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and_o for_o tree_n or_o plant_n that_o shoot_v much_o in_o a_o year_n for_o it_o yield_v a_o great_a fume_v and_o such_o plant_n can_v well_o dispose_v of_o it_o cowdung_n be_v a_o good_a soil_n for_o most_o tree_n or_o plant_n of_o hot_a ground_n and_o better_a for_o durable_a plant_n than_o it_o be_v for_o annual_n it_o be_v excellent_a for_o many_o sort_n of_o rare_a flower_n if_o first_o it_o be_v thorow-rotten_a and_o then_o dry_v and_o beat_v to_o dust_n and_o some_o fresh_a fine_a earth_n then_o mix_v well_o with_o it_o deers-dung_n be_v much_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o cow_n or_o bullock_n but_o it_o be_v more_o proper_a for_o tender_a and_o small_a plant_n sheeps-dung_n be_v also_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o more_o agreeable_a to_o tender_v and_o small_a seed_n and_o plant_n by_o this_o our_o yeoman_n and_o farmer_n find_v good_a profit_n by_o fold_v their_o sheep_n every_o night_n on_o their_o own_o land_n for_o there_o they_o find_v a_o far_o certain_a benefit_n on_o 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lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n at_o the_o most_o convenient_a time_n first_o as_o to_o the_o ground_n i_o have_v hint_v at_o many_o useful_a compost_n and_o also_o that_o several_a of_o they_o be_v far_o more_o proper_a for_o some_o ground_n than_o they_o be_v for_o other_o though_o there_o be_v many_o more_o sort_n that_o may_v be_v and_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o very_o good_a effect_n yet_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o nor_o you_o with_o the_o name_v any_o more_o know_v that_o he_o that_o understand_v to_o number_v to_o 20_o in_o arithmetic_n may_v soon_o count_v to_o a_o 100_o now_o as_o to_o the_o seed_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v whether_o it_o be_v of_o tree_n plant_n or_o any_o sort_n of_o grain_n the_o small_a your_o seed_n be_v make_v the_o ground_n the_o fine_a the_o quick_a your_o seed_n be_v of_o growth_n and_o the_o more_o they_o run_v into_o stalk_n or_o leaf_n your_o dung_n may_v then_o be_v the_o new_a and_o strong_a and_o the_o more_o in_o quantity_n according_a to_o the_o digestion_n of_o your_o plant_n but_o if_o for_o tree_n or_o plant_n of_o long_a last_a then_o let_v the_o dung_n be_v the_o more_o rot_a and_o the_o more_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o shoot_v great_a shoot_n the_o more_o you_o may_v allow_v they_o but_o let_v they_o be_v sure_a of_o some_o such_o ground_n as_o they_o natural_o delight_v to_o grow_v in_o and_o also_o to_o allow_v they_o room_n that_o be_v large_a enough_o for_o high_a and_o lofty_a spirit_n do_v not_o love_v to_o be_v confine_v to_o little_a and_o small_a cottage_n and_o as_o for_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n if_o the_o time_n be_v the_o spring_n that_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o sow_v your_o seed_n then_o lay_v such_o dung_n as_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a early_a on_o your_o ground_n and_o rather_o err_v in_o too_o little_a than_o too_o much_o such_o dung_n as_o be_v your_o pigeon_n hen_n sea-coal-ash_n etc._n etc._n but_o if_o they_o be_v hot_a and_o moist_a such_o as_o horse-dung_n horselitter_n or_o green_a grass_n hay_o etc._n etc._n these_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o annual_n and_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o be_v too_o spare_v towards_o these_o tender_a plant_n rather_o err_v in_o keep_v your_o dung_n too_o dry_a than_o too_o wet_a for_o in_o so_o do_v you_o shall_v keep_v its_o heat_n the_o long_o and_o have_v the_o more_o command_n to_o keep_v it_o so_o but_o if_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o lay_v dung_n on_o ground_n to_o help_v such_o tree_n or_o plant_n as_o be_v not_o annual_a but_o more_o slow_a in_o their_o progress_n then_o mix_v such_o dung_n thin_a and_o not_o too_o near_o the_o root_n but_o if_o it_o be_v the_o autumn_n season_n that_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o land_n then_o lay_v it_o something_o thick_a for_o the_o winter_n will_v qualify_v the_o strength_n and_o heat_n of_o it_o to_o conclude_v if_o you_o be_v to_o lay_v dung_n on_o land_n that_o you_o be_v to_o sow_v with_o seed_n that_o do_v not_o run_v much_o into_o stalk_n and_o be_v but_o slow_a in_o grow_v then_o do_v as_o our_o farmer_n do_v let_v it_o be_v rot_v and_o mix_v well_o with_o mould_n before_o you_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o land_n and_o then_o your_o grain_n or_o seed_n will_v the_o better_o agree_v with_o it_o or_o else_o you_o may_v find_v on_o your_o land_n strong_a great_a weed_n such_o as_o the_o ground_n be_v most_o incline_v to_o for_o strong_a land_n will_v produce_v the_o strong_a weed_n and_o the_o other_o contrary_n therefore_o if_o your_o dung_n be_v too_o rank_a and_o new_a for_o the_o seed_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v your_o ground_n with_o then_o mix_v it_o with_o some_o other_o compost_n as_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o your_o land_n and_o most_o convenient_a to_o be_v have_v and_o if_o your_o land_n be_v stiff_a then_o mix_v it_o with_o chalk_n light_v sandy_a ground_n or_o somewhat_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n lay_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o earth_n first_o than_o your_o dung_n and_o then_o earth_n to_o cover_v your_o dung_n all_o over_o by_o so_o do_v you_o will_v save_v that_o oily_a water_n which_o will_v soak_v from_o the_o dung_n by_o shower_n of_o rain_n into_o the_o earth_n under_o the_o dung_n and_o by_o cover_v your_o dung_n with_o earth_n it_o will_v keep_v the_o sun_n from_o dry_v out_o that_o moisture_n and_o whatever_o fume_n arise_v the_o earth_n on_o the_o top_n will_v receive_v be_v sure_a you_o let_v it_o not_o grow_v with_o weed_n on_o the_o top_n but_o when_o you_o find_v they_o to_o appear_v take_v they_o off_o and_o suffer_v none_o to_o grow_v on_o your_o compost_n or_o turn_v it_o over_o and_o mix_v it_o with_o your_o earth_n below_o however_o let_v it_o be_v mix_v together_o before_o you_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o land_n thus_o do_v with_o new_a horse-dung_n and_o litter_n but_o if_o it_o be_v any_o other_o dung_n lay_v it_o on_o your_o land_n as_o soon_o as_o opportunity_n serve_v for_o the_o long_o you_o let_v it_o lie_v the_o more_o it_o lose_v of_o its_o strength_n therefore_o lay_v it_o on_o rather_o too_o thin_a and_o in_o dry_a weather_n and_o early_o to_o assist_v nature_n do_v thou_o not_o neglect_v use_v she_o not_o rough_o lest_o there_o be_v defect_n thus_o much_o may_v serve_v for_o tree_n but_o if_o it_o be_v for_o flower_n or_o other_o fine_a and_o tender_a plant_n you_o then_o must_v be_v more_o curious_a and_o mix_v your_o earth_n better_o but_o they_o be_v out_o of_o my_o road_n at_o this_o time_n the_o main_a business_n be_v to_o prepare_v your_o ground_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v room_n for_o the_o root_n to_o run_v in_o to_o fetch_v their_o nourishment_n as_o for_o tree_n and_o plant_n that_o root_v deep_a trench_v your_o ground_n according_o etc._n etc._n now_o for_o to_o please_v the_o tree_n or_o plant_n with_o such_o earth_n as_o it_o delight_v to_o be_v in_o add_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o dung_n as_o may_v be_v suitable_a to_o the_o growth_n of_o your_o tree_n or_o plant_n thereby_o to_o make_v a_o fume_n to_o feed_v it_o for_o let_v this_o fume_n be_v make_v of_o what_o it_o will_v for-my_a part_n i_o shall_v not_o contend_v whether_o it_o be_v salt_n sulphur_n or_o mercury_n or_o as_o some_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v salt_n sulphur_n mercury_n and_o spirit_n all_o or_o any_o one_o of_o these_o that_o feed_v the_o plant_n of_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n or_o if_o it_o be_v fire_n earth_n water_n or_o air_n as_o be_v former_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a for_o sulphur_n or_o brimstone_n may_v answer_v to_o fire_n salt_n to_o the_o earth_n mercury_n to_o water_n spirit_n to_o air._n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o
plant_n have_v salt_n sulphur_n mercury_n and_o spirit_n in_o they_o some_o more_o than_o other_o according_a to_o their_o heat_n or_o coldness_n but_o that_o they_o feed_v on_o these_o be_v not_o certain_a to_o i_o but_o it_o be_v as_o i_o conceive_v the_o fume_v steam_n or_o more_o proper_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o they_o feed_v on_o for_o the_o earth_n be_v full_a of_o spirit_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o vast_a many_o production_n of_o plant_n and_o infect_v which_o be_v produce_v every_o year_n and_o from_o no_o seed_n or_o sperm_n but_o according_a to_o the_o fit_a matrix_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o star-fire_n and_o virgin_n mercury_n their_o dame_n nature_n be_v then_o busy_a to_o make_v some_o plant_n or_o insect_n according_a as_o she_o have_v provide_v a_o breast_n to_o suckle_v and_o feed_v they_o the_o earth_n be_v then_o but_o only_o a_o lodging-place_n and_o simple_a water_n be_v only_o its_o garment_n for_o simple_a crude_a water_n feed_v nothing_o but_o be_v rather_o destructive_a as_o be_v see_v by_o water_n that_o run_v forth_o on_o a_o gravel_n and_o the_o stream_n quick_a there_o be_v feldome_o good_a meadow_n by_o such_o river_n unless_o there_o be_v some_o town_n that_o wash_v itself_o into_o the_o river_n or_o good_a rich_a land_n or_o lane_n or_o the_o like_a your_o spring-water_n unless_o it_o have_v some_o assistance_n be_v the_o like_a but_o of_o water_n see_v more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o example_n of_o earth_n by_o which_o you_o may_v well_o perceive_v that_o plant_n do_v not_o feed_v on_o simple_a earth_n nor_o crude_a water_n my_o lord_n be_v the_o author_n that_o tell_v i_o this_o and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n do_v permit_v i_o i_o then_o do_v try_v the_o experiment_n which_o be_v thus_o perform_v i_o take_v out_o of_o a_o hill_n of_o good_a rich_a fresh_a earth_n which_o i_o have_v prepare_v for_o other_o thing_n some_o of_o the_o dry_v somewhat_o above_o a_o good_a large_a flowerpot_n full_a this_o i_o carry_v into_o a_o little_a room_n which_o i_o have_v at_o hadham-hall_n it_o join_v upon_o the_o bakehouse_n there_o i_o spread_v this_o earth_n thin_a upon_o the_o shelf_n now_o and_o then_o turn_v it_o till_o it_o be_v as_o dry_a as_o dust_n and_o as_o i_o think_v as_o dry_a as_o it_o well_o can_v be_v provide_v it_o be_v not_o burn_v have_v thus_o prepare_v my_o earth_n i_o fill_v a_o flowerpot_n with_o it_o which_o pot_n and_o earth_n thus_o fill_v weigh_v as_o exact_o as_o i_o can_v weigh_v it_o just_a eighteen_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a march_z approaching_z in_o the_o year_n 1666_o i_o put_v this_o pot_n into_o a_o hot_a bed_n to_o secure_v the_o seed_n and_o withal_o to_o help_v forward_o my_o design_n to_o preserve_v they_o the_o seed_n be_v purslain_a which_o i_o sow_v in_o it_o the_o quantity_n be_v very_o small_a i_o keep_v this_o pot_n in_o hot_a bed_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o may_n and_o then_o i_o set_v it_o under_o a_o south_n wall_n where_o it_o stand_v till_o that_o month_n be_v out_o and_o then_o i_o set_v it_o in_o the_o shade_n from_o the_o meridian_n sun_n there_o it_o stand_v till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o august_n and_o then_o find_v my_o plant_n full_a of_o seed_n and_o at_o a_o stand_n i_o then_o cut_v up_o the_o purslain_a close_o to_o the_o ground_n at_o noontime_n when_o it_o be_v very_o dry_a and_o weigh_v the_o purslain_a as_o exact_o as_o i_o can_v and_o it_o weigh_v just_a six_o pound_n two_o ounce_n then_o i_o take_v the_o pot_n of_o earth_n and_o set_v it_o in_o a_o south_n window_n in_o a_o banquet_a house_n to_o dry_a turn_v the_o earth_n to_o the_o sun_n to_o dry_v out_o some_o of_o the_o moisture_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v wet_a for_o i_o have_v keep_v this_o pot_n with_o water_v all_o the_o summer_n as_o occasion_v serve_v then_o i_o take_v this_o pot_n of_o earth_n and_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o little_a room_n to_o dry_v the_o earth_n as_o i_o do_v before_o and_o put_v some_o of_o the_o earth_n into_o a_o box_n and_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o pot_n i_o make_v it_o as_o dry_a as_o it_o well_o can_v be_v or_o at_o least_o as_o dry_a as_o it_o be_v when_o i_o sow_v my_o seed_n in_o it_o and_o then_o put_v all_o my_o earth_n into_o the_o pot_n again_o i_o weigh_v it_o as_o exact_o as_o i_o have_v do_v before_o and_o then_o the_o pot_n and_o the_o earth_n weight_v just_o eighteen_o pound_n and_o seven_o ounce_n there_o be_v i_o confess_v the_o root_n of_o the_o purslain_a but_o when_o they_o be_v dry_v i_o do_v believe_v they_o do_v not_o weigh_v one_o ounce_n and_o this_o one_o ounce_n that_o it_o lose_v of_o weight_n may_v be_v earth_n dash_v over_o with_o ra_n now_o these_o plant_n weigh_v so_o much_o and_o the_o earth_n waste_v or_o decrease_v in_o its_o weight_n so_o little_a do_v plain_o show_v that_o plant_n do_v not_o feed_v only_o on_o earth_n for_o i_o do_v believe_v this_o that_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v 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bank_n into_o a_o marsh_n of_o my_o father_n in_o lincolnshire_n and_o do_v overflow_v that_o marsh_n and_o some_o other_o with_o salt_n sea-water_n the_o next_o summer_n prove_v dry_a all_o our_o grass_n be_v clear_o burn_v up_o so_o that_o i_o be_v very_o much_o concern_v for_o some_o particular_a reason_n think_v that_o all_o our_o grass_n have_v be_v quite_o kill_v and_o indeed_o so_o it_o appear_v the_o next_o summer_n prove_v wet_a so_o that_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n we_o have_v some_o grass_n again_o and_o the_o three_o summer_n we_o have_v grass_n enough_o but_o the_o four_o and_o many_o after_o in_o abundance_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v the_o ground_n be_v stupefy_v with_o too_o much_o kindness_n at_o first_o but_o after_o the_o rain_n have_v allay_v the_o too_o much_o strength_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n than_o the_o grass_n can_v well_o digest_v the_o gentle_a fume_v i_o will_v have_v those_o that_o lay_v salt_n on_o their_o gravel-walks_a to_o kill_v their_o weed_n 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the_o weak_a your_o ground_n make_v your_o water_n the_o strong_a there_o be_v in_o some_o place_n in_o farmer_n yard_n a_o water_n that_o wash_v from_o their_o dunghill_n a_o load_n of_o which_o be_v not_o inferior_a to_o a_o load_n of_o dung_n yet_o by_o they_o total_o neglect_v but_o of_o water_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n thus_o have_v hint_v of_o these_o two_o useful_a and_o common_a dung_n cow_n and_o horse_n in_o the_o example_n of_o these_o line-tree_n only_o observe_v this_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v proceed_v horse-dung_n be_v best_a for_o plant_n that_o be_v quick_a of_o digestion_n and_o growth_n
top-heavy_a you_o may_v safe_o cut_v off_o small_a branch_n and_o prune_v small_a tree_n at_o this_o summer-season_n and_o for_o such_o tree_n as_o have_v a_o great_a pith_n as_o the_o ash_n and_o walnut_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o best_a time_n for_o they_o and_o whereas_o some_o say_v to_o the_o contrary_a yet_o if_o the_o reader_n will_v be_v advise_v by_o i_o let_v he_o prune_v such_o in_o summer_n but_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n forbear_v to_o prune_v most_o tree_n especial_o great_a bough_n or_o such_o tree_n as_o have_v a_o great_a pith_n or_o tender_a for_o then_o the_o wound_n lie_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n and_o wet_a and_o frost_n come_v upon_o the_o wet_a and_o pierce_v so_o far_o into_o the_o wound_a place_n as_o the_o wet_a have_v go_v kill_v the_o wood_n and_o make_v a_o hole_n in_o that_o place_n and_o that_o hole_n hold_v water_n many_o time_n kill_v many_o a_o good_a tree_n especial_o where_o great_a bough_n be_v take_v off_o for_o they_o be_v 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height_n and_o have_v so_o distribute_v the_o sap_n that_o they_o be_v little_a worth_n but_o for_o the_o fire_n when_o if_o they_o have_v be_v prune_v up_o as_o be_v before_o direct_v you_o may_v have_v have_v the_o same_o height_n of_o good_a timber_n which_o how_o much_o more_o profitable_a it_o will_v be_v and_o also_o beautiful_a i_o leave_v to_o any_o man_n judgement_n the_o ash_n and_o beech_n cover_v the_o wound_a place_n over_o soon_o and_o seldom_o break_v out_o many_o side-bough_n the_o elm_n very_o frequent_o break_v out_o side-bough_n yet_o will_v arrive_v to_o a_o great_a height_n of_o good_a timber_n the_o oak_n be_v a_o little_a subject_n to_o break_v out_o side-bough_n and_o though_o a_o slow_a grower_n yet_o by_o its_o own_o hardness_n of_o his_o wood_n he_o preserve_v himself_o well_o till_o it_o have_v overgrow_v the_o wound_a place_n which_o it_o will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n do_v if_o your_o tree_n be_v young_a and_o thrive_a and_o the_o bough_n not_o very_o 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on_o the_o side_n of_o your_o tree_n close_o to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n do_v thus_o two_o or_o three_o year_n together_o and_o you_o will_v find_v every_o year_n the_o side-bough_n to_o be_v few_o and_o few_o till_o you_o have_v a_o clear_a body_n beautiful_a to_o behold_v and_o profitable_a for_o as_o good_a timber_n thirty_o or_o forty_o foot_n or_o more_o which_o otherwise_o will_v not_o have_v be_v a_o quarter_n so_o high_a thus_o may_v you_o make_v a_o elm_n which_o be_v a_o tree_n most_o subject_a to_o break_v out_o side-bough_n as_o clear_v from_o bough_n forty_o or_o fifty_o foot_n high_a as_o they_o be_v your_o oak_n that_o be_v young_a you_o may_v easy_o master_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o clear_a body_n though_o it_o be_v some_o what_o troublesome_a in_o wood_n yet_o in_o hedgrowes_a it_o may_v be_v practise_v with_o ease_n or_o in_o walk_n or_o on_o single_a oak_n but_o our_o yeoman_n and_o farmer_n be_v too_o much_o subject_n to_o spoil_v such_o tree_n as_o will_v make_v our_o best_a oak_n by_o head_v they_o and_o make_v they_o pollard_n i_o wish_v there_o be_v as_o strict_a a_o law_n as_o can_v be_v make_v to_o punish_v those_o that_o do_v presume_v to_o head_n a_o oak_n the_o king_n of_o wood_n though_o it_o be_v on_o their_o own_o land_n by_o this_o mean_n we_o shall_v have_v the_o farmer_n that_o be_v scant_v in_o wood_n by_o often_o prune_v off_o the_o side-bough_n make_v many_o fine_a tree_n than_o now_o there_o be_v for_o in_o such_o place_n there_o be_v great_a food_n to_o make_v he_o a_o great_a tree_n and_o then_o in_o coppice_n if_o you_o let_v a_o tree_n stand_v to_o be_v very_o great_a it_o spoil_v many_o a_o young_a one_o and_o also_o your_o under-wood_n but_o methinks_v i_o hear_v some_o oppose_v i_o say_v that_o by_o so_o prune_v up_o of_o tree_n they_o do_v not_o prove_v so_o well_o for_o the_o joiner_n carpenter_n wheeler_n etc._n etc._n for_o they_o say_v if_o the_o tree_n do_v overgrow_v the_o knot_n when_o they_o come_v to_o cleave_v such_o a_o tree_n that_o place_n prove_v faulty_a within_o and_o the_o timber_n be_v not_o so_o good_a second_o they_o say_v that_o cut_v off_o the_o side-bough_n make_v tree_n more_o knotty_a three_o they_o say_v that_o it_o make_v a_o tree_n decay_v soon_o to_o these_o three_o objection_n i_o shall_v answer_v and_o then_o hasten_v to_o conclude_v and_o so_o leave_v my_o belove_a oak_n i_o do_v grant_v that_o if_o the_o knot_n be_v great_a though_o the_o tree_n be_v young_a and_o thrive_a and_o have_v cover_v the_o place_n over_o well_o if_o you_o come_v to_o see_v out_o such_o tree_n for_o plank_n board_n or_o wainscot_n that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o defect_n there_o where_o great_a bough_n be_v cut_v off_o but_o suppose_v there_o be_v you_o have_v still_o the_o same_o length_n clear_a timber_n at_o the_o low_a end_n as_o you_o will_v have_v have_v if_o these_o bough_n have_v not_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o then_o by_o prune_v up_o your_o tree_n they_o grow_v straight_a and_o your_o tree_n carry_v a_o great_a length_n of_o timber_n useful_a for_o beam_n summer_n raise_v wallplat_n rafter_n joyce_n etc._n etc._n and_o how_o much_o timber_n these_o spend_v more_o than_o the_o other_o viz._n board_n and_o wainscot_n etc._n etc._n i_o leave_v you_o to_o determine_v but_o my_o advice_n be_v not_o to_o let_v your_o bough_n be_v great_a but_o take_v they_o off_o from_o such_o tree_n while_o young_a and_o then_o the_o bough_n will_v be_v young_a and_o small_a and_o such_o tree_n will_v cover_v such_o place_n in_o a_o little_a time_n and_o these_o small_a knot_n will_v not_o
to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o the_o tree_n love_v and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o soil_n so_o do_v the_o tree_n increase_v in_o these_o circle_n and_o growth_n in_o all_o part_n between_o these_o annual_a circle_n do_v some_o sap_n rise_v as_o be_v plain_a in_o a_o tree_n that_o be_v bark_v round_o for_o that_o tree_n shall_v put_v forth_o leave_v and_o increase_n in_o body_n but_o produce_v little_a or_o no_o shoot_n and_o the_o more_o porous_a the_o tree_n be_v between_o these_o annual_a circle_n the_o long_a that_o tree_n will_v live_v as_o accidental_o i_o have_v have_v it_o experiment_v on_o walnut-tree_n ash_n etc._n etc._n and_o they_o have_v continue_v sometime_o two_o year_n and_o sometime_o near_o three_o before_o they_o have_v die_v when_o they_o have_v be_v bark_v quite_o round_o the_o stem_n a_o foot_n or_o more_o and_o by_o way_n of_o experiment_n i_o cut_v off_o the_o bark_n from_o a_o holly-tree_n and_o a_o box-tree_n about_o half_a a_o foot_n clean_o 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and_o a_o mallet_n cut_v a_o slit_n almost_o as_o deep_a as_o the_o very_a pith_n under_o some_o bough_n or_o branch_n of_o a_o well-spreading_a birch_n cut_v it_o oblique_a and_o not_o long-waye_n insert_v a_o small_a stone_n or_o chip_n to_o keep_v the_o lip_n of_o the_o wound_v a_o little_a open_a fasten_v thereto_o a_o bottle_n or_o some_o other_o convenient_a vessel_n appendant_a out_o of_o this_o aperture_n will_v extill_o a_o limphid_v and_o clear_a water_n retain_v a_o obscure_a smack_n both_o of_o the_o taste_n and_o odour_n of_o the_o tree_n thus_o may_v you_o obtain_v this_o water_n i_o will_v present_v you_o a_o receipt_n how_o to_o make_v it_o as_o
show_v the_o best_a way_n for_o improve_n your_o ground_n presume_v that_o every_o man_n that_o fence_v in_o a_o ground_n will_v plant_v as_o many_o tree_n as_o he_o can_v in_o it_o let_v such_o but_o mind_n what_o i_o have_v deliver_v and_o what_o i_o shall_v deliver_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v satisfactory_a to_o he_o if_o it_o be_v it_o will_v be_v the_o like_a to_o i_o but_o what_o order_n soever_o you_o plant_v your_o tree_n in_o make_v your_o hole_n good_a before_o set_v not_o your_o tree_n too_o deep_a and_o keep_v they_o stake_v the_o first_o year_n cover_v the_o ground_n over_o the_o root_n with_o some_o litter_n or_o dung_n and_o over_o that_o a_o little_a mould_n to_o keep_v the_o sun_n from_o burn_v the_o dung_n and_o exhaust_v the_o strength_n in_o the_o spring_n walk_v over_o the_o ground_n you_o plant_v in_o winter_n and_o set_v your_o tree_n to_o right_a and_o tread_v the_o mould_n to_o the_o root_n especial_o if_o the_o spring_n be_v dry_a keep_v all_o the_o crack_v fill_v with_o mould_n after_o your_o tree_n be_v set_v keep_v your_o ground_n with_o dig_v or_o plough_v for_o three_o or_o four_o year_n at_o first_o but_o the_o long_o the_o better_o your_o tree_n will_v run_v and_o thrive_v in_o the_o loose_a ground_n much_o but_o if_o you_o do_v not_o so_o much_o mind_n order_n in_o plant_v but_o will_v keep_v your_o land_n for_o corn_n and_o yet_o will_v glad_o have_v fruit-tree_n too_o which_o may_v very_o well_o be_v and_o you_o may_v have_v good_a store_n of_o fruit_n and_o not_o much_o the_o less_o corn_n then_o plant_v your_o row_v about_o thirty_o foot_n asunder_o the_o long_a way_n of_o your_o ground_n and_o set_v the_o tree_n in_o the_o row_v about_o 15_o foot_n asunder_o and_o let_v the_o tree_n in_o each_o row_n stand_v exact_o square_a so_o may_v you_o have_v a_o very_a fine_a orchard_n and_o little_a or_o nothing_o the_o less_o corn_n many_o year_n may_v you_o have_v as_o much_o fruit_n as_o be_v worth_a a_o good_a crop_n of_o corn_n off_o so_o much_o land_n and_o not_o the_o less_o corn_n which_o may_v well_o encourage_v you_o to_o plant_v if_o you_o dare_v believe_v i_o but_o if_o not_o be_v but_o so_o kind_a to_o yourself_o and_o i_o as_o to_o try_v whether_o i_o tell_v truth_n not_o be_v sure_a to_o keep_v cow_n out_o of_o your_o young_a orchard_n sheep_n will_v do_v no_o harm_n provide_v you_o wisp_n your_o tree_n about_o with_o thum-band_n while_o young_a which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o the_o destructive_a hare_n and_o coney_n chap._n xxxiv_o of_o prune_v tree_n some_o general_a observation_n although_o i_o have_v show_v you_o how_o to_o prune_v most_o sort_n of_o tree_n in_o each_o chapter_n where_o i_o show_v you_o how_o to_o raise_v they_o yet_o i_o shall_v say_v a_o little_a more_o and_o all_o will_v be_v too_o little_a for_o the_o curate_n of_o henonville_n tell_v you_o in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o order_v fruit-tree_n that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o rare_a among_o gardener_n to_o prune_n tree_n well_o for_o the_o do_v of_o it_o well_o depend_v more_o upon_o their_o ingenuity_n than_o upon_o their_o hand_n it_o be_v also_o very_o hard_o to_o give_v instruction_n for_o it_o because_o it_o consist_v not_o in_o certain_a and_o general_a maxim_n but_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o particular_a circumstance_n of_o each_o tree_n so_o that_o it_o depend_v absolute_o upon_o the_o gardener_n prudence_n who_o ought_v of_o himself_o to_o judge_v what_o branch_n must_v be_v leave_v and_o which_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v cut_v away_o etc._n etc._n indeed_o that_o erroneous_a custom_n and_o say_v which_o be_v among_o most_o man_n of_o timber-tree_n not_o to_o prune_v they_o at_o all_o or_o if_o you_o do_v to_o cut_v off_o the_o bough_n at_o distance_n from_o the_o body_n have_v make_v many_o a_o good_a fruit-tree_n lose_v its_o life_n soon_o by_o many_o year_n than_o it_o will_v have_v do_v and_o also_o have_v yield_v to_o the_o owner_n much_o less_o and_o worse_a fruit_n than_o it_o will_v have_v do_v therefore_o whatsoever_o bough_n you_o cut_v off_o from_o fruit_n or_o forrest-tree_n cut_v it_o close_o and_o smooth_a and_o the_o low_a side_n close_a then_o will_v it_o not_o hold_v water_n and_o every_o year_n the_o bark_n will_v surround_v and_o overgrow_v the_o wound_n by_o little_a and_o little_a till_o it_o have_v quite_o heal_v the_o place_n but_o if_o you_o leave_v a_o stump_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o will_v hold_v water_n and_o make_v a_o hole_n into_o the_o very_a body_n of_o your_o tree_n and_o so_o in_o little_a time_n make_v it_o sick_a and_o kill_v it_o which_o before_o will_v bear_v you_o but_o little_a and_o poor_a fruit_n or_o if_o the_o stump_n hang_v down_o so_o that_o it_o do_v not_o hold_v wet_a than_o the_o tree_n must_v be_v as_o big_a as_o that_o stump_n be_v long_o on_o all_o side_n before_o it_o can_v overgrow_v that_o place_n or_o if_o the_o stump_n rot_v and_o break_v off_o than_o many_o time_n it_o leave_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o tree_n which_o if_o it_o tend_v much_o upward_a so_o that_o it_o take_v water_n it_o certain_o kill_v the_o tree_n and_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v not_o a_o very_a thrive_a tree_n it_o will_v be_v very_o long_o before_o it_o overgrowes_a that_o hole_n though_o it_o do_v not_o take_v wet_a therefore_o what_o bough_n you_o cut_v off_o cut_v they_o off_o close_o unless_o the_o tree_n be_v very_o old_a and_o the_o bough_n great_a such_o i_o do_v not_o advise_v you_o to_o meddle_v with_o but_o if_o you_o do_v cut_v they_o at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o body_n always_o remember_v to_o let_v the_o wound_n be_v smooth_a and_o to_o tend_v as_o much_o from_o the_o horizon_n as_o may_v be_v all_o bough_n that_o grow_v upright_o be_v they_o great_a or_o little_a cut_v they_o not_o right_o cross_v over_o but_o cut_v they_o slope_v upward_o and_o let_v the_o slope_n aspect_n the_o south_n east_n or_o west_n if_o it_o may_v be_v and_o in_o those_o bough_n that_o lean_a from_o the_o head_n cut_v the_o slope_n on_o the_o low_a side_n the_o slope_n tend_v downward_o so_o will_v they_o cover_v over_o the_o better_a if_o the_o wound_n be_v great_a cover_n it_o over_o with_o some_o clay_n well_o mix_v with_o horse-dung_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o the_o weather_n and_o it_o will_v cover_v over_o the_o soon_o many_o a_o good_a tree_n be_v spoil_v by_o graft_v of_o it_o in_o bad_a place_n as_o i_o have_v see_v in_o some_o hundred_o of_o which_o i_o have_v not_o spare_v as_o oft_o as_o i_o can_v to_o tell_v the_o owner_n but_o few_o will_v believe_v i_o for_o sometime_o they_o cut_v off_o great_a bough_n till_o they_o come_v to_o 6_o inch_n or_o thereabouts_o diameter_n there_o they_o put_v in_o four_o or_o six_o graft_n in_o the_o bark_n and_o sometime_o two_o in_o the_o clift_n and_o see_v the_o bough_n right_o cross_v over_o though_o it_o grow_v upright_o in_o which_o if_o the_o graft_n do_v grow_v the_o head_n be_v so_o great_a and_o they_o grow_v round_o as_o it_o be_v endeavour_v to_o cover_v over_o the_o wound_n make_v such_o a_o hollow_a place_n like_o a_o dish_n on_o the_o head_n as_o holds_z water_n and_o kill_v the_o tree_n which_o be_v many_o time_n dead_a before_o the_o graft_n can_v cover_v over_o the_o head_n or_o if_o the_o tree_n do_v not_o thrive_v very_o well_o they_o keep_v that_o place_n will_v cover_v with_o loom_n or_o clay_n mix_v with_o horse-dung_n and_o sometime_o they_o head_n the_o tree_n very_o low_a and_o thereby_o check_v it_o so_o much_o that_o it_o die_v in_o little_a time_n after_o sometime_o they_o cut_v off_o such_o great_a bough_n and_o do_v it_o so_o ill_a that_o though_o the_o head_n grow_v yet_o in_o little_a time_n these_o wound_n kill_v the_o tree_n though_o i_o shall_v not_o here_o teach_v you_o how_o to_o graft_v yet_o let_v i_o advise_v you_o when_o you_o graft_v high_a great_a tree_n not_o to_o cut_v they_o too_o low_o but_o to_o prune_v they_o up_o till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o your_o arm_n or_o less_o and_o then_o graft_v they_o for_o than_o will_v the_o graft_n soon_o overgrow_v such_o place_n leave_v a_o good_a many_o of_o these_o head_n on_o according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o your_o tree_n that_o if_o some_o miss_v you_o may_v take_v they_o off_o the_o next_o spring_n and_o yet_o have_v enough_o for_o the_o head_n if_o you_o graft_v in_o the_o bark_n you_o must_v remember_v to_o head_n your_o graft_n about_o midsummer_n or_o else_o they_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o blow_v off_o put_v your_o graft_n in_o always_o on_o the_o upper_a side_n
i_o take_v the_o mean_a diameter_n to_o be_v 9_o in._n as_o 7_o to_o 22_o so_o 9_o to_o 28_o and_o 2_o 7_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o hollow_a ¼_n be_v 7_o in._n then_o as_o 12_o to_o 7_o so_o 12_o foot_n to_o 4_o and_o ¼_n near_o which_o take_v from_o 39_o foot_n and_o ½_o leave_v 35_o foot_n and_o ¼_n for_o the_o sound_a timber_n of_o that_o piece_n chap._n xxxviii_o of_o make_v walk_n avenue_n or_o lawn_n as_o for_o make_v of_o walk_n in_o garden_n i_o shall_v not_o speak_v of_o that_o in_o this_o place_n because_o i_o have_v resolve_v to_o keep_v my_o walk_n without_o the_o wall_n there_o be_v several_a book_n of_o garden_v that_o have_v many_o draft_n and_o knot_n in_o they_o but_o they_o be_v all_o do_v by_o guess_n and_o none_o of_o they_o fit_v to_o a_o scale_n to_o inform_v what_o ground_n they_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o so_o that_o they_o be_v as_o fit_v for_o butter-print_n as_o for_o knot_n in_o a_o garden_n most_o walk_n that_o be_v make_v abroad_o they_o either_o terminate_v or_o end_n or_o lead_v to_o the_o front_n of_o a_o house_n or_o door_n or_o garden-gate_n or_o other_o gate_n highway_n or_o wood_n etc._n etc._n now_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o walk_n from_o any_o one_o of_o these_o and_o have_v resolve_v upon_o the_o centre_n or_o middle_a line_n of_o the_o walk_n as_o the_o middle_a of_o a_o door_n in_o the_o front_n of_o a_o house_n or_o the_o like_a there_o pitch_v up_o a_o straight_a stake_n and_o then_o from_o the_o square_n of_o the_o front_n etc._n etc._n raise_v a_o perpendicular_a from_o this_o stake_n and_o at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n in_o this_o perpendicular_a line_n set_v up_o another_o stake_n let_v these_o two_o stake_n be_v two_o little_a stake_n at_o first_o but_o that_o at_o the_o centre_n always_o the_o high_a these_o two_o stake_n be_v thus_o fix_v and_o you_o full_o conclude_v they_o to_o be_v in_o the_o mid-line_n then_o come_v to_o the_o centre-stake_n and_o have_v in_o readiness_n a_o quantity_n of_o stake_n according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o your_o walk_n bid_v one_o of_o your_o assistance_n go_v as_o far_o as_o you_o can_v well_o see_v back-sight_n and_o foresight_n and_o there_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o your_o hand_n or_o hat_n and_o his_o own_o back-sight_n let_v he_o fix_v upright_o one_o stake_n as_o exact_o as_o may_v be_v in_o the_o line_n then_o take_v up_o the_o two_o little_a stake_n and_o at_o the_o centre_n fix_v in_o a_o stake_n six_o foot_n high_a straight_o and_o upright_o with_o paper_n on_o the_o top_n and_o exact_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o little_a stake_n stand_v thus_o have_v get_v two_o stake_n place_v the_o middle-stake_n and_o the_o centre-stake_n you_o may_v if_o your_o walk_n be_v level_a and_o the_o ground_n clear_a and_o the_o walk_v not_o above_o one_o mile_n long_o set_v up_o one_o stake_n at_o the_o end_n in_o the_o mid-line_n look_v over_o the_o head_n of_o that_o stake_n and_o the_o other_o move_v it_o till_o these_o three_o stake_n be_v in_o a_o right_a line_n so_o may_v you_o have_v the_o middle_a line_n of_o your_o walk_n by_o these_o three_o stake_n exacter_n than_o by_o more_o for_o the_o few_o stake_n you_o use_v in_o your_o mid-line_n the_o better_a because_o that_o if_o you_o be_v but_o once_o a_o little_a amiss_o the_o more_o stake_n be_v use_v you_o will_v be_v so_o much_o the_o further_o out_o of_o the_o right_a way_n and_o note_v it_o be_v better_a to_o take_v your_o sight_n over_o the_o head_n of_o your_o stake_n than_o to_o look_v by_o their_o side_n therefore_o you_o must_v have_v the_o centre_n stake_v high_a the_o next_o a_o little_o short_a and_o so_o the_o next_o short_a than_o that_o etc._n etc._n but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v not_o level_a than_o order_n your_o stake_n according_o as_o thus_o and_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v not_o level_a or_o be_v of_o such_o a_o length_n that_o you_o can_v well_o see_v from_o end_n to_o end_n than_o you_o must_v place_v down_o more_o stake_n viz._n between_o the_o middle-stake_n and_o centre-stake_n one_o and_o between_o the_o middle_a and_o end-stake_n one_o if_o need_v require_v more_o i_o have_v oft_o make_v use_n of_o a_o sight-stake_n which_o i_o have_v only_o to_o find_v the_o place_n where_o my_o other_o stake_n shall_v stand_v this_o stake_n be_v make_v with_o a_o slit_n in_o the_o head_n half_o a_o foot_n deep_a which_o i_o look_v through_o over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o rest_n till_o i_o find_v the_o place_n where_o to_o set_v my_o stake_n right_o in_o the_o mid-line_n it_o be_v of_o good_a use_n and_o fig._n 13._o may_v somewhat_o represent_v it_o you_o may_v make_v it_o to_o slide_v up_o and_o down_o the_o better_a to_o come_v to_o the_o level_n of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o stake_n see_v fig._n 13._o when_o you_o take_v sight_n to_o set_v any_o stake_n true_a in_o a_o line_n with_o other_o stand_v at_o a_o little_a distance_n with_o your_o eye_n from_o the_o head_n of_o the_o stake_n so_o shall_v you_o set_v it_o exacter_n in_o the_o line_n than_o when_o your_o eye_n touch_v the_o head_n of_o the_o stake_n set_v your_o stake_n so_o that_o you_o may_v only_o see_v three_o stake_n in_o a_o line_n let_v your_o walk_n be_v of_o what_o length_n it_o will_n have_v thus_o stake_v out_o your_o mid-line_n strain_v a_o line_n in_o this_o mid-line_n and_o lay_v a_o square_a to_o that_o line_n so_o set_v off_o the_o breadth_n of_o your_o walk_n exact_o square_a to_o your_o middle-line_n then_o set_v up_o stake_n as_o you_o do_v against_o every_o stake_n in_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o walk_n and_o when_o you_o have_v get_v the_o line_n true_a where_o your_o tree_n must_v stand_v then_o drive_v down_o oak-stake_n in_o the_o line_n to_o the_o head_n and_o then_o it_o be_v but_o put_v down_o high_a stake_n by_o these_o when_o you_o come_v to_o set_v your_o tree_n then_o have_v resolve_v on_o the_o distance_n to_o set_v your_o tree_n at_o and_o provide_v good_a store_n of_o small_a stake_n take_v your_o chain_n and_o not_o a_o line_n for_o that_o will_v retch_v and_o shrink_v and_o with_o your_o help_n set_v little_a stake_n downright_o in_o this_o line_n and_o square_v where_o you_o will_v have_v every_o tree_n to_o stand_v these_o stake_n be_v to_o make_v your_o hole_n by_o which_o i_o will_v have_v at_o least_o three_o foot_n wide_a and_o two_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o hole_n make_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n before_o you_o set_v your_o tree_n if_o it_o be_v a_o year_n it_o be_v the_o better_a keep_v the_o mould_n turn_v over_o now_o and_o then_o and_o mix_v it_o with_o earth_n or_o dung_n if_o need_v be_v then_o when_o the_o time_n of_o plant_v be_v come_v begin_v betimes_o however_o on_o dry_a ground_n set_v up_o stake_n by_o every_o oak-stake_n you_o leave_v in_o the_o row_n before_o have_v prune_v the_o root_n and_o head_n to_o a_o equal_a height_n set_v they_o right_v one_o tree_n against_o another_o square_n and_o if_o your_o tree_n be_v not_o all_o of_o one_o size_n set_v the_o great_a first_o right_a one_o against_o another_o and_o so_o lesser_a and_o lesser_a by_o degree_n mind_v that_o both_o row_v go_v on_o square_a together_o and_o be_v sure_a you_o mind_n to_o let_v your_o tree_n be_v at_o equal_a distance_n from_o end_n to_o end_n then_o if_o you_o have_v a_o point_n fix_v at_o both_o end_n you_o must_v run_v over_o that_o distance_n you_o resolve_v to_o plant_v your_o tree_n at_o before_o you_o set_v your_o stake_n and_o if_o you_o find_v it_o be_v over_o or_o short_a of_o equal_a distance_n then_o must_v you_o add_v or_o subtract_v this_o odd_a open_a to_o or_o from_o the_o rest_n to_o make_v they_o all_o of_o equal_a distance_n see_v chap._n 33._o now_o have_v your_o tree_n and_o all_o thing_n in_o readiness_n set_v they_o by_o the_o stake_n stand_v in_o the_o row_v mind_v to_o set_v every_o tree_n to_o range_v with_o the_o stake_n by_o back-sight_n and_o foresight_n cover_v and_o part_v the_o root_n with_o fine_a mould_n and_o when_o they_o be_v all_o cover_v lie_v on_o some_o rot_a dung_n over_o that_o mould_n and_o then_o cover_v that_o dung_n with_o a_o little_a mould_n this_o dung_n will_v keep_v they_o from_o frieze_v in_o winter_n and_o from_o dry_v too_o much_o in_o summer_n and_o also_o well_o prepare_v the_o water_n for_o the_o root_n thus_o have_v set_v they_o take_v care_n to_o fence_v they_o in_o at_o such_o place_n where_o need_n be_v so_o will_v you_o as_o well_o as_o i_o reap_v a_o great_a satisfaction_n if_o you_o let_v not_o the_o dung_n touch_v the_o root_n do_v not_o mask_v a_o fine_a front_n nor_o vail_v a_o