and 235 Degrees of Longitude with 22 and 32 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate is somewhat Barren the Ground for the most part being very Sandy yet in some low Valleys is found Corn and great Quantity of Dates The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 14 Hours the shortest in the Southmost 10 Hours ¾ and the Nights proportionably The Commodities of this Country are very few they chiefly consisting in Corn Cattle Dates and Indigo A certain River whose Origine is in Mount Atlas but watereth the Plains of Bildulgerid in its main Body passing by a Town call'd Teolacha hath a Current of Water extreamly warm and is known to European Travellers by no other Name than la Riviere Chaude or the Hot River 2. There 's another River issuing out of the Mountains of Numidia and passing by the four Forts of Ifran disgorgeth it self into the main Ocean between Bojadore and the Town of Nun which in the Winter-time when other Rivers do usually swell over their Banks grows commonly dry and goes thereupon by the Frank Name of la Riviere Seche 3. Nigh the aforesaid Teolacha is a little Village call'd Deusen which is of great Antiquity being built by the Romans as appears by the Remains of several Structures and some Roman Sepulchres besides variety of Medals found frequently after a Rain having commonly a Head upon one side of 'em with Latin Inscriptions and Trophies on the other Vid Dapper 's late Description of Africa Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Inhabitants of this Country besides the Natives being chiefly Arabs are generally Ignorant Cruel Lecherous and much given to Robbing All we can learn of the Language commonly us'd by the Natives of this Country is that 't is as Rude and Barbarous as they themselves The Arabs here residing do still retain their own Tongue This great Body is subject unto several little Kings or Lords who for the most part are Tributary to the Great Turk and Emperor of Morocco Some places are govern'd in Form of Independent Commonwealths and others are without any kind of Government or Order among them The Religion profess'd by the Savage Inhabitants of this Country is that of Mahometanism but many of 'em are sunk into the grossest Stupidity as to Religious Matters either not knowing what they profess or professing as good as none at all Here are several Jews scatter'd up and down those places best inhabited The Christian Faith was first planted in this Country much about the same time with Barbary Of which already SECT IV. Concerning Zaara or the Desert  d. m. Situated between 02 00 of Long. Itsgreatest Length from W to E. is about 2340 Miles 50 00 between 21 00 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 330 Miles 28 00 Zaara or the Desert comprehends the Provinces of Borno Chief Town Idem From W. to E. Gaogo Idem Bardoa Idem Lempta Idem Targa Idem Zuenziga Idem Zanhaga Tagassa THIS Country a Part of Ancient Lybia the Seat of the Getuli and Garamantes is term'd by the Italians Zaara by the Spaniards Zaara o Desierto by the French Zahara ou Desert by the Germans Zaara or Wijste and by the English Zaara or the Desert so call'd by the Arabians the Name signifying a Desert because 't is a Country very Barren and thinly inhabited The Air of this Country is much the same as in Bildulgerid only a little more hot yet very wholsome to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Zaara is that part of Mare del Zur and Mare Pacificum dying between 182 and 243 Degrees of Longitude with 21 and 28 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate being generally very Dry and Sandy is not fertil either for Corn or Fruits yea 't is generally so barren that its Inhabitants can hardly live Such are those vast Deserts and terrible Mountains of Sand in this Country that Travellers are frequently reduc'd to great Extremities being liable either to be overwhelm'd with Sand if a Tempest of Wind arise or to perish with Thirst if it chance not to Rain To prevent the last of these the first being unavoidable in case of Wind they commonly kill one of their Camels and drink the Water in his Stomach those Creatures taking in so large a quantity at one time as sufficeth Nature for fourteen or fifteen Days together The longest Day in the Northmost Part is about 13 Hours¼ the shortest in the Southmost is 10 Hours¾ and the Nights proportionably The Commodities of this Country are very inconsiderable they chiefly consisting in a few Camels Dates and Cattle Nigh to C. Bojadore on the West of Zahara are certain Banks of Sand stretching along that part of the Coast towards which so strong a Current sets in that the Water being in a mighty Agitation both Waves and Sand mixing together do not only resemble a boiling Salt-pan but also they frequently mount up to a prodigious height 2. In the Desert of Araoan are two Tombs with Inscriptions upon 'em importing that the Persons there interr'd were a rich Merchant and a poor Carrier who both di'd of Thirst and that the former had given ten thousand Ducats for one Cruise of Water 3. North of Gaogo are some Vesligia of the Ancient Cyrene the chief City of Lybia Cyrenaica and formerly one of the famous Pentapolis Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universitities None The Inhabitants of this Country being mostly Arabs are an Ignorant Brutish and Savage kind of People resembling rather Wild Beasts than Rational Creatures What was said of the Language spoken by the Natives of Bildulgerid the same may be affirm'd of that commonly us'd in this Country viz. that it 's as Rude and Barbarous as they who speak it This great Country is subject to several particular Lords whom they term Xeques but many of 'em wander up and down hunting in great Companies accounting themselves Independant This Country being stockt with Arabs the only Religion here profess'd is that of Mahomet's but so Barbarous and Brutish is the generality of this People that many of 'em live without the least sign of Religion among them The Christian Faith was once planted here but quite exterminated towards the beginning of the Eighth Century SECT V. Concerning the Land of the Negroes  d. m. Situated between 00 10 of Long. It s greatest Length from W. to E. is about 2280 Miles 46 20 between 10 00 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 600 Miles 23 10 The Land of the Negroes comprehends the Provinces of Genohoa Chief Town Idem From W. to E. upon the North of the Niger Galata Idem Tombut Idem Agades Idem Cano Idem Cassena Idem Guangara Idem Melli Idem From W. to E. upon the South of the Niger Mandinga Idem
Apt Forcalquier Sisteron Middle part whose chief Towns are Arles W. to E. on the S. of the Durance Salon Aix Riez Senez Glandeves Lower whose chief Towns are Marseilles W. to E. nigh unto or upon the Sea-Coast Toulon Hyeres Frejuls Grace Vence Antiâ—e After these Twelve Governments we may here subjoin two other Countries adjacent to the East part of France Namely Loraine French County LORAINE Divided into Loraine properly so called Ch. Town Nancy Dutchy of Barr Westward Bar le Duc. More particularly Loraine properly so called Chief Town Nancy towards the middle D. of Bar Bar le Duc Westward Principality of Phaltzbourge Idem Eastward The Territor of Toule Idem S. to N. Metz Idem Verdun Idem Also those of Clermont Idem 15 Miles W. of Verdun Bitch Idem N. to S. upon the E. part of Loraine Sarward Idem Sarbruck Idem Salme Idem Vaudemont Idem 18 Miles S. E. of Toul FRENCH COUNTY Divided into Higher Northward Chief Town Montbeliart Middle part Besanson Lower Southward Salins More particularly Higher its chief Towns are Montbeliart E. to W. Vesoul Middle its chief Towns are Besancon or Besanson E. to W. upon the Doux Dole Lower its chief Towns are Salins N. to S. S. Claude THis Country formerly Gallia from its Ancient Inhabitants the Gauls otherwise the Celta is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Francia by its Natives la France by the Germans Franckreich and by the English France so call'd as most Authors agree from the Franks a German Nation inhabiting that Part of Germany still call'd Franconia who invading Gaul and by degrees subduing a great Part of it gave it a New Name from its New Masters who in the Opinion of some Judicious Writers had theirs from certain Franchises granted them by the Roman Emperors beyond what the Neighbouring Nations enjoy'd or according to others from the German words Fraâ—n and Ausen the former signifying Free and the other an Heroe The Air of this Country is very Temperate Pleasant and Healthful being in a good Medium between the great Excess of Heat and Cold which ordinarily attend those Countries of a more Northern and Southern Situation yea so healthful is it that this Kingdom is generally observ'd to be less subject to Plagues and Sickness than most other Nations of Europe and the Air about Mompelier in particular is universally esteem'd Medicinal for Consumptions The opposite Place of the Globe to France is that part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 190 and 207 Degrees of Longitude with 42 and 51 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 6 7 and 8. North Climate is extraordinary fruitful particularly in Corn Wine Fruits Hemp c. The Fields being here both large and open are generally intermingl'd with Vines and Corn as also bordered and interlin'd with variety of Fruits Here are many and vasts Forests and these well-stor'd with most sorts of wild Beasts fit for Hunting several Mountains and these cover'd over with numerous Flocks and some of them lin'd with rich and valuable Mines Here also are divers excellent Pits of Coals and Quarries of Stones The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is about 16 Hours ¼ The shortest in the Southmost is 9 Hours ¼ and the Nights proportionably The Chief Commodities of this Country are Salt Fish Corn Wine Almonds Coral Canvas Oade Linnen Paper Wood Skins Alamodes Lusting and rich flower'd Silks Verdigris Cremor Tartaris c. Among the chief Rarities of France we may reckon some remarkable Remains of the Roman Antiquities as yet to be seen in that Country And they are reducible to these following Heads viz. 1. Triumphal Arches particularly that in the City of Rheims as yet entire compos'd of Three Arches and adorn'd with many Figures and Trophies but uncertain for whom erected There are also the Ruins of several others near Autun in Burgundy one at Saintes in Guienne another almost entire at the City of Orange erected by Caius Marius and Luctatius Catulus upon their Victory obtain'd over the Cimbres and Teutones where are likewise the Ruins of a Roman Circus To these we may add that stately Bridge twelve Miles off Nismes consisting of three Stories of Arches one above another the last of which was an Aqueduct 2. Amphitheaters as the Ruins of a stately one at Chalons in Burgundy another at Perigueux in Guienne another at Tholouse in Langaedoc another at Arles in Provence another at Vienne in Dauphine but the chief of all is that at Nismes of an extraordinary bigness and as yet adorn'd with several Pillars and divers Roman Eagles as also the Fable of Romulus and Romus sucking the She-wolf 3. The Remains of some Heathen Temples particularly those of Templum Jani now call'd the Jenetoye at Autun in Burgundy those of the Goddess Venus at Perigueux in Guienne and that of Diana near Nismes in Languedoc 4. The Ruins of some Ancient Aqueducts as those near Coutance in Burgundy those at Dole in Britaign some at Autun in Burgundy and those at Tholouse in Languedoc 5. Remarkable Pillars particularly those Ancient Columes and Pyramids near Autun in Burgundy but more especially is that famous Roman Obelisk of Oriental Granat at Arles in Provence which is much admired by the Curious being fifty two Foot high seven Foot Diameter at the Base and yet all but one Stone Among the Monuments of Antiquity we may mention that large Passage cut through the middle of a Rock about two Leagues from Brianson in Dauphine which being a stupendious piece of Work gives occasion to various Conjectures some Persons imputing it to J. Caesar and others rather to Hannjbal To these we may add that large and round Buckler of Massy Silver fish'd out of the Rhone near Avignion 1665. being twenty Inches in Diamiter and weighing twenty one pounds 't is 1900 Years old and is charg'd with Scipio Africanus half Mantled grasping his Pike and Roman Officers attending with the Spaniards supplicating for a fair Virgin the same being consecrated to that Virtuous General upon his restoring a beautiful Captive to Allucius Prince of Celtiberia who had espous'd her These being the principal Remains of Reverend Antiquity observable in this Country next to such Curiosities we may subjoin some Rarities of Nature the most noted of which are these following 1 Waters of remarkable Qualities particularly Those nigh to Dax or D'Acque in Gascoign so reputed of old for Bathing that from them the whole Province of Aquitaine did derive its Name As also the Mineral Waters of Bourbon much resorted unto even in time of the Romans together with that famous Fountain near to Grenoble which appeareth as if covered with Flames and boileth up in great Bubbles and yet is never hot Likewise another boiling Fountain about a League from Montpellier much observ'd by Travellers and finally that Oily-spring near Gabian in the Road from Montpellier to Beziers Add to these a Spring near Loches in
in any Part of the Continent under the same Parallel The Cold during the Winter is not so piercing nor the Heat in the Summer so scorching as to recommend much less to enforce the use of Stoves in the one or Grotto's in the other The opposite Place of the Globe to England is that part of the Pacifick Ocean between 200 and 210 Degrees of Longitude with 50 and 56 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying in the 9th 10th and 11th North Climate is generally so Fertil and produceth such plenty of Grain Fruits Roots Herbs c. that the excellency of its Soil is best declar'd by those Transcendent Elogies deservedly bestow'd on her both by Ancient and Modern Writers who call England the Granary of the Western World the Seat of Ceres c. that her Vallies are like Eden her Hills like Lebanon her Springs as Pisgah and her Rivers as Jordan that she 's a Paradise of Pleasure and the Garden of God The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 17 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost is almost 8 Hours and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Corn Cattle Tyn Copper Lead Iron Timber Coals abundance of Wooll Cloath Stufts Linnen Hides Tallow Butter Cheese Beer c. In most Counties of this Kingdom are still extant some noted Circular Stone Monuments like those in Scotland abovemention'd page 193 particularly The Seventy seven Stones at Saleeds in Cumberland commonly term'd Long Meg and her Daughters Those call'd Rolle-rich Stones in Oxfordshire Those near Enisham in Northumberland Those upon the River Loder in Westmorland Those near Burrow-Bridge in Yorkshire Those near Exmore in Devonshire and finally the Hurlers and those at Biscaw-woun in Cornwall c. But most observable of all is Stonehenge the Chorea Gigantum of the Ancients on Salisbury-Plain Which Monuments are thought by some to consist of Natural Stones by others of Stones artificially compounded of pure Sand Lime Vitriol and other unctious Matter But if the Reader desires to see the various Conjectures of the Curious concerning the Nature and Design of all such Monuments together with the Draught of Stone-henge in particular let him consult the late Edition of Camden's Britannia page 23 95 108 269. 2. In many Parts of England are yet to be seen the Vestigia and Remains of divers Roman Military Ways the principal of which is that mention'd in Leland's M. S. beginning at Dover and passing through Kent to London from thence to St. Albans Dunstable Stratford Toucester Littlebourn St. Gilbert's Hill near Shrewsbury then by Stratton and so through the middle of Wales to Cardigan 3. In this Country are abundance of Medicinal Waters whether for Bathing as those especially in Somersetshire call'd the Baths 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Purging particularly those of the Spaws in Yorkshire Tunbridge in Kent Ebisham and Dulledge in Surry North-hall Acton and Islington in Middlesex Here also are many other very remarkable Springs whereof some are mightily impregnorated either with Salt as that at Durtwich in Worcestershire or Sulphure as the famous Well at Wiggin in Lancashire of which afterwards or Bituminous Matter as that at Pitchford in Shropshire Others have a Petrifying Quality as particularly that near Lutterworth in Leicestershire and the remarkable Droping-Well in the West-Riding of Yorkshire And finally some Ebb and Flow but that generally in a very irregular manner as those of Peak-Forrest in Derbyshire and Lay-Well near Torbuy whose Waters rise and fall several times in one Hour To these we may add that remarkable Fountain near Richard's Castle in Herefordshire commonly call'd Bone-Well which is always full of small Fish-bones or such resemblances though frequently empti'd and clear'd of them 4 Many are the Roman Altars which from time to time are dug up in this Kingdom especially the Northern Parts thereof As for their particular Shapes and remarkable Inscriptions with the places where now to be seen Vid. Cambden late Edition page 568 570 734 782 783 826 836 844. and from 848 to 852. inclusively 5. In several places between Carlisle and Newcastle are some Remains of the famous Picts Wall so much talkt off by our English Historians which did run through Cumberland and Northumberland beginning at Tinmouth Bar and ending at Solway-Frith 6 In Cambridgeshire are Tracts of those large Ditches thrown up by the East-Angles to prevent the Incursions of the Mercians who frequently ruin'd all before them And nigh to the Town of Cambridge are some Vestigia of two spacious Camps one Roman at Arborough a mile North of Cambridge and the other at Gogmagog-Hills on the other side of the Town 7. Near Wiggin in Lancashire is the remarkable Well abovemention'd which being empti'd there presently breaks out a sulphurous Vapour which makes the Water bubble up as if it boil'd and a Candle being put thereto it instantly takes Fire and burns like Brandy During a Calm the Flame will continue a whole Day and by its Heat they can boil Eggs Meat c. and yet the Water it self is cold 8. In Whinâ—ield Park in Westmorland is the Three-Brother-Tree so call'd because there were Three of 'em the least whereof is this which a good way from the Root is thirteen Yards and a half in Circumference 9. At Brosely Bently and Pitchford with other Places adjacent in Shropshire is found over most of the Coal-pits a Stratum of blackish porous Stone much impregnorated with bituminous Matter which Stone being pulveriz'd and boil'd in Water the bituminous Substance riseth to the top and being gather'd off it comes to the Consistency of Pitch and is us'd for such with good Effect 10. In Derbyshire is the famous Peak and some hideous Cavities as those call'd Pool's Hole Elden Hole and another which goes by the indecent Name of the Devil's Arse In the first of these is dropping Water of a petrifying Nature and at a small distance from it a little clear Brook remarkable for consisting both of hot and cold Water so join'd in the same Stream that a Man may at once put the Finger and Thumb of the same Hand one into hot and the other into cold 11. Near Whitby in the North-Riding of Yorkshire are found certain Stones resembling the Folds and Wreaths of a Serpent And at Huntly-Nabb in the same Riding are other Stones of several sizes and so exactly round as if artificially made for Cannon Balls which being broken do commonly contain divers stony Serpents wreath'd up in Circles but generally without Heads 12 Near Alderly in Glocestcrshire and on the tops of Mountains not far from Richmond with several other parts of England are Stones resembling Cokles Oysters and divers other Water Animals which if once living Creatures or the ludicrous Fancy of Nature is not now my business to enquire 13. In Mendippe-hills in Somersetshire is a prodigious Cave call'd Ochy-Hole which being of a considerable length in it are discover'd some Wells and
Armenians The principal Points whereof are these Three 1 They allow the Apostolick and Nicene Creeds but agree with the Greeks in asserting the Procession of the Holy Ghost from the Father only 2 They believe that Christ at his Descent into Hell freed the Souls of all the Damn'd from thence and repriev'd them till the end of the World when they shall be remanded to Eternal Flames 3 They also believe that the Souls of the Righteous are not admitted to the Beatisical Vision until after the Resurrection and yet they Pray to Saints departed adore their Pictures and burn Lamps before them praying likeways for the Dead in general They use Confession to the Priest and of late have been taught the strange Doctrine of Transubstantiation by Popish Emissaries dispers'd through most Parts of this large Country but they still give the Eucharist in both Species to the Laity and use unleavened Bread soak'd in Wine In administring the Sacrament of Baptism they plunge the Infant thrice in Water and apply the Chrism with consecrated Oyl in Form of a Cross to several Parts of the Body and then touch the Child's Lips with the Eucharist These are the chief Tenets and Practices of the Armenians in Religious Matters But to these we may add that vast multitude of Fasts and Festivals which they punctually observe one fourth part of the Year being such and truly it is in the Observation of 'em that the very Face of the Christian Religion is as yet kept up among this People Christianity was planted in these Parts of the World in the earliest Ages of the Church Bartholomew the Apostle being generally reckon'd the chief if not first Propagator thereof SECT VI. Concerning the Asiatick Islands Reduc'd page 45. to Six Classes viz. The Japan Islands The Philippin Islands The Isles des Larrons The Moluccoes The Islands of the Sund. The Maldives and Ceylon The chief of the Japan are Japan Remarkable Towns are Meaco from N. E. to S. W Tonsa Sanuqui Bongo Idem The chief of the Philippin are Luconia Idem from N. to S. Tandaya Achen Mindana Idem In the Islands des Larrons None The chief of the Moluccoes are Celebes Idem W. to E. Gilolo Idem Ceram Cimbelo The chief of the Isles of the Sund are Borneo Idem Under the Equator Sumatra Achem Java Materan S. of Borneo Sumatra at The chief of the Maldives is Male None In the Island of Ceylon Candea These Islands as aforsaid being reduc'd to Six Classes of each of these Classes seperately and in their Order Therefore §. 1. The Japan Islands THESE Islands thought by some to be the Jabadii of the Ancients are term'd by the Italians Giapone by the Spaniards Islas del Japon by the French les Isles du Japon by the Germans die Japanische Insuln and by the English The Japan Islands but why so call'd I find no satisfactory Account among Criticks The Air of these Islands doth much encline to Cold but is generally esteem'd very wholesome to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Japan is that part of the Paragueyan Ocean lying between 340 and 350 Degrees of Longitude with 30 and 40 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of these Islands is reckon'd abundantly fertil in Grain Roots and divers sorts of pleasant Fruits as also the Ground though much overspread with Forests and incumbered with vast Mountains is very fit for Pasturage and well stockt with multitudes of Cattle The length of the Days and Nights in these Islands is much the same as in the middle Provinces of China they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of these Islands are Gold Silver Elephants Teeth Rice and most sorts of Minerals There is in Japan according to the Testimony of Varenius a very remarkable Fountain whose Water is almost equally hot with boiling Oyl it breaks forth only twice a Day for the space of one Hour during which time the Eruption is so violent that nothing can withstand the strength of its Current for with such a mighty force doth the Water burst out that 't is said to raise up and throw away the greatest Stone they can lay over the Mouth of the Fountain and that with such a noise that it frequently resembles the Report of a great Gun 2. In the same Island is a prodigious high Mountain generally suppos'd to equal and by some to surpass the famous Pike of Tenerife being visible almost forty Leagues off at Sea though eighteen distant from the Shore 3. In this Cluster of Islands are commonly reckon'd no less than eight different Vulcano's whereof some are very terrible Here also is great variety of Medicinal Waters and many hot Springs besides that most remarkable one abovemention'd 4. In the City of Meaco is a mighty Colossus of gilded Coper to which People pay their Devotions Of such a prodigious bigness is that Pagod that being set in a Chair which is eighty Foot broad and seventy high no less than fifteen Men may conveniently stand on his Head His Thumb is said to be fourteen Inches about and proportionable to it is the rest of his Body In this City are reckon'd about seventy Heathen Temples and one of 'em is said to be furnisht with no fewer than 3333 gilded Idols Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Japanners being People of an Olive-colour'd Complexion are generally of a tall Stature strong Constitution and sit to be Soldiers They 're said to have vast Memories nimble Fancies and solid Judgments They are abundantly Fair and Just in their Dealings but naturally Ambitious Cruel and Disdainful to all Strangers especially those of the Christian Religion admitting none such to Traffick with 'em save only the Dutch who to monopolize an advantagious Trade are so complaisant to those Pagan People as to suspend the very Profession of Christianity during their abode among them The Japonese Tongue is said to be very Polite and Copious abounding with many Synonimous Words which are commonly us'd according to the Nature of the Subject as also the Quality Age and Sex both of the Speaker and the Person to whom the Discourse is directed These Islands are Govern'd by several Petty Kings and Princes or Tanes who are all subject to one Sovereign still'd The Emperor of Japan His Government is altogether Despotical and his Subjects adore him as a God never daring to look him in the Face and when they speak off him they turn their Countenances down to the Earth Peculiar to the Emperors of Japan is the following Custom viz. that they esteem it a kind of Sacriledge to suffer either Hair or Nails to be cut after Coronation The Emperor of Japan according to the Relation of the Ambassadors of the Dutch East-India Company beats Or six Stars Argent in an Oval Shield and hordered with little points of Gold But according to others his Arms are Sables with three Tresoils Argent
was one and likeways Gesner the Pliny of Germany being led into the same Error hath pictur'd that Bird accordingly To these Remarkables abovemention'd I may here add that rare Quality of Cloves one of the chief Spices produc'd in these Islands viz. their strange attractive Virtue when laid near any Liquids being able to drain a Hogshead of Wine or Water in a short time whereby some unwary Commanders of Ships have been most unexpectedly depriv'd of their beloved Liquors Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of these Islands especially such as inhabit the midland Parts are by most esteem'd a treacherous inhumane and base kind of People much given to beastly Pleasures and generally walking Naked but those upon or near the Sea-Coasts who have Commerce with Europeans are pretty well civiliz'd and several of 'em prove very ingenious Their manner of Dealing is all by Bartering they being Strangers as yet to Money All we can find of the Language peculiar to the Natives of these Islands is that 't is as barbarous as they who own it The Trading Persons among 'em in their Dealings with Strangers use the Portugueze Tongue These Islands are subject to many Sovereigns of their own and some particularly Celebes and Gilolo have each of 'em several petty Kings whom they own as Sovereign Lords and Governors The Portugueze formerly had got considerable footing in these Islands but now the Dutch who send thither many of their condemned Criminals to be there imploy'd as perpetual Slaves The Natives of the Moluccoes are for the most part gross Idolaters and intermixt with them are many Mahometans with some who know a little of Christianity which Knowledge hath not been improv'd very briskly in those poor Creatures ever since they happen'd to change their Masters §. 5. The Islands of the Sund. THESE Islands unknown to the Ancients are term'd by the Italians Isola-di Sunda by the Spaniards Islas del Sond by the French let Isles de la Sonde by the Germans die Insuln in Sunde by the English The Islands of the Sonde or Sund so call'd from the Strait of the Sund between the Isles of Java and Sumatra The Air of these Islands is extremely hot they being situated under the same Parallels of Latitude with the Moluccoes and in Sumatra 't is mighty unwholesome by reason of many Lakes wherewith that Island abounds The opposite Place of the Globe to the Isles of the Sund is part of Terra Firma and the Land of the Amazons in South America The Soil of these Islands is generally very good especially in Java and Sumatra affording great plenty of Corn and Fruits mightily abounding with the chiefest of Spices well furnish'd with various kinds of Fowl and wonderfully stor'd with rich Mines of Gold Tin Iron Sulpher and several other Minerals The length of the Days and Nights in these Islands is much the same throughout the whole Year their Latitude either South or Northern being inconsiderable The chief Commodities of these Islands are Gold in great quantities most sorts of Spices plenty of Wax and Honey store of Silks and Cottons some precious Stones and the best kind of Brass In the Island of Java are Serpents of a prodigious length and bigness one being taken at a certain time that was thirteen Yards and a half long and so big that they found a young Boar in his Belly In the same Island is a remarkable Vulcano which sometimes burns with great Rage 2 Towards the middle part of Sumatra is another burning Mountain call'd Mons Balulvanus which vomits forth Fire and Ashes in like manner as Mount Aetna in Sicily or Vesuvius in Naples 3. In the same Island is a very observable Tree call'd Sangali by the Malayans and by the Portuguese Arbor triste de dia so term'd from its remarkable property of putting forth abundance of lovely Buds every Evening which look very pleasant to the Eye and fill the places adjacent with a most fragrant Smell but these fading and falling to the Ground when the Sun ariseth it appears in a melancholy and mourning Dress all day long 4 In the Island of Borneo is a Creature usually known to our English Navigators by the Name of the Savage Man being of all Brutes likest to Man both in Shape Stature and Countenance walking also upright upon his two hinder Legs and that frequently if not always He 's a Creature of great Strength and extremely Swift in Running Many reckon him the Ape peculiar to Borneo and the hunting of him is esteem'd a princely Diversion Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of these Islands do considerably differ in Point of Manners those of Borneo being generally esteem'd Men of good Wits and approved Integrity those of Java very Treacherous Proud and much given to Lying And the Inhabitants of Sumatra are affirm'd to be good Artificers cunning Merchants and several of 'em expert Mariners The Language in these various Islands is not the same at least it doth mightily differ in variety of Dialects The Trading People who have frequent Dealings with the Franks do understand and speak the Fortugueze Tongue In each of these Islands are several Kings In Borneo two one Mahometan and the other Pagan In Sumatra and Java are many Princes some Mahometan and some Pagan The chief of those in Sumatra is the King of Achem and Materan is the chief in Java The Hollanders and Portugueze have establisht several Factories in these Islands especially the former The Natives of these Islands who reside in the Inland Parts are generally gross Idolaters but those towards the Sea-Coasts are for the most part zealous Professors of the Doctrine of Mahomet in several of its Fundamental Points §. 6. The Maldives and Ceylon THESE Islands unknown in former times except Ceylon which is thought by some to be the Ophit of Solomon and the Taprobane of the Ancients are term'd by the Italians Maldivee Ceylon by the Spaniards Maldivas Ceylon by the French Isles des Maldives Ceylon by the Germans die Maldivische Insuln Ceylon and by the English the Maldives and Ceylon They are call'd Maldives from Male the chief est of 'em and Dive which in their Language signifies an Island But from whence Ceylon derives its Name is not very certain The Air of these Islands notwithstanding of their nearness to the Line is very Temperate there falling a kind of Dew every Night which mightily helps to qualify the same yet frequently mortal to Strangers But in Ceylon 't is so pure and wholesome that the Indians term this Island Temarisin i. e. a Land of Pleasure The opposite Place of the Globe to these Islands is part of Mare del Zur lying between 280 and 290 Degrees of Longitude with the Equator and 10 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of these Islands is extraordinary fruitful except in Corn whereof the Maldives are said to be
W. is about 1600 Miles 346 30 between 01 00 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 1380 Miles 23 00 Brasil of no certain Division it s Chief Towns are those of S. Vincent Found upon the Sea Coast from S. to N. Sanctos Angra dos Reyes S. Sebastian Spiritu sanctio Porto seguro S. Salvadore Pernambuco Parayba THIS Country discover'd by the Portugueze Anno 1501. is term'd Brasil by the Italians Spaniards French Germans and English but why so call'd is not certain Those who derive the Name from the abundance of that Wood term'd by the Europeans Brasile-Wood which grows in this Country do give methinks no satisfactory Account of the matter The Air of this Country is generally very wholsome and notwithstanding Brasil is almost intirely within the Torrid Zone yet in those Parts already discover'd 't is exceeding Temperate being daily qualifi'd by Sea-Breezes about Noon Opposite on the Globe to Brasil are the Philippin Islands with part of the Eastern Ocean adjacent to them The Soil of this Country it lying in the 1st 2d 3d 4th South Climate is reported to be extraordinary fertil especially in those Places already discovered The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 12 Hours ¼ the shortest in the Southmost 10 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Red-wood otherways Brasil-wood much us'd for Dying in great quantities abundance of Sugar as also Amber Rozin Balm Tobacco Train-Oyl Confectures c. As the principal Rarities of Brasil we make fitly reckon the considerable number of very strange Creatures found in that Country The chief of which I shall here mention and those reducible to Four General Classes viz. Beasts Serpents Birds and Fishes I. Of Beasts The most remarkable of them are these following 1. Monkeys particularly that sort call'd by Europeans the Kings-Monkey the biggest of the whole Species and observable for having a thin hollow Throttle-Bone near the upper end of the Larynx by the help of which he makes a great noise Here also are many Monkeys of a yellowish Colour that smell like ordinary Musk. 2. The Sloath term'd by the Natives Haii from his Voice of a like sound but by most Europeans Ignavus or Pigritia and corruptedly Percza by the Spaniards so call'd from the Nature of that Animal being of so flow a Motion that he requires three or four Days to climb up a Tree of an ordinary height and twenty four Hours to walk fifty Paces on plain Ground His Fore-feet are almost double his hinder in length and when he climbs a Tree his hold he takes is so sure that while he hangs by a Branch he can Sleep securely 3. The Tamanduâ—-guacu which is a great Bear so term'd by the Natives but commonly by Europeans the Ant-Bear because he usually feeds upon Ants at least destroys those Creatures where-ever he finds them His Tail is so big that Squirrel like he can cover his whole Body therewith 4. The great Shell'd-Hedghog call'd by the Natives Tatu and Armadillo by the Spaniards because he gathers himself up Head Feet and Tail within his Shell as round as a Ball and that as a sure Defence when either he goes to Sleep or is actually assaulted by any destructive Creature with whom he dares not grapple II. Of Serpents The most remarkable of them are 1. That call'd by the Natives Ibibaboca which is about three Yards and an half long and of a considerable bigness his Colours are originally White Red and Black of all kinds and his Bite is most pernicious of any yet worketh the slowest 2 The Boiguaâ—u which is the biggest of the whole Species being half a Yard in compass about the Middle and almost seven Yards long 3 The Boâ—cininga otherways the Rattle Snake so call'd by Europeans from a Rattle in the end of his Tail compos'd of a number of dâ—y Bones from eight to sixteen which are hollow thin hard and very sonorous Those Persons whose misfortune it is to be bitten by him are tormented with exquisite Pain their whole Body cleaving into Chops and frequently die within twenty four Hours in a most sad Condition But as a remarkable Act of the Divine Providence this noxious Animal gives timely warning to Travellers to avoid him by making a great noise with his Rattle how soon he hears any Person approaching towards him III. Of Brasile Birds the most remarkable are 1. The Humming-Bird which is so call'd from the humming noise he makes with his Wings like a Bee when he seeds by thrusting his small Bill into Flowers The Brasilians term him Guanumbi and some Writers Ourissia i. e. the Sun-Beam because of his radiant colour'd Feathers with which the Indians adorn their Images but the Spaniards call him Tomineius because so small that one of them with its Nest weighs only two Tomino's a Weight in Spain consisting of twelve Grains 2. The Anhima so call'd by the Natives but by Europeans the Unicorn-Bird because he hath a kind of Horn growing out of his Forehead about two or three Inches long of a brittle substance and blunt at the top and is therefore neither defensive nor offensive to him 3. That call'd Guara by the Brasilians and by Europeans the Sea-Curlew the same with Numenius Indicus and Arcuata Coccinea among Latin Authors and remarkable for its alteration of Colours Being at first Black then Ash-colour'd next White afterwards Scarlet and last of all Crimson which grows the richer dye the longer he lives IV. Of Fishes taken upon the Coast of Brasile the most remarkable are 1. Orbis Minor or the Globe-fish so call'd from his Orbicular form and remarkable for being arm'd with many long round hard and sharp Spikes and Needles all over his Body almost like those of a Hedg-hog When he swims 't is believ'd that he draws those Needles in depressing them to his Body to facilitate his way through the water and that he advances them at any time he happens to be pursu'd bidding as 't were the Enemy to come at his peril 2. Upon this Coast is frequently seen the Echeneis or Remora a Fish very famous among the Ancients for it stupendous power in stopping a Ship as they imagin'd though under fail and before a brisk gale of Wind. Which strange account was generally believ'd for many Ages and not a few have labour'd to assign the cause but is now lookt upon as a ridiculous Story and deservedly exploded by every ordinary Traveller These are the most remarkable Creatures whether Beasts Serpents Birds or Fishes belonging to Brasile and all or most of them are to be seen in the publick Repository of Gresham College London Here is one Portuguize Archbishoprick viz. that of S. Salvadore to whose Incumbent are subject several Suffragans but their Number and Names are uncertain Universities none The Brasilians are reported to be generally a cruel thievish and revengeful sort of People yet some on the Sea-coast
and 157 Degrees of Longitude with 12 and 37 Degrees of North Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 2d 3d 4th and 5th South Climate is esteem'd to be very fertil in most places producing abundance of Corn Wine Fruits and Herbs and here also are several considerable Mines The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 13 Hours the shortest in the Southmost is 10 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country at least the Product thereof are reckon'd to be some Gold Silver Brass Iron Sugars Amethists c. Upon Rio de la Plata are frequently seen and sometimes kill'd divers kinds of Serpents of a prodigious bigness 2. Towards the Northern Parts of Paraguay is a certain Champaign Country about six Leagues square which is all over-spread with an excellent sort of Salt and that to a considerable height 3. In the Western Parts of Tucoman is a prodigious high and large Mountain which for its wonderful Glistering in a clear Sun-shine-day is call'd the Chrystal Mountain Under it is extended a hideous Cave-passage through which doth glide a considerable Current of Water with so many windings and turnings that from the time of its entry under the Mountain to its issuing forth on the other side is almost the space of twenty four or thirty Hours according to the Computation of the Portugueses who were so adventurous as to make the Experiment and that by hazarding their Persons upon a Roft made of Canes Vid. Purchas his Pilgrims Part 4. Lib. 6. Here is one Spanish Archbishoprick viz. that of Rio de la Plata To the Archbishoprick of Rio de la Plata are several Suffragans viz those of St. Jago de Lestero Assumption Panama Paraguay As for Universities here are none The Paraguayans though Persons of very big and tall Bodies are nevertheless reported to be very nimble and much given to Running They are said to be somewhat Laborious and less Savage than many others of the adjacent Nations yet a little enclin'd to a revengeful Humour against those who chance to wrong them All we can learn of the Language mostly in use among the Natives is in general that 't is a very harsh and unpleasant Jargon as the Plurality of the Indian Tongues are The Spaniards here residing do commonly use their own Language The Natives of this Country according to our latest Accounts are in a great part subject to their own Captains or Caciques whom they chuse among themselves and under whose Conduct they go out to War A considerable Part of this Country doth belong to the King of Spain who ordinarily keepeth one Governor at St. Jago in Tucoman and another at Assumption in Rio de la Plata both of 'em being answerable to the Vice-Roy of Peru. The Natives of this Country are generally gross Idolaters yet 't is reported of 'em that they 're more capable of learning our Arts and Religion than most of the other Americans And some speak of a Tradition spread among 'em importing that certain Priests shall come into their Country and instruct them of a new Religion whereby they shall be most happy in another World The Spaniards here residing are as in Spain rigid Papists SECT XII Concerning Terra Magellanica THIS Southmost Part of the Continent of South America call'd also Regio Patagonum derives its Title from Ferdinand Magellan a Portuguize who made the first Discovery thereof Anno 1519. as also of that famous Streight which still bears his Name he being the first for ought we know that ever pass'd through the same Many things equally frivolous as ridiculous are related of this Country and its Inhabitants with which I shall neither trouble my self nor the Reader but proceed to SECT XIII Concerning Terra Antarctica BY Terra Antarctica we understand all those unknown and slenderly discover'd Countries towards the Southern Parts of the Globe the chief of which do bear the Names of New Guinea New Zealand New Holland and which may comprehend these and all the rest Terra Australis incognita Which Southern Countries though they belong not to the Continent of America yet we chuse to mention 'em in this place since the Southmost Part of the Continent of South America doth extend it self farther towards the South than any Part or Headland of the old Continent What was said of the Northmost Countries Sect. 5. under the Title of Terra Arctica viz. that our knowledge of them did reach little farther than their bare Names so the same may be affirm'd of those that bear the Title of Terra Antarctica Leaving them therefore to the better Discovery of Future Ages we pass on to SECT XIV Concerning the American Islands Reduc'd page 45. to three Classes North viz. those of California Newfound-Land Middle viz. the Antilles Greater Cuba Jamaica Hispamola Port-rico Lesser Caribees Lucayes Sotovento Bermudas South viz. the Island of Terra del Fuogo Of which Islands distinctly and in their order Therefore §. 1. California THIS Island was formerly esteem'd a Peninsula but now found to be intirely surrounded with Water It s North part was discovered by Sir Francis Drake Anno 1577. and by him call'd New Albion where erecting a Pillar he â—â—stâ—ed thereon the Arms of England The Inland parts thereof were afterwards search'd into and being found to be only a dry barren cold Country Europeans were discourag'd from sending Colonies to the same so that it still remains in the hands of the Natives And there being nothing remarkable relating either to them or it we shall proceed to § 2. New-found Land THIS Island discovered first by the two Cabots at the charge of Henry the 7th of England Anno 1497. but more particularly by Thorn and Eliot of Bristol Anno 1527. and the English Title thereto being renew'd in the name of Queen Elizabeth Anno 1583. a Colony was settl'd therein about 30 years afterwards is term'd by the Italians Terra Novella by the Spaniards Tierra Nueva by the French Terre Neuve by the Germans Newfunden Land and by the English Newfound Land the derivation of which Name is sufficiently express'd in the Name it self Notwithstanding this Island is situated between the Parallels that pass through the Southern part of England and Northern of France yet the Air thereof doth extreamly differ from that in either of these Countries it being subject to a greater excess of heat in the Summer and more pinching cold in the Winter than commonly happens in them The opposite place of the Globe to New found-land is that part of Terra Australis incognita between 140 and 150 degrees of Longitude with 45 and 53 degrees of South Latitude This Island for the most part is overspread with Woods which are but slowly cut down because the Country is very thinly inhabited Where the Ground is already clear'd the Soil is not altogether despicable affording variety of Roots and several
's imploy'd for some time in swallowing down several hundred Weight of small Peeble-Stones By which additional Weight of his Body he can keep a faster hold of his Prey and be the sooner able to draw it into and dive with it under Water Vid. Late History of the Buchaneers in America Part 1. Cap. 4. Here is one Archbishoprick viz. that of St. Domingo Suffragan to whom are St. Jago in Cuba St. John de Port-rico and Coro in Terra Firma Universities None The Inhabitants of this Island being mostly Spaniards with some French are the same in Manners with those on the Continent The Inhabitants of this Island being Spaniards and some French as aforesaid do still retain and use their respective maternal Tongues This Island being wholly subject to the Crown of Spain except the Western Parts now possess'd by the French is rul'd by a particular Governor appointed by his Catholick Majesty whose Power doth extend it self over all the Antillos belonging to Spain The Inhabitants of this Island whether Spaniards or French are of the same Religion with those on the Old Continent § 6. Porto-Rico THIS Island was term'd S. Johannis Insula by Columbus at his first Discovery thereof and Boriquen by the Natives but now Porto-Rico from its chief City and Haven of that Name The Soil is tollerably good in many Parts and Air abundantly temperate except those Months immediately before and after the Summer and Winter Solstice From hence are exported Sugar-Canes Ginger Cassia and good store of Hides Here grow divers remarkable Trees and some poysonous Shrubs upon the Sea-side The whole Island belonging to the Crown of Spain is rul'd by a particular Governor sent thither by his Catholick Majesty and the Inhabitants thereof being Spaniards are the same in Manners Language and Religion as elsewhere either upon the Old or New Continent §. 7. The Caribee Islands THE Caribees are reckon'd that goodly Company of Islands beginning at the 〈◊〉 of Porto-Rico and reaching Southward almost to Terra Firma They derive their Appellation from the Nature of their Inhabitants who when first discovered were generally Canibals the name Caribees being of the same importance Taken all together they come nearest in Form to the Segment of a great Circle and are in number about thirty The chief of which proceeding from North to South with their present Possessors are as followeth VIZ. Anguilla At present possessed by The English but little esteem'd St. Martin The French and Dutch Sancta Crux The French Barbada The English but of small Account St. Christophers The English and French Nievis or Mevis The English Antego The English Montserrat The English but mostly inhabited by Irish Guadalupa The French Marigalant The French Dominica The English and Natives Martinico The French Barbado's The English St. Lucia The French St. Vincent The English and Dutch especially the latter Grenada The French Tobago The English Of all the Caribee Islands belonging to the English the most remarkable upon several accounts is Barbado's Of it therefore in particular BARBADO's THIS Island is term'd by the Spaniards Barbadas by the French Barbade or Barboude by the Italians Germans and English Barbado's But why so call'd we can give no account the Name being an Indian Appellation It was discovered in the Reign of King James 1. by Sir William Curten driven upon its Coast by stress of Weather Meeting with no Inhabitants at his arrival and finding the Nature of its Soil to be inviting The English upon his return sent some Planters thither who for want of Trade were reduc'd to great extremity till about the Year 1627 when they began to Plant it to purpose The Air of this Island is very hot and moist especially for eight Months yet in some measure qualifi'd by cold Breezes of Wind which rising with the Sun blow commonly from North-East by East unless there happen a Turnado and grow fresher as the Sun mounteth up The opposite Place of the Globe to Barbado's is part of the East-Indian Ocean between 130 and 140 Degrees of Longitude with 12 and 18 Degrees of South Latitude This Island not above eight Leagues in length and five in breadth where broadest is bless'd with a Soil â—â—â—derfully fertil Generall taken 't is not above one 〈…〉 thick yet that small depth of Earth resembles in a 〈…〉 continued hot Bed being almost every where grounded with white spongy Lime-Stones which retain and reflect the solar Heat piercing through the over-spreading Mould Whereupon the Island beareth Crops all the Year round and its Trees Plants and Fields appear always green Both in this and the Island Jamaica were formerly Mountain Cabbage-Trees of a prodigious height The length of the Days and Nights in Barbado's is the same as in those Parts of New Spain lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are Sugars Indico Cotton-Wooll Ginger Logwood Fustick Lignum Vitae c. and those in such abundance that some hundred Sail of Ships do yearly receive their Loadings here In the Island of Barbado's are Ants of a very big size who build their Nests with Clay and Lome against the Body of a Tree or Wall of an House and that to the bigness of ordinary Bee-Hives and those divided into a great many Cells 2 Here are some Snakes of a considerable length and bigness that frequently slide up and down the Wall of an House and out of one Room into another with wonderful Agility of Body 3. The Water of that Rivulet commonly call'd Tuigh River hath upon its Surface in many places a certain Oily Substance which being carefully taken off and kept a little time is sit to burn in Lamps like ordinary Oil. 4. Here are divers large and hideous Caves some of which are big enough to contain five hundred Men and several remarkable Trees particularly the Calibash Palmete Roucou and that which goes by the Vulgar Name of the Poyson-Tree 5. Among some rare Insects to be seen upon this Island we may reckon those small Flies term'd Cayouyou most observable and that chiefly for their Wings which give a mighty Lustre in the Night-time while they fly Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Inhabitants of this Island excluding the Negroes being mostly English are much the same in Behaviour and Manner of living with those here in England What was said of the Inhabitants in respect of Manners the same may be assirm'd of them in Point of Language As for the Negroes the generality of them if any considerable time upon the Island do also understand and speak English This Island belonging to the Crown of England is rul'd by a particular Governor appointed and sent thither by His Majesty the King of Great Britain He with his Council do discuss all Matters of 〈…〉 and the better to quell any Insurrection 〈…〉 be made especially by the Slaves he still keeps a 〈…〉 considing of two