THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND Physical Opinions Written by her Excellency the Lady MARCHIONESSE of NEWCASTLE LONDON Printed for J. Martin and J. Allestrye at the Bell in St. Pauls Church-Yard 1655. Collegium sive Aula S.S. t Trinitatis in Academiâ Cantabrigiensi 1700 TO THE LADY MARQVESSE OF NEVVCASTLE On her Book intitled her Philosophicall and Physicall Opinions WEre the old Grave Philophers alive How they would envy you and all would strive Who first should burn their Books since they so long Thus have abus'd the world and taught us wrong With hard words that mean nothing which non-sense When we have Conn'd by heart then we commence Masters and Doctors with grave looks and then Proud because think thus we are learned men And know not that we do know nothing right Like blinde men now led onely by your sight And for diseases let the Doctors look Those worthy learned men but in your Book They 'le finde such news in their art and so true As old Hippocrates he never knew Nor yet vast Gallen so you need not seek Farther then English to know lesse in Greek If you read this and study it you may Out of dark ignorance see brighter Day W. NEWCASTLE AN EPISTLE To justifie the LADY NEW CASTLE AND Truth against falshood laying those false and malicious aspersions of her that she was not Authour of her BOOKS I Would willingly begin with the common and Dunstable rode of Epistles Gentle Readers but finding you much otherwise I will fall to our discourse in hand First 't is but your envious Supposition that this Lady must have converst with many Scholers of all kindes in learning when 't is well known the contrary that she never convert with any profest Shooler in learning for to learn neither did she need it since she had the conversation of her Honorable and most learned Brother from her cradle and since she was married with my worthy and learned Brother and for my self I have lived in the great world a great while and have thought of what has been brought to me by the senses more then was put into me by learned discourse for I do not love to be led by the nose by Authority and old Authours ipse dixit will not serve my turn were Aristotle made a more Philosophical Bible then he is and all scholers to have a lively faith in him doth not move me to be of their Philosophical churche at all And I assure you her conversation with her Brother and Brother-in-law were enough without a miracle or an impossibility to get the language of the arts and learned professions which are their terms without taking any degrees in Schooles It is not so difficult a thing though they make mountains of mole-hills say they thatthis Lady useth many termes of the Schooles but truly she did never Impe her high-flying Phancies with any old broken Fethers out of any university and if you read well which is to understand and look on her Poems you will 〈◊〉 they are all new born Phansies never toucht of heretofore But for the rarity of the terms or nests of Divines Philosophers Physicians Geometricians Astrono mers and the rest of the Gown-Tribe as one tearms them how is it possible she should know them And first for Divinity when she speaks of Predestination Free-will 〈◊〉 and consubstantiation truly these termes are not so hard to be got by heart as to be understood since I beleeve it puzzels the learned to make sense of them But I beseech you give this Lady so much capacity as to get them by heart since every Tub-preacher discourses of them and every sanctified wife gossips them in wafers and hipocris at every Christening Next are the termes of the Philosophers Certainly 't is no Conjuration to conceive Atomes invisible and indivisible bodies elements earth air water and fire whereof your elementary fire under the moon is much doubted of and then you have but three elements Motion is a difficult thing indeed to understand the varietes of it but certainly not of a body moved that 's no such transcendent thing Dilation a spreading Contraction a gathering together Rarificationthinning and Condensation thickning I confesse in the Latine it seems very learned but in the English very vulgar there-fore I beseech you give this Lady leave to have the wit and the judgement to understand these Great no mysteries And put the case now that this Lady should name materia prima and understand the English of it to be first matter and ask her friend again what they mean by it and he tells her they say they mean matter without form and she should answer there is no matter without some form so materia prima are two Latine words that mean nothing An incorporeal substance is too learned to be understood so that is waved Now for the termes of Physicians when she speaks of Choler Phlegme Melancholy and Blood and of Ventricles in the heart and brain of veines arteries and nerves and discourses of fevers apoplexies convulsions Dropsies and divers other diseases with their particular causes symptoms and cures how should this Lady understand these terms say some truly a good Farmers wife in the country by seeing one of her sheep opened may well understand the tearms of most of these and a Constables wife of a hundred in Essex that useth Physick and Surgery may well talk of the diseases without any great learned mystery they are so plain and so common as none needsto construe Greek in Hippocrates or Galen for them But would you know how we know the great Mystery of these Physical terms I am almost ashamed to tell you not that we have been ever sickly but by Melancholy often supposed our selves to bave such diseases as we had not and learned Physitians were too wise to put us out of that humour and so these tearms cost us much more then they are Worth and I hope there is no body so malicious as to envie our bargain neither truly do I repent my bargain since Physitians are the most rational men I have converst with all and my worthy and very good friends and truly this Lady never converst with any Physitian of any disease but what she thought she had her self neither hath she converst with many of that profession Now for the great learning of knowing the terms of Geometricians when this Lady touches upon Triangles Squares Circles Diameters Circumferences Centers lines straight and crooked c. I will not dissect these great mysteries because they are so very common as the meanest understands all these termes even to Joyners and Carpenters therefore surely this Lady is capable of them Then of Astronomers say they when she speak's of the Horizon Meridian Equator Zodiack Eclyptick Tropicks Poles of the world c. When these termes are understood thats their meaning they are no such subtilties since every boy may be taught them with an apple for the Globe and the parings for the sphears
divide parts or unsettle or unground parts which disunites weaknes and dissolves parts or bodies Wherefore all contracting attracting retentive disgestive dilating expulsive motions in a well tempered body must move like the several Planets every sort in their proper sphears keeping their times motions tempers and degrees but too many or too strong contracting motions cause the gout stone plurisie hective fevers numb and dead palsies dry-liver brain and many the like and too many dilating motions cause dropsies winde-colicks rhumes shaking palsies sweats or fainting sicknes milions the like and too many or too strong expulsive motions cause fluxes vomiting bleeding and the like and too many or too strong digestive motions cause too much blood fat and flesh which is apt to choak the vital parts or may nourish some particular parts so much as may make them grow and swell out so bigg as they may be disproportionable for the rest of the parts in the body But still I must remember my readers that all dilating motions are in the way of expulsion and all attractions in the way of contraction and digestion are mixt motions taking part from either side then I must remember my readers that there are infinite wayes or manners of contractions and infinite wayes or manners of wayes of attraction and so of retentions dilations expulsions and disgestions where every change makes a several effect Chap. 201. Of the several tempers of the body A Healthful temper of the body is an equal temper of the body and mixture of 〈◊〉 well set parts and justly tuned motions whereby life dances the true measure of health making several figures and changes with the feet of times and a sick distempered body is when the humours of body are superabundant or unequally tempered and the motion perturbed and irregular keeping neither time nor measure but all diseases proceed from too much cold or too much heat or too much drought or too much moisture or too much humor or too much motion or mistempered humor or unequal motion or too swift motion or too slow motion all contracting motions make the body dry al dilating motions make the bodie moist some sorts of contracting motions make the body hot and dry other sorts of contracting motions make the bodie cold and dry some sorts of dilating motions make the body hot and moist other sorts of dilating motions make the body cold and moist all slow or quick motions cause the humours of the body to be heavy thick and clammy all swift motions cause the humors of the body to be thin sharp and salt all crosse-justling or beating motions causeth pain and according to such and such irregularities are such or such sorts or kinde or sorts or degrees of diseases are produced there-from Chap. 202. The nature of purging medicines MOst purging drugs are of the nature of hot burning fire for the inherent motions therein work according to the humour or matter it meets with some humor they melt making it thin and fluid although it be hard tough or clammy and as fire doth oare which is unmelted metal makes it so fluid as it will run through a gutter of earth like water so do some drugs make some sorts of humour through the body either upward or downward Again some drugs will work upon some humours as fire upon wood dividing the humour into small parts as ashes from wood which naturally falls downward And some they will dissolve by mouldring and crumbling as fire doth stone which runs forth like sand which is stone indeed bred in the body Some drugs rarifie the humors into wind as fire will rarifie and evaporate water which is set boyling theron Other drugs will at fire that distils out the moist and watry substance from that which is more grosse but it is to be observed that all purging drugs that work by vomit are somewhat of the nature of that kinde of fire we call sulphur or oyl that is melted or fluid sulphur when these sorts of drugs are set on fire as I may say by the natural or distempered heat in the body it flies out ascendingly like AEtna for it is of the nature of sulphur to ascend as flame doth and certainly al bodies have such motions naturally inherent in them as make and produce such effects as fire doth on several sorts of humours by which motions the body hath a natural cleansing faculty which makes the natural purging quality but when the motions are so violent they oftentimes destroy the body with burning fevers or violent fluxes or the like for the fire in the body is like a fire in a chimnie for when the chimny is clean and the fire proportionable to lie therein it warms and comforts all about and is useful for many imployments for the necessaries of life but if the chimny be foul or the fire too big or too much for the chimny it sets all in a flame consuming whatsoever it incompasses if it be not quenched out with cooling julips as with water or by casting on rubbish or grosse materials to smother it out as in great fluxes they will not onely give restringent medicines as having a natural restringent faculty but thick meats as thicked milk or the like but when the body is restringent or hath taken restringent medicines it is produced by drying motions as contracting or retentive motion if they be hot retentive or contracting motions they they harden and confirm the humours as the heat of the sun or the heat of the fire doth clay which turns it to brick or tile or those things we call earthen pots and according as the humour is grosse or fine the more britle or hard or thick or heavie or thinne or light It is for some humor as Proselnye or Chyney others as the grosser earthen vessels Again some sorts of contracting or retentive motions draw the humour as when bacon neats tongues or the like are dryed in a chimney or oven or the like other sorts of hot contractions draw the humour as the sun doth the earth drying up the watry spring therein but if the restringencies either of the body or of the medicines be caused by cold retentive or contracting motions it dries the humors as cold frost dries the earth or bindes up the humors as frost binds up the waters in icy fetters or thickens the humors as cold thickens the water or vapor drawn from the earth into clouds of snow But I am to advertise my readers that all expulsive motions are not fiery expulsions for there are infinite several wayes of expulsive motions and dilations Secondly these fiery motions do not alwayes work expulsively but contractively attractively and retentively and disgestively Thirdly all expulsive dilative disgestive contractive attractive retentive motions are not fiery but there is such a kinde or sort of contractions attractions retentions disgestions dilations and expulsions as belong to fire or heat or as I may better say produces heat or fire and as I
or if he should lie down in snow there would be his print so it is in air as we move from place to place new figures are made and the former figures moulder or melt out but according as the air is so they last or decay for if the air be congealed with cold thickned with grosse fogs or mist the figures last the longer therein although in a misshapen posture like ruinated buildings or broken statues or like defeated armies here an arm or a piece of an arm or a hand and there leggs here a head there a mangled body but when the air is thin and serene the print dissolves assoon as the figure removes and if the air were as solid as snow we should see the figures as perfect in the one as in the other but the air being very thin and porous the sight of the eye runs thorow without stay or stop taking no notice like water in a sieve wherein nought can be contained because there is no hold to keep the water in from running out Chap. 123. Of External figures and internal forms IN some things there is such sympathy betwixt the internal form and the external figure as the alterations of the one change the nature of the other as for fire when the external figure is altered the internal faculty is gone here the internal nature depends upon the exterior figure but as for water the external figure may be changed as we see when it is frozen but the internal nature not changed for it is as water still though it be not fluid here the internal depends not upon the external but thus much the exterior figures of all things depend so so much upon the exterior form or nature that when the internal is changed the exterior cannot be altered from and to as to change the countenance or face as I may say by contraction and dilation as water and metals and many others but an animal figure may remain as it was for a time when the internal is changed but not long as for example Animals although the internal nature and faculty be changed which is to move after such a manner as is proper for Animal the external figure is not altered for when Animals are dead the external which is the outward shape remains perfect for a time yet the internal motions may be in disorder as they are in animals that sound or are sick or faint or in vegetables that are fading or drooping but when the internal motions move orderly again either of themselves or by the help of assistant motions and figures the Animal is as it was before and the Vegetable flourisheth green again thus there may be an alteration but when there is an absolute change in the internal there can be no return but by a new creation for all alterations of motions do not do it but a total change Chap. 124. Earth water air fire cold heat light darknesse EArth water air fire cold heat light darknesse is made as Animals Vegetables and Minerals that is that such degrees of innated matter works upon the dull part of matter with various motions and several degrees of dull matter produceth such effects joyning parts together and separating parts asunder but joyning and mixing each degree together loseth not the entity of each degree for that can never be altered for as it was from all eternity so it will last to all eternity Chap. 125. The motions of the Sun and Planets THe Sun and the rest of the Planets are questionlesse created as other Animal creatures and their local motions are according to the shape as we see all Animals are for a worm cannot run but onely moves by gathering up the body from one place and then stretching it self out farther or else by rolling and winding his body from place to place nor beasts cannot flee as birds nor birds cannot trot amble nor gallop as beasts because they have no shape fitted thereto for birds want four leggs to pace and gallop and beasts want wings to flee so the Planets move according to their shape turning about as a spherical circle about a center and if the sun runs about the world with such speed as some old opinions are it must turn as a wheel about the spoake or rundle as a bowl in the ecliptick line But if the sun as some Modern opinions hold doth not move out of his place but is as it were fixed and that the Planets move about it in circular wayes according to their shape then the motions of the sun are onely by dilation and attractions from which light and heat proceeds and vapor is drawn or suckt up Chap. 126. Of the motions and figures of the four natural Elements THe motions that make the natural figure of earth are not so curious nor the matter they work on so fine as those which make fire air and water for the materials being grosser their work is rougher like morter that is made of hair and lime and the motions moving not so evenly or distinctly but rather mixtly causeth it to be sad and dark the solidity weight and drought are caused by the contracting attracting and retentive motions which motions are the chief workers and creators of this element which work like ants drawing all thereto making it like a round heap or like a Load-stone that attracts the solid matter The slimie or gelly part of the earth is made by such kinde of motions as spin small lines lik Silk-worms in a round hollow ball water is made after that manner onely those lines extenuate more into perfect circles Natural and pure air is made by such a kinde of motion as spiders spin webs smal lines spread and enterwoven evenly Natural fire is made by such kinde of motions as the art of whetting or sharpening or pointing with a grind-stone or Load-stone or the like and is made like the stings of Bees which pierce and wound whatsoever they can enter Natural light is made by such kinde of motions as wier-drawing or drawing a small thread from a spindle Natural darknesse is made by such kinde of motions as winding up threads upon bottoms in a heap I say natural because they keep their original form and is the right kinde and true shape as I may say of man-kinde For if a creature should be partly a beast and partly a man it were not of the right kinde and true shape Likewise Elements may be of the right kinde and yet be different as mankinde for every particular man is not alike neither in shape nor quality the like may elements differ Chap. 127. The reason of the ebbing and flowing of the sea thus I Will not dispute according to Copernicus that the earth goes about the Sun stands stil upon which ground Galleleo saith the reason of the ebbing and flowing of the sea is the jogging of the earth the old opinion is that the moon is the cause of it which I can hardly beleeve
for mark the tide from Scotland to Margel when the moon hath the same influence and the tide is so many hours in coming from Scotland to Margell as if one rid post if it were the moon why should it not be high water or full tide Margell that it is in Scotland at the time the power of the moon being all one so that comes very improbable to me for many things fall out at the same time and yet the one not cause of the other and in Philosophy there is nothing so ordinary as to mistake the cause of things since indeed the things for the most part are hid from us some again will have the Sun the cause of the ebbing and flowing of the sea others rationally say heat makes motion and the seas being salt make motion because it is hot but how comes it that the fresh waters ebbe and flow even springs well whatsoever the cause be of the seas motion where it moves for in some places they say it doth not but where it moves it is never high water in one place but it is low water in another place and the sea moves alwayes circularly for as it is the nature of water to be made in figures of circular lines so it is the nature to flow circularly which in my opinion is the reason of the ebbing and flowing tides that moves circularly that is part of a circular where the convex flows still forward the flowing motion extends more and more causing it to swell out and the concave ends to extend longer and closer in so much as at last the concave ends are joyned into a convex for it doth not extend in aperfect round circle as I shall describe in my following discourse but after an oval or rather a pear figure but when the flowing convex is extended beyond the strength it straight breaks being most weak by reason it is most extended out so that when the tides have no more strength to flow for want of water to extend and the convex over-powred by extenuation it breaks asunder and so falls back whereby the convex parts are now become the concave and where it was concave is now become convex which causeth it to flow the other way and ebb where it did flow for where it lies concave it ebbs and where it is conex is flows and thus it ebbs and flows perpetually where it hath free passage but the farther it flows the weaker it becoms by reason the strength is abated like a horse that hath run fast and far at last is so weak and breathlesse as he falls down so when the convex can extend no farther it breaks in two but as the convex extends the concave ends draw closer together whereby such time as they come to joyn the convex is so bowingly stretched as it becomes brittle as I may say or weak which causeth it to break but it is to be observed that the tides have a double motion for as the convex flows forward the concave ends draw backward at one and the same time for the extenuation of convex one way causeth the extenuation of the concave ends the other way but by reason the two ends draws close towards a point the ebbing waters seem narrow and little but the ebbing tides are but an effect of the flowing tides not a cause in it self for the interior nature of water is to flow where it can get liberty and freedom of passage and where it doth not flow it is obstructed by some obscure cause but I desire my reader not to mistake me as to conceive the motions of the tides and the interior nature of water all one being something alike but the motions of the tides and the motions of the interior nature of water are as different as the local motions of Animals and their interior nature and I beleeve if the fresh waters had the same liberty as the sea waters to flow which way they would without opposition or obstructions of hils dales banks and walls and had the like quantity to move withal I beleeve they would as naturally flow as the sea and ebbe when their strength fails and I beleeve if there were a sufficient quantity of water in the sea and no obstructions as Islands creeks and the like to hinder the passage and that the earth were like a billiard ball it would flow perpetually round as the Globe turns upon the Pole if the Pole turns not round with the Globe Chap. 128. Describing the tides THe flowing water gathers up together like superflous humors and swells out the convex as corrupted matter doth the skin and never leaves extending till it breaks but it begins by degrees in a demy-circle and as it flows it grows larger and longer extending its compasse And as the convex extends the concave ends must of necessity draw closer together Which makes the ebbing waters like a tail to the convex which as the body which makes the ebbing waters to be narrow and by the reason the bulk of the water flows in the convex it causeth the concave ends to be small which makes it shallow and the more the concave ends extend the smaller they are like thread drawn from a full distaff of flax for so the concave ends draws or rather extends from the convex body But as I said before the more the convex extends the closer the concave ends draw together and when the convex is extended to the uttermost they joyn And assoon as ever they are joyned and mixt together into one point as it were it swels into a body For the former convex being broke the waters fal back to that part which was the concave but now is become the convex and that part which was the convex is now become the concave Yet the convex must be full before the concave ends extend like as a glasse that must be filled above the brims before it can run over Chap. 229. Of double tides AN after or double tide is caused by winde like as a man should walk against a very great winde that although he presseth forward yet it drives him back but when he hath broken the gust as it were he passeth more forcible through and though winde have power over the exterior motions of the waters yet not on the interior motions but winde can discompose the face of the waters as anger doth the countenance of men Chap. 130. Ofspring Tides SPring tides I conceive to be caused by waters that issue forth from the veins of the earth which are apt to swell and then to vent themselves forth at certain times as natural issues which flowing causeth the tides to be greater because it hath more strength to extend farther and the tides to be higher because the convex is thicker and fuller for the greater body of water the farther it flowes for it is for want of strength which makes an ebb or want of passage which makes a stop and when the tides are lower there are
bullet the pistol or that which makes the sound is the center which spreads sound as fire doth light and when such a compass of air is filled with sound either vocal or verbal every ear that stands in the compass must needs receive the sound if they 〈◊〉 not deaf likewise every eye may see day-light that is not blinde and the rebounds of sound are as the reflections of light and verbals are received into the ear as figures into the eyes and as cross lines of light make various colours so different notes make various tunes But some may say that if the air were full of one and the same words or notes that more would enter the ears then was sent I say that is impossible unless the ear could draw the spreading or streaming lines from the circumference to a point which the ear cannot But I believe art may do the same for sound as it can with light for art can draw with glasses made for that purpose many beams to appoint but if the eyes did so it would burn them out Also they can draw several species through a small hole I believe artificial echoes are or may be made after such a manner Chap. 165. Of taste touch and smell THese senses are made by such motions as sound is and as they are set on the drum of the ear so these are set on the nerves of the tongue or on the skin for when the skin is off our tongue we cannot taste likewise for touch they are set on the nerves and sinnews and when these notes are set harmoniously it pleaseth the senses otherwise it displeaseth them which displeasure is pain amongst the sensitive innated matter and hate amongst the rational innate matter As for scent they are motions that draw like lines like a plat-form upon the pia mater of the brain indeed the second draught of the sensitive innated matter is to draw all their figures upon the pia mater of the brain Chap. 166. Of Touch. TOuch is the general sense of the whole body which the other senses are not for though every part of the body is of a several touch yet it is all touch When sight onely belongs to the eyes sound onely to the ears scent onely to the nostrils and taste onely to the tongue besides the loss of any of these senses nay all of them may be wanting as if they were not belonging to life as indeed they are not but onely as conveniencies to the life but not of necessity whereas touch is as it were the life of the figure for when this sense is generally wanting in the animal figure it is as we say dead that is the natural motion belonging thereto is generally altered or quite changed as we say This sense is received through the pores of the flesh and the nerves are the instrumental strings whereon motion playes either a harmony of pleasure or a discord of pain for as their strings are struck so is pain or pleasure felt but I have treated sufficiently of this sense in my chapter of numb'd palsies Chap. 167. Of the pores of the body THe pores are passages which let out the smoke or vapor unnatural heat and the superfluous humors in the body also they are passages to let in comfortable warmth refreshing colds nourishing air these passages have their inconveniencies for they are a means to conveigh out the good with the bad and many times takes in infections as malignant diseases that passe through the pores for infection comes in as much through the pores as any other part of the body Besides many times the radical moisture is carried out by unnatural heats and sometimes the vital spirits by too many transparations but these pores passages are drawn or shut closer together by contracting motions or set wider open by extenuating motions but if these common and necessary passages to the interiour parts be 〈◊〉 close shut either by cold contractions or hot contractions it smoothers and choakes the vital parts by keeping the vapor or smoke that should go forth for the pores in this case are as the funnels of chimneys wherein the smoke ascends up and goeth out and if they are set too wide open by the extenuating motions they cause the body to starve by giving passage to such matter as should be kept in to feed the body or by giving too free passage to the natural moisture that should quench or temper the heat in the body or by giving too free a passage to the gadding spirits that should stay in the body to be imployed to the substance and strength thereof besides when they are too open they are as apt to take in by giving passage to that which is a prejudice to the 〈◊〉 of the body as infections malignity or unnatural colds or the like But the pores of the body are always imployed where the other passages of the body are imployed but some times THE NATVRAL VVARS IN ANIMAL FIGVRES PART V. CHAP. 167. ALL animals after they are created and have an animal life the figure is inlarged by nourishing motions and sympathetical matter these nourishing motions are disgesting motions carrying those parts which are received by the senses unto those parts that are created therein building thereon and fitting therewith strengthning by adding thicknesse as well as inlarging by extention yet all that is received into the stomack is not nourishing the reason is that the temperament of the matter is not sympathetical that is agreeing not with the motions therein For though it is not so antipathetical to make an open war which war is sicknesse yet they do hinder and obstruct like several factions those natural motions which make health but when the natural motions and tempers of humours are quite opposite to the food that is received or the unnatural humours bred in the body by evil digestion they become mutanous by the quantity that is received or that ariseth from obstructions whereupon there becomes a fierce and cruel fight of contrary motions and temperaments of matter and whilest they are in the battle we say the body is sick and if the natural motions be not strong enough to beat that evil and dangerous matter out or at least able to resist them so far as to guard themselves until the evil parts do spend themselves with their own fury or till the natural motions and temperaments can have some assistance as cordials or physick it destroyes the figure it fights with but if the natural motions be more powerfull either by their own strength or by their assistance then the mutinous and rebellious humours or the foreign enemy as surfets and the like but when they are beaten out killed or taken prisoners which is to be purged corrected or purified which makes the humours obedient and peaceable Chap. 168. Of the four natural Humours of the Body and those that are inbred AS there is natural Fire Aire Water and Earth that is made by an intire creation derived
from their own proper principles As likewise a metamorphosed Fire Aire Water and Earth So there are humours in Animal bodies and in other bodies for all I can perceive and though the bodies cannot be metamorphosed yet the humours may But in every Animal body there is natural Melancholy Choler Flegme and blood the natural blood is the vital vapor the natural Flegme is the radical moisture the natural Choler is the radical heat the natural Melancholly is the animal spirits being the highest extract And if we do but observe those that be naturally melancholly have the soundest judgements the clearest understanding the subtilest observation and curiousest inventions the most conceptions the 〈◊〉 fancies and the readiest wits likewise the strongest passions and most constant resolution but humours which are inbred as flegme choler and Melancholy are made as Metamorphosed fire aire water slime mud and earth as for example the chylus is the matter that is metamorphosed The dilating motions transform it from chylus to slime from slime to water from water to blood from blood to vapor from vapor to comfortable and lively heat from comfortable and lively heat to burning fevers and hectick fevers and the like Likewise the chylus by contracting motions turns from chylus to slime If they be cold contractions it turns from slime to flegme from flegme to heavy melancholly If hot contractions it turns from chylus to temperat choler from temperat choler to choler adust from choler adust to melancholly which from a slimy humour to a muddy humor from a muddy humour to an earthy dry humour Some sort of hot contractions make it sharp some salt some bitter Likewise several sorts of salts sharpnesse and bitternesse are wrought with mixt motions cold contractions make the humour glassy and stony Hot contractions make the humours tough clammy glutenous and stony Hot dilatings make the humour oylie cold dilations watry Likewise mixt motions makes mixt humours and mixt tempers inclining to each side as the motions predominate Chap. 169 The five natural Maladies of the body EVery diseased figure is either pained sick dissy numb weak or mad sometimes they meet all in one figure these are distinct senses one from another as for pain although every several part of the body hath different sense yet they agree in the general as to be all pain But sicknesse is quite different from pain for it is another sense for to have a pain in the stomach is not to be sicke in the stomach neither is any part of the body but the stomach is liable to this sense the head may ake and the heart may ake heel or any part of the body but none but the stomach can be sick Indeed it is a different sense from pain Thirdly a swimming or diseases in the head are different from both the other it is a third sort of sense neither is any other part of the body subject to this disease but the head not properly yet faintnesse or weaknesse is a disease as it were tempered with the three former diseases as to have pain sick and dissy or swimming to be mixt or compounded into one disease but it is so mixt and compounded into all three as neither is perfectly or distinctly felt so as it is no distinct sense this disease is generall to the whole body The fift is madnesse this sense is neither painful nor sick nor dissy but light in the head which is different from dissy or swimming but this disease infecteth with a distemper the five outward senses The last is a numbnesse and deadnesse of particular parts and sometimes of the whole body but this disease is not onely a different sense but an other nature which is naturally unknown to the figure for the figure is not any wayes sensible thereof indeed it is of the nature of sowning for those that sown the motions of the animal sense and minde are quite altered for a time but then the animal motions return that is rechanged to the proper motions again so that those dead parts that cannot be restored to the sense of touch are as it were in a continual sown for though in a sown the exterior motion are proper to the sense of touch is changed yet the interior motions proper to the consistence of that figure are not changed for if the interior consistent motions were changed it would turn to 〈◊〉 so in dead palsies if the interior consistent motions were changed those parts would corrupt as do dead carcases Numb palsies ie different from dead palsies as fainting from sowning for fainting is in the next degree to a sown so a numb palsie is the next degree to dead palsies Chap. 170. I will treat first of the motions that make sicknesse THe motions that cause sicknes are different according as the sicknes is or rather the sicknesse is according to the different motions for some motions are like the ebbing and flowing tides of the sea For the humor furdles or folds upwards as the flowing tide which most commonly provokes to cast as overflowing the mouth of the stomack but when the humour folds backward as the ebbing waters do that provokes to the stool for as falling tides run from one place they flows to another so when the humour fals back from the mouth of the stomack it overflows the belly but if the humour neither overflows the belly nor the mouth of the stomack it runs into the nerves like as the water runs through the earth and as the water breaks forth by springs so doth the Humor by several 〈◊〉 eumes Again some sorts of sicknesse in the stomack are made by such kinde of motions as water boyling in a pot over the fire for as ebbing and flowing motions are running backward and so forward so boyling motions are rising upward and falling downward there is as much difference in these motions as betwixt vaughting and running but these rising motions cause vapours to the head for the thin parts which rise highest when their rising strength failes fall not hastily down again but gather to a more solid body as vapor from the earth doht into clouds these clouds cause the dimnesse and darknesse of the sight obstructing the light that is brought by the optick nerves Again there are other sorts of sicknesse in the stomack caused by such motions as are like the rolling of a barrel the humour turning about in the figure of a barrel which figure or the like is somewhat bigger in the middle then the two ends this humour in the stomack is most commonly tough and thick being more united and somtimes one end of this humour is as set upward and the other downward and so turned as a barrel with the head upward and sometimes moved as a barrel the longest way on the ground these motions cause neither purging by vomits nor stool but thrust out into cold sweats for though these are not so strong dilating or expulsing motions as ouer
of the figures And Minerals are produced by the Conjunction of such Elements which were begot by such motions as make heat and drought and cold and dry Thus all figures are created from different motions and different degrees of infinite onely matter for onely matter joyns and divides it self by self motions and hath done so and will do so or must do so eternally being its nature yet the divisions and substractions joynings and creations are not alike nor do they continue or dissolve with the like measure of time which time is onely as in a reference to several motions But as I have said there can be nothing lost in nature Although there be infinite changes and their changes never repeated For say a man dies and his figure dissolves into dust as smal as Atoms and is disperst so as never to meet and every Atome goeth to the making of several figures and so changes infinitely from figure to figure yet the figures of all these changes lie in those parts and those parts in onely matter so likewise several motions may cease as figures dissolve but still those motions lies in innated matter and each particular figure in the generality of matter and motion which is on the dull part and innated part of onely matter Chap. 71. The Agilenesse of innated Matter INnated matter seems much nimbler in some works then in other as making Elements and their several changes being more porous then Animals Vegetables and Minerals which are more contracted and not so easily metamorphosed and on the thin part of dull matter they seem much nimbler and agil then when they work on the grosse part of dull matter for though the innated matter can work but according to the strength yet not alwayes according to that strength for their burthens are not alwayes equal to their strength for we see in light thin dull matter their motions to be more swift having lesse incumbrances and lighter burthens unlesse it be oposed and stopped by the innated matter that works in the more solid or thicker part of dull matter or move solid and united figures yet many times the innated matter that works on the thin part of dull matter or in more porous figures will make way through solid and thick bodies and have the power on those that work on more grosse matter for the innate matter that works on grosse matter cannot resist so well having greater burthens nor act with that facility as the others can whose matter is lighter or figures more pourous for we see many times water to passe through great rocks and mountains piercing and dividing their strengths by the frequent assaults thereon or to yet many times the passe is kept or lost according to the quantity of the innated 〈◊〉 of either side Chap. 72. Of external and internal figures and Motions FOr the motions of heat and drought begets the Sun the motions of heat and moisture begets the Aire The motions of cold and dry begets the earth and the rest of the Planets and as other motions begot them so they begot others and as these Elemental Planets beget in gener all figures which we call creatures in the world so these figures as they are matched beget each particular figures of several sorts For external figures are made by internal motions for though Vegetables Minerals and Animals be internal figures as to the globe of the World which is the external figures to them yet they are external figures to those which are created in them untill such time as they are cast forth of that mould as I may say which they were made in which is the womb and the several wombs of several kinds are several moulds but indeed all moulds differ in their points Perchance this subject might be better explained but my modest thoughts will not give my inquisitive thoughts leave to trace Natures Creations by procreation Although I beleeve nature and her works are pure of themselves but 't is the Abuse of her works and not the knowledge that corrupts man-kinde Chap. 73. Of repeating one and the same work and of varieties NAture may repeat one and the same creature if she pleaseth that is the same motions on the same matter may create the same creature by reason the same motions and the same matter is eternally in the body infinite thus the Original cause of producing one and the same is eternal by reason nothing in nature can be annihilated and though the infinite matter is but one and the same yet the infinite part of innated matter moves infinite several wayes and by reason of the diversity of motion there is such varietie as seldom any two creatures are alike for motion delights in variety not so much in the different kindes as in the particular creatures which makes me think that motion is bound by the nature of the matter to make such kindes Although it be at liberty for particulars and yet the several kindes may be as infinite as the particulars as for example although motion is bound to Animal kinde Vegetable kinde Mineral kinde and also to make such kinde of worlds as this is yet motion may make infinite particular worlds as infinite particular Animals Vegetables Minerals and those infinite worlds may differ as those kindes of Creaturs for worlds may differ from other worlds not onely as man from man but as man from beast beasts from birds birds from fish and so as Vegetables do for an oak is not like a tulip or roses for trees are not like flowers nor flowers like roots nor roots like fruit nor all flowers alike nor all roots alike nor all fruits alike nor all trees and the rest and so for Minerals gold is not like lead nor a diamond like a pibble stone so there may be infinite worlds and infinite variety of worlds and be all of that kinde we call worlds yet be nothing alike but as different as if it were of another kinde and may be infinite several kinds of creatures as several sorts that we can never imagine nor guesse at for we can guesse nor imagine at no other wayes but what our senses brought in or our imaginations raised up and though imaginations in nature may be infinite and move in every particular brain after an infinite manner yet it is but finite in every particular figure because every particular figuse is finite that is every particular figure comes by degrees from creation to a full growth from a full growth to a decay from a decay to a dissolution but not a Annihilation for every particular figure lies in the body infinite as well as every particular kinde for unlesse eternalmatter and infinite matter and eternal and infinite motions could be Annihilated infinite figures wil eternally remain although not in their whole bulk yet in their parted pieces for though one and the same matter may be made into other figures yet the former figures have as much a being as the present figures by reason
the matter that was the cause of those figures hath an eternal being and as long as the cause lasts the effects cannot be Annihilated Chap. 74. Of creation and dissolving of Nature THe divisions and substractions joynings and creations are not alike nor do they continue and dissolve with the like measures of time for some Vegetables are old and decrepit at a day old others are but in their prime after a hundred yeers and so some Animals as flies and the like are old and decrepit at a yeer old others as man is but at his prime at twenty yeers and will live a hundred yeers if he be healthy and sound so in the Minerals perchance lead or tin or the like is but a flie for continuance to gold or like a flower to an oak then it is probable that the Sun and the rest of the Planets Stars and Millions more that we know not may be at their full strength at ten hundred thousand yeers nay million of millions of yeers which is nothing to eternity or perchance as it is likely other figures were at full strength when matter and motion created them and shall last until matter dissolves them Again it is to be observed that all Spherical figures last longest I think it is because that figure hath no ends to ravel out at Chap. 75. Of Gold SOme say that Gold is not to be altered from the figure that makes it gold because Chymists have tried and cannot do it but certainly that innated motion that joyns those parts and so made it in the figure of Minerals can dissolve those parts and make it into some figure else to expresse an other thing but being a 〈◊〉 solid part of dull matter then that which makes other minerals it is longer a creating and dissolving then the other figures are that are of a light or softer substance and may be the motions that make gold are of slower nature so as it is caused from the hardnesse of the matter or the slownesse of the spirit caused by the curiosity of the work wherein they must use more different motions then in other figures so as it may be a thousand yeers uniting or a thousand yeers a dispersing a thousand nay ten thousand for there is no account nor time in nature infinite and because we last not so song as to perceive it shall we say that Gold was eternal and shall last eternally so we may as well say an Oak that is a hundred yeers ere it comes to full maturity and a hundred yeers ere it comes to be dissoved that it was an Oak eternally and shall be so eternally because a flower is created and dissolved in two or three dayes but the solidity of the matter and the cūriosity in the several changes and enterchanges of motions prolong the work yet it is hastened or retarded by the quantity of spirits that work therein for when there is more it is sooner formed when less longer ere it come to its figurative perfection Chap. 76. Of Sympathies and Antipathies which is to agree or disagree to joyn or to crosse THere are infinite sorts of figures or Creatures that have Sympathy and infinite sorts of figures that have Antipathies both by their exterior and interior motions and some exterior Sympathie with some interior and some interior with some exteriors and some exterior with exteriors and interiors with interiors both in one and the same figure and with one and the same kinde and with different kinds and with several sorts which works various effects and here I will treat a little of Vegetables and Minerals with Antipathy or Sympathies with Animals of all Animals First man thinks himself to have the Supreme knowledge but he can but think so for he doth not absolutely know it for thought is not an absolute knowledge but a suppositive knowledge for there are as many several degrees of knowledge as of innate matter which is infinite and therefore not absolute and as much variety of knowledge as there is of motions and though all innated matter is knowing yet all innated matter is not known this makes figures to have of each others a suppositive but not an absolute knowledge thus infinite makes innated matter in some kinde a stranger to it self yet being knowing although not known it makes an acquaintance with parts of it self and being various by interchanging motions it also loseth acquaintance the acquaintance we call learning invention experience or memory the unknown or not acquainted we call stupidity ignorance forgetfulnesse illiterate but by the acquaintance of experience we come to finde the use of many things and by the use we come to learn and from our learning we come to practise and by our practise we come to produce many effects from the hidden and mystical causes which are the effects from the onely cause which is the onely matter thus we come to finde the use of Earth Water Air and Fire Vegetables Minerals and so Animal with Animal and we do not onely get new acquaintance which is new experience but we make use of our acquaintance to our own benefit or at least we strive to do so for it is the nature of life which life is innated matter to strive for preheminency and absolute power that is onely matter would rule it self but being infinite it neither absolutely knows it self nor can absolutely rule or govern it self and though it be an endlesse work yet motion which is the moving part of nature cannot desist because it is infinite and eternal thus moving matter running perpetually towards absolute power makes a perpetual war for infinite and onely matter is alwayes at strife for absolute power for matter would have power over infinite and infinite would have over matter and eternity would have power over both Thus infinit and eternal matter joyned all as to one is alwayes at strife in it self yet the war is regular not confused For there this is a natural order and discipline is in nature as much as cruel Tyrannie for there is a naturall order and discipline often-times in cruel Tyranny Chap. 77. Of different knowledge in different figures CErtainly there are infinite several kindes as well as infinite several sorts and particular creatures in nature and certainly every several kinde nay every several sort in every kinde Knowledge works after a different manner in every different figure which different manners we call particular knowledges which works according to the figure so infinite knowledge lies in infinite figure and infinite figure in infinite matter and as there are infinite degrees of matter so there are infinite degrees of knowledge and as there are infinite degrees of knowledge so there are infinite degrees of motions so there are infinite degrees of figures and as there are infinite degrees so there are infinite kinds and as there are infinite kindes so there are infinite sorts and so infinite particulars in every sort yet no kinde can be said to
part of an Animal is of a different figure and every part hath different figures belonging thereunto as man for example to the hand there is the palm the back the fingers the nailes yet all makes but one hand So the head there is the brain the pia mater the dura mater the scul the nose the eyes the fore-head the ears the mouth the lips the tongue the chin yet all this is but a head likewise the head the neck the brest the arms the hands the back the hips the bowels the thighes the legs the feet besides the bones the nerves the muscles the veins the arteries the heart the liver the lights the midrif the bladder the kidnies the guts the stomacke the brain the marrow the blood the flesh the skin yet all these different figurative parts make but the figure of one man So for Vegetables the root the sap the peath the bole the bark the branches make but the figure of one tree likewise every figure is different this man is not like that man this tree is not like that tree for some trees are larger or lesser higher or lower more or lesse branched crooked or straghter so in Animals some are of one shape some of another as men some are slender and tall some little and low some big and tall others thick and low some high-nos'd some flat-nos'd some thick some thin lipt some high fore-heads some low some broad some narrow and numbers of like examples may be given not onely to man but all other Animal creatures according to their shapes that every particular in one and the same kinde hath different figures yet every particular kinde hath but one and the same motion which properly and naturally belong to that Kinde of figure as a horse to gallop to amble to trot to runn to leap to kick and the like and man to lift to carry to walk to run to pitch to dig to shut to chop to pull back to thrust forward likewise every particular part in one and the same Kinde hath but one and the same kinde of motions local or otherwise and ever particular bird hath but one and the same kinde of motion in their flights and in their feeding So beasts every particular kinde hath but one and the same manner of motion and feeding so likewise all mankinde hath after one and the same Kinde of motions belonging naturally to every particular part of his body the onely difference is in the strength or weaknesse their restraints or facilities but not different in manner of the movings But to return to the figures I say there are different figures belonging to one and the same kinde of figure but the ground or fundamental figures in every particular figure are there As for example a tree at first is the figure of wood the second is such a sort of wood as a Cedar an Oak an Elm an Ash and the like also of such a nature of wood some fitter to burn then to build others that will grow but on such or such soils others to last longer or die sooner or bud and bear in such and such seasons some to bear fruit others to bear none Likewise for Animals the first figure is to be an Animal that is to have a local figure the second figure is to be flesh not wood The third is to be such a kinde of flesh as mans flesh not bears flesh or dogs flesh or horse flesh or cows flesh and more examples may be given then I am able to repeat or my book to infold but Animals and Vegetables have more different figures belonging to every particular figure or Kinde then Minerals especially metals which are as it were composed of one piece Chap. 80. Of the gloomy figures and figures of parts and of one piece AYre is not a shining body of it self but as the lines of light shine upon it it is smooth and may be aglossie body but not a shining for though there are infinite several sorts of brightnesse and shining yet two I will describe As there are two sorts of shining figures some that cast forth beams of light as bright shining fire and likewise from some sorts of stones bones and wood so there are some sorts of figures that onely retain a bright shining quality in themselves but cast forth no beams there-from or else so weak and small as not useful to our sight but what is represented to us thereon by other lights this sort is water metal and vulgar stones which perchance ayre may have such a shining body These shining bodies as water or metal or the like are not perceived in the dark but when light is cast thereon we do not onely perceive the light but their own natural shining quality by that light Again some figures have onely a glosse which is a faint shining like as a fained light or an eclipsed shadow as all the pores Vegetables and Animals skins have and some figures are glossy through the thinnesse or transparentnesse not in the nature for by reason the figure is thin and transparent the light shining though transparent doth not onely shew the light but the light gives those figures a glosse Some figures as I have said are as it were all of one piece as some sorts of earth water vapor and ayr which may be metamorphosed by contracting and dilation Others of divers pieces and several works as Vegetables and Animals wherein are joynts and knots some parts soft and some liquid some firme some hard every part having a several figure which varieties and contrarieties serve to the consistence and preservation but of one perfect figure but Animals of all other figures have the most variety of works and several motions Chap. 81. Of the dull and innated matter SOme may say that if there were infinite dull and in-moving matter some of it may lie unmoved eternally I answer that cannot be for as there is infinite dulnesse and solidity so there is infinite acutenes and facility by which I mean searching and penetrating which in some sense makes it equal if there be equality in infinite but the innating matter works not upon the dull matter as upon a new material for the innate matter is mixt with the dull part of matter For the innated matter moves in the dull part of matter and on the dull part of matter as I have described in my first part for the innated matter takes not fresh and new as I may say for distinction sake to make a figure with but turns the dull matter into several figures joyning each degree as the innate matter will or as it is proper for such a kinde of figure for some degrees of matter will not make I do beleeve some kinde of figures but the dull part of matter is not mixed in the innate matter although the innate matter is mixed in that for the innate matter is pure in it self without any gross mixture for it is the infinite pure part of
The Metamorphosing of the exterior forms of some figures ALL figures that are of a united piece as water and fire are and not in parts as not having several parts of different natures as Animals and Vegetables have may be Metamorphosed out of one form into another and rechange into the original form again yet it is onely their exterior form not their interior nature As for example water that is frozen or turned to hail or snow the exterior is onely metamorphosed For the interior nature which is the circular line is unaltered likewise when the circular line is extenuated into air the interior circle line is not changed but when the interior nature is dissolved and the matter it was composed of transmigrates into other figures Likewise metals when the interior nature is changed it cannot be rechanged again without a new creation for if we can turn onemetal into another yet it is not as the way of metamorphosing but transmigrating otherwayes we may say we can turn Animals and Vegetables into water when we distil them but the magick of Chymistry shall nor return them to their interior nature nor exterior shape Again although their desires make them beleeve it possible to be done but substracting is not metamorphosing but rather transmigrating and substracting is one of the chiefest faculties of transmigration And as for those creatures that are composed of parts of different natures as I have said their exterior form cannot be metamorphosed 〈◊〉 those motions that metamorphose one part cannot metamorphose another And though every part is different yet they generally unite to the consistence of the whole figure whereby the several transforming motions on the several parts would make such a confusion as upon necessity must dissolve the intellect nature and interior form of that 〈◊〉 figure thus striving to alter would destroy AN EPISTLE TO THE Unbeleeving Readers IN NATURAL PHILOSOPHY MAny say that in natural Philosophy nothing is to be known not the cause of any one thing which I cannot perswade my self is truth for if we know effects we must needs know some causes by reason that effects are the causes of effects and if we can knowbut one effect it is an hundred to one but we shall know how to produce more effects thereby Secondly the natural Philosophy is an endless study without any profitable advantage but I may answer that there is no Art nor Science but is produced thereby if they will without partiality consider from whence they are derived Thirdly that it is impossible that any thing should be known in natural Philosophy by reason it is obscure and hid from the knowledge of man-kinde I answer that it is impossible that nature should perfectly understand and absolutly know her self because she is infinite much lesse can any of her works know her Yet it doth not follow that nothing can be known because all is not known As for example there are several parts of the world discovered yet it is most likely not all nor may be never shall be yet most think that the whole world is found because Drake and Cavendish went in a circular line until they came to the place where they set out at first And I am most confident that most of all thought all the world was known unto them before the West-Indies were discovered and the man which discovered it in his brain before he had travelled on the navigable sea and offered it to King Henry the seventh who slighted him as a foolish fellow not beleeving his intelligence and no question there were many that laughed at him as a vain fool others pitied him as thinking him mad and others scorned him as a cheating fellow which would have couzened the King of England of a sum of money but the Queen of Portugal being wiser then 〈◊〉 rest imployed him and adventured a great summe of money to set him forth on his way which when the successe was according to the mans Genius brain and had brought the Queen by the discovery gold and silver mines for her Coine then all other nations envied the King of Spain who was heir and like a company of dogs which fight for a bone went together by the ears to be sharers with him So the Bishop who declared his opinion of the Antipodes was not onely cryed down and exclaimed against by the vulgar which hates all ingenuity but learned Scholers stood up against him and the great and grave Magistrates condemned him as an Atheist for that opinion and for that reason put him from his Bishoprick and though he had favour to spare his life which opinion hath since been found out by Navigators but the ignorant unpractised brains think all impossible that is unknown unto them But put the case many went about to finde that which can never be found as they said natural Philosophy is yet they might finde in the search that they did not expect which might prove very beneficial to them or put the case ten thousand should go ten thousand wayes to seek for a cabinet of precious Jewels and all should misse of it but one shall that one be scorned and laughed at for his good fortune or industry this were a great injustice But ignorance and envy strives to take off the glosse of truth if they cannot wholy overthrow it and those that write must arm themselves with negligence against censure For my part I do for I verily beleeve that ignorance and present envie will slight my book yet I make no question when envy is worn out by time but understanding will remember me in after ages when I am changed from this life but I had rather live in a general remembrance then in a particular life Earth Metamorphosed into water water Metamorphosed to vapor Aire and fire at least into heat PART III. CHAP. 86. MOtion forms a round lump of earth or such like matter by extenuating swels it out and as the swelling increases the circumferent enlargeth and when it s extended further then this solid form it becomes pores and the parts looser This degree of extenuation makes it mud when it extends further then the degree of mud it turns to a softer form as that of slime the fourth extenuating degree shapes it into a perfect ring drawing all the loose parts into a compasse line this becomes water and the difference of a lump or ball of earth to the watry circle for a round lump is when there is no space or distinct lines and a circular ring is a distinct line with a hollow center that is an empty place in the midst of a round line so they may be a round ball but not a ring or a round circle line and a circle line and not a ball and as I said when it comes to such a degree of extenuating it turns water that is to be wet liquid and fluid and according as the circles are is the water more or lesse and according as the lines are
frozen it is not suddenly thawed which half perswades me that cold is the quicker motion but howsoever we perceive they do often dispute for the mastry when some time the cold predominates and sometimes the heat But when there is an amity and friendship between both then it is temperate weather Chap. 109. Of dry heats and cold and of moist heats and colds ALL dry heats and colds are created or produced by such manner of motions as pleating folding surfling crumpling knitting linking brading tieing binding into a lesse compasse or space All moist heats and moist colds are created or produced by such manner of motions as smoothing planing stricking or stretching but burning heats are like those motions that prick a sheet of paper full of holes or dart it or cut it but there are infinite of these several kinds of motions which make these several heats and colds working according to the several degrees or temperaments of matter and the composers of figures but l onely set these few notes to make my discourse as easy to my readers understanding as I can for it is a difficulty to expresse several motions although they be so grosse as to be visible to the optick sense Chap. 110. Of shining figures ALL figures that are composed of lines are the aptest to shine because lines are the evenest measure and the smoothest rule for mathematical motions to work with but according as the lines either exterior or interior is smooth or rough contracted or extenuated shines more or lesse for some lines are interiorly even and smooth and exteriorly rough and unequal as pointed lines or chekred or milions the like Others are exteriorly even and interiorly rough as lines of points some are interiorly rough and exteriorly rough as lines of points pointed and some are interiorly smooth and exteriorly smooth which are drawn out even as one piece and not composed of parts Chap. 111. The motions that make natural air and day light NAtural air which is not metamorphosed air is made by such kinde of motions as makes cloth that is spun threads weaved as with shuttles in a loom so some motions spin threads of thin dull matter and other motions interweave those threads where the grossest sort makes the thicker air as great threads make course cloth and the thinner matter makes the serenest air as small threads make the finest cloth where some is like cobweb-lawn so sheer or clear as the smallest objects may be seen through which is spread about the globe of the earth as a thin vail over a face or body and from the sun rising the motions that make light run in lines upon it and so is like a garment laid all over with silver-twist or rather like silverwier from the sun rising to high noon it is as it were setting sewing or imbroidering on this serene air at mid-day it is quite finished and by sun set it is quite reapt off again And to shew that the lines of light are as it were laid upon this serene air and not mixt into it is by the vapor which gathers into dark clouds which will obscure the light as far as they spread besides if the light were intermixt the motions and matter could not so easily nor so quickly withdraw or intermingle as we see they do for what is intermixt is hard to separate but dark clouds are onely as spots which by rarification are rubbed out if they be wet spots or drops they fall out in shours of rain but by such sorts of motions as by ringing or squeesing or griping with a hand or the like which breaks the sea or waves of water which are clouds into several streams of drops sometimes with a greater force and sometimes with a lesse according as the motions are stronger or weaker The difference betwixt this serene and natural air and the metamorphosed air is as a natural face and a mask which is put on or put off according as the watry circles contract or dilate the other in probability may be as lasting as the sun it self not being subject to change but by a natural creation or dissolution Chap. 112 Of light LIght is made by such a kinde of motion as heat being an equal extenuating motion but the difference is that the motions that make heat is a spreading motion but light is made by a spining motion equally drawing out long paralel lines with an extraordinary swiftnesse evennesse smalnesse and straightnesse Chap. 113. The reflections of light THe reflections of light when are the innated matter draws even lines with equal motions backwards as I may say for when their motions are stopt with a more solid matter then that which they work on to make light where touching or beating thereon they do not break their lines but the leading innated matter which makes light returns back in equal lines with equal motions so as there becomes equal lines of light onely as some lines run forward others run backward but in straight paralel lines not crossed nor perturbed for when these motions are crost or perturbed it doth as troubled waters do the one rising in several colours as the other in waves so the colours are the waves or billows of light Chap. 114. Of light and reflections NO question but there are as many various lights as faces and as different kinds of lights as there are different Animals or vegetables or minerals as some I will here set down for distinction the sun light the lighs of the fixt stars the fire light meteor light glow-worm light rotten wood light the light of fishes bones and there are many sorts of stones which will sparkle in the dark as diamonds and many I cannot recount Then there are produced lights as day from the sun flame from fire then there are reflected lights as the planets and reflected lights from reflected lights as the light from the planets on the earth and infinite reflections made by several motions on figures for on every figure are several reflections Chap. 115. Of some opinions of light darknesse and Death SOme say light is nothing but a motion but there can be no motion without some matter for where there is no matter there is nothing to move but light as other effects are is made by such kind of motions on such degrees or tempered matter and so is heat and cold and darknesse made by several motions on such matter although some opinions are that darknesse is nothing but an absence of light as some think death is a cessation of motion T is true death is an alteration of such kinde of motions as we call life so darknesse is not made by such motions as make light for there are motions belong to darknesse as well as those to make light so there be many several motions in dissolving of figures which dissolution we call death as the creating of a figure which we call life Chap. 116. Of darknesse THose motions which make darknesse seem to be
some invisible obstructions or the eatrh hath drawn or suckt from that part of the sea Chap. 131. The tide and stream flowing against each other THe reason the tide flows against the stream a of River is that the quantity of sea water forceth through the stream and the descent of the river forceth the stream to passe through the motion or rather by the motion of the tide for the natural motions of all waters being to flow and the force of the descent added therto gives it a double if not a treble strength so that when the force of the tide and the force of the stream meets and incounters they make passes as Duellers that fight hand to hand but if one water runs quite through another it is most probable that the tide runs through the stream by reason it is armed strongly with salt which may cause it to be streamproof when the river water is porous and weak by reason it is fresh and thin as I may say Chap. 132. The difference of salt water and fresh water THe difference of salt water and fresh is that salt waters circle lines are flat and edged as a knife or the like and in fresh water round which edge makes it not lesse smooth although more sharp nor hinders the extenuating compasse but the lines being flat make it more solid and so give it more strength then the fresh water circle that is round which makes it more porous then salt water is by the experience of an egge and the like which in fresh water the egge will sink to the bottom but very salt water will bear it up from sinking and according to the strength it will bear more or lesse but those lines may exteriorly alter from flat to round and round to flat and never alter the interiour nature as to break the compasse which is to dissolve the circle or ring as I may say which circle ring is the interior figure Chap. 133. Of winde WInde is wrought by expulsive motions and the strength doth not proceed from the thicknesse or solidity of the body as many think it doth conceiving it to be contracted or prest up air which if it were it could not enter into such small porous and narrow passages as it doth wherefore me thinks the strength should not proceed so much from the solidity as the agilnesse therein for the quick repetition doth so sorcibly presse on each other as upon necessity it must drive all loose and porous bodies before it but the farther it bloweth the fainter is the breadth for as the repetitions grow short so weaker Chap. 134. Of the noise of Tempest and storms AS I have said that sort of air which is made by watry circles is apt to sound with every motion that strikes thereon by reason of the hollow figure being sphericall Likewise this is the reason running brooks make a murmuring noise also this is the reason that the tides do make such a noise in the ebbs and flowes circles pressing or rather strikeing each other Again this is the reason the windes when they blow upon airy or watry circles by striking those spherical circles cause it to sound and make a roaring noise by the confusion it makes therein for winde which is an expulsive vapor doth not onely strike those watry circles but those that are extended into air and when those motions drive circle against circle or circle upon circle makes such quick rebound which rebounds in contracting and crossing each other make a confused sound which we call tempestuous and stormy and it is to be observed that a tempest in the air and a storm in the water and thunder is much after one and the same kinde of noise But as thunder is caused by the expulsion of the most extended circular lines so winde is the expulsion of the more grosser circles as when lines break which are extended no farther then to vapor also these expulsions if they be not very violent cause rain for the expulsed motion being no stronger then to presse upon the unbroken and extended circles either of vapor or air drives it into the watry compasse but when the weather is cloudy it is not altogether so hard prest upon as to drive it into perfect water circles but to the next degree as a thick vapor And when the weather is unconstant as we say that is sometimes grosse and thick and then it will be strait clear and bright is as the presser doth abate or increase but unforced raines as I may call them which is without a violent constraint is when those circles are drawn into a wetry compasse in a natural order and by the natural waight being thicker then natural air that is original air and not transmigrated water it falls down on the earth Likewise the pouring showers make a sound by the force of the falling drops striking as they fall sound but by reason the water is divided by the falling motions into lesse bodies as it were which makes not so strong a sound having lesse compasse as the tides or air having fewer circles in a body as in drops which makes it of a lesse bulk and the lesse the body is the weaker and the smaller is the sound But when the watry lines are drawn into a triangular figure of snow it falls silently without sound by reason the watry line is drawn out of the extended circle Besides that figure is the lightest figure by reason of the inequality for a square hath four equal parts which makes a just number so an equal ballance which gives it a steddy weight and a circle is equally round without parts which gives a steddy weight But a triangular figure is in three parts which is no just number nor equal ballance nor steddy weight which make it of lesse force for being a wavering figure it cannot presse hard nor strike strongly nor fall heavy but flies lightly about Chap. 135. Of thunder and lightning THunder and lightning are caused from watry circles for when they are extended from water to vapor from vapor to air from temperate air to hot air from hot air to fire for if those circles extended beyond the compasse and strength of the line they break which is the cause of thunder and lightning for assoon as the farthest extention of the circle is broken those extended parts do with an extraordinary swift motion run or rather shut forth into bright flaming flashes as spinning lines of light but when those lines extend with a strong strength they break into smal parts which causeth thunder to follow lightnings for those bteaking parts sometimes expulse disorderly beating and striking upon those circle lines that are unbroke which circles being of a hollow figure cause a sound in the higher region whereto they are ascended for their extention causeth them to be light their lightnesse to ascend But all hollow figures being concave within and convex without do present to the ear if they be strong as
concave and convex glasses doth objects when presented to the eye thus hollow figures cause a hollow sound if they be struck for the concave draws those motions in which rebounds from fide to side and the rebounds continue 〈◊〉 sound by the Echos repeated for sound lasts longer in hollow figures then in any other and though I will not say that onely hollow figures make sounds yet I say that no sound can enter but through hollow figures as the ear is a hollow figure and all hollow figures and the ear is not onely hollow but circular but sounds are made in the ear or rather enters as light and colours in the eyes for discord is perturbed motion or rather close Antipathetical motions and harmony are sympathetical and regular motions but the more of these extenuating circles break the more lightning there is and the stronger they brea the more thunder rhere is and the harder they strike upon the unbroken circles the lowder is the sound But if the circle lines break onely asunder and extend or shut forth into straight lines without more parts there is onely lightning without thunder but if those lines break into more parts there is thunder also and when there falls r ain at those times of thunder it is when the gentler motions of some of those expulsed parts do not strike hard upon some of those unbroken circles but presse upon them which causeth them to draw and gather into a lesse circle and a grosser line untill they return into the watry compasse where growing too heavy for the hight falls down toward the center of the earth as all heavie bodies if not thick bodies under to bear them up or stronger motions then their weight to hold them up thus in my opinion is thunder and lightning caused and when it rains those unbroken circles return into its nature again Chap. 136. Of the alterations of motions ONe and the same degree of innate matter may change and rechange the natural posture motion in one and the same figure but a general alteration of those motions proper to that figure dissolves the natural form of any one particular figure for a figure moving by several motions proper to its kinde must joyntly consent either by a sympathy or inforcement to make a dissolution as well as a creation but all motions works or alter according as the matter is or figure they work to or forced by stronger motions to alter their natural course likewise several and contrary motions may work by turns in one and the same figure by one and the same degree of innated matter Chap. 137. Of different motions ALL extenuating motions make not fludity or wet but such kind of extenuating on such tempered or on such degrees of dull part of matter for some extenuating motions make light others make heat and infinite the like so all expulsive motions do not burn nor all 〈◊〉 motions do not work alike nor all attractive nor all retentive nor expulsive for there are infinite wayes or kindes of them which works infinite varieties for there are infinite several sorts of heats coldes droughts moistures and infinite kindes of lights and darknesse as well as of colours so infinite wayes of contractions and attractions and infinite wayes of expulsions and so there are such varieties in one and the same kinde as it is impossible for me to describe as for one man to draw the several pictures of mankinde from all eternity but if I could draw but one picture it will be enough to shew my art and skill although but a plain draught but I finde the work too hard for my wit yet I have ventured and mean to hang it on the wall of censure although I know spite will strive to pull it down Chap. 138. Of the local motions of water air and fire I perceive there be other figures that have local motions besides Animals yet it is partly their figures that are proper thereto for though there is no matter but is figured yet all figures move not but of themselves and though all figures aremoved or moving or both moved and moving yet all local motions move not after one and the same manner but I hear mean by local motion that which naturally can move from place to place by their interior nature and exterior shape but if the word is not right to the sense pray pardon it and take the sense and leave the word and Christen it a new but these kindes of local figures are water arie and fire which move after an Animal manner although they have not the shape of those we cal Animals yet they seem Animals by their self motion as moving from place to place unlesse they be stopt by stronger motions or other figures that are more powerful the like of other Animals as for example if one man or more being stronger bindes another man which hath not strength nor power to oppose or hinder them he cannot move according to the property of his nature and shape So likewise if cold contractions be more powerful then the extenuating circles it bindes up the the water with icie fetters wherby it cannot move according to the nature nor circular shape so if any man should go to a place and a high wall should stand betwixt him and that place he cannot passe unlesse there were a passage or that he can clamber which must be by art because there is no footing and to jump over it he cannot for it is so high that the weight of his body will pull him down before the strength or agilnesse of his limbs shall raise him over and he cannot flee over by reason his shape is not fitted thereto having no wings so water being stopt and the passage hindered by a thick bank of earth cannot move according to its property for it is proper for water to move descendingly at least straight forth but when it ascends it is forced by other more powerful motions so likewise it is proper for air to move after a level streaming or spreading manner For fire to ascend after a piercing shooting and perpendicular manner for these elements do as other Animals do for man beasts birds fishes their local motions are different according to their shapes for it is the property of a four legged creature to gallop trot pace run leap but they cannot flee because their shape is not fitted thereto having not wings nor a bird cannot gallop trot nor pace having not four leggs to make changes therewith it is true a two legged creature may leap jump hop and run Likewise those fishes can neither run nor flee that have not wings nor legs but those that have mixt shapes have mixt local motions as there be fleeing fishes and swimming birds and running fishes and swimming beasts indeed most creatures can swim for most shapes are fitted thereto in one kinde or another but mans shape is such as it can imitate most various motions
stopping it stops the exterior motions of the whole body by reason that place is the knitting place of those moving strings and when the water is flow'd as I said to this part the diseased lies as in a swoon as if they were quite dead having no visible motion but as soon as the water begins to fall back they begin to recover out of the fits but as often as the water in the head is at full tides either of the fore part of the head or the hinder part the diseased fals into a fit which is sometimes oftner then other for it keeps no constant course time nor measure and according as the pia mater and dia mater extends the 〈◊〉 are stonger or weaker Likewise such green water with such motions about the heart may produce the same disease for oft times this green water or green thin humor ascends or runs from several parts of the body into the cesterns of the head and the heart and this kinde of water or humor if it be in the nerves causeth dangerous convulsions by reason of the sharpness that shrivels up the nerves and when it is in the bloud causes the veins to contract through the same reason if in the stomach it causes vomiting or great fluxes by subdividing the humors and the sharpness prickling or tickling the stomach provokes a straining as tickling in the nose doth sneezing so the stomach either to strain upwards or downwards Chap. 195. Of Shaking Palsies SHaking palsies proceed from a supernatural extenuation in the nerves which by the extenuating becomes more porous and hollow and becomes like a perpetual earthquake having a flatuous or windy humor in the bowels thereof and cannot finde passage out if it proceeds from a hot extention there must be applied cold condensing medicines If by a cold extention there must be applied hot condensing remedies Chap. 196. Of Convulsions and Cramps COnvulsions proceed from contrary contracting motions quite from the natural motions of the body as winding up the sinews nerves or veins but especially those sinews which joyn and impair the muscles together drawing not onely contrary but contracting several wayes and after divers manners for some time the nerves are as if we should tie strings in bowt-knots others as if we should winde 〈◊〉 Lute strings on pegs and some are twisted like whip-cord and many the like wayes which would be too long to recount but these contractions proceed either from a winde got into the nerves or veines which troubles them as the winde-cholick doth the guts or a sharp humor that shrivels them together or as salt watery humor mixt with winde which strugling and striving together turns windes folds or roles up the nerves like the waves of the Sea or a cold icy humor which draws and gathers in the nerves as frost will do all spungie bodies or some thick clammy humor which stops some passages which causeth the natural motions to turn irregular but if the humor be onely in the veins it is cured by letting bloud if the bloud be corrupted sharp or salt or if the bloud be cold windy or watry hot liquid medicines cure it or cordial water or the like and if it be a cold humor in the nerves hot oyls and extraordinary hot medicines cures it as the spirit of Caster oyl of Amber and the like but if it proceed from a salt sharp watery humor or a thick clammy humor in the nerves it is seldom or never cured because it is not easily got out neither can medicines so suddenly get into the nerves as into the veins for though the cold in the nerves may be easily cured by melting and dissolving by the comfortable warmth or violent heats from the hot cordial medicines which spread about the body as a great fire in a chimney which spreads about and heats all the room if the fire in the chimney be answerable to the bigness or largeness of the room it is in and the lesser the room is and the bigger the fire is the hotter it is wherefore it is to be considered that those that are at full growth or are larger of body if thus the diseased ought to have a greater proportion or a larger quantity of those medicines then a childe or those that are but little of stature for though those that are of little stature may be more stronger then those that are of a far bigger bulk yet in the cause of diffusing or dilating medicines the circumference of the body must be considered as well as the strength of the medicines and if the convulsion be in the stomach caused by the aforesaid humor purging medicines or cordials may cure it unless the stomach is gathered shrivell'd or shrunk up by an unnatural contracting heat like as leather that is put into the fire which when so the stomach can no more be cured then leather to be made smooth which is shrunk up in a purse by fire after the like manner as corvulsions or cramps but cramps most commonly are only contractions of the smal veins 〈◊〉 tie or twist them up many times so hard as they break for those that have been much troubled with the cramp wil have all the skin where the cramp hath taken them all stretch'd with broken veins I mean the small hair veins but rubbing the part grieved with a warm cloath will untie and untwist them again by dissolving the cold or dispersing the 〈◊〉 or rarifying the bloud therein this we 〈◊〉 by experience wherefore I should think that in convulsion fits that are 〈◊〉 by the like that if the diseased should be rubbed with hot cloaths outwardly applied as well as hot medicines inwardly taken it may do the patient much good But I must remember my Readers that in Convulsions the strength of the medicines inwardly taken must be according to the strength of the fits for if they be strong fits weak medicines do no good for more strength goeth to untie a hard knot then a loose knot or to untwist a hard string then a loose string besides it is hard to know after what manner the knot is tied or twisted and many indeed are so ignorant of medicines as the manner of the disease to apply such as shall hap of the right end as those which are cured by chance and chance hits so seldom right as not one of an hundred escapes of these kinde of diseases if the disease is any wayes violent for then the motions tie so fast and so strong as they break the life of that figure asunder There be natural contractions and unnatural contractions that is proper or improper to the health of the figure Chap. 197. Of Collicks ALL Collicks are towards the nature of Convulsions or at at least Cramps Some Collicks proceed from raw undigested humors Some from sharp melancolly humors Others from cold flegmatick humors Others from hot cholerick humors Others from putrified humors Some Collicks are in the stomach
others are in the bowels as the guts some in the sides and sometimes in the veins but those Collicks are Cramps but the cause of all Collicks are by extenuating motions though the effects are oft times contracting but if the cause be contracting it is a Cramp not a Collick for a Collick is properly winde produced from the aforesaid humors that is when those humors extenuate farther then a watry extenuation which turns into vapor or winde which vaporous winde or windy vapor striving to get vent being stopped by grosser vapor or thicker humor runs about in cross motions which cause pain for the extenuating motions thrusting outward and the resisting motions thrusting backward run cross or beat on each other which causeth pain and as long as the strife lasts the body hath no ease until some assistance in medicines be given or that it can over-master the resistent motions but when once it hath liberty it flies out in expulsive motions at all vents but if the extenuating humors are broke or dissolved in the body by the well tempered motion therein or expulsing of its self it evaporates through the pores of the body in insensible transpirations but if the extenuating can finde no way to be expulsed it gathers inward in small and smaller rings like a scrue drawing in the guts or stomach therein stopping the passages thereof whereby the body can neither receive nourishment nor send out excrement with which the body is brought to an utter destruction but these kinds of windes causing this distember this distemper is oft times produced from sharp hot cholerick humors which sharpness hath a natural contracting quality which is rather of the nature of a cramp or a convulsion then the nature of a collick howsoever expulsive medicines are good in these cases of diseases Convulsions are collicks in the nerves and cramps collicks in the veins and as the collick in the stomach or guts proceeds sometimes from winde and sometimes from crude bilious sharp humors so doth this Chap. 198. Of the diseases in the head and vapors to the head DIseases and swimming which are diseases belonging onely to the head differ as the motions and mixture and forms of matter differ for no disease although of one and the same sort is just alike but although these diseases belongs onely to the head yet the motions and humors of the stomach have greater affinity to the head and many times cause the diseases therein by the course and recourse thereto and therefrom for some humors falling from the head into the stomach do so disaffect that part as it returns more malignity up again and sometimes the stomach begins the war sending up such an army of ill vapors as many times they do not onely disorder the head but totally ruinate it but most commonly the vapors which ascend to the head are gathered by contracting motions into clouds as vapor is which ariseth from the earth and as long as the vapor is in a cloudy body it makes that part feel heavy and the senses dull by obstructions for it stops the nose dims the sight fills the ears blunts the taste and numbs the touch especially if the obstruction be caused from a cold contraction which congeals the vapor to an icy substance but when it is expulsed by a hot dilation it falls down like hail or flakes of snow by which I mean cold glassie flegme which cold flegme doth most commonly as snow doth which covers the face of the earth so this flegme covers as it were stops the mouth of the stomack and deads the appetite thereof but the danger is in these cold contractions that 〈◊〉 they should last too long they may cause numb palsies or the like and if contracted so as one may say christalined it may cause an incurable dead palsie but if it be disperst by a hot expulsion it is dissolved in thundring coughs or falls like pouring shoures of rain running through the spouts of the noise eyes and mouth and through the pores of the skin and sometimes falls into the cabberns or bowels of the body as the stomack and the intrals but if some of the floud-gats chance to be stopped by obstructions these shoures may chance to overflow the body and make an utter destruction otherwise it onely washes and clenses these parts but if vapor be gathered by a hot contraction they become sharp and salt as being of a burning quality and if they be disperst by a hot expulsion they fall down like a misling rain which hath a soaking and penetrating faculty cutting and piercing those parts they fall on by insensible degrees which rots the vital parts not onely by the sharpnesse which ulcerates but by a continuated unnatural weaknesse which if once the parts begin to decay which is the foundation the building must needs fall Chap. 199. Of catching cold ONe is apter to catch cold standing against a crevis or door or window then in a wide plain For narrow passages receive air as pipes do water though there comes in lesse quantity it passes with a greater force The like cause makes us catch cold after great heats by reason the pores of the body are extended there-with and are like so many windows set open which receive air with too great a force Chap. 200. Of the several motions in an animal body VVHen a body is in perfect health the motions therin do not onely work regularly and proportionably placing every part of matter rightly and properly mixing and tempering the matter as it should be or as I may say fittly that is when the quantity of matter or humour is proportionably and the motion moves equally for though every kinde or sort of motion may move evenly and keep just time yet not equally or harmoniously as for example say there were a company of musicians and every one played skilfuly justly tunable timely on the same notes yet may there be too many trebles for the tenor and bases or too many tenors for the trebles and bases and too many bases for the tenors and trebles to make a harmony So in the body there may be too much of one or more kinde of motions for other kindes to make a harmony of health as for proof too many contracting motions make the body too dry and contract diseases as for example instead of binding any thing we should break it by pulling or drawing too hard together or instead of joyning of parts we should knock them so close as to rivet or split them or instead of gathering such a quantity of matter or joyning such a number of parts we should gather twice or thrice the quantity or numbers of the like examples might be given for all other kinde of motions as dilating or expulsive instead of throwing out the 〈◊〉 or rubbish in a house we should pull down the house and disperse the materials therein digging up the foundation thereof Likewise too many dilating or expulsive motions may disperse or
l. 25. r. print p. 123. l. 6. r. foul p. 130. l. 6. r. dissolution and l. 27. add and swooning p. 143. l. 3. r. sensitive p. 144. l. 24. r. gold p. 148. l. 10. r. veines p. 149. l. 6. r. fursball p. 157. l. 18. blot out or quick and l. 42. r. as p. 158. l. 30. r. dry and l. 33. r. dry p. 160. l. 11. r. then p. 161. l. 19. r. are not all expulsive p. 162. l. 22. r. matter from the. FINIS I mean of Form dull Matter Some think there was a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 confused Heap The Readers may take either Opinion Several Motitions and severall Figures * Not the Matter but the Degrees * Not the 〈◊〉 of Figures but the manner of shapes which makes some shapes to have the advantage over others much bigger as a Mouse will kill an Elephant * Which is in Likenesse * Unlikenesse One Shape hath power over another one Minde knowes more then another Either by Growth or Sense or Reason For when Matter comes to such a degree it quickens That it begins to move and Motion is Life * I mean when I say Obstruct that it either turns their motion another way or makes them move slower * I do not say that bones are the solid'st matter in Nature * As the figure of man * All Motion 〈◊〉 Life I mean the Figure of dull matter As a plentiful Crop or a great Brood These degrees are visible to us Dancing is a measur'd Motion * Scorching is when the Motioh is too quick * That is when there come so many spirits as they disagree pressing upon one another * Those degrees that are neerest have the greatest Sympathy * Like Chess-men Table-men Nine-pins or the like * I say higher for expressions sake * Nothing can be made or known absolute out of Infinite and Eternal * Though it may mave oMotions yet not the Animal Motion * The Figure might be without an Animal Motion but an Animal motion cannot be untill there is an Animal Figure * Which food is when such Materials are not proper for such a Figure * The greater the number is the more variety of Motion is made which makes Figures in the brain * in Animal Shapes * To prove that it is the several Motion is that we shall have the same sense in our sleep either to move pleasure or feel pain * Like glasse * Natural power I say extract because it is the essence of matter This for example Drawing motions Driving m tions Bearing motions Throwing striking darting motions Lofty motions Low 〈◊〉 Conjunction of those different motions First the earth bears Vegetables and the plants bear seed and the seed and earth bear Vegetables again Unlesse a greater power destroy it before the natural time Life is in every thing It is but one thing but three words That is to weaken the degree Fish is a kind of flesh The yolk and white is mixt into one substance which we call an adle egge before it be a 〈◊〉 it is bloody T is a lump of flesh before it be bone or sinew And then it is no metamorphosing I shal declare And then it is called a new creature rather then a metamorphosed creature c. Which circular lines I shal expresse hereafter I mean natural extenuations As the pores of the skin Oyl hot-waters wine vitrals aquafortis From earth to water * As thns Or rather like flame As if an Ani mal creature should be pulled and dragged out of ' its natural garb I mean here the exterior nature not the interior nature I mean the heaviest metal to the hardest stone as gold to diamonds or tin or lead to a soft stone * As Vessels wherein water is put and fire underneath This sort of contraction is drawing inward Those sorts are falling backward The contracting motions too strong for the expulsive motions Yet there are but few bodies that are not overcome at last I mean the matter that made it As several men will as peace among neighbours and friends I say aptest not as they do I speak this as a comparison for I know the sun is much bigger then the earth As we say dead I thimk them to be Animals I say natural because there are metamorphosed elements If one powers water on the ground it flows with a Convex In a pear figure See my chapter of Fame Sound enters into all hollow places as well as into the Animal ear I call 〈◊〉 natural that are propper to the figure Fethers wool hair and the like which are neither liquid 〈◊〉 nor wet onely soft and sympathy All animals are not of one shape And as a man may pick a hole through the wall so water will pick a passage through the earth I mean all exterior motions Which moves in figures like dancing The world is presented like a popitplay in the head a Sleep nonrisheth and gives health and strength b Nourishment c Healing decayes 〈◊〉 Strengthening Knitting the muscles nervs and the like Urin to the bladder Excrements into the guts Vapors The innate matter can move slower then their strength or natural agilnesse but not above nor beyond their natural strength and agilnesse I call that matter so 〈◊〉 distinction * As we finde in Churches and caves made hollow arched a noise sounds loudest Lines of light may be made by the sensisitive spirits on the side of the optick nerve as on the outside as in sleep All innate matter is as the minde or life of nature All without outward help The property of each sense Fools have lesse rational innated matter in their braines then those that are wise * As for touch the pores of the flesh are like harpsical keys and the nerves like the wyer strings 〈◊〉 move when those keyes are touch'd which cause pleasure or pain like discord or harmony according as they are struck or plaid upon The head ake is different from the tooth ake or stomack ake and so every 〈◊〉 be it never so small differs As sauces may be equally mixt with several sorts of things as none can tast any one thing in it Like the over flowing of banks Ebbing from the mouth of the stomack as from the river Like low marshy grounds * I think it is rar fied vapor because it is so easily dispersed The stronger motions forceth the weaker to their wayes As on the opticks or as on the drum of the ear the pia mater or the skin for touch and taste As to see hear taste touch smell that which is not present or perhaps not in nature * Figures of innated matter In mad fits * If I mistake not Which is corrupt humors As a sound body Surfets or unholsom meats The stronger motions over power the the weaker Some dayes the body 〈◊〉 better then others so in an hour or half an hour As hot and dry Cordials As to draw every day an ounce or two as long as the violence of the discase lasts I meane there interior strength * As by letting bloud or the like Yet it is first caused by other distempered motions before they come to be distempered expulsions There are hot expulsions and cold expulsions and hot contractions and cold contractions As witnesse the frost and ice The like of other kinde of motions See in the chap of extenuations of water Sometimes longer and some times shorter For as long as the humor remains the 〈◊〉 are repeated Winde Collick A bilious Collick Cramps oft times taken for Collicks * Rheums * Sweats I have treated of the several sorts of fire That is when it works and converts a thinner substance to its own nature But bound about with straight smooth lines without as to the circumference As a flint hard suger brimstone or the like * That which is most apt to I mean purning motions Restraining motions Attractive motion Restoring motion * The humor that staies behiude We may hear a tune so often repeated that it may grow hateful although delightful at first