side in a cold Season of the year when the fore Doors relating to the Surface of the Body are shut up the Fibres grow more tense and the Appetite rendred more eager The third and eminent qualification of the Stomach The third requisite of Hunger is a quick sensation flowing from the good disposition of the Nervous Fibrils placed in the inward Coat of the Stomach in order to the Appetite of Hunger proceedeth from a quick Sensation arising from a good disposition of the Nervous Fibrils seated in the inward Tunicle of the Stomach which is a fine Contexture of Minute Nerves lodged chiefly in the left Orifice which is the Prime if not the sole seat of Hunger whereupon the left Orifice of the Stomach groweth stupid in sleepy Distempers of the Head in Comatose and Carous Indispositions Lethargies Epilepsies Convulsive Motions Apoplexies and the like wherein the Appetite becometh faint and low by reason the acute sensation of the Stomach is lessened or wholly taken away Judicious Doctor Glysson Dr. Glysson attributeth Hunger to the Folds of the Stomach assigneth another reason of the Appetite of Hunger derived from the structure of the Stomach in relation to its divers Folds which are seated in the inward Coat of the Ventricle much exceeding the other in largeness whence it is contracted into divers Furrows and Unevennesses when it is empty whereupon the inward Tunicle of the Stomach being sensible of these Asperities as Troublesome hath a longing desire to replenish it self and fill up the empty spaces of the Folds to free it self from the trouble of its Corrugations The fourth requisite to dispose the Stomach to Hunger is the tenderness The fourth requisite of Hunger is the tenderness of the inward Coat of the Stomach and delicacy of the inward Coat as stripped of any senseless Covering but that of Mucous Matter with which it is lined so that the inward surface of the Ventricle when divested of Pituitous Matter is easily Vellicated as framed of a most soft Compage made up of Minute Fibrils which are easily molested by an Acid or rather Saline Ferment the immediate cause of Hunger The ultimate and most proper disposition of the Stomach in which the nature of Hunger principally consisteth is founded in a voracious temper of the inward Coat which is querulous and importunate The last disposition of Hunger is seated in a voracious temper of the inward Coat of the Stomach when it is bereaved of Alimentary Liquor which by its emollient temper doth soften and sweeten the Acid and Saline Particles of the Ferment contained in the Cavity of the Stomach in reference to Dissolution Colliquation and Extraction of a soft Milky Humour bathing the Asperities of the Folds and lining the tender surface of the inward Coat irritated by the Acid and Saline Particles the immediate cause of Hunger which taketh away the knawing of the Stomach and the troublesome sollicitation of the Appetite and giveth a high delight and refreshment to the Body and complacency to the Mind CHAP. XXII Of the Appetite of Thirst HAving discoursed of Hunger Thirst followeth as an Associate by reason these Companions go commonly hand in hand pleasing themselves in mutual Converse as Relatives These useful Appetites of Hunger and Thirst somewhat resembling Twins as being born near each other do court us to our own advantage of Refection and Delight to Treat our selves with Meat and Drink Natures Cates and Delicates as salutary and pleasant Instruments to preserve our Health and Life in order to celebrate the holy offices of Piety to our Maker acts of Justice to our Neighbour and due measures of Sobriety to our own Persons And that I may give you a good description of Thirst I take the boldness to offer you these Remarks The Subjectum attributionis inhaesionis The Object and Subject and its Qualifications the manner of Operation and Causes of Thirst Wherefore I conceive it my Duty as well as Design to make a diligent enquiry into it consisting in the said Premises as it is an Instrument administring great profit and pleasure in the conduct of our Health and Life And as Hunger is a useful Appetite Liquid bodies are the vehicle of Aliment instituted by Nature in order to the reception of Aliment so is Thirst Hungers confederate and ally versed in Liquid bodies ordained as a Vehicle of Aliment to wash down its Reliques through the Culet into the Stomach and to incorporate with the more solid Aliment to dispose it toward the opening its more firm Compage whereby it is rendred fit to have its fluid Alimentary Particles extracted and secerned from the groser Recrements And Thirst founded in moist substances is not only instituted by Nature in order to dilute the Alimentary Liquor in the Stomach but also to attenuate the Purple Liquor in the Vessels to assist it in necessary Motion as the immediate preservative of Life by rendring the Red Crassament and Crystalline Liquor of the Blood more fluid in order to refine themselves in their forward and retrograde Motion which are much prompted by a good proportion of thin Potulent Liquor which entreth into confederacy with the more gross Saline Sulphureous and Earthy Particles of the Blood making its address downward through the Descendent Trunk of Aorta and Emulgent Arteries into the Glands of the Kidneys where the Vital Liquor is depurated by the secretion of the Watry Recrements from it and discharged by the Urinary Ducts into the Pelvis as a common Sewer The Object which treateth the Appetite of Thirst in its Operation The object of Thirst may be placed in fluid Bodies are fluid substances and as moveable Bodies will easily gain a passage through the Gulet when it is contracted by its Muscles which squeeseth the Liquor downward into the Stomach which is very ambitious to give it a kind Reception and is complaced with its Company as imparting Joy and Satisfaction in a due support The antient Philosophers have placed the Object of Thirst The Antients have assigned Thirst to cold and moist in the first qualities of Cold and Moist which if well prepended cannot be easily maintained by the great Masters of Philosophy making the Element of Water the object of Thirst which is of too narrow a compass to confine our unlimited Appetite of Drinking and therefore our poor Family Liquor of Water cannot give Measures and Bounds to our overflowing Desires not to be determined in this unsober Age by one simple flat Drink by reason our Prodigal Appetite is now modelled by Custome and ill Habit and longeth after variety of Liquors extracted out of variety of Fruits Sider Perry Juice of Cherries Goose-berries Corrants and other pleasant Liquors made with Shorbet of Limons Oranges Violets as also Foreign Liquors of Tey Coffee Chocolate and many other Compound Liquors which would be infinite to recount and above all our boundless Thirst aspireth to Wine as the most generous Juice of the Grape
Relaxation of the Fibres rendring them unfit for action it indicates the opening of a Vein to sollicite the Motion of the Blood settled in the spaces of the Vessels and also Emollient and Cooling Apozems are to be advised to take off the Inflammation by softening the Tumour and attempering the Mass of Blood And in case an Inflammation do degenerate into an Abscess of the Stomach attended with gross and serous Recrements The Abscess and Ulcer of the Stomach is Cured by cleansing and drying and consolidating Diet Drinks it indicates cleansing and drying Medicines And as an Ulcer the consequent of an Abscess it supposeth a violated union of parts and requireth Consolidating Applications to reduce the broken Fibres to Union Tone and Vigor in order to their proper actions of Retention and Concoction of Aliment The Emaciation of the substance of the Stomach is Cured by cold and moist and Restorative Drinks In reference to an Emaciated indisposition of the Stomach as it ariseth from a hot and dry Temper in a Hectick Fever it is Obviated with Cold Moist and Restorative Drinks reducing the Blood and integrals of the Stomach to their natural Temper and Constitution The irregular distention of the Stomach The Inflation of the Stomach is Cured by Emollient and Discutient Medicines proceeding from an Inflation of Wind over-much streining and weakning the Carnous and Nervous Fibres doth denote Purging Emollient and Discutient Medicines to free the Stomach from its importunate Guests and to bring the Fibres to their former Temper and Strength to give them the advantage of Contracting themselves for the repose and due Fermentation of the Aliment A Cure also may be had The foulness of the Stomâ—ch is dischaâ—ged by Vomiting Purging and opâ—ning Medicines aâ—d Astringents at last to strengthen the Tone of the Stomach to take away the depraved Concoction of the Stomach depending upon the abundance of Cholerick Recrements floating in the Ventricles whereupon gentle Vomiting Purging and Aperient Medicines are to be advised to discharge the Stomach of its troublesome attendants and afterward bitter and astringent Apozems Testaceous Powders are to be given to strengthen the Tone of the Stomach to conserve its Contents till the Milky Tincture is extracted by a due Intestine Motion The Concoctive Faculty is not only disaffected by reason of the lost and weakned Tone of the Stomach but also by the distempered natural Heat by ill Ferments and by default of the Aliment As to the first The heaâ— of the Stomach doth denote cooling and tempâ—rate Julaps The Concoction is much discomposed sometimes by too intense and othertimes by too remiss Degrees of natural heat of the Stomach chiefly if not wholly derived from the Vital Spirits and heat of the Blood the cause of Life and Intestine Motion which if disordered in Fevers doth indicate cooling Medicines and temperate Cordial Julaps and Apozems which do attemper the Mass of Blood whose fiery Steams and Recrements are also very happily discharged by the Cutaneous Glands secerning the hot and impure parts of the Blood from the more temperate and pure through the Excretory Ducts and Pores of the Skin which may be safely promoted by gentle Diaphoreticks whereupon the disaffected heat of the Blood is reduced to its natural Temper and the Concoctive Faculty repaired As to the remiss Degrees of heat in the Stomach The cool and moist temper proceeding from serous Recrements is Cured by gentle Hydragogues and warm Diureticks they may spring from cold and moist Humors diluting the Blood in Hydropick Distempers whose Potulent Matter overchargeth and chilleth the Purple Liquor which may be discharged by gentle Hydragogues and warm Diureticks sometimes impraegnated with Acid and sometimes with Lixivial Salts and sometimes with fixed and saline Particles volatized by the Heat and Spirit and principally by the Volatil Salt of the Blood whence it being put into Fermentation caused by the active and pungent parts of different Salts hath recourse to the Kidneys in whose Glands a separation being made and the watry Liquor disserviceable to the Blood is discharged by the Urinary Vessels into the Pelvis and Ureters and the depurated Blood returned again by the Emulgent and hollow Vein into the Heart and so passeth by several Vessels of the Lungs and through the left Ventricle of the Heart into the descendent Trunk of the Aorta and Caeliack Artery into the Stomach whose heat is enlivened by the separation of the watry Recrements of the Blood in the Kidneys and by the temperate Drinking of moderate Astringent Wines which do chear up the remiss heat and strengthen the infirm Tone of the Stomach The ill Ferments of the Stomach the efficients of the bad Elaboration of Aliment is caused by gross Air affected by ill Steams by indisposed Salival Serous and Nervous Liquor First A good Air doth highly assist the Concoctive Faculty The Air is ill qualified when Stagnant in woody Countreys upon defect of Winds which purge it by Motion or when the Air is corrupted by gross Exhalations arising out of Fenny or Marish Ground or out of standing Waters as Lakes and great Ponds which grow putrid and stench the Air which is also spoiled by noisome Vapors exhaling out of dead and corrupted Bodies not interred or out of Grounds praegnant with ill and poisonous Minerals Wherefore my humble Advise is To make as good provision as may be by seating our selves upon the sides of Hills or dry Grounds in a free and serene Air or if our Houses be built by our Ancestors near Woods or rather in them to cut so much of them down to give an advantage of open Air which much attenuateth the Blood and assisteth Concoction as mixed with the masticated Aliment in the Mouth whereby it doth insinuate it self with it and open its Compage and fit it for a due Fermentation in the Stomach whereupon the alimentary Liquor is extracted by a separation of the faeculent parts from the more pure and beneficial to nature The Concoction also is very much frustrated The defect of salival Liquor is repaired by moist Medicines restorative Drinks and Broths and all kind of thin Suppings either by the defect of good quality in the salival Liquor or by its too sparing quantity when for want of its due proprtion solid Aliment remaineth hard so that it cannot be easily masticated in the Mouth wherein it is broken into small parts with great difficulty as being not diluted with salival Liquors a good Menstruum ordained by nature to assist the Teeth in the Comminution of nourishment which is found in Hectick Fevers and other Chronick hot Distempers of the Body exhausting the Serous Liquor of the Blood and salival Juyce flowing from it which is repaired by the assumption of restorative Drinks Broths Wine thin Apozems made with China and Sarsaparilla Emulsions made of cooling Seeds Barley Water and the like And the salival Liquor is an impediment to Concoction The ill
discharging the saline parts of the Blood by Urine made of the roots of Cuckowpintle Diureticks proper in the Scurvey Horse-Radish of the Leaves of Garden-Cresses Chervil Sowes prepared in Water and rhenish-Rhenish-wine The juyces of Scurvey-grass Anâ—iscorbutick Juyces Brooklime Water-cresses Chervil Garden-cresses Oranges Wood-sorrel because the last defaecate the Antiscorbutick Liquors some of which being depurated per residentiam may be taken in Ale Wine Posset-drink or Whey Or Expressions may be given with benefit made of Antiscorbuticks and of shavings of the Roots of Horse-radish Cuckow-pintle of the Leaves of Brooklime Watercresses Chervil Garden-cresses c. put into a Pipkin with White-wine or Rhenish Canary or Sherry c. and after a due infusion may be strained off and used Syrupes may be made of the Juyces of Brooklime Antiscorbutick Syrupes Water-cresses Chervil Garden-cresses Oranges depurated per residentiam and put into a Glass bottle close stopped and prepared B. M. with a due quantity of fine Sugar Distilled Waters may be prepared with the chips of Oranges Distilled Waters Limons Winterbark and with Leaves of Scurvey-grass Brooklime Water-cresses Chervil tops of Broom Garden-cresses Worms Snails Sows Nutmegs c. may be distilled in Milk Whey Mumm Sider to which may be added some white-White-wine in a Rose Still A Water may be prepared with Winterbark the Rind of Tamarisc the Chips of Oranges and Limons Roots of Horse-radish Cukowpintle c. In Winter when there are very few Green Herbs the Leaves of Garden and Sea Scorby-grass the tops of Broom Pine and Firr the middle Rind of Elder and Ash roots of Horse-radish Winterbark may be distilled in Ale Antiscorbutick Spirits Whey Milk Sider Mumm c. Spirits made of Scurvey-grass Water-cresses Horse-radish Cuckow-pintle Hartshorn Salt Armoniack succinated may be prepared and given in a few drops in some convenient Antiscorbutick distilled Water in Fainting Fits when the gross Blood is ready to stagnate in the chambers of the Heart or when it is highly dispirited in this Disease Ale or Wine medicated with chips of Oranges Limons and with the Leaves of Water-cresses Brooklime Pine Firr tops of Broom Coriander Seeds Nutmegs Sowes c. may be very advantageous in this Disease Or the roots of Docks Horse-radish Eryngium Medicatâ—d Ale good in Scurvey the Leaves of Agrimony Harts-tongue Chervil Garden-cresses chips of Oranges Limons Coriander Seed Nutmegs to which may be added the juyces of Oranges Brooklime Water-cresses Garden Scurvey-grass may be put into new Ale before it hath done working Testaceous Powders are also useful in this Malady made of Crabs Claws Testaceous Powders Crabs Eies Coral Pearl Egg-shels c. given in some Antiscorbutick Apozeme As also Powders prepared with Cuckowpintle and with the Leaves of Water-Germander Ground-pine Wood-lice Tartar c. may be given in some Antiscorbutick distilled water Electuaries are proper made of the Conserve of Water-cresses Brooklime Electuaries Wood-sorrel Fumitery to which may be added the Powder of Cuckow-pintle Wood-lice Salt of Prunell and Condited root of Eryngium Pills of Citron Oranges or Limons well pounded in a Mortar and Condited and made into the consistence of an Electuary with the Syrupe of the Five opening Roots drinking after every Dose of the Electuary a good draught of an Antiscorbutick Apozeme or distilled water mixed with some compound Horse-radish water Or an Electuary may be made of the Conserve of the Flowers or Fruit of Sweet-briar of the Leaves of Fumitery Wood-sorrel prepared with the Powders of Coral Crabs Eies Crabs Claws Pearl and made into the consistence of an Electuary with the Augustan Syrupe or that of Fumitery or Water-cresses drinking after it as above advised A Water made of Lime with Coriander-seeds Lime-water good in the Scurvey and other ingredients according to the common receipt may be of great use to open the obstructions of the Viscera and to refine the gross and depraved mass of Blood in scorbutick dispositions of Body Chalybeate Medicines as Powder of Steel prepared with Sulphur Chalybeat preparations or Syrupe of Steel prepared with its Salt or with crude Steel or the tincture of it prepared with Tartar may be given in some proper Antiscorbutick Apozemes or Distilled water and once in Four or Five days a draught of a gentle Purging Diet-drink or Pilulae tartareae Bontii or Quercetaâ—i or some proper Purging Powders or Bolus The purging Mineral Waters of Epsam or Dulige Barnet Northall Acton Purging Mineral Water Stratham c. As also the Mineral waters of Turnbridge Rotherfield Withiham Blackboys near Lewis c. which purge by Urine Diuretick Mineral Waters and open the obstructions of the Viscera and defaecate the mass of Blood from its acide saline and sulphureous Recrements the main causes of the Scurvey In reference to the Stomach bitter Medicines may be used Bitter Medicines are good for the Stomach in the Scurvey prepared with the roots of Gentian Centaury the less Wormwood Salendine the great Seeds of Carduus Citrons c. Elixir proprietatis may also be given in the Alexiterial milk-Milk-water or in Hocumor Rhenish wine or in any Decoction made of bitter ingredients Fomentations made with Centaury the less Wormwood Fomentations for the Stomach Berries of Bays Juniper Seeds of Flax Faenugreek the Flowers of Chamaemel Melilote boiled in Water to which at last Wine or Brandy may be added do corroborate the Stomach and discharge flatulent Matter lodged in the Stomach and Guts Hepatick Medicines in obstructions of the Liver In reference to the obstructions of the Liver Turmerick Salendine the great the Rind of Berberies the Leaves of Agrimony Harts-tongue shavings of Ivory may be boiled in water adding some Wine at last and it being strained may be sweetened with Syrupe of the Five opening Roots In point of a difficult Breathing Medicines proper for an Asthma complicated with the Scurvey Pectorals may be administred prepared with the Leaves of Dogs-grass Asparagus and the Leaves of Ground-Ivy Hysop Pine Firr Wood-lice c. boiled in Water and Wine and sweetened with Syrupe of Ground-Ivy as also a Linctus may be made of Oxymel simplex Scibliticum Syrupe of Horehound Vinegar mixed with Powder of Wood-lice Liquorice and made into a Lambitive with the Syrupe of Maydenhair And above all in a Scorbutick Astma flowing from abundance of Blood accompanied with Phlegmatick or gross saline and sulphureous Recrements Purgatives and Bleeding may be advised In Cephalick Diseases comomplicated with Scorbutick disaffections flowing from acide saline and sulphureous Elements tainting the nervous Liquor Cephalicks Cephalick Medicines mixed with Antiscorbuticks are proper in the Scurvey Gargarismes are proper in Diseases of the Mouth mixed with Antiscorbuticks are very proper which do refine the Blood and Animal Liquor and reduce its Spirits to a laudable Constitution and corroborate the laxe Tone of the fibrous Compage relating to the Brain In disaffections of the Mouth Gums laxity of the Teeth abounding
wherein may be extracted by Chymistry great quantities of volatil Salt wherein may be easily proved both by the Alimentary Liquor as having received Saline Particles from the Serous Liquor and from which the Serous Juice it self being lately a part of the Blood secerned in the Glands of the Stomach which doth retaine the Elements of the Blood and participates of its plentiful Saline Particles which being transmitted with their vehicle the Serous Juyce through the Terminations of the Caeliack Arteries do penetrate the Body of Aliment reposed in the Bosom of the Stomach and by loosening its Compage do assist the Concoction of the Ventricle CHAP. XXXI Of the Matter of Chylification HAving given you an account of the several Ferments disposing the Aliment to Concoction I will now take the boldness to Treat you in some sort with the Matter out of which the Alimentary Liquor of the Stomach is Extracted And to give you in some manner a Bill of Fare of the Meats and Drinks which entertain the Stomach in order to the refection of the Body as divers sorts of Fish and Fowl and more gross Flesh of other Animals and the more simple and wholesome Diet cooked of several kinds of Corn and the Ventricle is not only treated with variety of solid Meats but with abundance of different Drinks in which we more peculiarly indulge our Appetites even sometimes to Excess and Debaucherie of Beer Ale Sider Perry and many other Vegetable Juices and above all with an exuberant variety of small and generous Wines in which we speak a high Pleasure and Delight to our selves and caress our Friends with free Cups as so many expresses of our great Civility and endearing Kindness And the free Hand of our most liberal Maker in His generous Treats of us his Creatures with different kinds of Meat and Drink doth require several Ferments of Salival Nervous and Serous Liquors inspired with Spirituous and expansive particles of Air which all concenter in the Subject Matter contained in the bosome of the Stomach to raise a Fermentation in every different sort of Meat and Drink The various Ferments of the Stomach embody with the Homogeneous parts of Aliment and precipitate the Heterogeneous which are acted with many several Ferments endued with contrary Principles and Dispositions which enter into contests with the various Contents of the Stomach and embody with the Homogeneous and Alimentary Particles and precipitate the Heterogeneous as unprofitable for Nutrition and by degrees expel them as noysome and troublesome from one part to the other till at last they have ejected them the utmost confines of the Body Now it may be worth our enquiry to discover the several Changes or alterations of the various kinds of Aliment made step by step before they arrive a perfect Concoction in the Stomach and because the different sorts of Aliment are comprehended under general ranks of Meat and Drink it may be worth our time to make some Remarks upon them And concerning the fruitful springs of Potulent Matter Potulent matter requireth less concoction then Esculents destilling into the Cystem of the Stomach it requireth less boiling then Esculents do by reason it is not so much an Aliment as a Vehicle of it with and to which the grosser parts of Aliment are diluted and espoused till by several Mutations the Alimentary Liquor is extracted and made master of a just Consistence Moreover The Drink is more Operative and Penetrating Drink being made of subtle saline parts having little Aliment sooner passeth through the Stomach and Intestines into the Lacteal Vessels as it consisteth of subtle saline Particles and divers kinds of Purging Diuretick and Mineral Waters which having little or no nourishment soon pass through the Ventricle and Intestines into the Mesenterick and Thoracick Lacteal Vessels and from thence through the Subclavian and hollow Vein into the right Ventricle and from thence are transmitted through the Lungs into the left Cistern of the Heart and afterward through the descendent Trunk of the Aorta and Emulgent Arteries into the Glands of the Kidneys and from thence conveyed through the Pelvis and Ureters The quick passage of the Mineral Waters proceedeth from their thin substance and pungent qualities into the common receptacle of Urine As to the reason of the quick Motion of the Mineral Waters through the Stomach and other parts of the Body it proceedeth from their thin substance and pungent Particles with which they are impraegnated giving a trouble to the Fibres of the Ventricle and Intestines causing them to Contract themselves for a speedy Expulsion with the aid of the Diaphragme into the Lacteal Mesenterick and Thoracick Vessels and from thence being transmitted through the Veins into the right Ventricle of the Heart where the Blood is put into a Fermentation by the active saline Particles of the Mineral Waters doth quicken the Carnous Fibres of the Heart to Contract themselves vigorously and thereby briskly to impel the Blood embodied with these sharp Mineral Particles into the Kidney Glands where the Blood is percolated from the pungent Potulent Matter into the Pelvis and Ureters Wines also as well as Mineral Waters are of a thin Consistence Wine doth contribute to the concoction of Aliment and differ in their pleasant temper much more acceptable to the Stomach and by reason of their more aggreeable disposition do make a longer stay in it and thereby assist its Concoction of Aliment which may be backed by the experience of Persons freely gratifying their Palates in eating of various Dishes of choice Fish and Flesh which else would highly discompose their Stomachs were they not strengthened with the warm subtle and Spirituous Particles of Wine which associating with the other Ferments do insinuate themselves into the penetrals of the Aliment and dissolve its frame and draw out its purer Liquor Whereupon a Question may be started Wine turneth acid in the Stomach when is faline parts acquire a Fluor How Wine consisting of sweet and Oily Particles when it is received into the Stomach should be in a short time bereaved of its grateful sweetness and turn acid in the Ventricle Which may be as I conceive attributed to the saline parts of the Wine brought to a Fluor by Fermentation which rendreth Wine acid and so all Vegetable Juices being fermented in the Stomach do by degrees acquire an acidity by reason the more sweet parts are severed in order to associate with the Alimentary Liquor and thereupon leave the other acid as recrements of Concoction But if Wines be conserved in Casks Wine is kept sweet when the saline and sulphureous parts are united as so many safe Repositories the sweet Sulphureous parts do hold such an intimate union with the Saline that they do not suffer the Generous Liquor to degenerate into an acid Juice which is a step to Vinegar Liquid kinds of Aliment commonly called Suppings as Broth Liquid Aliment having enlarged Pores is more
Disease to advise gentle Purgatives prepared with proper alteratives at once purging of the Atrabilarian Humors Cooling and moist Medicines are useful in a Melancholick distemper and giving alay to the other by cooling and moist Medicines which do countermand the hot and dry disposition and sweeten the acide and saline parts of the Blood As the root of Polypode of the Oak Epithymum Caruway seed boiled in water with a little Wine Senna Rubarb Agarick Tamarinds adding at last a purging Syrupe of Apples or Syrupe of Peach-Flowers c. Pilulae Tartareae Bontii Purging Pills Quercetani de succino quickned with a little Resine of Jalape or Scammony or Extract of Rudius Tartar vitriolated and in strong constitutions of Body Extract of black Hellebore Gum Ammoniac dissolved in cinnamon-Cinnamon-water Resine of Scammony Jalape c. may be advised Purgative Powders Purgative Powders given in Posset-drink as Diasenna Diaturbeth as also Rubarb Agarick Senna Lapis-lazuli powdered and given in Posset-drink prepared with Small Beer and white-White-wine in which you may add Syrupe of Apples Syrupe of Roses-solutive of Peach-Flowers of Buckthorn c. Purgatives may be advised frequently once in Five or Six days Benigne Purgatives are most laudable in this Disease and let them be prepared with benigne Medicines which do not offer a violence to Nature by reason strong Medicines have a malignant temper which do irritate the ill Humors of the Blood and vitiate it and the nervous Liquor and give an irregular motion to the Animal Spirits and aggravate the Disease If the Body be bound a Clyster may be injected of a common decoction prepared with some gentle purging Electuary or rather with purging Syrupes and common Sugar Testaceous Powders Testaceous Powders given in some proper Apozemes or in clarified Whey made of Crabs claws Egg shels c. and of Pearl Coral Crabs Eyes and the like may be given in Posset-drink or Whey or some alterative Apozeme prepared with some of the Five opening Roots of the Leaves of Borage Betony the Flowers of Cowslips Water-Lilies Ivory shavings Pippins Raisins of the Sun c. and sweetned with Syrupe of Cowslips or Water-Lilies to which may be added some compound Briony or Paeony water Decoctions of China Sarza in which may be infused the tops of Pine and Firr the Flowers of Cowslips Water-Lilies Borage Bugloss and being strained may be sweetned with the alterative Syrupe of Apples Water-Lilies Cowslips Wood-Sorrel and the like which do contemperate and moisten the hot and dry temper of melancholick Persons and dulcify the saline parts of the Blood which are a main ingredient in this disconsolate phanciful Disease The Third Indication The vital Indication denotes Medicines coroborating the Brain A Cephalick Electuary being vital doth consist in the conservation of the affected parts and doth denote corroborating Medicines which do strengthen the Brain and repair the decays of Nature In this case Electuaries may be proper made of the Conserves of Lime-Flowers Lily of the Valley Water-Lilies Cowslips Gilly-Flowers the Powders of Pearl Crabs Eyes Crabs Claws Coral Candid Rine of Citron or Mirabolans to which Syrupe of Water-Lilies may be added to make it into the consistence of an Electuary After which may be drank a draught of Cephalick Julape A Cephalick Julape made with the distilled Waters of Lime-Flowers Lillie of the Valley Black Cherries compound Paeony sweetned with Syrupe of Cowslips Water-Lilies In this case a Magistral distilled Water may be very advantageous A Cephalick distilled Water Take of the Leaves of Betony Borage Bugloss Water-cresses Brooklime Balm of the Flowers of Cowslips Water-Lilies Lily of the Valley of the chips of Citrons Auranges Limons Nutmegs distilled in Whey made with fragrant Apples to which may be added a little white-White-wine Apozemes also are useful in Melancholy An Apozeme prepared with the Roots and Leaves of Polypode of the Oak Hartshorn Ceterack Epithymum Water-Germander Water-Cresses and Millepedes bruised of which some may be boiled in a close Pipkin and being strained may be sweetened with double or treble refined Sugar After a Chalybeate course the Waters of Epsam Barnet Northal The purging Mineral Waters or Dulige may be drank as preparatory to the Waters of Tunbridge Rotherfield as good as any of the Acidulae or the Spaw-waters of York-shire The diuretick Waters which are to be taken with a proper method of Physick else they may prove very prejudicial Whey also may be very beneficial prepared with the tops of Pine and Firr or with Brooklime Water-Cresses the Flowers of Cow-slips Lime Lily of the Valley Water-Lilies c. Broths also may be given made with a Chicken or Pullet A Medicinal Broth. and with the Leaves of Polypode of the Oak Wood-Sorrel or with Borage Bugloss Pearl Barley to which may be added the Shavings of Hartshorn and Ivory CHAP. LXVIII Of a Mania or Madness THE Mania Madness is near akin to Melancholy or Madness hath much affinity with Melancholy and degenerates into Madness as the Atribilarian Humor groweth more exalted and mixed with acide Recrements it is turned into a Maniack disposition and the Vital Spirits being highly enflamed do enrage the Animal productive of Madness which attendeth Melancholy as the flame is ushered in by Smoak This Disease may be defined The definition of Madness a Delirium or depravation of the Imagination and Reason without Fear and Sadness the attendants of Melancholy with fury boldness and great clamors and rantings derived from saline sulphureous Particles arising first out of the Blood and afterward imparted to the Animal Liquor and Spirits Some Physicians suppose Madness to be an elevated Melancholy Madness supposed to be an elevated Melancholy as the saline sulphureous Particles of the Atrabilarian Humor are only more exalted producing more symptomes of Rage boldness horrid out-crys c. But I humbly conceive this Disease doth not differ gradually but specifically as coming from various causes and accompanied with higher symptomes by reason Melancholy is accompanied with Fear and Sorrow and Madness with Fury and Boldness flowing from nitro-sulphureous parts of the vital Liquor making a hot Fermentative disposition of the nervous Juyce enraging the Animal Spirits The subject of this Disease is the fibrous Compage of the Brain The subject of Madness composed of numerous Fibrils containing the nervous Liquor generated of albuminous parts of the Blood the subject and vehicle of the Animal Spirits which move between the Filaments of minute Nerves in a great hurry and most irregular manner The turbulent symptomes of this furious malady The symptomes of Madness is a depravation of the phancy and intellect importuned with storms of impetuous Thoughts expressed in furious Language and ranting Gestures of tearing Cloaths biting the Tongue and offering violent hands to themselves These horrid Signs Symptomes of this Disease are illustrated by Mineral Waters arising out of the ill tone of the Animal Spirits Dr.
an evident cause A Palsey proceeding from an evident cause indicates Bleeding after a Clyster hath been injected And then gentle Diureticks and Diaphoreticks may be administred Diuretick Powders of a Stroke Fall Wound that the prejudiced part may be restored again an apertion of a Vein may be proper as lessening the mass of Blood and diverting it from the part affected after an emollient and discutient Clyster hath been administred and rejected gentle Diureticks and Diaphoreticks may be safely advised to make good the circulation of the Blood and discharge its serous Recrements whereby the part aggrieved is eased As also Diuretick Powders made of the Four cooling Seeds Chervil Golden-rod and the like mixed with Sugar or a Powder recited in the Augustan Dispensatory drinking immediately after it an Apozeme prepared with opening and Diuretick Medicines or vulnerary Diet-drinks The dislocated Vertebers are to be reduced Or if a Dislocation be made of the vertebers of the Spine they are to be reduced to their natural situation by a dextrous Chyrurgeons hand And afterward Balsomes Liniments may be applied as also Fomentations Cataplasmes Emplaistres of Oxycroceum e Minio e Mucilaginibus of Paracelsus and if the Tumor of the Chine remain resolving and discutient Bathings may be outwardly administred An habitual Palsey depending upon Procatarctick and antecedent causes being considered in actu signato or exercito in fieri or factum esse An habitual Palscy claims a peculiar Cure doth challenge to it self a peculiar way of Cure As to the Procatarctick causes belonging to this Disease A respect must be had to the Sex res non naturales in the cure of a Palsey a care must be had of the Sex res non naturales that they may be disposed in good order according to Art And the intentions of a Palsey in relation to its antecedent causes do denote the goodness of Chyle and mass of Blood which is effected by a good Diet and proper Ferments of the Stomach depending on a laudable Vital and nervous Liquor the Materia substrata and subject of the Animal Spirits To this intent courses of Physick may be administred Medicines prepared with Cephalicks and Antiscorbuticks As also Chalybeats are goo din this Disease prepared with Cephalicks and Antiscorbuticks mixed with purging medicines and after them in a Plethorick Body Bleeding may be advised and then Chalybeat Medicines may be taken of Tinctures Syrupes Powders given in Electuaries made of Temperate Scorbutick and Cephalick ingredients drinking after them a good draught of a proper Apozeme Vomitories may be prescribed in a foul Stomack Vomitories may be advised in a foul Stomach opening the obstructions of the Liver Spleen Pancreas made of the infusion of Crocus metallorum Salt of Vitriol Oxymel or Wine of Squills or some few grains of Mercurius vitae which is not to be given but in robust Bodies Fontanels may be made in the Neck between the Shoulders Fontanels very propeâ— in a Palsey in the Thigh or Leg which are very beneficial in this case Ale is proper medicated with the Leaves of Sage Betony Rorismary as also the Flowers of Lime Lily of the Valley Sage Paeony Rorismary Betony and the like And not only the Continent and Procatarctick causes of a Palsey are to be considered but the ill habit of the body too The ill habit of the Body is to be considered in a confirmed Palsey Purgatives and Alteratives as Apozemes Electuaries are proper for a habitual Palsey if the Disease groweth habitual as highly radicated and in this case a care must be had that Bleeding and violent Purging be omitted as Nature is highly weakened by the length of the Disease so that gentle Purgatives mixed with Antiscorbuticks Diureticks may now and then be given as also Cephalick Apozemes Electuaries prepared with Chalybeats which do refine the Blood nervous Liquor and Spirits and corroborate the Nerves which are relaxed or resolved in this Disease In a Palsey proceeding from pituitous or serous Recrements of the Brain Medicines for pituitous or serous Recrements of the Brain an Electuary may be advised prepared with the Leaves of Water-cresses the Flowers of Sage Betony Paeony Rorismary and Condite Eryngo-roots Condite Nutmegs Mace as also with the Powders of Crabs Eies Millepedes and a little of Castor and Amber made up with Syrupe of Sage-Flowers or Lavender drinking after it a good draught of an Apozeme made of Sarzaparilla China Guiacum Sassafras infused and boiled in fair water and to the Colature may be added of the Leaves of Betony Sage Rorismary of the Flowers of the same which may be arotamised with Mace Nutmegs c. and sweetned with Syrupe of Lavender or Lime-Flowers Or a Milk-water may be thus prepared Take of the Bark of Winteran milk- A distilled milk-Milk-water of the chips of Auranges and Limons of each Two Ounces of the Roots or Leaves of Cuckowpintle of the Leaves of Garden Scorby-grass Water-cresses Sage Betony of the Flowers of Lavender Sage Rorismary Nutmegs Millepedes which may be besprinkled First with Wine and stand a convenient time and afterward a large quantity of Milk may be added and a distillation made in a Rose Still To every Dose of this distilled water may be added some drops of Spirit of Salt Armoniack succinated Spirits of Salt Armoniack succinated or of Harts-horn Sutt Blood c. Tinctures of Turpentine Antimony or Amber or Elixir Proprieratis Bezoar Mineral or of Spirit of Hartshorn Sutt Blood c. Dr. Willis adviseth Tincture of Mercury Terebinth or Tincture of Antimony or Amber Elixir proprietatis or Paeony c. The Powder of the Flesh of Vipers and of the Hearts and Livers may be given in distilled waters of the Flowers of Lavender Sage Betony Rorismary c. Bezoar Mineral Solar mixed with Powder of Cloves Nutmegs Mace and once in Four or Five days gentle Purgatives prepared with Cephalicks are to be advised Trochischi de Mirrha Trochischi and Pills or Hysterici as also Pills made of Castor Amber Powder of Millepedes and of the Roots or Leaves of Ground Pine made into Pills with Syrupe of Paeony may be beneficial Powder of Zedoary Galangal Cardamom Specier Diambr may be given in a draught os some Specifick or Cephalick water or in the Magistral Milk-water prescribed above And last of all in this Palsey Fomentation of the Chine proceeding from cold causes the Spine may be bathed with compound Spirit of Lavender or the Queen of Hungarys Water or with Oil of Amber and the like Natural Baths Natural Baths which being sulphureous and Bituminous do heat dry and corroborate the Brain and Spinal Marrow and are very advantageous after universal evacuations have been celebrated A Palsey proceeding from Bilious Recrements A Bilious Palsey doth indicate more milde and temperate Medicines oppressing the Brain and Medulla Spinalis doth indicate more mild and temperate Medicines as Electuaries made of Conserve of Lime-Flowers Lily of the
Valley Peagles Betony Fumitery mixed with Species Diambrae Powder of Red Coral Crabs Eies prepared Pearl Crabs Claws made into an Electuary with the Syrupe of Lime-Flowers or Lily of the Valley drinking after it a draught of milk-Milk-water made with the Leaves of Betony Water-cresses Brook-lime Ground Pine Cowslips Mountain Sage of the Flowers of Lime Lily of the Valley Sage Rorismary distilled with Milk in a Rose Still And in this case Apozemes an Apozeme may be given made of China Sarza-parilla shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn infused and boiled in Water in the Colature may be infused the Flowers of Betony Cowslips Lime and Paeony to which being strained Syrupe of Lime-Flowers may be added A Palsey taketh its rise from a Scorbutick indisposition of Body spoiling the Albuminous part of the Blood the ground of the Succus Nervosus and its more refined Particles This indisposition is regulated by proper Antiscorbuticks Antiscorbutick Juyces made of the juyces of Garden Scorby-grass Brook-lime Water-cresses Auranges which being depurated per residentiam may be given in a proper milk-Milk-water made of Antiscorbuticks and Cephalicks distilled in a small proportion of White Wine mixed with a large quantity of Milk in a Rose Still Electuaries Antiscorbutick Electuarics made of the Conserve of Garden-Cresses Chervil Water-Cresses Garden Scorby-grass prepared with the Powder of Egg-shels Red Coral Pearl Ivory Crabs Eies made into the Consistence of an Electuary with the Syrupe of the opening Roots drinking after it a good draught of a Diet-drink A Diet-drink prepared with China Sarza-parilla Ivory and Hartshorn shavings Raisins of the Sun stoned and in the Liquor being boiled and strained may be infused the tops of Pine and Firre and the Colature being strained may be sweetned with the Syrupe of Cowslips or Lime-Flowers Pills made of testaceous Powders Millepedes formed into Pills Pills made of Millepedes and of testaceous Powders c. A Diet-drink with Venice Turpentine may be proper in a Scorbutick Palsey drinking after it a draught of Diet-drink made of China Sarza-parilla c. as above Or a Decoction made of Ground Ivy and Antiscorbuticks and Cephalicks of Mountain Sage Water-cresses Brookelime Flowers of Betony Paeony Sage Rorismary c. Diaphoreticks may be of great use in this Disease Diaphoreticks are very useful in a Palsey as Sweats do depurate the Blood and Succus Nervosus produced by Diet-drinks of Sarza-parilla China c. or by testaceous Powders Spirits and Extracts of Guaicum Flowers and Spirit of Salt Armoniack succinated Salt and Wine of Vipers Diaphoretick Antimony Bezoartick Mineral c. drinking after them a good draught of a proper Diet-drink Mercurial Medicines productive of Salivation Some propound Mercurial Medicines in a stubborn Palsey are propounded by some in desperate and habitual Palseys which method of Physick may prove fatal in weak Bodies as Mercurial Medicines highly infect the Brain Spinal Marrow and Nerves And last of all when universal evacuations have been administred Topicks may be applied when universal evacuations have been made Topicks may be applied made of Spirit of Wine in which the Flowers of Sage Rorismary Lavender may be infused As also Balsomes mixed with Oil of Fox Worms Castor the Queen of Hungarys Water with which the whole Spine is to be annointed and afterward covered with Flannel The Paralitick parts are to be warmly clothed with Furrs or the like And at other times when Ointments are not applied the Spine and Resolved parts may be invested with several sorts of Furrs which much cherish the relaxed and weakened Limbs CHAP. LXXVII Of the Scurvey HAving Treated of many Diseases relating more particularly to the Head I will conclude its Pathology with a Disease which may claim the Appellative of Universal The Scurvey is a kind of universal Disease as it not only affecteth the nervous Liquor and its more refined Particles the Animal Spirits but their subject too the fibrous Compage of the Brain lodged in the highest Apartiment and all the Viscera the choice housholdstuff of the middle and lowest story of the Body That the nature of the Scurvey may be rendred more clear I shall endeavour to give a History of its Subject Causes and Symptomes in order to a Cure As to its Subject I humbly conceive it is originally seated in the Stomach The First seat of the Scurvey as it taketh its rise from an ill Concoction producing a crude Chyle which being not well prepared in the Ventricle maketh an ill mass of Blood indisposing the Viscera as not receiving a due percolation in them whereupon the Blood is debased and depauperated as affected with gross sulphureous and saline Particles unduely exalted so that the vital and nervous Liquor being vitiated and dispirited do produce a Complication of Diseases seated in many parts of the Body commonly called the Scurvey an Imperial Malady attended with a great train of Symptomes In the highest a partiment it produceth great and periodical pains The Symptomes of the Scurvey in the Head as now and then affecting the coats of the Brain with a hot and ill mass of Blood and sometimes Drowsiness and othertimes Watchfulness Lightness of the Head Convulsions a Palsey in several parts of the Body caused by an ill Succus Nervosus the companions of this Disease are also Ulcers of the Tongue and Palate coming from sharp Recrements of the Blood depurated in the oral Glands spued out by the excretory Ducts into the skin of the Tongue and Palate which are often bedewed with a quantity of salival Liquor causing frequent Spittings attended with Ulcers of the Gums looseness of Teeth and an ill savour of the Mouth stenched with corrupt serous parts of the Blood corroding the Gums and their ligaments loosening the Teeth from their repositories whereupon they grow laxe and sometimes drop out of the Mandibles The parts of the middle Apartiment in the Scurvey The Symptomes of the Scurvey in the Thorax are afflicted with great Stiches and shooting pains of the Sides and Sternon arising from sharp Particles of Blood torturing the Pleura and Mediastine The Lungs also often labour of a great difficulty of breathing briskly endeavouring by often repeated acts of Respiration to pump the gross mass of Blood from one Cistern of the Heart through the pulmonary Artery and Veins into the other whereupon the Heart being often oppressed with too great a source of thick dispirited Blood is highly discomposed with disorderly pulsations Palpitations The Symptomes of the Scurvey in the lowest Venter Lypothymies Synocops c. The Viscera also of the lowest Apartiment are highly anoyed in this Disease The Stomach laboureth of nauseousness belchings vomiting pains proceeding from sharp and pituitous flatulent Recrements floating up and down in the Stomach the sad consequents of an ill concoctive Faculty proceeding from ill Ferments The Hypocondres are often afflicted with inflations and croakings which arise from Wind passing down the Guts often productive
Treats and Collations Wine is a Liquor acted with the greatest Fermentation except that of Blood as so many Expresses of our high Esteems and affectionate Caresses to each other this noble Juice is acted with greater Fermentation than any Liquor except that of Blood which proceedeth from the exuberant quantity of volatil Salt and Sulphur the great Engines of intestine Motions and the Arts of exalting and depressing the Fermentation of Wine the Vintners as much as they can reserve in their own Breasts as the great Secrets and Mysteries of their Profession In these they have many Systems of a kind of Medical Rules Precepts and Methods consigned to the curing of Wines when they are sick wherein they prescribe a kind of Maturia Medica made up of Purging Alterative and cordial Druggs to raise the Fermentation when deficient in Wines not fine and to depress it by attempering Medicines when it runneth so high by reason of intemperate Heat and do add Stumm inclosed in Vessels hooped with Iron and put into the Earth to detein it from working and other more salutary Ferments to impart Colour Life and Spirit to decaied Wines So that in short The curing of Wines consisteth in three things the First in Fining them when they are gross and embodied with their â—ees The Second Art is to check the immoderate Fermentation called the Froth The Third is to render them brisk when pauled and faint the Art of a Vintner consists chiefly inthese three Heads First In the Fining of Wines when they are turbid and gross in their substance proceeding from a mixture of their flying Lees Secondly In giving them due allays in so great Effervescences and Fermentations commonly called Frets caused by immoderate Heats in the midst of Summer Thirdly In rendring them brisk and palatable when they are grown faint and pauled or sower caused by the evaporation of their delicate oily parts As to the First It is not so requisite that Ferments should be applied to Wines in the Must as to Wort in the Tun because the finer juyce of the Grape is enobled with spirituous qualities that they rarely need any auxiliary Ferments to raise their natural intestine motion Therefore the Grapes being trode and the juyce put into open Vessels hath at first a high ebullition somewhat resembling that of Water put into a Kettle and set upon a great Fire and when the great effervescence of Wine in the Must is somewhat allayed it is then confined in closer Vessels in which it is receptive of a farther depuration wherein the more delicate and volatil particles do open the compage of the Wine making a secretion of the gross faeces from the more generous and pure parts which renders the Wine fine and transparent and serviceable to entertain its Master the Lord of this lower Orbe And because in the juyce of Grapes the finer parts are so deeply engaged with the more gross that they cannot make themselves free without the assistance of Art and thereupon Vintners consulting their own Interest as well as the publick Good do add some depurating Medicines that the more Earthy and excremental parts as unprofitable for use may be sunk to the bottom whereupon they are clarified upon a double account either by viscous applications as Ising-Glass Whites of Eggs and the like whose clammy Embraces associating with the Lees of Wine do so far depress them till the Liquor is refined and rendred useful There are also other ingredients added to Wines in the Muste that have a precipitating quality insinuating themselves into the Pores of the Liquor do squeeze the grosser particles out of their former receptacles till they force them to the bottom of this kind is Alabaster poudered and Flint Calcined and the like Wines having great bodies though made fine yet do fret as the Vintners stile it which giveth them a kind of feverish Distemper as labouring under too great a distemper of Ebullition proceeding often in Summer from Heat opening the body of Wine and disposing it for the reception of the flying Lees arising from the bottom of the Vessel being full of Salt and Sulphur active Particles which being exalted put the Wine into a new Fermentation rendring it Rancid Ropy and sometimes Sour and Vapid derived from an extravagant Effervescence destructive of its fine volatil Temper Whereupon to prevent this Inconvenience the Winecoopers and Vintners wrack their Wines and by drawing them out of one Cask into another do sever the Liquor from the Lees adding sometimes Milk to temper the Ebullition of Wine and to restore its Colour and make it grateful to the Eye and Pallate by turning the dark brown hue into a more bright Colour And to speak a Cure for Ropy Wines Artists apply unslackt Lime burnt Allom Salt and the like by which the Faeces of this generous Liquor are secured from the more fine parts and at last turned to the bottom by a kind of Precipitation Lastly Wines growing faint and pauled loosing their briskness of taste do drink down which is occasioned in small Wines by the evaporation of the fine and delicate Salt and Sulphur in the heat of Summer arising from a tumultuary motion of the active principles of Wine Whereupon Artists advise a kind of Cordial Medicines to be applied to decayed Wines to repair their lost Life and Briskness which is effected by adding to them new and choice Tartar and the like which being big with Saline chiefly and also some Sulphureous Particles do as it were impart a new life and spirit to Depauperated Wines which are also accomplished by Syrupes made of Generous Wine mixed with Spice and Sugar And I conceive it will not be requisite to tire you with a farther Discourse of the Fermentation of the Juices of Apples Cherrys Corants Goosberries and the like which are to be treated according to the same Rules and Method of Art prescribed in order to defaecate these gross and revive the decayed Juices Having made you a mean Treat of Wine and of the manner of its Intestine Motions how they are managed by subtle and gentle and by gross and sluggish Elements in Plants my Design at this time Fermentation in Animals hath great affinity with those of Vegetables is to shew you the more exalted Fermentation in Animals which hath great analogy in Nature with those of Vegetables being Commenced and Promoted by Volatil Airy and Spirituous Particles enlarging the Compage of their more generous Liquors whose gross parts do inclose the more fine binding them to their good behaviour lest they should make their escape and pervert the choice Aeconomy of Nature which endeavoureth to espouse Gross with Subtle Particles that they may refine and perfect each other in a mutual Converse Nature being ambitious by various motions to reconcile different dispositions of Entities in a third more friendly temper as an Union arising out of contrary Agents designing by different Conflicts The Fermentation of the Liquors of Humane
evacuations of salival Liquor a good sign in the Flux Pox. is a Cough proceeding from a gross Matter commonly called Flegme which is an indigested Succus nutricius dicharged by the excretory Ducts of the salival Glands all besetting the Palate Tongue and Fauces which in the Flux-Pox emit large streams of salival Liquor discharging in a great part the foulness of the Blood and the malignity of the Fever in free and critical evacuations of vitiated recrements of the Blood through the numerous conglomerated Glands in and about the Tongue Palate and Fauces as if a Ptyalisme was raised by a Mercurial Medicine And before and in the time of the Salivation in this ill kind of small Pox a crude thin and serous Liquor is protruded by the capillary Arteries into the Glands the inhabitants of the Skin where it is separated from the Blood and forced through the excretory Tubes to the surface of the inward Skin where the Matter being very thin and fluide is not readily confined within the due limits of many round prominent circumferences made in the outward Skin but runneth confused one part with another which is occasioned by the thinness and sharpness of the Matter often corroding like Aqua-fortis the rare contexture of the Skin integrated of numerous Filaments variously intangled with each other in which it maketh divers Cavities and Furrows The Face is disguised with cavities and scars caused by the corroding perulent Matter of the Small Pox. often despoiling the Face of its elegant Air and amiable Features and leaving great impressions not only in the skin of the Face but in the Palate Nerves and Tendons of the Fingers of which an instance may be given in a Grocers Daughter of London in whom the virulent corroding Matter of the Flux-Pox did eat quite through the Palate by making a large perforation into the cavity of the Mouth and did so corrode the Nerves Tendons and Ligaments relating to the second Bone of the fore-Finger that the Bone upon motion of the Finger started through the Skin and was wholly parted from the Joynts leaving a lameness in them Sometimes the Small Pox are not only a Disease but a kind of Symptome of an essential malignant Fever deforming it with Red and Blew spots when it increaseth more and more after the eruption of the Matter the cause of the Small-Pox And although a great quantity of gross Succus nutricius is vented by the salival Glands into the Mouth by which Nature designeth to relieve it self yet the Fever groweth higher and higher and at last the Skin is sometime defaced with great and numerous spots which first appearing Red do afterwards degenerate into Blew near the approaches of Death An Honourable Lady finding her self highly discomposed drank freely of Cordial Water which put her Blood into a high effervescence rendring it very hot and thin which being impelled to the cutaneous Glands where the Purple Liquor is streined and returned by the capillary Veins while the serous Recrements are transmitted through the excretory Vessels into the most exterior parts which grow tumefied into small pustles the dismal marks of the Flux-Pox and were associated with a great salivation in the Mouth assisted with opening and cleansing Gargarismes by whose help she vented two or three quarts a day of thick ropy Matter thereby giving frequently a great alleviation to the Pox which had not this effect in this Honourable Person in whom the Small Pox was symptomatic because notwithstanding the free evacuation of the depraved Succus nutricius through the cutaneous and salival Glands yet the Fever grew more and more importunate by shewing it self Essential and Malignant when the products of the Pox the Ulcers grew dry and scaled off then the surface of the Body was deformed with Red spots which afterward turned Blew the mournful Scenes of a dismal Tragedy The more kindly Small Pox have for their Materia substrata the Succus nutricius depraved by a peculiar indisposition of the Blood often communicated to it by contagious steams impelled with the Air through the bronchia and their appendant Vessels into the substance of the Lungs where it encounters and infects with its Ferment the Succus nutricius running confusely mixed with the Blood raising in it another ebullition which being received by the pulmonary Veins into the left Chamber of the Heart is thence protruded into the greater Trunks and smaller Branches of the Arteries The beginning of the Small Pox is the first four or five days wherein the Small Pox do appear but little after the fifth day cometh the increase of the Small Pox. this Fermentation of the infected Blood lasteth four or five days which is the beginning of the Disease And about the fourth or fifth day an inflammation of the Skin appeareth in the Small Pox derived from the vital Liquor impelled into the extremities of the capillary Arteries inserted into the Skin whence the Face and Hands are often disguised with unnatural Swellings and afterwards Pimples start up in the Skin arising from the Blood not yet severed from the Succus nutricius the Matter of the Small Pox. And now commenceth the time of maturation of them The stat◠〈◊〉 Small Pox is that of Maturation which cometh to a height when they turn yellow when these little round Swellings grow more enlarged are turned more whitish as the Succus Nutricius is more and more secerned from the purple Juice and then oftentimes the Pustles are surrounded for some time with a red Circle proceeding from thin blood separated from the confines of the Succus Nutricius and derived into the adjacent parts of the Skin and about the seventh day the maturation cometh more and more to a height when the numerous acuminated Swellings full of purulent Matter put off their white Robes and are apparaleld with a yellow hew which is the height of the Maturation The declination of the small Pox is about the eleventh day happening about the eleventh day and afterward the declination of the Disease beginneth wherein the Ulcerous Matter being dried up the Impostumes are turned into Scabs about the fourteenth day sometimes leaving behind red Marks and Scars as tokens of God's Justice punishing us for our Prevarications the causes of Diseases and as remembrancers of his Mercy expressed in a happy recovery from this troublesome and noisome Malady And that we may give a more clear account of divers disaffections of the Skin I humbly conceive they may be in some sort deduced A Cause of Cutaneous Diseases flowing from the streitness of Vessels either from the ill formation of the Vessels or Pores relating to the Glands or from several Liquors residing in or impelled into the Glands As to the Vessels they labour under so much streitness or largeness An Inflamation of the Skin proceeding from Blood stagnant in the Cutaneous Glands wherein the Veins do not receive the Blood upon the first the Glands grow tumefied with too great a
yet the Fever continued higher which shews it is to be essential as remanent after the Small Pox were gone upon which I passed a Prognostick of great and eminent danger That notwithstanding proper Medicines having been Administred yet the Fever grew more violent accompanied with ill Symptoms of a quick tremulous Pulse and a Delirium so that the Patient plainly appeared to be in a desperate Condition whereupon the Friends of the Patient sent for Drop Doctor Goddard who smiled when I told him the great danger the Sick Person was in assuring himself of a Cure by his Infallible Drops as he thought them whereupon I left my Patient because his Friends having a great opinion of the Drop Doctor were desirous to commit him solely to his Care which proved very unsuccessful and gave me a high discomposure because within two or three days my former Patient was lost as well as my Friend notwithstanding the Promise the confident Doctor had made of his recovery for which he had little Reason and less Art In an orderly and kindly Small Pox Few Medicines are sufficient in a kindly Small Pox wherein a thin Diet is to be prescribed and the great part of the Cure is to be recommended to Nature and careful attendants some few gentle Medicines may be given for four or five days to assist Nature to throw out the ill Matter by the Capillary Arteries into the Cutaneous Glands and when the Small Pox are well come out in distinct Conical Tumours and beginning to fill it is unnecessary to make any farther Medicinal Applications and to advise only a thin temperate Diet and that the Patient would repose himself in Bed lest Transpiration being checked by the coldness of the Ambient Air and the Cutaneous Pores be straightned and the recourse of ill Matter be stopped into the confines of the Skin But in the Flux Pox the care must be equal to the danger which is very great and needs the assistance of an Industrious and Skilful Physitian who must make it his business to observe the motion of the Disease which appears first in very small Pimples and therefore it is called vulgarly the Pin Pox which rise slowly a great argument of Malignity in the Distemper proceeding from a hot Serous Liquor which being thin is not apt to settle in the Ambient parts of the Body but is speedily reconveyed by the Cutaneous Veins into the Mass of Blood and in order to prevent the retrograde motion of the Matter which being hot and thin moderately cooling and thickning Medicines are to be prescribed that when the Humours of the Small Pox arrive the surface of the inward Skin they may be there deteined and fixed to fill up the Skin and render the Small Pox fairer If the Patient be restless in the Flux Pox Opiates and thickning Medicines are to be given to Patients wanting rest whose Blood is over acted with too high an Ebullition and by tossing and tumbling up and down the Bed do disquiet himself and raise the Fermentation of the Blood by growing hot procured by frequent and troublesome motions of the Body made every minute from place to place gentle Opiats are to be advised as drops of Laudanum Liquidum or Syrupe of Poppy in a proper Vehicle to compose the Patient to rest and to give an allay to the too much advanced Fermentation of the Blood And that the Peccant Humours the Materia substrata of the Small Pox being rendred more sedate in its motion may grow cool and thick and apt to reside in the confines of the Body and afterward the outward Skin will rise as being big with gross Matter The Flux Pox if not well mannaged by Art The Flux Pox is very dangerous and to be managed by a skilful Hand giving gentle Sudorificks at first mixed with cooling and incrassating Medicines is a most dangerous Disease because the Blood is so much enraged in a troublesome Fermentation that it is very difficult to govern it and make it regular by most proper Medicines and is very often attended with a dangerous continued Fever which is an associate of this ill kind of Small Pox during all its several motions of beginning increase state and declination signifying gentle Cordial Medicines that do reduce the Effervescence of the tumultuary Blood into a moderate temper wherein it being incrassated by proper Pharmacy doth stagnate in the outward confines of the inward Skin breaking into numerous Pustles which being indurated into Scabs speak a happy period to this nasty Disease And this may be prosperously accomplished by a most diligent inspection into the Nature and Motioos of this Disease wherein I have often observed that high Cordials are unsuccessful because they raise the Fermentation too high and render the Distemper dangerous whereupon I have frequently advised with good success cooling and incrassating Medicines and a thin refreshing Diet of Small-beer boiled and raw Beer made as warm as the Blood and Posset Drink made with Harts-horn shavings without Marigold-flowers and Saffron which are good in a kindly Small Pox but too hot in these and thin Water-grewel Barley-grewel thin Panada Barley-cream made with Pearl Barley pounded in a Morter and boiled in a great quantity of Water till half be consumed which being streined the Liquor is to be added to twelve Almonds blanched and pounded till their vertue is extracted and then the streined Liquor is to be sweetned with Sugar and drank as occasion serveth Which is a fine cooling Aliment easie of Digestion and proper for this fiery Disease which is often attended with large evacuations of Salival Liquor resembling a Salivation raised by Art and is to be promoted with Opening Attenuating and Clea sing Gargarisms that the Parotides Tonsils and numerous Glands besetting the Mouth and Palate may be encouraged to spue out freely the venome of the Disease by their Excretory Vessels into the cavities of the Mouth Therefore Thickning and astringent Gargarisms are ill in the Flux Pox which hinder the evacuation of salival Liquor by the Oral Glands I most humbly beg that all Incrassating and Astringent Gargarisms may be forborn which do render the spittle more thick and clammy and do shut up the Orifices of the Excretory Ducts relating to the Oral Glands and do intercept the currents of salival Liquor into the Mouth and detein the matter of the Flux Pox in the Mass of Blood rendring it more fierce and the Disease more deplorable A Gentlewoman fell sick in the Strand in Westminster and was afflicted with a high Fever associated with a great pain of her Head and Back for whom I advised gentle Cordials and an easie thin and cooling Diet to charm the great Ebullition of Blood and about the fifth day the doleful symptoms of the Flux Pox appeared discovering it self in most minute red Pimples proceeding from a thin serous Liquor which being thickned by proper Medicines was transmitted through the Cutaneous Glands and their Excretories
And sometimes the serous Recrements are severed from the Blood in the Glands of the Kidneys and pass through many Excretory Vessels to the Bladder and above all Diureticks those that are impraegnated with lixivial Salts are most prevalent in a Leucophlegmatia and Purging Medicines having been premised it is usual to take Lixiviums of Broom Wormwood prepared with White Wine These Lixivial Diureticks sometimes take so good an effect Lixivial Saits are very proper in an Anasarca that they most freely discharge the Lympha seated in the empty Spaces of the Vessels and Cure an Anasarca to a Prodigy in which Diuretick Medicines impraegnated with fixed Lixivial Salt are more powerful then those Potions which are big with Acids Alkalies and volatile saline Particles Perhaps the reason may be this Because when the watry Recrements perverting the Fermentation of the Blood and the assimilation of Chyle into it have been sometime Extravasated in the spaces of the Vessels they grow Acid whereupon the Lixivial Particles of Diuretick Potions being mixed first with the Blood and afterward transmitted to the crude Humours lodged in the habit of the Body do embody with them as being Acid Lixivial Salts mixing with Acids make an Intestine Motion in the Blood so that Lixivial Salts meeting with Acids do immediately cause an Effervescence both in a crude Mass of Blood and in the watry Humours settled in the substance of the Mascular parts and make a great Agitation and Fusion in both So that the Excretive Faculty is not only irritated in order to discharge the Excrements of the Blood but also a new Fermentative quality is given to the Blood by which it is severed from its grosser Particles and the Chyle embodied with it is assimilated into the nature of Vital Liquor Diaphoreticks are also taken in a Leucophlegmatia a Dropsie seated in the habit of the Body with good success Sudorificks are proper in an Anasarca and though in the beginning of it it is very difficult to move Sweat because the watry Humours are settled in the empty Spaces of the Vessels relating to the Muscular parts whereupon the serous Recrements are not easily conveyed being Extravasated by the Arteries terminating into the Cutaneous Glands and thence discharged by the Excretory Vessels inserted into the outward Skin Yet Diaphoreticks produce a very good effect as enobling the Blood with Spirituous and Volatil Particles which exalt the crude and unactive parts of the Vital Liquor and Serous Liquors stagnant in the Interstices of the Vessels and raise an Effervescence and Fermentation in the Blood in order to perfect and assimilate the Chyle and when the watry Faeces have been moved by Purging Medicines and thrown into the Intestines it may be very seasonable to advise Sudorificks to discharge the reliques of the Morbifick Matter the more thin and watry parts of the Blood by Sweat or insensible Transpiration when the more gross Recremental parts have been discharged by Stool and to this end a Diet-Drink may be prescribed consisting of Diaphoreticks and Diureticks to expel the offensive Matter by the Kidneys and Cutaneous Glands A proper Diet may be prepared of Lignum Sanctum Diet Drinks good in an Anasarca Sassafras with Roots of Burdock Butter Bur and the Leaves of Saxifrage Golden Rod adding to every Dose when its streined and sweetned with the Syrupe of the Five opening Roots some drops of Salt Armoniack succinated or Spirit of Salt or Tincture of Salt of Tartar which is an excellent Medicine in this Disease Chalybeat Medicines joyned with Antiscorbuticks Chalybeats made of the Filings of Steel are best in this Disease are also very advantageous when the Body hath been emptied of the watry Recrements by Purgatives both to refine and sweeten the Mass of Blood and in this case Salts of Steel are not so proper because they render the Mass of Blood more fierce Whereupon in a Dropsie seated in the habit of the Body such Chalybeats are to be Administred which are impraegnated with Sulphureous Particles giving an allay to the more fierce Saline as preparations made with the Filings of Steel and Powder of Steel prepared with Sulphur which being received into the Stomach and dissolved by its Saline Armoniac Ferment and transmitted to the Blood the Sulphureous Particles of the Metal do exalt the depressed Saline and Sulphureous parts of the Blood and raise its Fermentation by giving it new principles in order to Elaborate the Chyle and assimilate it into Blood These Chalybeat Medicines do rectifie the Ferments of the Stomach and the other Viscera which are Colatories of the Blood After Internal Medicines Topicks are to be of daster Universal Medicines have been given as Purgatives Diureticks Chalybeats and Diaphoreticks have been Administred Topicks may be safely applied in an Anasarca as Frictions Liniments Fomentations and Baths Empyricks do apply Vesicatories and Escaroticks which are not always safe as often accompanied with fatal Symptoms Frictions speak a great advantage to the Cure of an Anasarca Frictions good in an Anasarca to help Transpiration because the Pores of the outward parts are so stuffed with watry Recrements that they hinder insensible Transpiration and the Ambient parts grow chilly because the Blood hath not a free recourse to them by reason the Serous Recrements settled in the Interstices of the Vessels do so straighten them that the free Current of the Blood is retarded toward the Confines of the Body Whereupon Frictions with course Clothes and Brushes made for that use do heat the Ambient parts and by opening the Pores of the Skin do help Transpiration and refine the Blood by promoting the Current of it toward the Surface of the Body through which its fiery and effaete Steams are discharged Fomentations made lixivial by Ashes Fomentations are proper as provoking Sweat and insensible Transpiration and consisting of Emollient and Discutient Ingredients boiled in Waters in which Sugar hath been refined or in Lees of Wine do enlarge the Pores and provoke Sweat and by turning watry Recrements into Vapours do lessen the Tumours of the Ambient parts and alleviate the Anasarca by giving a liberty to the Blood to be impelled toward the Surface of the Body when rendred warm and thin by a hot discutient quality of the Fomentations which much assist the Circulation of the Purple Liquor embodied with crude serous Recrements Liniments are proper prepared with Emollient Discutient and Drying Medicines with Sulphur and Salts of divers kinds with unslacked Lime and other Minerals which being Powdered and embodied with Juices of Plants consisting of Volatil Salts brought by Art into the form of a Liniment to which for its better consistence Oil of Scorpions or Turpentine is to be added may be applied very warm to the Body to open its numerous Doors and breath out the Hydropick Humours by a free Diaphoresis Whereupon the serous and pituitous Tumours do often disappear and the Motion of the Blood
and Spirit in Distillation but when the Saline associated with Spirituous Atomes are rendred Volatil they are somewhat freed from the strict combination of Sulphur and Earth As it is evident in the Distillation of Wine after it is made fine by parting with its gross and earthy Lees fallen to the bottom of the Cask whereupon out of Wine secerned from its Faeces the Spirituous and Volatil parts will easily ascend and a Spirit of Wine may be readily extracted The Liquors expatiating themselves in the body of Animals The Liquors in the Bodies of Animals hold some proportion with those of Vegetables and especially in a Humane Body may have some analogy in their Fermentation with those of Vegetables whereupon the Liquors of our Bodies are endued with a moderate Fixation when first the Chyle is duly elaborated in the Stomach by the help of good Air Meats of easie Concoction and proper Ferments of Serous and Nervous Liquor distilling out of the Arteries and Nerves inserted into the inward Tunicle of the Stomach into the Cavity of the Ventricle whereby the well digested Chyle being secerned by a kind of Precipitation from the gross Saline and Sulphureous and earthy Faeces is transmitted through the Intestines wherein it is farther Concocted by the Pancreatick Juice and Arterial and Nervous Liquor by which the Chyle being rendred more attenuated is carried through the Thorax by proper Lacteae into the Subclavian Veins where it espousing the Blood in a near union receiveth a farther Exaltation and is assimilated into Vital Liquor whose more mild parts associated with Nervous Juice Nutrition of the solid parts is made by Assimilation become a good Succus Nutricius which being conveyed by innumerable Pores into the solid parts is made one uniform substance with them by Accretion But if upon the reception of highly salted Meat dried in the Sun or Smoak and other Meat hard of Digestion by reason the Succulent parts are dried up by the Salt and Smoak a crude Milky Humour is extracted The crudity of Chyle is produced by the Compage of the Aliment not duly opened because the too solid Compage of the Aliment is not duly opened by a gross Air a faint heat and ill Ferments of the Stomach whereby the Chyle is not well separated from the gross Saline Sulphureous and earthy Elements of the Meat and Drink whereupon the Intestines by reason of an impure Pancreatick Liquor and other ill Ferments do not attenuate the Chyle which is imported through the Breast into the Vital Liquor wherein it is not exalted by a dispirited Blood affected with gross Sulphureous and fixed Saline Atomes which being transmitted into the Interstices of the Vessels do highly torture the Membranous and Nervous parts of the Muscles producing a Rheumatism This Disease doth not only proceed from the fixed Saline parts of the Blood but from a depraved Nervous Liquor A Rheumatism proceedeth from ill Blood and Nervous Liquor which may be backed by probable Reason because Persons liable to Rheumatisms are often afflicted with Nervous disaffections as gentle rigors dispersed through the Membranous and Muscular parts of the Body which are a kind of Convulsive Motions seated in the Nervous and Tendinous Fibres involuntarily contracted by some sharp Humours And again the unnatural Contractions of Nerves proceed from a disaffected Nervous Liquor of which this Conjecture may be made because these Convulsive Motions were attended with the excretion of Urine as salt as Vinegar an Argument that part of the Acid Particles affecting the Nerves were discharged by Urine which were first secerned in the Glands and afterward imparted by the Veins or Lymphaeducts to the Mass of Blood carried by the Descendent Trunk of the Aorta and Emulgent Artery into the Glands of the Kidney where it is severed from the Blood and transmitted by the Urinary Ducts and Papillary Caruncles terminating into the Pelvis the entrance into the Ureters by which it is conveyed into the Bladder and so out of the Body by the Urethra Furthermore it may be conjectured An ill Nervous Liquor the cause of a Rheumatism That this Disease may partly borrow its production from vitiated Nervous Liquor disaffecting the sensible parts Because in the beginning of Rheumatisms Patients are often troubled with Dulness and pains of their Heads attended with Sleepiness which may come from a depraved Animal Liquor disaffecting the Coats of the Brain whence upon good grounds we may be induced to believe that a Rheumatism is not wholly derived from a disordered Mass of Blood but also from a Nervous Juice impraegnated with Saline Particles brought to a Fluor thereby rendred Acid whereupon the fixed saline parts of the Vital entring into a confaederacy with the Animal Liquor do raise brisk Fermentations exasperating the Membranes Nervous and Tendinous Fibres of the Muscles whence ensueth a high discomposure and torture of the Sensible parts So that the igredients of a Rheumatism may be truly judged the Fermentative part of the Nervous and Vital Liquor As to the Prognosticks of this Disease it is rarely attended with fatal Symptoms and after the great storms of disquiet and pain are allayed A Rheumatism is not dangerous a Calm ensueth and therefore a Rheumatism is not in it self liable to great danger but is a kind of Preservative as by its mediation other Diseases are discharged and the most discomposed Patient afterward is restored to Health by reason the Matter of the Disease the saline and acid Recrements most offensive to the inward and noble parts are discharged into the outward and into the upper and lower Limbs to secure the principles of Life from the assaults of a troublesome and impetuous Enemy Sometimes in a Rheumatism A Rheumatism flowing from saline and earthy parts concreted into a Chalky substance these fixed Saline in combination with earthy Particles are concreted into a Chalky substance accompanied with Extravasated Blood sometime tending to Suppuration which being of a Caustick nature doth corrode the Fleshy parts and Skin through which the Chalky Matter is discharged A Person of Honesty keeping a Livery Stable in the Strand was highly afflicted with a Rheumatism productive of divers Swellings in the Muscular parts accompanied with violent pains These Tumours proceeded from Saline and Earthy parts Concreted which did vent themselves very freely with Ulcerous Matter in divers parts of the Body and upon Blood-letting and Purging and Diet Drinks of Sarsaparilla and China boiled in Water and streined and mixed with new Milk the Pains were taken away and the Ulcers Cured by gentle detersive and drying Topicks and the Patient perfectly recovered his Health which he hath enjoyed for some Years Sometimes a Rhematism long afflicting a weak Chachectick Body A Rheumatism associated with an Atrophy vitiateth the Ferments of the Stomach producing an ill Chyle and Mass of Blood causing an Atrophy of the whole Body A Knight a Person of great Worth and Integrity being of a weak Constitution
to putrefaction and can in no wise be subservient to nutricion as foetide and putride which is sustained by sweet and well tempered parts of Chyle and Blood and nervous Liquor and not by putrid degenerate Matter the result of an unnatural Heat and ill qualified Ferments in the Stomach Wherefore it is requisite to preserve the select Oeconomy of Nature The Excrementitious parts are severed from the Alimentary by a gentle Heat not productive of putrefaction in the nourishmen well instituted by our Glorious Maker that the Heat of the Stomach and adjoyning parts assisting it should be Soft Delicate and Natural holding Analogy with the temper of the Aliment and so gently sever the Alimentary parts from the excrementitious not at all affecting them with noisom putride qualities because if the Meat and Drink be corrupted in the Stomach it cannot contribute any proper wholsome dispositions for the support of Strength Health and Life by reason the putride qualities of the Chyle when received by the lacteal Vessels into the subclavean and from thence transmitted by the Cava into the Right Chamber of the Heart must necessarily create unnatural Fermentations in it causing Fevers Inflammations of the Lungs Pleurisies and the Plague it self and many other Epidemial Diseases Farthermore it is so contrary to all Reason that Nature should contrive an ill constituted and a putrid principle of Chyle which being the foundation of Blood and nervous Liquor would ruine all the operations of Life Sense Motion and Generation in disposing the Organs in which the nobler and meaner Faculties reside with impure and noisome qualifications so that they cannot exercise their Functions which would speedily speak a period to the subsistence of Man and other inferior Animals Wherefore I conceive it not rational to believe that the Concoction of Meat and Drink in the Stomach should be performed by any Putrescent Fermentation which tendeth to a state of Corruption when the principles of the Body are disunited and the bond of Mixtion united by some unnatural heat and ill qualified Ferment and the Intestine Motion endeth in the Dissolution and Putrefaction of the Body But on the other side the Elaboration of the Alimentary Liquor The elaboration of the Aliment is accomplished by a perfective not corruptive Fermentation is accomplished by a Perfective Fermentation which is not founded in Corruption but exaltation of the Concocted Liquor separated from its gross Faeces by a gentle natural heat of the Stomach and nearly confining parts and by laudable Ferments well proportioned to the nature of the Aliment The Intestine Motion by which the Alimentary Liquor is rendred pure The Intesline Motion in the extracted Aliment resembleth the Fermentation of Vegetable Juyces and not putrid doth not exactly answer the Fermentation relating to the Juyces of Fruits as Wine Sider Perry and the like nor to the Fermentation of artificial Liquors of Ale Beer c. And though Unctuous Substances as Butter Oyl and Fat of Meat and other Sulphureous Liquors are immitted into the Retort of the Ventricle Fat substances do not hinder Concoction in a good Stomach yet they do not vitiate the Intestine Motion of a well qualified Stomach in reference to Concoction whereas if you inject Lard or any other fat Flesh or other Unctuous Liquor into Vessels filled with New Wine Ale or Beer the Must is checked in its too high Ebullition by quelling the activity of the Ferments which doth preserve the sweetness of the Wine which it first obtained in the Must And I conceive it very difficult for a Chymist though very Skilful to raise a Fermentation in Fat and Oily Bodies Again By adding Salt of Tartar or other Salts we take off Salt of Tartar doth check the too high Fermentation of Wines and precipitate their Faeces or hinder at least the Fermentation of Wines and do refine them by the Precipitation of their Faeces but we daily eat Salt with our Meats to render it more Savory and Pallatable which no way spoileth nor giveth allay to the Fermentation of the Stomach in point of Chylification which is farther evident in good Stomachs which easily digest Salt-Meats as Hung Beef salt Pork Herrings Ling Salt-Fish and this salt Flesh or Fish some Stomachs will more easily Concoct then some fresh Flesh or Fish which I conceive proceedeth from proper Ferments of the Ventricle more easily dissolving Salt then Fresh-Meats Though the Serous Liquor of the Blood is impraegnated not with acid Acid parts turn sweet in the Stomach as exalted by proper Ferments and a kindly heat of the Ventricle but saline Particles yet Vinegar whose essence is founded in Salt brought to a Fluor besprinkling and impraegnating Herbs made of variety of savory parts as also cold Meat with their acid Particles doth not give a disturbance to the Fermentation of the Stomach by reason those acid parts being exalted by the natural heat and proper Ferments of the Stomach do acquire a sweetness when they are turned into Chyle The Fermentation in the Juyces of Fruit Corn and the like The Fermentation of Vegetable Juices require a greater expansion then the Intestine Motion of Aliment in the Stomach made by artificial Ferments doth raise up the subjects fermented to greater Dimensions whence it being puffed up doth possess a larger place then before wherefore if the Intestine Motion of the Stomach doth in some sort run parallel in likeness with artificial Fermentation then the Cavity of the Stomach must be much enlarged and puffed up and the Abdomen and Face and other parts must be swelled in this strong Fermentation which is not agreeable to the Stomach and other parts of Mans Body But this Fermentation of Vegetables doth not suit with a Humane Stomach which is acted with a soft heat and kindly Ferments making no intumescence in our Bodies as is made in the artificial Fermentations of Fruit and the like Liquors in these Fermentations being made hot receive an allay by the mixture of cold Water which disorders the Intestine Motion in artificial but not in natural Fermentations and in that of our Stomachs in which though the Intestine Motion hath begun its Course yet we please our selves in large draughts of Small-beer Wine and strong Liquor assisteth the Stomach in Concoction which do no way disturb but rather promote our Concoction in diluting the more solid Meat with fluid Liquor which doth render it soft and more apt to have its Alimentary Juice extracted and sometimes we take off our Cups freely in the beginning sometimes in the middle and other times in the close of our Repast without the violation of Nature in order to the digestion of Aliments Whereupon it is most evident by the Premises The Fermentation of Meat and Drink in the Stomach is different from that of Vegetable Juices that the Intestine Motion of our Stomach is very different from the Fermentation of other Vegetable Juices And when we drink
its Divarications terminating into the Coats of the Stomach whence the Fibres grow senseless and stupid wholly unmindful of their duty of Contraction producing the greatest misdemeanor of the Expulsive Faculty the loss of its Function whereby it giveth no ease to the Stomach by taking off its burden of Recrements the reliques of Concoction The lost Tone of the Stomach flowing from the Fibres of the Brain Another disaffection of the expulsive Faculty of the Stomach floweth from the compression of the Fibres of the Brain by a quantity of extravasated Blood Cephalick Potions are good in this distemper compressed by a quantity of Stagnant Blood lodged in the Cortex of the Brain and intecepting the admission of the animal Liquor into the Extreamities of the nervous Fibrils doth indicate Blood letting to make good the circulation of it and to discharge the Brain from its importunate extravasation destructive of the Principal and sometimes of all the Functions relating to the Head The lost Tone of the Stomach is derived also from the grossness of the Nervous Liquor stopping up the Origen of the Nervous Fibres whence the propagation of the animal Liquor and Spirits is hindred into the eighth pair of Nerves implanting many Branches into the Stomach This Disease doth denote cephalick Decoctions mixed with Aqua Paeoniae Comp. Brion Comp. Lavendul Comp. c. Cephalick Pills and Electuaries compounded of Conserves of Lime Flowers Lillies of the Valley Flowers of Betony and Rosemary mixed with Powder of Amber Castor c. and made up with some cephalick Syrup Drinking after it a large Draught of a specifick Julap which do attenuate the gross Saline parts of Blood and Animal Liquor rendring them fluid and fit to be received into the extreamities of the nervous Fibrils in the Brain and to pass into the Interstices of the Filaments of the Par Vagum and its Branches inserted into the Stomach whereupon the Tone of the Stomacick Fibres is rectified disposing them to exert their due expulsive Operations caused by the influence of a well qualified animal Liquor giving vigor to the Fibres seated in the Stomach in order to discharge its Excrements and Reliques of Concoction The second Error of the expulsive Faculty may be deduced from a remisness in doing its Duty of Contraction The Second Error of the expulsive Faculty is the faintness of the Tones relating to the Stomacick Fibres wherein the Stomacick Fibres being faint and lazy by reason they are not acted with good animal Liquor and Spirits as the efficient of soporiferous Diseases lodged in the upper Apartment of the Head whereupon the Fibres of the Stomach being destitute of laudable nervous juyce render the expulsive Power stupid and unactive The remiss action of the Stomacic Fibres may also proceed from a cold and moist Distemper in Hydropic and other Chronick Diseases The weakness of Stoma-Fibres flowing from a cold and moist distemper produced by a super-abundance of watry Humors not secerned in the Glands of the Kidneys and transmitted by the urinary Ducts and papillary Caruncles into the Pelvis and Ureters whereupon the Blood groweth watry and is returned through the Heart and Lungs by variety of Vessels into the descendent Trunk of the Aorta and thence watry Blood passeth by the Caeliac Artery into the Stomach imparting to it a cold and moist indisposition whereby the Fibres of the Ventricle are rendred flabby and unable to perform such a Contraction as is requisite for a due expulsion of the dregs of Concoction altogether unprofitable to Nature in point of Refection of the Body by Aliment which it vitiateth by its over long stay in the Stomach instituted primarily by Nature to be a receptacle of Meat and Drink and not of Recrements which the Stomach dischargeth as irksom to it The remiss Action of the expulsive Faculty The weakness of Stomacick Fibres may proceed firm the too free Draughts of cold water and other cooling Liquors which is cured by warm and drying remedies caused by weak Stomacic Fibres may also arise from immoderate Drinking of cold Water and other cooling Liquors which do confound the natural heat of the Stomach and make its Fibres stupid and flaccide whence the Ventricle groweth insensible of its burden and faint in Contraction in order to the discharge of Faetulencys a grand impediment to Concoction The faint Tone of Stomacic Fibres proceeding from a cold and moist distemper in Hydropic Diseases doth signifie warm and drying Remedies and the depuration of the purple Liquor is effected by purging and diuretic Medicines expelling by Urine and Stools the watry Recrements of the Blood and Stomach whose weak Tone is afterwards repaired by bitter and astringent Remedies as Wine prepared with Steel and Decoctions of Gentian Roots Enula-Campane the tops of Centaury the less and also Thirty or Forty drops of Elixir proprietatis taken three or four times a day in a draught of old and generous Rhenish Wine The third kind of disaffection The depraved action of the Stomach is when the Fibres are ever-contracted in Purging Vomitings Hyccops c. incident to the Stomach and that none of the least is the depraved action of the expulsive Faculty when it is too much heightned and aggrieved when the Fibres of the Stomach are receptive of great degrees of Contraction then are instituted by naure as in Purgings Hyccops Nauseatings Vomitings and in both Purgings and Vomitings immediately succeeding each other as in a Disease called Cholera In Purgings the Stomach beginneth to contract her right annular and oblique Fibres near the Left Orifice of the Stomach where its Cavity is first lessened and step by step more and more as the Fibres contract themselves toward the Pylorus where the Ventricle being contracted must by consequence discharge offensive Humors out of the Confines of the Stomach into the Duodenum so that Purging may be described an excretory Motion of the Ventricle briskly performed by a vigorous tone of Fibres gradually contracting themselves from the Left to the Right Orifice as from Term to Term Vomiting is the unkindly Motion of the alimentary Liquor and Reliques of Concoction The inverted peristaltick motion of the Guts doth cause the Stomach to throw up recrements and the pituitous Humors incrusting the inside of the Stomach as also of the bilious and pancreatick Liquors transmitted from the Liver and Pancreas by an inverted peristaltic Motion of the Duodenum into the Ventricle which doth solicit the Stomacic Fibres by a troublesome importunity to eject all offensive Recrements the bounds of the Stomach upward wherein it prudently consulteth its ease and quiet which is also frequently discomposed by a thinner and more troublesome Matter the result of an ill Concoction received into the bosom of the Stomach which I conceive is generated after this manner Meat and Drink are admitted into the Ventricle and their Elaboration in order to Digestion is matured by Heat and Ferments entring into the Compage
The third indisposition of the Concoctive Faculty The depraved action of the digestive power of the Guts belonging to the Intestines is its depraved action produced by ill Ferments of sharp Bilious and sour Pancreatick Liquor vitiating the extracted Aliment in the Guts and afterward spoiling the Mass of Blood when it is received into association with it in the Blood Vessels and Chambers of the Heart As to the first disaffection of the lost Concoctive Faculty in the Intestines The obstruction of the Hepatick and Pancreatick Ducts are Cured by Aperient Medicines proceeding from the defect of Bilious and Pancreatick Liquor caused by the obstruction of the Hepatick and Pancreatick Ducts it doth indicate proper Aperient Medicines made of the Roots of Dogs-Grass Wild Asparagus Parsley and Salendine the great the Rine of Ash Tamarisk Barberies The Cure of the Celiack Passion and the shavings of Ivory c. Of which Alterative Apozems may be prepared with Purgatives to which may be added Chalybeat Medicines mixed with Antiscorbuticks which will regain the Concoctive Faculty of the Guts as well as Stomach The second distemper belonging to the Concoctive power of the Guts called the Caeliack Affection wherein a Secretion of the Chyle from the Faeces is not performed by reason of unactive Bile and Pancreatick Liquor and dispirited Serous and Nervous Liquors it doth denote the same method of Cure and Medicines proper to a Lientery from which it differeth only in Degree As to the Cure of the third Disaffection The depraved Concoctive power proceeding from the acrimony of Bile and acidity of the Pancreatick Juice is Cured by Testaceous powders and Antiscorbutick and Chalybeat Medicines the depraved function of the Concoctive power appertaining to the Guts derived from the acrimony of Bile and the sourness of the Pancreatick Juice it denoteth by reason of the sharpness of the Bile Acids as Juice of Oranges Pomgranates Berberies and the like and the acid quality of the Pancreatick Liquor may be rectified by Testaceous Powders and by Antiscorbutick and Chalybeat Preparations which do first correct the acidity of the Blood and afterward the Pancreatick Liquor so that this useful Recrement may be subservient to the extracting and refining Chyle in the Guts Another disaffection of the Intestines and that none of the least by reason it concerneth the Nutricion of the whole Body is when the distributive faculty of the Chyle is either wholly taken away or much lessened which may proceed either from the clamminess of the Chyle or from the grossness of pituitous Humours more or less obstructing the Orifices of the Lacteal Vessels seated in the Intestines or by the natural straightness of the Extreamities themselves as having too Minute Perforations The Cure of this Disease may be assisted with a good Diet The disaffected distributive faculty of Chyle proceeding from its grossness and viscidity is Cured perfectly by the assumption of good Aliment and by Attenuating Inciding and Deterging Medicines in eating of Meat easie of Concoction and by drinking of good Wine which much promoteth the Digestion of the Stomach and Guts to which may be added Attenuating Inciding and Detergent Medicines which do thin and cut the viscidity of the Chyle and cleanse the Intestines from overmuch clammy Phlegm and also open the over small and obstructed Extreamities of the Lacteal Vessels implanted into the Guts The Intestines also are incident to divers Diseases in reference to their Expulsive Faculty when the Peristaltick Motion is too slow or too quick or aggrieved with the discomposure of Pain The slowness of the Motion of the Guts The slowness of the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts derived from its stupid nervous coat doth indicate Cephalick Medicines proceedeth either from the stupid indisposition of the Nervous Coat not resenting the trouble of gross Excrements when the Nervous Fibrils inserted into the inward Coat of the Intestines have their acute Sense lessened proceeding from the want of Animal Spirits intercepted first in the Fibrous parts of the Brain and by consequence in the Nerves of the Guts produced by Cephalick Diseases compressing or obstructing the Fibrils seated in the Brain This disaffection is Cured by proper Methods and Medicines relating to the Diseases of the Head of which I will Treat hereafter in the Pathology of the Brain The slowness of the Peristaltick Motion The slowners of the Expulsive quality of the Guts coming from Narcoticks may be Cured by strong Purgatives and sharp Clysters incident to the Guts may be also derived from Narcotick Medicines dulling the acute sense of the Nerves terminating into the inward Tunicle of the Intestines whereupon they are not sensible of their Burden when they are oppressed with Excrements this Disaffection may admit a Cure by strong Purgatives and sharp Clysters The remissness of the Expulsive power of the Guts The slowness of the Peristaltick Motion proceeding from the hot and dry temper of the Guts doth indicate cold and moist Applications may arise from the viscid and indurated Contents flowing from ill Concoction the other from the heat of the Guts exhausting the Liquid parts of the Excrements This Disease importeth drinking good store of Whey and other thin cold and moist Medicines and a Diet consisting much of thin Broths Water-gruel Barley-gruel Barley-cream Oatmeal-caudle made with Water and Oatmeal and Small-Beer and cold and moist Medicines as Ptisanes and Emulsions prepared with the cooling Seeds and sometimes may be advised Lenient Purgatives when the Guts are overcharged with a load of Excrements The overhasty Motion of the Guts The overhasty motion of the Guts is appeased by Lenient and Astringeat Purgatives and Alteratives is made in a Lientery and Caeliack Passion proceeding from the quantity of crude and indigested Aliment provoking the Nervous and Carnous Fibrils to excretion this disaffection of the Guts is visible also in Diarrhaea's proceeding from salt Phlegm and from Bilious and Serous Excrements discomposing the tender compage of the Guts and irritating them to Expulsion The Cure of this Disease is performed by Lenient and Astringent Purgatives prepared with Diascordium Myrabolans Rubarb c. Which at once throw off the troublesome Excrements and corroborate the Carnous Fibres of the Guts in order to their Retentive Faculty Afterward Purgatives Astringent Medicines may be safely Administred as the Decoctum Album given with Astringent Electuaries and in case of great Fluxes much impairing the strength of the Body Narcoticks may be advised as Laudanum Londinense and drops of Liquid Laudanum prepared with Juice of Quinces or Tartar The Peristaltick Motion of the Guts is highly violated in a Dysentery which may admit this Definition As being an Ulcer of the Intestines accompanied with frequent Stools and great tortures of the Bowels proceeding from a sharp corroding Matter Dysenteries are often complicated with other Diseases of the Guts as Inflammations Abscesses Ulcers Gangreens and Mortifications Inflammations of the Guts producing Dysenteries are
a Disaffection of it and afterward runneth tranversely under the Stomach where the Colon being highly extended by a Flatus doth seem to girt the Body as with a Girdle and then the pain passeth down to the Spleen and left Kidney according to the progress of the Colon. This Disease is distinguished from the pain of the Stomach The pain of the Stomach iâ—seated above the Navil by reason of the Ventricle is always found above the Navil and passeth to the Spine between the Plate-Bones of the Shoulders adjacent to the ninth Vertebre of the Back to which the Stomach is fastned The Colick Pain is more hardly distinguishable from that of the Kidneys Colick pains are distinguished from that of the Kidney because the first is Pungent and Tensive and the other more â—ull and passeth down the side of the Belly to the Groin because they do agree in many Symptomes as the pain of the Belly Nauseousness Vomiting the suppression of Stools pain of the Back c. and are differenced by reason the pain of the Intestines is Tensive and Pungent and that of the Kidney dull and aking The Colick pain taketh up a great space in the lower Venter and Nephretick pain is confined within a small compass and is fixed in the same place and the Colick Passion runneth from side to side according to the progress of the Colon and the pain of the Kidney passeth down the side of the Abdomen to the Groin observing the course of the Ureters the Vomitings and suppression of gross Excrements are more violent in the Colick and the pain of the Kidney more oppresseth the Back and Thighs and the Disability of standing Upright is greater in the disaffection of the Kidneys then in Colick pains Although the pain in this Disease draweth the whole Apartiment into consent and more particularly the Intestines yet it s most proper sphear is the Colon where it is chiefly resident and most highly acteth its part proceeding from troublesome Contents lodged either in the Cavity or within the Tunicles of the great Gut which being of different dispositions do produce more remiss or intense pains as they offer less or greater violations to the tender Compage of the Colon as it is a Contexture made up of innumerable small Nervous Fibrils The Colon hath variety of pains produced by several Humours The variety of pains relating to the Colon. some are Burning and Beating others Piercing and Fixed some Pungent and Wandring and others Tensive The Colick Passion accompanied with heat and beating pains The Colick accompanied with beating pains is from Blood impelled into the substance of the Guts ariseth out of Blood impelled out of the Terminations of the Capillary Mesenterick Arteries into the substance of the Coats relating to the Colon wherein it is Stagnant as not received into the Extreamities of the Mesenterick Veins whence issueth an inflammation accompanied with great heat and beating pain coming also from the laceration of the capillary Arteries by a violent distention of the Coats in the Colon. A Man of mean condition being many days afflicted with violent Colick-pains could not be relieved by the help of Art and was at last freed from his trouble and misery by a happy departure His Body being opened and the Caul taken off the Guts the Colon appeared to equal the Calf of the Leg in bigness being highly distended with a large proportion of flatulent Matter and was swelled and inflamed where it was in conjunction with the Mesentery derived from a quantity of Blood flowing out of the broken capillary Arteries into the Parenchyma of the Colon produced by their over-great distention upon a high Flatus most conspicuous in this case High Colick pains denote large and repeated Blood-letting Colick pains proceeding from inflammations de note large Evacuation of Blood effected by Art to prevent the inflammation of the Colon and to hinder suppuration in this distemper which is of a dangerous consequence in the Guts proving often fatal to the Patient as ending in Gangreens Putrefaction and Death Decoction of Sarsaparilla and China are very good as accompanied with Flowers of Red Roses Sanicle Prunell Ladies Mantle Mouse Ear and other temperate or cooling Astringents and vulnerary Medicines which may be safely given in the beginning of the inflammation to hinder suppuration which if it cannot be helped gentle cleansing moderate and drying Medicines are to be advised to change and exiccate the ulcerous Matter and afterward healing and consolidating Medicines may be safely administred Piercing and fixed pains of the Colon may proceed from a sharp pancreatick Liquor mixed with clammy Phlegme Piercing and fixed pain may come from sharp pancreatick Liquor blended with viscid Phlegme which confineth the pain to some particular part of the Colon in which the noisome Recrements are lodged A young Maiden was tortured with grievous Colick pains as it were piercing the great Gut which could not be alleviated with purging Potions and Emollient and Discutient Clysters and although the fierceness of the pain was appeased for some space by Fomentations yet it returned again with great violence and at last spake a period to her miserable days The lower Apartiment being opened much vitreous Phlegme was discovered which lined the Colon in divers parts now and then equalling the bigness of a Bean and other times the greatness of a Walnut Pungent Colick pains may arise sometimes from sharp bilious Humors Colick pains may arise from sharp bilious Humors lodged within the Coats of the Guts lodged within the Coats of the Intestines giving their tender Fibrils a most high disturbance with sharp pricking pains A Child was highly afflicted with great Gripes accompanied with severe Convulsions which could not be quieted with proper Clysters and Fomentations so that at last after this great storm of Pains and Convulsive motions followed a calme of Death The Child being opened in the lower Venter her Guts were discovered to be tinged with a Saffron Colour running the length of the Intestines which proceeded from bilious Recrements mixed with Blood impelled by the termination of the misenterick Arteries into the Parenchyma of the Guts and lodged between their Tunicles which gave that Yellow hue to them This Disease denoteth Purging This Disease is cured by Medicines good for the Jaundies and alterative Medicines made of Salendine the great Turmerick Shavings of Ivory Rines of Berberies and Ash boiled in Water and Wine which do open the obstructed hepatick Duct and discharge the sharp bilious Recrements into the Intestines Pungent Colick pains may also be derived from sharp pancreatick and bilious Liquor not contained within the Coats of the Intestines but lodged in the Cells of the Colon highly torturing the fine contëxture of the inward Coat composed of numerous nervous Fibrils curiously interwoven by discomposing the union of their frame and in some sort severing them one from another which speaketh a high trouble and high trouble and pain to
the most sensible nervous Filaments A young Child of an Apothecary in Southwark was highly afflicted in his Bowels which gave him great pain and inquietude bringing a close to the Tragedy of his dolorous Life Whereupon the inward Recesses of the lower Venter being inspected and the Guts opened they were found universally turgid with bilious Humors flowing from the Liver the Colatory of the Blood which was highly tinged with Choler dispersed through the whole mass of vital Liquor In order to the cure of this sucking Child I prescribed to the Nurse many proper Medicines good against Wind and to refine and sweeten the Milk and very aperitive of the Liver and also advised the Nurse to take Possets Water-gruel Barley-gruel Broths c. and to forbear all Flesh Meat during the great illness of the Child These pricking pains Pricking Colick pains may proceed from ill pancreatick and billions Recrements accompanying the Colick are oftentimes the sad consequence of Acide pancreatick Liquour confederated with sharp bilious Recrements which being endued with contrary Elements of most different dispositions flowing from Acide and Saline Particles doe make great effervescences and raise high storms in the Cells of the Colon wherein they are confined and offer intolerable violations to the fine nervous Compage of the Guts by lacerating and disjoyning their Filaments whence ensue great tortures the sad associates of this turbulent Distemper An East-India Merchant of a gross Body and a high mass of Blood accompanied with much Choler and other Recrements fell into violent Colick pains at his Countrey-House about Ten miles from London and sent for me presently after the beginning of the Storm which was so highly afflictive that it caused him frequently to cry out like a Woman in Travail Whereupon I advised the most proper Medicines to give him ease as carminative Clysters mixed with Purgatives and Fomentations consisting of emollients and discutients as Leaves of Mallows March-Mallows St. Johns-wort Centaury the less Wormwood and Linseed Faenugreke Seed Juniper Berries and Bay-Berries of Chamaemel Elder and Melilote boiled in Water to which being streined was added Spirit of Wine which at last gave Ease and the Patient discharged a quantity of Choler mixed with pancreatick Liquor which made such an Ebullition so that the liquid Recrements coming away with the Clyster fermented like new Balme As to the Cure of this Colick The cure of a Colick coming from acide Recrements doth denote Testaceous Powders to be taken with antiscorbutick Apozemes caused by acide pancreatick Liquor it indicates testaceous Powders of prepared Pearl Coral Crabs Eies and Claws Egg-shells c. as also Antimonium Diaphoreticum which being given with Antiscorbutick Apozemes do correct the Acidity of the pancreatick Juyce As to the acrimony of bilious Humors they may be tempered with acide and oily Medicines and Emulsions made of Barley cooling White Poppey Seed and blaunched Almonds dulcified with fine Sugar Colick pains may proceed from a great load of gross and dry Faeces Colick pains from a quantity of gross Faeces lodged in the Cavity of the Guts lodged in the Cavity of the Guts caused by the want of Choler suppressed by the obstruction of the haepatick Duct which is instituted by nature to solicite the expulsion of Excrements which being long detained in great quantity do disorder the Guts by an over great Extension which may be frequently seen in dead Bodies dissected upon Colick pains Colick pains called by the Latines Dolores tensivi A Colick from the inflation of the Bowels a flatibus membranas coli distendentibus do arise from a great quantity of flatulent Matter seated in the Cells of the Colon whence ensueth a great distention of this great Gut composed of many nervous Fibrils flowing from inflation made by a great deal of thin Matter of an expansive Nature which is often confined within the Cavity of the Guts by a quantity of hard Excrements hindring its passage through the Intestines And before I Treat any more of the progress of this Disease I will endeavour to give some account of the flatulent Matter its Pedigree and Causes if it be considered in a natural State it may prove serviceable to the Intestines as it is mild and grateful The Tenseness of the Guts from a mild Flatus arising out of Chyle as a gentle Flatus is generated out of laudable Chyle Whereupon it giveth no trouble or discomposure to the Guts by immoderate inflation but rendreth them more active and vigorous by giving them a greater Tenseness by which the peristaltick Motion is assisted in reference to the expulsion of Excrements The Colick Disease is attended with a worse Flatus An unkindly Flatus proceeding from a crude Chyle and from ill Ferments of the Guts which is praeternatural and is produced by Vapours as a Materia substrata arising out of crude Chyle in the Guts and by the heat and ill Ferments of the Acide pancreatick Juyce and acrimonious Bile and Serous and Nervous fermentative efficient Causes consisting of Acide Saline and Sharp Particles raising disorderly effervescences in time of concocting Chyle in the Intestines whence are propagated turbulent Vapours which being more and more rarefied by the heat of the Guts do acquire greater degrees of Volatility Flatus is derived from Vapours rendred Volatil and endued with Elastick Particles of an expansive nature and are at last turned into a flatulent windy Matter made of elastick Particles which being of a springy Expansive temper is not willing to be confined within narrow limits and is naturally ambitious to expatiate and embody it self with Air as near akin to it in point of its elastick Principles giving it a power to dilate it self Whereupon flatulent Matter being violently detained within and compressed by the straight Confines of the Guts doth endeavour to its utmost to break prison by making first a great distention and afterwards a laceration of the Intestines whence arise great agonies of pains and sometimes Convulsive Motions by irritating the nervous and carnous Fibres to great Contractions to ease themselves of the importunate sollicitations of a troublesome Flatus making violent appulses upon the tender Walls of the Guts composed of numerous fine Filaments which are forcibly parted from each other by Elastick Expansive attempts of the flatulency endeavouring to break the Coats of the Guts and make its way by inflation And one great cause of a Flatus giving a high pain and trouble A Flatus giveth pain to the tender Fibres of the Bowels by overmuch extending them is its Confinement within the narrow compass of the Guts so that it is not capable to make its way through them into the more open Air to incorporate with it Whereupon the tender Compage of the Intestines integrated of most sensible Filaments and the carnous Fibres nearly adjoyning the nervous Coat being drawn into consent do contract themselves and thereby lessen the Cavity of the Guts and render
the Veins and Arteries And in some Men having ill habits of Body their Spleen is sometime Round Triangular and other times Quadrangular and very much pointed and divided into many Lobes And Bartholine giveth an account of a Spleen which resembles the Globules of a Bullocks Kidney which I conceive were its Tumified Glands The bigness of the Spleen is various in different Bodies and Constitutions The preternatural greatness of the Spleen in unhealthy Persons and is commonly six Transverse Figures in length three in breadth and a Thumb in depth and in ill Constitutions hath an extravagant greatness extending it self into the Cavity of the Abdomen so that it may be discerned by an outward Touch which is more frequent in Fenny Countries where the People drink corrupt stagnant Waters Lindanus giveth an account of the Frieslanders to have great Spleens which he attributeth to the drinking of a great quantity of soure Butter-Milk which I conceive may render the serous parts of the Blood and Succus Nutricius gross and somewhat concreted and stagnant in the Parenchyma of the Spleen whereupon it may obtain a greater bulk then ordinary This noble part is accommodated with various kinds of Vessels Arteries Veins Nerves Lymphaeducts whereupon it may be stiled a Systeme made up of numerous Vessels accompanied with many Minute Glands and Membranous Cells It hath two Arteries the one entreth into the upper The Arteries of the Spleen and the other the lower Region of the Spleen according to Diemerbroeck and according to Malpighius in four Branches which do most commonly sprout out of the Branch of the left Caeliack having the appellative of the Splenick Artery and sometime from a Branch immediately arising out of the Trunk of the Aorta and making an oblique progress near the side of the Pancreas is afterward admitted into the Spleen and propagates fruitful Divarications wherein the Blood being impelled into the Interstices of the Vessels The unkindly pulsation of the Arteries proceeding from a stagnation of Blood in the habit of the Body and not having a free recourse into the Extreamities of the Veins a great Pulsation ariseth giving a high discomposure to the Patient of which Tulpius maketh mention Lib. 2. Obser 28. and was so great and wonderful that it was heard Thirty Foot by the Standers by An eminent Vein ariseth out of the Spleen The Veins of the Spleen which is commonly stiled the Splenick Branch whence are propagated numerous Ramulets into its Substance which uniting themselves do form three or more greater Branches and creeping out of the ambient parts of the Spleen do associate in one common Splenick Branch and passing crossways under the Stomach above the upper surface of the Caul and then arriveth the Vena Porta into which it dischargeth its Vital Liquor which is afterward dispersed into the Liver The Nerves of the Spleen are lodged in the Left Side The Nerves of the Spleen proceeding from the Intercostal Trunk and Par Vagum and are the second rowl of Nervous Fibres of the left Mesenterick Branch accompanying the Arteries in great Divarications which being imparted to the Spleen do furnish it with innumerable Minute Branches far exceeding all other Vessels in number So that the Spleen may be truly called a Compage The substance of the Spleen integrated for the most part of branches of Nerves and Fibres making numerous Divarications through the whole frame of the Spleen whose fruitful Extreamities are inserted into all parts of its substance therein dispersing Nervous Liquor into the spaces of the Vessels which afterward embodieth with the Blood very much heightned with this choice Juice The Spleen is in a great part framed of Nervous Fibres This part is furnished with numerous Fibres which some have mistaken for Veins as if they were the off-spring of the Splenick Branch But in truth as Learned Highmore hath well observed are fine Filaments or rather Fibres which are Systemes of many thin Threads by no means taking their rise from the Splenick Artery or Vein variously complicated with each other after the manner of Network and are firmly tied to the inward surface of the Tunicle immediately investing the Spleen from whence they seem to borrow their Origination and about these Fibres the Parenchyma of the Spleen seemeth to be Circumvolved and interspersed every where with many Holes which resemble the empty Spaces interceding the mashes of a Net The rise and propagation of the Nervoue Fibres of the Spleen not unlike the Cavities seated in Pumice-Stones or Sponges And these innumerable Fibres sporting themselves through the body of the Spleen have some great use seeing they are a very considerable part of the Spleen and as I conceive are Nervous Fibres proceeding from the Mesenterick Abdominal Plex These Fibres spring from the interior Membrane investing the Spleen and are propagated crossways from the upper to the lower Region and are implanted into its Tunicle both above and below after they have made many Inosculations with each other and in their progress through the inward substance of the Spleen do touch upon the Casula or common Coat of the Vessels and do not observe one direct Course but make many Maeanders and Arches often parting and meeting again in manner of Network and many of them are at last inserted into the inward Tunicle of the Spleen These Fibres are composed of many Filaments The contexture of the Nervous Fibres seated in the Spleen curiously set together with thin Membranous Ligaments passing the length of the Fibres whose Filaments being parted we may take an elegant prospect of the Productions Inosculations of the Minute Capillary Branches of the Fibrils and how they are propagated through the inward Recesses of the Spleen and terminate into its inward Membrane whereupon we may be drawn into belief upon easie terms that these numerous Fibres are the off-spring of the proper Coat of the Spleen and the Capsula of the Vessels that the many small Capillary Arteries Veins Nerves and Lymphaeducts and the tender structure of the Spleen may be preserved from ill accidents and the danger of Laceration And it may be farther inquired into the nature of these Fibres The Fibres of the Spleen are not endued with manifest Cavities by reason they have been taken for Blood Vessels whether they are endued with any manifest Cavities To which the Reply may be made in the Negative As they have many thin Filaments so closely adapted to each other by fine Membranes that no evident hollowness may be discerned and in this capacity they have a likeness with Nerves which are compages made of many fine Threads destitute of all visible Cavity And great search hath been made Whether these Fibres sprouting out of the inward Coat of the Spleen do end into some determinate part in the manner of other Excretory Vessels but upon a diligent inspection into the progress of the Fibres which seem to be the propagation of Nerves
these Vegetable Medicines being bitter are not only Aperitive but do also strengthen the Tone of the Liver and in this case Vomitories are often prescribed with good success by reason the inverted Peristaltick Motion of the Guts doth open the termination of the Choledoch Duct and force the Liver to discharge her Bilious Faeculencies into the Guts An Infusion of Horse Dung and other Aperitive Medicines which are Diuretick made in an equal quantity of Water and White Wine are very advantageous in this Disease Jaundies being a Disease of the Liver A Jaundies caused by thin acrimonious Choler entring into the roots of the Vena Cava of the Liver is not only derived from the smallness of the Extreamities belonging to the Choledoch Duct and Bladder of Gall and from their Obstruction caused by gross Choler mixed with a Pituitous Matter and from Stones lodged in their Cavities intercepting the passage of Bilious Recrements into the Guts but also from the thinness of Choler and sharpness associated with Blood penetrating the Roots of the Vena Cava and thereby returning toward the Heart Bile appertaining to the Liver is endued with Lixivial Salt much exalted and brought to a Fluor by Acid Liquor transmitted with the Blood by the Porta into the glands of this Bowel wherein these different Elements as opposite Agents do make great disputes with each other by which a high Effervescence doth arise rendring the substance of Choler more thin fluid and sharp whereby it opens the Extreamities of the Capillaries relating to the Cava and doth very much pervert the Crasis of the Blood as infecting it with acid saline Particles giving it a high tincture of Yellow The Acrimony of Choler in the Liver when it unnaturally Fermenteth The sharpness of Choler is tempered by Oily Particles mixed with Lixivial Salts receiveth an allay from some oily Particles mixed with Lixivial Salt which is also sweetned by the Liquor destilling out of the terminations of Nerves implanted into the substance of the Glands So that the oily parts of the Bile associated with Nervous Liquor do attemper its sharpness and give it a kindly Effervessence exerted by Intestine Motion in the glands of the Liver wherein the Blood is depurated by a regular Secretion of its Bilious Recrements But on the other side an extravagant ebullition of Bile is made when the Oily Particles of Choler being too few are over-acted with Lixivial Salt brought to a Fluor by Acid Liquor transmitted from the Spleen so that the Bilious parts grow thin sharp and fluid and do not enter into the Excretory Ducts but disorderly pierce the Roots of the Cava The fermentative temper of the Blood is vitiated in the Liver by saline and acid Particles and disturb the kindly Fermentative disposition of the Blood overcharged with saline parts of Choler by which sometimes it is made aeruginous and other times Black as it participates of less or greater degrees of Exaltation produced by less or more acidity of Serous Liquor imparted with Blood from the Spleen whereupon Choler acquireth a thin subtle and piercing nature rendring it apt to unlock the minute Orifices of Vessels This Hypothesis may seem to be made good in the Jaundies proceeding from the biting of a Viper by striking his Teeth into the Flesh whereby the Vesicles lying under his Teeth are broken and the Poison contained in them destilleth into the Wound so that the Blood is immediately infected which returning by the Veins to the Heart maketh great Lypothymies and Tremulous Motions is thence conveyed by the Aorta Caeliack and Mefenterick Arteries and Vena Porta into the glands of the Liver whereupon the Bilious Particles of the Blood are acted with a high Effervescence by the subtle parts of Poyson making the Bile very thin and fluid A Jaundies proceeding from Poyson rendring the Bilious parts of the Blood so fluid that they open the roots of the Cava piercing the Roots of the Cava whence the Choler highly Fermenting doth tinge the whole Mass of Blood with Yellow which being transmitted by the Cava to the Heart is thence impelled into the inward and ambient parts of the Body clothing them with a Yellow Coat a true Badg of the Jaundies This assertion may be farther evidenced in good Fellows Jaundies derived from drinking of strong Liquors who fall into the Jaundies upon drinking great quantities of generous Liquors as strong Wine Brandies c. which abounding with Spirituous parts and much volatil Salt do put the Purple Juice upon a high Effervescence and impraegnate the Bile mixed with Blood with Fermentative dispositions rendring it subtle and fluid in the glands of the Liver whereby it insinuateth it self into the small Extreamities of the Vena Cava and from thence is carried to the Heart and so hueth the whole Mass of Blood and surface of the Body with a Yellow Tincture a plain Symptome of the Jaundies Learned Sylvius hath given a good Instance of this Case Praxeos Medicae Cap. 46. Sect. 7. Observavi autem in Dissectione Ictericorum non sâ—mper Obstructum esse ductum aut Intestinalem aut Cysticum And this Learned Author further saith in the same Chapter Sect. 61. In cujusdam icterici mortui sectione memini me aliquando observare Sanguinem solito acidiorem The Cure of the Jaundies The Cure of a Jaundies produced by an ebulition of Choler issuing from the too high Effervescence of Choler derived from Acids too much exalting the Lixivial Salt and Choler doth denote Oily and Fat Medicines which do depress the Fermentative quality of sour Particles and Testaceous Powders Crabs Eyes Pearl Crabs Claws Coral c. do give an allay to over-acid Ferments And cooling Emulsions and Julaps do contemperate the Ebullition of too much exalted Choler and also in this case gentle Purgatives of Tamarinds Cassia Syrupe of Peach Flowers and Purgative and Diuretick Mineral Waters may be advised to dulcifie the Acid Humors and carry them off by Stool and Urine as very advantageous in this kind as well as other Jaundies proceeding from great Obstructions of the Excretory Vessels relating to the Liver As to the Jaundies borrowing its rise from the Poyson of a Viper or any other Animal it may be Cured by Sweating Bezoartick Medicines full of volatil Salt Treacle made of the dried Flesh of Vipers Salt of Vipers and Harts Horn Spirit of Salt Armoniack Diaphoretick Antimony and Bezoartick Mineral c. The Jaundies also take their rise from an Inflammation of the Liver A Jaundies caused by the inflammation of the Liver sometimes accompanied with a Gangraen flowing from a great proportion of Blood stagnant in the glands of the Liver compressing the Origens of the Excretory Vessels and intercepting the passage of the Bile into them An ordinary Person a Servant was long Tortured with a pain in the Right Side and being opened after Death his Face and Body were coated with Yellow the Surface and inward Recesses
Laminae or Plates making up the curious Compage of this salutary Stone commonly called Bezoar The Glands of the Liver The Glands of the Liver petrified have been often discerned upon Dissections to be petrified which is derived from gross Blood carried by the Branches of the Porta into the Parenchyma of the Liver depraved with fixed Salt and earthy Atomes embodied with a Lapidescent Juice turning the Glands of the Liver resembling Cubes in Figure into a stony substance But by reason some may conceive the Petrification of the Glands relating to the Liver may be produced by the gross parts of Choler petrified in the Excretory Vessels appertaining to the Bladder of Gall and Porus Bilarius taking their rise in the Glandulous part of the Liver I will take the freedom to propound another Instance of Stones lodged in the Ventricles of the Heart which can proceed from no other cause as I apprehend but from the Tartar of the Blood confaederated with a petrifying Juice coagulating it into Stones Stones have been discerned by Sennertus Stones generated in the Brain and Skenchius in the Ambient parts of the Brain which I judg to be produced by the Saline and Earthy parts of crude Nervous Liquor generated in the Cortex of the Brain embodied with a petrifying Spirit concreting the crass parts of the Succus Nutricius into Stones Stones are not only propagated from crude Chyle Stones propagated from various Liquors of the Body as having a Lapidescent Juice Vital and Nervous Liquor but from the Recrements of the Blood the Pancreatick Bilious and Serous Liquor whose Tartar espouseth a Lapidescent Juice which are coagulated into Stones lodged in the Pancreas Bladder of Gall Kidneys and Bladder of Urine which I conceive is made after this manner This first beginning is very small at first derived from Saline and Earthy parts of different Liquors accompanied with a Lapidescent Juice and afterward acquireth greater and greater Dimensions by the access of new Tartar formed into thin stony Accretions which encircle one another in the manner of fine Flakes which is very evident in Bezoar and in Stones of the Kidney Bladder of Urine and Gall c. which being gently broken into pieces the Stones may be seen to be integrated of many fine Laminae or thin Plates enwrapping each other in elegant order which is very pleasant to behold CHAP. XXVI The Stone of the Kidneys and its Cures THe Stone in the Kidney in a Person of Honour was broken into pieces in the taking out of its Bed as being of a friable nature and was formed of divers unevennesses defacing its outward Surface in irregular Figures somewhat resembling a Race of Ginger The Stone consisting of many thin Flakes and was like a Race of Ginger This Stone was composed of numerous thin Plates the outermost being araied with a dark hue and their inward compage with a White Colour closely Caemented to each other so that the body of the Stone may be stiled a Systeme made up of many thin Flakes lodged within each others embraces to which they are closely affixed by a viscid Concreted Liquor and some of it enwrapping the Stone not yet Coagulated These stony Plates were produced of the Tartar of Serous Liquor very manifest in their whitish Colour confaederated with a clammy Matter the Caement to conjoyn the various thin Accretions made up of Earthy and Saline parts and the most inward Plates are smallest in Circumference as being the first in order of Generation and afterward are more and more enlarged as they are encircled with new Flakes of saline Accretions whence the body of the Stone putteth on greater and greater Dimensions The Stones of the Kidney when they grow great do sometimes fill up the substance of the Kidney in their various Branches compressing the Urinary Ducts and other times are lodged in the Pelvis wholly intercepting the streams of Serous Recrements into the Ureters and Bladder of Urine I saw a Stone taken out of Doctor Waldron's Kidney a Learned Fellow of the Colledg A Stone resembling a Tree and one of His Majesties Physicians in Ordinary which resembled a Tree in Figure whose Branches were clothed with White and were divaricated through the substance of the Kidney among the Urinary Ducts and Papillary Caruncles whereupon the Patient was afflicted with pain caused by the compression of the Nerves and often made a bloody Urine proceeding from the gauling of the tender Capillary Vessels and the Trunk of this Stony Tree was hued with a deep Red insinuating it self through the Papillary Trunks into the Pelvis where it caused a total suppression of Urine As to the Cure of the Stone of the Kidney Bladder c. The indications relating to the Cure of the Stone Three Indications present themselves The first is to hinder the generation and increase of the Stone The second is to Expel it when it is generated The third is to Alleviate and take away Pain which is very afflictive in this Disease The Indications are first to be satisfied by Purgatives Purgatives are proper in the Stone to take away the cause of the Stone the gross Viscous Humours and the Earthy and Saline parts of the Liquors of the Body which may be effected by Purging Boles made of Cassia or the Lenitive Electuary of Chio Turpentine Hollands Powder Creme of Tartar c. and after two Hours a Quart of Northal or Barnet Posset may be taken Emollients and Diuretick Apozems are good in this Disease And Purging Medicaments having been Administred Emollient and Diuretick Apozems are proper in this Disease made of the Opening Roots of Dogsgrass Asparagus and of the Leaves of Mallows Marsh-Mallows Pellitory of the Wall Golden Rod Raisons of the Sun boiled in Water to which may be added some White Wine at last and it being streined may be sweetned with Syrupe of the Five Opening Roots Cooling and Emollient Emulsions may speak a great advantage in this Malady made up of the Four Cooling and White Poppy Seeds sweet Almonds c. Electuaries may be also advantageous made of Emollient and Diuretick Medicines of Conserve of Hips Flowers of Mallows Condite Eringo Roots mixed with the Judaick Stone Seeds of Burdock Millet Parsley and Sows or Hogs-Lice powdered mixed with Syrupe of Marsh-Mallows upon which a Draught may be immediately drunk of a Decoction prepared with Nephritick Wood and other Diureticks mixed with Emollients And in great pains Fomentations may be applied made with Emollient and Discutient Medicines of Mallows Marsh-Mallows Centaury the less Wormwood Rue Saint-Johns-Wort Flowers of Elder Melilot and Chamaemel of Line-Seed Fenugreek Seed Bay-Berries Juniper Berries to which when they have been well Boiled in Water and streined may be added some Malago or Spirit of French Wine commonly called Brandy CHAP. XXVIII Of the Vreters THe Ureters being Aquaeducts The description of the Ureters are oblong white Tubes taking their rise in the Glands of the Kidneys wherein
of the Scrotum is very beneficial and taketh away the Tumor except sometimes in an ill Habit of Body The Scrotum may be opened in a Corrupted Testicle wherein the Testicles are corrupted and the Scrotum Gangreened of which Learned Dodonaeus giveth an account in Obs Medi. 40. In Generoso quodam Viro ait ille quam omnis periculi plena sit Scroti Ery throidis Membranae in Hydrocele Scalpello apertio Teste non sublato compertum est ab aliquot Annis sinistra parte Hydrocele huic molesta fuerat frustra ataplasmata ac aliis Remediis usus Crebro tandem temerarii Chirurgi consilio acquiescens aperiri sibi Scalpello tumorem permisit Effluxit cito omnis humor Tumor quoque subsidit sed cum Testis ipse omnino esset corruptus vicinas partes facile infecit Subsecuta mox Scroti universi ac etiam Penis cum Tumore ac ingenti Dolore Gangraena Delirium cum vehementi Febre propter Doloris magnitudinem supervenit ac ita non multo post Mors successit The same Author giveth an Instance of a Spaniard A great Pain Produced from Seed lodged in the Testicles who had a violent Pain occasioned by a quantity of Seminal Liquor lodged in the substance of the Testicles as not Imported by the common Duct and the deferent Vessels into the Seminal Vesicles and Prostats Ait Hispanus quidam Testis Dolore intolerabili diu vexatus frustra tentatis omnibus maluit sibi amputari Testem integrum incorruptum quam diutius in tormentis vitam trahere Extractum Testem cum adhuc calentem per medium Dissecarem in faciem ipsius erupit prosiliit Semen The Testicles are also highly affected with Tumors in Gonorrhaea virulenta The Testicles highly affected in a Gonorrhea caused by an undue suppression of the tainted Semen or rather purulent matter upon the taking of astringent Medicines whereupon the corrupted Semen or rather Ulcerous matter is detained in the Substance of the Glands relating to the Testicles The Glands of the Testicles disordered by Astringents unduly suppressing the evacuation of Seed in a Gonorrhea when the Seminal Vesicles and Prostats are filled with putrid matter which seeing it cannot be discharged by the Urethra must of necessity clog the Seminal Vessels and common Duct of the Testicles whereupon their Dimensions grow very much enlarged to a monstrous magnitude As to the Cure of this Venereal Disease it denoteth opening and Diuretick Medicines of Venice-Turpentine mixed with proper Purgatives and a Diet-drink of Sarsa China Lignum Sanctum c. as also Medicines procuring Salivation which taketh away the malignity of this Distemper and in point of the Ulcer of the Testicles Seminal Vessels and Prostats healing cleansing drying and astringent Medicines are to be advised which after the Blood is refined and the Seminal Liquor rectified do perfect the Cure CHAP. XII The Diseases of the Penis and its Cures THe Penis often transgressing the Laws of Chastity in the irregular Indulgence of Venery hath its sensual Pleasure countermanded by severe Pains as a piece of Gods Justice and Mercy too to give us a sight of our Prevarications by making us reflect upon them in the Glass of Punishment whereupon this unruly little Member payeth dear for its Faults and is made obnoxious to variety of Diseases Now and then it is distorted and puffed up other times Inflamed Ulcered and Gangreened which chiefly happeneth to young Men as most addicted to Venery A distorted Penis proceedeth from an over-long Coition The distortion of the Penis whereby the Nervous Bodies and spongy substance of the Urethra are filled with so great a quantity of Vital and Animal Spirits in hot Plethorick Bodies of this disaffection Arantius maketh mention De Tumoribus praeter Naturam Cap. 50. â—tenim Genitale distentum ac Spiritu turgens tristi cum doloris sensu distorquetur quo fit ut Semen in Uterum recte ejaculare nequat And in the same Chapter the Author saith afterwards Qui vero Veneri nimis indulgent frequenterque diu in Mulierculis placeant distento sunt Genitali in hoc Malum incidunt Etenim Spiritus ille inclusus in aliquam alterius Ligamenti Concavi partem impetum faciens ejus particulam ita impellit ut eam relaxet ac protuberare faciat quo fit ut quantum latitudini affectae particulae adjicitur tantum Longitudini Detrahitur A Priapism is near akin to this Disease as being an Inflation of the Yard A Priapism proceding from Inflation derived from a quantity of vaporous and flatulent Blood distending the loose Compage of the Penis This Disease coming from a quantity of Blood is Cured by opening a Vein and by Apozemes contempering the Blood and by cooling and emollient Fomentations allaying the flatulent hot Swelling of the Yard Sometimes the Penis is afflicted with a red painful Tumor The Inflammation of the Penis vulgarly called an Inflammation produced by a great quantity of Blood impelled by the Hypogastrick Arteries into the Spongy Substance of the Penis so that the Extremities of the Veins cannot give a reception to the gross or too great quantity of Blood which if it be not quickly discharged The Ulcer of the Penis degenerateth into an Ulcer proceding from the Chymous or Serous parts of the Blood acquiring a Caustick quality whereby it Penetrateth the Substance and Integuments of the Penis causing a Flux of putrid Humours which sometimes grow so corrupt that they produce a Gangreen The Gangreen and Cancer of the Penis and other times degenerate into a malignant quality attended with a Cancerous Indisposition As to the Inflammation of the Penis it denoteth Bleeding Bleeding is good in the Inflammation of the Penis and Cooling and moistning Juleps and Fomentations and if this Disease be attended with an Ulcer having a gross and a Watry Excrement the Indications may be satisfied with cleansing and drying Medicines made of China Sarsa Parilla Guaicum and Vulneraries of Ladies Mantle Prunell Mouseare c. and lastly detergent and drying and consolidating Topicks may be administred to consummate the Cure The Ulcer of the Penis is to be Cured by detergent and drying Topicks and if the Glans be Ulcered in the beginning the Ulcer is to be cleansed with Plantain and rose-Rose-Water and Hydromel or with Water in which Alom is dissolved and afterwards with Wine in which the Leaves of Brambles Myrtle Plantain Nuts of Cypress Pomegranat Flowers and Alome have been Boiled and applied warm with Linnen Cloaths to the Glans as also the white Ointment Camphorated Diapompholygus Tutia and others of Aloes Lythargyrum Ceruss Saccharum Saturni c. And if the Ulcers of the Glans be Sordid The Cure of a sordid Ulcer of the Yard or Virulent it may be Anointed with Honey of Roses Strained Vnguento Apostolorum Vnguento Aegyptiaco and also with Medicines mixed with Precipitate c. And if there be an imminent
thick Vapours free Cups of Wine and immoderate eating do dispose the Blood as rendring it gross and depauperated and fitted for Stagnation in the substance of the Pleura As to the Prognosticks of this Disease The Prognosticks of a Pleurisie the danger appeareth very much in the height of the Fever and the difficulty of Breathing And Hypocrates giveth his opinion in it by Spittle when it hath none or else unconcocted or discoloured and conceiveth a Pleurisie to be sooner determined if the Spittle be excerned in the beginning of the Disease 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Quinetiam per ea quae mox apparent eadem indicantur quale quid in morbo laterali laborantibus Sputum si statim circa initia subappareat morbum brevem si vero posterius videatur longum futurum denunciat And the Pleurisie is most dangerous when there is no excretion of Spittle and less dangerous when some thin Serous Liquor is ejected and more safe when the Spittle groweth thicker and concocted which if it happen about the third or fourth day the Disease will determine about the seventh Yellow Spittle being accompanied with much watry Recrements is not safe especially green or black Spittle seemeth to be fatal as shewing the humor to be of a depraved nature flowing from the great decay of the Vital heat A Flux of Blood by the Nostrils Haemorrhoides or Menstrua doth often presage a good termination of this Disease if the signs of Coction do appear in the Spittle as being thick and not too clammy and expectorated with ease attended with a freedom of breathing But if the Patient hath his body unequally affected in some parts hot in others cold outwardly afflicted with chilness and inwardly with a burning heat associated with great pain anxiety and a high Delirium they speak the approaches of Death This Disease presenteth us with three Indications in reference to its Cure The Indications of this Disease the first relateth to the Disease it self which is an Inflammation of the substance of the Pleura flowing from a quantity of Blood lodged in the Interstices of its Vessels whereupon a Vein is to be opened in the Arm and a free mission of Blood to be celebrated to empty the Vessels and to make good the circulation of the extravasated Blood in the Pleura which lessens the Inflammation and cannot be so well effected by often taking away a small proportion as by letting out a great quantity of Blood at once which hasteneth the motion of the Blood and not permitteth it to grow over lentous and Concreted by its long stay in the spaces of the Vessels which rendereth its motion very difficult or not at all feasible whereupon the Blood putrifieth if long Extravasated producing first an Abscess and afterward an Ulcer attended with an Empyema Whereupon it is requisite at the first time if the Pulse be great in a Plethorick body to take away a large proportion of Blood as most prevalent to obtain a conquest of the Disease So that Bleeding hath been advised in a Pleurisie with the general suffrages of the Grecian Bleeding is very proper in a Pleurisie Arabian Italian and French Physicians in the Hand or Arm of the opposite side to make the greater revulsion But Great Doctor Harvey and the Modern Physicians as better versed in Anatomy have discovered the circulation of Blood and have since found by experience that opening a Vein in the same side where the Pleurisie is seated to be far more beneficial to take off pain and the Inflammation by promoting the current of stagnated Blood in the part affected by solliciting the motion of the Blood out of the ascendent Trunk of the Aorta into the Subclavian Axillary and Brachial Arterial branches and by consequence freeth the affected side of the Pleura from a load of Blood And if the mission of Blood cannot be celebrated by reason of a languid Pulse though the pain of the Side and Fever be high in the Pleurisie it denoteth Cupping Glasses with Scarifying to be applied to the affected Side which hath often spoke great ease by drawing off Blood from the afflicted and inflamed part and by renewing the interrupted course of Blood This Disease doth no way admit strong Purgatives and Vomits often advised by Empyricks which highly exagitate the offensive Recrements of the Blood Strong Purgatives are not proper in a Pleurisie and render the Inflammation greater and weaken the Patient and strengthen the Disease by hurrying the Blood more impetuously into the parts affected and by lessening the strength of the sick Person whereby the Coction of the Morbifick Matter is hindred and Death hastened by the Ignorance and Impudence of unlearned Practisers in Physick who boast much and do little or nothing who aim to make themselves great by lessening others which rendereth them guilty of Injustice Arrogance and Uncharitableness Gentle Purgatives may be advised if the Fever be not high as also Julapes and Apozemes that allay the heat of the Blood mixed with gentle Diureticks and Sudorificks The second Indication relateth to the cause of the Pleurisie The second Incication in the Cure of a Pleurisie which proceedeth from a gross mass of Blood apt to stagnate and doth denote attenuating Medicines made of Apozemes prepared with Dogs Grass Wild Asparagus and mild Pectorals in case of a Cough and in a Peripneumonia which is often a companion of this Disease Testaceous Powders full of Volatil Salt as Crabs Claws Pearl the Mandible of a Pike the Bone of the Heart of a Stag as also Sal Prunellae Salt of Coral Urine and Volatil Salt of Harts Horn the Infusion of Horse Dung made in red Poppy Water and White Wine are very useful In reference to the sensible evacuation of the Matter of the disease by Spittle Thickning Medicines are good in a thin Destillation the Medicines admit great variation In case of thin Recrements which Nature endeavoureth to throw off by Expectoration but cannot well attain to it by reason the humors being of a thin consistence do elude the impulse of the thinner Air thickning Medicines are to be advised made of Jujubes Sebesten Gum of Tragananth Arabick Looeh de Psyllio de Pontulaca and a Pectoral Decoction made with the Flowers of Red Poppy Seeds of Melons Pumpions White Poppy Barley Jujubes Dates c. In a thick Matter Attenuating inciding and detergent Medicines are propâ—r in a gross viscide Ientous Matter which is gross lentous and viscid attenuating inciding and detergent Medicined may be prescribed as all kinds of Oxymels especially that of Squills are very proper and a Linctus made of Linseed Oyl or Oyl of sweet Almonds mixed with White Sugar Candy Apozemes made with Dogs Grass Wild Asparagus Hysope if the Fever be not high Maiden Hair Coltsfoot Scabious Liquorice Shavings of Ivory c. In a gross Matter which cannot be Expectorated without great difficulty an Infusion of Horse dung made with the Leaves
of Maries and the blessed Thistle made in Water and Wine and being strained may be frequently given with good success Topicks are very beneficial in this Disease Topicks are good in this Disease made of Oyntment of Marsh Mallows Oyls of Chamemel Horse dung c. as also Cataplasms prepared with White Lilly Roots Leaves of Mallows Marsh Mallows St. John's Wort Seeds of Fenugreek and Flax boiled in Water to a due consistence Aetius an Antient Physician adviseth in this case Cupping-Glasses to be applied with Scarification as a most present Remedy to evacuate the Matter of the Disease and to take off pain The third Indication in a Pleurisie is preservative of strength The third Indication in relation to the Cure of a Pleurisie which may be satisfied with a thin Diet of Water and Barley Gruel Panada thin Chicken broth Barley Cream c. as also ordinary Drink Ptisanes Small-Beer boiled with a Crust of Bread and a Blade of Mace and being strained may be sweetned with double Refined Sugar Posset-drinks are also proper made most with Small-Beer and a very little White Wine and dulcified with Sugar and Emulsions made with the cooling Seeds sweet Almonds blanched and sweetned with Sugar-Candy Cordial Julapes made with cooling and temperate Medicines are profitable made with destilled Water of Maries and the blessed Thistle Balm Black Cherries Citrons to which a small Plague-water may be added and prepared Pearl or Coral with a little Sugar-Candy Powders of Crabs Eyes Coral Pearl Flowers of Red Poppy being that of the Field c. given with a draught of a proper Cordial Julep which do produce gentle Sweats and allay the heat of the Blood which is sometimes very high in a Pleurisie And to conclude Horse dung Leaves of Maries and the blessed Thistle Cooling and Diaphoretick Julapes are very advantagious in this Disease Scabious Hysope Pimpernel Flowers of Field Poppy destilled in a little White Wine and a far greater proportion of Milk do speak a great advantage in this Disaffection CHAP. X. Of an Empyema or Collection of Matter in the Cavity of the Breast AN Empyema is an unhappy Companion or rather a sad consequent of other Diseases which being not well determined do fall into this disaffection flowing either from an inflammation of the Pleura Mediatine Lungs Larynx or a quantity of Blood flowing out of a broken Vessel of the neighbouring parts into the Cavity of the Thorax whereupon I humbly conceive that an Empyema is not a primary Disease seated in the Pleura Lungs Larynx but a quantity of dislodged Matter as discharged the Confines of the adjacent parts into the empty space of the Breast An Empyema An Empyema flowing from an Inflammation of the Pleura following an inflammation of the Pleura proceedeth from a source of Blood stagnated in the Interstices of the Vessels which being long Extravasated doth degenerate into a Pus making an Abscess which being not discharged doth Corrode the tender Membranes of the Pleura and run into the Cavity of the Breast This Disease is derived also from a Peripneumonia An Empyema derived from an Inflammation of the Lungs wherein a large proportion of Blood being setled in the substance of the Sinus and Bronchia of the Lungs and not discharged out the Terminations of the Pulmonary and Bronchial Arteries into the Origens of the Veins accompanying the said Arteries whereupon the Blood for want of motion is despoiled of its due Tone and Disposition and acquireth a putrid Disaffection giving it a kind of Caustick quality Corroding the Coats of the Bronchia and appendant Membranous Cells of the Lungs So that if the Purulent Matter being lodged in a small quantity in the empty spaces of the Air-vessels may be discharged by Expectoration the Patient may recover without any further prejudice but if the Putrid Matter be so Exuberant that it cannot be expelled by a Cough but farther Corrodes the substance and at last the outward Coat encompassing the Lungs it breaketh the Confines of its Banks and overflowes into the Cavity of the Thorax A third kind of Empyema An Empyema following a Squinancy may take its rise from a true Squinancy wherein so great a proportion of Blood is lodged in the Interstices of the Vessels relating to the Muscles besetting the head of the Wind-pipe that the circulation of the Blood cannot be made good out of the Extremities of the Arteries into the beginnings of the Veins whereupon the setled Blood losing its innate bounty by a long Stagnancy doth degenerate into a putrid Matter which first maketh an Abscess and then an Ulcer in the Muscles of the Larynx and then descends by the outward surface of the Bronchia to that of the Lungs and afterward into the capacity of the Thorax producing an Empyema The fourth kind of Empyema is assigned to Extravasated Blood An Empyema coming from the broken Vessels of the Lungs coming out of broken Blood-vessels of the Lungs discharging a quantity of Purple Liquor into the Cavity of the Breast where it is rendred destitute of its Spirituous and good Particles as wanting motion but by reason the Blood is not turned into Pus as I imagine it cannot be called an exquisite Empyema which speaketh not every kind of a degenerate Extravasated Blood but such a one as is turned into a true Sanious or Purulent Matter which is produced from Blood first stagnated in the substance of Membranes Muscles or the Parenchyma of the Viscera as of the Lungs Heart Liver Spleen Kidneys c. wherein the Serous Particles of the Blood are turned into Pus produced by the heat of the said parts which cannot be effected by Extravasated Blood flowing out of a broken Vessel and lodged in a Cavity relating to any of the Venters The Continent cause of an Empyema is a Pus or purulent Matter The continent cause of an Empyema flowing out of the Muscles of the Larynx body of the Lungs Pleura Mediastine A Learned Physician was of an opinion that Pus and Purulent Matter might admit a distinction as the first proceedeth from the corrupted Succus Nutricius of the Blood and the second from its Serous Recrement as coming from the hindred motion of the Blood rendring it putrid And another worthy Author conceiveth That true Pus being white and of a middle consistence is confined within a proper Membrane or Cystis and being brought to a perfect Maturation and broken soon dischargeth it self and the part affected is Cured but Purulent Matter unconfined and left at large as destitute of any Cystis or Membrane when it is discharged by an Ulcer appeareth Sanious unconcocted as the putrid Excrements are mixed with Purple Liquor which maketh the Diseased part more difficult to be Cured by reason it is clogged with a great source of Crude Sanious Excrements not easie to be discharged It may be also considered that both the pure Pus and the Purulent Matter are sometimes affected with
an ill savour and other times are destitute of an ill scent So that Apostemes brought to Maturation and broken do emit a stink and sometimes none whereupon I humbly conceive that Purulent Matter flowing out of an Ulcer doth often discompose our Nostrils with a faetide smell and it may be observed that an Apertion being made between the Ribs to discharge an Empyema the Purulent Matter hath little or no smell and after two or three days when the Air hath had a frequent recourse by the Wound into the Thorax the Purulent Matter groweth very offensive which may be quickly alayed by some injections of Wine as washing and cleansing the sides of the wound and adjacent parts and diluting the stinking corrupt humors with pleasant Aromatick smells And I humbly conceive that the faetide smell of Pus and Purulent Matter doth arise out of gross exalted sulphureous depressing the Saline Particles but on the other side when the sulphureous parts are somewhat Concocted and reduced under the power of the Saline they give a check to the ill savour of Pus and Purulent Matter As to the Diagnosticks of an Empyema some of them The Diagnosticks of an Empyema and the most chief may be these When the Inflammation of the Muscles of the Larynx Lungs Pleura or Mediastine do not cease upon the due application of Remedies and are attended with Rigors and Fevers it is very suspicious the Inflammation is determined by an Ulcerous Matter discharged into the Cavity of the Breast If the Extravasated Blood setled in the substance of the Muscles of the Larynx Lungs Pleura or Mediastine Extravasated Blood is turned into Blood in fourteen days be not taken off by due Application in fourteen days or thereabouts it doth degenerate into Pus productive of an Abscess in the part affected which sometimes breaketh about the twentieth day and other times about the thirtieth or fortieth Of which Hippocrates giveth these Symptoms A Rigor saith he proceeding from a Purulent Matter Vellicates the neighbouring Membranous parts accompanied with a dull pain arising from the weight of the corrupt Matter afflicting the Lungs in their Diastole depressing the Diaphragm and hindring its relaxation in order to a farther motion made by Contraction hence ensueth a difficulty of Respiration flowing from a quantity of Purulent Matter stuffing the Cavity of the Breast giving a check to the free play of the Lungs and Diaphragm The sign of a long continued Empyema The sign of a long Epyema is That the Fever groweth more mild upon the great part of the Pus transmitted out of the body of the parts affected into the empty space of the Thorax So that the Fever is rendred partly Putrid and partly Hectick always infesting the Patient and is more gentle in the Day and receiveth the beginning of an Exacerbation about the Evening and is more hightened about the middle of the Night This Disease is associated with a perpetual Cough sometimes throwing up Purulent Matter whereupon ariseth a great Anxiety and dejection of strength proceeding from free Sweats in the Night whence follow the hollowness of the Eyes and redness of Cheeks and at last a swelling of the Legs producing a Leucophlegmatia flowing from a gross and dispirited mass of Blood stagnating in the substance of the parts affected The Prognosticks of this Disease are hopeful The Prognosticks of an Empyema if when the Abscess is broken the Fever groweth gentle attended with an easie Expectoration of Purulent Matter or rather of a Pus that is smooth white and equal and with a free Respiration which sheweth the Thorax not to be overcharged with a quantity of Pus But on the other side the Prognosticks imply imminent danger Pus accompanied with a violent Fever is dangerous when the Eruption of the Pus is accompanied with a violent Fever frequent Tremblings or Rigors which are Convulsive Motions proceeding from ill-conditioned Purulent Matter highly irritating the Nervous parts A great Cough accompanied with a difficulty of breathing is very dangerous A Cough with a difficulty of Breathing is very dangerous by which a thick yellow green black or faetide corrupt Matter of an unequal consistence is thrown up especially in an Orthopnaea wherein the whole Breast is lifted up whereupon most commonly ensueth a Suffocation proceeding from an Exuberance of Purulent Matter lodged in the Cavity of the Breast and intercepting the motion of the Intercostal Muscles Diaphragm and Lungs It also foretelleth great danger if a silver Probe be put into the wound of an opened Thorax for an Empyema and groweth hued with the colour of Gold or Copper which is caused by the exalted Sulphureous Particles of the Purulent Matter discolouring the Silver But it is more safe if the Patient grow strong as having a good Pulse and free Respiration upon the Apertion of the Thorax whereupon floweth a white well Concocted Matter speaking an Alleviation of the Fever and all the symptoms of the Disease In case an Ulcer of the Larynx Lungs or Pleura cannot be prevented by Bleeding Expectoration Diurecticks and Diaphoreticts gentle Medicines may be advised both inwardly and outwardly that promote Suppuration In reference to a Cough derived from gross Hydromels are proper in a Cough proceeding from a gross lentous viscid Matter lentous viscide Matter Hydromels are very proper made up of the five opening Roots the Leaves of Ground-Ivy Coltsfoot Horehound Scabious Maiden-Hair and Raisins of the Sun stoned boiled in Water to which white-White-Wine may be added at the latter end of the Decoction and when it is strained some Honey may be gently boiled in it Medicines made into Pills with Chio Turpentine Iris Root powdered and Syrup of Ground-Ivy which may be rowled in Powder of Liquorice and given Morning and Evening with a Vulnerary Decoction made of the Roots of Sarsa Parilla and China Hartshorn Shavings Prunell Bugles Sanicle Mouse-Ear the Great Ground-Ivy boiled in three parts Water and one part white-White-Wine to which being strained Honey may be added These Medicines do satisfie all the Indications of an Ulcer as they cleanse dry and Consolidate As to an Empyema flowing from an Ulcer of the Muscles of the Larynx An Apertion of the Thorax may be made in a desperate Empyema Lungs Pleura and Medicine the Pus or Purulent Matter cannot be vacuated if it be lodged in a very great proportion in the empty space of the Thorax unless a wound be made in the Intercostal Muscles as near to the Midriff as may be with great regard of its preservation that the Purulent Matter may be the better expelled through the Aperture of the Breast which is sometimes made between the fourth and fifth and other times between the sixth and seventh Rib. Sometimes the Succus Nutricius of the Blood being lodged in a great quantity in the substance of the Bronchia and Membranous Cells Sometimes the Pus is discharged by Cough Vomiting Stool and by the wound made
in the Apertion of the Breast their Appendants is turned into a Pus making first an Aposteme and afterward an Ulcer through which some Corrupt Matter is received into the Bronchia and Expectorated and some of the other part of the Pus was lodged in the Cavity of the Thorax and other parts may be evacuated downward by Stool and upward by Vomiting as also by Urine by reason Nature is very sollicitous by all ways possible to preserve it self by various Evacuations of ill Matter Of this admirable case I shall take the boldness to give an Instance An Instance of this case in Mr. Echins a Gentleman of Northamptonshire in Mr. Echins a Gentleman of Northampton-shire related to a Person of Honour Colonel Stroade Governor of Dover-Castle who was oppressed with a great Cough a high difficulty of Breathing accompanied with a slow putrid Fever and many other Diagnosticks which follow an Ulcer of the Lungs and an Empyema flowing from a source of Purulent Matter entertained from the confines of the Lungs into the capacity of the Breast falling down upon the Diaphragm In order to evacuate the Matter of this Disease and to relieve the aggrieved Lungs and Midriff an Apertion was made in the Intercostal Muscles between the Ribs by Mr. Pierce a Skilful Chyrurgeon relating to the Hospital of St. Thomas whereupon the Thorax being opened a quantity of Sanious and Purulent Matter was discharged through the wound and he also freely Excerned it by Coughing Vomiting by Stool and by Urine All these Evacuations were plain to sense but the great difficulty remaineth how Nature could expel the Peccant Matter by these several ways which I humbly conceive may be accomplished after this manner Some part of the Pus was transmitted into the Bronchia and thrown up by Coughing and some other portion of it was entertained out of the substance of the Bronchia and Sinus only Apostemated and not Ulcered into the Extremities of of the Pulmonary Veins and carried through the left Ventricle of the Heart causing great faintness and dejection of Spirit attended with a Fever and Descendent Trunk of the Aorta into the Caeliack Artery and its Terminations into the Cavity of the Stomach whence it was expelled by Vomiting and afterward some part of the Pus was conveyed farther by the Descendent Trunk into the Branches and Extremities of the upper and lower Mesenterick Arteries into the Cavity of the Intestines and thrown off by Stool and the reliques of the Purulent Excrements not carried off by the Caeliack and Mesenterick Arteries did descend lower by the said Arterial Trunk into the Emulgent Arteries and their Capillaries implanted into the Glands of the Kidneys in which a Secretion was made of the Purulent Matter from the Blood and embodied with the Serous Recrements whereupon they were received into the Urinary Ducts and carried through the Pelvis and Ureters into the Cavity of the Bladder and thence Excerned with the Urine through the Urethra In order to the Cure of these many Complicated Diseases The Cure of an Empyema by an Apertion of the Thorax Pectorals Diureticks and Healing and Consolidating Medicines and Restoratives in reference to the Hectick Fever I advised Hydromels made of Pectorals to help the Expectoration of Purulent Matter and of Diureticks to carry it off by Urine and in reference to the Ulcer I prescribed cleansing drying and Consolidating Medicines and in point of the Hectick Fever I ordered attemperating and restorative Applications made of Chyna Sarsa Parilla Ground-Ivy Maiden-Hair Shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn boiled in Water and Honey as also destilled Milks made with Pectorals Diureticks Vulneraries Restoratives which were given with new Milk as also in this case Balsomick Pills and Syrups may be administred with good success and in point of Diet the Patient did eat and drink Milk all manner of ways Milk boiled with Bread and Water boiled sometimes with Barley and other times with Oatmeal to which Milk was added to make a Pottage which is proper in this Disease as being cleansing and restorative By this method of Physick and Diet the Patient was perfectly restored to his health and strength many years ago and is yet alive and healthy as a Monument of God's wonderful Mercy And I hope will live long to speak his great Praise and Glory in the land of the Living CHAP. XI Of the Pericardium or Capsula of the Heart THe Capsula or Membrane encompassing the Heart The Compage of the Pericardium is a strong firm Enclosure made up of minute Fibrils curiously Enterwoven and is Contiguous to the Heart at some distance to give it a free play in its various Alternate motions of Systole and Diastole or rather Contraction and Relaxation It deriveth its Origen near the Base of the Heart from the external Coat of the Pleura or Mediastine The Origen of the Pericardium which encircleth the Vessels divaricated through the outward surface of the Heart Most Anatomists do assign but one Membrane to the Pericardium and Learned Riolan two and I humbly conceive it to be furnished with three The first and outward proceeding from the Mediastine The outward Coat of the Pericardium is fastned to the Middle Coat by the interposition of many thin Tunicles which I discovered in parting it from the second Membrane The outward is accommodated with many Cells or Membranous Vesicles the repositories of Fat which in a well stalled Ox doth very much shade and immure this first Integument The middle Coat being closely conjoyned to the outward The middle Coat is somewhat thinner than it and is composed of a great company of Fibres finely interwoven and close stuck and interspersed with a white Parenchyma The third Tunicle whose inside maketh the inward surface of the Pericardium is the most fine of all the Coverings The third Coat which I severed from the middle Coat and discovered it to be beset with many minute Glands the Fontinels as I apprehend of the Serous Liquor contained in the Pericardium As to its Connexion The Connexion of the Pericardium it is fastned in its outward surface to the Mediastine by the interposition of many Fibrils and conjoyned to it about the Base of the Heart where a passage is made to the Blood-vessels and in its lower Region to the Center of the Diaphragm The Contexture of this Membrane hath much affinity with that of other Membranes relating to the Body of Man The Structure of the Pericardium as it is a strong Compage made up of a great store of Membranous Filaments or Nervous Fibrils curiously spun and interwoven and interspersed with a Succus Nutricius or Seminal Matter adhering to the sides of the Coats of the Fibrils in their first Generation This Membrane is furnished with small Vessels of different kinds The Vessels of the Pericardium Veins from the Phrenick and Axillary branches and Arteries though very small from the Coronary branches of the Heart and
Assimilation into the substance of the Body CHAP. LVII Of a Cough and Consumption and their Cures IN thin distillations Linctus made of Syrup of Jujubes Coltsfoot The Cure of thin Distillations dried Roses mixed with powder of Gum-Tragacanth Arabick are very profitable In great Catarrhs flowing from hot thin recrements of the Blood incrassating Pectorals mixed with Syrup of Red Poppy de Meconio and drops of liquid Laudanum Cydoniatum are proper which do thicken the thin acide Humors and hinder distillations and in this case Balsome of Peru and Tolu are very beneficial As also Tablets of Red Roses prepared with Diacodium and Trochisces prepared with Extracts of Liquorice and Sulphur which do restore the loose Compage of Blood to its due tone and preserve it from superabundant serous Recrements flowing in too great fusion As to the Second Indication Gentle Purgatives mixed with Pectorals as proper in Coughs in reference to discharge the Recrements of the Blood fitted for Secretion gentle Purgatives of Manna Syrup of Peach-Flowers added to pectoral Decoctions prepared with Senna may be administred and afterward Diureticks made with Roots of Dogs-grass wild Asparagus Bruscus Leaves of Golden-rod with the cooling Seeds and Millepedes boiled in water to which when strained a little white-White-wine and Syrup of the Five opening Roots may be added In this case also testaceous Powders of Crabs-Eies and Claws of Pearl Coral c. may be given which take off the acidity of the Blood and promote Sweats which are proper in the beginning of a Cough when Bleeding and Purging have been celebrated The Third Indication is satisfied in corroborating the Lungs Corroborated Medicines are good in Laxe Lungs by shutting up the too much opened Pores of the Bronchia and their Sinus whereby their loose Compage is rendred more firm by pectoral Medicines mixed with gentle astringents made of the Roots of Tormentil Cumphrey Daysies mingled with the Leaves of Bugles Prunel c. boiled in Barley water and after straining it may be sweetned with Syrup of dried Roses Coral c. These and the like Medicines strengthen the weak frame of the Lungs and hinder the motion of hot thin recrements of Blood by Incrassation which is also effected by Linctus prepared with Syrup of Field-Poppy dried Roses de Meconio mixed with the species of cold Diatragacanth to which may be added some drops of Laudanum liquidum an excellent Medicine in Distillations falling into the Air-vessels which are generated by thin hot or acide Recrements of the Blood Before I Treat of the Cure of a Consumption The causes of a Cough I shall endeavour to speak more fully of a Cough and particularly of the Chincough of Children Coughs as I humbly conceive proceed chiefly from gross Phlegme which is crude Chyme running confused with the Blood and is transmitted through the more loose Compage of the Bronchia and their annexed Sinus into their Cavities by the terminations of the Bronchial and pulmonary Arteries or else the Blood growing sower like Milk as Dr. Willis phrazeth it doth quit its native sweet Ingeny and its serous parts are brought into a Fluor by exalted saline Particles whereupon the acide Recrements being thin and Fluide do easily insinuate themselves through the pores of the Air-vessels into their Cavities so that their membranous substance composed of numerous nervous Fibrils finely interwoven is very sensible of the burden of Recrements lodged in their bosom and do contract their Right fleshy Fibres drawing the annular Cartilages of the Bronchia closer to each other and do move their circular carnous Fibres inward thereby narrowing the Cavities of the Cylinders of Air with a strong impulse of Breath in Expiration whereby the Faeces of the Blood oppressing the Bronchia are violently ejected into the Mouth Another kind of Cough Of a Chin-cough with Convulsive motions called vulgarly the Chin Cough afflicteth Children with severe repeated Fits in which they are acted with Convulsive motions producing a great difficulty of Breathing even almost to Suffocation interrupting suspending or perverting the choice Oeconomy of Nature in the acts of Respiration and for the most part the Midriffe is Convulsed either of it self or by the agitation of the adjacent parts so that it seemeth to lose its motion in extraordinary pauses either by intermitting sometimes its Systole and other times its Diastole for too great a space beside the order of Nature so that the acts of Respiration seem now and then to cease and other times to be disorderly as performed in a Convulsive manner The continent cause of the Chincough is most sharp The continent cause of a Chincough and almost a continued irritation of the Bronchia of the Lungs from thin sharp recrements of the Blood producing many repeated Contractions of the fleshy Fibres to discharge the load lodged within the many Concave surfaces of the Pipes The matter of the Chincough seemeth to be a quantity of thin sharp recrements of the Blood perpetually distilling out of the terminations of the Arteries into the Cavities of the Bronchia and uncessantly provoking the nervous and fleshy Fibres of the Lungs to expel the Acide Faeces of the Blood having a great recourse to them And I humbly conceive The cause of Convulsive motions in a Chincough the cause of the Convulsive motions of the nervous Fibrils in the Chincough to be an ill nervous Liquor full of Elastick parts derived from the Brain and communicated to the nervous Fibrils of the Bronchia Therefore in this Disease not only the recrements of the Blood as in other Coughs but the depraved nervous Liquor is to be amended also which produceth Convulsive agitations of the machines of motion in the Breast In this case Moss of the pale and other Moss in divers preparations is often given sometimes it is powdered and mixed with Sugar-Candy and taken in some proper pectoral Decoction or simple Waters of Hysop Ooltsfoot Powder of Moss is also mingled with Milk of Sulphur and used in the said Vehicles as also boiled in Milk Moss in reference to its taste seemeth to be endued with an astringent quality whereby it shutteth up the too much dilated pores of the Bronchia and annexed membranous Cells and restraineth the Flux of thin and hot Recrements of the Blood into the Cavities of the Air-pipes Sometimes a gentle Vomitory of Oxymel of Squills proveth very successful in the Chincough as also Syrup of Peach-Flowers mingled with Simple or some Compound Briony-water is of great benefit Decoctions of Sarza-parilla and China may be taken Diet-drinks are proper in this Disease instead of Beer for an ordinary Drink as boiled in Water with Raisons of the Sun and a little Liquorice Blood letting is good in a Cough relating to a plethorick Constitution of body infused a moment or two Children endued with plethorick Constitutions as abounding with great store of Blood will admit of Bleeding to two or three Ounces with
a Lancet or with Leeches Millepedes bruised alive may be infused in some pectoral Decoction or Simple Waters to which may be added when strained some proper cephalick compound Waters with some double refined Sugar two or three drops of Tincture of Sulphur or Lac of Sulphur may be used in some convenient Liquor I have given a History of divers kinds of Coughs and their Cures as making way for a Consumption as an inveterate Cough which often degenerates into it when it is so far aggravated that the native Compage of the Blood is loosened by reason not only the serous Recrements but the Chyme nervous Liquor and Lympha are transmitted through the pores of the Membranous frame of the Bronchia and their appendages into their Concave spaces whereupon the vesicles of the Lungs grow so tumefied that their fine party-Walls are broken and one common vesicle is made of many running into one wherein a quantity of divers sorts of Recrements are accumulated whence ariseth a great Effervescence derived from superfluous Fermentations Liquors of a contrary Ingeny as endued with heterogeneous Elements whereupon they being stagnant in the spaces of the Vesicles do often ferment and putrefy and by corroding the tender membranous composition of the Lungs do generate First a deep Cough and then a Consumption so that the mass of Blood transmitted through the Lungs is tainted and made unfit for nutrition In reference to the cure of this Tabide distemper The First Indication in the cure of a Consumption Three Indications do occurr The First is to rectify the laxe body of Blood to keep it from throwing its chymous and serous Faeces in the bosom of the Bronchia and Vesicles As also by correcting the Acidity of the vital Liquor by sweetening Medicines The Second Indication to help the expectoration of gross and sharp Recrements by specifick Pectorals The Second Indication The Third Indication is to make good the dissolved union The Third Indication or continuation of parts by healing strengthening and drying Medicines The First Indication may be chiefly satisfied in Aliment of an easy Concoction that the milky extract elaborated first in the Stomach and afterward conveyed by the Thoracick Ducts into the subclavian Vessels may be assimilated into the Blood without making great superfluities which are causes of great Defluxions Coughs and Consumptions and that the Aliment may be composed of sweet and mild parts which may be easily separated from the more gross as being for the most part Homogeneous may be turned into Blood without any high or unkindly Effervescence Flesh not good in weak Tabide Bodies whereupon Asses Cows or Goats-milk Water-gruel Barley-gruel Barley Cream Panada and Aliment prepared with Almonds as not consisting of many Heterogeneous Elements are easy of digestion but a Diet of several kinds of fat Flesh is hard to be concocted and nourisheth less in a weak Consumptive Body by reason when the alimentary Liquor is strong and gross it cannot be turned into good Blood and being Fermentative as made up of many disagreeing Particles doth make an ill Fermentation of the Blood so that crude Chyme extracted out of Meat hard of digestion doth not feed the Body but the Disease Secondly By reason the Tone of the Blood being loose tâ—is apt to be dissolved into many sero us recrements whereupon it is very agreeable to reason that Medicines sweetening the Blood should be exhibited as vulnerary Apozemes mixed with pectorals which take off the acidity of the blood when Medicines prepared with Sulphur are added to them which are to be freely used if a Hectick Fever be absent Decoctions also made with roots of China Restorative Medicines are beneficial in a Pthisis Sarza-parilla prepared with Ground-Ivy Maidenhair Raisons of the Sun c. may be freely taken for common Drinks in Tabide Bodies Thirdly In the beginning of a Consumption Bleeding gentle Purgâ—tives and Diureticks c. are good The First Indication in the beginning of a Consumption may be satisfied by lessening the exuberant superfluities of the Blood by Bleeding gentle Purgatives and Diureticks warm Baths Fontanels Blistering Plaisters Shaving of the Head Cephalick Plaisters gentle Sternutatories and Medicines evacuating serous Recrements out of the Oral Glands by the Excretory Ducts of the Mouth and Tongue The Second Indication in the rise of a Consumption is satisfied by Medicines assisting Expectoration which discharge by coughing the gross Chyme commonly called Phlegme and acide watry superfluities of the Blood lodged in the Bronchia and adjacent Cells upon this account Medicines taken into the Mouth may distil down the sides of the Wind-pipe and impart their opening Attenuating Inciding and detergent Medicines are advantageous in Coughs and Consumptions arising out of a gross viscide lentous Matter inciding and detergent Particles to the gross Phlegme and do open incide and relaxe their gross clammy Body and render them fit for Excretion and by irritating the nervous and fleshy Fibres of the Air-vessels do procure the expulsion of Recrements setled in the spungy Compage of the Lungs As to the First Indication in the beginning of a Consumption fetched from Acide Recrements apt to corrode the Bronchia and Sinus in which they are lodged Testaceous Powders may be given consisting of Pearl Egg-shells Crabs Claws or Eies Coral c. drinking after every Dose a draught of milk-Milk-water made of Ground-Ivy Hysop Pine and Firr Nutmegs c. sweetened with Sugar-Candy which do take off the Acidity of the vital Liquor Drops of tincture of Sulphur and Oil and Milk of Sulphur may be used often in a draught of a pectoral Decoction which do countermand the acide saline parts of the Blood In relation to the crude Chyme or Phlegme Oxymels are proper in a Consumption and pectoral Decoctions distilling into the Cavities of the Air-pipes and Cells all sorts of Oxymels may be given either by themselves or mixed with Syrup of Hysop Horehound Ground-Ivy prepared with some few grains of Gum Ammoniack Pectoral Decoctions are good made of some of the Five opening Roots or Enula-Campane shavings of Ivory the Leaves of Ground-Ivy Hysop c. strained and sweetened with Syrup of Maiden-hair Hysop or Sugar-Candy Medicines made of Garlick either by Decoction or in Syrup or Condited mixed with other mild Pectorals are very beneficial to help Expectoration if a Consumption be not attended with a slow or Hectick Fever which doth Indicate cooling Emulsions c. made with the cooling Seeds and Almonds sweetened with Sugar-Candy as also Milk-waters made with temperate Pectorals to which may be added in a small quantity Magistral Snail-water mingled with prepared Pearl and Sugar-Candy The Third Indication in a Consumption may be satisfied with cleansing The Third Indication of a Consumption is satisfied with cleansing drying and consolidating Medicines drying and consolidating Medicines as vulnerary Decoctions prepared with Pectorals As also Conserve of Roses Flower of Brimstone and some few drops of the
with various irregular motions An Asthma also may come from the obstruction of the Origens of the Nerves seated in the Cortex of the Brain An Asthma may come from the Origens of the Nerves obstructed proceeding often from a quantity of Blood as in soporiferous Disaffections compressing the extremities of the Nerves whence the intercostal Muscles play with great difficulty making a deplorable Asthma Sometimes an Asthma may proceed from the narrowness of the Blood-vessels as not able to give a free reception to the mass of Blood An Asthma flowing from narrow Sanguiducts which happen in Convulsive Asthmas wherein the circular fleshy Fibres being unnaturally contracted do lessen the Cavity of the Vessels and hinder the motion of Blood whence ensueth a great difficulty of Respiration An Asthma may proceed from a great quantity of Blood other times an Asthma may be fetched from a great quantity of Blood distending the Blood-vessels which compress the neighbouring Bronchia and Sinus of the Lungs and highly discompose Respiration as the numerous receptacles of Air being straightened in their Cavities are not able to entertain a sufficient quantity of Air in one Inspiration whereupon the Lungs are acted with double and treble Diastoles and Systoles to make good Respiration Another Asthma may be produced by an ill conformation of the Breast An Asthma may come from an ill Conformation of the Breast as affected with narrowness hindring the free play of the Lungs in Respiration Sometimes it proceedeth from the Organs of motion consigned by nature to the inlargment of the hollow perimeter of the Thorax in order to celebrate Inspiration made by the help of the Diaphragme and intercostal Muscles The Coats are hindred in their Contractions The intercostal Muscles cannot play when the animal Spirits are intercepted The intercostal Muscles are hindred in their motion in their inflammation An Asthma coming from ill Air. either in the interception of the Animal Spirits not flowing into the Nerves of the said Muscles caused by the compression of the extremity of the Nerves in the ambient parts of the Brain as it hath been hinted above in a former Discourse The intercostal Muscles are also hindred in their motion in an Inflammation caused by a quantity of Blood lodged in the Interstices of Vessels compressing the carnous Fibres which doth hinder their free play and render Respiration difficult An Asthma also may be fetched from variety of Air either on the tops of high Mountains where we hardly breath in an Air not impregnated with store of nitrous Particles Or when it is gross and stagnant in Fenny places whose watry parts depress the nitrous where persons affected with ill masses of Blood labour with great difficulty of Breathing which is also celebrated in a close hot room and in a Church filled with a great croud of People spoiling the Air with fuliginous steams The Cure of this Disease is chiefly managed by three Indications The Three Indications in an Asthma the one in reference to the Blood and the other in relation to the motive Organs of Respiration and a Third in point of Convulsive motions belonging to the disaffections of the Brain and Nerves If the Blood offend in quantity Bleeding is proper in an Asthma a Vein is to be opened in the Arm with a free Hand and in case of an Effervescence of the Blood temperate Pectorals and cooling Emulsions are to be advised If the Blood be gross as confaederated with a crude Chyme productives of an Asthma by reason the Phlegme is thick lentous and clammy it indicates attenuating inciding and detergent Pectorals made of the Roots of Iris Enula-Campane Asparagus Dogs-grass Hysop Horehound of which some may be boiled in Water to which Four Ounces of White Wine may be added and being strained it may be sweetened with Syrup of the Five opening Roots of Hysop Maidenhair A Linctus may be made of Oxymel of Squills Saffron Gum Armoniack dissolved in Hysop water which is good in this disaffection as also Spirit of Harts-horn given in a pectoral Decoction Sometimes an Asthma may proceed from a gross Blood Bleeding is good when the Blood stagnates in the substance of the Lungs as being stagnant in the Interstices of the Vessels and afterward its motion is again procured upon Bleeding which taketh off an Inflammation and giveth freedom of Breathing by making good the circulation of Blood An instance may be given of this Case An Instance of this Case in Mr. Ainsworth a Dyer who being in the Sixty seventh year of his age was roughly treated by a rude fellow who had more of Drink then Wit tripping up his Heels and breaking his Ribs by a great fall as being a fat heavy Man whereupon he being let blood he seemed to be partly well for a day or two and then was highly oppressed with a great difficulty of Breathing and ratling in his Throat even almost to a Suffocation attended with an intermittent Pulse proceeding from the gross Blood In order to his relief I immediately ordered him to be let Blood Twelve Ounces out of the Arm and pectoral Apozemes and Lambitives made of Oil of Linseed and Sugar-Candy as also of several sorts of opening pectoral Syrups and various Oxymels and after letting him Blood the Third time his Asthma and intermittent Pulse were wholly quieted and the Patient God be praised hath enjoyed his Health these many years In case of great store of watry Humors afflicting the Bronchia Gentle Purgatives may be proper to discharge the watry Recrements of the Blood clogging the Lungs and Sinus of the Lungs gentle Hydragogues may be advised with Pectorals as also pectoral Apozemes mixed with Diureticks and Antiscorbuticks which speak a great advantage in an Asthma accompanied with a Dropsy with which may be mixed Spirits endued with volatil as also Millepedes added to the former Medicines As to the Organs of Respiration as the Diaphragme c. which being disaffected I refer you to their particular Cures The Third Indication of an Asthma Convulsive motions in Asthmas may be cured by proper cephalick Medicines relating to Convulsive motions proceeding from an ill Succus Nervosus denoteth Cephalick Medicines of distilled Waters made of Lime-Flowers Lilly of the Valley Peony the cephalick Water of Langius Compound Paeony and Briony-water dulcified with Syrup of Lime-Flowers Lilly of the Valley Paeony to which may be added some drops of Palsey-water Spirit of Salt Salt Ammoniack Harts-horn c. distilled with Gum Ammoniack Vesicatories are very beneficial in this and all other kinds of Asthmas which do much alleviate a difficulty of Breathing which is also effected by the application of Cupping-Glasses O Most Good and Glorious Agent Who shall Declare thy wondrous Works that hath made all things in elegant Order due Number Weight and Measure And hast framed the Midriffe as a moving Floor enlarging and contracting the Breast and the Mediastine as a Partition-Wall dividing the
a Vein to be freely opened to divert the mass of Blood from the Head and if the Blood be acrimonious hot and thin it is to be counter manded by dulcifying cooling and incrassating Medicines made up of Electuaries composed of Conserve of Roses Roots of Cumphrey power of Steel Eies of Crabs Coral Bole-Armenick Dragons Blood made up into the consistence of an Electuary with Syrup of Red-Roses drinking after it a draught of a Julep prepared with the distilled Water of Frogs Spawn or the Buds of Oak and Water of Cinamon Distilled with Barley sweetned with Syrup of Water-Lillies adding to every Dose Twelve or more drops of liquid Cydoniate laudanum In this case Juyce of Plantain Nettles Purslain or any other incrassating or cooling Juyce may prove very beneficial Cupping-Glasses applied to the Shoulders The application of Cupping-Glasses Hypocondres and above the Feet Ligatures of the Limbs as also dipping them into cold Water do incrassate and cool the Blood and intercept its motion into the Head and Nostrils A Cataplasme may also be applied to the Forehead and Temples made up of Bole-Armenick Dragons Blood Sealed Earth Frankincense Mastick with the White of an Egg the Juyce of Plantain and Nightshade c. A Spunge dipped in cold Water or Vinegar may be often applyed to the Forehead Temples and round the Neck with good success as cooling and thickning the Blood and hindring its current in the carotide Arteries toward the Head Also Pellets may be composed of Frankincense Aloes Spider-webs and the Hair of a Hare mixed with Juyce of Plantain and Cotton and often put into the Nostrils The Nostrils labour sometime with a simple Ulcer coming from shartp Humors mixed with the Blood and carried by the carotide Artery implaned into the inward coat of the Nose and this Disease being not well Treated according to Art often degenerates into an inveterate for did Ulcer proceeding from virulent Matter often found in venereal Diseases called Ozena by the Antients and is accompanied with a great pain and a faetide Smell As to the Cure of an Ulcer Decoctions may be used made with China The Cure of the Ulcer Sarsa Guaicum Sassafras sometimes mixed with Purgatives and other times with Alteratives as the Tops of Pine Firr Scorby Grass Watercresses which do sweeten and contemperate the mass of Blood if the cooling Seeds be added to them Bleeding may be very proper in a Plethorick Body effected by a Lancet or by the application of Cupping-Glasses with Scarification And after inward Medicines have been advised Topicks may be used of drying cleansing and consolidating Medicines which satisfie all the indications of an Ulcer Aqua Aluminosa Mag. as also Plantain distilled with Alome in which a little Mercury Dulcis is dissolved as Medicines prepared with Cerus Frankincense Cadmia and the inward part of the Sea Onion mixed with Honey applied to the Nostrils with Cotton or Wool Or an Oyntment may be made of Aloes Myrrhe Lythargyre Cerus Lead calcined and washed with a quantity of Oyl of Roses c. And if the Ulcer be very fowl and corrosive strong cleansing The Cure of a fowl Ulcer of the Nostrils and drying Medicines are to be used in which a little Unguent Aegypt may be dissolved A sordid Ulcer sometimes degenerates into a Cancer A Cancer of the Nostrila which proceedeth from the Venenate nature of the Humours affected with a malignant corrosive disposition This disease if come to a height is incurable The said Cancer is incurable as come to a height and admits only a Palliative Cure which may be performed with Oyl of Roses to which may be added Cerus Camphor Juice of Nightshade Minium Calcitis Sandaracha c. And as a Ozaena is an Ulcer A Polypus of the Nostrils so a Polypus is a fleshy Cancrous Excrescence derived from Blood endued with a poysonous disposition which consisting of many Filaments and Films interspersed with the Red Crassament concreted is turned into a Carnous substance fastned to the inside of the Nostrils by many roots or stalks After Purging Medicines and Bleeding have been administred The Cure of the Polypus Topicks may be used prepared with Venice Turpentine washed in Plantain water to which may be added Juice of Night-shade Calcined Lead Lithargyre Cerus Tutty Camphor Burnt Alome Mercury sublimated Verdigrease with Vitriol some of these may be made up with Oyl of Roses and applied to the Nostrils with Wool or Cotton If Medicines be not prevalent to take away the Fleshy Excrescence it may be pulled out of the Nostrils by a Chirurgical Operation or by a ligature of Silk or Horse Hair put round the roots of the Polypus if it be possible to be done whereupon the Carnous Excrescence will be dried up and fall off in a few days as being destitute of nourishment by being severed by the interposition of a Ligature from the Tunicle of the Nostrils CHAP. V. Of the Eyes THE Eyes are seated in the highest story relating to the beautiful Fabrick of Man's Body for the more advantageous sight of distant Objects and are placed above the middle apartiment near the confines of the Brain as Guards to secure it from the dangerous encounters of ill accidents and to conduct our steps in their prosecution of those due methods instituted by Nature for the preservation and accomplishment of our meaner and more excellent parts and functions both of Soul and Body The whole Compage of the Eye is a system of many parts of different nature of Muscles A description of the Eye Membranes and Humours which do depend upon each other and are all subservient to the noble as well as pleasant and useful function of Sight The Eyes may be styled Appendages of the Brain as being affixed to the Medulla oblongata by the interposition of Optick Nerves which give them Sense and Motion as assisted with Muscles The greatest part of the Eyes are lodged in fit Cavities The seat of the Eyes resembling the segments of a Sphaere and well fortified both behind and laterally with strong Concave Bones in which these finer Orbs sport themselves in variety of motions perforated with many small Pores in the upper region of their Cavities through which destilleth a thin liquor from the Brain bedewing the Eyes rendring them more pliable to refresh them lest they should be hot and parched by constant motion The tender and lateral regions of the Eyes are safely immured in Cavities surrounded with the Bones of the Forehead and upper Mandible with the upper and lower fine Integuments with which the anterior part of the Orb of the Eye is vailed and unvailed at our pleasure These upper and lower Lids are composed of a tender Skin The Eye-lids under which is seated the Membrana Carnosa attended with a very thin Pericranium The variety of parts rarely enfolded one within another hath its extremity encircled with a Limbus fringed with fine Hairs like so many Rays
divers disaffections the first is called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is affected with divers degrees one is when the Eye-lids are inverted they appear more thick and unequal named by Aetius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 densitas palpebrarum in which the Lids are inwardly red as coated with stagnated Blood The second degree of a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is The Tumors of the Eye-lids when the Disease growing higher in the inward region of the Lids is discomposed with little Tumors resembling the Seeds of unripe Figs from whence it received the appellative of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines palpebra ficosa The third degree is named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Greeks and Callositas by the Latines when the inside of the Lid is first Ulcered and afterward groweth hard and Callous At last as a fourth degree may be named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 scabies palpebrae The Scabs of the Eye-lids in which not only the inside of the Eye is disaffected as in a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but the whole Lid is rendred rough and scabby chiefly about the angles of the Eyes The cause of these disaffections proceed The cause of the Diseases of the Eye-lids sometimes from serous salt Humors other times with Bilious Recrements mixed with the mass of Blood and imported into the substance of the Eye-lids by the terminations of the external Carotide Arteries The Cure of these Diseases is performed by Bleeding and proper Purgatives and then Topicks may be safely applied as emollient Fomentations which do temper the Acrimony of the Humors and afterward detergent and drying Medicines prepared with Water of Pimpinel Salendine the Great Small-leaved Dock mixed with Burnt Alome Camphore and Crabs Eyes which being boiled and strained the Water may be applied to the Lids A Liniment made of oyntment of Roses and Tutty hath been used in these cases with good success Other Tumors are also incident to the Eye-lids as Warts Hordeola Divers kinds of Swellings belonging to the Eye-lids resembling Barley-corns Grandines round transparent Swellings and divers Nodes and Excrescencies sometimes of a Stony nature which are cured by Emollient Decoctions and Liniments and if they cannot discharge the concreted Matter Chyrurgical Operations may be advised to take away these indurated Swellings by Section CHAP. IX The Diseases of the Glands of the Eyes and their Cures THe Glands of the Eyes are subject to divers Diseases The Diseases of the Glands of the Eyes Inflammations Ulcers Fistulas Diminution and too great Dimensions An Inflammation of the Glands relating to the Eyes An Inflammation of the Glands proceedeth from a quantity or grosness of Blood imported by the Carodite Arteries into the substance of the Glands so that the extremities of the Jugular Veins are not capable to receive all the Blood whereupon some part of it being stagnated loseth its tone and the Serous Particles are turned into a Pus which breaking through the body of the Glands is discharged upon the Surface of the Eye If the Ulcer groweth inveterate The Ulcer of the Glands the passage through which it dischargeth the Purulent Matter will be rendred Callous and Sinuous whence ariseth a Fistula Lachrymalis which is not only a consequent of an Inflammation and Ulcer but is generated immediately by acrimonious and serous salt recrements of the Blood productive first of an Ulcer and afterward degenerates into a Fistula which also is caused by a gross clammy Humor resembling a Pultice or Honey and called Atheroma steatoma and Meliceris In order to the Cure of this Disease in its first rise of an Inflammation The Cures of the Diseases of the Glands of the Eye a Clyster being premised Bleeding is to be celebrated with a free hand In reference to an Ulcer and Fistula cleansing drying and consolidating Medicines are to be used made of Sarzaparilla Lignum sanctum Sassafras Comfrey Roots Mouse-Ear Sanicle Ladies Mantle c. boiled in Water and sweetned with Honey Outwardly Medicines may be applied made of Powder of Frankincence Sarcocoll Aloes Dragons Blood Balaustia Alome prepared and mixed with Rue Water A Setum in the Neck proveth very beneficial in a Fistula as diverting the offensive Matter from the Eyes If an Ulcer and Fistula proceed from a Venenate Matter in Venereal Diseases Purgatives may be advised mixed with Calamelanos and proper Diet Drinks may be used in Venereal Distempers I have seen a gentle Salivation raised by Mercurial Medicines to be attended with great success in order to the Cure of an invenerate Ulcer and Fistula Rhyas frequently accompanieth a Fistula Lachrymalis The Absumption of the Glands and is an absumption of the Gland seated in the inward angle of the Eye proceeding from sharp Corrosive Humors mixed with the Blood and brought into the body of the Gland by the Carotide Artery which being of a loose spongy substance is easily Corroded by acrimonious and salt Recrements This Disease is Cured by Detergent The Cure of a Rhyas Drying Sarcoticik and Astringent Medicines made of Flowers of red Roses Cypress Nut Myrtle Aloes boiled in Water and Red Wine or also with Ingredients of Frankincense Aloes Dragons Blood Red Rose Leaves Grains of Sumach boiled in red Rose Water and strained The over-great excrescence of the Gland is lodged in the inward angle of the Eye The Excrescence of the Glands of the Eye which is generated by a quantity of Succus Nutricius as being much akin to Seminal Matter stagnant in the body of the Glands and enlarging their dimensions as agglutinated to the outsides of the Vessels This Disease is Cured by gentle Corrosive Medicines of Burnt Alome c. The Cure of this Excrescence and great care must be had in the application of Corrosives lest the tender compage of the neighbouring Eye be highly offended Another disaffection of the Glands of the Eyes sometimes accompanying the Rhyas and Encanthis is called Epiphora The Epiphora of Humors in the greater Angle of the Eye The word denoteth any fluxion of Humor but the Professors of our Art have confined it to the Afflux of Humors coming from the Gland placed in the greater angle of the Eye and may proceed also from the Glands of the Eye-lids secerning and powring out thin recrements of the Blood by excretory Vessels upon the surface of the Eyes These unvoluntary Tears are cured by Bleeding Purging drying and astringent Medicines and Fontanels and Blistering Plaisters are of great use in order to the Cure of this Disease Sometime tears of Blood do issue out of the angles of the Eye by the terminations of the Carotide Arteries which is derived from the suppression of the Menstrua and is cured by Purging and Aperient alterative Medicines opening the Vessels of the Uterus and provoking the Menstrua which is much assisted bp opening the Saphaena instanti tempore fluxus menstruorum CHAP. X. The Diseases of the Muscles of the Eyes
and to the Neck and under the Ears have proved very beneficial in this case Inward Medicines made of Cooling Ingredients and temperate Specificks may be safely administered After Bleeding and Purging Topicks may be used in which a care must be had that repelling Medicines be not applied to the disaffected parts which do incrassate the thin Humors and so detaining them do increase the pain and inflammation Astringents made of Bole-Armenick Dragons Blood Mastick and Red Roses may be mixed with the White of an Egg and Red Rose Vineger and applied to the Forehead by which the Humor flowing toward the Eyes may be repelled Among Anodynes in violent pains accompanying the inflammation of the Eyes Milk especially that of a Woman may be injected gently into the aggrieved part The White of an Egg beaten into a thin watry Liquor is highly commended by great Galen as alleviating pain and gently checking the flux of Humors The Pulp of a roasted Apple is a good Anodyne in this case and Mucilages of the Seeds of Psyllium and Quinces extracted in Rose Water which must be often renewed lest being long made they contract a soureness and discompose the inflamed Eyes In the beginning of the Disease a Cataplasm may be made of the Pulp of a rosted Apple of the Seeds of Psyllium and Quinces extracted in Rose Water and with a little of the White of an Egg beaten into Water and of Womans Milk and being mixed may be applied to the Eyes The White of an Egg being beaten up with a little Alome in a Leaden Dish to the consistence of an Ointment may prove very advantageous in this case if it be applied to the Eye but an hour or thereabouts and then removed lest by its long stay it should overmuch thicken the Humors in the Eyes and heighten the Disease In the increase of the Disease gentle Discutients may be mingled with repelling Medicines as destilled Water of Eye-bright Fennel Salendine the Great mixed with the Mucilages of Line-seed extracted in Rose Water to which may be added upon occasion the Trochisci Albi Rasis sine opio and Prepared Tutty and Sarcocol nourished with Milk when the Disease cometh toward a hight This last Ingredient must be often macerated in Milk and several times changed else it groweth soure and spoileth the vertue of the Medicine Quercetan in his Pharmacopeia giveth a great Character of Crocus Metallorum infused in Eye-bright or Fennel Water which is powerful in this case and doth not discompose the Eye with any sharpness A Water may be prepared with Calcined Lead or Lytharge and with Minion Red Lead infused in White Wine Vineger which being applied to the Eye doth work a great Cure in a short time as Learned Rivier will have it In the state of the Disease the resolving Medicines should overpower the repelling Fomentions made of Flowers of Chamaemel Melilote and Red Roses Faennygrick-seed boiled in water and strained to which may be added a little white Wine may be serviceable to the Eyes Renowned Riviere giveth a great Encomium of Oyl or Liquor made up of burnt Linnen set on fire and quenched between two Pewter Dishes of which a drop mixed with a Childs Spittle may be put into the Eye with a Feather In the declination of the Disease water mixed with Red wine proveth very useful as also a Medicine made of Aloes Prepared Tutty Sugar-Candy infused in Rose water and white Wine and exposed to the Sun for 40 days of which a few drops may be instilled into the Eye The Adnata is incident to another Disease called by the Latines Vnguis Oculi Unguis Oculi and by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the resemblance it hath with a Man's Nail or the wing of a small Bird and sometimes it is like the tricuspidal head of an Arrow so that it sometimes received the appellative of an Arrow It is described by Celsus and other Physicians to be a fibrous or nervous Membrane arising from the greater or inner Angle of the Eye and rarely from the less or outward The cause of the Vnguis Oculi This Excrescence is often the product of an inveterate Opthalmy or proceedeth from the little Pustles or Small Pox or from some stroke or contusion of the Eye or from excrementitious Humors or serous parts of the Blood destilling out of the terminations of the Carotide Arteries inserted into the surface of the white of the Eye which are concreted into a thin membranous substance affixed to the Adnata and is endued with several Figures whereupon it obtaineth variety of denominations Gentle purging Medicines mixed with Specificks The Cure of the said Discase are very good and are often to be repeated Blistering Plaisters and a Setum in the Neck often prove very useful in this case In reference to this ail as an Excrescence Detergent and Corrosive Medicines are beneficial made of Sugar-Candy infused in Eye-bright or Fennel water to which may be added a little Nitre or white Vitriol or burnt Harts-Horn Egg-shells steeped in White Wine Vineger and afterward being dried and finely powdered may be applied to the Eyes as also Alome Ceruss or Camphor infused in Eye-water may be used to take away this Excrescence A Disease near akin to a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is called by the Latines Pannus a Tunicle or Excrescence resembling fine Cloth or a Contexture covering the Adnata and sometimes the Cornea made up of many Vessels filled with stagnated Blood which being discharged through the terminations of the Arteries is lodged sometimes between the Vessels of the Adnata and seemeth to be like a kind of Cloth-work which proceedeth from the Reticular Plexes of the Arteries filled with Blood whereupon the numerous Capillaries being distended do approach each other and seem to make a kind of Tunicle investing the Adnata and sometimes the Cornea whence the Sight is lessened or wholly taken away Bleeding after Purgatives have been premised may be safely advised in this Disease proceeding from stagnated Blood to make good its circulation And afterward Topicks may be administered made of Sugar-Candy lapidescent Haematit Prepared burnt Alome white Vitriol Camphor Tartar infused in destilled water of Red Roses and Eye-bright of which some drops may be instilled into the disaffected Eye Prepared Tutty and Prepared Pearl Red Coral Prepared Pompholyg Sugar-Candy Camphor made into a fine Powder may be applied to the discomposed Eye in a small quantity If the Courteous Reader be desirous to be farther satisfied concerning the Materia Medica proper to the Cure of this Disease I refer him to the Medicines assigned to the Unguis Oculi which is nearly related to the present Malady Another disaffection of the Adnata is called by the Latines Sugillatio and by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in English the Blood-shed of the Eye which arising from a Blow or Fall maketh a Contusion of the Eye a Laceration of the Capillary Carotide Arteries inserted into the
substance of the Cornea in so great a quantity that it distends it to a Laceration of the region of the Cornea or rather the sharp Purulent Matter corrodes the Tunicle and is lodged under it or between it and the Uvea or sometimes it corrupts that Membrane and is enclosed between the Uvea and watry Humor and other times it is extended to the Cristalline Humor This Disease is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pus sub Cornea In this Disease about the beginning Purging and Bleeding may not be amiss especially in Plethorick Constitutions The Cures of the said Discase and then resolving and emollient Medicines may be used made of the decoction of Flowers of Chamaemel Melilote Seeds of Psyllium and Faenugreek to which afterward may be added the Leaves of Eye-bright Salendine the Great which are very proper to take away the reliques of an Opthalmy which if neglected is productive of this Disease and in order to its Cure may be applied a Collyrium made of Tutty Prepared Aloes Sugar-Candy and a little Myrrh infused in the destilled Waters of Fennel Salendine the Great Rue Vervain or Roses of which a few drops may be instilled into the Eyes Sometimes a proper Medicine may be made up of Saffron Aloes and Myrrh in a little Wine and Honey In this case when Matter cannot be discussed by resolving and emollient Medicines Galen and Aetius do advise a Puncture to be made in the Cornea as in the suffusion of the Eye which operation is rarely celebrated of late and requireth the most dextrous hand of a Skilful Chyrurgeon lest an Apertion being made in the Cornea the aqueous Humor should flow out with the Purulent Matter The Eye as well as other parts of the Body A Cancer of the Cornea is sometimes subject to a Cancer most commonly seated in the Cornea or Adnata which may be referred to a Tumor if it be Latent but if the Tunicle be corroded by the Venenate nature of the Humor it is termed a Canerous Ulcer The Diagnosticks in both may be an unequal hardness of the Cornea or neighbouring parts a Livide or Lead colour an intolerable pricking pain and the Veins appear to be hued with a dark or blackish colour in the swelling of the Eye and parts adjacent This terrible Disease taketh its rise from Blood The cause of a Cancer infected with a virulent quality carried into the Cornea by the Extremities of the Carotide Arteries whence ariseth a Tumor as the serous parts of the Blood are lodged in the Interstices of the Vessels relating to the Cornea as not entertained into the origens of the Jugular Veins This Disease if it hath taken a deep root in the part affected is not to be mastered by the power of Art and admitteth only a Palliative Cure which giveth ease and prolongeth Life In the beginning of this Disease gentle Purging is useful and Blood may be taken either out of the Neck or Arm Applications may be made in the beginning of a Cancer in the Cornea or by Cupping-Glasses applied to the Shoulder and Neck or by Leeches to the Neck or Arm and a slender Diet consisting wholly of Milk or of other Suppings made of Corn which are more beneficial than Flesh which will highten the Disease as Water-Gruel Barley-Gruel or Barley-Cream Panada c. may prove very advantageous Diet-drinks may be also advised made of China Sarzaparilla Harts-Horn and Ivory shavings Raisins of the Sun stoned to which may be added the Leaves of Eye-bright and Vervain or Mountain Sage An Eye-water may be prepared of the Roots of Spoonwort and of the Leaves of Robertian Cranesbill Arnoglossa Night-shade Salendine the Great Eye-bright young Frogs and Whites of Eggs Seeds of Faenugreek and Quinces and upon the Roots Seeds Herbs c. being pounded in a Mortar may be poured a sufficient quantity of the destilled water of Eye-bright and Roses and after a due infusion they may be destilled in a Leaden Alembick and afterward the Cancred Eye may be often washed with this water Learned Riviere giveth an account of Mauritius Cordaeus Comment 7. in Lib. 1. Hippocrat de morbis Mulierum Refert ille Historiam Nobilis cujusdam foeminae cui tota pars dextra faciei Cancro eoque Ulceroso obsessa fuit diutissime quae cum variis auxiliis à Medicis Italis Gallis Germanicis Hispanis peritis usa esset tandem vulgari hoc barbitonsoris remedio sanata est Pullos Gallinaceos in partes tenues latas concidebat quas saepiuscule commutando interdiu admovebat parti affectae Alii admovent carnes pullorum columbinorum sectas adhuc tepidas I humbly conceive that the flesh of Chickens and Pidgeons being applied warm and often changed may draw out the malignity of the Cancrous humor or at least give ease in great pains frequently attending Cancers and especially those of the Eyes as being the most tender parts endued with most acute sense CHAP. XIII Of the Diseases of the Uvea and their Cures HAving discoursed the Disaffection of the Adnata and Cornea the two upper Coats of the Eye it follows in order that we should treat of the Diseases of the third Coat the Uvea which is liable to an undue position called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latins Procidentia which is an unnatural situation of this Tunicle made by the Rupture of the Cornea either by a Wound or by an Ulcer Aegineta hath made four kinds of Procidence belonging to the Uvea The several kinds of Diseases of the Vvea according to its greater or less dimensions if a small part only be dislocated he calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as it resembleth in Figure the Head of a Fly and if a greater portion of it be disseated he calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as being like the Stone of a Grape and if the greatest part of it be displaced it is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the Figure of an Apple and when the Uvea hath contracted a callous nature it is named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Clavus This Disease is distinguished from those of the Cornea as a manifest separation of the Uvea from the Cornea may be discerned whereas in Nature these Tunicles are nearly conjoyned As to the Cure of the Dislocation or Procidence of the Uvea it denoteth Astringent Medicines mixed with Specificks relating to the Eye to reduce the Uvea if possible into its proper situation and in this case Medicines propounded in the Rupture of the Cornea are very proper All the other Tunicles are whole Segments relating to their surfaces but the Uvea being perforated in the middle doth somewhat resemble a Ring as the hole is a little Circle through which the resemblances of things clothed with beams of Light are received into the body of the Eye and pass through the various Humors to make appulses upon the Retina in order to its Vision The Pupil of the Eye appeareth greater or less as
the offensive Humor have recourse to the middle of the Pupil the resemblances of things appear to the Eye Latise-wise by reason the Matter clouding the Center of the Pupil representeth the visible Objects carried to its Margent as Pinked with many holes The Diagnosticks of a true Suffusion of the Eye is first that a Cloud appeareth in the Center of the Pupil which is not found in a spurious Suffusion Secondly In it the Symptoms are continued but those of a Bastard-Suffusion are sometimes better and other times worse according to the greater or less Anathymiasis of Vapours afflicting the Eye which are much less when the Stomach is empty which represent Fleas Flies c. more or less at several times and sometimes the Eye is wholly free from such Phantasms as not at all affected with Vapours but in a true Suffusion the visible Objects are seen as through a Cloud or Glass which is the proper and Pathognomick Symptom of this Disease The Prognosticks may be determined according to the various times of the Disease The Prognosticks of a Suffusion by reason Galen is of an opinion that in the beginning of a Suffusion in which the visible images of things may be discovered as through a Glass the disaffection may admit a Cure which supposeth Youth and a good disposition of Body else in Old age and in an ill habit the disease for the most part proveth incurable especially in those that have been subject to a great and long flux of Humors into their Eyes Riviere giveth an account The Cures of a Suffusion that in the beginning of a Suffusion he Cured this Disease in a Person above Fifty years of age by frequent Purgings and Sudorifick Diet-drinks and Vesicatories without any application of Topicks If this Disease flow from an Inflammation of the Lungs a Phrensie or a violent pain of the Head it is hardly Curable as also when the Suffusion is Black and void of all transparency or when it is Green or Yellowish or like Quick-silver in colour or motion or when the Matter is lodged in the Center of the Pupil wherein the Objects are represented Latise-wise there is a small hope of any Cure in a Cataract In the beginning of this Disease in a Plethorick Body A Vein may be opened in a Suffusion a Vein may be safely opened and Purgatives also may be advised mixed with Cephalick and Specifick Alteratives proper for the Eyes And afterward Diet-drinks may be advised made of Lignum-Sanctum Sarzaparilla Sassafras Salendine the Great Vervain Eye-bright And the Head may be Fomented with a Lixivium in which the Leaves of Betony Eye-bright Majoran Rose-Mary Lavender and Coriander-seed may be boiled And also Cupping-Glasses Vesicatories may be applied to the Shoulders and Neck to which also a Setum may be administred In order to discuss the offensive Matter Fomentations by way of Vapours may be used to the Eye made of Ground Ivy Eye-bright Valerian Salendine the Great c. And afterward detersive Medicines may be applied prepared of White Honey depurated or distilled Waters of Honey or Honey of Roses or Squills of which some few drops may be instilled into the parts affected Morning and Night Or else take the Leaves of Green Corn Rue Pimpernel Salendine the great distilled with a little Cinamon and Mace and a small proportion of white-White-wine after a due infusion You may take the distilled Water of Salendine mixed with White Vitriol and prepared Tutty in a small quantity and with a little Vitrum Antemonii and Sugar-Candy This Medicine is very much commended by Galen made of the Gall of a Cock the Blood of a Mouse mixed with a Womans Milk which may safely be applyed to the Eyes Or take of the Leaves of Rue Fennel Eye-bright Salendine the great the Seeds of Fenugreek the Flowers of Chamaemel and Melilot and let them be boiled in three parts of Fountain Water and one part white-White-wine and let the part affected be bathed with a soft Spunge or let the fume of this Decoction be received into the Eyes Other Medicines also may be of great use in this Disease which shall be advised in the Gutta Serena When proper methods of Physick have been administred and prove altogether unsuccessful Chyrurgical operations are to be celebrated as the last remedy And as I humbly conceive a Cataract is to be couched after this manner The manner of couching a Catarach by first obliging the Patient to turn his Eye inward toward the Nose and the Needle is to be immitted into the Adnata in the middle between the outward Canthus and the Cornea over against the middle of the suffusion and to be gently handled till it come to the middle of the Pupil and Cataract where the Needle is to be quickly turned till by degrees it is brought below the whole region of the Pupil and then after some little stay the Needle is to be lifted up and not immediately taken away That the Cataract may rise and be gently brought away And immediately after it the White of an Egg may be beaten up with Rose-water and Alom and applyed to the Eye with a little Linnen to hinder the fluxe of Humors and prevent an Inflammation Sometimes it happens when the Cataract is not ripe as being not concreted when it is pricked with a Needle it runneth about like a milky substance or a puddle water whereupon it is discharged and cannot again coalesce into one body by reason the Tunicle enclosing it is broken by the Needle CHAP. XV. Of the Diseases of the Aranea and the Cristalline and Vitreous Humor and their Cures THe Cristalline Humor of the Eye is every way encompassed with a thin transparent Tunicle The grossness of the Aranea called by the Latines Aranea This fine Coat is sullied with gross Humors issuing out of the capillary carotide Arteries inserted into its substance this disaffection is known when the Sight groweth dimm as if it were celebrated through a White Vail lying deep in the Eye which being free from this Disease when we fix our Sight upon anothers Eye it maketh the Image of a minute Face in it which cannot be seen when the Aranea is rendred somewhat Opace by a thick Recrement Sometimes the Aranea is broken by the ill accident of a stroke The Rupture of the Aranea or fall and other times corroded by sharp saline Humors whereupon this thin Film being spoiled the Cristalline and watry Humor are made confused when the fine party-Wall of the Aranea is dis-joyned The Cristalline Humor confined within the Aranea hath little or no colour being of a transparent nature and is beautified with a kind of orbicular depressed Figure its situation is in the middle if a line be drawn through the middle of the Pupil to the Origen of the optick Nerve but in reference to the anterior and posterior region of the Eye its seat is not in the Center but inclines somewhat to the
which taking their rise from within the Head and passing through the Meatus of the Skull do affect the innate Air which is acted sometimes with uniform othertimes with various and a Third way with continued or repeated Motions which beating upon the auditory Nerves derive their Birth from Vapours arising out of neighbouring parts It seemeth also evident that if the Ears be affected inwardly with Diseases that the Bombus internus Aurium is silenced by a vehement outward noise of the Membrane of the Tympanum which is effected as I conceive by the faint inward motion of the innate Air ceasing upon a new more vigorous motion super-induced which quieteth or at least confounds or obscures the other by over-powring it The innate undulating Air as new Radii are formed in it is conformed to the more lively configurations of the external Air First imprinted upon the outside of the Tunicle of the Tympanum and then the inside being contracted the same impressions are made upon the innate Air and afterward are transmitted to the Membrane covering the Coclea interspersed with many nervous Fibrils CHAP. XIX Of the Diseases of the Ear and its Cures THe Ear is a rare Compage made up of an outward Expansion endued with divers Flexures and a more inward passage and many little Bones Muscles Membranes Holes and Meanders beset with nervous Fibrils the immediate Organ of Hearing which is disordered with greater and less disaffections of the auditory Instruments productive of a lessened or abolished Function which is caused either originally by some defect of the Brain or by default of the Ear. A diminished The causes of a lessened or abolished Hearing or lost Hearing may proceed either from a cold and moist distemper of the Brain or by the Origen of the Nerves obstructed in the ambient parts of the Brain by some gross Humor lodged near the extremities of the Fibrils or by some extravasated Blood or Recrements compressing the beginning of the Nerves hindring the current of the animal Liquor and Spirits into the auditory Nerves which happeneth in an Apoplexy and other sleepy Diseases which are cured by bleeding Purging cephalick Julapes Powders Pills of which I intend to treat of more at large hereafter in the Therapeuticks belonging to the Diseases of the Brain The disaffections of Hearing are derived also from defect of the Ear The obstruction of the auditory passage either when the auditory passage is obstructed by Recrements or gross Humors or by any Tumor Abscess purulent Matter c. hindring the free reception of Sounds into the inward recesses of the Ear whereupon they cannot make brisk appulses upon the auditory Nerves whence proceedeth a dulness of Hearing This Disease is often cured by injections of Canary Sack The cure of the obstructed auditory passage and other cleansing Decoctions of a healing nature as also Fomentations may be applied to the Ear made of Centaury the less Marjoram Rue Bays and with the Flowers of Chamaemel Melilot Rosemary Lavender Mace and Cinamon boiled in equal parts of Water and white-White-wine added in the end of the Decoction out of which may be made a Suffitus received by a Tunnel into the entrance of the Ear which is conducive to the cure of the lessened or lost Hearing as the warm vapors of the Decoction do penetrate into the inward parts of the Ear and relieve the Tympanum and its Muscles and Nerves besetting the Coclea Instead of a Fomentation may be immitted into the auditory passage hot Bread prepared with Seeds of Caraway newly taken out of the Oven and moistned with new Balme made warm After a Fomentation Injection or Fume have heen admitted a little Cotton or Wooll may be put into the Ear mixed with Civet and some drops of the juyce of a rosted Onyon or Oil of bitter Almonds Rue or the like Sometimes the hearing is impaired by relaxation of the Tympanum The disaffection of Hearing caused by a relaxed Tympanum produced by a cold and moist distemper or when the Tympanum is not rendred Tense by reason the outward and the inward Muscle are so weakened that they cannot contract themselves and brace the Drum of the Ear to give a reception to the appulses of Sounds embodied with Air. Othertimes the Tympanum groweth thick The thickness of the Tympanum as incrassated with gross Recrements or by an unnaturl thick substance or by a double Membrane which hath been observed in some persons Little Insects are bred sometimes in the Cavity of the Ear which give a great trouble in their constant motion making a high discomposure and noise in the Ear These minute Animals are killed by the injection of bitter Medicines as juyce of Wormwood or Centaury the less into the Ear. The sense of Hearing is depraved by the noise of the Ear The Hearing is vitiated by noises within the Ear. and as the Eye the Organ of Sight ought to be destitute of all Colour that it may duely perceive variety of Colours as its proper Object Whereupon an Icterick Eye prepossessed with Yellow spoileth the Sight so unkindly Sounds lodged in the Ear The causes of a sound in the Ear. do hinder the perception of external Sounds and deprave the Sense of Hearing A Sound ariseth in the Ear by the violent motion of the innate Air which is gently moved when the Object is duely discerned by the influence of Sounds embodied with Air making soft appulses upon the Tympanum And the implanted Air is more vehemently moved by some unnatural cause which as I humbly conceive are Vapours and Wind which being endued with an Elastick disposition do strongly agitate the inward Air of the Ear and produce unnatural Sounds in the Ear disturbing the auditory Fibrils which may come from a vaporous mass of Blood transmitted by the corotide Artery to the instrument of Hearing which is very frequent in Hypocondriacal and Hysterick indispositions of Body This disaffection may also proceed from a purulent or sanious Matter and from pituitous Recrements out of which Vapours may arise giving a disturbance to the motion of the inward Air. Variety of unnatural Sounds are produced by the multitude or paucity by the thinness or grossness or by the Stone or violent motion of Vapours if they be crass and moved with a turbulent stream they seem to resemble the noise of rapid torrent of Water if the vapours be thin and be moved with quickness they make a hissing noise so that the greater or less proportion or more or less thinness or grossness and the violence or slowness of motion of Vapours are productive of variety of Sounds disaffecting the Organ of Hearing The cures of the noises proceeding from a hot and vaporous mass of Blood If this Disease be derived from a hot and spirituous indisposition of the Blood disaffecting the Ear it denoteth cooling and moistning Decoctions prepared with Barley Violets Lettice Water Lillies Seeds of Melons Pumpions White Poppy
c. If it taketh its rise from gross and numerous Vapours after purging evacuations have been celebrated attenuating and descutient Medicines recited before may be applyed to the Ear by way of Fomentation Suffumigation as also a little of the Decoction of Millepedes in Water and Wine may be administred with a Spunge and Medicines composed of the Galls of a Pike prove very efficacious in the cure of this Disease Decoctions of Calaminth Majoram Centaury the less Granes of Juniper Bay-berries and Worms washed in White-wine and tied up in a rag are proper in this case used by way of Fume or Bathing in reference to the noise of the Ear. The Ear is also afflicted with more troublesome Diseases of an Inflammation and Ulcer The inflammation of the Ear. The First is known by a violent beating pain a great heat and redness of the Ear which is extended sometimes to the Cheeks and Temples An Inflammation borroweth its rise from a quantity of Blood brought by carotide Artery either into the substance of the outward Auricle or into the Tympanum or other Membranes lodged in the inward Cavity of the Ear into which so large a quantity of Blood is imported by the terminations of the carotide Artery that the Purple Liquor cannot be received into the small Extremities of the jugular Veins which is produced either by the plenty or grosness of the Blood loosing its motion in the Interstices of the Vessels whereupon it ferments and acquireth an Inflammatory indisposition giving a great pain to the nervous and membranous parts of the outward and inward Ear accompanied with a troublesome pulsation of the Arteries caused by the intercepted motion of the Blood in the substance of the Ear compressing the Artery and hindring its free pulsati n which is also produced by a vehement motion of the Arteries labouring to make good the hindred circulation of the Blood As to the cure of this Inflammation a Clyster being premised A temporal Artery may be opened in the said Inflammation a Vein is to be opened in the Neck or Arm and if the Disease be very high accompanied with intolerable pains a temporal Artery may be opened and Cupping-glasses applied to the Shoulders and Neck and after gentle Purgations have been used Topicks may be applied and a Fomentation made up of the Leaves of Mallows Violets the Seeds of Quinces and Mallowes of the Flowers of Elder Chamaemel Melilot and Red Roses Afterward a Cataplasme may be administred prepared with Chickweed Lenticula palustris boiled in Milk and made into a due consistence with crums of White Bread And rosted Onions mixed with Oil of Elder or Roses and a little Saffron may be applied to the Ear in the form of a Pultice warm Womans new Milk beaten up with the White of an Egg may be put into the Ear warm with some Wooll or Cotton As also Oil of Water-Lillies or Roses mixed with some drops of juyce of Night-shade or Plantain may be used after the same manner Inflammations of the Ear coming from a quantity of Blood stagnating in the Interstices of the Vessels lodge in the coats of the Ears An Ulcer following an Inflammation of the Ear. often degenerate into an Ulcer as the serous Particles of the extravasated Blood being not discharged by Bleeding Diaphoretick and discutient Medicines do acquire a putrid Nature and corrode the Filaments of the auditory Membrane through which they employ themselves into the Cavity of the Ear. Ulcers of the Ear are also produced by sharp saline Recrements Ulcers flowing from acrimonious Humors transmitted with the Blood by the extremities of the carrotide Arteries into the substance of the Membranes whereupon they grow exulcerated by the acrimony of the serous saline parts of the Blood In this Disease afflicting a Plethorick and Cachochymick habit of Body The Cure of the said Ulcer Bleeding and Purging may be advised and then Topicks may be applied made of cleansing and healing Medicinss as Wine in which Flowers of Red Roses have been boiled as also the juyces of Beets Horehound and Honey have been boiled together and mixed with Syrup of dried Roses with which afterward a little of the Gall of a Pike Lamb or Calfe may be mixed Frankincense and Honey or a little White-wine or Vinegar may be boiled together and some drops may be applied to the inside of the Ear with Wooll or Cotton CHAP. XX. Of the Hair THE highest story relating to the elegant structure of Man's Body The Head may be called the Palace of Virtue and Science The enclosure of the Head commonly called the Head may be well styled a Palace of Virtue and Science in which the Soul as a Queen performeth her most noble acts The Head being the Presence Chamber of the Soul is immured with the Skull as with a thick Wall outwardly cased with many thinner enclosures The Hair Cuticula Cutis Membrana carnosa Pericranium Periostium This choice apartiment is furnished within with Two fine Hangings of the Dura and Pia mater clothing the Cortex of the Brain The Dura and Fia menyux are the Hangings of the Brain curiously carved into many Anfractus running in several Meanders curiously embroidered with great variety of Vessels shading the covering of the Brain and resembling a fair Landscip drawn by a Divine Hand The Guests Lodging in this noble Palladium The Cerebrum and Cerebellum are the inward parts of the Head are the most excellent part of Man's Body the Cerebrum and Cerebellum giving Sense and Motion by subtle irradiations by which the Soul celebrateth her Divine Functions and taketh care and conduct of this lesser World My Province at this time being the Head The Hair is the most outward covering of the Head I will present you at first with the most outward covering the Hair which may seem to deserve our notice as it consisteth of many oblong Bodies made up of Filaments rooted in the Skin and growing out of the pores of the Body The antient Philosophers assign this manner and method of the production of the Hair The Antients conceived the Hair to be formed of Steams The gross steams of excrementitious Matter arising from the Third Concoction in the habit of the Body are carried upward till as troublesome Guests they are forced outward to the pores of the Skin where sticking some time in the narrow passages they are concreted till a new access of steams do croud one another forward and generate Hair as they will have it by apposition and propagateth in length by a constant new accretion of Matter but this scruple may be started which seemeth to oppose this Hypothesis That if Hair doth proceed from the Vapours of excrementitions Matter which universally transpire through the pores of the whole Body why is it not generated in all parts of the Skin which if true would disguise the beautiful colour of the surface of the Body Farthermore I do not
sometimes determining in an Apoplexy I saw a Brewers Man upon a great blow of his Head oppressed with a great Lethargy and Fever An Observation upon this case which ended in an Apoplexy after some few hours and the Scalpe being taken off a great Fracture appeared having pierced both Tables of the Skull which being taken off a quantity of Blood was discerned to be lodged upon the Dura mater which compressed the Blood-vessels and hindred the motion of the Blood into the Cortex and produced the Lethargy ending in an Apoplexy A Gentleman receiving a wound in his Eye by a Tobacco-pipe which forthwith entred into the substance of the Brain producing a great Sopor ending in death Afterward the Brain being opened a wound was discovered in it near the Eye oppressing it with extravasated Blood which sometimes suppurates and corrupts the substance of the Brain generating first a Lethargy and then an Apoplexy Having given a short History of the Nature The Sleepy Diseases being akin in their causes are much alike in Cures too and causes of Sleepy Diseases it may be now pertinent to speak somewhat of their Cures which are very much alike as they hold great affinity one with another And I will begin with an Apoplexy as the highest of sleepy affections in reference to the preservatory indication or to its Fit which often proceedeth from a quantity of Blood and its intercepted motion caused either by the grossness of Blood or Compression produced by the Tumor of the adjacent parts which do all Indicate a free mission of Blood out of the jugular Veins or out of the Arm which may be again and again repeated in a plethorick Body And Clysters may be administred prepared with Emollients and Discutients to which may be added the leaves of Rue Species Hierae the lenitive Electuary c. Vomits may be given Vomitories Cupping-Glasseâ— Vesicatoâ—ies prepared with Salt of Vitriol in compound Walnut-water Oxymel of Squills or infusion of Crocus metallorum taking often free draughts of Posset-drink between the vomiting Cupping-glasses may be applied to the Shoulders and Neck and to the top of the Head according to Fracastorius As also blistering Plaisters made large and strong may be used and affixed between the Shoulders and to the Neck and the inside of the Arms near the Axillaries Strong Purgatives may be given in this Disease Strong Purgatives are also very proper in this Disease prepared with Amber Cochiae minores Extract Rud. Faetid M. quickened with some grains of Trochisc of Alhandal or Diagridium Julapes may be given made up of Distilled Water of Lilly of the Valley Julapes Lime Flowers Rue compound Paeony Compound Briony Spirit of Lavender to which may be added some drops of Spirit of Hartshorn Spirit of Smoke Castor Salt Armoniack succinated c. As also gross Powders prepared with Amber Castor Galbanum Asa faetida Suffum gations c. may be thrown upon Embers and the Fumes received into the Nostrils and the Temples and Nostrils may be anointed with Oil of Amber Ointments Spirit of Castor apoplectick Balsome to which may be added some drops of Salt Armoniack succinated The top of the Head being shaved may be annointed about the Coronal and Sagittal Suture with Oil of Amber Spirit of Lavender c. and a hot Frying-pan may be held near the Head to warm it and the Oil and Spirits that they may have the greater influence upon the Brain And in desperate Apoplectick Fits a Red hot Iron may be held near the Coronal Suture and Occiput that its heat and pain may reduce the Patient to Sense Or a strong Blistering Plaister applied to the coronal Suture which is more safe and less troublesome And the Body being universally purged by proper Medicines given with Cephalicks particular Evacuations may be advised Whereupon the excretory vessels of the Tongue and Palate Gargarismes or Apophelmatismes may be opened by Gargarismes that the Oral Glands may discharge the Recrements of the Blood and sollicite its motion by opening the terminations of the Carotide Arteries inserted into the substance of the Oral Glands To this end roots of Pellitory boiled in simple Oxymel to which some Castor may be added and Mustard-seed powdered and mixed with Honey or else boiled in strong White-wine may be applied to the Palate Sternutatory Powders may prove very beneficial in this Disease Sternutatories made of Majoram Seeds of Nigella Pepper Castor to which may be added some grains of White Ellebore and Pellitory Fumes also may be received into the Nostrils coming from Vinegar prepared with the Seed of Nigella Rue and Castor thrown upon a Red hot Iron As also shavings of Hartshorn and the Clawe of an Elke or Feathers or Hair of a Goat cast upon Embers and held under the Nostrils have great efficacy to remove a deep Sleep and comfort the Brain which is the nature of all Faetids Frictions of the soles of the Feet with Vinegar and Salt Frictions with Hands anointed with Oil of Rue Spirit of Castor c. speak great advantage in Fits of an Apoplexy The Head may be bathed with Vinegar Fomentations in which the Berries of Bays and Juniper the Roots of Angelica Imperatoria and the leaves of Betony Rue Sage Rosemary Majoram Winter-Savory the Flowers of Lavender Sage Betony Rosemary Paeony c. After the Fomentation a Sacculus may be applied to the Head A Sacculus made of the Spices of Nutmegs Cloves Mace Cubebs and the Flowers of Betony Sage Majoram Rosemary c. A preservatory method of Physick may be advised to persons that have escaped one or Two Apoplectick Fits as subject to them In this case purging Medicines may be advised of Senna Agarick Rubarb Flowers of Paeony Sage Rosemary c. infused in Distilled Waters of Flower of Lime Paeony mixed with a little white-White-wine to which being strained may be added Syrup of Buckthorn Peach-flowers and Syrup of Roses solutive Bleeding proper in this course Afterward Bleeding may be freely celebrated which by lessening of the quantity of Blood and by making good its circulation doth prevent Inflammations Abscesses Ulcers of the Brain proceeding from the stagnation of Blood Vomitories may be given after Purgatives Fontanels the great cause of an Apoplexy When a Purgative hath been celebrated Vomitories may be administred made with some proper Emetick Afterward Two large Fontanels may be made between the Shoulders to divert and discharge some ill Humors Electuaries having recourse to the Head to prevent the Apoplectick Fit in order to it an Electuary may be advised prepared with Conserves of Lime-Flowers Lilly of the Valley Paeony the Powders of Amber Castor Pearl Coral and Humane Skull the Seeds of Paeony Apozemes and Goats-Rue made up with the Syrup of Lime-Flowers After which a draught of an Apozeme may be taken prepared with the Flowers of Betony Sage Rosemary Lavender and with Viscus Quercinum or
White Amber Castor roots of Paeony and Millepedes powdered made up with Syrup of Lime-Flowers or Lilly drinking after every Dose a good draught of a Cephalick Apozeme to which may be added Ten or Twelve drops of Spirit of Castor Pearl Julapes Julapes made of the Distilled waters of Cephalicks and compound Paeony to which may be added the Spirit of Lavender and sweetned with refined Sugar Powders also may be advised prepared with White Amber roots of Paeony Tincture of Steel or Powder of it prepared and given in proper Apozemes Purgations must be now and then advised in a Steel course Coral prepared Pearl c. and may be given in a Decoction of Cephalick Flowers of Rosemary Betony Sage Tey c. A Tincture or Syrup of Steel or its Powder prepared with Sulphur may be advised to be taken with Cephalick Apozemes made with the Flowers of Rosemary Lavender Paeony c. Every Fourth or Fifth day a gentle purgative draught may be prescribed mixed with Cephalick Medicines during the course of Steel CHAP. LXVI Of the Delirium and Phrenitis BEfore I Treat of a Phrenitis The description of a Delirium I will discourse briefly of a Delirium as preliminary to it which doth not truly apprehend the Images of things First presented to the outward Senses and afterward imparted to the common Sense and Phancy by reason the Animal Spirits are much clouded by an ill nervous Liquor and as its due temper and motion is more or less perverted it is productive of greater or less disaffections of the Brain wherein the species presented from the outward to the inward Senses are ill perceived or unduely compounded or divided whereupon the Understanding being presented with distracted and confused Phantasmes exerteth irregular operations and giveth an ill conduct to the Will in various misguided and unreasonable acts Phrenitis is a kind of Delirium which are all styled under a common Name of Delirium which being in a less degree and shorter in time is vulgarly called a Delirium and when it continueth longer and more severe as accompanied with a Fever and other more troublesome accidents is named Phrenitis attended sometimes with Raving and other times degenerates into a Mania Melancholia Stupiditas of which I will discourse in order and First of a Delirium and Phrenitis A Delirium is rather a Symptome then a Disease as being a shadow A Delirium is rather a Symptome then Disease following other Disaffections My Province at this time is to make an inspection into the nature and causes of the Malady called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Greeks and Delirium by the Latines and is a perverted operation of the Brain flowing from malignant Fevers Hysterick Paroxysmes the eruption of the Small Pox c. This Symptome seemeth to be seated in the more inward Recesses of the Brain where the common Sense Phansy The seat of a Delirium and Memory do perform their operations which are acted by the Animal Spirits the Ministers of the Mind which being hurried in irregular motions do confound the representations of outward sensible Objects when their Appulses are conveyed by nervous Fibrils to the more inward sensitive Faculties which being disturbed in their due apprehensions do make disorderly Phantasmes recommended to the Understanding whereupon this more noble Function cannot make a right judgment of the Objects presented to it from the inward Senses so that the Will following the irregular Dictates of the Understanding doth make ill Elections as mis-governed by an erroneous guide In a Brain well-disposed The regular motion of the Animal Spirits the Animal Spirits make regular motions from the Origen of the Nerves through the Interstices of their Filaments making their progress through the several Processes of the Brain in due manner and order as instituted by nature whence the outward and inward Senses and the more intellectual Faculties do exercise regular Operations in the true perception of outward and inward Objects But if the nervous Liquor and its more agile and more refined Particles The irregular motion of the Animal Spirits do make violent and tumultuary excursions through the various Filaments relating to the fibrous Compage of the Brain the thoughts of the Mind are rendred disturbed and the outward and inward perceptions of Sense and Reason confused and irregular as not able to make right apprehensions of things If any one shall make an inquiry into the causes of these depraved operations of Sense and Reason it may seem to proceed upon a double account First The First cause of a Delirium is in the Blood by reason of a fierce mass of Blood having access to the Brain by the inward Carotide Arteries whereupon the Animal Spirits grow discomposed The Second reason of a Delirium is from a depraved nervous Liquor producing unquiet Animal Spirits The Blood is in fault by reason of an undue effervescence The Second antecedent cause of a Delirium caused by heterogeneous fermentative Particles having an influence upon the Brain or when the boiling Blood in the Paroxysmes of intermittent or acute Fevers is carried in a great quantity into the Membranes of the Brain distending them and compressing its fibrous Compage Whereupon the Animal Spirits are acted with violent motions between the spaces of the nervous Filaments And the enraged Particles the Red Crassament of Blood do highly discompose the serous parts of it The Third cause of a Delirium may be in the serous part of the Blood out of which the nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits are generated so that they grow very restless and impetuous in their motions hither and thither disquieting the Oeconomy of the Brain and the Animal Functions of the common Sense Phancy Memory Understanding producing a Delirium which is a depraved exercise of the operations of the said Faculties The Blood is also poisoned with malignant qualities as in the Plague Fevers Small Pox which act the Animal Spirits with enormous operations disordering the rational and sensitive Faculties This distemper being of a short continuance doth not denote any particular cure as being a Symptome of acute Diseases which being determined a Delirium immediately disappears and by reason the Animal Spirits are receptive of a great trouble and confusion in this disaffection The Cure and Medicines in order to cure a Delirium Cephalick Medicines may be advised in the form of Apozemes Powders Pills Electuaries to appease the fierce Particles of the Animal Liquor apt to be hurried with violent and irregular motions as also to strengthen the laxe Compage of the Fibrils of the Brain distended with the over-much elastick Particles of the Animal Liquor As to a Delirium Another course of Physick must be prescribed in order to cure a Delirium the consequent of a malignant Fever the consequent of an acute and malignant Fever another method of Physick may be advised as opening a Vein in a Plethorick Constitution As
Mopishness may be derived from other Diseases as they proceed from diverse Causes some being accidental as Mopishness flowing from other diseases of Madness Hypocondriacal distempers Hysterick Epileptick and Apoplectick Fits c. Whereupon the Succus Nervosus is often thickened and effaete as having lost its more volatil saline Particles whereupon the Animal Spirits are rendred few and pawled as having lost their more fine Particles whereby they become disabled to exert the Animal Faculties And I humbly conceive Mopishness may proceed from a natural defect of Sense and Reason that Stultitia or Stupidity ariseth out of a natural defect of Sense and Reason proceeding from the ill Figure and Conformation of the Brain and when the Succus Nervosus and its more select Particles are naturally indisposed as being hereditary imparted from vitiated seminal Liquor of Parents which is much more difficult to be cured A hereditary Mopishness then the acquisite diaffection of Mopishness which in time by due methods of Physick may be cured in some degree As to the Prognosticks of Stupidity The Prognosticks of Mopishness if it be in a high degree wholly or for the most part cancelling the acts of right Reason and Imagination especially if it be Connate and Hereditary doth shew it incurable yet Children that are somewhat stupid and dull in the acts of Wit and Judgment in riper years get their parts more elevated and obtain a better use of Reason and Sense as having the temper of the Succus Nervosus and Animal Sprits endred more refined and volatil If this Disease be accidental and acquisite as proceeding from some gentle Cephalick Diseases it may be cured and the Animal Faculties return to their regular operations But if Stupidity or rather Mopishness be derived from an inveterate Epilepsy or a Lethargy Coma Carus or Apoplexy the Malady proveth incurable as having the Crasis of the nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits wholly perverted If a Lethargy be not of any long continuance as also a Comatose indisposition it may admit a Cure and the Animal Powers and their acts may be reduced in some degree if not fully to their Original temper as having the Brain and its peculiar Juyce and Spirits repaired by a proper course of Physick which I have seen in many of my Patients Sometimes this Disease is it be not too deeply radicated having not long perverted the Oeconomy a supervening Fever in some sort may produce a Cure as refining the Blood and nervous Liquor and Spirits by Fermentation whereupon their impure Recrements are thrown off by Urine and a free transpiration through the excretory Ducts of the Skin so that the Vital and Animal Liquor being depurated the Spirits recover much of their former Crasis As to the Cure of this Disease This Disease in some case may admit a Cure if it do not arrive to a great degree of Stupidity but rather an extraordinary dulness in the exercise of the acts of Reason and Sense it may in some sort admit a recovery by the assistance of a good Tutor as well as a Physician which may contribute much by good Rules and Precepts of Art to the advancement of heavy parts affected with a mean apprehension and Judgment The advice of a Physitian may be proficuous as giving good prescriptions of proper Medicines to depurate the Vital and Animal Liquor and Spirits by rendring them active and volatil and by dispelling the dark Clouds and Vapours of the Brain to make way for the reception of lucid Particles perfective of the Animal Spirits the immediate instruments of the Animal Powers In plethorick Bodies labouring of Stupidity and Mopishness Bleeding may be used with good success in this Disease a Vein may be opened in the Neck Forehead Arm as also Leeches may be applied to the Haemorrhoidal Veins Fontanels may be made in the Arm Neck between the Shoulders Footanels proper in Mopishness or in the inside of the Thigh or Leg to divert gross Recrements from the Brain and relieve the Blood and nervous Liquor and its more spirituous Particles whereupon they become more fit instruments to celebrate the operations of the Brain Purging Medicines prepared with Cephalicks Purging Medicines prepared with Cephalicks may be very proper in these Diseases to refine the Blood and Succus Nervosus so that the Animal Spirits may be exalted and the Crasis of the Brain rendred laudable duely to exert the acts of Imagination Memory and Reason Apozemes are very advantageous made of Lime-Flowers Cephalick Apozemes Lily of the Valley Betony Sage Rorismary to which may be added Compound Paeony-water Syrupe of Paeony Lime-Flowers or Lily of the Valley Spirit of Hartshorn and Salt of Ammoniack succinated Spirits may be given in a draught of Black-Cherry Water Lime Water or Lily of the Valley Paeony and the like Morning and Evening A Magistral distilled Water may be good A Magistral distillâ—d Water prepared with the Flowers of Betony Sage Majoram the Flowers of Rorismary Sage Lime Lily of the Valley Paeony Nutmegs and besprinkle them with Canary for Twelve hours and afterward distill them in a large quantity of Milk in a Rose Still to this distilled Water may be added a small quantity of Compound Paeony or Compound Briony Water or a small proportion of Spirit of Lavender Or in a draught of this distilled Water may be given some drops of the tincture of Castor Amber or Elixir Proprietatis c. An Electuary prepared with the Conserves of the Flowers of Sage Cephalick Electuarie Rorismary Betony Lime Lily of the Valley mixed with Condite Eringo Roots or Citron-Pill or that of Auranges Limons Powder of Castor Amber Paeony-Roots made up with Syrupe of Lime-Flowers or Lily of the Valley drinking after it a good draught of the distilled Water above advised Ale Ale medicated with Cephalicks medicated with Flowers of Sage Betony Lime Lily of the Valley Rorismary Cubebs Nutmegs Mace c. may be very beneficial in these Diseases Balsamick Ointments Topicks may be safely administred and Emplaisters made of Cephalicks as also Fomentations of the same kind may be applied to the Head shaved as also Caps quilted with the Flowers of Lime Lily of the Valley Sage Betony Lavender Rorismary Spices of Mace Nutmegs Cloves Galangal c. Linements of Balsame of Tolu natural Balsame Capivium Oil of Nutmegs and Mace by expression may be administred to the Head when shaved with good success CHAP. LXX Of Convulsions and Convulsive Motions IN the Pathology of the Brain my intention is to Treat of a Convulsion The difference of Convulsions and Convulsive motions and how it differeth from Convulsive Motions as the one disagreeth from the other in several positions of the Muscles and duration of their involuntary motions In a Convulsion the Limbs and other parts of the Body have a constant rigid posture rendring them so stiff that they cannot at all bend or else without great difficulty be
Epilepsy produced by an abscess of the Brain corrupting its substance and the Animal Liquor which being transmitted to the Fibrous Compage of the Brain and afterward to the Nerves branched through the parts of the Body makes unnatural motions the common Heralds of death A Youth labouring of a Fever and Convulsive motions An example of an Epileptick Person dying of an Apostemated Brain which determined his days and afterward his Brain being opened the Dura Menynx was discovered to have its Vessels turgid with black extravasated and concreted Blood and the neighboring parts of the Brain apostemated Sometimes a Falling-sickness may arise from a Polypus caused by a concreted Liquor lodged in the confines of the Brain A Falling-sickness comeing from a Polypus in the Brain flowing from the saline Particles of the Serous Liquor of the Blood highly annoying the tender Nerves of the Brain Of this case Learned Blasius giveth an Instance Observ Med. 2. Part 6. Ait ille in sinu Menyngis durae longitudinali subjecti muliebris publice in Theatro Amstelodamensi dissecti materia continebatur alba tenacissima quae sinum replebat ad omnes sinus rivulus diffundebatur Epilepsin laboraverat Mulier jam ab aliquo tempore qua etiam extincta An Epilepsy may also be derived from a wound of the Brain A Falling-sickness coming from a wound of the Brain cutting the Blood-Vessels whence ensueth a great effusion of Blood into the substance of the Brain producing a Falling-sickness A Student was wounded in the top of the Head An Instance of a Patient dying of a Falling-sickness upon a wound of the Brain An Epilepsy caused by a fleshy Tumor lodged in a Ventricle of the Brain penetrating through both Tables of the Skull into the body of the Brain whereupon afterward he was afflicted with the Falling-sickness which proved fatal to him And his Skull being taken off his Brain was discerned to be black and gangreened A Falling-sickness may be also produced by some fleshy tumor lodged in a Ventricle of the Brain compressing the Fibrils of the Brain whence ensue great agitations to make good the current of Liquor and Animal Spirits passing between the Filaments of Nerves Of this case Learned Rhodius giveth an account Centur. 1. Observ LV. An example of the Falling-sickness Ait ille Nullo ingenio huic malo admodum gravi quandoque medelam reperiri miretur nemo qui communis mali causas ut plurimum inexpugnabiles consideraverit quidam singulari Ich. Praevotii fama excitatus recuperandae valetudinis spe Pataviam venerat Nullo effectu ad suos reversus quum paulo post fato cessisset in cerebri Ventriculo tumor Carnosus fuit inventus qui cerebro compresso inanem huic Morbo Medicinam docuit So that any compression of the Fibrils of the Brain proceeding from a Swelling or from concreted Blood lodged upon the Surface of Brain may produce a Falling-sickness accompanied with Convulsive motions whereby Nature endeavoureth to relieve her self by violent agitations of the Nerves A Child of mine being roughly treated by an imprudent Midwife An example of an Epilepsy proceeding from a Fracture of both Tables of the Skull was pulled into the World by the Head without Throwes whereupon a great Fracture of both Tables of the Skull did arise and a large source of Blood fell down by the laceration of Blood-vessels upon the Dura Menynx compressing the Origens of the Nervous Fibrils seated in the Cortex so that the Brain being aggrieved by a quantity of concreted Blood did attempt to discharge its load by Epileptick Fits attended with Convulsive motions the mournful prologue of Death A Falling-sickness may proceed not only primarily per idiopathiam An Epilepsy per sympathiam coming from a Gangreen of the Lungs from the disaffections of the Brain but per sympathiam too by consent originally flowing from the Maladies of other parts And sometimes from a Gangreen of the Lungs following an inflammation whence some part of the putrefied Blood being communicated by the Carotide Artery to the Cortex of the Brain did highly discompose the Nervous Fibrils and put them upon violent agitations productive of Epileptick Fits A young Man having drunk a great quantity of cold Water and lying long upon the Ground fell into a high Fever and Delirium accompanied with a great pain of his Head and Epileptick concussions of his Body and Limbs which concluded in death And afterward his Thorax being opened the right Lobe of his Lungs were found black and gangreened oppressed with a large quantity of gross concreted Blood A Falling-sickness may be sometimes derived from the Ulcer of the Pancreas A Falling-sickness coming from an Ulcer of the Pancreas tainting the Blood which being transmitted by proper Vessels to the Cortical Glands of the Brain infecteth the Nervous Liquor whereupon it being received into the Origens of the Fibrils putteth them upon irregular motions causing an Epilepsy An example of this may be given in an Hysterick Woman An Instance of an Epilepsy flowing from an Ulcered Pancreas who laboured with violent Convulsive motions the retinue of the Falling-sickness ending in a fatal storm And afterward her Body being opened the Viscera were found very free from any Disease except the Pancreas which was highly Ulcered and the cause of her Death An Epilepsy may be also derived from the Diseases of the Stomach and Intestines An Epilepsy proceeding from the Diseases of the Stomach and Guts labouring of a great Flatus giving a high discomposure which is very familiar to Children often troubled with Gripes proceeding from viscid Humors mixed with yellow or green Choler causing violent Convulsive motions in the Intestines and Stomach which are fine Contextures of Nerves which being first aggrieved by flatulent acrimonious Recrements do afterward draw the Nervous Fibrils of the Brain into consent and produce strong and fatal Epileptick Fits which I have often seen in Children tortured with these severe disaffections and after Death the Abdomen being opened I have discerned the Stomach and Guts to be highly tumefied and full of yellow and green Choler associated with a clammy Matter Children and Persons of riper years are often troubled with Worms An Epilepsy coming from Worms which highly afflict the Stomach and Guts with Convulsive motions which are afterward imparted to the Brain wherein the Origens of the Nerves are seated which very much sympathize with those of the Guts and Stomach in their afflictive Diseases An Epilepsy may be also generated by a hard gangreened Spleen A Falling-sickness is taking its rise from an Ul ered Spleen coming from too great a quantity of first inflamed and afterward extravasated concreted Blood some part of which being transmitted to the Cortex of the Brain vitiateth the Animal Liquor and Spirits making great agitations in the fibrous Compage of the Brain and afterward in the other Nerves of the Limbs and Body Of this case
of Posset-Drink may be taken made with three parts of Small Beer and one part White Wine prepared with the Flowers of Paeony Lime Lily of the Valley and the like And afterward Apozemes may be prescribed with the Roots of Valerian Cephalick Apozemes Paeony the Leaves of Goats Rue the Flowers of Paeony Lime Lily of the Valley Betony Sage c. In order to the Cure of this Disease out of a Paroxysm Bleeding proper in a Plethorick Body labouring of an Epilepsy in a Body abounding with Blood a Vein may be opened which I have advised with good success In the Fit Topicks may be applied in the Fit the Convulsed Fingers may be gently opened and the Limbs brought to a straight posture and that it may be the better effected they may be anointed with Oyl of Sweet Almonds or Oyl of Fox Worms c. as also the whole Chine may be anointed with Palsey Water or the Queen of Hungaries Water or with Wine or Brandy in which Cephalicks have been infused It is very good to anoint the Nostrils with Extract of Garden or Goats Rue Oyl of Amber Spirit of Castor Harts Horn of Salt Armoniack succinated Palsey Water c. The Palate and Tongue may be anointed with Treacle Mithridate Powder of Castor mixed with the Juice or Water of Rue Lavender Lime Flowers Lily of the Valley c. or with Castor or Mustard Seed powdered and mixed with Oxymel of Squills Suffumigations of Asafaetida Galbanum Mirrh with a little of Amber Suffumigations may be received into the Nostrils with great benefit in the time of the Fit Sternutatories may be administred made of Pelitory Maioran Castor Sternutatories of the Seeds of Rue Cubebes White-Pepper to which if it be not strong enough a few Grains of white Hellebore may be added And out of the Fits when Vomitories and Purging Medicines have been applied Powders Pills Apozemes and Julaps may be given As first Powders made of red Coral Castor Powders and the Roots of Paeony made up with Syrupe of Lime-Flowers or Paeony Or a Powder prepared with Misletowe of the Oak Dragons Blood Opoponax Castor to which may be added Powder of a Man's Skull Ungul Alc. c. And if Powders be unpleasant Conserves Electuaries may be prescribed of Conserves of Lime-Flowers Lily of the Valley Betony Paeony Sage mixed with Powders of Misletowe of the Roots of Paeony Valerian red Coral Castor and with the Roots of Eryngium and Citron Pill condited beaten in a Mortar into the form of an Electuary with Syrupe of the Flowers of Lily of the Valley Or an Electuary prepared with the Conserves of Rosemary Cowslips Electuaries Paeony Goats Rue mixed with the Powders of the Roots of Angelica Contrayerva Snakeweed of Virginia white Amber Castor c. made into an Electuary with the Syrupe of Lime-flowers Pills made of Castor of the Roots of white Briony Paeony Pills Valerian powdered with the Syrupe of Paeony After the Pills or Powders Apozemes a good draught of an Apozeme may be taken prepared with the Roots of Valerian Paeony Angelica the Leaves of Goats Rue the Flowers of Lime Lily of the Valley Rosemary Raisins of the Sun c. and sweetned with the Syrupe of Betony or Paeony adding to every draught some drops of the Spirit of Castor or Harts-Horn Salt Armoniack succinated and the like Sometimes a decoction of Sarza Parilla Guiacum the Roots of Paeony Misletowe of the Oak Flowers of Lime Rosemary and Sage may be very advantageous after Purgatives have been given to provoke Sweat which may be taken for many days Amulets may be made of Castor Galbanum Opoponax Amulets mixed with the Powder of the Roots of Paeony Misletowe put into a little Sacculus and hung about the Neck A Plaister composed of Betony Tacamahaca Caranna Emplaisters mixed with the Powder of Castor Roots of Paeony Valerian Misletowe made into a due consistence with Bees Wax may be applied to the Synciput being shaven Some Physicians promise a Cure by Mercurial Medicines Mercurial Medicines weaken the Nerves A Salivation may be raised in a strong and fowl constitution of Body Diet-drink is proper in and after Salivation raising a Salivation but others think it unsafe because it highly offendeth the Nerves before debilitated by Convulsive motions in Epileptick Fits and if a Salivation be attempted it must be done in robust fowl Bodies and afterward a Diet-drink must be advised of Sarza Parilla Guiacum and of the Roots of Valerian Paeony of the Flowers of Lime Lily of the Valley Raisins of the Sun c. this Decoction may be taken three or four times a day for a Fortnight or three Weeks as an Excellent Sudorifick to discharge the Venenate Nature of the Epilepsy and Mercury And I farther conceive Minerals proper in an Epilepsy that Antimonium Diaphoreticum and other Preparations of Antimony may be very beneficial in the Cure of the Scurvey Purging and Diuretick Minerals may be proper in this Disease as they refine the Blood which is very conducive to the Cure of it And Fontanels made in the Neck between the Shoulders and in the Arm as also Blistering Plaisters applied to the Neck between the Shoulders to the inside of the Arms Thighs and Legs are of great use in this Malady as they discharge the vitiated Particles of the Blood and Nervous Liquor the cause of an Epilepsy CHAP. LXXII Of the Convulsive Motions of Children CHildren are more obnoxious to Covulsive Motions Convulsive motions are familiar to Children then those of more mature age by reason the fibrous Compage of their Brain is more weak and tender as not being come to due perfection so that the ill fermentative Elements of the Blood infecting the nervous Liquor may easily annoy the most sensible and fine frame of Nerves seated in the highest middle and lowest Apartiment which are unable in Children to oppose the assaults of turbulent saline and sulphureous Recrements whereupon this terrible Malady of Convulsive Motions is more familiar to Children then persons of greater age who are most liable to them in the first Month after their Birth or about the time of breeding Teeth Children Conulsive motions affect various parts being of an ill constitution of Body till they come to be Two years old are often afflicted with Convulsive Motions distorting their Eyes Lips and Face which sometimes make great concussions of the Arms Thighs Legs and all Muscular parts of the Body by reason sometimes the Origens other times the Body and Plexes and Extremities of the Nerves too are tortured with great storms of Convulsive motions which are called universal as they infest all parts of the Body which striketh terror into the beholder This Disease is most afflictive of Children upon a double account First The First reason why Children are more subject to this Disease The Second reason because their Nerves are endued with a laxe Tone and
former and let it be sweetened with the Flowers of Lime Paeony or Lily of the Valley If the Child Suck Cephalick Medicines may be given to the Nurse Cephalicks may be advised for the Nurse if the Child Suck made of the Roots of Paeony and the Seeds of Goats Rue and Caraway boiled in Posset-drink As also an Electuary made of Conserve of Lime-Flowers Lily of the Valley Sage Paeony to which may be added the Powder of Missetowe of the Oak Paeony roots Castor made into a due Consistence with the Syrupe of Lime-Flowers or Lily of the Valley drinking after it an Apozeme prepared with the Roots of Angelica Paeony Flowers of Betony Rorismary Lime Lily of the Valley and after its strained it may be sweetned with the Syrupe of Paeony or Cowslips Powders may be advised for the Nurse composed of the roots of Valerian Powder for the Nurse White Amber Misletowe of the Oak of the hoof of a Bufalo Castor c. mingled with White Sugar and given in a spoonful of the Apozeme prescribed drinking after it a good draught of the same And to an Infant may be given Black Cherry or Rue Water A Cephalick Julape for a Child mingled with Compound Paeony or Compound Briony-water or with some drops of Spirit of Lavender or Spirit of Hartshorn and the like sweetned with some Cephalick Syrupe Amulets of the roots of Paeony Castor Amulets of the shavings of the hoof of a Bufalo mixed with Oil of Nutmegs by expression may be hung about the Neck of the Child troubled with Convulsions Blistering Plaisters are very proper in Convulsive motions If the Infant be actually in a Fit a blistering Plaister may be applied to the Nucha or to both sides of the Neck The Cephalick Plaister without Euphorbium or of Galbanum may be applied to the Feet The Powder of Gutteta according to Rivier The Powder of Gutteta or one compounded of a Humane Skull of Pearl of the hoof of a Bufalo c. may be given in a few grains in the following Julape made of Black Cherry simple Paeony or Goats Rue-water mingled with a small quantity of Antiepileptick Water of Langius and sweetened with the Syrupe of Lime-Flowers The roots of Valerian Paeony Lime-Flowers c. Infusions of Cephlicks may be infused in Canary and being strained off may be given in a very small quantity with White Sugar-candy or a Distillation may be made in a Glass retort with the heat of Sand of the roots of Valerian Paeony Lime-Flowers vitriol of Hungary the Skull of a Man in Compound Paeony water and the distilled water may be given in a small quantity sweetened with Syrupe of Betony or Lime-Flowers or if it seem to be too strong it may be allayed with the simple water of Paeony or of Lime-Flowers or of Lily of the Valley Some of the Gall of a Sucking Puppy taken in a small quantity of simple Paeony-water or of Lily of the Valley may be very proper in Convulsive Fits Oil of Castor Bathing the Chine with Spirits or Oil is of great use Leeches applied behind the Ears are good in Dentition As also blistering Plaisters Anodynes and Narcoticks are good in violent pains of the Teeth Medicines good for to destroy Worms Amber mixed with the compound Spirit of Lavender may be very proper to anoint the Chine of a Child afflicted with Convulsive motions In Convulsive motions proceeding from breeding of Teeth Blood may be taken away by Leeches set behind the Ears and Blistering Plaisters may be applied to the Nucha or sides of the Neck and Anodynes and Narcoticks may be used in violent pains of the Teeth whereupon the Gums may be rubbed or cut with some sharp instrument to make way for the eruption of Teeth In reference to Convulsions coming from Worms Rubarb infused in Wine Beer or Ale may be proper or some grains of Calamelanus given in extract of Aloes or with Rubarb mixed with some very few grains of Jailape In a Child of a strong Constitution and of some years Wormseed or Salt of Prunel Tartar or any bitter or salt Medicine will destroy Worms A Plaister made of Colocynth A Plaister may be applied to the Navel in this case Aloes macerated in juyce of Wormwood the Gall of an Ox all mixed and embodied with Bees-wax may be applyed to the Navil of the Child CHAP. LXXIII Of the Palsey THE noble Compage of the Brain being a systeme of numerous fine Fibrils branched through the Cortex Corpus callosum Fornix Corpora striata Nates Testes Medulla oblongata Cerebellum and its Processes and through the Medulla Spinalis as an elongation of the Brain These innumerable minute Fibrils of the Brain Cerebellum The Fibrils of the Brain and Cerebellum are composed of many Filaments In the exercises of Sense and Motion the Fibres are rendred tense and Medulla Spinalis being the constituent parts are framed of many small Filaments whose Interstices are receptive of the Animal Liquor and Spirits by whose spirituous and elastick Particles the Fibrils are rendred plump tense and fit to exert the acts of Sense and Motion which are also imparted to the Nerves of the whole Body as so many outlets of the Brain and the continuation of its fibrous Compage the first Origen and rudiment of all nervous Divarications overspreading and invigorating all the Apartiments of the Body with their select Liquor and their more refined Particles giving Sensation motion and nourishment The Faculties relating to the said Operations are lessened depraved The lessened or abolished or depraved Functions come from errors of the Brain or abolished by the errors of the Brain as being a systeme of innumerable Fibrils containing the nervous Liquor and its Spirits giving vigor and tenseness to the fibrous frame of the Brain and its appendices which are chiefly hurt in reference to Sense and Motion in Two disaffections either as they are depraved by Convulsive motions or when pain ariseth in point of Sense The Function of Sense or Motion are lessened or abolished in the Palsey The descriptiâ—on of a Palsey or when the Functions of Sense and Motion are very much lessened or abolished in a Palsey causing an impotency in the Limbs when the fibrous parts of the Brain and Limbs lose their vigor and tenseness A Palsey may admit this description That it is a resolution or relaxation of the fibrous Compage of the Body proceeding from defect of a due tenseness of the nervous Filaments whereupon the Faculties of Sense and Motion cannot exert their due operations in some or all parts of the Body A resolution happens to the nervous parts when the Succus Nervosus The cause of the resolution of the Nerves and its spirituous Particles are denied an access to the fibrous parts of the Brain Cerebellum and Medulla Spinalis or when the Animal Spirits losing their due volatil or elastick parts do not influence the Nerves with
of the Blood must be opened proper for Concoction and easy to be distributed and making few Excrements of which the more gross must be discharged by the Intestines and the more saline and watry severed by the Renal Glands and the Lympha by the Lymphaeducts and the bilious Recrements by the Hepatick Glands if these Colatories be open and free from obstructions the Blood acquireth a laudable Constitution but if the Viscera be clogged with gross Recrements they cannot duely perform their Office of Percolating the Blood The hindred perlocation of the Blood in the Viscera whereupon it is sometimes depraved with fixed saline othertimes with gross sulphureous and also with acide and acrimonious Recrements debasing the Blood and rendring it dispirited That all these intentions may be satisfied relating to many disaffections of the Viscera spoiling the eucrasy of the Blood is our Task at this time which must be accomplished by a due method of Physick advising proper Medicines of all sorts in right order The First seat of the Scurvey is in the Stomach Purging and Vomiting discharge the Stomack of its ill Recrements and its original cause is a crude indigested Chyle often infected with ill Humors spoiling the Ferments of the Stomach the great Menstruum dissolving the Compage of the Aliment in order to Concoction Whereupon it is reasonable to advise Purging and Vomiting Medicines to free the Ventricle from the importunate guests of offensive Excrements Bitter Medicines restore the Ferments of the Stomack to a good disposition and to administer bitter Medicines to restore the Ferments of the Stomach to a laudable temper And if the Pores of the Ventricle be obstructed aperient Medicines are proper to make way that the Ferments may be transmitted through secret Ducts into the Cavity of the Stomach to assist Concoction And in order to reduce the ill mass of Blood a great cause of the Scurvey to a laudable constitution by discharging its Faeces by secretion performed in the Viscera I conceive it very proper to advise Specificks to open the obstructed Glands of the Liver to depurate the Blood from adust bilious Recrements And in reference to acide and saline Faeces Diureticks discharge the Tartar of the Blood Diureticks may be prescribed to free the obstructed Glands from concreted Particles and help the slow excretion of Urine to refine the Blood from its gross Salt Recrements which are a great Element in the production of the Scurvey And because nature often dischargeth the saline Particles associated with the Blood by greater and less Arterial Branches into the cutaneous Glands wherein a secretion is made of the pure from the impure parts Diaphoreticks are very proper in the Scurvey whereupon they being carried by excretory Vessels to the surface of the Skin the Blood groweth refined so that in case of the Scurvey Diaphoretick Medicines may be prescribed with great advantage to the Patient In order to clear the Stomach of its load of acide saline Vomitories and sulphureous Recrements in strong Constitutions may be given the infusion of Croeus Metallorum Tartarus Emeticus Mynsichti a few grains of Mercurius vitae Salt of Vitriol and in weak Bodies Oxymel of Squills or a great quantity of Carduus-Posset or luke-warm water mixed with Oil of Olives may be administred by which the Contents of the Stomach may be thrown off and the folds of it free from gross viscide pituitous Recrements whereupon the Concoction of Chyle is very much promoted And if the Stomach is weak or not apt to be moved by Vomitories Gentle Purging Medicines must be given in weak Constitutions Purging Decoctions are very proper in this Malady gentle purging Medicines are more proper mixed with bitter which do corroborate the lost tone of the Stomach in the Scurvey as the Decoctum amarum cum purgantibus to which in a strong Body some Senna and Rubarb may be added The Tinctura Sacra may be very proper made of the Species Hierae infused in White Wine as also the Decoctum Sennae Gereonis to which may be added the tops of Centaury the less Rubarb Creme or Salt of Tartar vitriolated Tartar the Seeds of Carduus Syrupe of Peach-Flowers or Syrupe of Rubarb or compound Syrupe of Apples formerly called the Syrupe of the King of Sabor Pills of Bon called Tartanae Bontii Quercetani or those of Dr. Purging Pills Willis his Dispensation in his 7th Chapter of the Cure of the Scurvey Pa. 271. As also Stomacick Pills with Gumms to which may be added in strong Constitutions some grains of Extract Rud. or Resine of Jalap or Scammony In plethorick Bodies abounding with Blood and ill Recrements Bleeding is good in a Plethorick Body labouring of the Scurvey after purging Medicines have been once or twice administred a Vein may be often opened with a sparing hand lest in this Disease if too much Blood be exhausted a Dropsy ensue which sometimes proves fatal whereupon the Blood groweth better and more refined And once in Five or Six days Purging Medicines may be prepared by infusion in Water and Wine Purging Medicines mixed with Antiscorbuticks added at last to extract the virtue of the Ingredients with Senna Rubarb Agarick the tops of Pine Firr Water-cresses Seed of Caroways Creme of Tartar c. to which being strained may be added Syrupe of Roses solutive or compound Syrupe of Apples or Syrupe of Buckthorn Alteratives also may speak a great benefit in this stubborn Malady Alteratives made of Aperients and Antiscorbuticks made of th aperient roots of Dogs Grass wild Asparagus Scorzonera mixed with Antiscorbuticks viz. the tops of Pine and Firre Watercresses Chervil boiled in Water and Wine and being strained may be sweetened with Syrupe of the Five opening Roots or an Apozeme may be prepared with the Roots of Cuckowpintle Roots Petraselen Eryngium Winterbark the chips of Oranges or Limons Pine Firre c. boiled gently in Water put into a covered Vessel to which may be added at last some white-White-wine and it being strained may be sweetened with the Augustan Syrupe Also a Decoction of Roman Wormwood An Apozeme proper in the Scurvey and tops of Broom or an infusion of its Buds or Flowers made in Water and Wine and being strained and sweetened with Syrupe of Betony or the Five opening Roots may prove advantageous in opening the obstructions of the Viscera and defaecating the Blood Infusions of Antiscorbuticks in Water and Wine Infusions of Antiâ—corbutick Medicines made in a close Pipkin are very proper as preserving the volatil Salt of Pine Firr Chervil Ground-Pine Water-Germander Garden or Sea-Scurvey-grass Watercresses Brooklime Chips of Oranges Limons Citrons c. sweetened with simple Syrupe of Apples Brooklime Watercresses c. Infusions of Pine Firr Brooklime and of other temperate Antiscorbuticks may be prepared in Whey or Posset-drink as very good in hot constitutions to contemperate and refine the Blood Diureticks may be beneficial in this Disease as
with serous and saline Particles of Blood the Gums may be opened with a Lancet and Gargarismes administred made of Leaves of Woodbine Columbine Speedwel Water-cresses Scorby-grass the inward Rind of Elm or Elder boiled in Lime-water or fountain-Fountain-water to which some white-White-wine may be added at last and it being strained may be sweetened with Honey of Red Roses and Syrupe of Mulberies In the pains of the Limbs A Diet-drink good for the pains in the Limbs Decoctions of Sarza mixed with Antiscorbuticks may be given with good success As also a Decoction of Sarza in Water and being strained may be mixed with Milk and taken with great benefit Fomentations in this case made of Anodynes Fomentations Discutients mixed with Antiscorbuticks will appease the pain of the Limbs being outwardly applyed with Flannel CHAP. LXXVIII Of Osteology THe Body of Man being a fine Building The Body of Man of is made of fluid and solid parts is composed of more fluid and solid Materials the first being the Superstructure and the last the Foundation which giveth figure straightness and strength to this magnificent Pile of Building which is compleated by the Viscera as so many Elaboratories and Colatories of Liquors and immured within common Integuments of Membranes and Muscular parts as so many Engines affixed to variety of Bones the Centers of Motion Bones are the Centers of Motion and supporters of the Body and the Bases of the parts of the Body which else would be confused and useless were they not encompassed with and kept apart by numerous Bones as so many Preservatives and Intersepiments guarding and severing one part from another that every Member and Bowel may freely exert their Operations without the least discomposure or violation of each other So that some delicate Contextures of Parts being so many fine Vails do face this more solid Compage and others are immured within their hard Confines as secured within the safe Walls of a strong Castle The Bones are called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as keeping the Fabrick of the Body in an erect posture as Hipocrates hath most elegantly expressed it lib. De Ossium Natura 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Description of Bones toti corpori stabilitatem rectitudinem formam exhibent Whereupon Bones may admit this Description as being hard similar parts and most cold and dry and destitute of Sense giving strength and support to the whole Fabrick of Man's Body which is a system of many parts of which the Ambient are divers Coverings the most fine is the Cuticula conjoyned to the Cutis a Compage of many Fibrils united to the Adipose Membrane and this to the Common Membrane of the Muscles which are fastned to each other by the interposition of many small Ligaments and at last as to a common fulcrum all these Integuments as well as the Muscles of the middle Apartiment of the Back and the Pectora and Saw-like and Intercostal Muscles are affixed behind to the Chine and on the sides to the Ribs and before to the Sternon The outward Coverings of the Head consisting of Hair the Cuticula Cutis Membrana Carnosa and Periostium is conjoyned to the Skull without and the more inward Coverings of the Dura and Pia Menynx the fine Vails of the Brain are united to it by the mediation of Vessels and Fibrils and also to each other as well as to the Skull guarding the tender Compage of the inward parts of the highest Apartiment as with a natural Helmet The common Vests of the lowest Apartiment and the various Abdominal Muscles are supported by Bones to which they are fastned as Bases or Centers of Motion the universal Coverings are tied to the Abdominal Muscles by the interposition of Fibrils and these again either in their Originations or Insertions are conjoyned to Bones The Muscles are conjoynâ—â— to Bonâ—s as 〈◊〉 many Hypomoclia as so many Hypomoclia The oblique descendent Muscles take their rise from the four or five lower Ribs and are implanted into the Margent of the Os Ilium The oblique Ascendent Muscles take their Origen near the Bone where the other do terminate and are inserted into the inside of the lowest Rib. The transverse Muscles are fastned to the Spine Os Ilium and lowest Rib and the right Muscles above to the Sword-like Cartilage and below to the Share-bone The Rim of the Belly to which the Caul is conjoyned by many Ligaments is affixed below to the Os Ilium and Share-bone and the Liver Spleen Kidneys and Intestines are fastned to the inside of the Chine by the mediation of great Trunks of Arteries and Veins The Viscera of the middle Apartiment are also conjoyned to Bones as their great Fulcrum The Midriff is connected to the Ribs and the Heart and Lungs in their Origens to the inside of the Spine by the interposition of the Vena Cava and Arteria Magna And the common Coats of the Limbs are affixed by Ligaments to each other and to the Muscles which are implanted into various Bones as the Centers of Motion so that the bony Compage is highly significant to the Body as it hath it's various parts either immediately or ultimately affixed to Bones giving stability straightness and form to the whole Body The Bones in their first entity The origination of Bones in solutis principiis are a fluid Body and borrow their origination from the Tartar of the Genital Liquor as consisting of most earthy and some saline Particles which do coagulate the gross viscid parts of the Seminal Juice first into a membranous substance as near akin to a soft liquid body and afterward by the accession of new earthy saline Particles passing through the termination of the Arteries implanted into a membranous substance the rudiments of Bones whereby the more soft Matter is turned into a grisly body and at last by a source of new Tartar flowing out of the Extremities of the Blood-vessels the Cartilaginous substance arriveth a greater maturity and by degrees is concreted into perfect Bone Bones are framed of heterogeneous parts Bones are framed of various parts of which the outward are more solid and white being adorned with a hard smooth Surface as if it were polished by Art and its more hard Particles are made up of many thin Laminae as I most humbly conceive which are produced by many saline accretions one succeeding another according to the new accession of Matter turned into Bone The more inward recesses of Bone are more spungy and black The Cells of Bones are receptive of oily Particles commonly called Marâ—ow often attended with many little Cells of various figures and sizes receptive of fat Particles which are the product of the oyly parts of the Blood destilling out of the terminations of the Arteries concreted into a Medullary substance which is also lodged in large round Cavities of large Bones encircled with a thin Membrane And farthermore Marrow proceeds from the oily