water and the many waies were used to coole it its hot countries to please the palate wil easily finde credit with a vulgar understanding hot drinke being of no living creature whatsoever desired and cannot therefore be naturall for thirst is nothing else but an earnest desire of a cold and humid substance Now de facto that there were such hot drinkes in use among the antients if we should deny yet many Authors will make the truth thereof appeare But whether this now used in sicknesse or in health or both as likewise de iure whether usefull for the body or no resteth now to be discussed It hath beene an usuall speech among people that wee ought to drinke as hot as our blood and that for feare lest naturall heat by cold drinke be quite extinguished And it would seeme that the antient Romans had this custome in frequent use for wee read that in Rome there were shops where such hot drinkes were sold called therefore Thermopolia as may appeare by that the Emperour Claudius discharged this custome and tooke quite away all such places And againe Caius Caligula put to death a Master of one of these shops for selling of this warme drinke during the funeralls of his wife Drusilla And from this warme drinke was the Emperour Tiberius nick-named Biberius Caldius mero And in great families one of the servants had the charge of fetching such warme water which was alwaies in a readinesse to be sold the which if he brought too late his punishment was 300 stripes And that the Romans had it in ordinary use especially at their suppers when as they fed most liberally may also by many places of the old Poets appeare And the old comicke Poet Plantus make thereof frequent mention and many other Authors whom for brevity I here passe by A late Writer rendereth a reason why some of the Easterne nations as namely the inhabitants of China and Iapan use warme drinke and yet live long and in good health to wit that by reason of the extreme heat of the ambient aire their stomackes and inward parts are cold and therefore to warme them within use this warme drinke Others againe used this warme drinke onely for wantonnesse to make them cast up their meat and so fill their stomacke againe with fresh food the which the same Authour also out of some antient Writers relateth and that this was a common custome among the Rhodians Some againe were of opinion that the antients never dranke warme water of it selfe but mingled with their wine At least it seemeth it was the custome of some as likewise that nothing might be wanting at a great and sumptuous feast as the Poet intimateth unto us Some againe thinke that although they warmed their water yet that they let it coole againe before they either drunke it or mingled it with their wine at least it seemeth it was the custome of some as of some others to warme both their water and their wine and then to coole them being so mingled before they dranke them Some learned men are also of opinion that these warme drinkes were not alwaies water but some other sweet artificiall drinkes and which people out of wantonnesse were wont to drinke as is the custome both in high Germanie and the Low-countries to repaire in a morning to certaine shops where strong waters are sold whereof they drinke some being mingled with sugar or sweet sirup But certaine it is the best course is to drinke our drinke cold as it is in its owne nature and if in extreme cold as in frosty weather or any otherwise be by extreme cold drinke offended then may they qualifie this extreme quality either by putting a warme tost into it or otherwise abate the extremity of the cold but in no case to drinke it hot And yet we see that even among our selves we have a custome sometimes to drinke warme wine burning it with spices as is supposed to qualifie the heat and strength of the wine and so drinke it warme But in my opinion this is a wrong both to the wine and themselves also burning away the spirit which is the life of the wine they procure unto it an accidentall and adventitious heat more hurtfull to the body than the naturall heat of the wine it selfe And besides although it be often used in cold weather yet to drinke it so actually hot is nothing so good the wine howsoever it be actually cold yet doth it alwaies by a potentiall heat warme the inward parts But let us now see whether warme water were in use with the sicke or no It would seeme to bee more usefull for the sicke than for the whole and the Arabian Physitians administer it in pectorall diseases by reason cold drinke is an enemy to all the pectorall parts And an antient Roman Physitian commendeth it in all Fevers Others commend it in that Fever called diaria or of one day Besides the Greeke Physitians used it ordinarily in diseases of the reines But yet that it is not so good for the stomacke cannot bee denied And although it be not now the custome with us to give our patients warme-water to drinke yet upon divers occasions we use also warme drinks as warme posset drinke to further the operation of vomits and others to provoke sweat And howsoever we use not to exhibite this warme water as did many of the antients yet because we are accustomed for the sickes use and benefit to boile our water with addition of some simples something I will say concerning this point Water boiled is more subtill and of a more sudden penetration than crude as it commeth naturally out of the earth The antients boiled it either with the heat of the Sunne or of the fire And the Persian and Aegyptian Kings were wont to boile their water at the he at of the Sunne were it never so thinne and pure in it selfe With us we have in use a double boiling of water the one by the heat of the fire in ordinary vessells the other by way of distillation to the antients unknowne Which of these two wayes is the best we are now to inquire Our Physitians are for distilled water and must needes be the best Indeed boiled water is to bee preferred before the crude and is farre more familiar for the stomacke but in this distillation hath the preheminence that whereas by decoction many thinne parts are evaporated this is here avoided And indeed by distillation all uncouth taste if any is removed and by reason of this refining and attenuation it will also keep a long time without putrefaction But this point is so cleere that I shall not need to prosecute it any longer And although we are not accustomed to distill ordinary water yet is it very frequent with us to distill waters out of simples of all sorts both hot and cold whereof here
halfe a daies iourney from S. Annaberg where I rested these foure daies I found neither frost nor snow nor any signe of the same but both corne and grasse as greene and forward as had ever beene observed about that season together with a fine warme temperate aire and inquiring there of the weather past they assured me that they had seen neither frost nor snow onely that morning had falne a small showre of warme raine which was scarcely to be discerned upon the ground But it is yet stranger that within a few miles of ground one place not exceeding another in height should be Sommer in one and Winter in the other as appeareth by that which followeth At the same time when in the West part of this Peninsula being neere Cambaia betweene that ridge of mountaines and the sea it is after their appellation Sommer which is from September to April in which time it is alwaies cleare sky without once or very little raining on the other side of the hills which they call the coast of Choromandell it is then Winter every day and night yeelding abundance of raines besides those terrible thunders which both beginne and end their Winter and from April till September in a conntrarie vicissitude on the Westerne part is winter and on the Easterne part Sommer insomuch that in little more than 20 leagues iourny insome places as when you crosse the hill to S. Thomas on the one side of the hill you ascend with a faire Sommer on the other side you descend with a stormy Winter The like saith Linschoten happeneth at the Cape Rosalgate in Arabia and in many other places of the East But it is as great if not a greater wonder that in some places of the same elevation of the Pole even upon the low levell ground there should be such a disparity in the qualities of the ambient aire as it is reported of the straits of Magellan In and about the straits of Magellan saith a late Writer in as high an elevation of the Pole as many parts of Spaine the cold is yet there so violent that besides the mountaine tops alwaies covered with snow their very Sommer in the midst thereof freeth them not from yee Yea at that time of the yeere the Hollanders encountred an Iland of yee in the Sea The trees yet there are generally greene all the yeere long The cold is so extreme that Henry Barwell became balld therewith so continuing a yeere or two One Harris a Gold-smith blowing his frozen nose cast it with his fingers into the fire and our Authour himselfe going on shore And returning wet in his feet the next morning pulled off his toes with his stackings from his benummed feet Those countries wherein the aire is so continually warme as within the Tropicks and neere to them prove not commonly so healthfull especially to our Northerne constitutions whose lives are better preserved in a Northern aire than any of those hot regions which is diligently to be observed of those who undertake to transport colonies into remote regions that they settle not themselves in too hot a climat Now that the distempered qualities of the aire are a meanes of producing divers diseases appeareth by many places of that famous Hippocrates his works where hee setteth downe divers distempered constitutions of the aire whereupon ensued divers dangerous diseases both pestilentiall and others And among our selves the instances I thinke are fresh enough yet in our memories of this last yeere 1630. which deprived many of life and many so pinch'd with poverty that the wound is not yet healed up It is then apparent that the severall seasons of the yeere together with the alterations and changes thereof doe not a little affect both the body and minde of man and therefore diligently and carefuly of Physitians to be considered CHAP. VII Of Water in generall of Terrestriall VVater or water passing thorow or issuing out of the Earth as Springs Rivers Wells and Ponds IT is now more then time that we come to this so noble and necessary element of Water which can never sufficiently be commended And in so high an account was it among the Antients that Thales Milesius one of the seven Wise-men of Greece thought it to be the originall of all things quasi aqua omnia from whence all things have their first being and beginning and this was also the opinion of the Greeke Poet Hesiod But in briefe both the antiquity and utility doe highly recommend it unto us The Antiquity as being that prime and principall liquour where with our forefathers untill the time of Noah after the flood yea and even after the flood continued still to bee in greatest request The utility appeareth in this that it is the most common and naturall drinke to all living creatures and withall the most familiar and easiest to come by and hence by the goodnesse of our God have we this Element obvious every where as well in the highest hills as in the lowest vallies And that great Calvin saith that God deprive the Aegyptians of the one halfe of their life when as hee inflicted upon them that great plague of turning their water into blood The utility and necessity of this noble Element was not unknown to Isaac and Abimelec which made their herd-men so strive for these fountaines of living water and did yet more manifestly appeare in that more than triennal disastrous drought in Ahabs daies And some late writers relate that the like hapned of late yeeres in some parts of the West-Indies And is yet more cleerely in this seene in that it is the Basis or foundation of all other liquors whatsoever and giving as it were the essence even unto that king of liquors Wine it selfe as without the which neither it nor yet any other ever attaine to any perfection Being therefore so usefull both for drinke dressing of meate and many other necessary uses it will be requisite to say something of it And first for the temperature both Physitians and Philosophers have reputed water to be of a cooling quality And Aristotle himselfe is of this opinion and as for moisture Galen holdeth that it is an absurd thing to hold that any thing is moister than this Element It is then generally held that Water is very cold and very moist And yet Cardan thinkes it not to be cold as it is commonly accounted but rather temperate and exclaimeth against his teachers who instructed him in that maner which saith he hath done me great mischiefe And in very truth it would seeme in its owne naturall condition not to be so very cold howsoever actually as many other liquors it may partake of an intense frigidity All water is either potable and usefull for ordinary emploiments or else Physicall and appropriated to divers diseases or lastly venomous and altogether unprofitable for the use either of man or beast My purpose is in this place
urines and other excrements The Arabian Physitians are of another minde and would have us give store of cold drink in the very beginning of the disease It is indeed very certain that better it were to wait for signes of concoction if the fever were not violent but in extremity of heat and for feare of further inconvenience by meanes of too long absteining it is better to yeeld to an inconvenience than to a mischiefe True it is indeede that drinking of cold water before signes of concoction may somewhat prolong the disease and make the humour grosser and more crude but againe this scalding heat would parch up the humours of the body before these signes of concoction And therefore Galen sometimes fore-seeing this danger was forced even in the beginning of the paroxysme to take this course As for the particular time in intermittent Fevers it is by Hippocrates himselfe determined while as he willeth us in the fit to absteine from all manner of food and if hee forbid food why not drinke also since that by much drinking in the beginning of the fit wee see it prolonged While the feet are yet cold wee are to absteine not from suppings only but from all manner of liquid substances saith the same Hippocrates and so the common currant runneth that the sicke should not drinke during the fit and yet are not all of this minde And there is a learned late Writer who would not have the sicke altogether debarred from drinke during the fit And although saith hee Hippocrates willed us during the fit to absteine from all food even from suppings also yet must not this be extended to drinke And Galen himselfe in the heighth of a burning Fever ordeineth a good draught of cold water and the fit of an intermitting Fever is correspondent and answerable to the whole duration and continuance of continuall Fevers As for my part as I would not be too rigid in denying any reasonable gratification which might not prove prejudiciall to the patient so would I not be too servile and obsequious without some great necessitie it being most commonly seene that if wee give an inch they will take an ell Besides there is difference betwixt our bodies here and the French in the South parts of that Kingdome where this Author lived and both in regard of the ambient aire and their ordinary diet and drinking of wine their bodies in any fever must needs admit of a higher degree of cooling than our moist foggie phlegmaticke bodies in this our climat But if any particular individuall patient should be thus by excessive heat scorched up as I should not my selfe be too rigid so I wish others to be wise It resteth in the next place to define the quantity which would seeme to be controverted some allowing of a great draught at once and some againe would have drinke taken by degrees It is by the most both Greeke and Arabian Physitians mainteined that the sicke may drinke ad satietatem even to satiety But Aristotle seemeth to be of another minde and it seemeth it was the custome of some Physitians of his time for saith he Physitians use to give cold drinke by degrees whereof he rendreth this reason that being thus drunke by degrees it moisteneth more than drunke plentifully and at once even as wee see soft showers moisten more than great dashes of raine I answer that wee intend not here so much humectation as sudden extinction of this exorbitant scorching heat for even as we see in Smiths forges that a little water kindleth the fire and maketh it burne faster even so doth a little drinke rather increase the heat of the fever than extinguish it Now because so great a quantity of cold water if it should long lodge within the body might breed some inconvenience it is therefore by Physitians appointed that the sicke should cast it up againe as both by Hippocrates and many other Authours may appeare And in another place relating the disease and death of the wise of one Antiochus in Larissa to the end of his long discourse subjoineth this that it seemed shee might have lived if shee could have drunke store of cold drinks and cast it up againe But now to come home to our owne country wherein we live and to see how the premisses may agree with us I thinke it will not be impertinent It is then to be observed that all those countries wherein the Greekes and Arabians lived were very hot and the inhabitants thereof much naturally addicted to drinking of water their wine being there too strong for ordinary drinke as it is in many parts of Europ even at this day where the vulgar drinke most water or mingled with a little wine and therefore in time of sicknesse cannot so much offend them But with us water is not so usuall for ordinary drinke and therefore might more wrong our bodies Besides water is hurtfull to weake stomackes whose bodies abound not with blood or yet are troubled with any tumour or inward inflammation and oppressed with tough and crude clammy humors And therefore wee safely permit the use of small beere which neither indangereth the body if not cast up againe neither can it much wrong the body by sudden overcooling of the same Besides the boiling correcteth the crudity the barly is good in all acute diseases as after shall appeare and the hoppe openeth obstructions of the inward parts If the patient after a good draught can cast it up againe it will doe him good and if not it will finde a vent some other way as being farre more penetrant than water And as for the benefit might by casting it up againe be procured it may by meanes of a convenient vomit easily be effected which may by a discreet Physitian be according to severall circumstances accomodated But if the heat were yet very violent and more cooling drinke be yet requisite we are not unfurnished of variety of distilled waters whereof we can easily compose such variety of cooling juleps with the addition of tart acid juices and liquors as may give content to the nicest and daintiest palats And wee are not unfurnished of barly waters posset drinkes of severall sorts and many others whereof we purpose shortly to make mention And yet if wee would make use of water in fevers I see not but it might be very well and to good purpose used I would have then pure spring water well boiled and afterwards well cooled againe and then made tart with a spoonfull or two of good white-wine vineger or some drops of the acid spirit of vitriole some barberries or the like This would prove a soveraine good cooling and wholesome drinke in all hot fevers whatsoever contagious or others and the poorer sort might reap as much benefit by this as any other drinke CHAP. XIII Of warme Drinke and whether it be usefull or no. WHat hath hitherto beene spoken concerning cold
reteine the vertue of the simples whereof they are distilled whereof we have at large already discoursed Some of these waters againe are compounded of many severall simples and take the denomination either from that which is most predominant as the Theriacal-water or else from the sublime and extraordinary effects as aqua coelestis aqua mirabilis c. and sometimes from the Author also as Doctor Stevens his water But whosoever is too busie or bold with any of these hot waters in ordinary use either for furthering concoction or otherwise shall at length finde them produce the like effect as lime laid to the roots of trees which howsoever it hasten the fruit for the present yet killeth it the trees in a short time And this I have in some of my very good friends and patients often found too true with whom I wish sound reason might have more prevailed than their owne disorderly appetites I have observed in some who had these hot liquors in too frequent use as they pretended to warme their stomacks that at length they came to this pitch that whether they drunke any of these sublimate waters or the best sacke or other wine whatsoever they found no more heat in it than of a cup of cold water powred downe their throats But this was not all the harme from thence ensuing but was after accompanied with an extraordinary great distempered heat both in the liver and kidnies and in some an irrecoverable scirrbus in the liver a disposition to a dropsie and in conclusion an untimely death I could easily at great length dilate and discourse largely upon this one point but that I hasten to the other matters which yet remaine to handle CHAP. XV. Of divers drinkes made of hony mulsum mulsa or hydromel and oxymel with the various waies of composition and their excellent vertues ALthough wee have already handled hony with the vertues thereof and divers other things concerning this subject yet now wee are to speake of it againe at more length at least of some drinkes made thereof of no small use in the Diet of the Diseased And the praise of it may from hence appeare in that the Land of Canaan was commended and that by the Authour of truth himselfe to be a Land flowing with milke and hony Of this many excellent drinkes were made by the antients which with us at this day are not in so great request Howbeit even at this day some nations where hony is plentifull make thereof some drinkes very usefull both in sicknesse and in health as namely the Polonians Lituanians or country of Lettow and other territories subject to the Polonian Crowne where good wine is scant and good hony plentifull and therefore in stead of wine use this drinke And wee have already made mention of Metheglin made in Wales Now of hony were made three sorts of drinkes differing one from another The first of those was called Mulsum or a drinke made of hony and wine another Mulsa or Hydromel a drinke made of water and hony the third of hony and vineger water sometimes being mingled therewith and by them called Oxymel at this day with us in no small request in pectorall diseases especially The first of these then is that which the antients called Mulsum and so celebrated by that Roman Pollio as wee have already mentioned And that this was a very antient drinke may by a late learned Writer appeare who proveth the same against Plutarch who held it in his time to be but a new invention His opinion hee proveth both by the authority of Homer and Hippocrates who call this drinke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Of this drinke Pliny maketh one Aristeus a Thracian the author and the which drinke he brought into that credit and reputation that in these daies there was no sort of drinke in greater request howsoever now in our daies neglected It was made of tart or sharpe wine and hony taking its name a mulcendo from mitigating and qualifying the sharpnesse and tartnesse of the wine Pliny would have it made of old wine as being easiliest incorporated with the hony That this is that Oenomeli mentioned by Dioscorides may by comparing that place of Pliny with his easily appeare Plutarch writeth that honie spoileth and corrupteth the wine and may therefore be questioned whether it be wholesome or no I answer that being new made it is windy but being well boiled and kept a good while it becommeth a most wholesome drinke And many saith the same Pliny have by the continuall use of this drinke atteined to old age as hath been already in Pollio instanced This drinke is in some places of Hippocrates prescribed in pectorall infirmities The likest to this drinke is that famous Metheglin so much used in Wales In some sea-cities of Germanie they make this Mulsum and mingle therewith many aromaticall simples There was another drinke made of the same hony and water onely and in no small request among the antients called therefore Hydromel Of this drinke there were divers manners of composition Dioscorides maketh it of two parts of old river water and one part of hony boiled together and set a long time in the Sunne Pliny composeth it of hony and raine-water long kept boiling the water with the third part of hony untill the third part of it were wasted away There was also another drinke made of hony in request among the antient Greekes called Apomeli and was made of the hony-combes washed and boiled in faire water Galen maketh yet mention of another manner of composing this drinke taking of vineger one part of hony two parts of faire water foure parts and so boiled them where no mention is made of the combes The Arabian Physitians made their Mulsa or Hydromel after this fashion They tooke one pound of very good yellow hony and not too old which they boiled with eight times as much spring-spring-water in an earthen or stone vessell skimming them well and boiling altogether at a great fire and then straining it thorow a cleane linnen cloth In Hippocrates wee read of two sorts of this Mulsa or Melicratum one ravv another boiled The former was made of three parts of spring-water or old raine-water and one of very good hony well mingled together and set a long time in the Sunne The second sort which was boiled was composed of the same quantity but presently boiled to the wasting away of the third part Besides he maketh there two sorts of this drinke according to the predominancy of the one or the other of these two for when the quantity of water exceeded that of hony it was called Melicratum aquosum but when there was greater store of hony than water then it was call Sincerum Melicratum or pure and plaine hony-water In our daies some make this drinke of good pure hony one part and six times as much good spring
water well boiled and skimmed till the fourth part be wasted away To know whether it be sufficiently boiled or no put into it an egge and if it swimme on the top it is sufficient but if it sincke to the bottome it is not When it is tunned up for better defecation and purging in hot weather especially in hot countries it may be set into the Sunne for certaine daies It may be about a quarter old before it be drunke When it is very old the use of it is condemned even by Pliny himselfe This drinke might be of good use in many infirmities of the body of the brest especially excepting alwaies hot and cholericke constitutions It might be made tarter by meanes of some vineger or some other acid or sharpe juice provided alwaies it exceed not There was yet another drink made of hony in no small request among the antients called Oxymel or sirup of vineger the which is even at this day in no small esteeme and account This drinke is both by Hippocrates and Galen highly commended and esteemed of affirming it to bee of an opening and cleansing faculty without any danger of heat and that increaseth not the Fever and yet openeth and cleanseth effectually and that it is very usefull for all ages A late Writer affirmeth that this is a very wholesome drinke and may safely be used in all Fevers and that there is no better drinke to quench extreme thirst And another saith no lesse in the commendation of it Some differences of opinions there are concerning the composition of this drinke Hippocrates maketh it of hony vineger and water not expounding the quantity of any one Galen mentioneth a threefold manner of compounding this drinke but to none of them addeth he salt as doth Dioscoride Take of veneger one part well skimmed hony two parts let them boile with a gentle fire untill their qualities be well united together With water it is thus made for one part of hony take foure parts of faire spring water and let them boile over a soft fire untill it yeeld skumme and when a great part of the water is wasted away then adde thereto halfe as much vineger as remaineth of the water and boile them well untill there be a firme union of all their qualities together Thirdly it is thus made al the three are at the very first mingled together taking for one part of vineger two parts of hony and foure parts of faire spring-water boiling them untill there remaine a third This Hippocrates often mentioneth though not alwaies under one name We have the composition therof set downe in our late dispensatories Some take one part of vineger two parts of spring water and foure of pure hony letting them all boile untill they attaine to the forme of a liquid sirup I meane not so high boiled as some sirups for it will thus keepe well enough Some againe make it after this fashion take of good hony foure pounds faire spring-water two pounds let the water and the hony be boiled together untill the water be quite wasted away and the hony well skimmed and then adde thereto two pound of good sharpe wine vineger and boile it to the thicknesse of an ordinary sirup This oxymel or sirup of vineger is a very excellent medicine for expectoration or cleansing and cutting tough phlegme stuffing up the pipes of the lungs and exceeding good in many pectorall diseases But many by reason hony is not so pleasant to their palats therefore they use in stead thereof sugar which indeed is not so forcible nor effectuall as the former but we are falne into such times wherein people are all for toothsomnesse and little for wholesomnesse In the composition of this drinke there must a speciall care be had of the hony it is made of that it be of the best such as we have already described The vineger would be of the best sharpe white wine vineger if it can be had and the water must be pure spring water and approaching as neere as may be to our description of such water of best note Besides these ordinary Oxymels there are yet some other compounded with divers ingredients both purging and others as with hellebore with squills and the like all which here to set downe were both tedious and needlesse such as would make use of any such may as occasion and necessity shall require have them prescribed by the learned and judicious Physitian But in the use of this as in many other medicines there is a great error in the ordinary use of it committed and that by reason the vulgar use it promiscuously in any matter whatsoever distilled or falne downe upon the lungs be it thicke or thinne whereas in a sharp thinne tickling rheume this can doe no good at all but rather harme But because this is not the proper place to convince and confute these errors this being spoken but by the way I will here leave this point Neither yet will I insist at this time upon any other compositions made of hony it being only my purpose in this place to discourse of such drinkes as are made of hony and by the way to give a taste what was the opinion of antiquity concerning hony and the high esteeme they had thereof and how usefull a thing it is both in sickenesse and in health howsoever in this degenerate and wanton age wherein we now live it be too much contemned and despised CHAP. XVJ. Of divers drinkes made of barly very usefull for the sicke and in frequent request as ptisan barly-water creame of barley and wherein our formes differ from those of antient times Some thing concerning emulsions both almond milke and others THis graine barly I meane in Greece hath been in no small esteeme and request and that by reason of divers drinkes made therof for the use of the sicke It is temperate in quality in all likelihood and probability howbeit Galen maketh it cold and dry in the first degree Howsoever it is very fit and proper in Fevers and hot diseases and that after severall sorts and fashions prepared And besides it participateth likewise of an abstersive or cleansing facultie whereby it is to good purpose used in pectorall infirmities Of this graine the antients made a water for the sicke from thence called barly-water And of the same graine was there yet made an other composition which they called Ptisan Of this Ptisan Hippocrates maketh frequent mention Of this now wee reteine the name onely ptisan being nothing else saith a late Writer but a drinke made of licorice and a little barly and sometimes without it The ptisan in use among the antients especially with Hippocrates was nothing else but that which we commonly call creame of barly and served the sicke in stead both of meat and drinke It was made of divers sorts of graines both of wheat rice and barly
sicknesse or otherwise as physick for prevention of future infirmities If it be left to election then the most temperate time of the yeere is to be made choice of as hath beene said of other evacuations and the time of the day likewise most temperate as in a morning before dinner and after concoction is perfected In sicke folkes if there be a necessity the ambient aire if not answerable to our desire must be corrected as accasion shall require As for the time of the day as hath beene said already the former daies food must first be perfectly concocted as well in the stomacke as in the liver As concerning the time of the disease it being with us unusuall in Fevers and such acute diseases wee need not so curiously insist upon it yet if there were any such necessity the same time already set downe for the diet and evacuations both generall and particular were to be observed Before entring into any of these baths of any kind whatsoever wee are to see that the body be before cleansed and that the common excrements of urin and ordure first be evacuated for feare of some defluxion upon the feeble parts by dissolving liquifying the humors of the body Neither yet are we to use exercise before it for feare of filling the head with fumes vapors and food must also be refrained from for feare of crudities from whence obstructions and divers dangerous diseases might after insue If the party be not able to absteine let him take some little sustenance in a morning a little biscuit or some cordiall electuary or the like In bathing the party is to abstein from all manner of food as also from drinke and sleep for feare of crudities the mother of a many diseases But if strength should so farre faile that we should feare fainting then are comfortable smells to be presented to the nose or else the crums of a manchet soak'd in good sacke or the like a little marchpane manus Christi or some such comfortable refresher of the spirits speedily to be given the patient As for the continuance in the bath there cannot be one certaine rule prescribed to every individuall person Cold constitutions unlesse very weake may continue a longer time but temperate persons when they begin to grow red may goe forth of it and leane and slender people by long continuance therein are much indāmaged But the strength is that which must alwaies be our best directer In hectick fevers they are first to goe into the warme bath and next into a cold that by this meanes a constipation of the skin may be procured and dissipation prevented Such as in health were much accustomed to bathing in sicknesse more freely may use this meanes and yet if they use oftner than once a day they are to interpose 4 or 5 houres betwixt the two severall times After bathing the party is diligently to be dried with dry clothes in a warme roome and well rubd the head especially and then sent to bed to sweat a while and is afterwards againe to be rubd and dri'd with soft linnen clothes After all this is performed and the body setled then are we to offer the sick some liquid food at first as namely some broth or the like and afterwards in a more solid substance sometimes in a greater sometimes in a lesser quantity according to the nature of the disease strength of the patient custome the ambient aire the season of the yeere c. But as in all other things so are we here to observe the golden mediocrity for all manner of hot baths immoderatly used whether moist or dry doe too much mollifie the body evacuating overthrowing the naturall vigor thereof and if too hot they cause continuall burning fevers debilitate the body from whence proceedeth great faintnesse and finally death it selfe Againe too much bathing in cold water procureth shivering and shaking convulsions and at length an extinction of naturall heat wherein life consisteth CHAP. XVIII Of naturall baths or minerall waters whether leap-yeere called also the bissextil causeth any alteration in these minerall waters or infringeth the force thereof and of the originall and first beginning of this time ALmighty God out of his singular goodnesse and infinite bounty taking pitty upon miserable man-kinde now by reason of sinne made subject to so many sicknesses a due reward of the fame as bee hath affoorded this microcosme man a multitude of soveraigne medicines for his solace in such diseases so among many others hee hath made many waters that spring out of the earth to affoord him comfort in his great calamity of sickenesse Now besides the common waters of severall sorts whereof wee have daily use both in food and physicke as hath beene proved already there are yet many waters that spring out of the bowells of the earth participating of the nature of divers mineralls and metalls the vertues whereof these waters do reteine and are therfore with no small successe often used of the sicke for many and divers infirmities And these by a generall word are by us commonly called Thermae or aquae Thermales from that heat whereof most of them doe lesse or more participate Now that these waters were not at first among antient Physitians in that request they have beene since may by Pliny appeare who wondering that Homer made no mention of them doth afterwards answer himselfe that in those daies there was no Physitian that made use of them although Homer maketh often mention of washing in warme water After Homer Hippocrates although hee seeme not utterly to to reject such waters yet by reason of their running thorow minerall and metallicke veines holdeth them therefore for suspected for the which cause hee never admitteth of them for the use of the sicke And of the same mind was Galen also who never that we reade of made any triall of such waters But the late Physitians as well Greeke as Arabians have introduced the use of them as finding by long experience that in chronicall and long continuing diseases there is not a more soveraine remedy as in old inveterate obstructions of the inward parts and the like Now it is confirmed by the Authorities of a multitude of our best Physitians that some of these waters are hot and some againe cold in their first qualities and some mixt and so in their second qualities depending upon the first they differ likewise according to those mineralls or metalls from whence they borrow their vertues howbeit in generall all these waters participate of exsication Now from what metall or minerall the water taketh its vertue or operation may partly by the colour taste smell the day in the bottome and partly by distillation long boiling evaporation and the dregges left in the bottome be discerned as also the nature of such diseases as are thereby cured And howsover many trust much to distillation yet is it not
this rule notwithstanding wee must alwaies except soporiferous diseases of the braine as lethargie Carus c. Againe it may perhaps here be demanded whether it be good to sleepe with the mouth open or shut I answer that to sleepe with open mouth doth farre better breath out such fuliginous vapours as arise from the concoction of the stomacke than with the mouth shut howbeit it drieth somewhat the mouth and the throat but after the party is awakened this is againe easily amended Sometimes againe there be some that sleepe with open eyes like hares and some with their eye-lids close shut now then may be demanded which is the best I answere that in perfect health some are accustomed to sleepe thus with open eyes without any hurt or danger whatsoever and the same party falling sicke may so continue this custome without any hurt or detriment but if this should befall another sicke person in former times unaccustomed thereunto it is then more dangerous especially if accompanied with other dangerous signes CHAP. XXVI Of Dreames and that of them there may be made good use in sicknesse and in health Of night-walkers or such as walke in their sleepe in the night-season and the cause thereof NOw in our sleep there appeare unto us often imaginary visions and apparitions which we call insomnium or somnium from somnus sleepe and wee call in English dreames and by the Greekes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 answerable to the Latine somnium Dreaming then is a middle disposition without any disease betwixt sleeping and waking in the which neither as waking doe the outward senses performe their whole perfect actions neither yet as wholly asleep are they altogether idle howbeit this properly is an affection or function belonging to the principall faculty especially the Fancy which although the body bee asleep yet is that together with the cogitation and memory often set a worke and because in an ordinary or meane sleep the Fancy is often free the discerning faculty confused therefore if severall objects or species either remaining still in the senses or which the body being yet awake hath done or felt it composeth together in many vaine visions and as we commonly for hence call them Fancies the which being asleepe we seeme to see and because reason is then weake we give thereunto our assent But if it shall so come to passe as we often find when we are as it were in a light slumber that reason is at som more liberty and giveth no assent to such Fancies exposed to our imagination then such are not so properly called dreames Of Dreames there have beene some supernaturall and thus we read that in the old Testament God did often reveale his Will by dreames and visions With this supernaturall dreame my purpose is not here to meddle at all Some againe are naturall arguing and declaring unto us often the state and disposition of the body in sicknesse and in health and are by the Physitian onely to be considered and to this onely end and purpose Concerning dreames Hippocrates among the rest of this works hath written one little Tractate where he setteth downe divers things concerning sicknesse and health signified and pointed out unto us by dreames and the meanes to remedy the same And there he sheweth that if such things whereabout we were in the day time busied bee after the same manner represented unto us it signifieth that all is well within if otherwise the coutrary is signified The same author there setteth downe that to see with a cleere and sharpe sight such things as are done upon earth and likewise to have the sense of hearing answerable in dreaming portendeth health as likewise to seeme to travaile strongly and securely without any feare to runne apace and to see the earth plaine and smooth well manured planted with pleasant and fruitâ— full trees and bearing good store of fruit as also to see rivers and fountaines running their accustomed course and the accustomed quantity of water this doth also signifie sound health and that both meat and drinke and all excretions keepe a due symmetry and proportion If these things seeme otherwise saith the same Author there is a deviation from that former soundnesse of body and some inward distemper thereby argued If the sight then or hearing in thy dreamâ— seeme to be endamaged there is some disease in the head portended A rough and uneven earth argueth some corruption in the flesh Trâ—â—â— seeming barren argue corruption of seed of generation If leaves fall from the trees it argueth hurt from humiditie and moisture but if the same trees seeme full of leaves without any fruit it presageth some hurâ— from heat and drouth Rivers running with greater abundance of water than ordinary signifie greater abundance of blood in the body then is usefull the contrary argueth some deficiency in this nâ—ble humor Wels springs signifie wind about the bladder If the sea seeme to be troubled it portendeth some disease in the belly It is also according to the same Author good to see by dreame people apparelled in white and comely clothes But againe to see any naked or apparelled with base blacke sordid and sloven-like apparell receiving any thing or carying any thing out of the house portendeth no good Many other things are there set downe by the same Author concerning this subject with briefe remedies for the preventing and curing such infirmities And there it may plainely appeare that one and the same dreame may have a diverse signification in sicknesse and in health as if the earth or house seeme to move in a healthfull person it signifieth imbecillity and weaknesse but to a sicke person presageth health and a change and alteration from his former estate In like manner if any person seeme to swimme in a river or pond in health it portendeth too great abundance of moisture but in a burning Fever it portendeth good and that this extreme siccity is overcome by the contrary humidity It is moreover in that place apparent that many times dreams do accompany such humors as abound in the body and may often from thence be collected As much dreaming of rivers and ponds and often swimming therein abundance of moist phlegmaticke humors in the body To see blacke and burnt earth argueth a great exsiccation of the body by choler adust Strange and terrible shapes and affrighting monstrous formes signifieth that the body is filled with divers sorts of uncouth foods which make a great perturbation in the body Besides all such troublesome fearefull dreames often argue melancholy in the body Passing over rivers saith the same Author armed men often appearing and many strange and monstrous apparitions doe portend either some great disease or madnesse And thus wee see it is apparent that by the dreames may often be discerned or presaged some present or future infirmity Besides we finde many times that even in our best health oppression
naturall threefold 335. Drowsie or deadly sleepe ibid. Criticall Sleepe and the severall sorts of the same 336. Sleepe carefully to be procured ibid. The vulgar very shy of hypnoticke or sleepy medicines ibid. Skirret 45. Smelt 90. Snailes and their use See uncouth flesh Snailes whether usefull in Consumptions and Hecticke fevers ibid. Snot and Snevill and the significations thereof 303. Snowtes of beastes 73. Sodomie by a Popish Prelate maintained lawfull and allowed by a Pope 329. Sorrell 30. Wood sorrell ibid. Soule and the passions thereof 341. Spa. See Minerall waters Spa by Aberdene ibid. Sparrow 80. Spells characters and strange words of themselves have no power to produce any strange effect 357. Spices used in Diet 100. Spinage 49. Spirit of wine See aqua vita Spirit of Ale or Beere 1â—3 Spittle and the use thereof 316. Spittle best in condition Severall tasts of Spittle Severall colours ibid. It is to be considered in sicknesse and in health 3â—6 Sprats See pilchards Sterline 80. Stipendary Physitians Intr. 24. Stipends for Physitians would prove very profitable for the coÌ„mon-wealth ibid. Stocke dove 78. Stones of beasts 76. Stones of fowle 82. Storke 81. Stove See Hot-house Strawberrie 59. Sturgeon 89. Succory or Cichoree See Endive Sugar and the vertues thereof whether knowne by the antients 96 97. Sugar and sweet meats much used often prove dangerous and for whom especially 97. Sulpherous Bathes See Bathes Supper See repast Suppositories their use and with what caution to be used 282. Surgeons ought to be carefull They are often too busy with the profession of Physicke Intr. 4. Swan 81. Sweat an excrement of the third concoction 290. Sweating in acute diseases 291. Naturall and procured by Art Sweat diaphoreticall Sweat criticall and symptomaticall Sweat how to bee procured siimples provoking sweat ibid. Swounding in phlebotomy no certaine signe of a sufficient evacuation 247. T Tansey See egges Tarragon 56. Teale 81. Teares their divers kindes and severall significations in sickenesse and in health 293. Tench 93 Tennis play See Exercise Theodosius his cruell execution at Thessalonica His worthy decree and constitution against the sudden execution of Princes decrees 390. Thirst hardlier indured than hunger 109 False thirst Sitis mendosa 183. Thrush 80. Thornebacke See Scate Tiberius Caesar as sharpe sighted as a cat 354. Time 57. Tabacco as strong and violent a purger partaketh as much of a venomous or poisoning quality as any other simple accouÌ„ted therfore most infamous 317 It evacuateth often good and laudable moisture with the bad It is indifferently used of all without respect of any circumstance whatsoever Qualities of Tabacco Violent purging faculty Abuse of Tabacco with the best use It is a strong narcoticke or benumming medicine ibid. Often unseasonably used to further digestion 318 It often causeth crudities ibid. It is much sophisticate For what infirmities fittest In what season of the yeere and with what correction to bee used Circumstances in the use thereof to be considered For whom most hurtfull It is the cause of many diseases and dismall accidents 329 330. Tongues of beasts 75. Tortoise 92. Triballians See Illyrians Tripes See bellie Trout 92. Truffe See Puffe Tunbridge-water 307 Turbot 89. Turkie 78. Turneps of severall shapes and formes and their faculties 44. Turtle 78. V Vdderne of beasts 76 Veale 72. Veines to be opened in severall parts of the body of man 239. Venetians vigorous and long lived 18. Venison 73. Verjuice and the use thereof 98. Vesicatories or blistering medicines See searing or burning Violets 51. S. Vincents rocke-water 307. Vineger The vertues and various use thereof 98. Vomit and the commendation thereof Rejected by some of the antients 280 But very frequently used by others 281 What parts best purged by vomit Often rashly exhibited by Empirickes ibid. For what persons most usefull and for whom most unfitting Preparation before and what after a vomit to be done 280 281. Vrines and their use 309. Best urine in colour and contents Golden coloured urine Blacke urine Vrine a fallacious signe therby to judge either of the disease or issue thereof ibid. Vrines vary much in diseases 310. Criticall excretion of urine Retention and difficulty of avoiding urine Quantity of urine Suppression of urine from divers causes ibid. W Walking a profitable exercise See exercise Walking after supper ibid. Wal-nut See nut Washing and anointing of the body after Washing in cold water 294 295. Washing of the hands Of the head Of the feet usuall with us 295. Washing of the feet in sicknesse 296. Watching what it is and to what function to be referred 332. Immoderate watching hurtfull and how ibid. Water highly esteemed of the antients Antiquity utility and division of water 24. Weighing of water deceitfull Division of usefull waters 25. Raine-water Snow-water Harmes of snow-water Cisterne-water and the correction thereof ibid. Vulgar error concerning the boiling of water 6. Terrestriall or water springing out of the earth spring-Spring-water Best spring-water according to situation place aspect of humours c. ibid. Water carried through pipes of lead whether usefull Water of rivers of pooles and ponds Of wells and pumps and which of all these is the best ibid. Water the most antient and common drinke of mankind with divers observations in the use of drinking water 116 184. Not to be despised for drinke 187 Bad water how to be corrected 117 118 Water destilled to the Antients unknowne Destilled better than boiled 290. Water in great request among the antients Not to be indifferently exhibited in all diseases 184 185 Water how to bee exhibited without hurt and what in the use thereof to be considered ibid. Cold water how to be prepared for the use of the sicke together with the time of use generall and particular the quantity c. ibid. Water warmed in frequent use among the antients Whether usefull for the sicke 188 189. Strong waters of severall sorts and the great abuse thereof For whom most usefull 193 194. Weapon-salve The names Various wayes of preparation Blood sometimes omitted in the preparation It effecteth just nothing Sympatheticall and why Magneticall and why Blood used in the Weapon-salve is taken from any man It receiveth no particular vertue or efficacy from the starres It is accounted sometimes miraculous and sometimes mysticall Confutation of many arguments brought for the confirmation of the weapon-salve and such other cures as are sometimes supposed to be done at as great or greater a distance without any Physitians contact 362. 363 364 365 366. Welling-borrow-well 367. Whey and what it is It may safeier in sicknesse be exhibited than milke it selfe Vertues of Whey Best whey Whey of goats milke and the vertues thereof It differeth according to the preparation or separation 206. Clarified whey 207. Whigge or wigge See sowre-milke White meates and for whom fit 21â— Whiting 90. Wild-fowle See fowle Winds alter the body of man in sickenesse and in health They are of great force 16. Their number natures and properties
parts of Libya and Egypt in Sommer are farre cooler than places more remote from thence Plutarch seemeth likewise to favour this opinion who affirmeth that it is not necessary to prescribe any remedies for the preservation of the teeth of such as dwell neere the sea and that in regard of the dry quality of that aire and wind strengthening and corroborating their heads Againe that the sea-aire is hot appeareth in that Pliny writeth that no snow falleth in the maine Ocean but what may then be the reason that in may places of Italy the sea aire is so bad The reason many be in the first place because perhaps this wind bloweth sometimes too violently and so in too great abundance drawne in by the inhabitants or else by reason that by the sea aire divers marshes or stincking standing pooles and ponds or yet salt water mingled with fresh or any the like occasion which causing the water to putrifie sendeth forth such ill vapours and exhalations as are altogether hurtfull to the health of man And by reason this is ordinarie in most places of Italy hence have we this evill report and slander raised upon the sea aire and wind which notwithstanding is onely accidentall being in it selfe most healthfull and without any hurt at all Hence is it also that the Philosopher affirmeth that the sea creatures are farre more vigorous and of a greater stature and Averroes affirmeth that they are longer lived As concerning that which was before alleged out of Aristotle seeming to maintaine the contrary opinion was spoken of creatures living in the water the word Water taken in a generall sense but is not meant of the sea in particular Hence also commeth it to passe that the Venetians hemm'd in on every side with the sea breathing in no aire which doth not partake of the qualities of their so neere bordering neighbour are so lively and vigorous that many of that republique attaine very nigh the hundred yeere of their age and this was verified in that noble and renowned Champion and sea Captaine Andrew Dore Admirall of the fleet of Charles the fift Emperor and who spent in a manner his whole life upon the Sea as the aforesaid Author averreth And this opinion seemeth yet more probable in that both the snow which falleth neere the sea-coasts yea even in the most Northerne parts of this Iland both falleth often in a small quantitie and lieth a shorter while than in the places further remote from the same and the corne is also sooner ripe caeteris paribus and no other let or rub come in the way and yet further to confirme this truth we see most commonly that sea-faring men seldome need any sauce to provoke their languishing appetites I have a little the longer insisted of set purpose upon these winds blowing from the sea by reason of our new colonies now planted and planting in these remote regions that they may neither be afraid to settle themselves neere the sea coast if all other things be answerable nor yet any such as are there already seated be by any needlesse future fears discouraged by reason of this aire And now being arrived into these remote regions ere we return a word or two of the nature and property of som of these winds blowing in those far distant contries Acosta the Iesuit relateth that upon all the coast of Peru it bloweth continually with one only wind which is South and South west contrary to that which doth usually blow under the burning Zone being by nature the most violent tempestuous unhealthfullest of all other yet in this region it is marvellous pleasing healthfull agreeable insomuch that we may truly attribute the habitation of that place thereunto Now the Northerne wind is not usually cold and cleare in Peru and beyond the line as here In some parts of Peru at Lima and on the plaines they find the Northern winds troublesome and unwholesome and all along the coast which runnes above 300 leagues they hold the Southerne winds for healthfull and coole and which is yet more most cleare and pleasant yea with it it never raines contrary to that we see in Europe on this side the line The Solanus or Easterly wind is commonly hot and troublesome in Spaine and in Murtia it is the healthfullest and coolest that is for that it passeth thorow that large champian and sweet pleasant orchards In Carthagena which is not farre from thence the same wind is troublesome and unwholesome The Meridionall is commonly rainie and boisterous and yet in the same Citie whereof I speake it is wholesome and pleasant In a region containing fiftie leagues in circuit I put it thus for example the wind which bloweth on the one part is hot and moist and that which bloweth on the other is cold and drie And Pliny reports that in Africke it raines with a Northerly wind and that the Southerne wind is cleare And Acosta tells us yet more that there is a certaine wind of such a quality that when it bloweth in some countrie it causeth it to raine fleas and that in so great abundance that they trouble and darken the aire and cover all the sea-shore and in other places it raineth frogs There are winds which naturally trouble the sea and make the water thereof looke greene and blacke others make it looke as cleare as chrystall some comfort and make glad others trouble and breed heavinesse Such as nourish silke-wormes have great care to shut their windowes when as the South-westwinds doe blow and to open them to that opposite to it having found by certaine experience that their wormes die and languish with the one fatten and become better-like by the other The same Authour reporteth that in some parts of the Indies he hath seene grates of yron rusted and consumed that passing it betwixt your fingers it dissolved into powder as if it had beene hay or parched straw the which onely proceeded from the wind corrupting it and it having no power to withstand the same But before we conclude this chapter we must take notice that without the Tropicks from the twentie seventh to the thirtie seventh degrees the winds are said to be for the most part Easterly as some thinke by a repercussion of the aire even as we see waters being incountred with more force returne with an eddie in a manner backe This which is said of the Easterly wind is to be understood of the sea for at the land though winds be as hath beene said certaine and set yet that which is the generall wind of one countrie is not generall to all yea in the same countrie they have a set wind for the day and another quite contrary bloweth for the night also neere the coast they are more subiect to calmes in this burning Zone than further off in the sea the grosse vapours which arise out of the earth and the divers
to speake of such waters as be beneficiall for the life of all living Creatures In the first place then let us examine the qualities of the best water The goodnesse thereof is principally discerned by the lightnesse and thinnesse the which according to Hippocrates is soone warme and soone cold againe if it bee free from any smell or taste if any kind of pulse bee quickly tender that is boyled therein if put in a silver vessell it cause it no to rust and leave no slime at bottome It is also accounted a good signe of wholesome water if a handfull of sage being throwne therein it be presently dispersed if it nourish good fish and good and wholesome plants grow in it we thinke well of it but if it nourish toads snakes or other such vermine it is utterly to be rejected The weighing of water is not to be trusted to for a venomous water may be as light as that which is of a more laudable quality and besides one and the same water may be heavy in winter and light in sommer as for any other experiments either by a linnen cloth or round piece of wood as idle and impertinent I passe by and come to the differences and severall sorts of water Water that is in request for the ordinary use as well of man as beast as for Physicall waters we referre them to their proper place and venomous waters we will not meddle with wee will divide into Celestiall and Terrestriall Celestiall are either snow or raine-waters Terrestriall is either spring or river-water well-water or of a pond and standing lake Raine-water is engendred in the middle region of the aire of certaine vapors which the Sunne by his heat in the day-time draweth up Aristotle is of opinion that some hot and dry vapors are therewith mingled which causeth the saltnesse in the sea In raine-water againe we are to observe both the time and the manner of falling Hippocrateâ— rejecteth that which falleth in the winter-time as being heavier and harder than in the Sommer The best in his opinion is that which falleth in Sommer and in the most temperate part of the same not in the extreme heat of the canicular dayes it being then farre worse Some notwithstanding hold that the winter and spring raine water are the best and to be preferred before that which falleth in Sommer and Harvest and that by reason it is not so soone putrified But the opinion of Hippocrates is to be preferred who measureth the water by the lightnesse and thinnesse thereof Of the parts of the day that which falleth in the morning is accounted best The manner of the falling is likewise of some moment whether it fall with force or violence or mildly and softly with greater or smaller drops That which falleth with smaller drops and with violence Hippocrates esteemeth better than that which falleth more leisurely and with greater drops and that which falleth with great stormes of wind is accounted worst The substance of raine-water is most subtile and sweet by reason that the most subtile and thinnest parts are exhaled and drawne up by force of the Sunne-beames Snow-water is either of snow alone or of snow mingled with haile or yee or else snow and yee are mingled with other water Both these sorts are to be rejected by reason that the thinnest and subtilest parts by congealing doe exhale and vanish away the thicker and more terrestrious part still remaining behind Of this a triall may be made by letting some water freeze in the night-time and the next morning being dissolved by the heat the quantity shall easily bee discerned to bee diminished Now what harme insueth by drinking of these snow-snow-waters is by the testimony of Hippocrates apparent snow- and such as doe inhabite the Alpes and Pyrenean hills and Auvergne in France are sensible of this hurt being much molested with great throats whom for this cause their neighbours call Goitreux Cisterne waters are of a very neare affinity with raine-water as being nothing else but raine-water conveighed into a cisterne as a fit and convenient receptacle Pliny approves not of raine-waters because by reason of their standing they putrifie and ingender noisome creatures harden the belly and are hurtfull to the throat But since raine-water is so usefull and soveraine I see no reason why cisterne-water should be blamed And since of raine-water there be some better and some worse we must choose the fittest and convenientest time to wit that which falleth in the Sommer As for the slime filth which often accompanieth rainewa-ter being strained thorow gravel and sand they easily leave al that behind the as for the feare of putrefaction it may easily be avoided by casting in some small fishes which will keepe it in continuall motion As concerning the quality of such water it is by some Physitians beleeved that it bindes but that which is reserved in the middest of Sommer rather looseneth then bindeth the belly And by the same reason boiled water rather looseneth than bindeth the belly contrary to the vulgar opinion and that by reason that being boiled it is more easily againe expelled out of the body Now as for terrestriall waters among then Fountaines or Springs challenge vnto themselves the prerogative of the first place above any others In fountaines or springs wee are to consider three things their originall situation and places through which they passe The best springs in the judgement of Hippocrates are such as spring out of high places and earthy hills Such as spring out of rockes he mis-liketh as also such as runne neere any hot bath or thorow mineralls It may be objected that springs issuing out of rockes are by some of the antients accounted wholesomest and best It may bee Hippocrates in regard of their excessive cold and that they are not so passible thorow the body rejected them In the situation of springs wee are to consider the soile where it is seated and next the aspect of the Heaven As for the soile the best spring out of high hilly places but worse that spring out of champian and plaine grounds for such water in Winter is hot and in Sommer cold In regard of the Heaven such are commended that runne towards the Sunne rising and have their aspect that way Such as runne towards the West or other parts c are not of that high esteeme although not unwholesome to drinke Now the ground through which waters runne is not to bee neglected The best ground is a good firme clay unto the which the filth and corruption of the water sticketh fast Againe it must runne a swift course by which meanes it is freed from all smell and putrefaction But heere ariseth a question whether water carried through pipes especially of lead may safely be used The reason may bee both in regard of Galen and others antient Authors and famous in their generations Now
besides the closenesse of the passage thorow which it is conveyed they alleadge another inconvenient that by this passage the water draweth ceruse from the lead and these drossie dregges thus drawne from this ceruse say they engender the bloody flixe I answere that daily experience evinceth this to bee most false and erroneous as may bee seene in the Citie of Paris where such water is in most common and frequent request And if they bee sometimes subject thereunto it is rather to bee imputed to the slimy river of Seine than to these leaden pipes as their owne Physitians confesse Againe in Montpeliers the water is brought into the Towne by meanes of such leaden pipes and yet are they no wayes obnoxious to this disease and this is likewise the case of many other cities of that great and populous kingdome of France who are notwithstanding as free as the former But that wee may come neerer home what shall wee say to the noble City of London whither that river of Ware is conveied and by these leaden pipes distributed thorow that great body and yet it is well knowne that this is not a disease that much troubleth ordinarily this great and populous City And this Towne of Northampton maketh likewise use of these leaden pipes and yet the inhabitants are but seldome troubled with this disease and no doubt many like instances may be produced to prove this truth Againe ceruse which Vitru vius and others so much feare cannot be extracted out of lead except it be first steeped in strong vineger If any can object any thing else against such water the fire will make amends River-water partaketh of the same nature with Spring-water from whence it hath its originall and beginning yet commeth short of the former in regard of the slime and filth they carry with them as also in regard of the diversity of the natures of the springs whereof they are composed and therefore Avicenne commendeth rather the water of small Brookes than of great Rivers as likewise the further they runne from their springs the better he liketh them by reason the further they runne the more subtile and thinner they are howbeit Averroes his country-man is of another mind by reason that the further it runneth the more filth and corruption it gaineth Such therefore as abound in mudde and slime are the worst to be liked Waters of Lakes being alwaies renewed by their springs and tossed to and fro with the wind are not to be rejected Well-water being often drawne standing in a free and open aire with a large mouth may also be of good use but that which is otherwise declineth from this bonitie and therefore pumpe-water is not so good as open Well-water is Standing pond-water of all other is the worst and very prejudiciall to health Salt-water is not of ordinary use either to drinke or dresse meat with and this shall now suffice to have said of Waters in generall as they are serviceable for the use of mankinde reserving a more particular discourse of water untill wee come to speake of drinke As for the other two necessary and usefull elements wee deferre speaking of them untill wee come to the diet of the diseased But before we proceed to speake of elements assumed within the body wee purpose to discusse two questions and first CHAP. VIIJ. Whether any pure Element be able to nourish a mixt body and whether any such compound bee able to live by the sole use of the same BVt before we enter upon the discussing of this question it shall not be amisse to know what Aliment or nourishment is It is by Galen defined to be whatsoever increaseth or multiplieth the substance of our body and conserveth the same Now the substance of our bodie as hath bin said is threefold solid humid and spirituous or airy from whence the differences of aliments are desumed The solid parts are repaired by food the humid by drinke and the airie or spirits by sweet and comfortable smells Now that any thing cary the name of aliment or nourishment it ought to be indued with these qualities following In the first place it ought to be of quality hot and moist that it may the better repaire the decay of our naturall innate heat It is againe requisite that it affect our taste with a good rellish for what pleaseth the palat in taste often nourisheth well Now that which doth most affect the taste and is agreeable to nature is in taste sweet I meane not in excesse as to feed on sugar and sweet meates continually which being much used are more hurtfull than helpefull to health but in a meane not declining to any other as sharpe sowre c. and so is most acceptable to nature all other being rather Physicall than Alimentall as I may say And howsoever meat may in the taste be somwhat salt bitter c yet in the concoction there is made a sequestration of these qualities from the substance of the food and that onely which is sweet remaineth for nourishment Hippocrates writeth that all manner of creatures are nourished onely with sweet things which Aristotle also repeateth Againe that which nourisheth ought to be mixed and compounded and therefore pure elements are here excluded according to that vulgar saying Ex quibus constamus jisdem nutrimur And lastly it is required that there be a power of giving life Potentia vitae animationis And such things onely nourish which once have lived saith Theophrastus And there is an easier passage and change of such things as have a communication or symbolize in symbol or quality And for this cause the juyce which commeth of living creatures is farre easilier changed into our substance than that which is desumed from plants Now to the question Although then it hath bin hitherto received for an uncontrolled truth that no simple Element can nourish a mixt body yet som things seem to crosse this opinion and there is a common proverbial verse tending to this purpose Quatnor ex c. Now to discusse the truth of this question we will briefly runne thorow the foure elements and first of the fire It is reported by antient Authors that a certaine worme or flie called therefore Pyrausta is both bred and liveth in the fire which is notwithstanding most absurd and false and as concerning the vulgar conceit of the Serpent Salamandra living in the fire and with his cold frozen venomous moisture extinguishing the firie flames it is as false as the former as witnesseth Dioscoride and the Salmandra continuing any space in the fire is notwithstanding consumed to dust and ashes Now come we to â—â—e aire the next element It is the opinion of some that such as live altogether without any solid substance of food may be fed with the aire Indeed if people were so contented corne would be the cheaper and people then would not be so destitute
And of this simple there is a spirit quintessence distilled But beware of imposture if thou beest not well acquainted with the preparation Marjoram is a sweet pleasant and well smelling herbe hot and dry in operation and little inferior to the former in this respect It comforteth all the noble parts especially the stomacke and may with good successe be used to further concoction comfort the stomak discusse wind It much comforteth the brain also and as the precedent so is this good against all cold diseases of the braine and nervous parts But this as all other hot plants excelling in strong smell are most appropriate for phlegmaticke constitutions cold and moist braines and stomacks Hot cholericke bodies are thereby offended And very hot braines are offended with any strong smell I have knowne some whom the smell of a Damaske rose would presently make their heads ake Of the soveraine vertues of Sage few are ignorant and the singular good opinion the world had alwayes of this simple did minister occasion to aske the question why any man dyed that had sage growing in his garden To which it was as truely againe answered that against death no Physicke was to be found The qualities for heat and drouth doe much accord with those of the plants last spoken of It is above all others most effectuall against all cold diseases of the braine and nervous parts and therefore good for those who are obnoxious to Palsies and Apoplexies It is good also to strengthen all the noble parts and very good against wind It is very good to comfort and cleanse the cold and moist womb and fit it for conception And being of an astringent and corroborating quality it is good to prevent abortion in such as be thereunto subject as also good against womens immoderate fluxes The country people in Germany thinke themselves free from poyson all that day after if they eat in a morning three leaves of sage with a little salt well dried and taken in a pipe as is usuall to take tobacco it would produce a farre more safe and certaine effect in cold and moist braines and so might prove an excellent preservative against Apoplexies Epilepsies and all manner of cold rheumaticke defluxions commonly called by the name of colds And I am perswaded that if it were to us unknowne and brought from the East or West-Indies or som other remote region and so begunne to bee taken by some of our Shagd or Slasht Mounsieurs we should quickly have it thus used in the country for we are all now for the new cut Bawme is a soveraine good cordiall herbe and is very good against melancholy strengtheneth the braine and helpeth the memory where the defect is from a cold cause It is more used for Physicke than for food and yet it may wel be used in broths and in sallets mingled with cooling herbs especially when it is yet tender and young There is a strong water stilled out of it very good in palpitation of the heart and other such infirmities especially where there is no great heat It is hot and dry in quality about the second degree Betonie is no lesse hot and dry than the former a very good herbe howbeit in greater request for Physicke than for food and yet may it well be used in broths It is a soveraine good herbe for many both outward and inward diseases It is esteemed principally good for the braine and cold infirmities of the same It is likewise good against inward obstructions and is good also to cleanse the kindneies and all the urinary passages with many other vertues which were heere too long to relate and shall suffice to have reckoned up the principall There is an herbe called Tarragon as hot as any we have yet named of a pleasant and delectable smell and comfortable both to head and heart whereof is also sometimes made use in the kitchin and is used in sallets being used with cooling herbs It may be used of cold and phlegmatick nauseous stomacks and so it both warmeth the same and furthereth concoction Hyssop is sometimes used in broths or pottage although in a small quantity being hot and dry about the third degree or not farre off it being also of a thinne attenuating and cutting quality It is good for the head but principally for the breast and obstructions of the pipes of the lungs and singular good for attenuation and expectoration of tough phlegmaticke humors Phlegmaticke cold obstructed bodies may freeliest use it Time a soveraine good and usefull herbe is as hot and dry if not more than hyssop and is in no small request both for food and physicke being especially good in cold infirmities and phlegmaticke constitutions against the wind colicke weakenesse of stomacke and may also conveniently be used against melancholy and for many other infirmities which for brevity I here passe by Savourie is much of the same vertue that Time and appropriated for the like infirmities It is used amongst other pot-herbs howbeit alwayes in a small quantity and mingled with many cooling herbes And this is alwayes in the use of pot-herbs to be observed that there be a small proportion of these hot and dry herbs used to a greater quantity of those of a cooling quality Besides the herbes themselves some of them bring forth a frâ—utâ— which is in no small esteeme among many We will beginne with the garden thistle which although it beareth not properly any fruit yet is it answerable thereunto for before it flowre it sendeth forth as it were a fruit which is in no small request and used by most people It is most commonly eaten boiled with butter vineger pepper and salt The young and tender stalkes used after the same manner are nothing inferior to themselves The Italians eat Artichockes raw while they are yet young and tender with pepper and salt which is a food nothing worth ingendring crude grosse and evill nourishment Galen saith it ingendreth but bad nourishment boiled and dressed much more than raw But being used moderately they will not offend the body They are accounted hot and dry howbeit I thinke ours doe not exceed the first degree They are esteemed flatuous and to excite lust and are with all diureticke provoking urine and cleansing the passages of urine There are three sorts of these fruits of herbs which have som affinity among theÌ„selves especially two of them The first is by the Latines called Cucurbita Citrullus by the French Citroulle and in English a Gourd and by som a melon It is cold and moist ingendring no good humors in the body and never to be eaten raw but boiled or rather fried with butter or oile and onions or the like which may correct this cold and moist quality It is of it selfe insipid and therefore the French use to adde to it vinegar or verâ—uice as some use here in England also It may
wilde fowle the best is very tender easie of digestion good for all ages and conditions ingendreth good nourishment agreeing well with the stomacke There is also a great Moore-cocke or Heath-cocke called uro-gallus or uraga and greater than our ordinary Cocke yeelding little in goodnesse to our Turkies howbeit somewhat drier and harder of digestion There be divers sorts of little Birds in no small esteeme for ordinary use some of them very good and some againe not worth the eating the Larke is of a good and laudable nourishment and best and fattest in coldest weather they have ever beene dignified with a certaine vertue against the wind-colicke And for this purpose some wish to stuffe them with Garlicke but then they lose much of their reputation Garlike of it selfe being able to bring this to passe Some to make them eat plump and fat rost them with their guts every man as hee likes The Thrush is counted little inferiour to the former yeelding indifferent good nourishment but that it is somewhat hotter and as Larkes so are these also best in Winter and cold weather It was in high esteeme among the antient Romans Sparrowes nourish much and increase both blood and sperme and yet are they hard of digestion especially rosted but the best way is to boile them and then hast thou the benefit both of their bodies and their broth which is restorative The Linnet yeeldeth good nourishment and is easier of digestion than the Sparrow and may safely be used of any Blacke-Birds although esteemed by some a good nourishment yet others are of opinion they are better to delight the eare with their musicke than to feed the belly being bitter in taste and hard of digestion but if eaten the fattest are the best The Starline is rather worse and therefore utterly to be rejected Whatsoever opinion some have of the Wood-cocke and would parallell it with the Partridge yet affordeth it but a dry melancholick nourishment being withall hard of digestion the Winter is their season The Suite or Snipe is worse than the Wood-cocke being more unpleasant to the taste harder of concoction and nourisheth lesse and is very apt to ingender melancholy And the like may I say of that little bird called Fildfare so common and frequent here every where in the Winter season and therefore all such as are any waies disposed to melancholy let them be very carefull and circumspect how they adventure on such meats Rails are of very good use yeeld good nourishment and are easie of digestion The Plover hath purchased a great reputation and high esteeme of a dainty dish and although it be none of the worst so is it none of the best neither being somewhat hard of digestion and not so good for melancholicke persons The Lapwing by some called the greene Plover is by some likewise in high esteeme and yet is it inferiour to the Plover and therefore I thinke them wisest that make no use of it at all especially when they are well supplied with store of other good food Such as are in want must make use of anything Some of those already named live in Moores or watrish and fenny places but besides these there are a many more both greater and smaller fowle that live both in and about waters which for the most part are nothing so good nor yeeld so good and wholesome a nourishment as other fowle which live most commonly in drier places and feed on better food Amongst all these the Swan is the biggest and yet not the best It ingendereth melancholy and is very hard of digestion affording but bad nourishment And howbeit it agree somewhat with the Goose in the nature of nourishment yet is it farre inferiour and of harder concoction It is accustomed to be served in for a dish at great feasts with the first course but those that feed well on this dish I warrant them need no second course or else they have better stomacks than their neighbours Of Duckes there be both wilde and tame all which frequent waters and live most therein They are ranked amongst food of good nourishment being hard of digestion and ingender store of excrementitious moist nourishment especially the tame ones the wilde are of a more solid and firme flesh and will indifferently nourish a strong robust body that can well digest it But of choicer stomacks these and all water-fowle are to be avoided as also of melancholicke persons and such as use but little exercise as students c. But Ducklings being fed with good food are easier of digestion and ingender indifferent good nourishment yet they are farre fitter for hot and drie bodies than for phlegmaticke and moist complexions The Heron Storke Crane Bustard Bittour afford no good nourishment at all but are all very hard of concoction and ingender nothing but melancholy and abundance of bad humours Caveat emptor And indeede such fowle give no approbation to the palate of their worth and sufficiencie no more than doth the Sea-meaw or Sea-gull and many other such fowle of an unpleasant fishie taste The Teale notwithstanding hath procured unto it selfe a good reputation and not without cause above his fellow-water fowles It is easie of digestion nourisheth indifferent well and will not offend a weake stomacke seldome in water-fowle to be observed The Moore-Hen called also by some a Fenne-Durke although somewhat more cōmendable than many other water-fowle in regard of the fatnesse yet are they not freed from the faults wherewith other wilde fowle frequenting waters are charged There be yet many more both water-fowles and which live neer and in the water and fens and watry places which either are not so much in use and request as the former or if they be yet differ they not in nature from the former by the which one may easily judge of their natures and properties And among such as live in drier places some are sometime accustomed to eat some other kindes of fowle as Rookes or young Crowes and some others the which notwithstanding are neither so usefull nor yet of so good and laudable an aliment as others in more frequent and ordinary use But these be the chiefe and which most frequently furnish our tables But befor wee finish this discourse of fowle I will say something of some parts of them as also of things which proceed from them namely their egges In fowle both wilde and tame some parts are preferred before others In fat Capons Hens Turkies the wing is esteemed the best and daintiest in Geese Duckes and water-fowle the legges as being in perpetuall motion And for the same reason in Partridges and other wilde fowle the wing is esteemed the best But the pulpous flesh about the breast by reason of the hearts neighbourhood being drier declineth from that degree of goodnesse The Braines of the great water-fowles as of Swanne Goose and Ducke
Africans And this is both by Pliny and many other Authors witnessed How the Aethiopians catch them with smoake and salt them up may be seene in Authours this being their chiefe food whereon in these countries they most ordinarily feed They use either to boile them or else to dry them in the Sunne and beat them to powder and make meale of them And that they were used of the inhabitants of Arabia Foelix whereunto Iudea adjoined or was not at least farre distant from it is apparent by Iohn Baptist his diet Now by the way by occasion of mentioning Iohn Bapttist it is to be observed that Iohn did indeed feed upon such beasts and not upon the buds of certaine herbs as some would have him drawing the Greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to their owne interpretation which notwithstanding in any antient Author is not found in such a signification as they would have it And it is againe reported by Epâ—phanius that some Iewes desirous to be lye the truth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying thereby certaine junkets made of hony or oile whereof mention is made Exod. 16. and Num. 11. But these and many others which for brevity I passe by are but frivolous and farre fetcht and therefore let us rest upon this that Iohn Baptist did indeed feed upon such a food contenting himselfe with this austere kind of diet Locusts and wild hony Now this same late alleged author tells us that this need not seeme so strange untous since that even of late yeeres some Germane souldiors even in so great an abundance of all manner of provision yet used ordinarily to fry Silke-wormes and eate them with no small delight and that not without good reason for such things as are indued with no noisome smell or taste depend onely upon opinion which is a good rule to be observed in the use of uncouth food And the Italians eat another worme differing from the other but in colour to outward appearance it being black and the former of a reddish colour and yet are such with them esteemed as greatest dainties although ingendred of putrefaction and not of Egges as both the Locusts and Silke-wormes are Now that the Locust was a food and used to be eaten even among the Iewes themselves at least some sorts may by the 11. chap. of Levit. appeare where foure sorts of Locusts were allowed to be eaten and therefore called cleane and other three sorts forbidden and called uncleane Of these creatures I could make a long and large discourse relating their severall names and natures together with divers histories of their hurt done in severall Countries at several times with many other things to them belonging which I willingly passe by Whoso desireth to know more concerning these creatures Let him read Pliny and others even our late alleged Author But besides all the sorts of creatures usefull for mankind as though this were not yet sufficient and that our bountifull God had abridged us of necessary provision for the sustentation of this fraile life mans boldnesse hath yet extended it selfe to strange and prodigious dishes So that now we are not contented to feed on Sheep and Cattell Hens and Capons and other such creatures usefull for the maintaining of the life of man and fit them for our tables but prodigious gluttony hath now devised to feed upon the excrements of the earth the slime and scum of the water the superfluity of the woods and putrefaction of the sea to wit to feed on frogs snailes mushroms and oisters And that this custome hath beene very antient may by Pliny appeare who writeth that they used to feed snailes in warrens as they did other creatures And it seemeth that such creatures were at the first used either as Physicke or in the defect and want of better food And it seemeth that some antient Physitians used frogs in Consumptions and wasting away of the bodie as also in that oppilation of the pipes of the lungs called isthma But this was never their meaning that they should be either of them or any other as an ordinary food but rather Physicke or at least physicall food alimentum medicamentosum But to speake the very truth both frogs and snailes are now adaies rather used for wantonnesse and to please our curious palats than for any necessity or defect of other food And thus are they ordinarily used in France and some other countries although yet not in frequent use with us howbeit one of these daies these dishes may become as common as our new French fashions of apparell To enter upon a large discourse of the nature properties and preparation of frogs and the manner of using them is not here my purpose and therefore leave it to them that have more leisure and purpose to feed upon them If any have a purpose to use them let them beware of those that are venomous And my advice shall bee rather to abstaine from such things wherein there may be either danger or doubt and to make choice of that which is free from either where there is such choice and variety And this I would have also understood concerning mushroms whereof some thing hath been said already and the like As concerning Snailes they are used for food both in France and other neighbouring countries and for this purpose as the antient Romans fed them in their warrens so doe some even at this day feed them in their gardens Now some are of opinion that Snailes are of a very nourishing faculty and for this cause our women doe often ordinarily indifferently exhibit them in Consumptions of any kind whatsoever sometimes in milke and sometimes in broth even as their owne fancie leadeth them But by the way if Snailes be so nourishing I wonder why our Papists use them so ordinarily in the time of Lent when as they will not allow so much as a bit of Porke or powdered beefe They may well answer they may as well be allowed as wine and I thinke so too and farre better and nourish farre lesse and with lesse speed I am sure than wine and divers other things they use The reason why they are esteemed of so alimentall or nourishing a nature is by reason say som that in Winter they are able to sustaine themselves with their owne substance and that for this same cause Galen appointeth them in Hecticke Fevers and consumptions But the truth is that these creatures by reason of their viscidity and glutinous tough substance and the imbecillity and want of naturall hear loose little or nothing of this their tough and glutinous substance and by consequent need no reparation of the same And as for the exhibition of them in Hecticke Fevers it is rather by way of humectation and refrigeration than for any strong alimentall quality hee acknowledgeth in them And that they participate of such a slimie glutitinous substance may from hence also evidently appeare saith the late
alleaged Author in that by Chymicall art and industrie this slimy substance may with small paines be converted into a stone This might therefore in my opinion deterre any from the use of such an aliment especially such as are of a weake stomacke are troubled with the stone in the bladder or kidnies arthritical infirmities as gout sâ—hiâ—cira c. As also any obstructions of the inward parts liver spleen c. I have somewhat the longer of set purpose insisted upon this kinde of food because it is growne an ordinray custome here in the countrie as I have said in any consumption nay in any supposed and but surmised weakenesse or frivolous feare thereof indifferently to exhibit this dish in manner as I have said Besides this is done without any consideration of circumstances either of age strength time of the disease c. And therefore I leave it to the understanding and judicious Reader to judge whether this be a legall and laudable course or no. And withall let the judicious and ingenious Reader judge of the necessity and utility of handling the diet of the diseased Besides all the former sorts of diet there hath a barbarous and inhumane custome of killing and eating mans flesh not of late onely but even many yeeres agoe crept into the world insomuch that wee know for a truth that now there are divers of those Anthropophagi or men-eaters in divers places of the world And truely I thinke there is scare any among vs that would easily have beleeved that any that bare ingraven the stamp and image of his Maker could ever have harboured so barbarous a thought within his breast farre lesse to have acted so tragicall and inhumane a crueltie unlesse it had been by divers true histories testified unto us and related by word of mouth by those who to their great griefe have been spectators of so barbarous and inhumane a cruell custome The late histories of such as have travelled of late yeeres into those parts of the Westerne world doe evidently witnesse the truth thereof And it is yet further recorded that in some of those places they keepe ordinarily shambles of mens flesh as we doe of beefe and mutton and other flesh and besides if they thinke their Slaves will yeeld them more mony cut out by the joint than sold alive if there were but a halfe penny saved they will bee sure to send him to the shambles I doubt not but that the very reading of these things will strike a certaine horror and amazement in the minds of many men with an horresco legens when they consider of the customes of these cruellest Caniballs of all others and iustly so they may But have we no such devouring Caniballs here at home among our selves The law would take hold of so barbarous a fact But if there be not as bad if not worse Caniballs among our selves let the world judge I could instance in many several sorts of extortioners and daily grinders of the faces of the poore if this were a theme befitting my person profession But there is one particular kind which not in my private opinion alone but of many both of the most judicious and honest hath beene alwayes accounted and reputed as horrible and cruell an oppression as any other whatsoever if not far crueller My meaning is of depopulating inclosure wherby many wealthy townes who before maintained a number of able people and fit in time of need to doe their country good service have now for the most part left only a sheepherd and his dog But the judgements of God upon their Persons or at least upon their posterity most of them I meane are yet so recent in the memories of most now living that I need say no more but wish that others may take warning CHAP. XXI Of severall sorts of Fishes both of the Sea and fresh waters and the various and divers nourishment they breed in the body AS in the land we may not without wonder and admiration behold the great bounty our gracious God so in that liquid element of water is no lesse to bee seene the rich liberality of our great Lord and Maker in affording us for food so great variety of severall sorts of fishes All fishes are of a cold and moist temperature but some exceeding others in bounty according to the nature of the water and places wherin they live Now all fishes live either in the salt-water which we call the Sea or in fresh-waters as Rivers Lakes Pools or Ponds The Sea-fish are accounted the best as being of a firmer substance hotter and drier and not so clammy and slimy as the fresh-water Fish they are also more savory and nourish better Among sea-fishes againe such as have scales and firme substances are the best and such as are inclosed within shells divers of them as Lobsters afford the body good and solid nourishment Others of a softer and slimier and cartilaginous substance are not so good That fish that liveth in a pure water tossed to and fro with waves is better than that which hath lesse agitation and motion and liveth in a more muddy water And such as live most neare a rocky or sandy shore are better than where there is much slime and mudde and therefore were Pisces saxatiles or rockie fish for this cause so called in so high an esteeme among antient Physitians And so among fresh-water-fish such as live most commonly in cleere rockie or gravelly Rivers and which are of a swift course are the best an of best nourishment Such fish againe as live in slimy and muddy waters in the fens marshes Ponds Pools and motes are nothing so good nor yeeld any good and laudable nourishment to the body And howsoever Fish have beene in use and great esteeme among the ancients especially the Romans and sold at a very high rate yet if wee compare their nourishment with that of flesh it is in many respects farre inferior to it as not yeelding so wholesome and laudable a nourishment to the body And it is to bee also observed that fish are greatest enemies to cold the moist phlegmaticke bodies and old age especially the moistest and slimiest Now something of some sorts of fish And first wee will beginne with the Sturgeon called of the antient Romans as is supposed Acipenser and by some the sea-peacock which was in so great request among the antient Romans that not onely was it served in to the table with musicall Pomp but even they also who carried it in were to weare garlands on their heads The Sturgeon is of a reasonable good nourishing substance if it be not too fat which will easily cloy the stomacke and then take heed of surfetting with this dish which hath indangered some and cost some their life for want of good take heed We have it commonly brought to us barrelled up from the Easterne countries being commonly used at great feasts and then by reason of the salt
helpeth concoction and expelleth urine But still let the same cautions be observed which have beene mentioned in the use of other spices There is out of this likewise distilled a noble water and in great request for the aforesaid purposes in the use whereof notwithstanding I wish everyone especially women to be wise and circumspect Saffron although it be a simple growing with us here at home and in our owne soile yet is it nothing inferior to any of the former in regard of the excellency thereof for use It is hot in the second and dry in the first degree and much comforteth and cheereth the heart and reviveth the vitall spirits It is exceeding good against all obstructions both in man and woman against all obstructions of the liver against the Jaundize and stuffing of the pipes of the lungs good also to further the menstruall courses and facilitate the birth and therefore let women with child beware of the use thereof And I advise all to a moderate use of it by reason that taken in too great abundance it much offendeth the head and braine and oftentimes procureth the head-ach And this shall suffice to have said in briefe concerning the matter of diet in generall both for the whole and sicke as also of some sauces and spices in most frequent and ordinary use and concerning divers other things as yet here omitted in the diet of the diseased shall hereafter bee somewhat said at greater length And as concerning our spices although now we be well supplied from forraine parts yet are we not here at home unfurnished of many excellent and wholesome aromaticall plants very wholesome both in the use of physicke and food and whereof we have frequent and often use such as are Rosemary Lavander Time Savorie Sage Mints Penniroyal Basil sweet Cervill Avens Angelica and many others And a Germane Physitian much wondreth at his owne nation that being so well supplied at home with so many excellent aromaticall simples his country men are so eager of out-landish spices which both by reason of the remotenesse of those regions the difficulty of transportation the carelessenesse of the merchant and divers frauds and impostures are often brought unto us rotten worme-eaten or at least that have lost a great deale of their vertues CHAP. XXIII Of Gluttony and excesse in the use of food HAving now discoursed of severall sorts of Aliments and the right use of them I thinke it not amisse to say something of the abuse of these creatures and the great damage and danger doth from thence insue and this excesse we commonly call Gluttony and such as doe thus exceed we call Gluttons and Belli-gods Now if ever this saying Plures gula quam gladio perire More perish by intemperance than by the sword I thinke it is verified in this age wherein wee live Plato in his time esteemed that citie intemperate which mainteined many Physitians and used alwaies to exhort his followers to sobriety And remember saith Epictetus the Philosopher that at thy meales thou alwaies interteinest two guests the soule and body and that both these are by gluttony and intemperance oppressed and not refreshed The wise man wisheth thee to consider diligently what is be before thee and put a knife to thy throat saith he if thou be a man given to thy appetite Be not desirous of his dainties for they are deceitfull meat And since the life of man is since the first age of the world so much abbreviated why wilt thou by intemperanee abbreviate that small portion of time allotted thee here to live And if it be forbidden to kill another what barbarous inhumane cruelty is it for thee to lay violent hands upon thy selfe Now Gluttonie and intemperance weakeneth the naturall vigor and strength of the whole body together with all the senses and hindreth the right operation of the soule maketh the body crasy the life short and uncomfortable Whosoever therefore loveth his life and is desirous to injoy the benefit of health let him use a moderation in his meat and drinke and so let him use these good creatures to comfort and strengthen nature and not to give the full swinge to his disorderly appetite To reckon up all the diseases procured by this Gluttony were too tedious but let it suffice that in a word few diseases there are which are not by this belly-god sin of Gluttony procured to the body as Apoplexie Epilepsie Incubus called Night-mare all manner of distillations or rheumes oppression of the stomacke Crudities Vomits Lasks of severall kindes putrid Fevers of severall sorts disquietnesse and watching together with a multitude of other more And some who have been for a long time tormented with that mercilesse tyrant the Gout which contemned most generous remedies by means of abstinence and spare diet have at length recovered their perfect health The mind also and that reasonable soule which maketh a man differ from unreasonable creatures is not a little also by this odious sinne of Gluttony interessed and damnified Is it not apparent that it blunts the edge of the understanding Dulls and deads the intellectuall and reasonable part of the soule and breeds a sluggishnesse drowzinesse and stupiditie in the whole man and doth it not by this meanes make a man altogether unfit for any noble or excellent imploiment Let no man then esteeme this a small sinne which is also so antient that it had its originall in Paradice and joined with pride was the first originall and beginning of all the misery that ever befell mortall man Besides this Gluttony proveth fatall to a mans fortunes and in a few yeeres moneths or weekes wasteth that which might have mainteined many a multitude of yeeres And therefore we see daily by woefull experienee that many young gallants having in a very short space galloped out of great estates as having never well learned that golden lesson Non minor est virtus quam quaerere parta tueri It 's no lesse courage to mainteine than things at first to get and gaine Fall at length into penury and poverty and then being brought up in idlenesse and ease in affluence and abundance and without any lawfull calling the bane and breake-necke of many a young Gentleman before they will wrong their backe and bellie will rather betake themselves to some such unlawfull courses that will at length bring them to a tragicall and shamefull end Now because by reason of sinne the nature of man is so apt to exceed in the too too liberall use of the creatures therefore as well the sacred Oracles as prophane writers have shewed their dislike of this odious sinne and exhorted us to sobrietie And if the wise man commend sobriety in Princes whose prerogative royall might seeme to beare them out in excesse far beyond ordinary people what shall wee say of others Blessed art thou O Land when thy King is the sonne of Nobles and thy Princes eat in due
season for strength and not for drunkennesse Woe unto thee O Land when thy King is a child and thy Princes eat in the morning Haere againe the counsell of another wise man A very little is sufficient for a man well nurtured and he fetcheth not his wind short upon his bed Sound sleepe commeth of moderate eating he riseth early and his wits are with him but the paine of watching and choler and the pangs of the belly are with an unsatiable man It is againe in another place recorded that idlenesse and fulnesse of bread that is excesse in diet was the sinne of Sodom And the rich Glutton who fared delitiously every day descended into hell when poore Lazarus was carried into Abrahams bosome Among the Heathens of old it will seeme no strange newes to heare of such Belly-gods as for one Sergius Aurata Abidius a Citizen of Rome Fabius who for his great Gluttony was metaphorically called gurges a gulfe or deepe pit Aesop the stage-plaiers sonne is to posterity recorded for a notorious and extraordinary glutton who to the end hee might the more easily overcome his great patrimonie dissolved faire orientall Pearles and served them in at table for ordinary dishes and besides provided great store of Parrats and other singing birds purchased at a high price and had them likewise served in at table as though they had beene but ordinary Guat snappers I need not instance in any more of these antient and notorious Gluttons but would wish that the Christian world yea our owne countrie yeelded us not too many instances in so much that of this one subject I might write whole volumes But I think there is none but can find instances enough without fetching them from farre which may save me a labour But let us heare how the very Heathens had this sin in detestation That noble Orator Tullie hath this golden sentence To say that sensualitie or voluptuousnesse is that chiefe happinesse to be sought after seemeth to me a speech better beseeming a beast than a man The same Author againe relateth that when that famous Philosopher Aristotle had read the Epitaph of that Epicurean Assyrian King Sardanapalus which himselfe had commanded to be set over him after his death Haec habeo quae edi quaeque exatura libido Hansit at illa jacent multa preclara relicta What I have eaten that I have this doth me grieve and gall That good things left my belly paunch cannot devoure them all What other Epitaph saith he couldest thou have set over the sepulchre of an oxe and not of a King But heare a little now the heathen Poets upon Belligod-Gluttons Quum corpus onustum Externis vitijs animum quoque praegravat una Atque affigit humo divinae particulam aurae When as the body burdned is with outward sinne and vice It also loads the inward mind and weyes it downe likewise And fastneth unto th' earth that little part of heavenly breath Heare yet againe another speake to the same purpose Qui pote vis dicam nugaris cum tibi calve Pinguis aqualiculus propenso sesquipede extet O bald head shall I tell thee true to write it doth not boot So long as thy fat lericum-panch hangs out full halfe a foot And another speaketh yet in the language Et quibus in solo vivendi causa palato est Egregius coenat meliusque miserrimus horum Et cito casurus in paupertatem lapsurus jam perlucente ruina Hoc est egestate apparante Talibus a Dominis luxuriosis post cuncta novissimus exit Annulus digito mendicat Pollio nudo c. And those to whom the cause of life doth in their Palats rest Who sup and dine most sumptuously still faring of the best Yet such men are most miserable and soone fall to decay When they have made their guts their god and spent their wealth away From such like Prodigalls as these when all things else are sold Off from their thumbs and fingers goe their rings of purest gold Which being sold and spent for food they still remaine full poore And are constrain'd without their rings to beg from doore to doore But heare yet a lively description of such a spend-thrift set down by another Poet. Nec mora quod Pontus quod terra quod educat aer Poscit appositis queritur jejunia mensis Quodque satis poterat popalo non sufficit vni Plusque cupit quo plura suum demittit in alvum Vtque fretum recipit de tota flumina terra Nec satiatur aquis peregrinosque ebibit amnes Vtque rapax ignis non ulla alimenta recusat Innumerasque faces cremat qua copia major Est data plura petit turbaque voraeior ipsa est Sic epula omnes Erisichthonis ora prophani Accipiunt poscuntque fimul cibus omnis in illo Causa cibi est semperque locus fit inanis edendo There 's no delay what from the Sea the earth aire doth proceed This man requires blames fasting when tables are furnished He among dainties dainties seekes and what is fully able To satisfie great multitudes will not suffice his table The more he sends into his paunch the more he still would have Even as the Sea from the whole earth all rivers doth receive And yet with water is not fill'd nor with no rainie showres All floods that flow from forren lands it drinkes up and devoures And as devouring fire we see no fewell doth forsake But all the fagots cast therein doth dust and ashes make And still the more you cast therein the more it still desires Such is the nature as we see of all outragious fires Even so Erisicthons greedy gut receives and craves withall In him one dainty dish of meat doth for another call This Glutton alwayes hath a place still emptie in his bellie case Now I will make it appeare that great Princes even of the Heathens themselves have had this vice in great detestation Histories record that Alexander the Great being in the Palace of the Kings of Persia read what was written in a pillar of brasse concerning the Kings dinner and supper and the ordinances concerning that businesse set downe by Cyrus wherein was set downe of pure wheat-floure about 400 bushells of a second sort of courser floure 300 bushells and of another third sort 300 more in all 1000. Of barley floure a 1000 bushells Of Oates 200 bushells Oat-meale for pudding gruell c. 10 bushells and so of all other things proportionably as 400 fat hogges a 100 beeves 30 horses 400 fat geese and so proportionably of divers other kinds of fowle and other provision both for ordinary food and sauces The Macedonians reading all this great provision for one day admired this great Prince as a most happy man But Alexander deriding all this prodigality accounted him most miserable and unhappy as being intangled with too many affaires and for this cause
either water or strong drinke but especially water or small drinke Hippocrates maketh mention of wrestler whâ— after violent motion and agitation of his whole body and all covered with sweat drinking a great draught of cold water died suddenly and this was also the fatall end of the famous Physitian Valerius Cordus Many more such histories are related by the learned Schenekius And in France my body being then in the like case and had almost bin made an addition to the former examples For after a draught of colâ— water in the heat of Sommer I was immediatly after surpized first with a single and after with a double tertian fever and to adde yet unto my former misâ—rteâ—â—l was shortly after about the beginning of the canicular daies surprized with the blody flixe at that time epidemicall and for the most part mortall in most places of France especially Southward the which together with the former infirmities did adhere unto me almost a quarter of a yeere and recovered not my full strength againe for the space of a whole halfe yeere and upwards Now as meat so is drinke not to be excessively and inordinatly used but stinted and limited to a certaine determinate quantity And howsoever I confesse it is impossibe to regulate and determine how much every particular and individuall person ought to drinke and that by reason of the difference of countries and climats of divers and various constitutions and severall obseruable circumstances yet may we still aime at a certaine decorum or golden mediocrity alwaies as in other things so in this diligently to be observed The antients as it seemeth observed even a set number of draughts at their set meales which were 3 as witnesseth the Poet and the same number was determined by the Synod of Nants Democritus as witnesseth Pliny wrote a booke wherein hee averreth that no man ought to drinke foure draughts at one meale and it was a saying of the antients the first draught is good against drougth the second is for mirth the third for pleasure and delight and the fourth made one madde But because the number of draughts is nothing the quantity of the draught being that wee are to build upon therefore that was also regulated among the antients There were among the antient Romans three usuall measures for drinke called by these names triens sextans deunx The middlemost was the least being under foure ounces and with the which sober people contented themselves that called triens was about a quarter of our wine pint not above foure ounces the last was above our wine pint Sober people contented themselves with the smallest measure and such as assumed some more liberty proceeded to the other but intemperate persons would adventure on the last and biggest measure Cato allowed to labouring men and such as wrought hard about three English pints of wine aday which perhaps was then ordinary for such kindes of people But mee thinks I heare some by reason of that which hath beene already said aske mee a question whether a draught of drinke in a morning fasting be not in the rules of wholesome diet to be allowed of Their colour to cleare this their custome is this a draught in a morning say they washeth downe all ill humors that lie in the stomack or places adjoining and withall is good against the stone I answer thy draught is either strong drinke or small if strong then have I the authority of our famous antient Physitians on my side that this is very hurtfull to the health Indeede during the Empire of Tiberius Caesar saith Pliny the Physitians some fortie yeeres agoe appointed that people should drinke fasting and that onely by meanes of some cunning Physitians willing by some plausible novelty to skrew themselves into the favour of the people And it seemeth there is some recent authoritie at least to beginne our meales with drinke But Galen is flat against this preposterous custome of drinking thus fasting averring that to drink strong drink fasting is very hurtfull for the nerves and nervous parts and withall hasteneth and procureth to the body many dangerous diseases as Epilepsie Apoplexie and many others It is therefore farre better for thy health to eat a little before thou drinke But some will say I will take but a draught of small drinke which is good against the stone To this I answer that howsoever this be a seeming reason yet to mee it is none at all for by this meanes thou causest the more speedie descent of those glutinous and feculent humours toward the kidnies and bladder and by consequent rather furtherest than hinderest either the generation or increase of the stone as the like is also by the unseasonable and too frequent use of diureticall medicines often procured But if thou wilt drinke then the best will be to eat a little before thou drinkest and this like a Sponge will drinke up this liquor and afterwards these superfluous excrements will at great leisure be thorow the guts expelled out of the body Some hot and dry bodies may perhaps plead for some privilege who of all others are most to be excused especially if they be not rheumaticke and in such a case let not the drinke be too strong And as for antient people and cold constitutions who perhaps will take it ill to be abbridged of their morning draught of wines muscadine sweet canary and the like with a tost soked in them and eaten are the best and a cup of good wholesome ale with a tost some nutmegge and sugar may be allowed But the ordinary use of morning draughts being indifferently of every one used is not so good for the health of the body whatsoever our tost pots prate to the contrarie And now I proceed to the next In the next place it may be demanded whether it be good to begin our meales as likewise to end the same with a draught As for the first it hath beene by mani holden as an oracle to beginne the meale with drink which was also held by the Salernitan Schoole and with us it is holden for an ordinary and inveterate custome to beginne our meale with a cup of sacke Now as in many other things so in this particular also can we set downe no certaine precise rule which may fit every particular individuall constitution But this according to my opinion and of our Physitians of the best note is the best for health in ordinary constitutions and the most part of people to beginne their meales with solid food And from this rule none is to be exempted unlesse some hot dry constitution and in such bodies the pot may be washed as some use to say or rather moistned before the meat be put into it providing alwaies there be no pottage or other liquid meats in which case they may well supply the place of drinke And besides as concerning the use
the best spring water or good river-water In quantity it must not exceed for so it would hinder the concoction of the stomacke And as for the order it must be drunke as is already in the generall directions of drinke set downe little and often at a meale Vsed before meales it moistneth much dry bodies and cooleth more than sacke or any wine whatsoever be it never to small and therefore fitter for hot and drie bodies than wine or strong drinke Vsed after meales it inhibiteth and hindereth the hot vaporous fumes of strong drinke to ascend into the braine and so is said to resist drunkennesse but I advise weake stomackes to looke unto themselves for feare of too much debilitation proceeding from too much humectation And howbeit in hot countries their water by reason of correction by the splendor of the Sunne-beames is accounted wholesomer than ours yet might ours be farre more used than it is especially by hot and dry bodies especially such stomacks and yonger people especially but this is the mischiefe that such commonly powre downe most strong drinke by this meanes adding fewell to the fire untill Fevers inflammations and such furious diseases in the very Aprill of their age bring them to an untimely death And the poorer sort I am sure might make more use of the same than ordinarily they doe which would better become them than go a begging strong drinke or which is yet worse steale to procure mony to buy it And notwithstanding this our nicity I know som honourable and worshipfull Ladies who drinke little other drinke and yet injoy more perfect health than most of them that drinke of the strongest Two things do most deterre people from the use of this noble antient drinke the coldnesse and the crudity As for the coldnesse howsoever it doth often actually to the palat appeare such yet have I shewed that there is no such intense cooling quality here to be feared The other is the crudity which is indeed nothing else but the abundance of moisture wherewith it is indowed and most offensive to weake and moist stomackes and all is notwithstanding ordinarily imputed to the coldnesse of water Some to correct what they deeme amisse in water use to adde some sugar to it and so thinke all is well amended and is most practised by the female sex But this is no good correction for of this they cannot be ignorant and experience teacheth no lesse that sweet things doe rather hurt than helpe a weake and tender stomacke And besides Sugar being but temperately hot could adde but a little heat to such a drinke if it were as cold as is supposed Againe sugar having no drying quality ascribed unto it but rather a meane moisture it will rather adde to than detract from this moist quality But in my opinion the best correction is by boiling it first and then if thou wilt adde thereunto a little hony or sugar and a little wine vineger which well correcteth the moisture and joined with the other sugar or hony giveth it a pleasant rellish thou maiest make thee a pleasant and wholesome drinke Now as concerning the boiling of waters there is a controversie about the quantity or how much should be boiled away some willing to boile water to the wasting away of the third part others of the halfe which others againe thinke too much and indeed a meane is the best Againe some would have water corrected by distillation which I must needes confesse to be best if not too costly besides that it is not so easy every where and at all times to be effected Some straine it thorow a cleane linnen cloth and some againe boile it with sand Some with corall beaten to powder correct the bitternesse of waters and some attribute a correcting qualitie to Penniroall Pliny reports that bitter waters are made sweet and potable by casting into them a little meale or flowre of wheat so that they may bee drunke within two houres after I doubt this triall would hardly answere our expectation And I am sure the practice of the Prophet Elisha in healing the water with salt was miraculous It is familiar with mariners after the use of evill waters to eat garlicke The Arabian Physitians advise him who is to remove his habitation to a place where waters are not good to carry with him some of the earth where hee lived before and mingle with his water and being well strained drink of it Now because oftentimes water is either somwhat warme and therfore quencheth not the thirst so well or else is not so cold as to please some nice and curious palats therefore partly for pleasure and wantonnesse and partly for necessity especially when all manner of riot and excesse began to reigne amongst many other things were devised severall waies to coole both their water and their wine And it cannot be denied that cold water doth better further the concoction of the stomacke than warme And Galen in Sommer alloweth of very cold drinke yea even cooled with snow and to such especially as labour hard and use much exercise but others that live idly leading a sedentary life and free from imployment either of body or mind he adviseth to drinke water as nature hath produced it without any alteration Avicen wisheth alwaies to eat before they drinke water and to drinke sparingly and often at our repast and out of a vessell with a narrow mouth that so the draught may be the more moderate There were six several waies the antients used to coole their water by means of the aire which was familiar to the Aegyptians as witnesseth Galen In the Sommer saith he the Aegyptians of Alexandria having first well warmed their water and put it up in close earthen vessells exposed it to the night aire and before Sun rising set them in some shadie places of the ground environed round about with cooling herbes Sailers have beene seene sometimes to expose their water to the night aire and afterwards cover their bottles with many clothes and thus it is very certaine it reteineth still the cold quality The reason why they thus boiled their water was because that water once boiled receiveth sooner and easilier the impression of the cold aire as witnesseth the Prince of Philosophers And therefore in Pontus where they fish alwaies in frost they besprinkle their angling-rods with warme water which afterwards congealeth and freezeth so much the harder which serveth them in stead of glue The second way of cooling water is by letting it downe in an earthen bottle into a deepe well howbeit others are of opinion it receives some evill impression from this close water and therefore thinke it better to draw up the water and so set it in it The third way is by injection of some salt peter which afterwards for a while is stirred about with a sticke howbeit this is not so well approved of with whatsoever present
satisfaction it may seeme to sooth us up The fourth way is by meanes of ice or snow It was the invention of the Emperour Nero to boile water and then let it downe into a pit of snow Athenaeus saith it was an old invention howbeit others affirme it first found out by Nero. The Turkes at this day familiarly use this kinde of cooling their drinke The fift way is by meanes of deepe cellars wherein in antient times some were wont to set bottles full of hot water and take them out againe colder than any snow In Paris there are some such deepe cellars wherein the smallest wines will seeme to the taste twice as strong as they are in very truth Besides all the premisses water falling from a high place acquireth unto it selfe a greater coldnesse than that which runneth softly in a river and the agitation and much stirring of the water furthereth not a little this cooling qualitie And this for the present concerning the use of water shall suffice what resteth shall be discussed in the diet of the diseased which doth something also concerne them CHAP. XXVI Of wine the various and severall sorts with the right use and for whom it is most fitting IT may be my former discourse of water was to some unwelcome who would more willingly perhaps heare of some more noble liquor and therefore now from the water-pale to the wine-pot Now although this same subject of wines alone might well fill up a larger discourse than this in hand yet will I content my selfe with such things as shall be of greatest use for the health of mankind And because al wines are not alike differing in divers respects it will therefore be for us very usefull to set downe the severall differences Wines therefore differ not a little one from another and that in these respects following The first difference then is desumed from the age for some wine is called Mustum or new wine and others of longer continuance one two or three yeers c. New wine before it be well purged from the lees howsoever it may seeme to please the palat by reason of a sweet pleasant and delectable taste yet is it most dangerous for the health of the body for by reason of the thicknesse grossenesse and as some call it a tartareous substance it is very windy and apt to ingender all manner of obstructions wind cholicke and the stone it selfe c. But among all such wines the white and Rhenish doe least harme and that in regard they make the body soluble and so all corruption is evacuated and so in regard of their short abode within the body they are least of all others offensive unto it New wine pressed out of tart and sowre grapes is of all others the worst The Poet Ovid could well tell whether new or old wine were better when he wishes to drinke wine of the continuance of certaine Consuls that is so many yeeres old And as the new wines are not to be allowed for ordinary use no more are the very old wines better to be liked of for then they become farre hotter sharper and sometimes bitter also As for the certaine determinate time orange when wine might safeliest be drunke no man can certainely determine for some lasted twenty some more some fewer yeeres Cicero at a supper with Damasippus was served with wine of 40. yeeres old But the Emperor Caligula was presented with wine of 160 yeere old Now the nature of such wines was this that they were not to be drunke unlesse mastered with much water Our wines now a daies differ much from those in frequent use among the Ancients the Romanes especially for few of our ordinary wines will continue good for yeeres as theirs did yea a yeere and sometimes lesse will put them to the period of their longest endurance Although I deny not but some of our sackes and some such strong wines will continue good farre beyond this prefixed period The second difference is taken from the substance some being thinne perspituous and very small needing no admixture of water called for this cause 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 such as grow plentifully about Paris Rochell and divers other places as along the river of Rhene in Thuringia Misnia c. And yet Cardan thought no such wine grew in those regions Others againe were of a thicker and grosser substance and may therefore be called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or bearing much water as being of farre greater force and strength than the former The third difference may be taken from the colour some being white in colour some pale yellow some sadder in colour or of a high golden yellow colour some againe of a blackish intense red and others of a pale red colour The yellow wines are the hottest the red lesse and the white least of all And it is to bee observed that mingling grapes of divers colours the wine becommeth of a mixt colour as the white and red grape mingled together maketh a claret and the more red grapes be in the mixture the higher coloured is this claret and the more white grapes the paler coloured it is approaching both to the colour and quality of white wine as is to bee seene in that wine called from the colour of peach flowre couleur du pesche The fourth difference is taken from the taste sweet sowre sharpe or bitter The sweet are most nourishing such as are commonly the high coloured red wine and some sweet sacks brought unto vs from Greece and other parts such as are our malmesey muscadine browne-bastard Canary and some others of that colour and our high coloured red wines called vin de Graves Some againe are of tarter taste as most of our white and claret Galen was of opinion there were no sweet white wines howbeit divers Provinces of France can now witnesse the contrary And I doubt not but the Wine-brewers of the City of London have so well profited in their profession that they are able to furnish any with as sweet wine of any colour as any other place whatsoever The fift difference is desumed from the smell which in wine is also not a little to be regarded and the wines of best smell are also ordinarily the hottest Among our ordinary wines that which smelleth like the raspe as the French say sent la fram boose is esteemed the daintiest But here my meaning is not of any artificiall smell procured by the wit and invention of the vintner no more than that which already hath bin spoken concerning the substance colour and taste Another difference may yet be desumed from the soile and the naturall temper of the aire where such wines grow And thus in one and the same country are so many severall sorts of wine to be seene differing in goodnesse one from another and yet far more those of one countrey from those of another And thus we may apparently perceive what
that the antient hereticks and heathens did farre surpasse in this point many of our Romanists If they would as they pretend subdue the lust of the flesh why doe they not then abstaine from wine in that point farre surpassing any flesh as hath been proved And why doe not their Priests and clergie-men abstaine from wine and forbid it the people at least in Lent and on fasting daies I have already instanced in the like abstinence both in heathen and heretickes If Sir Iean and his generation will reply that they must serve at the altar and therefore must both drinke for themselvs and the people who by their Canons are debarred from the cup I cannot deny but as in many other things so herein likewise their clergy have been too hard for the laity yet good Sir Iean if you have purchased such a privilege above the people mee thinkes you might the better abstaine from wine at other times especially those of your strictest abstinence and might likewise abstaine from many flatuous meats as many sorts of bulbous roots which all our Physitians doe hold to be irritamenta incitamenta libâ—dinis The Abissine Priests and religious persons so strictly observe their Lent fast that it is reported of them that they eat nothing but roots and drinke water during that time yea and stand often up to the chinne in cold water and the Laity during that time onely eate bread and drinke water If our supercilious Pharisaicall Romanists would imitate this rigid austerity the Clergy I meane it would coole their courages yet withall purchase them a great deale of more praise and reputation than many of them have hitherto attained unto I am not ignorant that some of the simpler sort of their religious orders are more rigid and austere in their manner of living than many others but this I confidently avouch that for the most part their Clergy especially the greater sort are as licentious and luxurious as any sort of people this day living under the face of heaven upon which point I will not here digresse Now to conclude this point of abstinence we are so farre from rejecting and far lesse from finding fault with it that we wish it in farre greater request than hitherto it hath been I meane not onely that ordinary and customary abstinence or sobrietie in meat and drinke and other delights but even that other sort of fast also which we have wished might bee more in practice But I hate and abhorre these counterfit and hypocriticall heathenish and hereticall-like fasts of our Pharisaicall Romanists with their many idle repetitions of their many mumpsimus upon their beads making a shew of prayer where there is nothing but a little lip-labour without any true religion or any true devotion indeed But having said more than I doubt I shall be thanked for I leave this point and proceed CHAP. V. Of Aliment or Diet of the Diseased in generall whether a thinne and spare Diet or a full or liberall be better FRom the Elements wee are now comming to the aliments of nourishment and food fit for the sicke Now as by the moderate and timely use of aliments the diseased reapeth no small benefit so againe by the immoderate and unseasonable use of the same the diseased is much indammaged and indangered And for this cause no small care ought to be had of the Diet of the Diseased We made mention of three sorts of Diet of the which we have Galen for our warrant a thinne or slender a full and liberall and a meane or middle diet betwixt both Now these two extremes have a great latitude and extension In the first place a thin and spare diet is either simply thinne and sparing more sparing and most sparing of all So againe the like by way of opposition is to be understood of a full and liberall diet Now an absolute thinne and spare diet called victus tenuissimus is nothing else but an absolute abstinence from all manner of food whatsoever or at most permitting onely the use of a drinke made of water and hony called by the antient Greekes melicratum And this manner of abstinence did the antients use in most acute diseases which were terminated on the fourth day And when they did a little exceed this first so thinne and slender diet or abstinence they did then allow the sicke some barly-water ptisan or creame of ptisan at most This was usuall among the Greekes which strict and rigid kind of diet the Arabians were not able to undergoe And it may bee the Greekes either because they were thicker skinned or else surprized with sharper sickenesses did more easily endure this kind of diet It may be also the Arabians fared better than the Greekes and were not therefore able to endure this kinde of diet And in this wee adhere more to the Arabians than to the Greekes And therefore if Physitians should now imitate the Hippocraticall course of dieting they should be utterly shent Galen was not so rigid and strict in his diet for he often suffereth the sicke to use some sustenance in acute diseases and often findeth fault with certaine Physitians called diatritarij who pined their patients with abstinence in the beginning of their disease made them fast untill the fourth day and after againe exhibited something on the sixt and againe on the eight and so consequently after the first foure dayes they fed them but every other day And this manner of cure is by Celsus Aurelius called a circular cure To this manner of cure was quite contrary that manner of diet which used that antient Physitian Petronius who abbridged his patients of no kind of diet but filled them with wine and flesh And this is that we call a full or liberall diet according to the extensions and latitude therof To this manner of diet ours approcheth nearest and it is the coÌ„mon opinion of our people of our vulgar women especially that unlesse the sicke be crammed with all manner of food he is quite starved And this commeth often to passe by importunitie of those about them and sometimes by meanes of the Physitian saith Galen who to give satisfaction to the sicke and assistants oftentimes giveth way to such a diet Followeth now in the next place a question to be discussed whether a thinne or slender or a full and liberall diet be the better Now as almost all diseases have their originall and beginning from gluttony and abundance of humors so would it seeme the cure thereof required principally abstinence and hunger For by this meanes the body is dried up and superfluous humors exhausted And it is reported that the Emperour Aurelian in his sickenesse used no other Physicke Hippocrates seemeth in some places to allow of a full diet in all diseases and againe in other places to stand for a thinne and slender diet finding fault with the Guidian Physitians who in the beginning of the disease permitted the
little cold drinke sometimes with a little faire water and a few drops of wine vineger or some such other liquor and sometimes some preserved or conserved barberries raspes ribes some lemmon sliced and sugred or the like acid things and sometimes a stewed acid prune keeping the stone in his mouth as the manner is or any other like art may be used to deceive this counterfeit thirst But when the house is now all on a fire we must needs have some liquour to quench this heat and extinguish the fire even so when this house of mans body is all on a fire wee must needs have some moisture to quench the same Now what this must be is our purpose here to discusse The most antient drinke and most common to all living creatures is water of the which as in generall usefull to all and in particular as serving for drinke in healthfull persons hath beene already spoken Now we are to speake of it as it serveth for the use of the sicke and whether it bee usefull for all or not The use of water we read to have been very frequent among the antients and especially the Guidian and Rhodian Physitians used it much and that chiefly in acute diseases whom therefore Hippocrates reproveth for not distinguishing the causes of diseases which may often alter our purpose of exhibiting water to drinke in acute diseases especially where there is a burning Fever proceeding of choler And this he there illustrateth by the example of the inflammation of the lungs where he affirmeth that neither staieth it the cough nor maketh spit up eafilier but in a cholericke constitution is altogether converted into choler and besides is hurtfull to the nether parts about the stomacke overthrowing the whole body especially if dranke fasting If there bee any inflammation of the liver or spleene it increaseth the same swimming and floting in the stomacke descending slowly being hard and not easy to bee concocted for the which cause also it looseneth not the belly provoketh not urine nor futhereth any excretion And Galen himselfe also confirmeth this same opinion adding that when as Hippocrates perceived the harmes and mischiefes proceeding from the drinking of water abstained from the use of it in all acute diseases and betooke himselfe to drinks made of hony and water of honie and vineger and sometimes to wine And with them yet agreeth a late Writer who out of divers places of both these Authors compared and parallelled together mainteineth that in acute diseases water is altogether hurtfull And of the same opinion is likewise another learned Physitian yet with this qualification that if a small quantity of water be added to a great quantity of choler it is quickly converted into choler but a great quantity of water drunke tempereth and allaieth the heat of the choler and so overcommeth it whereas a small quantity increaseth this humor being turned into the same Another antient Physitian notwithstanding controlleth this opinion of Hippocrates and affirmeth the quite contrary But to compose this controversie our Authors meaning is to be understood of water actually cold which indeed in pectorall diseases and for the breast it selfe is very hurtfull and hindereth expectoration but being once boiled it groweth thinner and more subtile and then onely fit in pectorall diseases to further expectoration And it cannot be denied that cold water is very profitable and usefull in acute diseases as may even by divers other places both of Hippocrates and Galen appeare and besides most of our antient and moderne writers with one unaminous consent approve of the same But in the use thereof wee must diligently consider both the nature of the disease and constitution of the Diseased And it is the saying of the same Hippocrates whose bellies are hard and apt to bee inflamed they are to drinke the lightest and purest water but whose bellies are soft moist and phlegmaticke such are to use hard thicke and somewhat saltish waters subsalsis is his word Now water is not in all diseases to be used after one and the same manner In burning Fevers water is to be drunke cold in pectorall diseases a little warmish Now that it was familiar in antient times to give cold water to drink in hot acute diseases I shall make it appeare Galen himselfe findeth fault with Erasistratus and his followers for denying cold water in burning Fevers And againe for the same cause reproveth Thessalus and braggeth that hee hath often cured distempered hot stomackes with drinking cold water yea even sometimes cooled with snow it selfe And againe in another place hee cureth that sort of Fever called Ephemere or Diaria that is of one day by this same meanes And in the same booke by this onely meanes hee preventeth this same disease And in another place giveth us yet warning that this is a remedy fit for any sort of Fever providing it be drunke in great abundance A late German Physitian also braggeth how many fevers hee hath by this meanes cured and I know it will seeme no strange thing to heare a Portugall relate what cures he hath by this meanes performed as in his centuries is at length to be seene Neither is it my purpose to spend time and increase the bulke of this booke by relating of such stories And it is not only commended in all ordinary acute diseases but even in maligne and pestilent Fevers also as witnesseth Celsus and is the opinion of the Arabian Physitians who all seeme to have borrowed it of Hippocrates who relateth the story of one sicke of a pestilent Fever who having drunke great store of cold water and cast it up againe recovered presently his health And besides the same Celsus in fluxes of the belly and in all defluxions proceeding of choler commendeth this as a soveraine remedy The point then being reasonably well cleared it resteth to be considered how it is to be exhibited Hippocrates in that hot countrie would have the drinke for the diseased to be exposed to the night aire that so it might receive the morning dew which might increase the coldnesse thereof but because this procureth to it some acrimony some would have other meanes tried as salt-peter snow c. Concerning the which wee have sufficiently spoken heretofore But I would not have any such extraordinary actuall frigidity by any such meanes in this case procured it being so prejudicial to heath howsoever peradventure at the first not so sensibly perceived Now in the exhibition of water to the sicke two things are to be considered the fit and convenient time when and the quantity thereof The time is either generall to wit the course of the disease or particular the exacerbation or paroxysme which we call the fit Concerning the generall time all are not of one mind for Galen and our Greeke Writers would have us wait for signes of concoction in the
to speake is not now my purpose Onely this one thing I adde that whereas some object that waters distilled in stills made of metall either are not so good by reason of some relicks of the mettall communicated unto them or else have some smoakie or firie impression left behind in these waters I answere the first feare is frivolous and builded on a false foundation and the other may by care and diligence be much prevented But if any be so curious and fearefull they may have their waters distilled per balneum Mariae in glasse stills if they will be at cost But it is the custome of many people that they would fare well and pay little for it Now before I finish this point I must give warning to such as attend the sicke that they doe not unseasonbly too much obtrude upon the sicke these their warme drinks or suppings wherein women doe very much exceed and many times quite debilitate and overthrow their weak stomacks And this shall for this particular now suffice as occasion shall offer it selfe I shall now and then touch upon some particular abuses and failings in this kind and now I proceed to some other drinks and first concerning wine and whether the sicke may be suffered to drinke any CHAP. XIIIJ Of wine and whether it may safly be administred to sicke Of artificiall wines of aqua vitae usquebath and other strong waters OF wine we have already spokeÌ„ at great length and of all the severall sorts thereof the right use and abuse resteth now to say something thereof as it hath relation to the sick Of the excellent vertues of this king of liquors there is no doubt to be made but yet the event is often doubtfull whether it may prove a profitable medicine or a deadly poison And therefore Pliny relateth that a famous wiseman called Androcides wrote good counsell to Alexander the Great as an antidote against his intemperance when thou art to drinke wine O King remember that thou drinkest the blood of the earth For as hemlocke is to man a poison even so is wine To which precepts if he had hearkened he had not in his drunken fits imbrued his hands in his deerest friends blood So that of it may truely bee said there is nothing more conduceth to the strength of the body not yet more dangerous delight than this if not regulated according to reason No mervaile then if there ought to bee great caution and circumspection in exhibiting this to sicke folkes and indeed there hath beene some alteration among Physitians whether wine might safely bee exhibited to sicke people For siâ—â—e diseases are cured by contraries and wine in the estimation of all Physitians is reputed hot it will follow that to drinke wine especially in hot diseases for of others there is no controversie is to increase the disease Plutarch writes that Alexander the great falling into a Fever and drinking wine liberally by that meanes died howbeit we are not ignorant others hold an other opinion concerning his death yet it cannot be denied but wine might hasten his end It may be then admired and wondered at why Hippocrates in Fevers and hot diseases permitteth the use thereof Neither yet did Galen in like cases deny his patients the use of wine If the like care and caution they used in the exhibiting of it were observed no doubt it might be without feare yeelded unto The wine they used was thinne weake white wine called by him vinum aquosum or watery wine much degenerating from the nature of strong hot wine and there he findeth fault with the Guidian Physitians who were altogether ignorant of the right use of wine affirming also that we may safely even in a Pleuresie or inflammation of the lungs exhibite such wines providing still there bee neither great headach nor deliration or perturbation of mind as likewise that the spitting up of tough phlegme bee not hindered nor urine suppressed c. And a little after thou must know that it will be lesse hurtfull to the bladder and upward parts if it be thinne and waterish as he termeth it but better for the guts if it be stronger It appeareth then plainely that even in the opinion of Hippocrates such small wines might be used of the sick And therefore these wines which in comparison of others may bee called cold of the which both Hippocrates and Galen are to be understood are often without danger administred to sicke persons But in the use thereof wee are diligently to consider besides the quality whereof we have already spoken the quantity and opportune time of offering the same The quantity cannot well be determined yet must it be by moderation regulated and severall circumstances not neglected The fit and opportune time is by the same authors assigned when signes of concoction appeare or in the declining of the Fever As likewise in a pleuresie or inflammation of the lungs the matter being now concocted and the inflammation abated and by this meanes expectoration is furthered not hindered Something notwithstanding is to be yeelded to custome and old age If any from their youth bee brought up with wine they will hardly admit of any other drinke neither will the stomacke commonly admit of any other liquor But heare what Pliny saith concerning this same subject As concerning Fevers saith he it is certaine we ought never to give wine in that disease but to such as bee of good yeeres and that in the declining of the disease onely And in acute diseases to none but such as have manifest remissions especially in the night time the halfe of the danger being in the night time that is hope of sleepe to such as shall then drinke It must therefore be given onely with meate neither after sleepe nor yet after any other drinke that is onely taken when the diseased is dry and almost in the case of greatest extremity all hope almost now failing us In such places then where such smal wines grow as in the I le of France about Paris and in the countrey of Xantonge especially about Rochell they may freely give the diseased such smal wines without any danger at al. And of such a thinne acid and somwhat tartish wine composed of most white grapes and a few red I my selfe made a triall in a double tertian during my abode in France This they cal couleur dupesche or peach coloured wine from the colour of the peach flowre or bloome and this wine mingled with water did both quench thirst without any apparent heat and provoked both sweat and urin But let us now draw nearer home and see whether wine may be allowed our sicke It is not unknown that our cold moist climat bringeth not this noble liquor of the grape to any maturity or perfect ripenesse so that whatsoever wine we use we are beholden to our neighbour countries for it besides that wine not being our naturall
c. But that of barly for the sicke was alwaies in highest esteeme And this diversity ministred occasion to Aristotle to aske the question whether Ptisan made of wheat or barly were the best for the use of the sick And Ptisan made of wheat was for these reasons preferr'd before that made of barly first by reason that such as eat bread of wheat are cōmonly more vigorous and sound of body than those who use barlybread Againe say they barly is harder of concoction than wheat And thirdly barlybread was never in so high an esteem as that of wheat but alwaies esteemed of farre meaner account The answer is easy that the comparison here is not absolute but relative having relation to the sicke Indeed absolutely compared together wheat doth excell the other but in relation to the sicke barly is farre better especially in Fevers and pectorall diseases being more cooling and cleansing than the other which indeed is rather harder to be concocted and apter to ingender obstructions And for this cause Hippocrates useth this most commonly in restorative diet and that of barly in acute diseases The manner of preparation of this antient ptisan or creame of barly as we may call it was after this manner they tooke graines of barly full perfectly ripe neither too old nor too new this they steeped a little in water then beat it in a morter to cleanse away the chaffe and husks afterwards washed it and rubbed it with their hands and afterwards let it dry when they made use of it for this ptisan they tooke one part of barly thus prepared and twelve parts of faire water which they let boile at a soft fire while it swelled and was boiled to a thinne pap having lost all the windinesse and being so boiled they gave it their sicke Some added to this messe sweet new wine boiled which they called sapa and some a little hony wheat or flowre and sometimes a little oile vinegar or salt In many places of this kingdome there is commonly in use for this purpose a certaine kind of ready prepared barly to be sold in shops called French barly whereof both this cream of barly is commonly made and whereof wee make use in our broths also and barly-water This barly we use to boile and shift twice or thrice the waters untill it colour them no more and then boile it with a sufficient quantity of faire spring water the proportion of the antients may be observed and then straine it through a clean linnen cloth adding thereto a little sugar or sugar-candy and a little rose-water To correct the crudity especially in a weake stomacke and it bee often to bee used wee may boile with it some whole mace or else when it is strained we may adde thereunto a little small cinamon-water which will both correct the crudity and not overheat the body If some acid juice of lemmon or other shall be added thereunto if need so require thou mayest use thy discretion in acute and maligne Fevers especially but not in pectorall diseases In defect of cinamon-water a little powder of cinamon may be used In this decoction who listeth may also boile other cooling or pectorall herbs according to the nature of the disease and party diseased as violet leaves strawberry leaves succory endive agrimony or the like But beware the taste be not marred lest the patient reject all and boile no sorrell nor other acid or sharpe thing in it especially if it be to be kept for oftner than once or twice but the fresher it be the better it is This is very soveraine good in all Fevers and pectorall diseases especially for young people for hot and dry cholericke constitutions But I will advertise thee of one thing that whereas there is an opinion held among many that no barly but this they call French will serve the turne our owne barly may bee easily so prepared that it may very well serve our use And to this purpose it may either be beaten in a bagge as wheat is commonly ordered for frumenty or else which is the cheaper and lesse chargeable provide a deep stone or wodden trough wherein put a little quantity of rough barly with a little warme water and then with a beetle with a long head for the purpose beat it untill the husks come off afterwards winnow it still rubbing it with thy hands and then let it dry and when thou wilt use it wash it in warme water which thou maiest shift untill it looke cleane and white and colour the water no more And this may with a small labour and I am sure with lesse charges be made ready as often as need shall require And this may be used whensoever we need the use of barly either for this we have spoken already for broth barly water almond milke or any like use And thus they prepare it in the north parts of this kingdome in all the kingdome of Scotland and in Ireland also where they use much barly in their brothes and for other uses also and yet never make use of any but this And besides in Scotland of this graine there is made a dish which they there call orgemond and is made of barly thus prepared together with milke and hony and is answerable to our frumenty here but in my opinion farre wholesomer and this is a dish at most of the country merry meetings in no small esteeme there among them There was yet besides this they called a ptisan a barly-water in use among the antients wherof Hippocrates indeed maketh mention howbeit setteth not downe the manner of preparation no more then doth Galen explaining that place To the Arabians therefore for this barly-water are wee most beholden who used it much Oribasius maketh particular mention of the same where hee would not have the barly prepared as we have already set downe but onely a little bruised and twice washed in warme water and afterwards boiled in a gallon of water till it was burst ad crepaturam hordei This liquor being strained was reserved for the use of the sicke and was called barly-water Barly-water was in very great request among the Arabian Physitians both made of whole barly and of barly prepared and cleansed That of prepared barly was of two sorts as may bee collected out of Mesue first thus take of barly prepared and cleansed one pound boiling it in twenty times so much faire spring-water in an earthen glased pot untill the halfe or two parts of the water were wasted away this they called a physicall barly-water The other was thus made take of barly as before well prepared often washed in warme water one pound which they let boile a wame or two in twenty times as much faire spring-water and after this was cast away they added againe as much more water and let it boile untill the halfe of the water was wasted away and this they called
a physicall food But the immoderate use of this barly-water is dangerous in cold and windy stomacks especially and in hypocondriacke melancholy being it selfe also somewhat windy But by correction this may easily be amended as wee have said already We seldome now use the decoction of barly alone but with addition of other simples as divers sorts of cooling herbes and sometimes of opening roots and some prunes sweetning it with sugar to liking and wee may also adde some juice or sirup of lemmon or some other acid juice as some drops of the acid spirit of vitrioll or sulphure The poorer sort may make for themselves a decoction of ordinary barly a little bruised boiling therewith some cooling herbes and a sticke of licorice or two and after it is strained adde thereto a little white wine vineger and a sticke of cinamon or else some whole mace may bee boiled in it Or they may boile faire spring-water with some mace or without and afterwards adde a sticke of cinamon and a little vineger and sugar or else boile in it a little hony and so may they make for themselves a wholesome and pleasant cooling drinke which they may safely use in all hot diseases Besides these drinkes made of barly wee have yet amongst us the frequent use of a drinke which was not used among the antients made of sweet almonds in manner of a milke and is therefore commonly called by the the name of Almond-milke This milke is much used in Fevers especially and in pectorall infirmities being often also called by the name of emulsion This drinke is sometimes made of water and almonds alone without any addition and after sweetned with sugar or else are boiled in the decoction many other ingredients And howsoever Almonds bee in themselves a little hot or rather temperate yet being prepared and made into an emulsion after this manner they qualifie and moderate the heat of the body and withall doe cut and attenuat tough and phlematicke humors in the breast and further expectoration And this emulsion serveth often in stead both of meat and drinke and is often used when as all other food is refused And I thinke it often with us supplieth the roome of that Ptisan so much and so often by Hippocrates commended although wee have it also in use with us But for the most part we use a decoction made with barly cooling herbes raisins of the sunne stoned and sometimes in pectorall infirmities a little licorice and so make a decoction whereof we make our almond milke The barly may be of our ordinary barly without any other preparation save a little bruising The almonds are to bee blanched in warme water and cleansed from their thinne skinnes unlesse in some loosenesse where we require astriction and then beaten in a stone morter with a wooden pestell the liquor by little and little added and severall times squeezed out untill all the milkie substance be expressed And take heed the almonds be not too old as being then too oilie and withall let the liquor bee warme when it is added to the almonds Sometimes wee adde some seeds unto this emulsion as lettice or poppy-seeds especially in long watching where sleepe is wanting and so give a draught of it towards bed-time Sometimes we adde also some other cooling seeds as melon seeds cucumber seeds especially in diseases of the kidnies and then the greater seeds must be cleansed from their skums and so mingled with the almonds ready blanched and beaten with them and the other seeds mingled and beaten without any other preparation and of these greater seeds we mingle sometimes a greater and sometimes a smaller quantitie and so of the others as necessitie requireth In the sweetning of emulsions or almond milkes we are to observe this caution that in Fevers we adde alwaies lesse sugar for feare of increasing choler but in pectorall diseases where there is no Fever we may be the bolder It is also in the use of these emulsions to be observed that they be neither too frequent nor yet too fulsome or thicke of the almonds and it is best after the expression of the almonds to give it a wame or two upon the fire and then adde some rose-water to it if thou wilt The richer sorts if they please may make their emulsion all with rose-water or strawberry-water If any acid thing as juice or sirup of lemmons or the like be added it must onely bee added to the draught the patient takes at one time otherwise it would quickly sowre it all The poorer sort may use a milke or emulsion like unto this made of the kernels of haselnuts or filberds blanched as are the almonds and made with a convenient decoction of cooling herbs or other things as wee have said already There are yet besides these divers other sorts of emulsions made without almonds for divers intentions as in pestilent and contagious diseases made of many severall cordiall ingredients as namely of the aforenamed seeds and others as also of corall pearle amber harts-horne all extracted with appropriated decoctions or distilled waters fitted and appropriated for that purpose on the which I cannot particularly insist And I have so much the longer dwelt upon these drinkes of the Diseased in regard it doth so much concern the sick as also in regard of the great neglect in this particular point and the wrong and injury is thereby offered the sicke Now concerning milke and what is made thereof if and how it may bee administred to the sicke and so I will finish this point of their meat and drinke CHAP. XVIJ. Of milk of divers kinds whether fit to be used of the Diseased and what is the best how to be used As also of whey posset-drinkes of severall sorts Of butter and cheese and white meats FRom artificiall milke it is high time we come now to natural there being at this time more frequently used both to nourish the body and to alter and change the quality of the humors Milke is milked from divers beasts as from mares asses goats ews cowes c. And womans milke is both used for the nourishment of her owne infant and sometimes also sought for thein consumptions as a principal restorer of decaied nature In Spaine they use Camels and asses milke both in consumptions and dropsies and in old time sowes milke was also in request Asses milke is yet in great request in those countries where such beasts abound as in France Spaine and Italy At this day the Tartars as well as the old Scythians use little other diet either for meat or drinke but mares milke The antient Numidians also used for their chiefe diet mares milke And some particular persons have lived all their life time on nothing else but milke as Plutarch reporteth of one Sostrates And a late Writer maketh mention of a maide living then in the Low-countries sixteene
upright bee crooked or turne and winde about in a circular motion Exercise of the body standing upright is more beneficiall and easier bending and stooping is more laborious and painfull but circular motion or turning round is of all others the worst procuring giddinesse and casting especially where the body is thereunto most prone As for the time of duration or continuance of the exercise which we comprehend under the name of quantity it is likewise various according to the nature of the partie exercised and is either great small or a meane betwixt both That Physitians call great which soonest causeth lassitude or wearinesse that small which neither increaseth the heat of the body nor causeth a more frequent respiration a meane betwixt both which both increaseth the heat and maketh a more frequent respiration It is notwithstanding a very hard matter to determine to any the quantity of exercise he is to use there being such a variety and difference in the individuall constitutions of particular persons and withall so many severall circumstances to be considered the exercise being to be accommodated to the nature strength age and necessity of the partie to be exercised And as there ought to be a due proportion betwixt the quantity of food and the duration of exercise so is this not so easy to find out But in the use of exercise we must observe this rule that the respiration grow more frequent or else it deserveth not the name of exercise and in some exercises we somtimes cease not untill we sweat which is also variable according to the constitution of the body time of the yeere c. Howsoever whensoever thou seelest any lassitude or wearinesse and the alacrity and vigor of thy body any white abated know for a certaine it is then high time to give over Now besides the premisses the antients observed an order in their exercise using in the first place frictions and inunctions as a preparative for other exercises as may at length in Galen appeare Now these frictions were in very great use among the antients and now among us in little or no use howbeit in some particular cases they might bee yet of good use among us but here I will not insist upon them but proceed to the division of exercises Of exercises therefore some exercise the body alone as jumping dancing digging c. Others againe exercise the mind alone as all manner of serious cogitations and study Some exercise both the body and the mind as playng at hand-ball at tenice c. Againe some exercise the whole body as playing at tenice and many others some but one part as singing speaking and reading aloud exerciseth the lungs ringing the armes especially and pectorall parts digging the reines and loines c. Another difference of exercise there is also according to the end some being onely exercises as wrestling running walking and the like our end in them being onely our pleasure recreation or exercise of the body but in others there is more labour and toile and in the which we propound to our selves some profit at which we principally aime as in digging plowing harrowing and divers other sorts of husbandry and the like may be said of divers manuall trades and handicrafts And according to the quality some exercises are valid and strong and some more mild and easy Strong and violent exercises are wrestling foot ball play and the like which are sparingly to be used howbeit tennice play used with moderation I thinke hath scarce its fellow as exercising the whole body and that without any hurt Hunting and hawking howbeit they exceed many other exercises yet are they more obnoxious to hazard and danger than many others and being exercises and recreations chiefly appropriated to the gentry they doe not so well besit trades-men and people of inferior condition And in these same recreations I wish the gentry would use a moderation and not make of a recreation a trade and vocation and mis-spend so much pretious time which was alloted them for a better end and whereof they must one day give an account And I wish them seriously to consider that the end why they were placed in this world and adorned with so great dignities and preheminences above the inferiour ranke of people was not to eate and drinke and play as was reproached to the people of the Jewes but the more God hath graced great ones the more honour and service he requireth at their hands But to our purpose againe There are againe some exercises wherein sometimes the party exercised is the principall agent and mover himselfe as in walking running and the like and sometimes the motion dependeth on an other as in sailing riding travailing by coach or waggon by ship c. And the kinds of exercise differ both one from another and sometimes even one and the same kind of exercise from it selfe as namely the motion of a coach or waggon is farre more unequall than that of a horse and the more uneven and rugged the way is the more unequall is the motion as riding on a hard trotting horse is farre more violent and laborious than riding on an easy ambler And therefore it is not without good reason that such as ride post use to sweath themselves about the midle and eate little for by this meanes they become subject to the lesse danger And it is to be observed that hard riding is hurtfull for a weake backe and sometimes is the meanes of breaking some small veine whereupon often insue incurable ulcers in the kidnies or bladder being also an enemie to weake legges and besides hard riding often overturneth the stomacke especially if it bee weake and full and yet more if the partie be not accustomed to ride Sailing differeth likewise according to the water whereon one saileth On the Ocean where are great waves and good gales of wind the motion is more unequall and sooner maketh a weake and full stomacke to vomit and so proveth a good helpe for our health But to saile on a fresh-water river on a calme day is far easier and troubleth the body far lesse Next to this is the carrying of one in a chaire on mens shoulders and carrying in a litter is a meane betwixt the two former Now besides the premisses there are yet a multitude of exercises both universall which exercise the whole body and also particular which exercise some part thereof The whole body was exercised in that play with a little ball which Galen so highly commendeth in a booke made in the cōmendation therof which as appeareth differed much from our tennice play in that there was in it mutuall imbracings and graplings But in my opinion as I have said already tenice-play moderately used yeeldeth to no other exercise whatsoever We may here take in walking which used with moderation is hurtful to no age sex may contrary to
times is commeth so to passe that this noble and generous remedy by opening of a veine cannot so wel be effected or at least is not so fit in regard blood is oftentimes impacted into some particular part so that it cannot by ordinary phlebotomy bee evacuated and then doe we betake our selves to a particular kind of phlebotomie by leaches scarification and cupping glasses The leaches must be chosen such as live not in stinking puddle-puddle-water not very greene nor having great blacke heads and being caught they are to bee kept in faire water which is often to be shifted Some counsell to put a little sugar in the water and some a little blood They are best that live in waters where mosse and frogges abound not rough on the backe of the colour of antimony or having blew lines but round little tailes like unto mice and small heads In defect of phlebotomy when for some good consideration it cannot conveniently be administred we may apply them to the great veines but most properly they are to be applied to the small veines They are much used in the hemorrhoidall veines and doe best of all draw unto them melancholicke blood for this cause they are of singular good use in Itches Scabs and the like They are to be put through a quill and so applied to the place wee please howbeit some use a spunge fomenting the place first with warme water and then anointing it with a little blood to make them sucke the sooner Some when they are a sucking cut off their tailes that they may draw more freely If they fall not off in due time sprinckle some salt on them and if they fall off too soone bath the place with warme water and if it may be with conveniency bleed over warme water and after they are falne off this will still further the bleeding If the veine bleed too long use the same meanes we use in stopping the bleeding of a veine in ordinary phlebotomy adding if thou wilt a little powder of bole armenicke some powder of galls c. Besides these there is yet another particular evacuation of blood performed by meanes of scarification or racing of the skinne and differreth according to the manner it is used If deeper it draweth more copiously and from the remote parts and withall evacuateth the thicker blood It may often supply the place of Phlebotomy And thus in the armes deepe scarifications evacuat from the whole as likewise sometimes in the legges especially cupping glasses being therewith applied And thus Oribasius in that great and memorable Asiaticke plague scarified both himselfe and many others and drew out very neare two pounds of blood and by this meanes escaped the present danger Scarification in this same place is also good in a plethory proceeding from the suppression of the piles or menstruous fluxe It may sometimes be used by way of revulsion to the remote parts observing still the rectitude or communion of the parts as in the inflammation of the right legge scarification of the right hand or left legge As likewise scarification of the legge attracteth from the inward to the outward parts and draweth downe-wards c. And in the menstruous fluxe scarification of the thighes or hands serveth in stead of derivation in furthering this fluxe But scarification hath alwaies a most forcible effect in attracting from the remote parts when it is deepe and a cupping glasse presently applied But the most proper use of scarification is to evacuat from the part affected other remedies not prevailing And for this cause is effectuall in all Scabs and other breakings forth upon the skinne as also for an inveterate Scirrhus Inflammations Gangrenes Pestilentiall tumors bittings of venemous beasts c. But with scarification for the most part we use also cupping with or without fire and these cups are made of divers matters of horne glasse and copper and of severall formes long round some of a wider and some of a narrower orifice They are for the most part used of glasse called therefore cupping glasses And of these the round with a narrow mouth or orifice are the best and draw most effectually and of these some are bigger some lesser according as the evacuation is to be more or lesse In regard of the bodies they are to be applied to they have a farre more successefull operation in thinne bodies than in thicker constitutions Againe we are to consider the nobility consent and the vicinity of the parts in the application and use of this remedy and therefore not to bee applied to any principall part lest there follow an attraction of bad humors thereunto But in the mutuall consent of two parts they may to good purpose be applied to the one as in the immoderate menstruous fluxe to the breast They are not to be used of sound and healthfull bodies to young and growing people nor to old decrepit persons nor yet of custome but with good advice of the learned Physitian as need shall require especially in the Spring and in Winter not in a hot house but neere a good fire onely some frictions going before We use them either with or without fire also with or without scarification The time elective is after perfect concoction the stomacke now being empty and the guts cleane from cōmon excrements The time of coaction or necessity is that which requireth this remedy although the time bee not so seasonable and that to prevent a further danger They are not ordinarily to be used before generall or universall evacuations have been used but in some cases as in the wind-colicke or when as by reason of the thinne structure of the body it is not so safe to open a veine or when we would attract any tumor from the internall to the externall and superficiall parts of the body Wee are then to apply this remedy either to the part affected or the next to it when there is now no more affluxe of matter Dry cups without scarification draw and evacuat the body insensibly especially of wind They are sometimes for staying of vomits and yexing applied to the stomacke They are in divers cases applied to severall parts of the body as the hinder part of the head and the crowne for divers infirmities of the eyes and head to the forepart for the Phrensie Lethargy c as also to the shoulders chinne thighes legges for divers infirmities whereon I must not now insist but proceed Besides the premisses there are yet some other particular evacuations performed by the hand of the Surgeon the which for affinitie with the former although no bloody evacuations we will handle in this place Of these the chiefe is burning or searing of some particular place of the skin both for preservation and recovering of health whereunto we referre also the two other setum and vesicatory This searing in Latine called cauterium is nothing else but a little
the like Of simples provoking sweat called therefore sudorisickes there be divers sorts as well vegetables as mineralls as also some compositions there are which further this worke effectually The simples are of an opening quality somewhat hot and drie yet with moderation rarefying and opening the passages and pores by which sweat is to passe as among vegetables wee have divers woods both forren and domesticke to wit lignum sanctum assafras Zarzaparilla China root Vine root Box Ling Heath or Hadder of the which divers sudorificke drinkes are made in severall cases and manners according as the nature of the disease the strength of the patient with other circumstances concurring shall permit with the which decoctions are often mingled some other vegetables herbs flowers or roots and besides we have yet many other simples of a forcible operation which may safely be given in a small quantity as Bezoar stone Harts horne calcinated or burnt Vnicornes-horne in the esteeme of some which I value not a rush a gumme found in the eye of an old Hart. Diuers plants there be also of good use and efficacy for this same purpose as holy Thistle the decoction water and salt of it and of many other simples Some there are also made of mineralls and metalls which ought carefully to be prepared and with great circumspection administred any Empericke or Barber-surgeon can tell how to make any sweat apace in the poxe with some mercuriall medicines suffumigation of cinabaris c. better than to fit and prepare proper medicines for the strength and constitution of each individuall patient There are yet a multitude of medicines made of Antimonie Sulphur and other mineralls and metalls yea of gold it selfe as flores sulphuris antimoâ—â—i aurum diaphoreticum c. concerning which our late Writers especially our Paracelsists haue written at great length and undertaken thereby to worke wonders Compounded sudorificke medicines are Venice treacle Mithridat Dioscordium c. But in the use of these sudorificke medicines some cautions and rules are to be observed first that the body be first evacuated by purgation phlebotomy or both if need be Againe the body is to be prepared especially where there is need and that by some of the gentlest of some of these same sudorificke medicines such as are mulsa or hony water the decoction of tormentill roots squinant of our ordinary canes with calamus aromaticus the decoction of chamomill sage betonie and the like wherunto may be added cordiall flowers of borrage buglosse and marigolds the which together with the water of the decoction will correct both their hot and drie qualities After the exhibiting of these preparatives they are in no case to be forced to sweat Now the preparations may be divers according to severall and divers diseases as French poxe Fevers and divers chronicall diseases But when then the poison in the plague and some pestilent fevers hath already taken possession I wish thee then neither to stay for purgation nor preparation but according to strength presently by all meanes possible to expell the enemy out of the house Some prescribe frictions as a fit preparation which I thinke to be very good if they be used as they ought Some againe prescribe fomentations howbeit this better becommeth a particular sudorificke I meane of some one particular part Besides acute diseases they are very usefull in many chronicall diseases as in all manner of defluxions Sciatica and all other gouts proceeding of a cold cause as also in long continuing Fevers French poxe all long continuing fluxes of the belly as also in Epilepsies Palsies and paines of the head proceeding of cold humours Wee are also to observe that wee urge not the sicke to sweat at least halfe an houre after the reception of his sudorificke medicine and then if it come not freely wee are to force it with covering with more clothes or hot brickes quenched in vineger and lapped up in linnen clothes dipt in vineger applied to the arme-holes soles of the feet and thighes rubbing still off the sweat with warme clothes to make it come the freclier Some bodies thou shalt hardly by any meanes make to sweat and there the physitian is to beware lest he offer too much violece nature The sicke is to sweat as strength and other circumstances shall require This remedy must not be used in extreme weaknesse in extenuat persons wasted with long lingering diseases in Consumptions Fever hecticke in very young children and old decrepit persons c. Now because our authors doe much commend sweating procured by bathing either naturall or artificiall we will therefore say something of the use of both these before we proceed any further having first said something of teares for the affinitie with sweat To this place of sweat wee may also referre teares a moist excrement of the braine participating of the nature of sweat I passe by a punctuall description of many particulars concerning this point which may at great length be seene in a learned late Physitian and come to that which most maketh for our purpose in hand As for the differences of teares they are these Some are called cold by reason they seeme in trickling downe to be cold some againe seeme to bee hotter and others are called dry and these be such as falling downe are quickly dry againe Some againe are called thicke and sticke closer to the cheekes and some againe thinner which are quicklier dissolved and are of a very thinne and watery substance Teares againe sometimes come in great abundance and sometimes in a smaller quantity Some againe salt some sweet some bittter Some againe are without any sicknesse and some with sicknesse Some come easily and of themselves and some againe are forced Upon the severall causes of all these particulars I will not insist The use of this moisture is to irrigate and moisten the hard horny tunicle of the eye which otherwise with its hardnesse might easily have hurt the other tender tunicles and adjacent parts of the eye But let us see what teares signifie and prognosticat Now that a physitian ought to contemplate and consider the nature and signification of teares there is a warrant in Galen himselfe Abundance of teares argue abundance of moisture in the braine as wee see commonly in women and children few teares againe argue the contrary disposition howbeit sometimes that peice of flesh lying within the corner of the eyes called caruncula lachrymalis may be growne to such a bignesse that it stoppeth all the passages of this tearie moisture as I may call it and this may be well assigned for a reason why some cannot by any meanes whatsoever be forced to shed one teare others againe upon any small occasion shed abundance of teares Teares of several tasts argue the dominion of such a humor in the braine as bitter choler c. Tears againe are observed either
so sure a way that we may alwaies trust to it these waters being often of so subtile a nature that they draw nothing but as it were the spirituous qualitie from these solid substances In generall it is to be observed that those which abound in brimstone and bitume are all of a loosening and mollifying nature and doe therewith affect both the stomacke and the liver But such as partake more of the nature of yron alum copper or plaster doe too much condensat and shut up the pores of the skinne by which meanes it commeth to passe that no excrement can thereby be excluded But such as participate of both these extremes are accounted the best and their use alwaies safest for they digest discusse yet alwaies reserving intirely the strength and naturall vigor of all the parts of the body But before I proceed to handle divers particulars concerning these minerall waters I must here discusse a question whether all these minerall waters be at all times of a like and equall force And that this question is not out of purpose nor needlessely propounded may from this appeare in that some have beene and some yet are of opinion that these waters every Bissextile or leap-yeere as wee call it lose a great deale of their efficacie and power and therefore not so efficacious and powerfull against ordinary infirmities In the first place then that the vertue and efficacie of these minerall waters is according to the severall seasons of the yeere and often according to abundance of drouth or moisture is often intended and remitted as wee cannot deny so is not the point in controversie but whether in any one certaine determinate time quatenus such a time howsoever the ambient aire in all the qualities be affected doth produce such an infallible alteration in all minerall waters that during that time they are of little or no efficacie against diseases and this is this leap-yeere now in question And although I am not ignorant that many of the wiser and more judicious have their judgements well enough setled herein yet because not onely some of the vulgar but some of more eminent parts and more sublimate understandings have beene involved in this vulgar errour I shall crave pardon to digresse a little upon this point which in my opinion may not seeme impertinent In the first place then let us take notice of the originall of this leap-yeere and what it is Before the time of Iulius Caesar it is thought that most nations used the computation of the yeere according to the course of the Moone the which because it was uncertaine the Moone in her motion being so unstable and uncertaine therefore Iulius Caesar 54 yeeres before the nativitie of our Lord and Saviour after he had finished his warres taking into his consideration this irregularity of the yeere resolved to rectifie the same And for this same purpose he sent into Egypt for the most expert Mathematicians of that Kingdome and among the rest one Sosigenes from whence as from this Iulius it is called the Iulian so from this same Sosigenes it is called the Sosigenian yeere and therefore whereas before the yeere was ordinarily measured by the motion of the Moone it was then reduced to the motion of the Sunne which finisheth his course in 365 daies and 6 houres These daies he divided into twelve equall parts called by the name of Mensis or measure And because there rested yet 6 odde houres for avoiding confusion which in processe of time might thereby be occasioned every fourth yeere there being just 24 houres remaining these making up a just naturall day were inserted into the moneth of February which before had but 28 daies And yet this computation is not so perfect but that it admitteth of some defects here being added unto this yeere more by the fifth part of an houre than ought and by consequence more added every leap-yeere unto February than ought by 48 minutes the which hath made an alteration in the Aequinoxes and Solstices since this Emperours time about 11 or 12 daies Besides that I say nothing of the motion of the Moone wherein was likewise some defect notwithstanding the course was taken to rectifie the same which made a great confusion in the time of the observation of Easter betwixt the Easterne and Westerne Churches untill the councell of Nice The emendation of this errour howsoever for the space of 200 yeeres by divers Popes attempted yet untill the time of Gregorie the 13 in the yeere of our Lord 1â—82 was never brought to any passe This Pope by the helpe especially of one Lilius a Doctor of physicke tooke such a course to reforme the Calender that the vernall Aequinoxe was from the 10 of March reduced to the 21 to the same day that it was at the Nicene councell Now this could not be unlesse in the Calender and computation of the daies of the yeere there were 10 daies quite cut off And for this cause this same Lilius chose the moneth of October wherein this Pope was borne and tooke quite away from it tenne daies so that when the 5 of October was to be numbred in stead thereof was substituted the 15. and October that yeere had but 21 daies And this is that wee call the Gregorian or beyond the seas account or yeere by reason it is received in those countries beyond the seas where the Pope is acknowledged The which account yet notwithstanding is not perfect nor without exception as I could make appeare if I were purposed to insist upon this point But to come now to our purpose and to answer this point I say it is a thing very ridiculous and an opinion very erronious that this orderly alteration in the computation of time should infuse any new influence into these celestiall bodies which should againe produce so strange and stupendious effects upon these sublunary creatures Now these celestiall bodies keepe constantly the same course they ever did since the first creation these humane constitutions neither adding to nor detracting from these celestiall bodies any new energie vertue or power And if there were any such matter why then did not some such effects follow upon the alteration of Num 1 Pompilius who added two moneths to wit Ianuary and February to the former yeere consisting onely of ten moneths and why followed not there some strange new effects upon the altering of the names of two months Quintilis Sextilis to Iuly August the names of two famous Emperors and finally why followed not there some strange effects upon the alteration of the old Roman Iulian calender where there is no lesse than the difference of ten whole daies betwixt us and the Romanists whch it would seeme should produce new and stranger effects and this would seeme a thing not unbeseeming a papall power who as Gods Vicar generall here upon earth yea and an earthly God too as they would make
waters there be divers sorts as said is every country being furnished with some one kind or other France and Italy abound most in hot baths desuming their force and efficacy most from Sulphur or Brimston wherewith is sometimes conjoined some salt or salt peter Our English baths in Sommerset shire take their vertue and efficacie from this sulphureous substance In Germanie baths of all sorts are in great abundance and as the country abounds in divers mineralls and metalls so doe these waters participate of severall and divers qualities and vertues as those of Baden in Switzerland participate of Brimstone principally and some little quantity of Alum those of Baden the Marquisat besides the premisses participate also somewhat of salt and salt-peter Againe in the confines of Lorreine there are hot baths called Plumbarenses participating of the nature of Lead Brimstone and Salt-peter In the Dutchie of Wirtenberg there is the wild bath called Silvestres or Ferinae participating of the nature of brimstone salt and alum and as some say of copper and salt-peter also And besides these a great number of many others also not differing from the former in operation some of them as they say participating also of the nature of gold which I hardly beleeve it being of so solid and well compacted a substance that hardly doth it communicate any vertue to waters that runne thorow such mines no more than silver also being likest unto it for solidity of substance As concerning our owne baths with us here in great use for a multitude of infirmities and which doe most concerne us because a learned Physitian hath lately explained their vertues and use as being best with them acquainted I shall not need to say any thing the vertues of others of the same nature and kinde in other countries being much also of the same vertue and efficacy But because peregrination and travell partly for profit and partly for pleasure and other ends is now much in this our age improved and by reason it concerneth not a little the health of such as are to live or travell in remote and forren countries to know the nature and vertues of such minerall waters as are found in these countries I will therefore say a little concerning some of them Among all those such as are of an acid or sowre taste and much abounding in many places of high Germany beare away the bell And these waters doe commonly participate of the nature of vitriol or copperas of alum and yron with the admixture often of other mineralls or metalls as sulphur salt c. There sowre waters sometimes somewhat differ in taste one from another and sometimes little or no difference at all in their taste can be observed Their chiefe vertues in the body of man are these following In the first place they are very soveraine good against all manner of obstructions of the liver splene kidnies and meseraicall veines and for this cause conduce not a little for the infirmities of those parts being very good against exorbitant casting which by their astringent facultie they cure and they helpe also the Iaundise the Dropsie in the beginning cleanse the kidnies bladder and other urinary passages purging away gravell or any other matter lying in these passages They are also good against the itch scab and any other defedations of the skinne all foule ulcers and gangrenes But Nihil est ex omni parte beatum So are not these acid and sowre waters able to helpe all infirmities and in particular they are great enemies to infirmities of the lungs especially where there is any ulcer wasting or inflammation They are hurtfull also for the bloodie fluxe with exulceration of the guts and any other internall ulcer or excoriation and that in regard of their acidity or sharpnesse And for the dimnesse of the eyes they have beene tried to be soveraine good and that they have a singular and forcible faculty in provoking urine I had the triall in mine owne body this sowre water being ordinarily brought from a place distant from Ments in stone bottles to Franckfort mart These waters are cold and therefore are commonly drunke in hot moneths May Iune Iuly August September in a morning fasting an houre or two after Sunne rising as is the use in others and then againe at night after dinner is digested The continuance or time of duration of drinking this water is according as necessity shall require and cannot certainly be determined as in some 10 or 12 daies a fortnight or three weekes No more can the measure or certaine quantity be gaged some contenting themselves with halfe a pint and some againe will drinke double some 4 or 5. And the more freely they passe thorow the body by urin or otherwise the bolder in the use of them may we be How the body before the use of these waters is to be prepared the Physitian shall in time of need give notice and according to all severall circumstancess give particular directions It is to be observed that these minerall waters by carrying from one place to another lose alwaies something of their former force and efficacie how close soever they be stopt up and so become lesse powerfull It is further diligently to be observed in the use of all minerall waters that are to be drunke that when as they are drunke twice a day the partie using them must be carefull that dinner be well digested before they be drunke in the afternoone and for this purpose dinner must either be very sparing or else a long distance betwixt dinner and the drinking of them or else it were better to drinke it but once in a morning and so double the time of continuing this drinke as for a fortnight a whole moneth Moreover if the case should so require that the party should need both to drinke of this water and bathe in it it would be most expedient to doe them severall as first for certaine daies to drinke them and afterwards for as long to bathe in them But because wee in this Iland are so farre remote from these acid and other fountains that ordinarily we cannot have recourse unto them therefore I shall not need to particularise many of them of one only being so much freequented by many of the gentrie as being neerer unto us than the rest I will say a little the so much renowned Well of Spa I meane This Spa then is in the Bishoprick of Liege a part of the 17 Provinces and is much resorted unto yeere by many Knights and Gentlemen and sometimes by Ladies and Gentlewomen also and that for recovering of their health in divers chronicall infirmities howbeit it is well knowne that under this colour some have other projects in their pates This water particapateth principally of the nature of yron which in the taste it doth somewhat represent and it participateth also somewhat of a sulphureous faculty and a little
of vitriol It correcteth hot distempers quencheth thirst and is good against all inveterate obstructions and therefore usefull in all inveterate Quartane Fevers or others and in all sorts of Iaundise in the Dropsie and to open the splene provoketh also urine and the menstruous fluxe and helpeth melancholy Hypochondriacke These waters are exceeding dry in operation and therefore exceeding good against all diseases proceeding of moisture But yet it is to be observed that they fume up into the head and therefore not so fit for such as are obnoxious to the Epilepsie Apoplexie Vertigo or giddinesse of the head Now to come to our owne Iland besides our ordinary baths in Sommerset shire so famous and so much frequented whereof I have promised silence therere are yet many more in this our Iland of no small vertue and efficacie against many infirmities of the body of man And first I cannot but mention that water of S. Vincents rocke neere that famous and antient City of Bristoll which commeth now in request against the stone and this I need but only mention the which is to me altogether unknowne howbeit the former Author hath likewise past his censure concerning this Spring and the right use thereof and therefore unto his discourse I referre the reader howsoever it seemeth by his relation that it participateth chiefly of the nature of Sulphure and Nitre and is taken now orderly being potable and used for all manner of internall heats and inflammations There is a Well in Yorkeshire thought to participate somewhat of the nature of the Well of Spa taking its vertue and operation from yron and therefore is good against obstructions of the liver splene and mesaraicke veines and to cleanse and corroborate the urinary passages c. whereon I will not now dwell there being a little tractat of late yeeres published concerning the vertues and use of this water There is within 7 miles of this towne of Northampton and hard by the market towne of Wellenborogh a Well much of the same nature and efficacy participating of the nature of yron as by proofes may easily appeare and all the ground through which it runneth coloureth red This water although it can scarce be discerned from others in taste colour yet is it powerfull in opening obstructions of the liver splene and mesaraick veins to cleanse the the kidnies bladder and urinary passages and so good against the stone c. It was but within these few yeers brought in request by that famous Physitian Sr Theoder Mayrne Dr in physicke and Phsitian to the King Queenes Majesties and first renowned by some good successe the right honourable Lord of Pembrok then Lord Chamberlaine found thereby and since by our gracious Queens Majesty now living and divers others approved to be of good use and efficacy But when I shal be my selfe better satisfied certified concerning this businesse I shall be ready if God prolong my life to give more particular satisfaction to the publike But in the use of this and other such minerall waters especially such as are deprived of any acidity in the taste there is an especiall regard to be had to the strength of the stomack and accordingly to the strength of it to accommodat the quantity of water and alwaies to have a diligent care to correct the acidities of the same and either before or together with the use of this water to be carefull in the corroboration of the stomack I heard a story of a worthy Lady who by advice of some Physitians for some infirmities did drink for certaine days of Tunbridge water in Kent after the use whereof by means of an irrecoverable debility her stomacke had by the use of this water contracted it cost her at last no lesse than her life as for the nature and vertues of this water because I am not acquainted with it I will not meddle Some other waters in this Kingdome have for a while beene in great credit and estimation for many infirmities and their fame againe as quickly falne to the ground Some few yeeres agoe there was in great esteem and credit a Well in Mauborn hils in Worcestershire which the vulgar ut est natura hominis novitatis avida a new broome sweepes cleane for a while esteemed as some noble Panacaea or aurum potabile supposed good against all infirmities but in short space there was againe altum silentium and proved according to the proverbe but a nine daies wonder I doe not for this condemne this water the nature and vertues whereof are to me unknowne but I advise people to be wise and to be circumspect and with good and mature deliberation to admit of these minerall waters and then should we not have often times such sudden flashes of the fame of some waters which as quickly againe vanish into smoake and their credit is as soone crackt There hath beene likewise no small account made of New name Wells in Warwick-shire which of late yeeres have come in request for the stone and infirmities of the urinary passages c. The which as many others I beleeve doe most participate of this same yron whereof mention hath beene made already and therefore are good to be used against the same infirmities I have heard likewise by relation of a famous Well neer Aberdene in the North parts of Scotland called by the name of Spa and as they say effectuall against the same infirmities which the Well of Spa is said to cure Of this water a learned Physitian of that same Kingdome composed a learned tractat as I am credibly informed the which as yet I never saw There is within two miles of the Citie of Edenburgh in the same Kingdome a bituminous Well or Spring called the oily Well yeelding great store of this bituminous stuffe being very good against all manner of itches scabs and many other outward defaedations of the skinne c. This well was in time of Popery called Saint Catherines Well and so this Saint carried away the credit of any cure that was thereby performed as the like use they made of minerall waters not onely here but in many other places as is the use even at this day I make no question but in that same countrie especially in the most mountainous parts thereof where there is such store of yron and all manner of other ore there might be found as efficacious waters against any infirmities as any in remote regions The like may be said of divers places of this Kingdome especially in Wales Cornewall Devonshire and many places of the North countrie as in Yorkeshire and other shires lying further to the North. But concerning minerall waters and all manner of baths as well naturall as artificiall together with their uses for the present this shall suffice CHAP. XX. Of the excretion by urine the retention of urine together with the nature of diureticke remedies the
be wary even in visiting our neere and loving friends under the comparison of eating hony moderately wherein if we exceed we may fare the worse for it But as for moderate Joy it is commended by the Holy Ghost himselfe and in the same Booke of Proverbs the utility thereof extolled A merry heart maketh a chearefull countenance And a learned expositor upon this place affirmeth that although the substance of the soule and the body differ much God hath notwithstanding tyed and united them so fast together that there is no small harmony and sympathy betwixt them insomuch that either of them being affected the other suffereth also And although the harme redoundeth to the whole body yet because it is most conspicuous in the countenance therefore the Wise man maketh chiefely mention of the countenance and teacheth us here likewise that a cheerefull and merrie heart not onely maketh the body sound and healthfull but maketh a cheerefull and amiable countenance Hence commeth it to passe that when as the heart is merry and cheerefull the eye is lively and quicke sighted the cheeks of a comely ruddy colour c. But all contrary when the mind is heavy and dejected In what an account and high esteeme this is in all the parts of our life can scarce be declared For first in Divine worship and service it is very requisite that we be of a cheareful countenance And hence was it that Isaac preparing himselfe for that propheticall benediction of his sonnes calls first for wine and venison whereby his heart being cheered and refreshed hee might the better performe this Propheticall function And the holy Prophet Elizeus being much grieved at the sight of wicked Joram before ever he went about to refresh those three Kings distressed with thirst calleth first for a cunning Musitian whereby the griefe and sorrow of his mind might be mitigated Now if the Prophets themselves inspired with a propheticall spirit had need of this chearefulnesse of heart for the better performance of Gods worship and service how much more have others use thereof And such services as performed by sad and heavy persons we see are not so acceptable as may in Mardochee and Nehemia plainely appeare And we see that Esau being cheered with Jacobs gift was of so cheerefull a countenance that Jacob confesseth he beheld his countenance as though he had beheld the face of God But in the godly saith the same Author this doth yet farre more plainely appeare who being refreshed with the peace of a good conscience have a cheerefull and lovely countenance This may plainely appeare by the example of the Nazarites who drunke no wine c As likewise by the example of Daniel and his fellowes who although they fed but on pulse and water yet their countenance was farre fairer and better liking than of any of the rest who were fed with all the Kings dainty fare And therefore this Ioy mirth consisting in our reconciliation with God from whence proccedeth a good conscience is farre to be preferred before all the most curious washes and paints wherewith the lascivious and dainty Dames of our times doe dawb and as they thinke so curiousl◠adorne their faces yea and of farre higher esteeme than all the most curious and dainty diet that can be devised in the which neverthelesse many if not all place all that pertaineth to the preservation of health and maintaining the comely colour of the countenance That the life therefore might bee the more comfortable and that griefe sorrow and sadnesse might not too much prevaile and oppresse us it was the bounty of our good God to give us not onely food and raiment for necessitie and water to quench our thirst but to give us also wine to cheere the heart oile to make glad the countenance in the hot Easterne countries then in great request howbeit in our cold climats not so usefull and musicke both vocall and instrumentall to stirre up and excite the dejected melancholicke minde And therefore the moderate use of all these comfortable creatures is as we see allowed by God himselfe and besides good merry company either at meales or otherwise provided the mirth be honest not scurrilous and offensive either to God or man and thus may these verses following be understood Quaere igitur sed honesta tuis solatia curis quae tibi nec somni nec loca sola dabunt Vtere convivis non tristibus utere amici quos nugae risus ioca salsa dabunt Quem non blanda iuvent varii modulamina cantus hinc iecur renes agraque corda stupent Nam nihil humanas tanta dulcedine mentes Afficit ac melica nobile vocis opus Seek comforts in thy griefe and cares which may thy heart solace Much more than either drousie sleepe or solitary place But let thy comforts comely be and honest all thy jests Converse with cheerefull merry friends at banquets and at feasts Sad company avoid and shun such company frequent As love in laughter and delights to have the meeting spent What man so lumpish is of mood whom musicke doth not move And merry songs these frō thy heart all pensive quames remove For nothing doth with such sweetnesse the minde of man rejoyce As doth that noble worthy worke of mans melodious voice But my meaning is not here of such mirth and musicke as is most commonly and ordinarily used in Tavernes and Tap-houses in Play-hous and Ale-house where the most dissolute and deboist companion is often accounted the best fellow and hee that can most dishonour God by blasphemous bloody oathes and by that swinish sin of drunkennesse shew great manhood in un-manning himselfe carrieth away the bell for good-fellowship and such are accounted the onely merry companions of the countrie If one should advise them sometimes in their merrie mood to sing Psalmes it were puritanisme and yet such a puritaine was the Apostle Iames If any be merry let him sing Psalmes and such a puritane was the Apostle Paul willing us to use Psalmes Hymnes and Spirituall songs I know there are times and seasons for all things and as excesse of mirth is alwaies so especially in these bleeding times of the Christian world most unseanable And as the Prophet Elisha said in another case Is this a time to take silver c So may I say is this a time for such excesse The Lord saith the Prophet Isaiah God of hostes did call to weeping and mourning and to sadnesse and to girding with sackcloth and behold ioy and gladnesse staying oxen and killing sheepe eating flesh and drinking wine let us eat and drinke and be merry for to morrow wee shall die And it was revealed in mine cares by the Lord of hostes surely this iniquity shall not be purged from you And the words of that worthy Vriah ought never to be forgotten The Arke and Israel and Iuda abide in Tents and my Lord Ioab and the servants of my
the market-place no man hiring of them into his Vineyard when as others undertake and ingrosse farre more worke than either they are able or is fit they should deale with But if the dole be a dealing I see no reason why the Physitian may not claime a share in it as well as they doe in others The Talion Law will allow it and I make no question but they may finde some of them as fit to preach as they to practise As for that objection taken from the affinitie of the soule and body I thinke it not of that worth as to be objected by any scholler and yet I have heard that some have pleaded this Now if it may take place it will make as much for the Physitians preaching as for their practising And besides if this argument may take place then by reason of this affinitie of the members of the bodie one with another the Tailor shall become a Shoo-maker and againe the Shoo-maker a Tailor and the Haberdasher because he dealeth with the head the most eminent part and seat of the sense and reason it selfe will perhaps plead a priviledge in all three and more also I have somewhat the more at large insisted upon this point not only for that this notorious abuse hath so long continued but likewise to give warning for the time to come that Ministers keepe themselves within the precincts of their owne calling To this the weight of their owne calling if there were nothing else might be a sufficient motive besides that I have proved in the beginning of this discourse that the Physitians pains and trouble are greater than of any calling yea even of the painfull and laborious Divine himselfe It is true the Divine hath his evasion for many of them have this tricke although scarce honest that they are ready to gleane what gaines they can gets by sitting still in their cells casting waters as they call it prescribing medicines to the absent fall out as it wil and when the patient hath most need of their presence Mr Parson cannot come then and by this means many times Mr Parson hath his gaines come in easily declining the greatest pains and if the patient rely wholly upon him he shal either be denied that attendance is due in time of danger or else cast upon another physitian who must now take the worst when Master Parson hath had the best Some againe will sometimes and that often attend as another Physitian on the necessitie of the sicke and here is then another inconvenient that many times when Master Parson or Vicar should be in his pulpit his patient calls for his presence Let the judicious and unpartiall reader then judge of the equitie of this cause Wee still hope and have hoped a great while that the reverend Fathers of the Church will have an eare open to heare this more than just complaint No ignorance can be pretended this not being done in a corner but in the eyes of all Israel And among them such especially as are too much addicted to judiciall Astrologie and many suspicious if not sinfull things thereupon depending as calculating of nativities and prognosticating future events thereby using amulets without any shew of reason to cure diseases and to prevent many outward accidents are to be inquired into if the antient Canons and Constitutions of the Church forbid such trash indefinitely shall this be suffered in a Church-man now under the cleare Sun-shine of the Gospell But I leave this text wishing withall that people would not prove a means of distracting the Divine and hindering him in that whereunto he is called and set apart lest they prove accessary to his neglect if he have not so much grace to looke to it himselfe I have elsewhere alleaged the example of David who would not drinke the water that had bin fetch'd with the hazard of mens lives see then how you seeke health with the hazard of mens soules But before I end although I have already said somewhat of Emperickes yet a word or two more There is an ordinary objection wherewith many people deceive themselves in this care of Emperickes for say they wee are by using Emperickes often freed from a great deale of charges which learned counsell would cost I answer that in the first place they build on a false foundation parallelling and equalling ignorant Empetickes with the judicious and learned Physitian and this erroneous opinion is often confirmed by meanes of the like events often befalling both the one and the other which I have sufficiently confuted in the beginning of this discourse It is then apparent that this seeming saving of charges is but a meere fallacie and so many of them finde it at the last when it is too late For in the first place the ignorant and unskilfull howsoever most presumptuous of their owne skill and sufficiencie yet are they not able often to finde out thy disease especially if either it be uncouth or intricate composed or partaking of divers diseases accompanied with various and severall symptomes farre lesse then are they able to apply a right and laudable remedie to the same Againe put the case they both finde out the disease and apply some remedy yet are their remedies often so rough venomous and unprepared that they leave a virulent and evill impression behinde them the which howsoever peradventure not at first felt yet at length often payeth both the principall and interest Besides that I say nothing of their ignorance in the application according to the severall constitutions of the individuall bodies sexes ages order time quantity qualitie due preparation and correction but especially the strength of the patient c. Besides all this when they have thus hazarded their lives spent their mony poisned their bodies and neglected good and wholesome remedies which in time and place in all probabilitie were like to have cured the infirmity it commeth often to passe that at length howbeit too late they are forced to flie unto the learned and judicious Physitian as I could instance in many particulars Now if the patient recover what is here saved is he not here at a double charge besides the hazard of his life and if hee die I confesse there is something saved but I thinke people that are wise should in this be of Satans minde Skinne for skinne and all that a man hath will he give for his life I meane use the likeliest meanes to save thy life and leave the successe to God As for the meaner and poorer sort there is no honest Physitian but in charitie hee will be readie in time of neede to further their health with his best counsell But this fault we finde to be as frequent in the rich as in the poorer sort some I know doe it out of meere ignorance but others out of meere avarice and fordid tenacitie And yet I have heard some say their Empericke cost them as much as better counsell
molestia labitur secedit c Matthiol in lib. 5. Dioscor cap. 14. de aqua Hippocr fusius de biâ— omnibus aquu agit lib. de aere aquis locis Gal. 1. de salut 26. Aph. lib. 5. Avic fen 2. primi doct 2. cap. 16 17. alii multi ut Lang. 〈…〉 1. Epist â—4 Division of 〈◊〉 water Raine-water g 2 Meteor cap. 3. h Loco prius citato Best raine-water according to the time of the yeare i Rufus apud Oribafi Columella Plinius What parts of the day are best The manner of the falling Snow-water nothing worth k Aph. 24 lib. 5. Hurt by drinking of snow-water Cisterne water Correction of cistern waters Quaity of cisterne water A vulgar error Consideration of springs and spring-water Best Springs Laso prius citatâ— de Aere â—quis c. Obiection Answere In the situation of springs what to bee considered The soile or place from whence they spring Situation in regard of the Heavens The ground or soile thorow which they runne The manner of running Whether water carried thorow pipes of lead may bee safely used m Aqua quae per plumheas solenas deducitur fugienda est sordes namque et limus plumbi â—iâ— adharent ob id qui illius subsiâ—entiam bibunt dyfenterci fiunt Gal. lib. 7. de medicam loco affect appropr Verum est ae omni metallo quod propter sulphuream substantiam oliquid habeat accuitatis quamvis in flanno plumbo saper id minime indicat probatur tamen per illud quod aqua quaedam currit vel stat in fistulis plumbeiâ— aut stanneis efficitur in testinorum sive viscerum exceriatio Albeâ—t Magn lib 3. de metal tract 2. cap. 4 Aqua per plumbum ducta ideo videtur viâ—iosa quod ex cerusa fit nascitur Vit. lib. 8. Pallad lib. 9 cap. 11 c. Indeque Lang. Epist medicin loco nuper citat Confutation of this opinion River-water What river-water is best Waters of Lakes and Ponds Well-water Pump-water Pond-water worst of all others a Quicquid substantiam nostri corporis auget conservat vel ut alii Alimentum est quod vitales vires custodire natum existit per refectionem triplicis substantiae spirituosae humidae carnosae quae in nobis quotidie perit vires imminuit Mercatus tom 1 lib. 2. quaest 164. class 2. Properties required in nourishment Quod sapit nutrit b Lib. de carnibus c 2. Meteor cap. 2. d Lib. 2 de caus plant e Quatuor ex purit vitamducunt elementis Chameleon talpa maris halec Salamandra Halec unda fovet c. f Arist lib 5. de nat animal cap 19. Pliny lib. â—0 cap. 67. li. 13. cap. 30. Theoph. lib de igne c. g Lib. 2. cap. 56. h A man living only upon the Sunne and aire Olimpioderus Citante Riolano ficio in praelect i Lib. 7. cap. 2. Men without mouths k Athen. lib. 2. Diog. Laertius in eius vita l Jn Epistolis The Chameleon Rhin tax Manuâ—odiata avis Paradisi m Lib. de sensu sensib Confutation of these former assertions Many lies left us by antiquity and travellers Chameleon liveth not on the aire Nor the bird of Paradise Notable imposture Whether the bare element of earth can nourish or no. Answer n 3 De temporum The Iewes in their solemne feasts absteine from water as did the Egyptians of old o Lib. de Anima p Comment in lib Hippoc de aere aquis locis q Comen Aph. 13 lib. 4. cap. 7. lib 4. de usu part r 4 Meteor How long one may live without food a Lib. de carnibus b Lib. 11. cap. 54. c Lib. 3. observat medicin cap. de asiliâ— d Consiliâ— adversus famem e Idem Schenck ex Bartholomaei Anull ficta poest circa finem History of a fellow living seven daieâ— under the earth upon his owne urine only f Vide Marcellum Donatum de historia medic admirab Claudum DeodatuÌ„ Panth. Hygiast lib. 1. cap. 20. Lang Epist medic li. 2. Epist 27. aliosque g Iulius Firmicus Maternus lib. 4. Ridiculous reason of this strange abstinence Another more plausible h Laurent Ioubert decad 1. Parad. 2. i Vlysses Aldreandus lib. de exaâ—g k Loco supra citat In antient Authourâ— no mention made of any such strange abstinences None can long continue without sustenance l Aelianus in varia historia m Iovius Pontanus Notable imposture of a cozning counterfit Hermite a Lib. de legib Intemperance not only hurts our selves but propagates hereditary diseases to posteritie Things to be considered in all manner of nourishment Substance Aliments of grosse substance Of a slender substance Of a meane substance Qualitie of aliments Quantity variable according to sundry circumstances Allowance of foode for one naturall day in old times b Budans lib. 3. de asse Northern people and living in cold climate are allowed a more liberall use of diet than such as dwell in hot countries c See Sir William Vaughan his newlander cure part 1. sect 2. Preparation various Order of ingestion The time The structure of the intestinall parts of ravenous beasts differ froÌ„ that observed in man and why Fittest time for refection in naturall reason a Interrogatus Diogenes quando sumendum esset alimentum Hâ—benti inquit quando â—surit si non habeat cum habere poterit Diogenes Laert. in cius vita b Tu nunquam comedas stomachum ni noveris esse pureatum vacuumque cibo quem sumpseris ante Shola Salernit c Lib. 25. contin d 2 De diaera acut e Lib. 1. cap. 1. Cause of the weaknes of gluttons and belly-gods stomackes f Mercur. vari lection lib. 4. cap. 17. Foure names of repasts among the antient Greeks Athenaeus lib. 1. citant Stuckio antiquit conviv lib. 1. cap. 11. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vocarunt veteres No one man used all these foure repasts g Plutarch in ejus vita h Lib. de sanit tuenda i 5. de loco affect ca. 5. k Epist 83. l De Cyri institut lib. 8. m Lib. 7. n Exod 16.10 11 o 1 Sam. 14.25 2 Sam. 1.12 Vnseasonable use of possets in England Two meales most ordinary amongst most Nations Faâ—â—es mora bilem in nasum conciunt Adagium p Refert Appollonius in mirabilibus ex Arist eos qui semel in die vescuntur iracundiores esse quia per inediam exacerbantur humores qui cibo potu mitescunt Riolan filius in praelect privatis Whether dinner or supper ought to bee more liberall Arguments for dinner a Ex magna coenâ stomacho fit maxima poena ut sis nocte levis sit tibi coena brevis Schola Salernit Reasons for a more liberall supper b 7 Meth. c 1 Zaph lib. 1. 5. ac 6. Epidem d 2 dae vict acut e Aph. 15. lib. 2. Difference betwixt concoction and distribution f
a vâ—â—tricuto id enim pâ—ssunt quiâ—am peculiari quadam naturá nibilominus longiori tempore in eo durant atque si immodice haurtantur gel dum simul ac crassum in venas diffunaunt sucâ—uÌ„ quem poâ—ea venae sua oncoquendi facultate vix in probum sanguinum valent commutare Compertum est eos qui eu diutâ—us liberalinsque vescuntur morosis febribus morbisque alijs difficiboribus opportuniores fieri Audio Venetos in perniciales peâ—titentesque ob ijâ— cibâ—s aegritudiâ—es â—ncidere Forenles in Gallia propter esum frequentiorem Cucumerum obnoxios fieri fâ—bribus non est dubitanaum Si quis valctud ni consuluere velit neque seret neque edet cum lantum fit in eorum eâ—ca periculi Bruâ—er de re cibaâ—ia lib 8. cap. 89. Oâ— muâ—k-melons 8. de simplic medicfacultat â—lutt by them procureâ— to the body Caution for travellers How to discerne the best Fruits rare and deare in antient times Division of fruits NourishmeÌ„t of fruits Whether good to eat bread with fruits or no a Aleisius Mundella Epist 34. Of Strawberries Vertues of Strawberries Straw berries with creame not to be ordinarily of every one used Of Raspes or Framboeses Of Mulberries b Ovid. 7. Metam c Jlle salubres Aestates peraget qui nigris prandia moris Finierit Horat. serm 1. sat 4. d Iohan. Bruyer de re cibaria lib. 11. ex Pâ—thernio apud Athenaeum e Mercur. variar lect libr. 1. cap. 4. The Blamble-berry The Goose-berrie Greene Goose-berries Ripe Goose-berries Ribes commonly but falsly called currants Of Barberries f Lib 3. cap. 69 Of Whotts whortle-berries Bilberries or Blea-berries Of Cherries The best Cherries Caution concerning preserved fruits The Blacke Cherry Dried Cherries Cherries and other such fruits when to be eaten Of Plummes The best Plummes Prunes or dried plummes sent us from other countries Of Peaches and Abricocks Peaches of divers sorâ—â— f Ronsard Whether wine be to be used after Peaches The kernell within the peach stone The Abricocke The kernells of Abricockes and Peaches kill wormes Of Grapes a Bruyerm de re cibaria libr. 11. cap. 10. ex Plutarch Probl. 39. Best Grapes Their use The best way of use Of Raisins Raisins of the Sunne Of Currants A great excesse in the use of Currants and other sweete meats Of Figges The vertue of Fig. b Jn libiis de morbiâ— mulierum pasiim alibi Of Dates Of fruites used after meales Of Apples Differances and varietie of Apples In regard of the substance In regard of the taste Their faculties or vertues Insipid Apples Sweet Apples Apples of a mixt taste betwixt sweete and sowre Sowre Apples The best way of use Quodled Apples When best to be eaten raw Oâ— Peares Faculties of Peares The Warden the best c Bruyerm de re 〈◊〉 â—rialâ— iâ— ex Athe◠〈◊〉 Dried Peares Of Quinces Of Medlars Services and Corneilleâ— Of Orangeâ— Difference of Oranges acording to the taste Of Lemmons and Citrons The rind of these fruits Of the Pomegranat Of three sorts Of Nuts Of Walnuts * Claudius Deodatus Panth giaâ— lib. 1. cap. 3. 1â— d Lib 2. caâ— 14â— Of Hasell-nuts and Filberts Of Almonds Vertues of Almonds The use of Almondâ— Oile of â— sweet Almonds Of the Pine-apple or Nut. Fisticke-nut Of Chestnuts Bread of Chestnuts Division and differences of flesh Differences according to severall circumstances Too fat meat is not good Difference according to the preparation Baked meat Salted meat Of Hogges flesh Boâ—es flesh or Brawn Of Pigges Of Beefe â— de alim facul lib. 3. This assertion of Galens must bee understood of leane old beefe Of Veale Very yong Veale is not to be used English Beeves surpasse others Of Goats Of Kids Lambs flesh Very young sucking Lambs are hurtfull to health Of Mutton Weather mutton Ewes mutton Rammes mutton * Fuge pabula lata Virgilius in Georg. Of Venison Fallow red decre Young Fallow deer a reasonable wholesome dish Baked venison Red-deeâ—e 〈◊〉 to the former Erroneous opinion Of Hares flesh a Inter quadrupedes gloria prima lepus Martial Leverets The Rabbet or Cony Wild Swines flesh Hedge-hogge Of the parts of beasts Fat of all sorts Braines Preparation of brains The Eyes The Mâ—râ—ow The 〈◊〉 Cheekes Eares snowt feet The Belly or Tripes The Heart The Lungs Liver Milt The Kidnies The Vdder Stones Blood of beast Of Milke and what it is Best Milke In Milke a triple substance observable Whey Butter Cheese Best Cheese Fowle best for use according to its usage Of Caponâ— Hens Of Chickens When best for use Of Cockes Turkies Caution concerning cramming of tame fowle The Peacocke a Macrob. Saturn libr. 3.13 b De civit Dei lib. 2â— cap 4. Of Pigeons The Stock-dove The Turtle â— Goose Wilde-goose Solan Goose The manner of the eating of the Solan-Goose The Pheasâ—n The Partridge Wilde-fowle commoÌ„ly drier than tame The Quaile The Powt The Moore-cocke or Heath-cocke The Larke The Thrush * Jnter aves Turdus siquis me iudice certet Jnter quadrupedes gloria prima Lepuâ— Maâ—â—ialâ—s Sparrowes Linnet Black-bird The Sterâ—ine The Snite or Snipe Frid-fare The Raile The Ploveâ— The Lapwing Fowle living in and about waters Swanne Duckes wilde and tame Heron Stork Crane Bustard Bittour Teale Moore-hen or Fenducke Of the parts of fowle daintiest and in most request The wing The legge Pulpous flesh about the brest The braine The Maw or Gussord The Liveâ— The Goose liver in great esteeme among the antient Romans The stones The egges a Purchas his pilgrimage lib. 4. cap. 12. b Idem cap. 4. c Jdem libr. 8. cap. 4. d Lib. 6. cap. 14. e Lib. 2. cap. 16. Of Rats f Lib. 3. cap. 65. lib. 36. cap. 1. Horses Dogges and Cats flesh Mules and Asses Cats flesh no uncoth food g Pars quaedam Locustis tantum vivit fumo sale duratis in annua alimenta Ii quadragesimum vita annum non excedunt Plin. lib. 6. cap. 30. libr. 7 cap. 2. lib. 11. cap. 29. Diod. Sicul. libr. 3. cap. 3. Leo African descript Afr. lib. 9 cap. 3 c. h Michcaell Taxates Leonabardus Thurnheyleus in Onomaâ—tio suo super Theophâ— Parac de mellescribentem Vide Sturbrium antiq convâ—â— lâ—b 2. cap. â— i Epiphanius contra Ebienaeos Ibid. k Nam quae innoxia sum sapore odore tetro careâ—t sola opinione constant Idem ibid. l Alranarum quoque cochâ—earum esum pervenit hominis audaciâ— quosi vero tam inops fuerit natura ut non opulentissimos ad vivendum thesauros quovis in loco ubi vita peragenda foret disposuisset Ars enim inventa est teste Libav lib. 1. Batrach cap. 15. Non quo pacto gallinas aves oves juvencos brassicam â—etam frumenâ—â—a Cyprinos recte mensis imponeremus sed prodigiosa andacia portentosoq ingenio undarum limo vesceremur ranis telluris sordibus cochleis silvarumque scabie fungis stagnorum putredine ostreis ut aterna sapientiae
citante Stuckio k Luk. 22.27 l In a dagijs m Erant enim tres crateres primus lovis Olympij seu Olympiorum ac coelestium secundus Heroum tertius lovis Servatoris perfecti a ternario numero in quo sit principium medium finis Alij sanitatis sive valetudinis poculum nominant Dictum est item poculum boni Daemonis quod ab initio coenae in extremo convivio antequam surgerent asportarenturve mensae a convivis usurparetur Moris enim erat ut omnes in convivâ—is mensae post ultimam iâ—lam Daemonis potationem removerentur vel ex impio sacrilego Dionysij tyranni facmore videre est Is enim cum Syracusis in Aesculapij famo aurea ante simulacbrum mensa reposita esset patera mero repleta propino inquit tibi Aesculapi boni Daemonis calicem cum dicto auream statim mensam auferre â—usâ—it Stuck antiquit com iv lib. 3. cap. 22. ex Polluce Athenzo Who are allowe to drinke last at their meales Whether wee are to drinke going to bed Answer Not good to drinke betwixt meales Water the most common and most antient drinke of all others a Aquam quidem sua natura frigidam dixerunt Ocellus Hippocrates Empedocles Aristoceles potior medicorum pars imo Strato Philosophus omnium frigidorum primum esse venit At Bernardius Telesius Franciscus Patritius Franciscus Mutus veterum recentiorumque non pauci ab inditu a natura principiis lumine calore stuore mobilitate etus essentiam constituentibê° a viribê° iteÌ„ astionibus generandi multiplici potestate a perspicuitate raritate sapore item tam dulci tamamaro salso c. audeater confidenter omnes aquas ipsum scilicet mare seu Oceanum quod loci magnitudine aquarum copia molis immensstate primatum obtinet omnes item lacus stagna flumma sontes puteos tum ipsas subterraneas aquas Platonis Tartarum aliosque ingentes speluncas cavernas adimplentes ut fluvios subterreneos a metallorum fossoribus alijsque curiosis hominibus tum auditos tum visos c. sua natura calidos eosque tum salsos secundum magis minus tum dulces esse astruxerunt Omnis erum aqua tam subterraneae quam superterranea de aquis enim supercoelestibus hic nobis non est sermo vel amara salsa est uti maria vel dulcis uti flumina fontes lacus c. Nisi per accidens alieno sâ—pore aliarum rerum accessione tingantur At cum omnes aquae fontes flumina ab uno Oceano seu aquarum universitate abysso oriantur neque enim ullos habet fontes sed ipsum fons est scaturigo reliquarum omnium aquarum teste Moyse lussit enim conditor omnes aquas quae sub Coelo erant in unum locum congregari quam postea congregationem mare abyssam vocavit Maria autem aquae sunt amarae ita ut omnes aquae a primordio fuerint amarae ac salsae quas post modum qualitates aquae terrarum anfractus subeundo fontes constituendo amiserunt c. Claud. Deod Panth. Hygiast lib. 1. cap. 18. Correcting of bad watersfirst by boiling 2. By distillation 3. By straining 4. By boiling with sand 5. By Corall beaten to powder 6 By wheaten floure or meale b 2 Kings 2.21 9 By carrying some of the earth of the place Invention to coole water c Lib. de cibis boni mali succi Sixe waies of cooling water 1 By the Aire d 6 Epidem comment 4. e Arist 1 met eâ—r cap. 12. 2 Way letting it downe into a deepe well 3 Way by salt peter 4 Way by ice or snow f Lib. 2. g Bellon observat medicin lib 3. cap 22. 5. Way by deepe cellers 6. Way by motion agitation Divers differences of Wines 1 From the age Mustum or new wine a Gal. lib de cibis borâ— mali succi b Qui properant noua musta bibant mihi fundat avitum Consulibus priscis condita testa merum Ovid 3. de amore Very old wine 2 Difference from the substance 3 Difference from the colour 4 Difference from the taste 5 Difference from the smell 6 Difference from 〈◊〉 soile naturall temper of the aire 7 Difference from the faculties thicke red wines Strong sweet wines of a yellow colour French wines of divers sorts Small wines Or 〈…〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 Wine is dry in the second quantity Ouâ— wines differ much from the wines of the antients â— Caeterorum vinorum tanta cura fuit medicaminu ut cinerâ— apud quosdam feâ— gypso alâ—bâ— quibus diximus modu instaurentur c. Qui marinam aquaÌ„ ejusdem rei gratia ex alto peti â—ubent c. Pix in Italia ad vasa vâ—â—o condienda maxime probatur Brytia c Tot beneficiâ—s piacere cogitur miramur noxia esse in vitium inclinantes Plin. lib. 19. cap. 20. Coâ—â— diseases produced bâ— the use of wine accidentally Vertues of wine moderately used d Psalme 103. Iuâ—g 9 Ecclesiast 31 c. e 7 Politic. Lib. de salubri diata g 3 de sanit tuenda What person it beâ—â— befitteth â—am vero 〈◊〉 larvitrâ— si ultius quam 〈◊〉 caâ—oris au eâ—d gratia vinum abundanter meracum praecipue indulgere Quanto enim vinum calidius est per se tanto maâ—ore venâ—ris ac viscerum omuium câ—â— ore opusest ut superetur aliaqui a minoâ—i acessic crudamque succum auget unde calorem naturalem suffocat morbos innumeros â—arit ac mortem properat Quare vinum esse lac senum non valde prohoâ— censeo potius senibus sensim esse dandum aiturius usque dum in extremo senio constitutis toto vino detracto de ur pro eo mulâ—a aut decâ—ct aqua satius enim est pâ—rmittere catori nâ—turali sensim venire au naâ—uraâ—em interiâ—um quam vine obruere â—enectam facere mis rabiâ—torem breviorem Vaâ—â—â— de sacrâ— philos cap. 20. Wine either drunkâ— pure of it selfe or mingled with water g Mercur. variar lect libr. 7. How we use to dilute or mingle our wine Of the use of Sugar with wine h Arnoldus de villa nova tractatu de vinis Ingredients of our Beere a The antient Egyptians made drinke of corne Herod in Euterpe b Lib. 2. cap. 80. 81. c Lib. 6. simpl mâ—lic Our drinke made of corne differeth from that of the antients and is a very wholesome drinke Divers differences in our drinke to be observed First from the adding or withdrawing of hoppe Secondly from the corne it is made of Third difference froÌ„ the age Fourth from the strength Fifth from the substance Sixth from the taste Seventh difference from the quantity of the hoppe Eighth the colour Ninth froÌ„ the goodnesse of the malt 10 From the water wherewith it is maâ—e and the fewell wherewith it is boiled Hop and the
frequentem coetum hominum eo nempe loco quo vivis non possint nocere Expostio Nempeid vult canon loâ—â—a sepulturarum debere esse extra urbes in o extra templa in quibus homines frequenteâ— conve nunt id quod probatur ex perpetua consuetudine popuâ—i Dei qui mortuos suos sepelâ—t non in urbibus templis sed in campis sicut videre est in historia Patriarcharum qui omnes in campis sepeliri voluerunt imprimis manifeste testatur Evangelista Lucas cap. 7. Vbi narrat filium vidua habitantus in uâ—be Naum cum mortuus esset deportatum fuisse extra urbâ—m adse ulturam â—d quâ—m loâ—um vide quae anâ—otet â—octi interpretes qui id omnes uno ore profitentur non tantum Iudaeorum sed etiam gentâ—â—m 〈◊〉 remfuisse ut mortuos suos esserrent extra urbes Vide etiam â—â—martyr loco commuclall 2. loco de sâ— puâ—t 2 Ratio aucitur ex charitate proximi cuâ— plane aduersatur iste mos sepeliendorum mortuorum in urbibus templis dum nempe valetuâ—â—ni vitae vivorum nocetur per haelitus qui excâ—daveribus mortuorum in urbibus tempâ—s tanto copiosiores exhilant quanto locus est conclasiâ—r ob hominum frequentiam tepidior quos quidem balitus praesertim ex eorum cadaveâ—â—bus qui peste eâ—â—â—â—cts sunt evaporantes venenatos ac contagiosos medici testantur inter quos Leâ—in Lemn 2. De mirac Nat cap â— Vt non dicam hoc loco de 〈…〉 terrâ—â— in qui 〈…〉 plura 〈…〉 quam 〈…〉 ea â—o a 〈…〉 nata quasi quam materiam 〈…〉 mâ—numentâ—◠〈…〉 istud mov aâ— effoâ—â—tur 3 Ratio eâ— a caus◠〈◊〉 orâ—gine estius consuâ—tudâ—nu sepeliendorum maâ—tuâ—rum in templâ—â— quam originem 〈…〉 vel id testimoniam est quod nempe Monâ—â—m praeâ—itim â—â—aâ— câ—â—cani ac praeserâ—m 〈◊〉 aâ—â—untes ex ist◠〈◊〉 ra morâ—uâ—rum quae in temp in temp iâ— fiant non nisi lucrainâ— quâ—lium quaesiverint turâ—â—â—mum quidem ita suae siâ— erint ut nâ—â—â—xpeâ—â—â—rint templa 〈◊〉 quae aqua 〈…〉 câ—â—at 〈◊〉 ac conâ—aminâ—ri cum Deut ipse diâ—â—rte in 〈…〉 â—andum ea 〈…〉 pu◠〈…〉 ai 〈…〉 summo altare viciniora Acce 〈◊〉 aliud argumentum ex testimoâ—io â—uris ciâ—ilu de quoâ— ure plâ—â—â—t annotare verba Francisci Ripae extracta de peste cap. 4 ante citato ubi iuquit ad removencum â—oeâ—orâ—â—m ex cadaveribus provenientem a maioribus nostris inventa sunt sepulchra non defunctorum causa sed viventium gratia instituta Nam quia sepulchra ut plurimum foetent staruit D. Adrianus poenam â—0 aureorum in eos qui in civitate sepulchrum â—ociunt locumq publicati iussit corpus inde transferri eadem Magistratibus patientibus imminente 3. § Divus Adriaâ—us F. de sepulchrorum violatoribus Huc accidit lex 12. tabularum quae jussit humari corpora extra urbem â—â—verbis Moâ—tuâ—m hominem in urbe ne sepelito Quam legem citans Franciscus Patricius ipse homo Pontificius lib. 5. de institutione reipubl tit 10. inâ—â—r alia haec etiam addit verba Nullum genus sepulturae megis laudandum puto quam humâ—â—ones sub di◠〈◊〉 flores herbae naâ—cuntur tam id in sepulchris vetustissimis inscriptum sit Sparge rosas lector vel canâ—id a lilia pone stem Manibus date lilia plenis Item purpureos spargam flores Et addit Patricius Pulchrius est optabilius Germinatiti teriae â—â—â—di hoc corpus cum ex tali terra factum sit ut aequum est ut fâ—lius in gremium matris revertatur Denique etiam a edit hodierna consuetudo laudatissimarum rerum publicarum Argentinensis Noribâ—â—ensis Lipsensis in quibus vel rara vâ—l nulla etiam mortaliorum cadavera in templis urbanis humantur De Spartanis mâ—ror quod permiforint mortuos in urbe sepelâ—i de quo â—m consuetudine vide Eraâ—um libr. 3. pag. 110. Interim tamen vetuerunt ne monumenta in templis fierent sed â—uxta Vide iâ—id Ante annos cirâ—iter 400. haec execrabilis consuetudo coepit cum ante haec tempora etiam Martyrum cadavera extra urbes sepulta 〈…〉 Franciscani enim Dominicani cum viderent numerum fraterculorum angeri nec tantos sumplus ipses su pâ—â—ere 〈◊〉 emâ—ugendae pecuuia artem invenerunt ut homines in cucullis Monacborum prope altare sepeliri deber 〈…〉 duent ita ut recte quis dicat Nullam artem acquitendae pecuniae esse probatiorem quam mortuorum Vide ibedem pluâ—â— Caâ— 10. â—â—â—â—ectioÌ„ o◠〈…〉 〈◊〉 to coole the aire in Sommer Warming of the cold aire in Winter The fewell whereof the fire is made Sea coale and pit-coale â—re naught 〈…〉 â—â—ndled in a close â—â—ome dangeâ—ouâ— History 〈…〉 Sweet wood iâ— thâ— best Good fewell 〈…〉 Worse fewell n De conservanda valetud cap. 7. Heath or ling wholsome fewell 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 waâ—eâ— Hot and 〈◊〉 woods 〈…〉 whom 〈…〉 Consideration of the particular aire about the sicke 〈◊〉 situation of the 〈…〉 station The next best situation The worst Low â—oomes in what diseases best Great and spatious roomes Narrow and close rooms in contagious and pestilentiall diseases are not good Close roomes when best Stones and hot-houses not wholesome o Locoprius citato Of Light and how it maybe used about the sicke § Alium enim lux alium tenebrae magis turbant reperiunturque nullum discrimen deprehendi vel hoc vel illo modo possit Optimum itaque est utrumque experiri habere eum qui tenebras horret in luce eum qui lucem ut tenebris At ubi nullum tale discrimen est aeger si vires habet loco lucido si non habet obscuro continendus est Cels lib. 3. cap. 18. Hippoc lib. de medico The Colour of the walles Hangings of the roome * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aph. 1. lib. 1. p Liv. ut anima 〈…〉 q 〈…〉 cap 3. r In quaestion Romanis Å¿ 〈◊〉 29 cap. 1. Country aire in generally an◠〈◊〉 the most part to bee preferâ—â—d Great diversitie in countri◠〈◊〉 Diversitie in the aire of seveâ—all townes and cities Good and wholesom aire of the towne of Northampton Situation of this Towne 〈…〉 River of â—â—ne and good 〈…〉 breeding â—â—erin â—â—stures and 〈◊〉 about 〈…〉 Decay of 〈…〉 this com◠〈◊〉 many other conâ—â—â—â—â—tions of this kingdom 〈◊〉 wood of Norâ—hampâ—oâ— shire Good water for dying This towne commodious for entertaâ—nment for great meetings Clothing wold make this corporation flourish Master Iohn Denbigh one of the Aldermen of Northampton hath begun to set up clothing The river of Nine made navigable wold prove beneficial both for towne and countrie a Lib. de intern affeâ—â— b Lib. 25. cap. 3. c Cornel Gemmâ— lib. 2. cosmoâ—â—â—t When to cover the sicke More clothes to be used in the night than in the day d Galen comment in eam
4. n Erastus Antiparaâ— Part. 4. o Amat Lusit centur 4. curat 14. centur 1. curat 3. p Lib. 3 cap. â— q Lib. 7. epid in aegrotâ— 7. qui suit meton r Libr. 1. cap. 6. Å¿ 6. Epidem How water is to be prepared for the use of the sicke In the exhibiting of cold water what things to be considered t 11 Meth commen lib de victu acut u Rhas libr. 1. divis ca. 148. Averih collect lib. 7. cap. 8. The generall time * 10 Meth. Particular time x Lib. de diaeta acut y Ioubert des erreurs populaires partic 2. cap. 7. Contre ceux qui ne permetient aux fâ—bricitans de boire durant leur acces c. The quantity z Proct. 57. sect 1. Obiect Answere a De dâ—â—ta acut Cels lib. 3. cap. 7. b Lib. 5. epid Accommodation to our owne countrie 〈◊〉 climat Small beere with iâ— in stead of water allowed the sick and so to be used How water may safe liest of us be used What thirst is Hot drinkes have bin in use of old a Dio 〈◊〉 Thermopolia in Rome placeâ— where hot drinkes were sold Fiberius Calâ—ius mero b Quando vocatus adest calidâ— frigidaque minister luven Caldam poscis aquam sed nondum frigidalenit Alget adhuc nudo clausa culina soco Mat. c In Vers in Trinummo Rudente in pseudolo d Stuâ—k Anntiqu conâ—â—â— libr. â— cap. 6. ex 〈…〉 Iud. * 〈…〉 ex 〈◊〉 tem ex Athen. 8 Diâ—nosoâ— f Mercur. â—ariar lect 〈◊〉 1. Frigida non dâ—crit non decrit 〈…〉 Idem Stuck ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 h Lambiâ— Turneâ— in praed Plauti loc referente eodem Stuckio ibid. Cold drinke is best and most usefull Burning of wine whether better for use than other wiâ—e Whether warm drink be useful for the sicke i Cels lib. 3. capâ— k Trallianus Paulus Aegineta Warme drinke in use with us also Boiled water Distillation 〈◊〉 us in frequent use to the antients unknowne Distilled waters to be preferred before others Needlesse feare of som conceived in the use of distilled waters a Androcideâ—s sapientia claruo ad Alexandrum Magnum scripsit intemperantiam eius â—ohibendam sic scripsit Vtinam potaturus rex memento te bibere sanguinem tâ—rrae Situti venenum est hominicicuta ita vinum Quibus praecep is si ille obtemperavisset profecto amâ—cos in temutentia non interemisset Plin lib. 14. cap. 5. b In vita Alexandri magni c De victu in aâ—utu d In comment alibi Wine may safely somtimes be exhibited the sicke e Vide Gal. sub finem lib. de euch cacoch Circumstances considerable in exhibiting wine to the sicke f Quod ad febrium aegritudines attinet certum est non dandum in febre nisi veteribuâ— aegris vinum nec nisid â— clinante morbo In acutis vero periculis nullis nisi qui manifestas remissiones habeant bas noctu potius dâ—midia enim pars periculi est noctu hoc est spesomai bibentibus nec a partu abortuve nec a libidine aegrotantibus nec in capitis doloribus nec quorum accessiones cum frigore extremitatum fiant nec in febri tussientibus c. Et paulo post dari utique non nisi in cibo debet nec a somno nec praecedente alio potu hoc est utique sitienti nec nisi in desperatione summa c. Plin. lib. 28 cap. 2. Wine called couleur du pesche Accommodation to our climat VVhat wine with us fittest Beere better for our sicke than wine In acute diseases the smaller the better Erroneous opinion of the vulgar esteeming strong drinke a Panacea or catholick medicine against all diseases Artificiall wine Diet drinkes made of ale or beere Scurvy grasse ale Scurvy-grasse is good aâ—ainst obstructions of the spleene and accidentally cleareth the blood and iâ— therefore good against the Scurvy Of Aquavitae and other strong sublimated waters g Savonatola tractatiâ— de aqua vitae Historie Another Aurum potabile produceth but few witnesses of its efficacy Srongwaters sparingly warily to be used For whom most usefull Spirit of ale or beere Ordinary aquavitae pernicious to the health of man The right spirit of wine how to be discerned Great variety of stroÌ„g waters Great danger in the too frequent use of these sublimate waters especially in the yonger sort Three sorts of drinks made of hone in use among the antients b Mercur. variar lect lib. 6. c Plin. lib. 7. cap. 56. d 4 Sympos Proâ—â—â— e Piacotonius lib. de cerevisia mulsa Hydromel and divers compositions thereof f Libr. g Loco nuper citat Apomell h 4 De san tuend How Hydromel or Mulsa was made among the Arabian Physitians i Lib. de victu acut Two sorts of it among the Greekes Melicratum Aquosum sincerum To know when it is boiled enough k Lib. 31. cap 6. Oxymel or sirup made of vineger l Lib. de diaeta acut Gal. in commen 8. meth 11. mâ—th m Augerius Ferrerâ—us in castigat pract n Thaddeus Dunus in epist medicinal o 4 de sanâ—t tuenda Divers composition of Oxymel p Iohann Renod. institut Pharmaceut lib. 3. cap. 4. q Val. Cordus ex meâ— antidoterio Choice to be made of the ingredients of this drinke Divers compounded Oxymels are made of hony Great error in the ordinary use of Oximel and other expectorant medicines Temperature of barly a 7 simplic medica 1 de alim lib. de in victu aâ—ut b Lib de victu in acut alibi Ptisan what in old time what with us c Rond instit pharmaceut lib. 5. cap. 11. Ptiâ—aâ— made of divers graines d Problem 27. sect 1. Whether ptisan made of barly or wheat be better Answere d Gal lib de ptisana How the antient Greeke Physitians prepared this ptisan or creame of barâ—y Manner of preparation with us How to prepare our owne barly to make this and other drinks made of barly Orgemond and what it is Barly-water e Lib. de diaeta acut Gal. in comm f Collectan lib. Barly-water of two sorts Of prepared barly two sorts g Cap de pleurit Preparation Caveat concerning the use of barly water Our barly-water Barly water for the poorer sorts Another drinks to be used in any Fever Of emulsions or almond milke In what cases most usefull The quantity of the Almonds must be according as it is made thicke or thin howbeit the vulgar make it coÌ„monly too thick and fulsome The manner of preparation Addition of certaiÌ„ne seeds and how to be used Cautions to bee observed in emulsion They must not be too fulsome not too frequent Some use to make the emulsions or almond milks with the decoction of flesh but if the partie bee weake stomacked it may make him loath both that and all other food Divers sorts of emulsions in time of need may be prepared Several