and these coming into the Nerves produce what we describe by Vapours in the hypochondriac and hysteric Cases for all sorts of Convulsions as Epilepsies hysteric and hypochondriac Fits Vertigo the Palpitation of the Heart Singultus Chorea Sancti Viti depend on the highest and hottest Flatulency of our Spirits but the Tympanites Asthma Incubus are different from the former as much as a gradual Elasticity or Expansion of the gentle Air does from a violent Blast or Storm I will here annex a strange Account of a Priapismus from Windiness first premising that it is no effect of a Venereal Distemper nor a Melancholic Fancy The Person is of a middle Age and fat habit of Body who every Night has a Priapism in his Sleep cum emissione Seminis it never seizes him but in his Sleep at Night and never in the Day-time though he sleep then This painful Erection he imputes wholly to Windiness and thus he describes it I often plainly and loudly hear the Wind to make a Noise in that part like that of the Guts especially in a Morning for constantly as soon as I wake the Wind begins to return from that part and in going back is very audible for near a quarter of an hour till the Part is fully fall'n and sometime when it is returning I find a Pain and Fulness ensues in my Breast and at the same time I have constantly a Noise and Piping in my Ears He bled in the Penis without any Benefit and drank chalybeate Waters without any great Success and used Steel and Nervines Fomentations and Vnguents The Medicines against a Priapism above the hot Flatulencies are nitrous Medicines Spirit of Niter Emulsions Acids Narcotics externally and internally Bath Waters Chalybeate Waters The hot Carminatives are Camphire Rheu Cummin Seeds Species Diambrae Agnus Castus Seed and Hemp Seed Glysters do more than Purges The Indications in the Cure of the hot foetid Flatulencies are I. To evacuate by Vomits or gentle Purges or Glysters the nidorous Acid bitter Salt or foetid Mass from the Stomach and by frequent Purges to divert those Humours from thence which give an ill Tincture to the Ferment of the Stomach Cholagogues and all the specific Purgers are here proper Purging Waters especially II. To correct the cholerick salt vitriolic or putrefactive State of the Blood which insects the stomachic Ferment and for this we must use those Alteratives which are prescribed for each Cacochymia III. All the hot Flatulencies of Humours must be depressed by fixing the fermenting Spirits 1. By Acids Sp. Nitri dulcis Salis dulcis Succi Citri Ribium Decoct Tamarind Elixir Vitrioli Elixir Proprietat cum Acido Crem Tartari Spirit of Vinegar â„ž Aq. Menth. Simp. Fl. Chamomeli Foeniculi an â„¥ iv Sp. Carui â„¥ iss Sp. Aceti â„¥ i. ocul Canc. vel Antimonii Diaph Ê’i Syr. Corticis Aurant â„¥ i. Laud. gr iij. Gas Sulphuris Cochi cum Aq. Paratae Haustu 2. By Salso-Acids Acids mixt with Volatiles Mixtura Simplex Sp. Carminans Secretus ex Tartaro Nitro Sal Prunellae Sal Armoniac and all nitrous Medicines Sal Succini 3. By watery Liquors as Aq. Parata distilled Waters drinking Wine and two parts of Water or Wood-Drinks spaw-Spaw-Waters Milk and Water in salt Cacochymia's the Bath Waters inwardly but outwardly they increase all hot Flatulencies Cold Water is more useful or Vinegar and Water dipping or immersion in cold Water Solutions of Niter and Sal Armoniac The cool Juyces of Plants as Sempervivum Purslain Brook-Lime Plantain and Raw Fruits cool such flatulent Bloods But since all the hot Flatulencies procure a decay of Spirits the Fermentation becomes at length depressed and as in all chronical Diseases a Saburra is produced which requires Digestives of the cooler kind to renew the Fermentation of the Blood and depurate it from some secretitious Humour suppressed As 1. The cool Chalybeates as Vitriolum Martis Chalybs Willisianus in Milk Waters 2. The wild aromatic Carminatives and gentler Bitters as Chamomile Flowers Zedoary Angelica Orange Peels 3. The Use of a moderate Diet in which there is little Slime or acrid Parts especially Liquors in which no spirituous Parts are and which are not apt to ferment The Nervine hot Flatulencies cannot be composed without Opiates which weaken the Elasticity of the Spirits All hot Nervines as Castor the hot Gums Assa Galbanum and all Amber Medicines increase the hot Flatulencies and also all Chymical Oyls Balsams and all Salts whether volatile or fixed and also all hot Applications outwardly but the cool Medicines mentioned above which cool and temper the sanguineous Spirits have the same effect upon the Animal or Succus Nervosus It often happens that there is a cool Flatulency depending on a weak Digestion in the Stomach when a hot Flatulency infects the Blood and Nerves as in the Asthma Tympany Hypochondriac and Hysteric Cases and then the Medicines must be mixed and of a middle temper neither too hot nor too cold â„ž Aq. Menth. Fenicul an â„¥ iij. Sp. Carminativ Sylvii â„¥ iss Sp. Nitri gr xx Ol. Juniperi gr vi Syr. Cort. Aurant â„¥ iss Laud. gr iij. Capiat cochleat Fifthly Of the Corrosiveness of the Humours When Humours are corrosive they produce Pains Burning Vlcers Rottenness of the Bones and Teeth and Fluxes of the Belly or Haemorrhagies and a thin foetid Sanies in ulcerated Parts 1. A corrosive Acidity in the Stomach and Belly produces the Pain and Heart-burning in the Stomach a Cholera or Cholick or Dysentery or Boulimia and Vlcers 2. A corrosive Temper of the Spittle corrodes the Teeth and Gums and occasions sharp Catarrhs The corrosive Temper of the Mucus of the Aspera Arteria produces a Phthisis Spitting of Blood and the corrosive Temper of the Mucus of the Nose an Ozena 3. A corrosive Acrimony in the Seminal Lympha produces Salacity Gonorrhaea Simplex and Fluor Albus if with Pain and Corrosion 4. The Corrosiveness of the Lympha Nervosa is made evident by wandring corroding Pains of the Head and Limbs in the Scurvy and Lues Venerea and in Convulsions or Cramps and Melancholies 5. The Humours of the Eyes have a salso-acid Corrosiveness which inflames and ulcerates them 6. The Milk in Womens Breasts acquires a corrosive Acidity which produces cancrous or schirrous Tumours 7. The Blood has a corrosive Saltness in the Scurvy and Haemorrhagies 8. The salt Serum and the Lympha serosa have a muriatic Corrosiveness which corrodes the Flesh and hinders the Nourishment 9. The Vrin is corrosive in the Strangury 10. The Bile is corrosive in Diarrhaea's 11. The Spleen-Acid is corrosive in Melancholies The external Causes of Corrosiveness are 1. Sharp corrosive Diet of sharp stale Beer and salt Meats and smoaked dryed Meats burning Brandy Spirits and sharp acid Wines 2. Violent Passions Sadness Anger Anxiety and Watching Studies 3. Immoderate Labour and Venery 4. Suppression of sharp Humours usually evacuated The internal Causes 1. The Ebullition or high Fermentation
the Head in the Hydrocephalus 3. Hydrops Thoracis is when it is evacuated into the Cavity of the Breast 4. In the Dropsy of the Womb the Water is contained in the Cavity of it or its Testicles or distends the Lymphatics into Vesiculae 5. In the Hydrocele the Water is evacuated into the Cods These Distempers depend on too great a Serosity of the Blood but they being Evacuations of it into particular Cavities ought to be treated of under that head The external Causes of the Serosity of the Blood are I. A wet and a moist Region which supplies great foggy Air for our Respirations and by that we imbibe its Humidities and that also hinders Transpiration and so increases the Serosity II. A crude watery mucilaginous Diet of Vegetables Fish immoderate Drinking Milk-Meats Broths Water drinking Herbs and Fruits III. The Intermission of dew Exercise which ought to discuss by Sweat and that also helps Chylification Sanguification and the Circulation and Secretion of Humours IV. The Suppression of Evacuations by Sweat and Vrin in the Stone or the Suppression of Fontinels Menses Haemorrhoids or Looseness make the Blood more serous V. The Sanguification is weakened by great Evacuations as Haemorrhagies Dysenteries Fluxes of the Menses as also by the Fluor Albus and Vomitings and Quartanes VI. Sadness and Sleep stop the Motion of our Spirits and Humours and by that means hinder our Sanguification of the Chyle The internal Causes of too much Serosity of the Blood are 1. A weak Ferment and a watery Chyle 2. A vapid watery Blood which is less florid and oyly and wants its due Saltness by which it ought to turn the new Chyle into the Serum and the Cake of Blood 3. The Circulation of the Blood being hindred by any inward Polypus or Tumour of the Viscera as the Lungs Liver Spleen Kidneys either cause an Extravasasion of the Serum or hinder its Digestion and Sanguification and the Stagnation of it is observed in some part The Circulation of the Blood is deficient in the languid and dying and their Legs pit The Circulation being often stopt occasions that Dropsies follow Asthma's Hysterical Fits and other Convulsions The Signs of a serous Constitution and of the serous Cacochymia are The Use of watery Meats and Drinks Evacuations of Sweat or Vrin or any other stopt The Swelling of the Belly Legs or Face under the Eyes much Sweating or great quantity of pale Vrin watery Stools and much Water contained in the Blood when let forth above an equal weight of the Serum in respect of the Cake The Cure of the serous Cacohymia requires First A dry Diet and that which is heating drinking Wine or strong Beer Roast rather than Boiled all manner of salt bitter acrid or aromatic Pickles and abstinence from much Liquids only lbiss of Wine in a Day for 40 Days or else with Wormwood Juniper-Berries Anti-scorbuties and Ashes in constant Drink Secondly The Evacuation of the Chyle which is watery from the primae viae Blood or Cavities of the Body 1. By Purgers which by their Tithymaline Acrimony carry off the Water as Extract Esulae Pil. De Gambogia Turbeth 2. Or by Purgers which have an acrid Resin as Jalap Mechoacan Scammony with Merc. dulcis 3. Or by nauseous Bitters as Syrup de Spina Roots and Seeds of Dwarf Elder Juyce of Briony Solanum Lignosum Soldanella Troches of Alhandal Elaterium Extract of Hellebor Or by other gentler Acrids as Jayce of Iris. Or Vitriolic Minerals as Crystals of Silver Squamae Aeris Antimonials Infusion of Crocus Metallorum Mercurius Vitae Turbeth Mineral and these work by Vomit and evacuate the Serum both ways Thirdly The Serum must be evacuated out of the Cavities by Paracentesis unless the Dropsie depend on a Schirrus of the Viscera for that is incurable The Parts may be pricked with a Needle above the Knee and Escarotics applied of Ash-Ashes or Blystering Plaster Fourthly The serous Matter is most plentisully evacuated by Vrin 1. By Lixiviums of Broom Juniper Bean-Ashes infused in White-Wine with Orange and Limon Peels or Flints extinguished in Wine 2. By Salso-Acids Tart. Vitriol Sal Armoniac or Salt of Wormwood and Spirit of Salt dissolved in any diuretic Julep Sal. Succini Sal. Prunell or Salt of Tartar nitrated the Herb Kali half a dram three Mornings successively 3. By acrid and caustic Turpentines Juniper-Berries Golden Rod Conyza Roots Enula Campane Squinanth Asarabacca Roots Spikenard Leaves of Arse-smart Savin or Pine Leaves Hepatica Terrestris 4. By watery Caustics Ranunculus Hederaceus Aaron Roots Anagallis Mas Ros Solis Squills Garlic Acrids as Garlic infused in Ale or its Juyce in Broths or Onions or Leeks in the same or Nettle Roots which have a caustic Juyce in them 5. By Cresse Acrids Infusion of Mustard-Seed in Wine Spirit of Scurvy-Grass and the Leaves of Scurvy-Grass Juyces of Water-Cresses 6. By aromatic sweet Acrids as Daucus Parsley Fenil Dill-Seeds distilled Water from Water Parsnip Roots of long Fenil Smallage Parsley Chervil 7. By the smoaky bitter Acrids as Eryngo Scabious Carduus Roots of Burdock and the Seeds 8. By the aromatic bitterish Acrids as Penny-Royal Hyssop Rosemary Sage 9. By the acrid Legumens as Asparagus and Butchers Broom-Roots Periclymenum Flowers Broom 10. By the acrid Foetids as Rheu Crocus Rheu boiled in White-Wine Posset-Drinks help the Tympanitical to make Water plentifully 11. By the bitter Acrids of a wormwood Taste as Sea and common Wormwood 12. By the acrid Bitters of a Mather Taste as Radix Rabiae 13. By Acrids of a laurel Taste as Bay-Berries Ash Seeds tops of Holly and Ivy-Berries 14. By acrid Insects as Millepedes Earth-Worms Scarabaei Grashoppers 15. By burning Acrids of the Orris kind as Xyry Acorus 16. By the bitter Acrids as Grana Alkakengi Bacc. Fraxini Bubulae 17. By volatile Salts and chymical acrid Cyls of Vegetables or Bitumens 18. By Acid Minerals Spirit of Salt Oyl of Vitriol By acid Vegetables Juyce of Limons Cream of Tartar Vinegar helps the Thirst 19. By the lamium Faetids as Hedera Terrestris 20. By the strong Bitters Salvia Agrestis Lupulus Scordium Chamaedrys Marrubium Vervein 21. By the sweet nauseous Bitters as Centaury Trifolium Palustre Gentian Fifthly The Serum may be evacuated by Clysters as 1. Vrinous 2. Terebinthinate 3. Of the bitterest Purgers as Coloquintida 4. By Sulphurous Medicines as Infusion of Crocus Metallorum 5. By Tithymaline Acrids added as Gambogia Ê’ss dissolved in Sack Sixthly A sweating Diet of Guaiacum and with that he may dilute his Wine for ordinary Drink Baths or Fomentations or the frequent Use of Venice Treacle discuss by Sweat and the Balsamum Polychrestum Seventhly All Hydropical Tumours may be discussed by Baths Fomentations Cataplasms Oyntments Plasters 1. By the acrid foetid and aromatic Plants above-mentioned being boiled in salt Liquors as sea-Sea-Water a Lixivium of Ashes or Aqua Calcis 2. By the Stercora of Animals boiled in Wine Vrin or a Lixivium and Sulphur added to them 3.
oyly acid foetid or acrid salt Temper of the Blood which is apt to ferment too much 3. A bitter acrid Choler which with the Tartar of the Meat produces a great Saltness of the Blood 4. A frequent and impetuous Circulation of the Blood which raises the Digestion of it which happens often in Summer and to Young Men by Passions or Surfeits 5. Foetid Humours retained ferment the Humours as the salt Serum the Semen the Choler and many extraneous Ferments come into the Blood from without as in the Itch Leprosie Pox the Ferment of infectious Fevers or the Poysons from Mad-Animals or venomous Bites of them All which have their Effects on the Animal by Fermenting its Humours Such as the Blood and Spirits of Animals be as to their Qualities such is the Temper of their Stomachic Ferment for that rises from the other and any Errour committed in Chylification is communicated to the Blood and Spirits The Cure of too high a Fermentation requires First That all the Evident Causes be avoided and that we use a contrary Diet of crude acerb watery mucilaginous Styptics as crude Vegetables Bistort Lettuce Spinage Cucumbers Sorrel Melons Fruits as Apples Plumbs Cherries Strawberries Sloes the Legumens as young Peas Beans boiled Wheat and all the farinaceous Meats of Oat or Barley Meal Rice or Pudding Panados The Drink ought to be small Beer or Water two Parts with a little Wine or else the Drinking Mead Elder-Wine or Wood-Drinks or Water it self or thin Milk Milk-Meats are very useful in this State for we add Milk to fermenting Wines to stop their Fretting Secondly All Choleric Humours ought to be evacuated and the Rancid Contents of the Stomach I. By Vomiting with Carduus or Sal Vitrioli or Squills II. By Cholagogues and those 1. Nauseous Dock-Bitters as Chewing of Rhubarb or its Infusion with Manna by Dock-Beer 2. By Aloetics Elixir Proprietatis cum Acido 3. By Bitterish and Nauseous Pea-Tastes as Sena III. By the Bitterish Purging Waters IV. By Diagrydiates mixt with Tartar or some Acid Rhubarb Pouder by Pil. Tartareae V. By Lenitive Sweet Purgers as Manna El. Lenitiv Thirdly The oyly bilious or salt Temper of the Ferment and Blood and its frequent Circulation are to be corrected and checked 1. By Acids as Spirit of Salt Vinegar Sulphur Niter Alum Conserve of Roses vitriolated cum Tinct Rosar which coagulate the Chyle the Bile the Salt Serum and the oyly Particles of the Blood and thereby fix them Bitters are always corrected by Acids so the Bitter of Aloes Coloquintida is abated by Spirit of Sulphur or Vitriol 2. Styptics preserve the Consistence of the Blood and hinder or cure Fevers as Plantain House-Leek Tormentil Cinquefoil Purslain 3. The Mucilaginous incrassate or thicken the Consistence as Gum Tragacanth and Icthyocolla Borrage Bugloss Emulsions Lettuce 4. Watery Liquors temper and dilute hot Humours as Mineral Waters Whey with Syrup of Violets and cool bitterish slimy or acid Juyces Milk-Waters drinking Milk and Water 5. Bitterish Crude Plants deterge away the Choler as the Cichory Bitters as Decoction of Cichory-Roots or Dandelion in Whey with Cream of Tartar 6. Opiates stop the vapid Circulation of Blood 7. Mercurial Medicines depress the Fermentation and cool Humours and stop Putrefaction Fourthly Frequent Bleeding abates the Fulness of Humours and checks their Fermentations or Fervors or Ebullitions Fifthly All Evacuations suppressed ought to be renewed and all extraneous Ferments to be corrected or evacuated Sixthly Externally we may check the Ebullition of the Blood by applying Water and Vinegar to the Pulses Stones Forehead Feet and in an extraordinary Case the Patient ought to be put into cold Water or dipt according to the Method communicated to me by my Ingenious Friend Dr. Baynard a Member of the College of Physicians whose Success by it in Curing such Diseases as depend on too high a Fermentation of the Blood is very well known and the Practice seems to me very Rational if managed according to the Rules his Experience has found out The Diseases which chiefly affect the Stomach upon too high a Fermentation are an Oyliness and Rancidity of its Contents and a Nidorous Ructus The Causes of these are 1. A Salso-acid spirituous Ferment 2. Meats which are half putrid or oyly or rancid or fat or fryed with Fat and corrosive Vegetables as Garlic Onyons or the much Use of Tobacco 3. Choleric or Salt Humours mixed with the natural Ferment Since these Nidorous Ructus depend on the Acrimony of Humours and the Foetid Spirituosity of the Ferment and the Putridness of the Meat they are improperly imputed to a Crudity for a Foetor is rather a sign of a Putrefaction and in no Crudity are the oyly acid Spirits so far volatilized in the Stomach The Cure of this Nidorosity is 1. By Evacuation by Vomiting and Purging as is directed 2. By Correcting the Oleous Temper of the Bile or Ferment or Meat by the Acids mentioned as Cream of Tartar Juyce of Limon Decoction of Tamarind Spirit of Niter dulcified with Spirit of Mint or Aniseeds Or by Salso-Acids as Sal Prunellae 3. By Externals Styptics Aromatics and Acids as Quinces and Mint with Vinegar and Leaven By too great a Fermentation of the Meat the Lacteal Lympha as the Saliva becomes nauseously Sweet and Sharp and the Ferment of the Stomach of the same quality which produces a Nauseousness and by its Salso-Acid a hot Cholic The Mucus of the Larynx and Aspera Arteria becomes Sharp or Salso-Acid and produces Coughs The Milk in the Breasts becomes bitter rank oyly salt thick which gives Gripes to Children and Vomits them The Semen becomes salt and stimulating as in Furor Vterinus The Succus Nervosus salt or more lucid than ordinary as in Deliriums and more Oyly and Foetid The Salt Lympha becomes more Salt as in the Gout Stone Haemorrhagies and the Scurvy Those are most disposed to this State of Blood who are of Choleric hot Constitutions for the same kind of Diet produces much Choler which over-ferments the Blood as all acrid bitter salt aromatic and sweet things and all hot Meats and Medicines injure them but cool ones and those that are Serous refresh them The Choleric have their Senses and Actions of the Mind and Motions of the Body very quick and ready their Passions of Anger and Revenge violent and their Dreams cruel and little Sleep and their Pulse full and hard and all these Symptoms depend on Fiery or Choleric Hot Spirits The Abundance of Choler abates the Appetite creates Thirst and requires a cool-Diet and disposes to Fevers and Phrensies The Erysipelas and Choleric Vomitings and Loosenesses and a bitterness in the Mouth the Vrin is thin yellowish or flame Coloured or red The Habit of the Body is generally lean and the Colour of the Face yellowish and the Hair yellow or black By these Signs mentioned we may know when Humours are too high fermented and Choler produced but that the Nature of
correct their Acidities III. The Coagulation of the Choler by the Acidity of the digested Meat helps the Oyl of the Meat to separate from the Faeces which are of an Earthy Nature to which it was united by an Acidity and the thick nutritious Parts of the Meat are easily extracted from the rest by the liquid Juyces of the Stomach and both the Oyly and Nutritious Parts being dissolved in a Liquor constitute the white Milky Liquor which is our Chyle I took some dry Reliques of Peas digested in the Stomach of a Hog who was fed twenty four Hours before he was Killed with Peas only and Water which smelt like boiled Gooseberries pleasantly Acid I put some Water to the digested Peas and made it Milky by Addition of some of the Hog's Gall. To the Liquor squeezed out of the Contents of the Stomach I put some Gall which was coagulated by it from whence it appears that Choler is naturally coagulated by the Acid Reliques of the Stomach I put some Spirit of Sal Armoniac to Gall coagulated by Spirit of Vitriol and it produced a Milky Colour from both these Experiments I did collect that the Coagulation of Choler by the Acid of the digested Meat together with the Oyly Parts of the Meat produce the White Colour of our Chyle so in Preparation of Lac Sulphuris the Milky Colour follows the Precipitation of the Tartar by an Acid Spirit and the Oyly Parts of the Sulphur give a Milky Colour Oyly or Resinous Liquors as Tincture of Benjamin Turpentine it self being diluted with Water become Milky Emulsions are Milky from the Oyliness of their Seeds The best Oyls thickened by cold and the Fat of Animals have a White Colour and Milk it self has its Whiteness from the Caseous Fibers and its Buttery Oyl IV. The Choler has its grosser Parts separated by the Acidity of the digested Meat and that gives Colour and Consistence to the Excrements and the Choler abounding with much Slime as appears by its Ropyness that inviscates the Gross indigested Parts of the Alimentary Mass whereby the Chyle like Liquor clarified by the White of Eggs becomes more pure from the Sediment of Choler and the indigested Parts of the Meat and so only consists of a thin slimy nutritious Juyce with Volatile Spirituous Oyly Parts which can only pass the Canals of the Lacteals V. The Fifth Use of Choler is to help Sanguification and the Production of an Animal Salt of which I will discourse in the Chapter of Saltness I mixed the Bitter Decoction sine senâ with volatile and fixed Salts and these abated its Bitterness which may intimate the Use of them in some Choleric Cases Cream of Tartar and Spirit of Sulphur more evidently destroyed the Bitterness of it Common Salt and Spirit of Salt seemed rather to increase than destroy the Bitterness of the Decoction Mercurius dulcis made it Muddy but little altered it the same effect probably those Medicines will have on Bitter Choler CHAP. X. Of the Hot Scurvy or Oyly Vitriolic Rancid State of the Blood THAT Dyscrasie of the Blood wherein the Oyly and Acid Particles are too highly exalted is commonly called the Scurvy which is divided into the hot or cold Scurvies according to the various Constitutions of Blood it falls into for where the Oyl is more abundant in the Blood than the Acid it produces the hot Scurvy the Signs of which are the high Colour of the Vrin red Spots in the Skin from the coagulated or putrid Blood fixing there in its Circulation the Gums are Bloody they are subject to Fevers Dysenteries Choleric Diarrhaea's Night-Sweats and Consumptions these Symptoms are produced by the rancid or scorbutic Bloods but in the nervous Liquor the following Symptoms the Running Gout or Rheumatism in the Nerves Convulsions Palsies Apoplexies hot Cholics and Asthma and Crackling of the Bones Since the Scurvy is cured by Acid Fruits and crude Plants in Seamen who have long lived on a Salt Diet I may hence as well as from the mentioned Symptoms observe that the Scurvy depends on too high a Fermentation of the Blood The Causes which produce the Oyly Acid Temper of the Blood are those evident Causes which excite an Ebullition or Effervescence in it as in all hot Diet of Wines strong Drinks and Salt Meats Sea Air and Fish which some putrefie 2. The Passion of the Mind and Studies and a Sedentary Life or Suppression of Evacuations 3. The Scurvy is Hereditary or Contagious or succeeds other Diseases as Fevers Rheumatisms Melancholy Agues especially the Quartan I. The Cure consists in Evacuating the hot salt bitter acrid and vitriolic or viscid Humours by the Vomits and Purgers mentioned in the Cure of too high a Fermentation and frequent Bleeding II. By Evacuating the Salt Serum by gentle Sweats as will be hereafter mentioned or a Diet-Drink of Sarsa and China of each half a Pound Harts-Horn and Ivory Shavings of each one Ounce boil all in eight Gallons to six and add Juyces of Water-Cresses Brooklime of each two Pints of Gill and Liver-wort of each one Pint six Nutmegs sliced put all into six Gallons of Ale drink three Draughts in a Day of it III. The Salt Serum may be evacuated by Vrin By Terebinthinates as tops of Pine in all our Ale IV. The Oyl Acid Foetor of the Blood and its high Fermentation is to be corrected By 1. Acids as Wood-Sorrel Juyces of Oranges and Limons mixt with the cooler Antiscorbutic Juyces Conserve of Hips Wood-Sorrel 2. The Mucilaginous crude Juyces of some Legumens are used as Juyce of Fitches ℥ ij in White-Wine or Juyce of Fumitory or Green Peas or Green Corn distilled 3. Other cooling Mucilaginous Plants or Animal Parts are used to cool the Blood and dilute it as Juyce of Borrage Bugloss Barley Water Emulsions drinking Milk and Water Antiscorbutic Milk Waters Mineral Waters or Fountain Water or Water and Wine Lettuce Water with Sal Prunell and Syrup of Limons 4. The Acerbs supply their quantity of cruder Acids wanting in the Humours as Juyces of Apples Grapes the Sorrels House-Leek the Juyce of spotted Arsesmart or House-Leek in bilious Diarrhaea's Coral prepared with Juyce of Limon Purslain Water with Sal Prunell These Styptics Acerbs stop the hot Fermentation of Humours as Plantane boiled in Broths and Ribwort Plantane 5. Austere Styptics do the same as Bark of Tamarisk Ash the Cortex 6. Sweet Styptics of the Fern Class as Polypody Ceterach Maiden Hair do the same V. The Coagulations by the Scorbutic Acidity may be dissolved 1. By the watery Antiscorbutic Acrids as Juyces of Brooklime and its Conserve and Scurvy-Grass and Water-Cresses may be put into Milk with the Juyce of Orange and White-Wine and that to turn into Posset-Drink Spirit of Scurvy-Grass and Sal Armoniac may be given in Milk or the Juyce of Scurvy-Grass may be so used ℞ Conserv Beccabungae Rad. Cich Lujuloe an ℥ ij Ras Eboni Pulv. ʒiij Sal Prunell Diatrion Santal an ʒij
new Chyle mixed with it becomes a viscid Jelly which stopping its Circulation in the Glands Membranes and Muscles it produces all the Inflammations with Pain and Heat so Milk when sowre often coagulates by being boiled and Milk injected into a Vein is presently coagulated 5. The Vitriol Acid of the Spleen coagulating the Lympha Lactea produces the Scrophulous Tumours or the Cancerous by coagulating the Serum it produces the Arthritis Vaga Scorbutica and this is properly the Caseous Viscidity which is in all Animal Humours and may be precipitated from them by mixing an Acid to precipitate it and coagulate it 6. A Putredinous Ferment coagulates all Humours as Milk with Rennet is turned the Plague Infection coagulates the Blood and the Exanthemata are it s coagulated and mortified Parts the Serous Lympha by the venomous Ferment of the Itch and Pox is turned into putrid Matter and the Bite of a Viper coagulates the Blood and precipitates its Viscid Parts from the rest of the Mass The Cure of the Viscidity requires I. A thin watery cool Diet and Abstinence from fermented Liquors as Whey Milk and Water Wine and Water II. The hot Contents and Ferment of the Stomach and Acrid Choler must be evacuated by the Vomits and Purgers described in the Cure of too high a Fermentation But it must be observed That Purges in all Inflammations are improper in the beginning but very profitable after large Phlebotomies when the Viscid has had time to putrefie and digest it will easily pass the Intestinal Glands which it cannot do at first and for the same reason Diuretics nor Sudorifics do no Service till the latter end that is after fourteen days when the Viscid is putrefied and this is agreeable to Experience in Rheumatisms III. Frequent Bleeding carries off much of the Viscid Serum and Vomiting that of the Viscid Slime in the Stomach as well as the Choler IV. The Acrid Ferment and sharp Choler and the great Fervour of Humours must be corrected by the Tastes mentioned in the Cure of too high a Fermentation V. The preternatural Scorbutic Fermentations must be cured as the hot Scurvy or prevented VI. All Putredinous Ferments are to be avoided as well as sudden taking cold or drinking cool Liquors VII The Viscidity of Humours must be diluted by watery Liquors as Asses Milk Whey Mineral Waters and Milk Waters which may supply the thin Serum which is evaporated VIII The Viscidity must be attenuated and incided and gently putrefied by which it is made more fluid so that it may pass off by Stool or Vrin or Sweats so the viscid Spittle in the Pipes of the Lungs is at first glutinous and sticks too fast to be Coughed up but after some Days it becomes purulent and more fluid In Rheumatisms the Siziness putrefies after some time and passes off thick Contents in the Vrin or glutinous Sweats The Salso-Acids will help its passing off as Sal Prunell Vitriolate Tartar Sal Armoniac We know no Medicines which will help the Putrefying of the Viscid but those which ripen Imposthumes or help the ripening of the Phlegm in the Lungs as the sweet Slimy Roots and Fruits may be useful as Pectoral Decoctions and Ptysans and keeping the Body in a moderate Heat and moist thin Diet. The watery Antiscorbutics dilute the Viscidity and incide it or else are good Diuretics but I learnt by the following Experiment that no Pungency can incide or attenuate the sizy Blood I cut the Skin off the top of such Blood after it was cool in the Dish and put it into Spirit of Sal Armoniac which could not at all dissolve it neither do I think it possible to reduce the White of an Egg boiled to its former Fluidity It is therefore by Putrefaction alone that Nature dissolves and attenuates all our Viscid Humours and that makes Eggs fluid IX The Coagulation of the Chyle or lacteal Lympha's or the Serum must be prevented 1. By Evacuating all Acids by Vomits and Aloetic Purgers to which Salt of Wormwood Steel or Mercurial Powder or the Testaceous are added 2. The Acidity is cured by Steel or Mercurial Medicines or Salts Ashes of Animals and Vegetables the Calces of Minerals by petrefied Stones or the testaceous Powders X. The Circulation of Viscid Humours may be promoted by Chalybeate Vitriols by Volatile Oyly Salts or by the Aromatic Acrids or bitter Plants So Agitation alters the Viscid Sliminess of the White of an Egg. XI The attenuated or putrefied Viscid must be expelled by Sweats 1. By the Acrid Woods or Volatile Salts 2. By Cathartics of Mercurials which precipitate the Viscidities by their Stypticity and mix with all Animal Acids most freely as appears by Killing it with Spittle and passes the Lymphatics and Glands most easily of any Medicine Or by Cathartics which are gummous and by that cohere with the Viscid Slime of Animals and purge them off as Gum Pills with Purging Rosins XII The putrid Viscid may be precipitated out of the Blood by Styptics as the Cortex or Acerbs so Sloes pounded in a Mortar are put into ropy Wines to precipitate their Mucilage and they shake them together and after eight Days it is clear Vitriol Martis much helps the Depuration of the Blood after Rheumatisms CHAP. XII Of the Saltness of the Blood and other Humours 1. AN Animal Saltness may be tasted in the Stomach of the Carnivorous Animals but that depends on the Taste of their Flesh-Meat digested which contains the salt serous and nutritious Juyces of another Animal or else it is the natural Taste of the Lympha which is the Ferment of their Meat and is produced in the Blood and brought thence into the Stomach but this Saltness depends upon the Nature of our Diet and is externally taken into the Humours and not produced by them but we may inquire whence those Animals have a Saltness of Blood who seed on Vegetables which taste not Salt in the Stomach 2. A Salt is made in the Guts of Birds and other granivorous Creatures by the Mixture of Acrid Bile and the Acidity of the Cremor expressed in the Gizern from the Seeds on which they feed and which have not acquired any Salt Taste in the Stomach by Digestion That an Acid makes part of a Salt Taste is sufficiently evident by the Dissolution of Crabs Eyes in Vinegar which produce a Saltish Taste Common Sal Armoniac tastes more Salt than either volatile or fixed Alkalies both which probably have some Acid in their Composition as well as that for Green Plants yield more Salt than the dry and because we observe no Acid in the Distillation of volatile Animal Salt nor much fixed in the Caput Mortuum it is probable that the Acid in the Humours is spent in the Composition of the volatile Salt and gives a Salt Taste for an Acid put to a volatile or fixed Salt makes them taste more Salt Ê’i of Salt of Harts-Horn will imbibe Ê’ij of Spirit of Salt before
of the Stomach being vitriolic causes Vomiting Heart-burning or a great Appetite Hypochondriac Ructus and Pains of the Stomach The Nervous Lympha is vitriolic in Melancholies which causes a Fear and Sadness without a manifest Cause an implacable Anger Watchings or Dreams of black things or Devils Their Motion is slow and grave their Aspect inconstant sad and frightful The serous and nutritious Lympha is salso-acid in the Hypochondriac by which it is made unfit for Nourishment for nothing nourishes but a sweet Humour The Acidity curdles the Serum and that stops in the conglobate Glands and breeds the Scrophulae and schirrous Tumours of the Liver and Spleen The Vrin is pale and plentiful in Melancholy Constitutions and frequently full of a Sediment which sticks to the sides of the Pot. The pale Vrin gives an Acid Dysuria to be tempered by Harts-Horn Spirit or Steel The Blood the Choler the Serum and the Juyces of the Stomach look black by the Atra Bilis The Skin appears dry hard cool and rough The Colour of the Face is brown or black or lead coloured from the Atra Bilis mixed with the succus Nutritius The habit of the Body is thin and lean and the Hair is black hard and curled The black Humour is vomited and purges downwards the Haemorrhoids swell and break there is much Spitting but the Belly is bound the Vrin is black livid thick but sometimes thin and white a Cremor swims on the Vrin with much farinaceous Sediment The Pulse is slow and hard Melancholy Distempers preceed as Quartans Swelling of the Spleen Leprosie Varices of the Legs Haemorrhoids great Voracity and little Thirst but Acid Ructus Their Parents were Melancholy The Age betwixt Forty and Sixty and a vitriolic natural Temper of Blood and Spirits and the Autumn dispose to Melancholy The external evident Causes of the Atra Bilis are 1. A high fermenting Diet as old Cheese Flesh-Meats which are strong and blackish as Venison Hare Swines Beef which abound with a black Blood Birds feeding in Fens as Geese Ducks Woodcock Snipes Swans c. by Drinking Fen Vitriolic Waters have both black Blood and Flesh Fish in Ponds and Sea-Fish which are called the Cetacei salted or dryed in the Smoak have a salso-acid Taste and breed Melancholy The Drinking of such boggy vitriolic Waters dispose to melancholical Humours Strong Wines or Drinks fryed Meats and those dryed in the Smoke Acrids and Aromatics in our Diet over-ferment the Blood as Fasting does and all produce an Atra Bilis The salt Sea Air fills the Blood with the Sulphur fumes from it and the Fens with vitriolic sulphureous Exhalations for vitriolic blue Concretions swim on such Waters 2. The Melancholic Evacuations stopt by the Suppression of the Haemorrhoids or the hepatic Flux which is from the Arteries of the Mesentery or the Varices vanishing or the stoppage of Sweat in a sedentary Life 3. By too much Evacuation of the Spirits by Watchings Cares Studies Solicitude Anger Exercise the Motions of Humours are quickned and the Digestions heightened and the Oyly Parts of the Humours evaporated and the Vitriolic remain and prevail over all The inward Causes of the vitriolic Acidity 1. A black vitriolic Humour in hot and dry Constitutions which makes the Blood black and the Colour of the Face so too and this is increased by being in a hot Region or hot time of the Year by hot Diet or violent Passions c. 2. The Evaporation of the oyly Spirits so Vinegar is prepared when by the Heat of the Sun or Fire the Spirits are evaporated There is in the Spirit of Wine some Acidity by which Brandy curdles Milk and that there is such an Acidity in Animal Spirits is probable for the Animal Spirits like that of Wine are very inflammable or a thin lucid Flame and it appears that some Acid makes Oyls more inflammable for Oyl of Turpentine and fresh Aqua Fortis upon their Mixture turn into a Flame All the Spirits of fermented Liquors are acid oleous and are very pungent on the Tongue by their Acid but if the Oyl be separated they taste only sowre or sharp from their Tartar After the same manner the Spirits of Animals are compounded of a foetid Oyl and vitriolic Acid and the spirituous Parts of all fermented Liquors have the same Composition and these being the most volatile Parts must needs compose the Spirits of Animals which are produced also by the Fermentation in the Stomach and after are prepared by a long Digestion or Circulation in the Blood therefore if the Oyly Part be evaporated by violent Passions or Diseases the Spirits remain vitriolic or like Aqua Fortis in the Melancholy and Hysteric Persons and this Acidity of the Spirits infects the Blood 3. There is another way of Preparing Vinegars besides the Evaporation of the Spirits mentioned which is by addition of a new Ferment to Wines and by both these ways the Blood becomes vitriolic I have mentioned the Evaporation of its Oyly Spirits and now will describe the Ferments which sowre it The Viscera filled with putrid Humours as in the Phthisis old Jaundices wherein the Lungs and Liver are ulcerated send a putrid Ferment into the Blood and these ferment the Blood into an acetous Temper So the Natural Humours long detained as the seminal Matter which is of a fermentative Nature or by the Haemorrhoids or Menses retained the Blood suffers an Ebullition and it is not unusual that any Aminal Humour corrupted should become a Ferment as appears in the Saliva of a Mad Dog and in all contagious Diseases as the Itch Pox and malignant Fevers wherein the corrupt Humours ferment those which they infect into the same preternatural State Burning Fevers are commonly the occasion of the Atra Bilis for they make the Blood black and thick and Pestilential Fevers have the same black Humours both in the Skin and sometimes evacuate it by Stools or Vomiting or Vrin Galen affirms That all who evacuate black Humours in the Plague die but those who do not have the black mortified Blood in the Skin where it spots it and he imputes this Blackness to the over-heating or Adustion of the Blood and he imputes all melancholy Cases to the same extraordinary Adustion of the Blood 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 This Atra Bilis happens in Haemorrhagies where the Fibers of the Blood are putrefied and black in the bottom of the Chirurgeon's Dish The Ancient Physicians esteemed the Spleen to be the place where the Atra Bilis is bred which in old and hot Animals appears very black but in young ones or those of a cooler Constitution more reddish for the vitriolic Acid is more strongly digested and becomes more sharp and blacks more in the old and hot Animals than in the contrary They thought the Spleen attracted such a Humour as the Lees of Wine or the Amurca of Oyl and this is the vitriolic Acidity mentioned 4. The Obstruction of the Spleen when
Liquors force it as distilled Waters with Diuretics Whey Milk and Water Asses Milk Mead Posset-Drink with Chamomile Flowers Pellitory and Mallows Chalybeate Waters and Water distilled from Birch Juyce and Daucus Seeds 6. Vomits Sneezing Leaping Standing on the Head and Cupping-Glasses Riding Stroaking the Loins and Belly or Cupping-Glasses help to remove the Stone and Bleeding in the Arm or Foot and Purging to which Laudanum must be added 7. Narcotics allay the Pain 8. The Glysters may be made deterging as of Turpentine Vrin and Purgers or Carminatives and Diuretics with Soap and Oyls The Preservation from the Concretions of Stones requires 1. Vomiting and Cholagogues Purging Waters or Purging Antiscorbutic Diet Drinks or Purging once a Month. 2. The salso-acid or vitriolic Blood is corrected by Chalybeate or Bath Waters Asses Milk drank distilled Milk Oat Mault Whey with Antiscorbutics Water drinking a Toast and Water and Nutmeg every Morning fasting or Antiscorbutic cooling Juyces Emulsions Strawberry Water 3. The vitriolic Acid requires temperate Chalybeates Testaceous Salts volatile and fixed Tinct Antimonii Tartari 4. The Use of Vulneraries which deterge as Veronica Strawberry Roots Virga Aurea Hypericon Millefoyl ground Ivy Pine Tops Ceterach boiled in Beer or Water to which Honey and white-White-Wine must be added and Lucatellus's Balsam taken at Night or Turpentine Pills with Bole cum Mastich or Rhubarb A Plate of Lead must be worn on the Back The Stone in the Bladder must be cured 1. By Diuretics if the Stone be small and can pass as by the Acrids or Caustics as Water distilled from Caicus or the Powder of Millepedesʒi 2. By Lixiviums 3. By Cutting if the Stone cannot pass the chalybeate Waters do Injury in such a case and the palliative Cure requires the Evacuating the calculous Matter which increases it the allaying the Pain and Strangury by gum and mucilaginous Medicines as Comfrey Roots Milk and Water Emulsions and Asses Milk and Narcotics and Vulneraries Fourthly Of the Hypochondriac Flatulencies arising from too high a Fermentation of Humours Windiness is an extraordinary Complaint in all Hypochondriacal Cases which arises either Symptomatically from the Obstruction Schirrus or Inflammations and Imposthumations of some of the Viscera or else it depends on some viscid sowre Phlegm lodged in the Stomach or some putrid Humour which ferments the new Mass of Meat into continual Eructions which taste either hot burning broyling fat foetid or very sharp sowre according as the Ferment of the Stomach is tinctured either with too much bitter Choler salt Serum or the vitriolic Spleen Juyce which is also viscid and thrown upon the Stomach The Cure of this Flatuosity requires the Evacuation of the flatulent Mass and the vitiated Ferment and afterwards the Humour that tinctures it must be carried off by those Glands which are made for its Secretion We must lastly use those cooling Alteratives which are prescribed in the over-fermentation of Humours This is the Flatulency properly of the Chyle over-fermented but the second Species of hot Flatulencies is from too great a Rarefaction or Expansion of the Spirits in the Mass of Blood and such a Fret of the Spirits we observe in all vinous Liquors when they are kept too hot for then those Liquors are very windy and taste hot and froth much Such is the Temper of the natural Spirits of the Blood when it is apt to febrile Effervescences upon very slight occasions in Hysterical Hypochondriacal or Scorbutic Persons who are sensible of sudden Alterations of Heat and Chilness and I have observed in a Scorbutic person a sudden Tumour rising in the Flesh which would immediately subside again This flatulent Effervescence of Spirits must be cured as an Ephemera removing the Occasion and tempering the Humours by Acids Acerbs Mucilages and Opiates as will hereafter be described and the Disposition to this Flatulency will be removed by a long use of the Cortex and those cooling Alteratives which depress too high a Fermentation There is a third kind of hot Flatulency which happens in the Nerves who receive their flatulent Spirits from the Blood In the Nerves the Spirits being rarefied or expanded produce the Asthma of which I shall particularly treat or the Tympany Cramps and running Pains Poysons tumifie the Body by rarefying the Spirits and some who die of Convulsions are prodigiously swell'd those who die of the Iliac-Passion have their Bellies much swelled This Nervine Flatulency requires the same Method for Curing the Inflammation of the Spirits as in an Ephemera and also the same Method for preventing any new fit of Windiness in the Nerves as is mentioned above for the Natural and Animal Spirits differ not in Nature for what is in the Blood now after a small time is carried through the Nerves and so returns into the Blood again The Ferment producing hot Flatulencies was esteemed by the Ancient Writers to be Humores adustos atrabilarios acidos instar fermenti sese habentes as Sennertus describes it and of this Opinion was Diocles Carystius for which he quotes Galen's Third Book de Locis affectis The crude Flatulencies are produced by a weak Heat as they called it that is a low crude Ferment which does not thoroughly ferment the Meat and that is either serous or a viscid Slime in the Stomach or tartareous Acidities but in all hot Flatulencies the Ferment producing the Flatulencies is either bilious saline vitriolic or putrid Some Flatulencies are imputed to the Contrarieties of Humours as that which is produced by fixt Salt or Alcali and acid Spirits such may be observed in the Guts betwixt acid Meats and acrid Choler which produce the nitrous Flatulency These following Flatulencies are not produced by a weak Heat or Fermentation but by adust Humours that is an over-fermentation as the Flatus in a hot Cholic are from Inflammation of the Guts The Tympany depends on a hot Flatulency rather than on a cold or low Fermentation The Hypochondriac Affection is accompanied with so much Flatulency that it is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and depends on too high a Fermentation and the Blood is too thick and hot and the Spirits inflamed These are Flatulencies depending on the hot Ferments mentioned and these produce it from any kind of Meat taken but there is a different Flatulency arising from the hot Spirits lodged in some kind of Meats as in Poysons Garlic and many oyly Fruits and fryed Meats and all other Diet which turns nidorus on the Stomach Any Animal Humour kept to putrefie as the Serum of the Blood long bottled becomes flatulent Putrefaction in all Tumours ripened swells them by which it appears that all Windiness is an effect of some preternatural Ferment either too strong or weak or mixt with other Humours by which it preternaturally ferments them for when the stomachic Ferment does its Office well no Ructus are produced and from hence it appears that the windy Fumes or Vapours are nothing but the natural Spirits of our Humours ill fermented
their Glands or the Tartar abounding in Chyle They have their Saltness from the Saltness of Chyle and that of the Serum in Catarrhs In respect of the Consistence the Pituita is watery and thin or mucous or slimy or tenaceous when the thin parts are evaporated the vitreous Pituita is from the thickness of Chyle or its Stagnation in the Lungs and this is clear like Gum-tragacanth dissolved Cold may coagulate a pellucid Lympha into such a Consistence The Tartareous or Gypsea Pituita is from the earthy petrefying Parts mixt with the viscid Phlegm which is Salso-acid By the following signs the Ancients guessed at the differences of the Pituita 1. By the pale clear Vrin and want of Appetite they discerned the insipid Phlegm or the lowest state of Digestion 2. By a pale thin milky Water and the greatness of the Appetite they knew the Acidity of the Phlegm 3. By a lacteal pale thin Water with a globous troubled Residence and the Cholic they guessed at the vitreous Phlegm but this is frequently spit up and evacuated by Stool or Vrin and so best observed 4. By the Citrine Vrin of a thicker Consistence and high-coloured Sediment the Saltness of Phlegm is known The Mucilaginous State of Humours is to be Cured First By avoiding the Diet and all the other evident Causes above-mentioned which produce them and using the Diet mentioned in the Cure of a weak Digestion or Fermentation The Diet in which there is least Slime is best as Wheat-Bread well baked and dry Wine and Water the Flesh of Birds roasted Meats as Mutton Rabbit Larks Sparrows and all salt Meats or broiled Meats Fasting spends the Phlegm Secondly The abundant mucilaginous Phlegm must be evacuated I. By Vomiting and those of 1. A. bitter acrid Taste as Vinum Scylliticum 2. Or vitriolic Taste as Sal Vitrioli 3. Or Sulphureous as infusio croci Metallorum 4. Mercurial Styptic as Merc. Vitae II. By Purgers 1. Aloetics which are acrid bitter and nauseous as Tinct Sacra Pil. Hierae cum Agarico Aloephanginae Stomach Mastichin de Ammoniac Pil. Foetid cum Gummi Aloe Rosata Elix Proprietat 2. By acrid Purgers as Jalap Agaric Scammony which contain an acrid corrosive Rosin with a Sliminess 3. By Mercurials a plentiful Evacuation of phlegmatic Humours are procured for the acid Phlegm like Spittle easily mixes with the Mercury and Mercury injected into the conglomerate Glands through the Artery easily passes them III. By Sudorifics which are bitter and acrid as Decoctions of the Woods for the Sweets often appear glutinous and smell acid or sowre IV. By Diuretics the Phlegm is sometimes evacuated or at least corrected by their Acrimony V. In Women Acrid Pessi evacuate an albuminous Pituita from the Vagina VI. By the Errhines which also excite a Cough from the Nose and Lungs a Pituita is evacuated VII Salivation and Masticatories evacuate considerably but Salivation many Pints of Phlegm in a Day and very much by Chewing of Tobacco These are the natural Evacuations of the pituitous Lympha which the Physicians procure by Art and imitate the natural Evacuations of it through the secretory Glands Thirdly The Fermentation of the Chyle is to be reduced to its natural degree by the Tastes above-mentioned in the Cure of a weak Digestion and 1. More particularly all acrid and bitter Gums seem appropriate Specifics by their mucilaginous Consistence by which they adhere to the Slyme but by their Bitterness they deterge it and by their Acrimony dissolve it such is Ammoniacum Bdellium Galbanum assa foetida Myrrha and all terebinthinate Gums and Balsams 2. The ropy Consistence of Wines is cured by a Lixivium made of Vine Branches by calx viva or Chalk or Flints burnt which precipitate the crude Tartar with the Slyme and for the Phlegm we use the Ashes of Vegetables and the Calces of Minerals 3. Ropy Wines require Styptic Precipitators as Alumen ustum or Salso-Acids as Bay-Salt and the bitter Styptics may effect the same in the Blood as Ash-Bark and the Cortex Peruvianus We add Salt to our Dough to attenuate its Mucilage and Sal Armoniae and Tart. Vitriol dissolve the Phlegm 4. We use bitter Acids as Elixir Proprietatis or spirituous Acids to deterge the Phlegm of the Stomach and the precipitating of it and for this reason we sulphurate the Vessels of ropy Wines 5. All the bitter nauseous Medicines deterge the Pituita as Gentian Aristolochia c and the bitter slimy as Carduus c. help the clearing of Beer 6. The ropy Phlegm is dissolved by volatile and fixed Salts which dissolve all our mucilaginous Gums and for this end Sylvius prescribes Sal Volatile Oleosum with our Diet or immediately after it which may be used then with Milk Water and Sack Stum is added to ropy Wines and Spirit of Wine that we may excite a new Fermentation in them and by the same Experiment we are taught to use all things of a fermenting nature both in our Diet and Medicines for nothing dissolves the Viscidity of a mucilaginous Liquor like giving it a Fermentation so the white of an Egg is dissolved into a Colliquamentom by the Incubation of a Hen which is also made very liquid or sluid by becoming rotten and putrefied by keeping and then if Eggs be boyled they will never grow thick like new Eggs boiled The White of an Egg is made thin and more fluid by beating of it and from hence we learn that much Exercise attenuates Humours that are slimy and Fermentation does the same which is an internal Agitation of Parts whereby the Viscidity of Vegetables is dissolved in any Liquor as in making of Mâ—…-Liquors and Wines All 〈◊〉 Liquors before they have undergone â—…tion are ropy and sticking but 〈…〉 their Consistence becomes more fluid By Experience we find that all hot fermentative Medicines as oyly resinous Vegetables Steel and Salts cure the pituitous Cacochymia in the Green-Sickness and to such Persons we give Stum it self as a great Ferment to their cold Humours Quicksilver Medicines easily mix with Phlegm and so are fit to evacuate it but by its Acidness it seems to depress the Fermentation of Humours and so is not a fit Medicine as an alterer in this Cacochymia Fomentations of Wines and aromatic Astringents or Brandy which flames and Aromatics infused hot oyly and resinous Plasters or Cataplasms excite and cherish the inward Heat and Digestion and outward Heat helps the Digestion and Putrefaction of all other Bodies whether Vegetables or Animals The greatest quantity of the slimy Pituita is lodged in the Stomach and without a Vomii it is almost impossible to remove the great quantity of phlegmatic Humours I found a great quantity of Phlegm in the Stomach of a Pig fed with Peas which could not proceed immediately from the Meat it self because though that was dissolved it differed in Colour and Consistence from the Phlegm and in Taste also besides in the glandulous ring above the Gizards of Birds
the Fermentation to its natural State by the Medicines above-mentioned the chief of which are the acrids aromatics resinous bitters chalybeates and salt Tastes so we add Stum to crude sowre Wines to raise the Fermentation Alteratives do more good than Purgers in this state of Humours IV. The Tartar may be precipitated and carried off by Vrin 1. By Lixivium of Lime or Oyster-shells and both sixt and volatile Salts 2. By the calces of Minerals or ashes of Animals and Egg-shells burnt 3. By testaceous Medicines or stony Minerals as Chalk Crabs-Eyes Corals Pearls Egg-shells c. V. Sudorific decoctions evacuate the sowre Humours by Sweat as Salts Mineral Sulphurs and bitter Acrids VI. Clysters draw off the Acid reliques restagnating in the Colon. VII The Acrimony of Choler is to be increased and its Passage through the Liver promoted by bitter acrid Hepatics by Steel and Salts and aromatic or foetid Gums or Oyls The defect of the Choler is supplyed by those Medicines which precipitate the Tartar as all burnt Animal Ashes especially Eggs and Oyster-shells so from sowre Wines we precipitate the Tartar by burnt Marble or Flints or Lime Chalk or Lixivium so Vinegar is sweetned by Crabs-Eyes and when the Tartar is precipitated the oyly Part is raised and that conceals and tempers the Acidity of Tartar VIII The Circulation of stagnating Humours must be promoted by Steel and Salts and aromatic acrid Tastes IX The Diet ought to be of sweet not sowre small Ale of Bread well fermented and Flesh-Meat but if the Acidity be much no fermented Liquor in which there is Tartar nor no Vegetables nor Liquids will agree with the Stomach but these Physical Tastes may be given to our Diet. 1. Aromatic as Pepper Ginger 2. Acrid as Mustard Garlic 3. Bitter as Aloes Wormwood and hopp'd Drink and Mum. 4. Saltness as all high Brines for Salt it self abates the sowre in Vinegar and Oysters cure Heart-burning 5. Roast and broiled and baked Meats and those that are burnt are most agreeable Chearfulness moderate Exercise constantly keeping the Body open and a dry Air and Marl-Pit Water are very agreeable to sowre Stomachs and Springs flowing from Chalk-Stones bath-Bath-Waters and strong Chalybeate Waters in small quantities may agree well and Wine and Water in many Constitutions for ordinary Drinks I have observed That those who have too much Acid in their Stomachs by a natural Instinct refuse all meally Meats and eat little Bread as we observe those who abound with much Choler to have a great Abhorrence to all bitter Medicines and the observing the Diet of our Patients will frequently give some Intimation of the particular State of their Humours for I believe it is generally true that all Persons naturally desire that Food which is contrary to the present preternatural State of Humours as watery Liquors and Acids in Fevers Ashes and Terrene Absorbers in the Sowreness of their Stomachs bitter Drink in Jaundice a weak Stomach is pleased with stronger Liquors and hot Constitutions with the smaller Drink This agreableness of some Tastes every Person naturally observes and if they use them moderately they may preserve the natural State of their Humours and correct the Disorders of them There is a remarkable Observation in Sir Theodore Mayhern about the Use of Diuretic Liquors which ought to be used after a perfect distribution of the Nourishment to which he attributes much in the Cure of the Scrophulae by a Diuretic Drink qui Tartarum liquidum ante sui coagulationem ad renes ablegare per vesicam expurgare citra coneoctionis praecipitationem potuit From this Observation I think a useful Rule ought to be drawn to use our Diuretic Diet-Drink Towards 5 or 6 a Clock at Night so many Hours after Meat and again in the Morning to carry off the Tartar-Acid of our Chyle and to take some testaceous Lozenges or Pills with our Diuretic Drinks which may coagulate with the Acids at that time CHAP. VII Of the flatulent crude Cacochymia of the Chyle and other Humours WHEN the Aliments are half fermented and then are checked in attaining their perfect Dissolution or their Ferment is too weak to perform it a Windiness is produced in the Stomach for the Spirits of the Meat being somewhat loosened are lodged in a slimy Mass but cannot render it fluid but only rarefie it into Bubbles which distending by the heat of the Stomach burst and create Eructation or Wind. The most weak Stomach produces an insipid Wind but the Acid Ructus is a sign of some degree of Digestion In these Cases there is an Oppression or Fulness at the Stomach and Weight Ructus frequently happen and all hot Meats and Medicines agree well but the cold ones do much Injury The Stomach it self is loaded with slimy acid Phlegm which is its weak Ferment and the Guls distended by Wind. The Constitution of Humours is crude mucilaginous and windy as appears by the Paleness of the Vrin and Frothiness and the Spleen is generally obstructed and pained and the Stools like Barm the serous Lympha being vitiated by the same crude windy Chyle it produces a Heaviness in the Limbs of the whole Body and a Fulness or wandring dull Pains c. The chief Effects of the Wind appear in the primae viae where the Chyle ferments or in the Spirits which are made of the crude windy Spirits included in the Slime and for want of a due Volatilization they produce in the Nerves 1. A Pandiculation or Oscitation or Stupor or Cramp in the Muscles the Noise in the Ears and Vertigo in the Brain and wandring Pains 2. Inflations of the Parts as Tympanitis and windy Tumours in the Limbs 3. An Inflation of the Lungs as the Asthma of the Stomach in Sleep as the Incubus of the Vterus after Hysterical Fits of the Penis in a Priapism Many other Species of Windiness are produced from too high a Fermentation when the Ructus are bitter acrid or foetid or the acrid Choler ferments like contrary Salts with the sharp Acid of the digested Meat in the Jejunum and there produces Flatuosities or when some extraneous Ferment extraordinarily rarefies and putrefies our Humours but these belong to that State of Humours which depends on too high a Digestion The external Causes of Flatulency are I. Crude Meats which are hardly fermented and digested as the hard the acerb watery oyly viscous Styptic and too great a quantity of Meats for these by the strongest Ferment will rarely attain a due Fermentation in the Stomach 1. The watery as Broths and Milk-Meats are windy to Stomachs troubled with acid Ferments and all small Liquors hinder their Digestion and for these Stomachs the more solid Diet of Flesh-Meat is best and small Ale and nothing of Vegetables but well fermented Breads 2. The viscous Vegetables which contain a pungent Salt mixed with much Mucilage as Onyons Leeks Garlic Radish Turnip Cabbage these have a Mucilage hard to be digested and an Acrimony which
Rheu and Amber 9. Animal Foetids as Castor and the Dungs of Animals as that of Pigeons and Hens or Infusion of Horse-Dung and the same fryed in Oyl applied outwardly 10. Vegetable Acrids or Corrosives Garlic and Onyons and Aaron Roots 11. Terebinthinate Foetids Rad. Asari Nardi Savin boiled in Wine and applied as a Cataplasm and the Wine drank 12. Narcotics ℞ Aqua Fl. Cham. ℥ iv Menth. Mirabilis an ℥ iss Spir. Nitri dulcisʒss Laud. gr ij Ol. Anis Gutt 2. Syr. Foeniculi ℥ i. Misce The external Applications are Fomentations of Aromatics boiled in Wine Calamus Zedoary Galanga Cyperus Mace Cinnamon Of Bitters Wormwood Chamomil Bay-Berries Mint Empl. de Baccis Lauri de Cymino Balsams Ol. Nutmegs expressed ℥ ss Balsam Peruʒij Oyls Chymical Ol. Salviae Caryophill Dill Rheu Amber Bags of Millet Cummin Aniseed fryed with Salt and Oats Bread or Flannels dipt in Brandy in which the Aromatics are infused Clysters of Sack and carminative Oyls or ℥ ij of Aqua Vitae added Or Purgers added as Benodict Laxativ ℥ i. Infus Croci Metall ℥ iij. to a Carminative Decoction of Calamint Penny-Royal Origanum Fl. Chamomil and the Seeds with El. è Baccis Lauri ℥ iss Oyl of Aniseeds ℈ ss in the Yolk of an Egg. A Cake may be fryed of Yolks of Eggs and Cummin Seeds and Oyl of Chamomil Aniseeds and Chamomil Flowers infused in Aqua Vitae for a Fomentation Cupping-Glasses applyed to the Belly Plaster Tachamahac Caranna and Plaster of Bay-Berries mixt in equal Parts A Pound of Ginger may be boiled in a Vessel of small Ale for ordinary Drink In the Cure of Flatuosities we must insist chiefly on Digestives which promote the Fermentation of Humours the discussing the present Flatuosities and evacuating the slimy Matter cannot hinder the Production of new Flatulencies but the Curing the low Fermentation perfectly cures all Flatulencies but those which depend on the Obstruction and Tumour of the Viscera cannot be cured without a respect to these Distempers that occasion the Flatuosity Such are the Flatuosities in the Tympany And the Distempers of the Nerves as Hysteric Fits and Asthma which produce symptomatical Inflations of the Guts which cause Windiness and that is cured by removing the original Distemper The Windiness appears much in all new fermented Liquors and the further they are fermented or ripened the less windy they are The bottling Liquors stops their Fermentation and therefore such Liquors are to be avoided in the windy Cacochymia of our Chyle If the Matter in which the windy Spirits are included be not well evacuated the Carminatives occasion a greater Flatuosity by rarefying the Wind. Ginger and hot Sherry I have observed very good in Windiness of the Stomach and Cholics thence produced Boiling any Liquor that is windy evaporates the Spirits and the same windy Spirits may be discussed out of Animal Humours by Exercise or Bathing The drinking boiled or warmed Drink with Steel may be convenient in the Windiness of the Stomach The drinking the bath-Bath-Waters washes off the sowre Tartar from the Stomach and Blood and bathing in those sulphureous Waters very much exalts the Fermentation of the Chyle and higher digests the Blood and upon these accounts both inwardly and outwardly it agrees with most cases depending on a depressed Fermentation of Humours but disagrees with the contrary which arise from too high a Fermentation of our Humours especially in their beginning whilst a high Fermentation lasts and for this reason Bathing dis-agrees with hot Bloods the Hypochondriac Hysteric Asthmatic Nephritic Convulsive CHAP. VIII Of the Serous Cacochymia of Animal Humours WHEN the Chyle is no way changed into the Serum of the Blood but swims mixed with it that is the lowest state of Crudity in the Blood for the Chyle ought to be changed into the Serum by the Saltness and Oyliness of the Blood which absorbing the Acid of the Chyle it loses its Milkiness The Serum and Chyle differ most by their Colour and Consistence for Acid Spirit of Nitre makes the Serum Milky and Spirit of Sal Armoniac makes it clear Serum again We often observe the Chyle on the Cake of Blood in milky Spots or mixed much with the Serum in Cachectic Persons and this is cured by Chalyboates and volatile Salts which turn it to Serum The next degree of Crudity in the Sanguification of our Chyle is when the Serum is not digested into a gelatinous Lympha fit for the Nourishment of the Solid Parts for the viscid part of the Serum which evidently contains the caseous parts of the Chyle as appears by its Inspissation by the Fire or Coagulation by Alum or other Acids is naturally changed by a long Circulation and Separation of its superfluous Humidity by Sweat or Vrin into the Lympha salsa serosa which being exposed to the cold Air when it is taken out of the lymphatics it presently turns to a Jelly There may be a further degree of Crudity reckoned when the gelatinous salsa Lympha made out of the Serum does not become fibrous for want of a due Viscidity or Gumminess for then we believe Humours have attained their perfect Digestion when there appears a fibrous Hypostasis in the Vrin which depends upon the viscid part of the Serum turned into the fibrous Cake of the Blood The rosy or red oyly Particles of the Chyle ought to become more red and florid by a long Digestion by their Mixture with the Volatile Salt and red Oyl of the Blood but in Cachectic Persons we observe the Cake of Blood to be of a pale Pink Colour and less florid like Milk and Blood mixed The Acid part of the Chyle ought to be digested into the vitriolic Acid of the Blood but by reason of the Crudity of the Blood it keeps its tartareous Nature and hinders the Rarefaction of the Blood and abates the Volatility both of the Volatile Salt and Oyl in the Blood The abundant Aquosity of the Serum ought to have been evacuated by Sweat and Vrin but the Chyle being not fully digested the watery part cannot easily be separated from the viscid contents neither can it acquire its Salt Tastes which fits it for a Secretion by its proper Glands hence it will inevitably follow that the Veins and Lymphatics are greatly filled and distended by the abundance of the Serum which produces divers Distempers in several parts I. If it stagnates in the habit of the Body and is mixed with crude Chyle which cannot circulate through the Lymphatics it produces an Anasarca II. If it stagnates in any particular Part it produces external Tumours containing Water III. If it be evacuated into divers Cavities it produces divers sorts of Dropsies as 1. Hydrops Ascites when the Serum breaks the Lymphatics and fills the Cavities of the Belly either by Fulness of the Serum or by the Distention of the Vessels which are compressed by the Tumours of the Viscera 2. The Serum may be evacuated into the Cavity of
By Purging Vnguents Vng Aprippae Arthanitae Oyntments of Elder Bark and Dwarf Elder By Oyntment of Birch-Bark and Leaves 4. By Caustic Plants or Animals boiled in Oyl as Oyl of Scorpions Oyl of Flammula 5. Cataplasms of Roots of Wild Cucumbers Indication requires the higher Fermentation of the Mucilaginous Chyle by the Tastes mentioned in the Cure of a low Fermentation but these more specifically respect the Serosities and cause its Sanguification First All sorts of Bitters I. The nauseous Bitters or Lychnis Bitters as Centaury Buck-Bean Saponaria II. The Mather Bitters as Rubia Celandine III. The Wormwood Bitters IV. The smoaky Bitters as Carduus V. The Turpentine Bitters as Enula Eupatorium VI. Lamium Bitters as Chamaedrys Marrubium Scorodaria VII The Pea Bitters as Broom VIII The Laurel Bitters as Ash and Birch Bark and Seeds IX Bitter Gums as Aloes Myrrh Ammoniacum 1. These Bitters supply the want of the bitter Acrid of Choler necessary for Digestion and Sanguification of the Chyle 2. All acrid and caustic Plants make the Blood more florid and so we find them to help Sanguification 3. All Salt Tastes volatile and fixed make the Blood more florid they supply the want of an Animal Salt which by absorbing Acids turns the Chyle into Blood and promotes the Mixture and Sanguification of both 4. Testaceous Medicines the Calces of Minerals and Ashes of Animals by absorbing the Acidities of Chyle help the Mixture of it and the Blood 5. Oyly acrid and resinous or oyly Plants exagitate the red Part of the Blood and supply its defect as all Aromatics and aromatic Wines and volatile oyly Salts 6. Mineral Sulphurs raise the oyly red Part of the Blood as Chalybeats Antimonials Cinnabarines I tryed the salt clear limpid Water taken out of the Belly of an Hydropical Person by Tapping and could neither inspissate it by Fire nor coagulate it by Vitriol or Alum This was the crude lymphatic Liquor too serous and crude the Spleen was Schirrous after a Quartain This Lympha sometimes appeared milky Though all the Serum be evacuated by Purgers Diuretics or Blisters on the Legs yet it will regenerate if the Digestion of Humours be not raised and the Schirrosities cured which caused its Evacuation into the Cavities and the breach of the Lymphatics stopt which seems impossible An Hydropical Gentlewoman was Tapped once a Week for fourteen Weeks and lived in a tolerable State for some time longer by the help of five Grains of Laudanum every Night No Diuretic caused Water but Wine and Water helped that most and allayed the hectical Symptoms Every time after Tapping more Water was made by Vrin but the Belly filled with the Serum in a Weeks time and a Gallon or two was taken out every Week but at length the Belly did not fill much but sank and a Plaster laid on helped its Tumour and a Consumption at last most afflicted the Person who was before so Hydropical I have observed that Fomentation after Tapping abates the hardness of the Belly and Viscera CHAP. IX Of the Fermentation of the Humours into degrees above their Natural State WHEN the Fermentation in the Stomach is carried too high the Contents of the Stomach become bitter or rancid very acid acrid or salt and so are all the Humours thence produced By a strong Fermentation all the Parts of the Chyle acquire an Acrimony The oyly Part becomes rancid and bitter and stinks the acid Tartar being volatilized becomes corrosive or acid-acrid the earthy Part neither adhering to the acid nor oyly Part is left in the primae viae to go off by Stool and the Mucilage of the Meat being attenuated by a high Digestion or Putrefaction the Chyle becomes more thin and fluid and nidorous Ructus frequently rise from the Stomach Not only the Chyle but the Blood also is vitiated by too high a state of the Principles of the Chyle and from the Volatility of the Oyl and the Pungency of the Acid the Blood is made more florid and the Vitriolic Acid more sharp or corrosive like the Spirit of Acid Juyces high fermented A rosy Chyle will make a florid Blood and an acrid bitter salt acid Chyle will give the same quality to the Blood and a putrid thin Chyle will make a putrid Blood All the Diseases depending on this State of Humours are the hot Constitutions of Humours and are contrary to the former described which are the several Species of cold Constitutions Fat to the Mucilage of Humours a putrefied thin Consistence is contrary and to the Acerbity a vitriolic Acidity and Saltness and to the Serosity an Inspissation or Viscidity and to a crude Flatulency a rancid Flatuosity and nervine wandering Pains When the oyly acid earthy or viscid Principles of Chyle acquire too high a State by Fermentation they produce these several Species of hot Cacochymia's 1. A Bitterness of the Chyle and Humours in Choleric Constitutions 2. The Chyle and Blood in the hot Scurvy have a rancid oyly State 3. A Viscidity of the Serum or Inspissation of the new Chyle mixed with it as in Inflammations and Rheumatisms 4. A Saltness of Blood 5. A Vitriolic Acidity or Corrosiveness of Blood 6. A Putrefaction of Blood which causes its want of Fibers or Thinness or Fluidity 7. A Nidorous Ructus from the Stomach and a hot nervine Flatuosity with convulsive Pains or hypochondriac or hysteric Symptoms and a feverish Temper of Blood The evident Causes of too high a Digestion are 1. A Hot Diet which digests and ferments too quick so acrid aromatic vinous Salt and very sweet Meats produce an acrid aromatic salt vinous Chyle and Honey and Sugar and sweet Wines are apt to ferment too much All Flesh-Meats high salted peppered or pickled fryed broyled or baked Meats breed a Chyle too rancid or hot Fish as Salmon or Crabs Lobsters are apt to Surfeit and putrefie in the Stomach All Meats a little putrid before they be eaten exalt the Fermentation too much All Gravies Anchovies Oysters and the Indian Sawces are too great Stimulaters of a Fermentation in the Stomach and all those Meats which contain an Animal Ferment in them as old Cheese II. By immoderate Labour by the Heat of the Season or the Countries nearer to the Sun by Cares Watchings Anger Joy Pain the Blood is heated and its Circulation quickened and Sanguification is much promoted III. The same Causes produce a bitter acrid Bile which promote Digestion much and Sanguification also Fasting sharpens the Choler and those who are apt to Vomit Yellow Choler and those who digest too fast have Choleric Fluxes In Young Men and hot Seasons Choler much abounds IV. The Retention of salt foetid Serum for want of Evacuation by Sweat or Vrin produces Feverish Dispositions which cause a high Fermentation in the Blood The internal Causes of too high a Fermentation are 1. A spirituous foetid sub-Acid or salt Ferment in the Stomach and this ferments too much all our Aliments 2. A natural
Binding of the Body Whatsoever ferments the Blood too much breeds Choler and that the Animal Saltness The internal Causes of Saltness are 1. The Natural Saline Temper of the Blood which supplies a Ferment for the Chyle of the same Nature to turn it into the like Saltness 2. Too quick a Circulation of the Blood excites too great an Ebullition and makes the Choler more acrid and the Salt more sharp and in greater quantity 3. The acrid Choler and sharp Acid of the Spleen or Tartar Acid which is corrosive produce the sharpest Salt 4. A preternatural Putrefaction in Fevers or long Effervescences make the Blood very salt So a Cancer Fistula the Itch or Lues Venerea or Consumptive Lungs Kidnies or other Viscera give a Ferment to the Blood and putrefie it into a Saltness The Cure of the Muriatic and Armoniac Saltness requires I. To abstain from fermented Drinks and to use watery Liquors as Milk and Water and the Decoction of the cooler Woods Wine and Water or Water boiled with Coriander Seeds and Sugar To abstain from Salt Meats and those dried in Smoak or Pickles To abstain from Ferments as old Cheese Fish To use slimy Meats as new Cheese Fruits Farinaceous Meats and Milk Meats Snails Tortoises Jellies Cray Fishes Tripes and the Feet of Animals and Young Pigs Goat Lamb Veal In short The Diet must be crude watery acerb mucilaginous farinaceous subacid The Air dry and not foggy Sea Air. II. The Salt Humours must be evacuated by the Sennate Rhabarbarate and sweet Manna Purgers with Acids added or the Purging Waters which are nitrous or aluminous or vitriolic these wash and cool by their Waterishness and precipitate the Salt by their Stypticity Hydragogues which evacuate the Serum abate the Saltness III. The Salivation by Mercury evacuates plentifully the Salt Serum and Aethyops Mineralis and Merc. dulcis correct the Saltness by joyning with the salso-Acid of the Blood and all Mercurials depress the over-Fermentation of the Blood as much as Chalybeates exalt the low Fermentation IV. The Salt Serum is sweat off by salso-acid or urinous Medicines and for the same end we use Baths and much Exercise the Decoctions of the Acrid Woods and Frictions and Fontanels V. Diuretics plentifully evacuate the Salt Serum as all Acid Diuretics and the testaceous and bitter cichoraceous Plants VI. The Saltness of the Blood and the Ferment of the Stomach the acrid Bile or splenetic sharp Acid or that of the Stomach must be corrected and the frequent Ebullition Circulation or Putrefaction removed 1. All Acids correct volatile Salts and Oyls which are foetid and all Lixiviums are made more mild by Acids 2. The mucilaginous Temper the Acrimony of Salts as Gum Tragacanth Powders Decoction of Snails Althaea Roots and Emulsions 3. The Saltness may be diluted by a watery Diet or Medicines as thin Broths Whey Chalybeate Waters Milk Diet and distilled Milks Watergruel 4. Opiates and Styptics stop the Motion of the Blood 5. Bleeding evacuates the Old Blood which is most salt and the New Blood which comes in its room is more fresh and less salt so Broths of Flesh Meat are salter by long boiling 6. All Extraneous Ferments ought to be removed from the Blood and by the Cortex or other Antifebriles the Fermentation must be stopped That the Vrin contains an Acidity naturally in it appears by the Correcting of Coloquintida by it whose Bitterness is made near insipid by it The Purging Quality in the Coloquintida is enervated by the Vrin as well as its Bitterness Hence it appears how great a Correcter of Choler the Vrin may be and how much it may preserve the Humours from Putrefaction as it preserves Vlcers by its salso-Acid Taste A Lixivium of Oyster-shells changes the Bitterness of the Species of the Bitter Decoction boiled in it into a Sweetness and this therefore may be used to correct Choleric Heart-burning in the Stomach and this may correct the Bitterness as well as Acidity of Humours But from this Experiment let our Prescribers consider whether they do not abate the Vertue of the Cortex by extracting it with a fixt Salt since the Taste of it is altered thereby I remember a Tincture of Wormwood made with Brandy and Salt of Wormwood did not taste very bitter by being made with a fixt Salt but that made with Spirit of Wine and a little Oyl of Sulphur was very bitter and in the Vomitings of our Patients we find both very bitter and very sowre which did not correct each other but a fixt Salt in this case may correct both sowre and bitter CHAP. XIII Of the Vitriolic Acidity of the Blood IN the most Healthful Blood we discern many Tastes besides a Sweetness and Saltness a vitriolic or chalybeate Taste is evident therefore we cannot doubt of the vitriolic Acidity of the Blood nor that it is produced from the tartareous Acidity of the Chyle which by Digestion is exalted and volatilized into a sulphureous Spirit The Acid sulphureous fumes from the Earth produce the Tartar in Plants as it is mixt with Earthy Parts but by the Animal Digestions and Fermentations and Precipitation by Salts the Acid may recover its Mineral Nature and appear to be a vitriolic Acid in the Blood or else it may acquire that Savour by its Mixture with the oyly acid foetid Particles of the Blood which somewhat resemble Sulphur This vitriolic Acidity was the Natural Alimentary Melancholy of the Blood which the Ancient Physicians observed in it They called it a Black Humour which gave the Blackness to the Blood for it is certain that Acids turn the Blood black They believed there was an Astriction in this Humour to bind the Belly and it is plain by the vitriolic Taste that it is capable of Binding the Body for Spirit of Vitriol and Vitriolum Martis bind the Body by their Stypticity though tartar Acids purge and have not that effect unless they be acerb They believed it to be cooling and drying because of the cooling quality of Vinegar and by being a great Diuretic both Vinegar and the vitriolic Acid dry up or evacuate the Succus Nutritius All Melancholy Persons are great Spitters and make too much Vrin and the Ancients called those Constitutions dry who had little of the Succus Nutritius in them to make the Habit of the Body plump as it is in Lean Persons and the Fat more moist Constitutions They esteemed this Natural Melancholic Acidity to be the limous or slimy faeculent Part of the Blood like to the Lees of Wine and so compared it to the Element of Earth for in all Tartar there is a great deal of Earth which makes it to subside in the Wine and this black Melancholic Acidity colours the bottom of the Blood most when it is cool in a Dish This Chalybeate Taste is in all Blood and is Natural to it part of it constitutes the splenetic Humour when it is mixed with a Sliminess and it is separated by its
schirrous or inflamed obliges the vitriolic Humour to pass through the Arteries into the Stomach and there it corrupts its Ferment and changes all the Mass of Meat towards an Acidity like too much sowre Leaven in our Bread so that Hysterical Persons vomit a great deal of acid Humours and so do the Hypochondriacal and both eat too much and have their Bodies too much bound Or else the vitriolic Acidity passes through the hepatic Artery into the Bile Vessels and there by fermenting with it it produces those Fluxes of Choler which happen in the Cholera or Cholics or Diarrhaea's and the various Colours of them The Cure of the Muriatic Acidity of the Chyle and the Vitriolic and Armoniacal of the Blood require 1. The Evacuation of Acidities from the Stomach by Vomits in hysteric and hypochondriac Cases and the frequent gentle Evacuation by Stools and keeping the Body open by Lenitives of Sena 2. All the evident Causes mentioned must be avoided especially a tartareous or muriatic Diet. Moderate warm things agree well with them but no very hot ones nor no strong Purgers The Diet must moisten or be thin and nourishing as well as a little warm All Passions Studies must be avoided 3. The muriatic and vitriolic Acidities are naturally evacuated by Vrin and Sweat and therefore we use Diuretics and Sudorifics 4. The Secretion of the vitriolic Humour through the Spleen must be promoted by Steel Medicines which resemble its vitriol Taste and the abundant Acidity in the Chyle and Blood precipitated as in the Cure of the Tartar Acerbity 5. All extraneous Ferments are to be avoided and Humours suppressed evacuated 6. This vitriolic Acidity at last fixes the Blood and makes it congeal and then the Digestives mentioned in the Cure of a low Fermentation are necessary which by exagitating the Oyly Parts of the Chyle and Blood give them a Predominancy over the Acidity 7. The high Fermentation of Humours must be checked by the Diet and Medicines prescribed in the Cure of too high a Fermentation of Humours When the vitriolic Acidity chiefly troubles and infects the Blood it may be esteemed the cold Scurvy but when the Nerves are also affected by the vitriolic Acidity it produces the Hypochondriac Affections and the Spleen is obstructed also It coagulates in the Kidnies with some terrene Matter like Lime-Stone and there produces all the Calculous Concretions The Corrosiveness of Humours depends much on too high a state of the vitriolic Acidity and the splenetic Flatuosities on a violent Agitation or Expansion of Spirits First Of the vitriolic oleous Scurvy In this Scurvy the vitriolic Acidity prevails over the oyly Spirits and for that reason it produces many of the Symptoms attending a low Fermentation of Blood for the Blood becomes ropy mucilaginous and sharply Acid by too high a Fermentation of a depauperated chylous Blood naturally more Acid than Oyly the Vrin is pale and a salt Cremor swims on it there are no Spots in the Skin but the Spirits are weak unfit for Motion whence the Lassitude proceeds or Fainting Palpitation of the Heart and dull Pains and Windiness and the Asthma a Streightness of the Breast a wandering Fever with sudden Changes of Heat and Cold these are the ordinary Symptoms attending the cold Scurvy which in respect of the hot oyly vitriolic State of Blood in the hot Scurvy mentioned above it may be called the cold Scurvy because the Blood is more poor and less spirituous but this is also produced by an over-fermentation of such kind of Blood and the cold Symptoms depend on the Greatness of the vitriolic Acidity which coagulates the Blood and fixes all the volatile Salts and Oyls and that is the reason it must be cured as in the tartareous Acidity I. The Acid must be evacuated by Aloetic Purgers Pil. ex Ammoniac Ruffi Sumach or by Sennates or those of black Hellebore II. The Fervour of Humours may be diluted by the watery Liquors as Whey stilled Milks Asses Milk Steel Waters Wine and Water See the Cure of too high a Fermentation III. All Acid Liquors must be avoided as Wines Cyder Beer that is stale and all the evident Causes producing Acidities IV. The Scorbutic Acidity must be evacuated by Vrin and the Digestion of Humours raised 1. By Acrid Plants as Scurvy-Grass Horse-Radish Water-Cresses Rocket Lady-Smock Mustard-Seed 2. By volatile and fixed Salts 3. By Turpentine Plants as Pine Tops and Juniper-Berries in Drink Gilead Balsam 4. By bitters Acrid of the Wormwood Class as Wormwood Wine 5. By the acrid Aromatics as Angelica Roots Galanga Zedoary Contrayerva Cardamoms Orange Peels Winter-bark 6. By the Laurel bitter Acrids as the Bark and Seeds of Ash Decoction of Guajacum and the Use of the Cortex 7. By the foetid lamium Bitters as Chamaedrys Marrubium Wood-Sage ground Ivy and ground Pine 8. By the leguminous Bitters as Broom 9. By nauseous Bitters as Gentian Centaury Buck-Bean 10. By the corrosive Acrids as Aaron lesser Celandine Arsesmart Piperitis 11. Chalybeates which are of least heat as Vitriol Martis made into Pills with Gum Tragacanth or else dissolved in distilled Milks Secondly Of the Hypochondriac Affection This seems to differ from the cold Scurvy by being a higher degree of it When the vitriolic Acidity has so far coagulated the Blood as to produce many Obstructions in the Viscera especially in the Spleen whence the abundant vitriolic Humour is thrown upon the Stomach where it produces Corrugations and Pains and Inflations a great Appetite and continual Windiness and Vomiting after the Meat the Face is red and the Hands burn the Countenance is black and the Habit of the Body lean When the Vitriolic Humour affects the Brain it produces Vertigo's various Fancies Head-Aches Convulsions Palsies Alterations of the Pulse Oppressions Trembling and Palpitation of the Heart Constriction of the Breast a Sense of Formication and Stupor in the extream Parts The Vrin is various commonly turbid and thick or blackish with sandy red Sediment The Belly is bound and the Stools frequently black A thin Vrin preceeds some Fits I am not singular in my Opinion that the Acid of melancholic Blood is Vitriolic but can quote a remarkable part of Sennertus where he says Atram Bilem ipsamque melancholiam vitriolatae naturae participem aut certe ei cognatam esse ferrugenei quid sapere nemo facile negaverit This Affection happens about the Thirtieth Year of our Ages and then the Blood seems to be at its highest Digestion but by Accidents acquiring a great Ebullition it loses its Spirits Those Constitutions in whom much soure Ructus and phlegmatic Vomits are observed bear the hotter Medicines and those who have choleric Vomits burning in the Hypochondria and Thirst and Fury in the Spirits require the coolest Medicines Sweet things ferment and are offensive to the Hypochondriac and Hysteric which was anciently observed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Cure requires I The avoiding of a Tartareous Diet and that which is Muriatic
and Vinous to avoid Passions Studies too much Solicitude and Labour and to help all Evacuations stopt especially that of the Haemorrhoids II. The Saburra pituitous tartareous or bilious must be evacuated often by Vomits and the Body kept open by Aloetics and Sennate Medicines or Wines and Clysters or Purging Waters and a Pill of Ammoniacum once a Week III. Frequent Bleeding small quantities checks the preternatural Fermentation and keeps the Humours from Stagnation and Obstructions especially the opening the Haemorrhoids procuring the Menses and giving way to the varicous Swellings in the Legs without binding them Bleeding at the Nose does good IV. In the cold Melancholy we use hot Digestives as 1. Acrids 2. Causticks 3. Bitters Elixir Antiscorbuticum Tinct Sacra 4. The Salts volatile as Sal volatile oleosum Sal Absynthii Cochleariae and testaceous Medicines 5. The Aromatics all which are mentioned in the cold Scurvy 6. The Chalybeates which are most Sulphureous as Chalybs cum Sulph praep and the Filings V. In the hotter Constitutions all strong Drinks and hot Medicines are offensive and these require 1. Watery Liquors and Medicines according to the Observation Melancholici non diutius curantur quam humectantur and for this end they use Whey and Syrup of Violets in all black Humours and cool Clysters to evacuate it We use distilled Milks Mineral Waters c. Wine and Water to cool and moisten 2. Cichoraceous Bitters as Decoct of Dandelion Conserve of Cichory Flowers and Roots Decoct of Scorzonera 3. The mucilaginous Bugloss Borrage Leaves and Flowers Syr. Borraginis de Pomis citri 4. Sub-acid as Juyce of Limons Citrons Syr. de Pomis which Syrups are good in Whey and Spirit of Alum to fix furious Spirits but Vinegar is injurious to the Melancholic 5. The Fern Styptics as Polypody Spleenwort Ceterach these stop the Fermentation of Humours Boil them in Whey or small Ale with Antiscorbutics VI. The vitious Acidity of the Spirits must be corrected by 1. Aromatic Cephalics as Penny-Royal Thyme Sage Bettony Lavender the Spirit of Lavender 2. By Cardiac Odoriferous Medicines of Ambergrease Lozenges made of Species of Diamber or Laetificans Galeni with Oyl of Cinnamon Cubebs candied with Sugar are good for the Vertiginous Some Tincture of Aromatics with Ambergrease 3. Testaceous Medicines and Powders of Antimony Steel Cinnabar Mercury Lapis Lazuli with Purgers 4. Narcotics Diascordium and Confect Alchermes with Laudanum Fomentations to the Hypochondria with proper Oyntments for Schirrus of the Viscera Baths of warm Water are much commended an Issue betwixt the first and second Vertebra of the Neck or Shoulders The best Diet for Hypochondriac Affection is fresh Flesh-Meats and small Ale with Pine-tops Dock-Roots and other Antiscorbutics VII Anti-splenetics which open the Obstructions of the Spleen for the Secretion of the vitriolic and viscid Humours from the Blood are absolutely necessary for the Hypochondriac Winds are to be cured by vomiting up the corrupt sowre Ferments by diverting the splenetic Humour from the Stomach and keeping the Body open by Aloetics Tinct Sacra Pil. Ammoniacum We use hot Medicines in Hypochondriac Cases because of the Obstructions by viscid Humours and the evaporated Spirits must be supplyed by spirituous Medicines and in all long chronical Diseases a decay happens in our Digestions for want of Spirits and a crude Saburra of Humours is produced though the original Distemper proceeded from a hot Cause that is an over-Fermentation of Blood Thirdly Of the Concretion of Stones or Sand in the Humours of an Animal The Vrin contains three parts 1. The viscid Particles of the Succus Nutritius which make its Contents 2. The salso-acid and oyly Particles which give the salso-acid or bitterish Taste to the Sweat and Vrin 3. The thin serous watery Part which carries all the other Parts and dilutes them When the oyly Part of the Vrin which I suppose to be the Choler is too high digested it looks red and flame coloured or deep yellow The red Part of the Blood seems in some hot Bloods to colour the Sediment red When the vitriolic Acid abounds it joyns its self with such Earthy Particles as are observed in all Liquors for Lime-Stone Particles may be observed in all Waters but most plentifully in the Purging ones and that with these stoney Particles coagulates into Sand or Stones The same vitriolic Acid coagulates the Lympha's into tophaceous or cretaceous Stones in the Joynts and Limbs and Lungs Not only the milky Lympha's but the serous are subject to this Coagulation as appears by the Stones in their several Glands If the Salts of the Blood were only coagulated by this vitriolic Acidity they would not appear in any firm tenaceous Consistence in the Stone but all Stones would be friable like Tartar therefore this Acid coagulates some viscid Parts with the saline If there were no Earthy Parts then the Stones would appear gummy or tenaceous only and not solid Stones are generally bred like Tartar which consists of the Acid Part of the Wine joyned to the Earthy and mixed with the slimy Foeces into a hard Stony Substance so from the Tartar of Vegetables coagulate with stony Particles the Stones and hard Cases of their Fruits and Seeds are produced The evident Causes of the Stone are 1. A hot acrid and aromatic Diet and a muriatic Diet which over-ferment the Blood and supply a salso-acid Matter for the Stone or a viscid as all Diet of that kind 2. Strong Diuretics force the salso-Acid to the Kidnies too much if used too oft or mixed with our Diet. 3. Too much Venery Baths Passion Flannel or hot Cloaths on the Back or soft Beds lying on the Back Exercise after Meat much Riding all these weaken the Kidnies by Heating them or forceing the calculous salso-Acid thither The inward Causes are 1. A rancid viscous Chyle from hard Drinking strong Liquors 2. A Saltness of Blood and a bilious Temper 3. A vitriolic Acidity of the Spleen 4. Narrow Pores or Canals in the Kidnies 5. Such a Conformation of Pores or Temper of Humours may be derived from the Parents and Children have Stones bred in them before they are Born for the same reason and because they retain their Vrin so long in their Vrinary Vessels whilst Embryo's The Stone is often bred from the Nurses Milk The Cure of the Stone consists I. In evacuating and correcting the rancid Chyle the Saltness and Viscidity of Blood and the vitriolic Acidity as is above-directed and evacuating the calculous Serum by Diuretics II. In making the Passages slippery 1. By Vomiting with Posset-Drink in which Althea Roots are boiled in the beginning of Fits 2. By a mucilaginous Glyster and Bolus of Cassia 3. By Emollients Baths or Fomentations as Crocus Mallows and Pellitory fryed with Butter and applyed By Emollient Plasters and Oyntments Empl. Melilot 4. Oyly Medicines as Oyl of Sweet Almonds and Sperma Ceti an Oyly Glyster Oyly Emulsions Butter and Sugar or Milk half churned 5. Watery
distinguish it into its several Species This depraved Succus Nutritius by Natures Method ought to be fully separated from the Blood but Physicians do not commonly trust that tedious way but by the Cortex they precipitate what is easily separable of Nutriment by the Vrin and re-assimulate the rest of the Nutritious Serum to the Blood as will manifestly appear by observing the several Changes of the Vrin and its Sediment and we observe that Bitters like Choler are the best Sanguifiers and also the best Febrifuges and the Cortex has a most eminent Bitterness not unlike the Bitterness of bitter Almonds by which it re-assimulates part of the Nutritious Juyces to the Mass of Blood I will mention the several Cacochymia's which are only the several States of the Nutritious Humours antecedent to the febrile Effervescence by which the several Species of the intermitting Fever are distinguished but I must first observe that the intermitting Fever differs little from the Ague but by having more of the Succus Nutritius putrefied and precipitated from the Mass of Blood and that so much of it is not sweat off by every Paroxysm in the intermitting Fever as is in the Ague Fit which makes the Fever less in the Intervals of the Fit but the intermitting Fever often changes into the Ague and is cured by the same Method First If the Fever happens in the bilious Cacochymia of Blood and in Young Persons in the Summer time a Causus is produced with extream Heat and Thirst and in this the Heat and Thirst is much abated by Acids and the Fever is to be treated by such Methods as respect both the bilious Cacochymia and continued or intermitting Fever whether the Tertian Ague has the same Cacochymia and intermits every other Day The Cure of this Cacochymia indicates I. Vomiting in the beginning and Purging on the Days of Intermission with Decoct Amarum or Glysters to evacuate the abounding Choler II. The Choler is to be precipitated from the Blood by Vrin and Sweats and the Liver opened 1. By Acids as Crem Tart. ʒi in Chamomile Flower Posset-Drink given before the Fit or Juyce of Limons with Water and Wine or Spirit of Sulp. 20 drops in Fountain-Water or Purslain-Water with Sp. Sulph ℈ ss and Syrup of Limons 2. Salso-Acids are Diuretics and Sudorifics as Tart. Vitriol Sal Armoniac Arcanum duplicatum of any gr xv Oc. Canc. ℈ ss Or the Salt Mixture of Riverius as Sal Absynth ʒss Sp. Sulph gut xii Syrup of Poppies ℥ ss Carduus-Water ℥ iij. Or Mixt Salts Sal Absynth Prunell Antim Diaph ana gr xv 3. Bitters have the same effect of Sweating or re-assimulating the Nutritious Juyces as Aq. Plantag ℥ iij. Theriacaeʒi before the Fit Gentian Centaury Feverfews Chamomile-Flowers Chamaedrys Vervein c. decocted and given with Myrrh or Mithridate before the Fit these open the Liver for the better Passage of the Choler they also depurate the Succus Nutritius and prevents its Putrefaction in Fevers Chelandine and Saffron are also useful in Tertians by opening the Liver and helping the Secretion of Choler as is also Dandelion III. The feverish Ebullition may be suppressed by Acerbs as Decoction of Ribwort Plantain or the Juyces of Plantain House-Leek Sorrel Purslain Polygonum or by Austeres as Avens Cinquefoil Roots of Plantain St. John's Wort Roots of Tormentil Vlmaria Leaves Juyce of Millefoil Barks of Ash Tamarisk but in general Use the Cortex has the greatest Commendation Alum is also much extolled but repeated Bleeding and all the Methods for Curing the Cacochymia I constantly use before the Cure of the Fever by the Cortex unless the Danger of Delay be great Outwardly we apply 1. Styptics Nut-Tree-Bark steeped in Vinegar and Mouse-Ear or Shepherds Purse Goose-Tansie steeped in the same with Salt applied to the Wrists 2. Opiates externally as well as internally Vng Populeon ℥ ij Opium gr iv Spiders Web s a. applied to the Wrists 3. Salso-Acids externally as well as internally Sal. Gemm Sal Armoniac and Niter Soot and Vinegar with Spiders Web Sea-Salt Currans and Hops applyed to the Wrists Secondly If an intermitting Fever happens in a mucilaginous Constitution of Blood such as is in Phlegmatic Persons Women or Children the putrid Fever takes the Type of a Quotidian the Paroxysms last many Hours and the Disease 40 Days or more and a Paroxysm happens every Day with great Cold and the Heat is not very great afterwards In this pituitous Dyscrasie of Blood we must vomit off the quantity of Pituita and purge upon Intermissions and the pituitous Cacochymia must be corrected by Bitters as 1. Bitter Decoction Wormwood-Wine Myrrh Juyce of Wormwood one Spoonful or Juyce of Chamomile in Wine before the Fit Mithridate or Treacle before the Fit or Carduus-Leaves powdered Elixir Proprietatis ℈ i. Aq. Lumbric ℥ ij before the Fit Radix Serpentariaeʒss externally The Stomach may be fomented with Gentian Wormwood Mint and Aromatics boiled in Wine 2. Fixed Salts and volatile evacuate the Cacochymia both by Sweat and Vrin Sal Absynth Sp. Sal. Arm. in Aq. Card. Theriac 3. Aromatics Sal volatil oleosum The external Applications are such as quicken the Pulse and thereby keep off the Cold as Camphire Soot Saffron Galbanum Turpentine with Olibanum and Bole Myrrh Saffron Aloes Onion Gun-Powder and Soap Nettles Rheu Featherfew Wormwood bruised together This Fever Sylvius calls his Salivaris or Pituitosa Thirdly If an intermitting Fever falls into a tartareous Blood or Lympha this Fever has Gripes and Pains of the Belly attending it a low Pulse little Thirst crude and watery Vrin but much Cold for the Curing of which Cacochymia Vomits and Clysters such as are used in the Cholic much conduce to discharge the tartareous Lympha and for the correcting of it 1. Volatile Salts 2. Distilled aromatic Oyls which correct the Chilliness attending this Fever Oyl of Cloves Mace or Sal volatile oleosum with Laudanum for the Pains Fourthly If the intermitting Fever falls into a flatulent crude Blood a Distension is perceived in the Belly or Inflation short Breathing in the Lungs and wandring nervous Pains in the Limbs with Giddiness and Noise in the Ears In the Cure of this Fever the Flatulencies must be removed as well as the Effervescence suppressed Fifthly If a Fever happens in a serous Cacochymia the conglobate Glands are affected and the Limbs with Lassitude or Pains the conglomerate Glands are also affected as appears by Dulness of the Head and Sleepiness by Coughs Hoarseness and this Sylvius calls The Catarrhal Fever and the Cure of this requires the Evacuations of the Serum by Purging Vrin Sweating as well as the Cure of the Effervescence Errhines Masticatories and Fumes are useful Sixthly If a Fever happens in a rancid oyly State of Blood it produces a scorbutic Fever with high-coloured Vrin and Spots in the Skin and in this Antiscorbutics are as necessary as the Febrifuges Seventhly If an intermitting Fever happens in a sizie viscid Blood it
Epidemical Disease every Year should also occasion some particular Symptoms in the intermitting stationary Fever not unlike the Nature of the Epidemical Disease as if that were complicated with the Fever so we may observe that Rheumatisms have been frequent of late and all our Fevers have Rheumatic Stitches very much It seems very probable since the Plague visits us once in about Forty Years which depends on a putrid State of Humours that all the other Cacochymia's which produce the several different kinds of Fevers have also some kind of Revolution in which they return also and when it is mucilaginous the Fever is like a Quotidian when tartareous it has Cholical Symptoms when serous it is a Catarrhal Fever when flatulent a vertiginous Fever with Windiness in the primae viae and Running Pains but if the Cacochymia be Choleric a Tertian is produced if rancid oyly a scorbutic Fever if viscid Rheumatic Pains if vitriolic Quartans are produced These several Cacochymia's and their Epidemical Disease and stationary Fever both depending on the same may be observed every Year and by keeping an exact Account we shall in time find what Cacochymiae and Fevers succeed each other and in what periods we may expect their returns though it is probable we shall never discover the general Causes which introduce the several Cacochymia's upon which all Epidemical Diseases depend APPENDIX II. An Introductory Discourse to the Treatise of the Asthma containing an Explication of the old Notion of the Defluxions of Humours whereby the Asthma and divers other Chronical Diseases are produced ALL the Diseases which depend on a sudden preternatural Motion or Flux of Humours are produced either by an intermitting Fever or an Ephemera That most Diseases may be Symptoms of Fevers does sufficiently appear to a diligent Observer of the Phaenomena of Fevers and they are described in the Books of our Modern Writers The particular Cacochymia in our Humours cannot produce the Symptoms of Fevers without being rarified impelled or transmitted by Defluxion on some particular Part and the Occasion of this Flux the Ancients imputed to the Intemperies of some Parts which was the terminus à quo as the Head or Liver but the true Cause of the Defluxion is an Effervescence in the Blood and the terminus à quo is the Blood it self The Vessels through which the Flux is carried are the Veins Arteries Lymphatics and Nerves and several excretory Glands The terminus ad quem is the Part affected with sudden Pains as in Rheumatisms or in sudden Inflammations as in Pleurisies Quinsies Peripneumonia c. or sudden Evacuations of the serous nutritious Humours in Vomitings Diarrhaea's Coughs Sweats Diabetes c. or else by Haemorrhagies as Haemoptoe Fluxus Mensium and most of the Nervous Distempers like those of other Glands depend on the Admission or Propulsion of cacochymical Serum into the Nerves as in Apoplexies Lethargies Carus Epilepsies Convulsions Vertigo Asthma Palsies Tympanies All Tumours which rise suddenly depend on the Defluxion of Humours on that part in which they stagnate as Buboes Erysipela's Herpes c. All the preceeding Diseases are frequently the Symptoms of an intermitting Fever occasioned by the Fevers agitating or impelling a particular Cacochymia upon some Part. If this Cacochymia which disposed the Blood to that particular Symptom be evacuated or altered by the Fever none of those Symptoms remain but when the Fever is too soon suppressed those Symptoms become periodic chronical Diseases or at least Anniversary as appears in the Asthma Hemicrania and other Pains Inflammations Convulsions or Evacuations which have periodic Fits or at least return upon the Changes of the Year or when any external Causes or hot Medicines occasion an Effervescence in the Blood Then the Symptoms of the former Fever appear and the Cure of the Defluxions depending on a suppressed intermitting Fever is as followeth 1. We must evacuate the particular Cacochymia by Vomits and Purges and afterwards it is to be corrected by its particular Specific Tastes which must either raise or depress the natural Fermentation of Humours 2. The Disposition to a Fermentation must be stopt by a Febrifuge as the Cortex for that precipitates by its Stypticity and re-assimilates by its Bitterness the depraved Nutritious Serum which is the immediate Ferment of intermitting Fevers A simple Ebullition of Blood such as happens in Ephemera's is sufficient to produce many Defluxions of Humours in which there appears no Putrefaction of the Succus Nutritius as in putrid intermitting Fevers which we discern to be putrid by a Precipitation of a high-coloured thick Sediment in the Vrin which is of a Brick Colour like Blood calcined as Mr. Boyle observed and we call the Fever unputrid when the Vrin is always pale as in Ephemera's without the former Sediment When only an Ebullition happens in a cacochymical Blood the Mass is only agitated or rarefied in which is contained the serous salt Lympha the Chyle and its Lympha and the whole Succus Nutritius of an Animal This chylous or serous Mixture being lately fermented in the Stomach is of all the Mass most readily fermented or rarefied and again this serous nutritious Mass is more readily circulated into the Cutaneous or remotest Parts of the Body than that sanguineous or red Mass of the Blood or at least more easily secreted through the Glands and Lymphatics This is the more immediate subject of an Ephemera or rather an immediate Ferment or occasion of it when it is an irritated Ebullition by inward Causes as the Fulness or Acrimony of the Cacochymia or depend on the abuse of the Six Non-Naturals This nutritious Serum is not colliquated by the Fever as Authors affirm liquatur funditur for that is only the effect of a pestilential Putrefaction and the Serum by a violent Effervescence in an intermitting Fever becomes more viscid and thick which disposes it to precipitate and putrefie whereas in an Ephemera the gentle Heat can only occasion an Effervescence as to rarefie the nutritious Serum and drive it through the several Strainers of the Glands which are appointed for the several Cacochymia's with which it is saturated The Signs of these Chronical Defluxions depending on an Ephemera are pale Water like the Healthful at first a gentle Heat a general Lassitude such as is observed in wet Weather Heaviness in the Head and an Inclination to Sleep and great quantity of Water This Effervescence depends on the general Changes of the Year The Alteration of the Weather then produces irregular Fermentations in our Bloods as it does Ebullitions in Wines and all other fermented Liquors and also the Changes of the Weather at other times when Rains succeed fair Weather or the East or North Wind blows after warm Weather which causes the same Ebullition both in Wines and Blood for by these the Pressure of the Air is altered the Transpiration of our Bodies is stopt and the different degrees of Heat and Cold expand or check the Rarefaction
referred to the Class of Ephemera's If the salt Serum be inclinable to stony or sandy Coagulations an Effervescence of the Blood tinged with that Humour produces the Gout and stone Fits This Effervescence preceeds the Gout some Days with a Lassitude in the Limbs and Heaviness of the Body and a preternatural Heat Watching Thirst Nauseousness and a Dryness on the Tongue This Effervescence or Fever lasts usually 30 or 40 Days which is the common Term of great Fluxes and acute Fevers This Fever has Exacerbations towards Night and remits in the Morning but the Ingenious Piso thinks it to be Febris imputris synocha legitima potius quam putris quae dolores arthriticos comitatur The Effervescence in the Blood of Gouty Persons forces the salt Serum upon the nervous Parts of the Joynts through their Glands whereby the acute Pains of the Gout are produced and the convulsive Cramps preceeding the Fit The Water is pale in the beginning and afterwards high-coloured with thick Sediment The Fit of the Gout is cured as usual Fluxes depending on an Ephemera by Bleeding once or twice by Glysters and Opiates and by a thin spare Diet for the three first Days or a perfect Abstinence but afterwards Water-Gruel Chicken-Broth Sack-Posset-Drink After a Week when the Fever and Pain decline which will appear by the Vrin Purging agrees well by some Lenitive as Decoct Senae An Anodyne Poultess at first must be laid to the Part and afterwards Discutients and Nervines are necessary For the Preventing the Fit frequent Vomitings once in a Month Purging with Rhubarb three Days before the Full and Change of the Moon and three Days after them A spare Diet and Abstinence from all strong Liquors with moderate Exercise are absolutely necessary All hot Arthritics are Injurious in the Fit as Theriaca Sp. C. cervini Guaicum And it is a general Errour of Practisers to prescribe hot Specifics during the Effervescence which occasions a Defluxion but they are more properly used in the Intervals of the Fit to correct the Cacochymia and we find too long use of them occasions a new Effervescence and Defluxion Bitters help the Digestion of the Arthritic and Drinking bath-Bath-Waters cures the Saltness of their Bloods or else Asses Milk alters the Saltness Seventhly If the Serum be both salt and viscid and by any Accident effervesces Haemorrhagies are produced at the Nose Lungs Arms Womb which are accompanied with a feverish Effervescence And we may observe that Bleeding the Cortex Opiates and cool antiscorbutic Juyces and Abstinence from fermenting Liquors by abating the Fever cure more successfully than any Styptics whatsoever If the Effervescence be in a viscid Blood only it produces Rheumatisms Pains of the Hips Shoulders Loyns Knees Head as in the Hemicrania but that of the Muscles generally is called a Rheumatism but if it fall inwardly it is a Pleurisie or Peripneumonia when it affects the middle Region if on the Kidnies it makes a Nephritis if on the Brain externally a Lethargy or more internally an Apoplexy on the Nerves a Paralysis on the Guts a Cholic on the Eyes Ophthalmia c. In all the fore-mentioned Cases there is an Effervescence preceeding the Pains and Inflammations as appears by the Chillness and Shivering which first seizes them in the beginning of those Diseases which soon are succeeded by burning Heats high-coloured Water and quick Pulse Eighthly A febrile Effervescence in a melancholic or vitriolic State of Blood is the Occasion of the following Diseases 1. Hot Pains and Windiness in the Stomach and Guts from a hot Windiness 2. Pains in the Spleen and Sides and Limbs from a windy Spirit 3. In the Nerves the windy Spirits produce Palpitations of the Heart want of Sleep Sinking of the Spirits and divers kind of Convulsions as Hysteric Fits Epilepsies and all the Inflations of the Nervous Parts in the Asthma Tympany Ephialtes Priapismus All which depend on a simple Ebullition of Humours The immediate Cause of the Asthma is the Constriction of the Trachaea or Bronchia which streightens the Passage of the Air and produces the Wheezing and the Vesiculae of the Lungs being also contracted a laborious Inspiration is necessary to force the Air into the Lungs There being no Tumour Inflammation or Pain in the respiratory Muscles they cannot occasion the Asthma but in pure convulsive Cases in which they often produce a Dyspnaea The Fit of the Asthma happens suddenly through the Effervescence of Blood occasioned by external Causes which separate the Lympha Lactea from the Blood and that stops in the swelled Glands of the Lungs and is at length evacuated into the Trachea In the spitting Asthma and in the Hysteric the Serum of the Blood seems to be forced into the Nerves by this Effervescence or into the Lymphatics of the Lungs where by Stagnation it may irritate the Fit Though the Water be pale and the Pulse low and the Extremities cold yet the Asthmatic Fever is evident for they have an inward Sense of Heat and great Restlessness of Spirits in the Fit Caelius Aurelianus observes in his Description of the Asthma the Ferver Igneus and a Color Morbidus though the Asthma is not always joyned with a Fever I have observed the Asthma frequently joyned with an Inflammation of the Lungs or intermitting Fever and at all other times with an Ephemera which appears by the general Lassitude Oppression of the Breast and Head want of Sleep Thirst and those Causes which excite an Ephemera produce the Asthma as extream Heat or Cold the Dog-Days Heat in which Wines are apt to ferment and whatsoever produces an inflammatory Disposition in the Blood produces the Asthma as high Diet strong Wines all hot Pectorals or Digestives or anti-Convulsive Medicines Steel or strong Purges hot Diaphoretics or Febrifuges which by exciting an Effervescence increase and produce the Asthma and cannot cure it But whatsoever cures the Ephemera cures also the Asthma Fit as Bleeding Clysters Opiates cool Pectorals with Ol. Sulphuris Sal Prunell Gas Sulphuris Milk-Waters thin Emulsions Ptysans For the Preventing a new Fit these Two Indications must be respected 1. To cure the mucilaginous serous and flatulent Cacochymia by Vomits Purgers and Digestives of specific Tastes contrary to the mentioned Cacochymia's as Alteratives or Diuretics or Sudorifics as Decoction of the Woods 2. To prevent the sudden Effervescence of the Blood by avoiding Fulness and Variety of Meats and all strong fermented Liquors which produce frequent Effervescences of our Humours and to remember Piso's Caution Parcissime Bibendum for after Drinking our Horses are most Asthmatic and for Avoiding the Watering of them we wet their Hay Those cool Febrifuges which cure the Effervescence in the Fit seem proper to prevent the Return but we must not always rely on the Cortex for that does not succeed so well in the Spitting as hysteric Asthma but in many Cases a Draught of fair Water with a Toast or a Draught of Pectoral Drink with Gas
Sulphuris three Days before the New and Full Moon and three Days after them may be given in the Morning to prevent the Fit Sarsa Drink and Lucatellus's Balsam best cleanse the Lungs in the spitting Asthma after the Fit If an Inflammation of the Lungs be joyned with the Asthma Fit Bleed three or four times give Emulsions Pectoral Drinks Oyly Mixtures and Laudanum and a Decoction of the Cortex which may be mixed with that of the Pectoral Drink and Gas Sulphuris a Spoonful may be given in a Draught of Pectoral Drink to cool After fourteen Days Purge with Decoct Senae and Manna after which repeat the Laudanum and Cortex again and at last for Cleansing the Lungs Lucatellus's Balsam and Decoct Sarsae and this Method I have found very successful All other Asthma's depending on the Tubercula of the Lungs or Collection of Matter Serum Blood in them or the Cavities of the Breast as also that on the Gibbosities or ill Formation of the Thorax in the Rickets or Tumours of the Viscera are improperly called Asthma's Though they produce an Ephemera by Stopping the Nutritious Serum in its Circulation yet they have an evident Cause which requires to be removed before they can be cured Children subject to Rheums with scabbed Heads if that be ill cured or repelled they become Asthmatic with Returning Fits about the Solstices and Aequinoctials In this Case all the Methods for Scald Heads must be used as Decoct Sarsae Mercu. Dulcis Bath-Waters Sulphur Medicines Vitriolic Waters but these generally dis-agree with the Asthmatic and by giving them a Catarrh produce the Fit and much Drinking of fountain-Fountain-Water produces Dropsies in the Lungs to which they are subject Ammoniacum Medicines used to some Ounces much help the Viscidity of a mucilaginous Slime in the Lungs but that and the Cortex has failed me when the Blood by an accident as the Use of the Bath is made more than ordinary prone to an Effervescence and all high Diet and strong Liquors make all Specifics ineffectual till the Aptitude to an Effervescence be taken off by Bleeding Vomiting Purging or above all by a cool thin Diet and Abstaining from fermented Liquors by which Method my Asthma has intermitted three or four Months which before was rather irritated by all other Medicines this Winter The Anointing the Breast and keeping it hot or rubbing it and Cupping-Glasses and all hot Medicines were the Errours of the Ancients but as the Fit declines the Pectorals are necessary to deterge the Phlegm and the Drymphagia which Caelius Aurelianus mentions is very proper to help Expectoration He commends Acetum Scylliticum before Meat and Nitre with Vinegar Decoction of Hyssop and Figs Pine-Nuts with Mulsum Turpentine with Honey or Nettle-Seeds or Cress-Seeds with Honey or bitter Almonds He recommends Travelling or Navigation the Drinking Bath-Waters In Italy they use Theriacae Antidoti And he also recommends the cold Immersion Vtilis consuetudo frigidi lavacri quam Pseucrolusian appellant He mentions Cataclysmus sive illisio aquarum supernè iisdem locis qui patiuntur But though the Pumping of the Breast may give the scorbutic or hypochondriac Symptoms some Ease yet they rather do Injury for the future He orders the Asthmatic Jacere altioribus stramentis thorace capite sublevato loco lucido atque calido mediocriter Adhibitâ requie abstinentiâ cibi usque ad tertium diem si vires permiserint He dislikes strong Purges of Diagrydium and the Spurges He mentions Castor to be used in and out of the Fits which probably they used for the hysteric Asthma but that I fear cannot cure them without Laudanum and the Cortex I believe the Old Oxymels with proper Evacuations have cured more Asthma's than the Moderns by their anti-Convulsives for the Notion of the Asthma being a Defluxion of Humours when clearly stated gives very true and useful Indications whereas the Convulsive Inflations are Symptoms of the Effervescence only and all the Medicines designed for the Cure of the Convulsive Symptoms by increasing the Effervescence occasion more frequent Fits of the Asthma and cure none Ninthly An Ephemera in a putrid State of Blood produces the Impetigo Scab Scald Head which are by an Effervescence thrown into the Skin Spring and Fall as common Experience informs us The Cure of the simple Effervescence which is generally called an Ephemera though it sometimes lasts Thirty or Forty Days is in the following manner I. By Bleeding for Vessels full of Liquors are most apt to ferment and therefore upon the Fermenting of Wines we draw off some of the Liquor and for Preventing the Ebullitions some part of the Vessels is left empty and the same effect Bleeding has which is done in proportion to the Fulness and by that we check Fluxes Pains Inflammations which depend on the Ebullition of our Humours II. By Glysters at first the fermenting Mass in the Guts is drawn off which resembles the Lees in Wines that occasion frequent Fermentations III. Specific Purges after seven eight nine or fourteen Days when the Ebullition remits are necessary to evacuate the Fulness of some particular Cacochymia IV. All Diuretics ought to be cool as Decoct Pectoral Rad. Graminis Cichorei Liquiritiae Decoct Sarsae Chinae Ras Eboris C. cervini Emulsions All hot Specifics irritate the Fever V. Ante-febrile Medicines check the Ebullition As 1. Styptics which hinder the Ebullition of Blood as well as the Fluxes of Humours Decoct Corticis mixed with any specific Decoctions The Powder of Acorns allays the Pains and Inflammations in Pleurisies 2. Acids Ol. Sulph cum Conserv Ros. Gas Sulphuris Sal Prunell in Pectoral Drinks 3. Opiates which suppress the expanded Spirits that produce the Nervous Inflations VI. All Pains must be treated with Anodynes and Tumours discussed and Fluxes stopped by proper Specifics VII The Diet must be thin such as is in Fevers or perfect Abstinence for one or two Days is very necessary to cure the Effervescence For the Preventing the return of these Effervescences 1. The Cacochymia must be evacuated by Vomits repeated Monthly or Quarterly by Purges once in fourteen Days and an Opiate the Night after by Bleeding Spring and Fall by a long use of Specifics for the several Cacochymiae And moderate Exercise and a cooling spare Diet is necessary to prevent that Fulness of the Succus Nutritius which produces the Ebullition in Chronical Cases 2. The inflammatory Disposition of the Blood and its Effervescence must be checked by the cool Febrifuges above-mentioned by the Decoction of the Cortex at the Changes of the Year or that of the Moon when the Fluxes or Fits usually happen or Gas Sulphuris for three Days before and after the Changes of the Moon when the Alterations commonly happen in the Weather which excites the Effervescence and especially in the extream hot Time of the Dog-Days when Wines are most apt to ferment and when the intermitting Fevers begin and by the Observation of all Asthmatics that is the worst time of the Year for the Asthma The inflammatory Disposition of the Blood is best cured by the cool Juyces of Herbs as Dandelion Brooklime Sorrel Water-Cresses Milk-Waters Sarsa-Drinks Whey Milk and Water Abstaining from Mault Drinks or by the cold Immersion 3. The Tumour of any Part or the Obstruction in its Vessels or the Weakness of its Tone must be cured that it may become less subject to Defluxions 4. All external Accidents must be avoided which may excite an Ephemera but chiefly hot Diet strong Drinks and Tobacco and if possible all fermented Liquors and full Meals and Changes of Weather FINIS