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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A39317	The curious distillatory, or, The art of distilling coloured liquors, spirits, oyls, &c. from vegitables, animals, minerals and metals ... containing many experiments ... relating to the production of colours, consistence and heat ... : together with several experiments upon the blood (and its serum) of diseased persons, with divers other collateral experiments / written originally in Latin by Jo. Sigis. Elsholt ; put into English by T.S. ...; Destillatoria curiosa. English	Elsholtz, Johann Sigismund, 1623-1688.; Sherley, Thomas, 1638-1678.	1677 (1677)	Wing E638; ESTC R16178	39,136	125

adulteratur alio ligno simili quod aquam croceo colore inficit ne quis fallatur That is there is sent from New-Spain a certain kind of thick Wood without Knotts like the substance of a Pear-Tree it hath been long made use of in these parts against the distempers of the Kidnies and the difficulties and inconveniences of making Urine Afterwards it was found by experience that its Water was beneficial in the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen It is prepared after this manner The Wood being shaved and smal cut let it be steeped in the best and clearest Fountain Water and left in it till it be consumed by those that drink it Half an hour after the Wood is put into the Water the Water will contract a pale Blew which is heightned by degrees according to the time it remains in it and yet the Wood is White or rather Brown I therefore mention this Blewness because it is counterfeited with another Wood like it which gives the Water a Saffron Colour lest any body should be deceived This 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or knack is now a daies commonly known and certainly except it were so well known it w●uld be more esteemed Of which Fire is an Example which although there be nothing more admirable then the nature of it yet we despise it as a common thing which were it brought from the remotest parts of the Indies and suddenly and unthought-of shewed to us I doubt not with how much amazement we should contemplate it Experiment 1. Being about therefore to search if that Golden Blewish Colour would remain with the same constancy in passing over the Alimbeck I cast into a Glass Body the infusion together with the rasped shavings of Lignum Nephriticum and drew it off The Distilling Water although it lost both the Colours and was become clear yet for all that I observed that it breathed forth a grateful rosinous Odour But the Scent of the Shavings themselves might be observed to be much more pleasing although the crude Wood of it self was almost 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 without Scent Experiment 2. We substituted in the place of Fountain Water Spirit of Wine which being poured upon the shavings in like manner became of a double Colour But being drawn over by the Alimbeck it became White like common Water And because I easily foresaw that I could do nothing further with this Wood by distillation with an Alimbeck I desisted yet nevertheless I tryed other ways and the Experiment which follows was produced thereby Experiment 3. We distilled some drops of Oyl of Tartar per deliquium into the Golden Blewish Coloured Infusion made with common Water and we perceived both the Colours remained constant Experiment 4. We poured into the same Infusion Spirit of Vitriol drop by drop and the aforesaid blewish Colour vanished the Yellow one only remaining Experiment 5. We tryed the same with Spirit of Salt Sulphur Nitre c. and the Golden Colour continued the Blew one disappearing as it did happen in Experiment the 4th A clear sign that the acid Salt by its penetrative power did infringe and otherways dispose those Particles which the Vrinous and as it were blunt Salt of Tartar could not infringe or otherwise dispose Experiment 6. Many considerable Remarks are produced concerning this Nephritick Wood by that careful and industrious searcher after Nature Mr. Boyle in his Book of Colours Experiment the 10. and in those which follow which worthily deserve to be read But I may repeat one of them here which concerns the redintegration of the once lost Blew Colour But because the Authors Relation is a little too long I will repeat it with more brevity Drop into the double coloured Infusion of the Wood a few drops of the Spirit of Wine Vinegar so the Blew Colour will vanish the Saffron one remaining Upon this pour a little Oyl of Tartar per deliquium and immediately the Blew Colour will return and the Infusion will appear as before of two Colours perhaps by the acidity of the Salt the Particles are broke and returned to their former position which were kept under by the heavy Oyl of Tartar CHAP. X. Of the Dregs of Wine of wild Carnations or Pinks and Parsley OLd Wine deposits two sorts of Excrements to wit Dregs and Tartar The Dregs are the grosser and earthly parts of the Wine which after fermentation it lets fall like Slime and Mudd to the Bottom of the Vessel it not being void of a useful saltness from whence the Wine gains strength So that taken from this root as it were and put into another Vessel it will not endure any long time but will easily degenerate Concerning the usefulness of these Faeces or Dregs we have a testimony in Brandy or Spirit of Wine which the Vintners and Distillers make from them That we may omit other uses now which are not unknown to the common people But this we suppose is hardly taken notice of by every body that an Oyl is to be prepared from these Faeces or Dregs which ascends the Alimbeck of a Green Colour In this Operation 't is to be observed that that Oyl is most green which distilleth last but this Greenness doth vanish with length of time Nay presently if you rectify the Oyl it being changed into a Yellowishness Let the distilling vessels be well covered with Tin lest you suppose the Tincture doth arise from the erotion of the Copper in its passage Many affirm that from the pressings or husks of Grapes an Oyl may be likewise made after the same manner which will ascend Green Wild Pinks or Carnations whilest they are in Flower and running up to Seed if the whole Plant be fresh gathered cut small and distilled after the usual manner there commonly swims on the top of the Water drawn by the Alimbeck a Greenish Oyl You will find the same thing to be true with the Garden Smallage or Parsley distilled after the same manner if you have wrought aright but this Greenness is but temporary and of small duration But the Oyls of Chervil and Parsley which are to be seen in the Shops are wont to be prepared by long fermentation and are of a deep Gold Colour which they constantly retain CHAP. XI Of wild Flower-de-luce IT is called Iris and receiveth its name from the similitude it hath to the Rainbow it being variously painted with the colours of divers Flowers From the Form of the Roots it may conveniently be divided into Classes the first of which is contained under that of the Bulbous or round rooted and are in number twenty the other sort is tuberous or full of swellings and of this sort truly there is but one The third sort is Geniculate knotted or jointed on the stems of which there is about sixty four the jointed are are subdivided into broad leav'd narrow leav'd and dwarfs First the broad leav'd which is called by Casper Bauhinus the common wild German Flower-de-luce which is so well known

upon Humane blood whilst it was yet warm and newly drawn out of the Veins by Phlebotomy observing that by instilling those Mineral Spirits the Blood hath undergone various mutations of which kind are Ebullitions or boyling and bubling Attenuation or becomming thinner grumescence curdling or coagulation and the exaltation or heightning of its colour or the obscuration darkning or hiding of it and many the like variations But before Humane blood let out by opening a Vein do lose its heat and begin to thicken there useth to swim upon it a Liquor heretofore taken for Bile or Choler now esteemed its Serum or Whey Certainly it is not so bitter that it can deserve the name of Gall or Choler neither is it so thin that it altogether deserves to be called Whey or Serum If it be taken up gently in a Silver Spoon and without the mixture of the bloody substance if it be held a little while over warm Embers or Coals it will be coagulated like to the white of an Egg boyl'd both as to its substance and colour and is also almost like it in taste As to what concerns its colour I have taken notice of this difference that in many it is perfectly white in others it is palish in others it tendeth towards yellowness which variety may depend either from the temperament or from the healthy and infirm state of the Body or from those things which are received into the Body for it appeareth that some portion of the Chyle is not changed altogether into Blood If you put in of the aforesaid Mineral Spirits by drops upon this Chylous Serum put into several Vessels there will also appear various Phaenomena which will be useful for a careful Physician to take notice of In these kind of examinations our very much honour'd Collegiate that excellent man Dr. Godfredus Leisnerus when he was living did lately take much pains who himself writ these following Observations and a little before he yielded to Fate communicated them to me to be divulged in this place Observation 1. Mr. N. N. by birth of Clive of thirty years of age he was Scorbutick had red Spots and Pustils in his Face a heaviness and weariness in his Ioints and a numness a flushing in his Face after drinking strong Wine or strong Beer or the Swalbasher Spaw Water and was obnoxious to bleeding Gums and the like after having take Pills upon the 28 day of Iuly 1671. He was let Blood in the left Arm and had about seven Ounces taken from him in three Porringers The Blood was very hot in its flowing forth the day before he had drank Wine largely after which he was cold his Blood had much Serum and the grumous and curdled parts were very red and would easily be divided by a Twig in the bottom it was of a bright Bay colour the Serum poured off was of the colour of Lee like Vrine of a Citron colour tending to red It was divided into twelve Dishes and the Liquors being mixed with it things appeared thus First With Spirit of Nitre dropt on it it presently coagulated into a substance like cheese from the top to the bottom of the Liquor in that space the Spirit was dropt into This Curd was white on the top but towards the bottom yellow like Sulphur the rest of the Serum swimming about it was clear but dropping in Spirit of Nitre it also became of a Cheesy substance some of the Liquor which remained poured out clear like water upon inclining of the Vessel Secondly The sweet Spirit of Nitre being drop'd on made no alteration but after a short time the upper half of the Liquor grew altogether clear but the lower half was a little troubled yet so that there could scarce any difference be discerned but by curious Chymical eyes Thirdly Spirit of Salt did presently pervade the Liquor not only in that place where it was drop'd in but through the whole circumference of the Liquor and about the bottom precipitated a white coagulum but not stiff Fourthly The sweet Spirit of Salt did trouble the Liquor a little but in a short time there was a separation made like the cream of Milk which swam at the top Fifthly Spirit of Vitriol did precipitate a White Curd equally from all parts to the bottom almost Analogous to the curd made with the sweet Spirit of Salt but thinner Sixthly Aqua-fortis did altogether agree with the Spirit of Nitre both in the whiteness of the Curd its yellowish bottom and the clearness of the Liquor which was left uncoagulated Seventhly Spirit of Sulphur converted the whole Liquor into a white coagulum or Curd except a few drops which were left Eightly The Clyssus or the Sulphureous acid Spirit of Antimony being dropped in precipitated to the bottom of the Liquor a Curd which was on one side White and Cheesy and on the other side transparent and like a Ielly Ninthly Arcanum Nitri that is the Solution of the Salt of the caput Mortuum of Aqua-fortis or its red Earth left in the bottom of the Retort dropped in at the beginning it did presently fall to the bottom of the Liquor in which it was put nor would it be mixed with it so that it might be very well discerned from it but after an hour or two the Liquor was of an bigher Colour and there settled in the bottom of the Vessel a troubled Sediment which upon slightly shaking of the Glass united again with the Liquor Tenthly The Salt Spirit of Sal Armoniack did introduce no alteration at all in the Liquor neither in its Colour nor in its consistence Eleventhly The fixed Liquor of Nitre did thicken and trouble this Liquor and precipitated to the bottom a certain Saltish Curd the Liquor which swam at the top was very clear Observation 2. A Young man who was descended of consumptive Parents and was himself consumptive with much coughing casting out both Blood and Matter a Vein being opened there was taken from him about eight Ounces of Blood The grumous Blood was of a florid Colour Thin and had much Serum which being poured out into little dishes it brought off with it from the top of the Blood a little redness this subsided and fell to the bottom in a days time 1. Spirit of Nitre And 2. Sweet Spirit of Nitre both produced the same effects as in the former Observation 3. Spirit of Salt did the same but with this difference that the Coagulum was more Phlegmatick on the top of it and as it were a Ielley 4. The Sweet Spirit of Salt did the same as in the former Observation but the Cream was thicker 5. Spirit of Vitriol And 6. Aqua-fortis did the same as in the former Observation 7. Spirit of Sulphur made a Coagulum like Spirit of Salt but a little thinner and more like Ielley 8. The Clyssus made a white and thick Curd 9. Arcanum Nitri And 10. The Salt Spirit of Sal Armoniack And 11. The Liquor of fixed Nitre

that it is called in the Shops our Orris or flower-de-luce They commonly reserve only its root from whence they make juice Oyl by infusion and a Powder called Faecula The blewish Flowers are beheld for their neatness but never preserved or kept Moreover Ioachimus Camerarius in his Notes upon Petr. Andrea Mathiolus German Herbal which was printed 1590 at Frankfort to wit upon the first Book cap. 1. fol. 2. layeth down an observation concerning these blew Flowers worthy our noting in these words Das Basser aus den Blumen der schonen jris destilliret ist gut fur die Bassersucht and i st solches viel ●rafftiger Wann also dasselbe destilliret wird dak es der blvmen natvrlich Iarbe behalte tvie den solches ohne allen frembden Busa Bivictlich geschehen-san Water says he distilled from Flower-de-luce Flowers is available in the Dropsy and is the more efficacious if it be so distilled that it retains the native colour of the Flowers as also it may easily be perform'd without any strange additament And truly except we will impute the crime of falshood to Camerarius there is a way to be found by which a blew Water may be distilled from that Plant but the way of doing this Camerarius himself ought to have discovered to have freed himself from censure lest there arise a suspition in the Readers that the thing is done by the Artifice mention'd above in Chap. 4. for whether or no the Water distilled by the common method will be Blew we have not yet had leasure to try Curcuma or Turmerick roots are vulgarly known but the entire Plant few are acquainted with The figure or picture shews it to be Indian Saffron to which the name of Curcuma is added also it is clearly described by Iacob Bontius in lib. 6. Histor. Oriental cap. 30. put out by Gulielmus Piso in his Works printed 1658. He attributes to it the Leaves of white Hellebore and purple Flowers with a fruit prickly or like the outward hairy barks of Chessnuts which includes a Seed of the form of a Pea. If there be poured well rectified Spirit of Wine upon the Powder of common Turmerick the Liquor being distilled somewhat swifter than ordinary will be of a light yellow Colour which yellowness will continue so long only as it shall be kept in a cold and shady place but it is easily dissipated and caused to vanish by the rayes of the Sun or any other heat But if any do contend that this yellowness is caused by the coming over of very small particles of the Turmerick with the Spirit by reason of the swiftness of the distillation I will not stiffly deny it CHAP. XII Of Sun-dew SOme Plants comprehend many Species or kinds under them as Tulips Hawk-weed Cranes-bill Orchis or Dog-stones Treacle Mustard and Grass Others contain no variety of kinds in as much as we hitherto know of as Annise Cymbalaria or Bastard-Italian-Navelwort Wall-Rue Matthiolus his Orpine Others hold a middle betwixt these and contain but few Species or sorts As Goats-Rue Liquoriss Celandine And the last of the three is the most ample containing under it amongst other sorts a Plant of a most excellent structure which from a dewy Liquor which stands upon the leavs of it even when the Sun is hottest in Summer is commonly called Ros Solis or Sun-dew Nor do our Botanists know more then two species or sorts of it of which one sort is called Sun-dew with the round Leaf and is the most usually known in the Shops The other which is rarer with us is wont to be called Sun-dew with the longest Leaf Experiment 1. Take either of the sorts of this Plant fresh and new gather'd and let it be the whole Plant and in the middle of Summer gather'd in a hot clear Air after you have made it all clean cut it and sprinkling it with a small quantity of Water let it be bruised then put it into a Glass Body and without addition distil it by an Alimbeck There will come over not without the delight of the Beholders a Golden Liquor tending towards redness Experiment 2. We would try the same also with the dryed Plant pouring Spirit of Wine upon it after standing some hours by the help of a Bath we distilled it with Glass Vessels observing which was a pleasant Spectacle the Liquor distilled by the Alimbeck was of a Gold colour Concerning the causes of this effect if I may guess I believe the Sun-dew is so composed that it abounds with volatile Salt which in the time of distillation doth joyn it self with the Rosiny Particles which are dispersed through the whole Plant for if you behold its external face any manner of way you will easily discern it to grow reddish from goldishness Moreover this must happen from a peculiar proportion of Salt because there are not wanting many Herbs which are both reddish and rosiny whose distilled Waters nevertheless do not in the least look reddish or yellowish After we had made these our Experiments we happened upon Conradus Kunraths Medulla Distillatoria who in the fifteenth Tract written upon Ros Solis propounds after his custom a tedious method of making Medicines out of this Plant and amongst other things asserts that the distilled Water of it is yellow and that there is to be prepared from it a Quintessence which is a Panacea in all manner of diseases Which thing we will leave to its Author or rather to Isaac Hollandus out of whose Book intituled De Opere Vegetabili all that Kunrath hath writ seems to be taken CHAP. XIII Of Blew Pimpernel and of Curcuma or Turmerick THe Family or kind of Pimpernels may be conveniently divided into two Classes The first contains those Pimpernels called Sanguisorbae or Burnet of which there are four sorts to wit the greater the lesser which is hairy or rough the lesser which is smooth and that which is without scent Of the latter sort are those Pimpinels commonly known by the name of Pimpinella Saxifraga of which five kinds are reckoned up by Bouhinus in Pinac that is the greater with the white boss or Top the other greater the greater with the red boss or Tuft and the lesser with the thin Leaf To which may be added those which were unknown to Bouhinus Pimpinella Cadanensis Maxima of Iacobus Cornutus and the Pimpinella Maxima Cadan with the long red spire or ear and that with the red ear conglomorated or heaped together of Robert Morisons also Pimpinella Agnimonoides of the Physick Garden of Padua But besides all the aforementioned there is another sort which grows with us in the Fields near the City which for certain reasons we call the Blew Pimpinel the same also may be found near Steinford a place six Miles distance from hence where it is propagated in the Physick-Garden of the Court and also at Frankfort by the way side If you regard its Figure it doth not seem to belong to those sort of Pimpinels called Sanguisorbes but to

And if these as it were Atomes shall by length of time be united they will be carried to the top of the Liquor and there will shew themselves small Oyly drops of a Golden colour leaving the Water clear although that Oyl if it be somewhat more plentiful doth usually at last fall to the bottom Nor ought this so to be interpreted as if this milky Colour were only proper to Cinamon water for it appeareth also in the Water of Cloves Nutmegs and the rest of waters drawn from Spices But I thought fit to name Cinamon above the rest because as we said a little before it doth excel other Waters And also because it is more frequently used every where CHAP. XV. Of Corrals THere are three kinds of Corrals Red Black and White The White may also conveniently be distinguished into branched starred joynted and that which is warty or knobby There is also a sort of Corral which is Red without and Black within But that which is prised above the rest in Medicine is the Red called the Male Corral of which Pedac Dioscorides lib. 5. cap. 139. Thus Sea Corral is a Shrub which drawn to the top of the Water growth hard presently and swims and as it is incompassed with aire it concretes or hardens Much of it is found in a Promontory by Syracuse The name of which is Pachyno The most commended is the Red sort of the Colour of a Daffidil stalk or of the deep coloured Sardix or Orient bright Purple Being of a long and round figure easy to break and of a like hardness in every part of it again it is of the scent of Oreweed or Sea-grass It is very full of small branches and is like in form to the Shrub Cinamon The like description to this Pliny hath lib. 32. Histo. Natur. but that he erroneously alledgeth that these Berries or litle Balls which are worn for ornament about womans Necks do grow of their own accord on this small Sea tree for it is sufficiently known at this day that they are made by Turning and that also might as well have been known heretofore Of the same reddish Beads is to be understood the most antient of Poets Orpheus in his peculiar verses of Corral in which he elegently prosecutes the vertues of it and the Fables of it also Concerning this bright sparkling Corral whether or no the true tincture of its genuine Colour can be extracted hath been already examined The Solutions made with Iuice of Lemmons or of Barberries although they delight us with a false shew yet they will not answer the thing designed Neither also will those Liquors which after abstraction remain of a Red Colour in the bottom of the Vessel Of this sort may be seen many Processes or Methods in Anselm Boetius lib. 11. Histor. Gemm Lapid cap. 154. But many more in Io. Lodov. Gansius Histor. Corral caput 7. Also amongst other late Authors The business consists in this point that a reason may be shewed how without the addition of any suspected thing there may be drawn either by Alimbeck or Retort a Red Liquor from Corrals that is a Genuine and true Tincture Expirement 1. The forecited Io. Lodov. Gansius sect 8. doth testifie that it was sometime observed by the famous Physitian of his time Iac. Zuingerus That a Tincture might be drawn by distillation in an Alimbeck if the Corral being made into a very fine Calx or Powder and being well digested with Spirit of Wine it be distilled nine times first with a gentle distillation afterwards forced over with a vehement heat so that the Water will come forth first Yellow and at last Red which is believed to be the Tincture Experiment 2. The same Gansius in the same chap. sect 16. hath this following Let the Powder of Corral be calcined with Spirit of Salt then wash the Calx with distilled water that the saltishness may be taken away After which extract it by adding Spirit of Wine Let the extractions poured back again upon the Corrals be distilled so long till the Tincture ascends by the Alimbeck From this separate the Spirit by a Balneo Note in this place that what is extracted is always to be circulated ten days space and after each time to be cohobated or poured back again and distilled This is to be done six times always adding new Spirit The Red Colour is said to come forth in the fifth distillation and in the sixth a Powder altogether Red will remain at the bottom Experiment 3. Agreeable to this way is that of Conradus Kunrath in his Medulla Distillatoria Tract 10. written upon Corral which therefore at this time we will not repeat but leave untouched Experiment 4. Daniel Sennertus lib. 5. institut Medic. pag. 3. sect 3. cap. 9. laies down the following way Let Corral dissolved in Vinegar be impregnated with Spirit of distilled Vinegar till the Salt will receive no more of that Spirit which is performed thus To one pound of Corrals add two ounces of the strongest Vinegar and distil it gently there will only distil from it an insipid phlegm The second time add to the Corrals three ounces of Vinegar and distil it again and so proceed every time adding of one Ounce of Vinegar more than formerly and continuing this so long till the Vinegar distil as sharp and strong from the Salt of Corral as it is put upon it Let the Salt so impregnated be digested for thirty days in Balneo Mariae or a Bath of hot Water and afterwards distill it in a close Reverberatory by a Retort but so that the Phlegm may be received first by it self and then the White Spirits by themselves till all the Spirits are come forth together with an Oyl Red as Blood This Spirit is to be rectified by an Alimbeck and the Red Oyl will remain at the bottom But this Spirit poured upon fresh Corral doth extract a Red Tincture like to Gum Lacca which if it be again freed from this Spirit by distillation and the Corrals be joyned with Spirit of Wine or some Cordial Water and by distilling and cohobation it will be made volatile and will then be the Tincture of Corral Experiment 5. Also this following is a compendious way Take of Red Corrals three ounces and of Sugar half a pound being finely bruised and mixed distil them in a Retort and you will see a Red Liquor to come forth But it is not to be doubted concerning these Operations that this Redness is hardly due to the Corrals but is more owing to the Spirit of Salt Salt of Vinegar Sugar and the like additions and much of it also to long digestions Insomuch that these sort of Tinctures are rather to be taken for Analogous then Genuine until the Fates grant us the true one And truly whilst I am writing this there is come to my hand the Epistle of that most excellent man Dr. Ioel Langelot chief Physitian of the Duke of Holsteen my most Noble Friend De quibusdam

there you will be supplyed with a reason very different from these by which Colours may be so changed and that with a most delightful variety to behold that adding what is necessary to be added there will suddenly result and appear new Colours 1. As Spirit of Turpentine though of it self it be clear if it be poured upon Saecharum Saturni or Sugar of Lead which is also of it self exceeding White if it be digested upon it will in a small time become a Tincture intercely or extremely Red. 2. Also Spirit of Turpentine if it be mixed with Water and strongly shook together will look like Milk although this milkiness is not lasting but this oyly Spirit ascending to the superficies is diminished or plainly vanisheth again The like of which happens if Oyl of Olives be mixed with the Lixivium or Lees of Vine Ashes 3. Distilled Oyl of Aniseeds which is wont to coagulate and grow thick with the cold Air if a Leaf of white Paper be anointed with it and a few drops of Oyl of Vitriol be poured upon it it will presently grow Red I say the Oyl of Vitriol not the Spirit 4. Syrup of Violets which is of its self of an obscure Purple Colour is changed into a vivid and brisk red if you mix by drops with it Spirit of Vitriol which knack is now known to all the Apothecaries Shops if you shall add Oyl of Tartar to this a Green Colour will emerge from thence which will perish and be lost again If you add Spirit of Vitriol to it again 5. Syrup of Piony Flowers if you mix Salt of Vitriol with it will become wholly Black the same happens to Syrup of Clove Iuly-Flowers if in the time of boyling it be stirred with an Iron Spatula 6. Tincture of Coral prepared with distilled Vinegar mixed with the Tincture of Dasey Flowers there will result from thence a Liquor of an obscure Blew 7. If you mix Silvius's Sal volatile or the like Vrinous Spirit in small quantity with the same Tincture of Dasyes or Roses there will arise an obsure Blew Colour but if you drop in a little more it will be made an obscure Red Neither can you make that Red Colour clear although you should add more Spirit or Volatile Salt to it It therefore follows that acid or sour Spirits do strike a red Colour with clearness but urinous ones with obscureness 8. A Solution of Lead made with distilled Vinegar appeareth clear like common Water If you shall add to this Oyl of Tartar per deliquium which is also clear as Water the mixture will presently grow White as Milk 9. If Antimony which is calcin'd with Nitre be boyl'd in Fountain Water the straining will be clear and almost without smell which nevertheless by pouring any Acid upon it will acquire a Saffron Colour with a stinking scent 10. Common Water in which Mercury Sublimate hath been infused doth presently grow Yellow by dropping into it Oyl of Tartar The solution of calcin'd Tin mixed with dissolved Salt of Tartar becomes Blew Dr. Willis lib. de Ferment cap. 11. 11. Quicksilver and Sal Armoniack ground together and sublimed in a bolt Head with a heat of Sand will become a white Powder which suffer'd to dissolve by it self in the Air will produce a clear Liquor like Spring Water which for all its clearness if Copper or Brass be moistned with it they will appear silver'd and if Copper Vessels be slightly rub'd with it it will render them as if they were perfectly silver'd although this be rather an incrustation or coating of them over 12. But a Powder to gild with is made thus Dip fine Lint made of Linne-Cloath in Aqua Regis in which Gold is dissolved and having cast it into a Crucible make a Circular Fire about it at a distance and so by degrees reduce it into a Powder But towards the end increase the heat by bringing the Fire nearer to the Crucible and at last if you please take out the Powder and free it from durt by pouring Water upon it it will be without splendor or shining and is of a Violet colour but if you rub it upon Silver the genuine splendor of Gold will appear which afterwards will be made more splendid and shining by polishing 13. Lignum Acanthinum or the Wood which is brought from Brazil infused in common water will communicate a pleasant redness to it like that of red Wine If you pour upon this a little distill'd Vinegar the Liquor will appear clear like white Wine but a few drops of Oyl of Tartar reduces the Colour to a deep Purple after which if you drop in Spirit of Vitriol it will be yellow like Sack if you cast on it Salt of Lead dissolved per deliquium or in the Aire the mixture will be whitish like Milk Dr. Willis lib. de Ferment cap. 11. proposeth this Experiment every Branch of which will answer the Trial but the fourth for we by adding Spirit of Vitriol could not produce a pale Yellow but made a certain obscure Blew Colour 14. Have in a readiness a solution of Vitriol and likewise by it self an infusion of Galls If you pour both of them together you will make Writing Ink. Add Spirit of Vitriol to this and the Blackness will clear up then cast in Oyl of Tartar and after a little working and heat there will appear a light Red or bright Bay Colour which by mixing Spirit of Vitriol again will be taken away all clearing up again And you may reiterate this Circle as often as you do by turns put in Oyl of Tartar or Spirit of Vitriol So that as often as you please you may render the Liquor of a light Red or Bay Colour or else clear again 15. It is also a pleasant Metamorphosis which is proposed by the excellent Mr. Daniel Major the Famous Professor of the Vniversity of Denmark Lib. de Chirurg Infusar Dub. 9. to this purpose Pour into a good transparent Glass the Saphire colour'd Water made by the help of Spirit of Sal Armoniack being put into a Brass Bason Afterwards add the common Clyssus of Antimony and the mixture being shook it will become clear but if you add to it Oyl of Tartar it will be restor'd to its former Blewness 16. Take one Ounce of the solution of Crabs eyes made with distilled Vinegar drop into it of the Salt Spirit of Sal Armoniack 120 drops and you shall perceive the matter to grow Milky and a white Powder will fall to the bottom if by turns you pour upon this Liquor as many drops of Ioac Polemanus his Tincture of the Blood-stone after some bubling the Powder which lay in the bottom will be dissolved again and the whole will be changed into an exceeding Red transparent Liquor indowed with a grateful Saline taste 17. The change of light doth also cause a new Colour to appear So we have observed the Flowers of Convolvulus or Bird-weed that sort with the Blew Flower and Ivy-shaped

by an Alimbeck the Alimbeck will contract a stink Thus far Leonicerus Although I do not deny that this way of distilling Gnats is partly obscure and partly defective CHAP. VI. Experiments appearing in Vegetables THere goes about a Story of a great Person that was very curious who having called together to him certain Alchymists shewed them divers Simples which having mixed together he caused them to be committed to distillation in their presence but it happened that the Liquor as it distilled did breath forth a grateful scent of Musk. When this Illustrious Person required of these Artists a reason of this Odor for they saw not the least Grain of Musk mixed with the Simples They afflicted themselves all day long and yet could produce no reason for the thing unless this Fragrant scent did arise from the mixture of the Simples in a certain proportion at length about the Evening the Nobleman discovered to them the fallacy to wit that unknown to them he had put Musk into the Nose of the Alimbeck As therefore we may counterfeit a Scent by putting into the Alimbeck Musk Civet or Odoriferous Flowers In like manner 't is possible to fain Colours since the Water in its passing carries along with it self the Tincture of those things which are imposed in the Alimbeck provided you light on such Spectators upon whom this Legerdemain or trick may pass 1. The most facile way of all is by putting Flowers into the Beak or Spout of the Alimbeck for example put in Blew-Bottle Flowers so the Water by passing through them will gain a Blew Colour Moreover this Pipe ought to be somewhat wider in its uppermost end and narrower in its lowermost as is to be seen in the Figure 3. This is a Spectacle for Mountebanks to shew upon a Stage Thus if there be four Cucurbits or Bodies full of Water all in one Furnace put an Alimbeck upon each of them let it be done so that the Alimbeck may only be seen and the Pipes or Beaks hid Let there be put into every Beak several Flowers for example Blew-Bottles Violets Marygolds Red-Roses Saffron Sanders c. suddenly by the help of the Fire the Liquors which are forced into the Receivers will obtain different Colours not without the admiration of the common People which stand by The same thing may be performed with those Bellyed Pipes put betwixt and covered 4. This also is for ostentation and shew If you take one or more Wallnuts made Hollow and Empty and fill them with the Spirit of the roots of Saphire coloured Pimpernel describ'd below in the 15th Chapter and stop them up lightly with wax Then before the Spectators take these Nuts thus filled and cast them into a vessel half full of Spirit of Wine and putting on an Alimbeck distill it in Sand from the heat within the Wax will be melted and the matter flowing out the clear Spirit will be so tinged that to admiration it will appear all Blew CHAP. VII Of Veronica or Fluellin BUt some body will answer Ah! but these are fallacies T is true But you must know that these ridiculous things are also necessary lest you be deceived your self and that you may be able to detect the fraud of others Aristotles Sentence concerning a wise man is this Qui ipse non mentitur alium mentientem facile deprehendit Who is not false himself and can easily discover the falshood of others But now passing over crafty cheats let us proceed to Operations which are Genuine and agreable to truth Veronica or Fluellin is a Plant known to all the Apothecaries and its Vertues both as to the Breast and Spleen also it s curing of Vlcers and Wounds are much cryed up to the Sick Whether it were known to the Antient Writers both Greek and Latin is uncertain Although Caesalpinus refers it to Diascorides Myosotida or Mouseare lib. 11. cap. 214. others make it another Plant. The kinds of it are commonly by Herbalists recorded to be eight amongst which the most usual is that which by Caspar Bauhinus is called Veronica Mas supina vulgatissima The Male Fluellin the Superior and most common There is prepared from it a Syrup Conserve Salt Wine and also distilled Water of the former nothing but concerning the Wine and the Water take a couple of Observations Experiment the first Take fresh Veronica when it begins to be in the Flower cut it and sprinkling it with a little Water cast it into a Glass Body and applying the like Alimbeck to it distil it by Balneo Mariae or Water So the Water which distills will not be white and limpid like to other Waters but Greenish This Greeness though it be not constant yet it will last at least three months and afterwards it will begin to vanish by degrees Experiment the second If in the place of Fountain Water you put on Wine and draw it the same way by Balneo you will then also have a Green Liquor but in which the Greenness is much deeper and will also continue for a year and longer Truly this neat Tincture which Veronica brings over the Alimbeck with it seems to be a Note or Character of the efficacy which is indulged to that Plant before a thousand others Let no Body here accuse Copper for giving this Tincture for if the distillation be made in Glass Vessels the Water of Veronica will be equally Green The latter way by Glasses is best to perform it and by that means it will clearly evidence that this Greenness doth not proceed from Copper but springs only from the peculiar Nature of the Plant. But concerning Vegetable Waters distilled by Copper Vessels not exactly Tyn'd we have observed this if they contain any thing of Copper by putting in a drop or two of the Salt Spirit of Sal Armoniack they will become Milky or White but if they have no Copper they will remain clear However the observation of Otto Tachenius an excellent Physitian of Venice may seem to look otherways concerning Rose-Water distilled by a Copper-Vessel which he proposeth chap. 19. Hippocr Chymic to this sence It doth eat off certain Atoms from the Copper which are invisibly mixed with the Water Would you see the Copper drop into the Water some drops of an Vrinous Alcaly and by it the whole Water will grow greenish because the acidity of the Rose Water doth with more greediness snatch to it self the light and more like it self Alcaly than the Metal which therefore by degrees falls Green to the Bottom Whilst I am writing this a certain not inexpert Man in the Art of distillation doth affirm that the Water of Sage and also of Rosemary will be Green as well as that of Veronica if they be managed with a certain dexterity and moderate swiftness The truth of which Experience will determine CHAP. VIII Of Camomil BOtanists or Herbarists are wont to reckon ten sorts of this Plant amongst which the most eminent are the common Camomil with the