at the cost The Recâ—iâ— of it TAke the roots of China cut into small slices â„¥ 3. infuse them 12 hours at the least in five quarts of fair water adding of Burrage and Buglosse of each half a handful of Cloves in number three with a like weight of Cynamon and Mace boyl these gently till one third part be consumed and if you please adde one spoonfull of Rosewater and some little Sugar to make it grateful in taste and also three spoonfuls of juyce of Lemons and in want of juyce of Lemons so much good Wine Vineger you may give the Patient at one time to a quarter of a pinte and he may take of this decoction four The Dose sundry times in a day safely at the least and oftnet if he like it Also remembring that the sick have some other Cordial prepared for him if need be to provoke him to sweat the second or third time and some odoriferous thing in his hand or near at hand by him often to smell unto such as are elsewhere set down or some other of the like nature And in want of China roots take the double part of Sarsaparilla and in want of that a large crust of the best bread of Wheat for the poorer sort this also is good to contemperate the blood after sweating and further it is of ancient Writers esteemed as a very good Cordial medicine to give the party the quantity of a drach or Ê’ i. s of the finest Bolus Armen in a cup of white Wine with half a spoonful of Rose-water and a little Sugar if you please and in want thereof give it in posset drink Moreover if you see occasion and can have them in your posset drinks or distilled water that you use as vehicles or liquors in which you give your medicines you may put the quantity of one or two ounces of syrup of Citrons or of Lemons or of Sorrel or Wood-sorrel or of sour Pomegranates also it is very good in every sweat-provoking Cordial drink that you adde oyl of Vitriol three or four drops to a dose but no more for offending yea in all Julips a few drops thereof are both cordial and warrantable and in want thereof in a cooling Julip may be added Sal Prunellae so that the quantity exceed not Ê’ ij per haustum unum Another Julip for the Diseased of the Plague The Receit TAke French Barley or in want thereof English Barley about one good handfull fair conduit water or spring water three quarts boyl the Barley about half an hour in the water and then cast away the water then take about three quarts of water again and of Mace and Cloves of each half a scruple or 20 grains which is a scruple and boyl the said Barley and the rest one hour or more till one third part of the liquor or thereabouts be consumed then clear of this Barley water into a glasse and to each quart of water if it may be had adde of Syrup of Wood-sorrel of Citrons of Limons of Violets or of any one of these â„¥ 3. of Rose water one spoonfull of Wine Vineger two spoonfuls of oyl of Vitriol ten drops and if you can get no syrups at hand use Sugar to make it pleasant of taste and in want of oyl of Vitriol use two more spoonfuls of Wine Vineger A caution in using oyl of Vitriol and note that whensoever you put oyl of Vitriol into any liquor and that you would give it the Patient that you shake the glasse ever when you put our any for the Oyl will fall to the bottom and the last draught will be very dangerous and too sharp to be drunk Against Thirstinesse Divers qualifications of Thirst WAter and Vineger mixed and often held in the mouth and put out again is good juyce of Lemons and water so used letting some part down is also very good also preserved cherries and stew'd Prunes are good to hold in the mouth and to be taken in Quinces or conserve of Barberries or Tamarinds from the East-Indies or it were good the Patient had by him often to suck from a liquorish stick some cordial syrup in a glasse as of Wood-sorrel of Citrons Limons of Violets or syrup of Vineger or of some such like also as is repeated Sal PrunellaeÊ’ ij and some 3 ounces of Plantain or Strawberry water doth well cool thirst and is cordial Against faintings and swounings which happen in the sicknesse Medicines against swounings LEt the sick have something to smell unto that hath Rose-Vineger with a few drops of Rose water in it also give the sick either some Treacle water or some good Bezar or Cynamon water Angelica water or Mint water distilled with wine or a little good Aqua-vitae or a little good claret wine mul'd with a few Cloves Rosemary and Sugar therein any of these are good Cordials or let him hold a Lemon stuck with Cloves as is said in his hand or have some cordial Pomander in his hand and to wet his temples and forehead with Wine Vineger and a little Rosewater mixed where it may be had A good Posset-Drink in the sicknesse if the Disease begin hot MAke an ordinary posset with Ale and Milk purifie it from the curd and boyl gently therein if you desire to have it cooling Sorrel Strawberry leaves Plantain leaves Violet leaves or some of them adding a little Wine vineger and some Sugar and a little Rosewater if you please and this will be a good drink for the Patient to continue with in the time of his sicknesse Also the juyce of Lemons or Oranges wrung into the posset drink is likewise very good and the best of all to make it tart and not over sour therewith is a little oyl of Vitriol for that no medicine is so Oyl of Vitriol precious against the pestilential Feaver as the oyl of Vitriol it being warily administred Another good Posset-Drink to give a sweating Medicine in if the parties sicknesse begin cold MAke a Posset first with Ale and Milk in an ordinary manner unto which adde Marigolds Burrage Buglosse or some of them and gently boyl them in the Drink and to a quart thereof adde of good Sack a quarter of a pint and to a draught of this drink put any cordial medicine to provoke sweat and give it warm if the disease begin cold as is said but if it begin hot leave out the Sack for as I in this book have oft repeated I hold Wine better and safer to give a cordial with Wine the best for preparing a Cordial with in the Plague then any simple water distilled although it were distilled either from Angelica Dragon Centory or Carduus Benedictus A good Cordial Medicine for the poorer sort though it were to women with Child for they may take it softly The Receit TAke Bayberries cleanse the husks and dry them untill they will be made into powder then powder them or for a need grate
Axungia Porcina IT is called Axungia of anointing the Axle-tree to make the wheeles turn easier about for which cause many use it to this day It is liquid flowing like oyl with warmeth it hath a lenifying and anodine quality and therefore it is not unprofitably used for mitigation of sharp humours asswaging of pain healing of burnings with fire and very fitly mixed with Cataplasmes appointed for those effects Axungia Cervi THis Axungia is of a hot nature doth asswage aches resolveth and mollifieth hard tumours in any part of the body And by experience is found very good administred in Glisters to heal the excoriations of the Intestinum rectum for it is anodine and very sanative The manner to use it is somewhat touched in some other my instructions elsewhere Mel simplex ENglish honey being yellow the favour and odour pleasant sharpe pure sincere clear fast or stiffe yeelding little spume in decocting is good and very profitable for those that are costive also for the stomack if one drink it with water it helpeth the bladder and reins it is good for the eyes mundifieth openeth and healeth As for burnings and scaldings it cureth them without scar and is very good to heal ulcers of the ears and saith Dioscorides drunk with water is wholesome for the belly and stomack it helpeth such as are pained in the kidnies and bladder It is also good to anoint the eyes with to clear the dimnesse of sight in them it hath an abstergent or cleansing force it openeth the mouthes of veins whereby it also draweth out fordid matter or quiâ—tur from fetide ulcers But the best honey of all other is that which is gathered in Lituania a Province of Polonia where the Bees breed onely in high trees and gather their honey from a certain flower growing on trees called in Latine Flos Tiliae or Tili in the Germane tongue Lindâ—n holt This honey is white hard and very fragant or odoriferous Of the vertues and uses of sundry Cordial waters FOrasmuch as compound cordial waters truly made of the Spirit of wine with the addition of divers especial costly and medicinal spices drugs and other precious additaments now much in use have been found very available and comfortable by many experiences not onely at Sea and in the very remotest parts of the earth either hot or cold to our nation and others in their travels but also here at home upon many occasions have ministred great help and comfort both in preserving the body in health from diseases and also in curing many great infirmities especially when they have proceeded of cold causes I thought it a thing not unnecessary briefly to set down the vertues and uses of some of the principal of them for the benefit of young Surgeons Aqua Caelestis MAthiolus in his Commentaries upon Dioscorides setteth down this excellent water as a principal Antidote or preservative against all poysons or poysoned and infectious aires whatsoever for that either received into the body or but onely smelled unto it helpeth very much against infections and that it doth very admirably restore again one fallen either of the dead palsie or falling sicknesse and is also good either in the Collick or any gripings of the guts as also in any the weaknesses of the stomack and against any cold fluxes of the guts or belly two spoonfuls thereof given in a glister and hath many more especial good uses and vertues there set down which for brevity I must passe over D r. Steevens his water THis Water needeth no man to describe his vertues being a thing so common and ancient in use composed by that learned Physitian of worthy memory so named Experience hath found it to be a notable cordial water for comforting the head and heart yea and all the principal faculties of the body both animal vital and natural if it be truly prepared and of this there needeth no question if you will but believe the seller thereof Rosa solis THis Rosa solis or rather Rossolis taketh his name of an herb so called which herb is very medicinable as namely against consumptions it hath been often approved and found a certain remedy But the Rosa Solis composition being without deceit made is far more precious for it comforteth the stomack and brain helpeth digestion strengtheneth the appetite openeth obstructions is good against the palsie and falling sicknesse and hath many other vertues Cynamon Water THis Water doth comfort and strengthen the stomack the liver the milt the lungs the heart the brain and the sinewes sharpneth the sight is good against venoms as also the stingings and bitings of venemous beasts helpeth a bad or evil savouring breath is good against loathing of the stomack and where you desire to warm to open to attenuate digest or corroborate in all such cases this precious liquour excelleth witnesse Johannes Jacobus Weekerus alledging Mathiolus yea and divers other famous Writers beside experience it self Limon Water THis is the tincture and chief essence drawn by the spirit of wine from the rindes of Limons which is a great restorative to mans nature and a precious Cordial which not onely aromatizeth the stomack but much strengthneth the feebled spirits and is as an healing balsame to all the inward parts of the body and doth open obstructions and break the wind in the stomack exceedingly Juyce of Limons is touched elsewhere in the cure of Scurvy Rosemary Water THis is a great comforter of the brain sharpneth the sight helpeth the weaknesse of the stomack preserveth from vomiting is very good against the disease Dysentery or the bloody flix the cause proceeding of cold either drunk or three spoonfuls taken in a Glister when you are ready to administer the same It hath very many other good properties too long here to recite Sassafras Water THe spirit of this precious root is a great opener of all obstructions or stoppings in the body namely of the liver the lungs the kidnies and of the spleen and therby it is found by many experiences excellent against the Scurvy the French disease and the yellow jaundise it is an approved remedy also against cold fevers and the dropsie or for those which are inclining thereto for it provoketh urine and sweat in a very mild and natural manner and driveth out many diseases by the pores of the skin It hath infinite more vertues ascribed unto it the best of these roots grow in Virginia You may read Monardus of the vertues of this root more at large in his Treatise of New Spain Aniseed-water THis water as the former and also those which follow have all their substances from the Spirit of wine and must therefore being truly so made retain the manifold good vertues thereof and besides having therein the whole vertues of the Anise-seeds it is found very excellent against wind in the stomack or else-where in the body and against Asma the Tisick and shortnesse of breath it also breaketh flegme and warmeth the stomack Worm
wood Water NO water whatsoever more gratefull to the stomack then is Wormwood water truly composed for it is as balsame thereto It consumeth and breaketh wind mightily killeth the worms whereunto our Nation are subject in the East-Indies hindereth vomiting provoketh appetite is very good against pains in the head proceeding of a cold cause and is very Cordial Balme Water THis water hath a great respect to the heart for of all other but the former no herb is esteemed more Cordial then this and is of a grateful smell and tast yet I hold it more proper to women then men for it much respecteth the infirmities of the Mother and is in the times of their pains very comfortable to take a little of it for the safer and sooner provoking of speedy delivery Angelica water ANgelica water may serve well in stead of Treakle or Mithridate for a preservative against the Plague or any infectious aire for there is no one thing more commended by ancient and moderne Writers in that kind then Angelica is whereof there is good experience it is also very stomachical and cordial and being truly made will retain his strength and vertues forty years and more Mint Water AQua Menthae doth warm and strengthen the stomack liver spleen or milt helpeth concoction stayeth vomit and is very Cordial Aqua Cardui Benedicti CArdâ—â—s Benedictus Water doth ease the pain of the head confirmeth the memory cureth a quartane provoketh sweat and comforteth the vital spirits The Conclusion AL these waters and spirits rehearsed though in themselves they be good yet if any of the best of them be abused and immoderately taken they may as soon do harm as profit I advise therefore no man to make a common use of them or any of them which hath a young able body and may have a good diet at his pleasure for they are chiefly to be used at sea where mens bodies by variety of the venemous vapours and evil dispositions of the aire or unkind diet are in hazzard or where there is a weak stomack evil digestion with a loathing disposition to meat evil appetite and too much loosnesse of the belly also where by extream heat and sweat the spirits of the body are exhausted and spent or where through the extream cold of the same the body is much annoyed and endangered In all these and infinite more evils incident to mens bodies abroad and at home these precious liquors minister present comfort They also are very behoveful to aged people after their meats to help digestion or them which have weak stomacks or that are of sad and melancholy dispositions for it must not be denied that wine comforteth the heart of man and these waters having their original and whole force from the spirit or life of the wine do thereby exhilarate mans heart and give him courage as well as cure his infirmities If therefore these waters be truly made they ought also to be strong of the spirit of wine otherwise they will not keep long good neither are they profitable nor wholsome and being good one spoonful at one time is sufficient or two spoonfuls at the most for the preserving of health they are best to be taken fasting one hour or two after dinner and last at night either alone or with beere or wine some make a toste fasting and drop the same full of cordial water and so eat it and that is very good In gripings of the guts collick or flixes of the belly proceeding of cold causes or much crudity three spoonfuls or four may be used at once in a Glifter but you must not boil it therein onely put it in when it is ready to be administred for if you do otherwise the spirit will evaporate and be of no force Aqua Rosarum Daâ—ascenarum DAmask Rose-water doth refrigerate and comfort the heart is good against swouning and causeth sleep Aqua Rosarum Rubrarum REd Rose-water doth refrigerate bind and corroborate the vitall and animal faculties benefiteth the head easeth the pained eares and eyes and doth good in inflammations and is profitable in medicines against Dysentery Aqua Odorifera SWeet water is very necessary and profitable to aromatize the body and refresh the senses it sweetneth the garments taking all offensive savours away and doth much exhilarate the spirits being well composed of true Aromatick Ingredients Aqua Plantaginis PLantane water is astringent and sanative good to them that are in a consumption of the lungs in a dropsie or that have the bloody flix good also against the quartane ague it cureth the ulcers of the reins bladder and excoriations of the passage of the yard and being drunk helpeth against ardent urine or the sharpnesse of the water Aqua Falopii FOr this water if you desire the composition thereof I refer you to the Author namely Gabrielus Falopius in his Treatise De Morbo Gallico but hereafter I mean to set down some several compositions thereof for the Author hath divers It is a water proper and is made chiefly of Mercury sublimed I say chiefly for that though the other things for quantity be ten for one yet sublimed Mercury will carry no cools but will ever shew his valour in healing or spoiling I put not this composition ready made into any Surgeons Chest but rather leave the ingredients and let the discreet Surgeon make it to please himself for if I my self should find such a composition made by any I should much fear to use of it and so I wish the Surgeons Mate to do in all Mercurial Lotions but rather let him use such other good Lotions as are set down in the cure of the Scurvy unto any of which he may add sublimate and term it if he please Aquâ— Falopii but I say let him well understand himself both in the composition and administration of any such medicines or let him crave advice or rather forbear them and use other safer medicines though their vertues or vices perhaps be fewer Aqua viridis THis Green water which is held a maxime by some Surgeons hath his tincture from Viridi or Aeris and likewise his astringent tast and vertue His chief use is concerning the cures of Opthalmiae in the eyes and also against divers rheumes or distillations of humours troubling the eyes guttatim or drop-wise adminstred for the description whereof I refer the Reader to the rest of my compositions where they shall be found together but I use in place thereof Lapis medicamentosâ—s which in his place also shall be spoken of Aqua fortis AQua fortis or strong water I have to satisfie some Surgeons put into their Chests but for my self I see no reason for it nor do I know any Chirurgical use it hath which is not much better performed by oyl of vitriâ—l whereunto I refer you rather for that it is a far sweeter and surer medicine as at large shall be spoken of in his place Verjuice VErvise or Verjuice made of the juyce of
contused wounds made by Gunshot and yet Over drying medicines dangerous you are to consider that as too much gleeting weeping or experience of humidity from wounds of gunshot is dangerous many wayes so too much use of drying medicaments in wounds made with Gunshot is no lesse dangerous by stopping the pores and repelling the peccant humours by reason of the contused blood collected being choaked in the wound aptly indangering a Gangrena and other deadly accidents incident thereunto Advise touching the general regiment of wounded men Now a word or two in want of the grave Physician how the young Surgion may in part demean himselfe being put to it for the more happy performance of the cures made with Gunshot which are very much regulated by the government of the Patient touching his dyet as also in the careful keeping his body in temper from much Dyet costivenesse and also to stay in ordinate fluxes thereby to prevent accidents as Feavers c. And further also to meet with an help to cure evill accidents when they happen to the effecting whereof good dyet and other fitting helps are to be wished might attend valiant men which fight for their countries honour and defence which failing much with brave Souldiers and valiant Sea-men at Campe and Ship there the Surgeons must take it as they can have it and make use in necessity of what the Surgeons chest affordeth viz. If the patient before his wound had not a loose body let the Surgeon give him a Suppository or Glyster and if he seem disposed to a fever though he hath bled by his wound yet if his strength be answerable open a veine on the contrary side of Supposiâ—ory or Glyster his griefe but purge him not being wounded without very just cause rather keepe him by gentle meanes to have the benefit of nature either by Glyster or Suppository if once in two dayes hee have not a stoole and further if he be distempered with heat make him a Fresh water oft wanting at Sea Barly-water viz. Water two gallons Barly 6. ounces Liquorish one ounce or juice of Liquorish two dram's boyl it gently a little then cast away the first waters if water be plentiful else not and boyl it in fresh water till one third part be spent and being boyled and clarified to the said decoction add some few drops of oyl Vitriol to make it some what sower in tast but not too much but if to this 6. graines of Confectio Alkermes with one spoonful of Rose-water were added the drinke would be much the more grateful in tast and more profitable I conceive it will be needlesse to urge a course for a sparing dyet for Souldiers or Sea-men at Sea for I feare gluttony will not be their sinne But if fulnesse of body be a hindrance the Surgeon hath meanes to evacuate as for a vomit by Stibium the infusion of 4 graines if such a medicine be thought fitting as in able bodyes may be borne or by laxatives as Confectio Hamech six drams for a dose Diaphenicon or Diacatholicon the dose to an able body is a full ounce Pills The Pills in the Invoyce in this Surgeons chest upon their several occasions one dram is a dose of any sort of them Also of Pulvis Sanctus may be giuen two drams or Pulvis Arthritiâ—ns one dram and if Cordials be required the Surgeon hath in his chest to provoke rest iu Feavers several ones as more particular there is Diascordium which he may give to the ful of two drams for a dose to a strong body either in wine or water as he please or in a Bolus or lump of it self Vse of Laudanum Also he hath Laudanum which he may give safely 3. or 4. graines to asswage pain in painful wounds to give rest in Feavers to stay fluxes and in divers other cases being used with judgment and provided that the party which taketh it be not costive Likewise in fluxes of the belly accompanied with crude nauseousnesse of the stomach as also against venemous or pestilential infection of the blood there is in the chest Phylonium Persicum of which the Patient may take from one scruple to halfe a dram and to one dram safely in a reasonable body and this is a safe medicine which causeth rest and corroborateth the stomach and mightily prevaileth to stay a flux of the belly and doth also correct venemous and maligne humors and is therefore very fit to be used in fluxes that be contagious or pestilential after some fitting evacuation if occasion be What I here write it is of mine owne practice you may take it on my word for truth for you shall find it to be so if with due caution you make use of them These three Cordials as is said asswage pain viz. Diascordium Laudanum and Phylonium or either of them also they serve well to coole or contemperate the blood Cordials to swage pain Of Cordials in general The Surgeons chest containeth also divers other Cordial medicines which may be profitably administred each upon due occasion viz. Confectio Alkermes either given alone or to aromatize any purgative or Cordial medicine from 4. graines to a scruple for a dose Aqua Caelestis and Cinamon water to refresh the spirits halfe a spooneful or a spooneful for a dose and so of Spirit of wine and also Aqua vitae made of wine which so much as containeth of the spirit of wine is quasi spiritus vitae Also the Surgeons chest hath against contagion and the Plague Mithridate Ther. Londinens Diatessar Elect. de Ovo as also Diascord Aurum vitae and Laudanum mentioned all these being proper for pestilential occasions the uses and vertues of which I desire to touch though but in a word And for example if the Surgeon desire a Cordial to be made to cause rest it is made either of Lâ—udanum to three graines or to 4 grains as it is said or Diascordium 2 drams or Phylonium to one dram mentioned And note that Laudanum is best to be taken in a Pill because Noâ—e of his ungrateful tast and Phylonium in a Bolus or lump for the like reason and so also may Diascod be used well and especially in warre where neither the advice of the learned Physitian nor the helpe of the expert Apothecary is at hand but if the Surgeon be occasioned and that he would have Diascor to be given in a potion then let him take of Diascor 1 dram of white wine or fair water 3 ounces or foure of Sirrup of Violets halfe an ounce Confect Alkermes eight graines Oleum Vitrioli gutt quatuor and let the Patient drinke that potion and incline himselfe to rest Cordials comfortive And if a Cordial to comfort the spirits be required then the aforesaid Cinamon water Aqua caelestis or Aqua vitae of wine is at hand without mixture or addition or with some addition halfe a spooneful or a spooneful for a dose
the party be not strong except it be in case of a Pleurisie or some like urgent cause I take lesse For in that work except my reason give me good satisfaction to do the contrary I will rather offeud in too little then in too much Too little rather then too much blood is to be taken away taking of blood away for I have seen much hurt to have ensued by great quantity of blood taken away at one time 7. or 8. ounces I hold a strong body may bear to lose having good nourishment to recover it again and that without harm but if you grow to ten ounces you may many wayes do harm in the body except your warrant be good I speak not this to discourage young Surgeons from a work so behovefull but admonish them to warinesse in a point so dangerous Of the Dyet Pot. The use THe Dyet Pot is not alone to be used in cases of dyet drink seething for the pox and not otherwise for as a learned Doctor upon occasion lately reasoned there is difference betwixt the Dyet and a Dyet though in both kinds there is even Quot homines tot sententiae so many men so many minds Wherefore concerning descriptions of several Dyet drinks for the pox I will refer the Surgeons Mate to other Authors for in truth I must defer that point till fitter oppertunity I mean till I write touching the cure of that disease And yet methinks to speak somewhat A docoction for the Calenture of a drink is the case of the Calenture or any other unnatural hot fever to be made at Sea to qualifie the heat of the blood were not amisse which may be done as followeth â„ž French barley â„¥ iiij Fresh water 2. gallons Licorice â„¥ i. Cloves n o. 12. In want of Licorice tak juice of Licorice half an ounce In want of french barley take other barley or for a need wheat flower boyle this gently to 4. or 5. quarts then clear it and if it may be keep it not in How to keep it The composition of this drink if the heat be over great causeth head-ach The colour and taste of the drink is to be observed the brasse pot but in some earthen or glasse vessel and if the party his heat be great and have pain in his head add thereto so many drops of oyl or spirit of Vitriol as will a little change the tast and make it sowerish but not too tart in any wise and if into all his drink you put of Rose-water of wine-vinegar or Rose vinegar and Cinamon-water of each onely one spoonful if you have it it will do well to mend the tast if not the matter is not great let the Patient drink often hereof Further you The drink composed for a Laske may if you think good add surrupe or juice of Limons Ê’ 4. If it be for one which is loose in his belly you may infuse of your succus Acatiae herein some 2. or 3. Ê’ and being cleared let him drink of the drink plentifully as he hath thirst but you must cut your Acatiae first and dissolve it in a little of the drink warmed and so put it into the rest Also in want of Acatia if you put therein Galls in powder a little it will do well Of other necessaries THe next instruments in order to be remembred are these following viz. Skillet Chafing dish Glister pot Funnel Cups to give potions in One Board knife to spread plasters Morter and peâ—tel Weights and Scales Sives Searces Strayners Splents Junks Tape Towe Spunges Clouts Rowlers Gray paper White paper Empty pots and glasses Thred and Needles Wax Candles Lanthorne Tinder box furnished Inke and quills One close-stoole One bed pan One brasse paile 20 Well burned bricks Pipkins Empty baggs I shall not need to spend much time to set down the uses of all these necessary implements only two or three of the most needful to be noted I will remember and then to the uses of the medicines within the Chest Of Weight and Scales VVEights and Scales are necessary things often times lightly regarded and yet how many mens lives hang in the ballance it is plain enough For Sea-Surgeons familiarly give Stibium by the grain The use is divers namely from 4. to 8. grains yea and to 12. grains by your leave when in truth few of them have waights and Scales which can weigh one grain A great fault in weights and scales It is a dangerous thing for a Surgeon at Sea to be unprovided of neat weights and Scales which will turn with half a grain for how can they give either Laudanum Paracelsi Stibium or other Chimical medicines safely or almost any medicine inward without small weights and Scales Wherefore two pair of weights and Scales are very needful for the Surgeons Chest namely one for ounces and another for grains for larger Scales the ship is furnished It is also to be understood here for instruction of children in Art that xvi ounces make a A direction iâ— weights pound each ounce 8. drams each dram 3. scruples each scruple 20. grains for the grain a full barley corne will well serve or a good wheat corne though a large wheat corne be somewhat too big an ordinary pepper corn will also serve for a grain Of the Close-stoole with the Paile of Brasse and the Bricks ALthough I know before hand that I am to undergo many witty and Eloquent flouts from young gallants of my own profession for mentioning so base an instrument to belong to the Surgeons charge as this last mentioned Close-stoole with his appurtenances yet let them Mean things sometimes are of great moment know that neither can my book blush neither shall my self I hope have cause for I nothing doubt to yeeld each honest young Artist a sufficient reason for to satisfie him herein and in a word my reason for appointing to each ship bound for the East-Indies at the least one of these is because the bloody or other flixes are so dangerous diseases and so deadly amongst our men that I hold it my duty to advise even the good None worthy to be reputed â—rtists who disdain the meanest office of their profession use of a Close-stoole and I have caused the stoole to have one door on the one side that thereby either things to foment fumigate or otherwise to comfort the weak part might be the better applied the Patient sitting at his ease thereon The use of the Close-stool The need of it is great Also one especial reason why I have appointed it is that a poor weak man in his extremities should not continually go to the shrouds or beak-head to ease himself nor by noysome to his fellowes but might by the help of his Mate through this mean instrument find comfort in his most pitiful distresse whose miseries I heartily compassionate Wherefore I admonish the Surgeons Mate in general in the fear of God
price should be resonable for the poorer sort the ingredients thereof being neverthelesse Cordial and yet such as are easie to get It may be used well in place of Mithridate and in truth I had rather put my self upon it as a good Cordial being fresh made then upon the Mithridate we buy from beyond the Seas for it is by the Hollanders so uncharitably sophisticated that a man may fear to take it in his need my self chanced in Holland into the house of a Bore as they term him to lodge who lived by making of Mithridate and Treakel he confessed to me his Mithridate had but nine simples in it he had also pewter boxes marked so artificially as no man could discover them to be other then right Venice ones I have appointed to the Surgeons Chest some of the Species of the London Treakel ready powdered and dry that the diligent Surgeon at his will may compose a London Treakel at Sea namely by taking hony ℥ iii. and of this powder ℥ i. and heat them together stirring them well till all be incorporated and give it as need shall require Confectio Alkermis COnfectio Alkermis preserveth from Apoplexies arising from cold and melancholy humors doth very much comfort the brain and heart and is sometimes used very profitably for them that languish away through long sicknesse and are subject to swoundings Electuarium deovo Electuarium de ovo is very much commended for prevention and cure of the plague and all pestilential diseases in expelling the infection from the heart Mithridatum Damocratis MIthridate of Damocratis is in quality and vertue like to Treakel but more hot and forcible against the poyson of Serpents mad Dogs wilde Beasts creeping things being used as a plaster or drunk it cureth all the cold affections of the head helpeth the melancholick or those that are fearful of waters them also that have the falling sicknesse Megrum pain in the bowels ears tooth-ach and weeping eyes healeth the evils of the mouth and jawes being plasterwise laid to the temples by discussion giveth ease to the troubled with the Squinancie Apoplexie cough spitting of blood Impostumes or inflammations of the lungs or any griefs within the body and is good against the bloody flix flux of the stomack obstruction of the guts and against wringing and tortions in them being taken with aqua vitae and the decoction of baulastians it remedieth convulsions and palsie helpeth the middriffe flatus Hypocondria the pains of the reins and bladder breaketh the stone provoketh urine and monthly flowers expelleth other vices of the matrix yeeldeth a singular benefit for the Gout profiteth not a little in quotidians and quartanes or a quantity drunk in wine being first warmed and then taken an hour before the fit Theriaca Andromachi ANdromachus Treakel doth the effects of Mithridatum Damocratis and is also good against the hoarsnesse of the voyce against the Jaundise Dropsie for wounds of the intestines to bring forth the young birth dead to expell and take away the Leprosie and measles to revive every decayed sense to confirm wounds healed to kill all kinds of worms to dissipate wind to comfort the heart and stomack and to keep the body uncorrupt and sound Theriaca Diatesseron Mesuis THis Diatesseron is an ancient composition devised by the ancient Grecians and had beginning from Avicen and Mesues or one of them and according to the Greek word so named for that it is made of four simples viz. Gentian roots Bay-berries Myrrha and Aristolachia rotanda four precious and very Cordial simples full of medicinable vertues And for that I would have it kept in time of need I have thought meet to have ready powdred the said 4. simples together to be composed into a Treakel as occasion shall move thee Onely note this that to one ounce of the said species ℥ 3. of hony is to be added and well mixed on the fire and so it is ready for use By some Writers this composition is called Theriaca ad pauperem the poor mans Treakel The vertues of Diatesseron are said to be as follow It is good against poyson drunken and against the bitings of venemous beasts or worms It is also good against all the cold affects of the brain as convulsions resolutions of the sinews morbum Comitialem the Spasme or Cramp the inflation of the ventricle or stomack against defect of concoction therein and against venemous wounds both inwardly drunk and outwardly applied Also it openeth the obstructions of the liver and spleen thereby preserveth the body from the disease called Cachexia or stomacace which is the Scurvy Teste Pharmacopoeia Augustana aliis Dentes Elephantini DEns Elephantinus or Elephants tooth hath an astringent force healeth fellons and is good for white fluxes of women the Icteritia Flava or the yellow Jaundise Morbus Regius worms and continual obstructions Laudanum Paracelsi Opiatum IN the Treatise of the fluxes of the belly it is handled at large to which I refer the friendly Reader Diascordium DIascordium is helpful in fevers as well contagious as penstilential good for the head-ach and universal plague whose dose is from half a dram to one dram and a half according to the occasion or strength of the Patient Diacodion DIacodion removeth subtle Catarrhes which distill from the head to the breast helpeth the cough and procureth rest the dose is from ℈ i. to ʒ i. Pbilonium Romanum PHilonium Rom. magnum is given for the Pleurisie Collick and any internal pain or grief it causeth sleep stayeth Haimorraea or the flux of blood in the inward parts and sneesing allayeth the griefs of the belly spleen liver and reins caused by cold wind and crude humours and taketh away the hicket the quantity of ℈ i. is the usual dose and it is augmented or decreased as the years and strength of the Patient is Philonium Persicum PHilonium Persicum is invented against the abundance of blood of womens monthly terms of the hemorrhoides and for the overmuch flux of their courses the flux of the belly against vomiting and spitting of blood it doth also consolidate ulcers and veins Philonium Tarsense PHilonium Tarsense is of the same facultie as Pbilonium Romanum Aurea Alexandrina AUrea Alexandrina is effectual against the cold defluxions of the head good for weeping eyes the tooth-ach and head-ach consumption collick cough and spitting of blood it easeth the pain in the reins and profiteth intermitting fevers But the cause why I have not appointed this good composion nor any of the three last mentioned Philoniums to the Surgeons Chest though I know them to be good medicines is because they will not keep an East-India voyage and Laudanum opiale Paracelsi is sufficient for ought the other can do Wherefore I rest satisfied therewith Succus Absintbii SUccus Absinthii juice of wormwood is good for digestion killeth the worms benefiteth the stomack and differeth much from the vertues of the herb this being astringent the other abstersive
whole cure of the Scurvy to the herb Spoon-wort One Olivar as a Sweden writer in his fifteenth book and fifty one Chapter intreating of this grief attributeth the whole cure thereof to be in Absinthiâ— or worm-wood namely to drink much of the infusion thereof and also of the salt of the fame and one chief part of the cure of the Scurvy saith he consists in good diet but the sea-men are injoyned to that onely the Ship affordeth which the better and sounder their provisions of victuals are the more their men stand to health and the contrary not onely bringeth many diseases but maketh the diseases which happen very hard to be cured therefore I may spare labour in writing what broths or herbs serve best where no fresh food can be The Chirurgions duty in this disease at Sea gotten the Surgeon and his Mate must therefore seeing he is at sea deprived of one principal help in that cure namely fresh meat and good drink be diligent to call for such for comfortable things as are by the great care and bounty of the Marchants provided for sick men or those which incline thereunto whereof in each Ship is a good I mean in the Kings service or of the East India Company proportion both of wine sugar spices and other comfortable things and to see they have it in due time and measure and likewise to complain to the Governours if they be withheld from the same or if any man abuse himself by mis-dyet yea and the Chirurgion ought morning and evening to seek for weak and poor men in their Cabins or so soon as they are missing at their messes to inquire for them and to see their Cabins be sweet and their provisions according or to move and intreat the Master or Governour of the Ship for redresse in such cases for fear of a general infection And whereas the first part of this Cure is in the opening of obstructions it is therefore fit in the beginning of the grief to give a lenitive glyster then the next day if the party be strong open a vein but beware as is said of taking too much blood away at once especially where the Liver is weak or stopped and where men want good nutriment for many evils ensue thereby The next day following his bleeding if he can bear it and if that his disease be with a swelling or fulnesse give him a doss of the pills of Euphorbium or otherwise of pibula ruffi or of Cambogia and make him some comfortable spoon meat such as you can make at sea namely an Oatmeal caudle would not be amiss of a little beer or wine with the yolk of an egge and a little Sugar made warm and given him to drink or any comfortable broth made with Currants and other fruit or Spices moderately taken or with Sugar or as the Ship can afford a Barley water for his ordinary drink were not amiss with some few drops of Cinnamon water therein and also some juice or Syrupe of Lemons therein or a few drops of oyl of Vitriol and some Sugar and give him in his drink by way of infusion dryed Wormwood good store for it is very wholesome Further the Chirurgion or his Mate must not fail to perswade the Governor or Purser in all places where they touch in the Indies and may have it to provide themselves of juice of Oranges limes or lemons and at Banthame of Tamarinds Also sometime though a man be well a comfortable caudle made with some Wine Spices Sugar and the yolk of an egge were very good for these are helps in that case as well to prevent the disease as also to help it when it comes The excellency of the juyce of Lemons Limes Oranges and Tamarinds And further experience teacheth which I have oft found true that where a disease most raigneth even there God hath appointed the best remedies for the same grief if it be his will they should be discovered and used and note for substance the Lemmons Limes Tamarinds Oranges and other choice of good helps in the Indies which you shall finde there do farre exceed any that can be carried thither from England and yet there is a good quantitie of juice of Lemmons sent in each ship out of England by the great care of the Merchants and The Merchants care for Sea-men intended onely for the relief of every poore man in his need which is an admirable comfort to poore men in that disease also I finde we have manygood things that heal the Scurvie well at land but the Sea Land medicines for the Scurvy â—â—ad sea medicines Chirurgion shall doe little good at Sea with them neither will they indure The use of the juice of Lemmons is a precious medicine and well tried being sound and good let it have the chief place for it will deserve it the use whereof is It is to be taken each morning two or three spoonfuls and fast after it two hours and if you add one spoonfull of Aqua vitae thereto to a cold stomack it is the better Also if you take a little thereof at night it is good to mixe therewith some sugar or to take of the syrup thereof is not amisse Further note it is good to be put into each purge you give in that disease Some Chirurgeons also give of this juice daily to the men in health as a preservative The iuice of Lemmons a good preservative which course is good if they have store or otherwise it were best to keep it for need I dare not write how good a sauce it is at meat lest the chief in the ships waste it in their great Cabins to save vineger In want whereof use of the juice of Limes Oranges or Citrons or the pulp of Tamarinds and in want of all these use oyl of Vitriol as many drops as may make a cup of beere water or rather wine if it may be had only a very little as it were sower to which you may also adde sugar if you please or some syrups according to your store and the necessitie of that disease for of my experience I can affirm that good oyl of Vitriol is an especial good medicine in the cure of the Scurvie as also in many other griefs the which in another place is noted Further a decoction of Bisket and therein Almonds ground adding Cinamon and Rose-water a little and some sugar were very comfortable now and then to be taken to refresh the stomack And as touching the Tamarinds brought from the Indies they are to be eaten of themselves as the substance of them is namely to eat them as you would prunes and being made into conserves eat them as other conserves on the point of a knife sucking out the substance and putting forth the stalkes or stones thereof some dissolve them in wine or water and work out the substance of them therein and cast away the rest taking onely that which is pure one may
well to incorporate which done and that they are mixed all in one and added to the former the Laudanum is readie onely if you could forbear your Medicine so long that it might afterwards stand in a small Alimbeck of glasse with a blinde head one moneth it would be much the better To compose this Opiate aright is bâ—rd to a Bungler This Medicine though it would put many that professe much knowledge in the Art of the Apothecarie to their trumps truely to prepare it yet to an artist which is a true preparer of Medicines it is plain and pleasant to be done and once done it is for his whole life a sure medicine and will do the work-master credit that useth it I have the rather explained this medicine for that so many grosse and dangerous compositions are daily hatched up and uttered abroad for currant under the name of Laudanum Paracelsi opiati to the extream hazard of the lives of very many and to the great prejudice of the Common-wealth from the danger whereof God deliver each honest Christian And for that the younger sort of Artists should not easily be deceived with false compositions though I confess it is Marks to discern the false from the true Laudanum not possible to espie some cunning deceits which may passe in farre plainer compositions then this is yet take these few notes following when you would buy it for remembrances First note that the medicine is fals if it be uneven I mean if it have any course or grosse thing in it so that it will not all clearly dissolve as a juice of Liquorice well made will Notes of the true Laudanum For this is an infallible rule extracts are the pure parts of things and will wholly dissolve or be dissolved Further note that if either honie or sugar be found in the medicine it is false Also if it be more liquid then the ordinarie bals of Liquorice made up in London it is false or foolishly made and will not keep Also if it retain the lothsome smell of Opium it is not to be trusted Also if it be not merely of one colour so that you see nothing of the ingredients appear at all it cannot be good For assure thy self this composition truely made must be smooth and well smelling of such an indifferent hardnesse that without additions you may roule it into pils and is not greatly ponderous or heavie but it is of an unpleasant taste I must tell thee and therefore I use to give it as I have said in a pill except necessitie by weaknesse of the Patient when he cannot swallow a pill urge the contrary or that I use it in outward griefs as to othache c. Iliaca Passio ILion or Iliaca Passio is a most painful disease proceeding from an A fearful viâ—â—â—ation obstruction of the small guts which suffering nothing to passe downwards causeth a great wringing and pain so that many which are oppressed with this disâ—ase do perish and die a very miserable death ending their dayes with their feces or their own excrements issuing out at their mouthes and it is many times noted for a disease infectious Iliaca and Colica differ in place This woful kind of belly-ache or Iliaca Passio differeth from the Collick in the situation in that it hath his place and being in the smal guts and the chollicke onely in the great guts so that a vomit sometimes giveth ease herein but glisters seldome or never give any help for that seldome any thing will be brought forth downwards though the glisters be never so strong but herein the help that is to be hoped for by glisters is farre better effected by the glister Siringe then by the glister bag for one may deliver it with that Instrument with as great force as you please Causes THe causes of this disease are almost one with the Chollick both which are obstructions in the small or great guts and proceed chiefly of three causes as saith Dominicâ—â— Lâ—â— namely 1 The drinesse of the ordure or excrements 2 Abscessus or a bâ—le or a botch in the guts 3 Thick and drie humours Also this disease sometimes commeth by distemperature of the aire being very cold also by a blow or bruise upon the gut â—lion the inward causes may be very many namely by drinking of poyson or cold water meats of hard digestion binding of the belly and such like Signes or tokens THe signes or tokens whereby this disease is known are as Galen affirmeth 7. Aphoris 19. is an intolerable pain and wringing in the upper part of the guts and no excrements descending downward Sometimes it moveth heavie and sore vomits so that the very feces are vomited upward of which disease or grief scarce any in that kind doe escape as Galen witnesseth lib. 6. cap. 2. I have seen the like in a A fearfull vomiting Rupture by reason of a part of the gut Ilion that was fallen through the Peritoneum into Scrotum that could not be reduced the sick vomited his excrements and died the second day Also much watching sometimes causeth great pain in the small guts or Ilion unrest strong Note Convulsions cold in the extream parts and if any feces be gotten forth of the fundament by any means they being put into water will swimme aloft Item if this grief come of poyson drunke then the Patient will suffer Tremor Cordis soundings debilitie of the faculties of the body and vomit doe commonly goe before the pangs and all these aforesaid signes are usually more vehement and stronger then in the Collick Prognostica VVHen the Iliack cometh with distilling or dropping of urine the partie dieth within seven daies Galen aphoris 44. except an Ague happen so that in the mean time sufficient quantitie of urine do come Item vomit the Hicket foolishnesse or idle convulsions are evilâ— signes Avicen upon the 7. aphor 10. A deadly sign The vomiting upward of the excrements deadly yet young folks escape in this disease sooner then old folks A good sign The Ilion where the pain doth change from place to place is of least danger because it dependeth or proceedeth of winde which is easily rosolved Another The breaking of winde upwards or downwards and stinking much is evil and deadly as also the excrements much stinking is the like Cure Promise nâ— cure IN the cure of this disease no Physician or Chirurgion respecting his credit will take upon him absolutely the cure thereof especially if the Scurvie be confirmed in the patient but with protestation of death if the Patient doe vomit the feces or excrements upward but if the Promise no cure Scurvie be not yet confirmed in the Patient then the cure of this disease differeth little from the cure of the Collick and may be indifferently used and is all one but that onely the stronger medicines and greater diligence is to be used in the Iliack then in the Collick which if
it were on shore or land much more good might be expected Observations where aire diet place and many other helps observations and considerations according to the qualitie of the disease with advice also of the learned Physicians observed all which the Sea affordeth not Certain brief and speedie notes for the Chirurgions Mate at his need when neither Doctor Chirurgion nor Apothecarie is to be had Iliaca of poyson FIrst if the disease come of poyson exhausted a vomit with warm water and then warm oyle or some fat broth is to be administred and after a day or two some good treakle to be used If the cause come of crude meats remaining in the stomack or that the disease come of crude and raw meats a vomit is to be used But if there be no crude meats yet remaining in the stomack then all means must be used to disperse the winde and to draw the excrements Of potions and glisters downward either by potions glisters or such like and first with glisters to supple the guts and to evacuate the obstructions of the lower parts make therefore a glister of common oyle or Linseed oyle and give him or a decoction of March-mallow roots Comfrey roots Linseeds and Fenigreek adding Bay-berries and oyle of Dill and Pulvis Arthreticus or species Hierae Pigrae â„¥ j give this glister with the great Siringe and put it up with good force remembring to adde salt one smal spoonful thereto Also you may use Suppositories and all other helps which are proper in the cure of the Collick or a mixture of honey and salt Peter or Niter to anoint the fundament therewith and use foments with spunges c. as in the Fomentations Collick Also Phlebotomy may be used especially in young men and that in Sommer or warm Countries and namely where the disease cometh of an Apostume or botch Purging potions are also good as Pulvis ArthreticusÊ’j in wine or beere or Aquilla Laxativa 12. grains in a pill or in beere dissolved Moreover Resolution of the matter is to be made with foments with cloth or woollen stupes wet in oyle wherein Dill Camomill Rew Hollyhocks c. have been boyled and applied very warm Also Cataplasmes made of Barley-meale Cummin Rew Linseed Fenigreek Dill-seeds Anniseeds Fennel-seeds Bayberries and the like are very convenient Cataplasmes Also the Patient is to sit in a Bath made of oyle and water wherein are boyled Camomil Mellilot Dill Althea or Hollyhock Rew Bayberries and the like all these are good helps A strange medicine Nota Sâ—ercus Lâ—pinum is a remedie in the Iliaca passio even as album Gracum is in the angina Also old Treacle and Mithridate are good helps for those which cannot hold their meat and you must give them to drink the powder of Thus or Frankensence and Cumminseeds in warm oxymel To conclude these brief notes I wish the young artist in this miserable disease to try by strong glysters and purges and every other good meanes which is warrantable and not strictly to rest upon these short instructions in cases difficult and dangerous Collica passio The pain described COllica passio is called in English the Collick and it is called a passion because the pain therefore is so great and vehement that many times the patient desireth rather to die then to live in that vehement pain This disease hath his name of a gut called Colon and happeneth very often when the excrements are retained beyond their naturall times and customes How it happeneth This infirmitie is engendred of ventorsitie or wind in the gut Colon and cannot get out sometimes it proceedeth of colerick humours and untemperate heat which drieth up excrements and hindereth the due evacuation also it cometh sometimes of cold and drie distemperatures with increase of fatnesse making strict the passages of evacuation of the excrements and weakneth the expulsive faculties Also this pain proceedeth sometimes from the humours of the stomack gathering wind from the liver and milt sometimes from the reins of such as have the stone Also from an Apostume in the wombe and sometimes it proceedeth from all the parts of the whole body of man as in fevers where the humors are expelled from the veins to the guts and proceedeth of hot and drie or cold and drie distemperatures but never of moist as saith Dom. Leo. Signes Vomiting a sign THe signes or tokens of this passion are both generall and speciall Generall signes are vomiting lothing of meats great pain retention of the excrements unrest grief or pain in the fore-part of Costivenesse a sign the belly constipation so great that it will go neither upward nor downward The speciall or proper accidents that do alwayes accompany the Collick are continuall thirst vomiting of choler watchings by loose Continual thirst or cholerick excrements a straining or wringing pain though not long enduring and young persons in the Sommer are most subject to a loose collick but the tokens or signes of the state of a cold body in old age are slothfulnesse and lazinesse much desire after grosse and cold meats rawnesse Nausea or quesinesse of the stomack ready to cast but cannot Pituositie or slimie vomits little thirst the pain more remisse but longer continuing Rumbling of the belly desiring Beware of cold drink to drink cold water or small drink Longing after all manner of fruits and white meats The pain changing from place to place and the feces to swimme being put in water and very many such like signes too tedious to trouble the Chirurgions mate withal at Authority this time Avicenna saith that amongst outward signs of this disease if the patient sick of the Collick have certaine small whelks or pushes arising upon his belly about the bignesse of a bean ulcerating and continuing above two dayes it is a signe the patient will die of the disease Also when the Chollick doth not give place to Glysters Foments Motions Cataplasmes and such like good remedies you 2. Authority may then with Galen 12. Methodi Medendi judg that biting humours doe possesse the tunicles of the guts but if the disease yeeld or give way thereto then the matter of the disease is contained in the cavity or hollownesse of the guts The Collick still continuing with vomiting cold sweats often sobbing or the hicket and not giving way to remedies administred is deadly A pestilentiall Collick or contagious Collick doth almost alway kill A Collick with feces voyding slimy substances though an Apostume be in the greatest guts yet it is curable The Collick proceeding of winde is easily cured An easie or good breathing or taking breath is a good signe in the patient that he may be cured but difficult breathing sheweth the contrary The Cure Method of the cure THe manner of curing the Collick is effected by renewing and taking away the cause and then the paine vanisheth But to remove the cause many things are to be
other like infirmities is a very good and ready medicine the description whereof is set downe in the cure of fractures The Caustick stone is made of salt Also the causticke stone called commonly Lapis Infernalis is no other thing then meerely a vegetable salt the virtues and making whereof is not proper in this place to be spoken of but shall in another place be mentioned Thus much at this time concerning common salt Of Vitriol or Copperas in General And first what is Vitriol VItriol called in Latine Calcanthum in English Copperas or Vitriol but more commonly called Copperas is a mineral salt which for the worth and Vertues thereof doth farre excel many other kinds of salts so that not without great reason that worthy Theophrastus Pvracelsus who had truly anatomized that salt affirmed and often repeated that the fourth part of Physick was contained in this Mineral salt from whence the same author also not unfitly doth compare A comparison between Copperas and wood it to wood of which divers formes may be formed and divers instruments also may be made for divers operations and effects for out of this salt many substances may be extracted and prepared and many good medicines may be compounded quite contrary in operation and utterly disagreeing in effects from each other as for example out The divers vertues of Copperas both inward and outward of this Mineral salt medicines of great efficacy may be made as well in purging as also sudoriferous or diaphoreticks Cordials Anodines Narcotick Stupefactive Stipticke Corrosive Abstersive Repercussive Mundificative and Sanative medicines as also against the Epilepsie or falling sicknesse and suffocations of the Matrix good medicines are to be prepared thereof and how these or some of them may be made by Art and of their vertues as time shall serve by Gods helpe I have determined briefly to declare heareafter But I confesse I am not able to discover the fourth part of the great vertues of this worthy salt for I daily meet with some new medicine therein worth the noting Of the different kinds Of Vitriol VItriol or Copperas we may have in England of six or at the least of five kinds namely Vitriolum veneris or Copperas made of Copper which in diseases of the head farre exceedeth others as writers affirme and this kind may easily be prepared and cheape as hereafter shall be set downe The next thereto in vertue is that kind of Copperas which grows in Hungaria which to my knowledg we cannot well have in England though some will affirme they have of it The third sort of Copperas that is praised is the Roman Vitriol or Copperas in a place whereof we doe buy a kind of blew Copperas in London which is not the true Roman Vitriol The fourth kind is brought from Gosler a Towne in Germany neere to the City of Brunswich The fifth kind is commonly brought from Dansk and is somewhat yellowish The sixth and last or worst is our owne common English Copperas These are all the sorts ordinarily to be bought Copperas of divers Colours Though indeed many waies and of many colours copperas may be made yea and of many substances as well from mineral stones as earthes which if time would serve and that it were to the purpose should be further shewed but to be short the Copperas I would chuse for my use is that which cometh from Gosler in Germany it is to be had in London and is not dear and sufficiently good to draw a spirit or oyle from or to make any medicine for inward uses but for outward ordinary uses the common sort of Copperas will serve well and so it will do reasonable well for oyl but not yeeld so much What Copperas for outward uses best Note that the best Copperas as is said is made of Copper or of the Mineral of copper Note further that all copper and brasse will wholly be converted into Copperas yea and turne againe into his owne first substance namely into copper or brasse againe though with losse Also iron and silver will make good Copperas so will divers sorts of stones and earths be converted into good Copperas and springs neere copper mines they doe make Copperas of much after the manner that salt-peeter is made The way to make Vitriolum Veneris or Copperas of Copper is as follweth â„ž THin plates or rather filings of Copper what quantity you please and Brimstone of each a like quantity powder the Brimstone and mix it with the Copper put these into an earthen pan unglazed and place them in a char-coale fire in a Chimny and let them gently heat together till the Brimstone take fire Then with an iron stirre it a little to and fro till all the Brimstone be consumed then take it from the fire and being cold cast it into a gallon or lesse quantity of fair water and it will make the water green and in taft like Copperas poure off that green water filter and keep it and set the same Copper to be made dry againe on the fire which done mixe it with more Brimstone and burne it and quench it as before continuing such worke till all the Copper be consumed and turned into a pleasant blew or green water then mix and boyl the waters till half or more be consumed and set them to cool and being cold if it be A note of the true height of dection sufficiently boyled you shall find Copperas therein if not boyle it more and the Copperas will appear then take away the said Copperas which you find and lay it to dry and boyl the remainder of the water againe and there will be more Copperas take still the Copperas each time out laying it to dry and doing so till all be made into Copperas This is the best kind of Copperas it is in colour of a pleasant blew and is easily to be made and will yeeld a good quantity namely one pound of Copper if it be artificially prepared will make three pounds of Copperas Of Phlegma Vitriol or of the first water drawn from Copperas The rules in this worke PHlegma Vitrioli is made as followeth â„ž Copperas put it into an Alimbecke and place it according to Art in the highest degree of B. M. namely in a boyling water drawing therby from it all the humidity which by B. M. will be exhausted provided you fill your Alimbeck but two third parts full of Copperas when ye put it to distill The vertues of Plegma Vitrioli This liquor as Angelus Salus a late Italian writer affirmeth is good against paines of the head proceeding from heat namely the dose being two drachmes taken fasting for certaine dayes together It swageth also the burning and boyling of the bloud It strengtheneth all the bowels It confirmeth the braine weakened with superfluous heat by the daily use thereof in the Spring time the stomack being purged a little before Also it maketh a moist braine temperate This first
all the Sanative Medicines in the Chest according to their several intentions and times sute fitly to finish the cures But say some others the proportions is very much wanting of restrictive or astringent Medicines to stay Fluxes or to amputate upon occasion wherefore to satisfie the young benevolent Surgeon desirous to be informed I answer first that there is Pulvis restringens Mâ—gis a Astringent â—estringent or restrictive Medicine sufficient proportion also Bole Wine Venegar Mirrh Allum Crude Vitriol Vitriol combust Mercury Precipitate sublimate Bean and Barley Meal Gaules Pomgranate Rinds and whites of Egges Besides good Ligature and boulsters ready all which with Iudgement and discretion used I dare say are sufficient and for one instance namely that three pound of the strong restrictive powder is sufficient in quantity for a reasonable Sea-Chest Vpon the 24 of Iuly 1628 I tooke off two members being both legs whereof one above the knee with one ounce and a half of the powder to both and had a fourth part to spare of the made medicine There is also an astringent defensative powder prepared and made ready for use as hereafter followeth And if all what is said with also the help of Phlebotomy ligature actual and potential cauteries will not suffice then I am I confesse mistaken Common practice Note in burnings with Gun-powder that if the face or hand be burned I have found it best from the first to the last namely to the end of the cure to use Vng. Album either mixed with Populeon or with A note in the cure of burnings in the face Linseed Oyle or Vng. Diapomphol is fully as good made into a very thin linament and warme laid on the face with a feather and no clouts at all nor ought else to cover the face this healeth excoriation s or scorchings best or that the Surgeon take Ceruse grown'd in a mortar with linseed oyle and apply it as the former I have approved it to be very good Tripharmac is also very good so used I speak but now of honey for burnings and who shall prove it shall find it safe to take out the fire and after to heale the grief but is somwhat more paineful then some other medicines are it is onely once a day to be applied upon brown paper the paper being first rubbed soft and the Medicine spread thereon and in that manner applyed it healeth without any scarre very quickly Also Mel Saponis and all other medicines appropriate may be applyed upon paper at Sea partly for sparing Linnen Of the knowledg of weights and measures Moreover I find a great weaknesse in younger Surgeons that I have just occasion to question in that their Masters that bred them have not taught them thetrue knowledge of our usual weights and measures but chiefly they fail in their weights which doth bring great danger to their poor patients whose lives hang dangerously in the balance by a grain too much given where the Surgeon knoweth not how many graines are in a scruple or in a dram no nor scarce that there is a weight so called wherefore young Surgeons note as followeth The Physitians Surgeons and Apothecaries have two sorts of weights in use namely Troy-weights which likewise are the Gold-smiths weights and that containeth twelve ounces to the pound and Haber-de pois weights which containeth 16 ounces to the pound and is that common weight which the Grocers and all other trades-men use and indeed which we most use for though my selfe sometimes buy Musks Civet or Amber-greece and other forts of Drugs by Troy-weight yet I dispence and administer all by Haber-de pois which is 16 ounces to the pound so much I will onely for brevity sake speak thereof A pound of Haber-de pois weight hath 16 ounces an ounce hath 8 Drams a Dram hath three scruples a scruple hath twenty graines and by that accompt a dram hath two graines and a full grain of Barley is a reasonable Grain and a pepper Corn or wheat Corn may be used And our measures agreeing with our weights most usual are as followeth a wine Gallon of water containeth 8 pound a pottle 4 pound a quart 2 pound a pint 1 pound and of ordinary sallet oyles 7 pound and a half is accounted a Gallon Of Cataplasmes OF all other necessaries in the Surgeons Chest I confesse my deficiencie there in for I ought to have had dryed hearbes of all sorts fitting some store but I pray you accept of my excuse For at the Edition of this Ex tempâ—re I had Surgeons Chests and parts of Chests 60 at once to prepare and had but ten dayes respit admitted me to make and to fit them all and yet notwithstanding the said Chests contained herbs of divers sorts as also Bean and Barly-meal Linseed Fenugreeke Camomile flowers Cuminseed Fennel seed and divers other things that are helps that way But what shall I say To some foolish contentious vain-glorious persons my best things fall too short for them but to benevolent understanding Artists they can make and find many wayes and helps of fitting things in a Ship and not alwayes charge the Surgeons Chest Viz. If my selfe were at Sea and put to it I would find wast crums of Bisket and I would boyle them in Ship-Beer and with some fat of the Beefe Kettles or of the Porke Kettle I would make up a suppurative Cataplasme and if it had not a fit consistence or body I would deale with the steward for a little Meale or take some of my owne stores and according to my store enrich that with other helps from the Chest And if I need a discutient Cataplasme and the Chest had not to help me to my will being put to it I would as I said make my ground of the Medicine to be of crums of Bisket or of soft bread decocted in Beer adding when it had well sod Vineger and honey a fit quantity these things with other rationall additions according to several occasions doe much comfort the weak patient and also grace the Artist Nam frustra fit per plura quod fieri potest per pauciora And to put young Surgeons in mind what other Suppurative Medicines are in the Surgeons Chest there are either Unguents Oyles or Emplastick Medicaments divers which my time will not admit me to informe you of though I confesse I should advise young men in their necessities But to be short they shall find Vnguent Basilicon spread thick and applyed to an Apostume doth well help to suppurate and the better if the griefe were first embrocated with some Oleum Liliâ—rum Lini or the like and you shall find that Arceus Linament is right good to suppurate a tumor and likewise Empl. Meliloti and who knoweth not that Ship-pitch and a little fat mixed ripeneth a tumor duly applyed or Pix Graeca with fat or turpentine and divers other the like good things may be found where the discreet Surgeon is put to his shifts But no
preservative Medicines inwardly to be taken THe several Medicines in this Treatise to be taken into the body for preservatives are also Cordials being indeed such Cordials as have vertue to open the pores of the body and by sweating to give breathing to nature and thereby to defend mans body from Contagion being such also as heretofore have been prescribed to be taken by men of the best judgments in Physick for the defending curing and driving out the disease from the principal parts Sweating Medicâ—â—es the best by sweat for without all doubt no Medicine can be generally so safe for the first intention and entrance upon this cure of the plague as is a true Diaphoretick or sweat-provoking Cordial Medicine whether it be taken by way of a Preservative or as a curative Medicine as ancient Writers testifie Galen's Opinion of Diaphoretick Medicines And namely Galen the Prince of Physicians attributeth unto Antidotes the whole Cure of the disease of the Plague and by Antidotes he meaneth Medicines Cordial and Preservatives such as by opening the pores provoke sweat But as there is no general rule but may admit an exception even so this excellent course may not be alwayes safe and warrantable at the first in respect of the wonderful varieties this fearful disease produceth as well in the beginning as in the progresse thereof Sweating sometime to be â—â—itted For it may upon occasion as of fulnesse or of obstructions of the body so come to passe that evacuation general or particular must as in due course precede either by Blood-letting Vomit Purging Glister or Suppository or some one or more of these I say where just cause is they may as of necessity precede for which cause it will ever be safe to use expert advice if such may be had onely remember by the way what is said of purging Medicines and their danger if first taken in the Cure of the Plague Here following I mean to set down several sorts of the chief of the compound Cordial Medicines mentioned in this Treatise following or otherwise in frequent use which are inwardly to be taken into the body to prevent the coming of the disease or being received by sweating best for the expelling of the Venome so received into the body with the dose orquantity reasonable of each of them to be taken by way of preservative to pre vent the disease before it cometh as also what quantity may be fitly taken for the safe provoking of sweat when any one feeleth himself evil disposed and vehemently suspecteth himself to be fallen or entring into the disease by any of the symptomes or signes before expressed or otherwise The chief Cordials in general use are these that follow Cordials against the Plague THeriac Andromach or the true Venice Treacle and not inferiour to it is Mithridate Democrat both of which are now truly made in London Also London Treacle is a very good Antidote or preservative well approved and Electuar dâ— Ovo or the Electuary of the Egge is also a very sure good Cordial also Theriaâ— Diatessar by the ancient Writers called the poor mans Treacle by my self much experienced and approved to be good all these and every of them in their natures either mixed or given each perse or by it self are very good being Diaphoreticks or Medicines provoking sweat more or lesse and thereby opening obstructions and by evaporation expurging venom and refreshing nature and so by consequent curing the Plague Purgatives usefull Hereunto may also be well added some appropriate purgatives to be taken both as preservatives and as curatives where just occasion is namely Pilul Pestilentiales Râ—ffi Pil. Praeservan t Joh. Bahini one dram of any one of them for a purge is a just quantity for an able body and he or she may safely take it any time either at night or morning when there is just reason and for the dose or quantity by way of preservative to be taken at one time is one pill about the bignesse of a Pease or in weight about 12. or 14. grains or at the most 20. gr which is termed a scruple once in a day or once in two or three dayes either at evening or in the morning but I conceive it is best to bed-ward and he or she who taketh it ought to observe that if it make him or her have but one loose stool it is sufficient Much laxâ—ty unsafe For it is not safe for any person to keep his body loose alwayes in times of general infection or contagion for that that is recited elsewhere for where emptinesse is evil vapours have place of entrance Also as touching the first of the forenamed Cordials one dramme for a Dose and namely of Andremach Treacle or Venice Treacle and a like Dose of any the other three specâ—fied Preservatives to be taken by way of a Curative course but by way of a Preservative at any one time for a strong body 20 grains may suffice and may be taken without offence which is one scruple or a lesse quantity to a weaker body and to a strong body infected to provoke him to sweat Ê’ j. and se or Ê’ ij by a strong man of any of them either in Cordiall waters or Wine as is said may be safely received into the body Except of the Electuary of the Egge the Dose whereof is one Drach at the utmost And whereas divers Writers prescribe such Antidotes to be taken in distilled waters as of Carduus Angelica Dragon-water or the like which in time of contagion are not onely scarce but fraudulent and seldom or by few truly made But yet I' must say being truly How to administer preservatives made they do excell many other Liquors Yet for reasons aforesaid in their wants I hold it safe to administer Mithridate London Treacle or Diatessaroâ— or any such Medicine in good French Wine and sometimes in Spanish Wine if the disease begin cold or in posset-drink made with wine or without wine as reason shall guide And note that it would ever be fittest to give these Medicines or any of them in the most cordial Liquors that may be had but if the sick will as willingly take them in a Bolus I mean in a lump namely as it is of it self he may safely do it yet if the stomach of the sick will not so admit of it then it may not be amisse to give him a draught of warm posset drink made with Carduus Benedictus Burrage or Buglosse or Sorrel water and a little Sugar boyled therein or in want of those herbs a plain posset and three spoonfuls of Spanish wine added thereto where the Artist shall see it so necessary which may time enough be added when the Posset is taken from the fire if the Patient be taken cold as is said but if the Disease begin burning then let Sorrel or Violet leaves or Strawberry leaves or some other cordial roots Herbs or Flowers as is already rehearsed be put
into the posset and some fitting sirrup as of Sorrel or Wood-sorrel or three or four drops of Oyl of Vitriol if it may be had be added thereunto in such a case being very Cordial and good and in want thereof plain posset drink alone reasonable warm will do well where the recited are not and for a need give it in white Wine as is said or in Beer to the poorer sort or if the party take this Medicine alone being in haste in want of means it will do well by Gods Mercy if he be not too much doubtfull And for the discreet Artist or the attenders of the sick let them take what they have ready presently and let the sick be laid down to sweat and where you can have learned counsel refuse it not as is said and delay not for by want of advice now and then able men dye to save charges which is a lamentable folly AN Approved Cordial Medicine against the Plague of the Practice of Doctor Burgis Verbatim or in the very words as be writ it in his Book with also his addition in the commendation thereof Medicine of D r. Burgis against the Plague TAke three pints of Muskadine and boyl therein a handfull of Sage â—and a handful of Rue till a pinte be wasted then strain it and set it over the fire again then put thereto a penniworth of long Pepper half an ounce of Ginger a quarter of an ounce of Nutmegs all beaten together and let it boyl a little more then put thereto two penniworth of Treacle four penniworth of Mithridate and a quarter of a pint of the best angelica-Angelica-water you can get Keep this as your life above all worldly treasure take of it alwaies warm both morning and evening a spoonful or two if you be already infected and sweat thereupon if not a spoonful a day is sufficient half a spoonful in the morning and half a spoonfull at night all the Plague time under God trust to this for there was never man woman nor child that this deceived This is not onely for the common Plague which is called the Sicknesse but for the small Pox Meazles and Surfeits and divers other diseases This Medicine as you may read is praised to the full and no doubt may well deserve praise and yet were I to put my life upon a medicine I would not choose the aforesaid Medicine for many reasons First that the composition thereof is uncertain namely by penniworths and the Angelica water doubtful whether it be of it self simple or drawn of Wine the Treacle not declared whether common or no and further in my judgment take it in the best sense the composition is rude and too hot fitter rather to inflame then cure But yet I leave it for them that have tryed it or that list to try it to make it up and use it in the Name of God who giveth his blessings beyond measure to mean things A Composition of an Electuary De Ovo of mine own long experience and practice which I know to be very good and is not dear The Composition of Elect. De Ovo TAke Saffron Ê’ 5. and a Scruple undryed then tease it I mean pull the parts thereof asunder then take one reasonable small new-laid Egge and make a small hole in the top of it and let the white run out then fill up the Egge with the said Saffron putting it in by little and little till it be almost full ever gently mixing the yolk with the Saffron and in that manner of doing one reasonable Egge will contain all the prescribed Saffron This done with part of the white of the Egge mix a little Wheat flower to make a paste then break another larger Egge onely for the shell which you may use as followeth First strike off the top as whole as you can to cover the hole in the top of the former mentioned smaller Egge and with the paste aforesaid paste up the hole and set it near the fire onely to dry and after that spread a fine rag with some of the said paste and again cover the hole and the piece of the shell lying thereon and dry it before the fire then put this Egge into a wider Egg-shell namely that which was emptied before and so set it up to the top in an Earthen Pot filled with Sand on a gentle fire till the sand be so hot that the Saffron in the Egge smell then for fear of burning it take the Pot or Pipkin from the fire and take the Egge out of the hot sand and put it to cool if you find it be but reasonable dry and not burned then need it not be put any more to the fire for it will easily burn without great care had then being well rosted take all that pasted away and take all the substance contained therein bear it and work it so long together untill no part of the Saffron appear but be all into one body then weigh what the whole substance weigheth which will be about one ounce Which done take of Diptam Alb. of the roots of Tormentil of Butter-burre called Petacitis of Angelica and Zedoary roots of each Ê’ j. of Myâ—â—he and Juniper-berries of each Ê’ ij all these being made into fine powder before and ready then take of Mithridate of the best â„¥ .ij. of the finest purified Honey â„¥ ij make this up According to Art into a stiffe Electuary which is done by strong and stiffe beating and working of it altogether at the least three or four houres And if there want humidity to work it up into a just consistence adde Syrrup Limoniorum qua sa est The Dose of this is at the most Ê’ j. se But for that it hath an unpleasing taste unto some delicate palates when I have it ready I use to take thereof Ê’ se and of Ther. Diatessaron or London Treacle or good Mithridate of any one of these Ê’ j. se and mixe them in white wine with also a few drops of Oyl of Vitriol namely four or five drops at most with also one ounce of some Cordial Syrrup as of Buglosse or Sorrel of Citrons or Limons or Wood-Sorrel when it is not to be appointed to delicate personsr And all that I give at once to a man or a woman and lay the party to sweat gently at the least for three hours Or in want thereof I put only a quarter of a pint of white Wine with a little Sugar to it either mixed as is said or Ê’ j se of the said Electuary alone in a bole or lump to some for it needeth no other mixture for the adding vertue thereto for it is a most excellent Cordial alone And I would advise those which cannot have all the ingrediency of this composition as namely in the Country that they make ready the Egge and Saffron as is said and take only a double weight of good Mustard-seed thereto and with about one ounce of good Honey work it well into
an Electuary and use thereof Ê’ j. se at a time in Posset-drink or Wine according as the sicknesse taketh men if it take them cold I hold it better given in Wine or Posset-drink made with Wine if it may be had then with the usual Cordial Waters which is but a meere Flâ—gma distilled from the barre herb at the best and often not truly so good for I well know that Wine is a true Cordial and gladdeth the heart of man which I must believe to be so for that the Booke of God doth so testifie of it And I know also it resisteth putrefaction in the very nature thereof Wherefore in my opinion if it were not in some who apparantly have a fervent burning Feaver where reason it self would advise me to forbear Wine I would use Wine before either Angelica Carduus Dragon-Water or any of the like kindes in the case of the Plague as I have divers times elsewhere recited The Dose of Elect. de Ovo This Medicine either taken alone a Drach or four scruples to a strong person diseased is excellent if it be taken with Syrrup of Citrons Ê’ j. White or Claret Wine â„¥ iij. or iiij â„¥ and four drops of Oyle of Vitrol and the diseased layd to sweat upon it being orderly attended it is a most precious Medicine by my self very often tryed I having often made the aforesaid Receit and used it out with good successe Another Composition of Electuarium De Ovo being plain cheap and good ELectuarium de Ovo or the Electuary of the Egge as it was made and prescribed for publick use in Germany by the Physicians of the Emperour Maximilian in the time of a great Plague there in Aâ—â—â— Domini 1600. being a most excellent Preservative against the disease and also a good curative medicine as followeth Take a new Egge and make a hole in the â—oppe put out the white and fill the place with Saffron undryed onely teased and the flakes opened asunder mingle it in the shell that it be like a paste the yolk of the egge and the saffron together and stoppe the hole being filled and boyl or stew it or rather bake it gently in the Imbers till it may almost be brought into powder but without burning of it then adde unto it of the rootes of Tormentil Morsus Diab Angelica Pimpernel and Zedoary of each Ê’ ij make this into powder then take â„¥ ij of old Venice Triacle and in want thereof so much Mithridate and with water of Scabious make it into an Electuary and give at one time for the largest dose or quantity one Drach and a half to a strong body to provoke him to sweat if he have the sicknesse It will provoke sweat plentifully but if it be by way of a preservative to prevent sicknesse then give him but the weight of 3 d. or 4 d. or 6 d. at the most at one time and let the Patient upon the receit thereof be laid to sweat for three or four houres and it will produce an admirable effect of health if it be with good order and discretion administred The Composition of the ancient Treacle Theriac Diatessar or the poor mans Treacle TAke chosen Myrrhe good Bay-berries hulled well Aristolochia roots and Gentian roots * of each 1. â„¥ dissolve the Myrrhe in Sack and gently evaporate some of the Sack away and make the other ingrediences into fine powder then take â„¥ xij of pure honey and according to Air incorporate it and mix all the aforesaid things with it make it boil a little gently and make an Electuary thereof and give a Ê’ j. s or two Ê’ ij of this Electu at a time to a strong body yea a strong person may safely take Ê’ iij. The dose of Ther. Diatess And lay the party to sweat you may give it in white wine or claret or sack if the disease begin cold or in Beer Ale or posset drink and I have found by much practice that it is a sure good Cordial and Children may take it This medicine I my self would take upon the defence of my own life as soon as one of the greatest and dearest compositions in the Apothecaries shop And I further well know that the Apothecary may honestly afford The price of Ther. Diatâ—ss this kind of Diatessar truly made for 4 d an ounce and that an ounce thereof may be sufficient at several times given to cure a man diseased of the Plague God giving his blessing to the meanes and by way of preservatives given it may defend many from it But I confesse it is some what a bitter Medicine and so as I have said are most all good Medicines in practice for that disease wherefore whosoever mâ—sâ—keth a good Medicine for the bitternesse by his nice refusal may find his disease farre more bitter Nam dulcia non meruit qui non gustavit amara The vertue of it for other diseases This medicine is also excellent good against paines and gripings of the stomach or belly taking the quantity aforesaid or lesse and for the disease of the Colick or any windy pains or gripings of the small guts it is the best medicine that ever I knew A Caveat for administering of Ther. Diatess But beware it be not given to women with child for to such it is not grateful nor very safe because of the Myrrhe but to any woman which wants the due sicknesse of her seasons it is an excellent medicine and otherwise for any person diseased with the Plague A Cordial Confection or Preservative for women with child children infants and tender people The receit TAke chosen roots of Set-well called Zedoary the purest of them half a pound put them one whole day to infuse in Rose-water and wine-vineger mixed then let them dry gently which done with fine Sugar and Rose-water preserve them and give a small quantity of the same half an ounce or thereabout fasting the like you may do with Angelica rootes or with Enul Campan rootes or with The great vertue of the root of the Butter-burre a root called Butter-burre which is one of the most excellent roots for the cure of the Plague that ever was found out by Art this root the Germanes name Pestilence root as being held the best preservative and also cure for the disease of the Plague or Pestilence Another good Cordial for women with child children or delicate people TAke a Lemon or a good Citron â—â—ew it in Rose water and Sugar cloven first into four parts and when it is half stewed adde The receiâ— some Cynamon in powder thereto it is a singular good Cordial so taken and for a preservative for tender women with child and dainty people the quantity of a Nutmeg thereof in a morning for such as are delicate and tender and cannot take medicines well that are The dose of it bitter Also for women with child if they take sometimes a toste sprinkled with rose