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water_n	drink_v	good_a	half_a	7,854	5	8.2121	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05597	The totall discourse, of the rare adventures, and painefull peregrinations of long nineteene yeares travailes from Scotland, to the most famous kingdomes in Europe, Asia, and Affrica Perfited by three deare bought voyages, in surveying of forty eight kingdomes ancient and modern; twenty one rei-publicks, ten absolute principalities, with two hundred islands. ... divided into three bookes: being newly corrected, and augmented in many severall places, with the addition of a table thereunto annexed of all the chiefe heads. Wherein is contayed an exact relation of the lawes, religions, policies and governments of all their princes, potentates and people. Together with the grievous tortures he suffered by the Inquisition of Malaga in Spaine ... And of his last and late returne from the Northern Isles, and other places adjacent. By William Lithgow.; Most delectable, and true discourse, of an admired and painefull peregrination from Scotland, to the most famous kingdomes in Europe, Asia and Affricke	Lithgow, William, 1582-1645?	1640 (1640)	STC 15714; ESTC S108592	306,423	530

at a Village called Adoash being composed of threescore Moorish and Arabian Houses standing in a fruitfull and delicate Plaine and garnished with Olive Date and Figge-trees which were both pleasant and profitable where we found also good Hearbs to eate and abundance of Water to drinke and also to fill our emptied bottles As wee lay downe to sleepe after a hungry supper on the hard ground and our guard watching us that same King of the Ar●bians came a little before mid-night with twenty four wel horsed Runagates and naked Courtiers being armed with bowes and arrowes and halfe-pikes pointed at both ends with hard Steele and asked for the Caravan who presently awoke and went to salute him laying his hand on his breast bowed his head very low which is the usuall courtesie amongst the Infidels and Christians in these parts For they never uncover their heads to any man and after some short parley they sate all downe on the grasse The Caravan presented his rude like maiesty with water bread hearbes figs garlike and such things as he had As they were thus merry at this poore banquet the awfull King tooke the Oath of our Conductor if there were any more Franks there then I and he having sworne the truth the King by a malignant informer incontinently caused mee to bee brought before him and staring mee in the face asked my Interpreter where were my companions Who replyed I had none then said hee tell that dogge or Elishole hee must acknowledge me with five peeces of gold more otherwise making a signe to his owne throate I shall cut off his head because said he I will not loose this nights travell for nothing The which I being informed and knowing that by no condition there was resistance against such a scelerate Prince gave it him forth of mine owne hand having consulted with my Captaine before and that presently with a halfe smiling countenance which hee remarking told the rest it seemed I gave it with a good heart and a cheerefull gesture and to recompence my outward behaviour he drunke a great draught of water to me thinking thereby he had done mee more honour then all the Chickens of gold I gave him now and in the morning would doe him profit or pleasure pleasure they could doe him none for they were unlawfully and dishonestly got and too delivered from the inward sorrow of my sighing soule and no wonder having spent two yeares great charges in Turkey before this time but that I should have beene exceeding penurious of money and thereupon desolate of reliefe and comfort Truely this was one of the greatest tributes I payed for one dayes journey that I had in all my voyage in Asia There are two Kings in Arabia the one who liveth on Euphrates the desarts of Mesopotamia sometimes in Arabia Felix and in some parts of Syria And the other was hee to whom I paid this money wandereth with his Tribes Tents and Bestiall one while in Arabia Petrea and Deserta and sometimes in the Holy Land as hee findeth good pastorage and fresh Fountaines These two Kings are mortall enemies and if by accident they meete they fight most cruelly bringing dammage rapine and destruction to themselves and their followers for it is a difficult thing in them to dominate their inordinate passions being untamed Savages and misregarders of civility who continually contend to corroborate the malignity of their dispositions with bloody and inhumane interprises And yet al the rest of that night after his returne from us we still expected some treacherous surprise which made our Souldiers stand stoutly on their guard and we Pilgrims to our vigilant and naked defence For the Turkes will not suffer Christians to carry weapons in al these Dominions neither any where where they command And for all this great tribute and nights danger of my life here was my present resolution The more I am beset with dreadfull snares Begirded round in shelfie gulfes of wracke And shipbroke left on rockes of deepe despaires Where helples care with tort ' ring thoughts me racke Then stoutly stand I hoping for the end That time will change and God will better send And now by the way I recall the aforesaid Turke the master of the Mule that carried my provision and on whom in the journey I had bestowed the most part of my Tobacco When I had no more to give him and hee suspecting the contrary was councelled bee his associats to beate me soundly and dismount my Victuals and Water from the Mules backe till I propined him with the rest Which intention being by me understood I forthwith run to the Caravan and complained whereupon my friend was bravely belaboured with a cudgel and my better safety procured Thus was his former shew of love quickly expelled and an inward grudge suddenly conceived for it was the smoak and not my self he respected Loves whirling fancies mortals fondly feed As marish roots dissolve even as they breed An humane creature inhumanely taught Is worser given to ill than evill fraught Things in themselves be not so bad as ill The cause exeem'd corruption hath free will Mans frail affection is a cloudy mist Whose vapours fall and fogge as passions list Bad counsell's worse than nature ill applies Weak judgement duls when fear in reason flies Thus sad eclips'd the dark eclipsed Moon Did change ere mine eclipsed light was won At last the Sun-shine of my silver day Came crawling on as Snails advance the way The next morning when the hopefull Aurore had foreshown the burning birth of glassie Thetis and that Orient Majesty arising to overcirculate the earth then marcht we along in our way and before mid-day pitched our Haire-cloth Tents round about Iacobs Well neere the decayed City of Sychar in Samaria This Province of Samaria is now for the most part quite destroyed and over-whelmed with Mountains of sand wee found this ancient Well so wondrous deep that scarcely all our ropes could sinke our bucket in the water The tast whereof was wondrous cold and sweet and for Iacobs sake the whole number of us drunk more of it then need required The fiery face of Phaebus declining to the West we marched through a part of the fields of Basan of which Og was last King a man of such a large proportion that his bed being made of iron was nine Cubits long and foure broad and all that afternoon we had exceeding pleasant travelling and at night we incamped by Lydda on the fields Lydda is not above ten miles from the ruinous Towne of Caesarea by the Sea side and is now called by the Turks and Moores Alferron being a Village only of sixteen Moorish Houses Here Peter healed the man sick of the palsie The Towns situated by the Sea side in Phoenicia Palestine and Iudea are these Sydon which standeth in the Borders of Zebulon and Nephtalim or Phoenicia being a goodly City and well peopled and is governed by the Emeere or Prince

had murdered his Master and Prince and lastly was ratified by Paleologus whose some Constantine about 14 yeares thereafter had his head st●uck off his Wife and Daughters put to cruell death his Empire quite subverted in the losse of twelve Kingdomes and 200 Cities being the just judgements of God upon the some for the fathers sake who assigned such an ambitious charge unto that perverst Papalitie After which predominant Titles and falsified power what long controversies and disputes were between the Pope and the Councels of Carthage Chalcedon Ephesus Alexandria and Nice This Papall prerogative begun with bloud and murder continueth in bloud and massacres and doubtlesse in the end shall perish and be confounded with bloud and abominable destruction And what great debate was of old by the Roman Emperours in abolishing out of their Churches the Images and Idols of Stone Iron and Timber c. that for ma ny hundred years they were not suffered to be seen And at the beginning of the Papality and a long time after the Emperours prohibit them and divers Popes have confirmed and approved the same Yet succeeding Popes and the Empire being divided in East and West introducted again the dregs of their old Heathenish and Roman Idolatry and yet they will not be content with the bare name of Images but they impose a sirname or epithite of sanctitie termimg them holy Images Truly I may say if it were not for these Images and superstitious Idolatries they assigne to them the Turks had long ago beene converted to the Christian Faith I have seen somtimes 2000 Turks travelling to Mecha in Pilgrimage which is in Arabia foelix where many in a superstitious devotion having seen the Tombe of Mahomet are never desirous to see the vanities of the World again For in a frantick piety they cause a Smith to pull forth their eys And these men are called afterward Hoggeis that is Holy-men whom the Turks much honour and regard and are always led about from Towne to Towne by mens hands and fed and regarded like unto Princes or like the Capuchins that scourge themselves on good Friday met and homaged at every passing street with prayers gifts and adorations Some write that Mahomet in his youth was a Souldier under the conduct of Heraclins who impl●ying cert●ine Arabians in an expedition to Persla not onely denied them their wages but told them that that was not to be given for Dogs which was provided for the Roman Souldiers Hence some mutinies arising in the Army he with certaine Arabians his Cuntry men by faction seperated themselves and revolted Whereupon Mahomet encouraging them in their defection was chosen their Captain and so for a certaine time they continued rebellious Runnagates Theeves and Robbers of all people The subtlety of this dissembler was admirable who knowing that he was destitute of heavenly gifts to work miracles feign'd that God sent him with the sword He also promised at the end of a thousand yeares to returne and bring them to Paradice but he hath falsified his promise for the time is expired fortie yares agoe And they imagining that he is either diseased or become lame in his journey have ascribed to him another thousand yeares to come But long may their wicked and faithlesse generation gape before he come untill such time that in a generall convocation they be partakers of his endlesse damnation in Hell unlesse it please the Lord in his mercy to convert them before that time Mahomet chiefly prohibiteth in his Alcoran the eating of Swines flesh and drinking of Wine which indeed the best sort do but the baser kind are daily drunkards Their common drinke is Sherpet composed of water Honey and Sugar which is exceeding delectable in the taste And the usuall courtesie they bestow on their friends who visit them is a Cup of Coffa made of a kind of seed called Coava and of a blackish colour which they drinke so hot as possible they can and it is good to expell the crudity of raw meates and hearbes so much by them frequented And that those cannot attain to this liquour must be contented with the cooling streames of water It is incident to Turkes which have not the generosity of mind to temper felicity to be glutted with the superfluous fruites of doubtfull prosperity Neither have they a patient resolution to withstand adversity nor hope to expect the better alteration of time But by an infused malice in their wicked spirits when they are any way calamited will with importunate compulsion cause the poor slavish subiected Christians surrender all they have the halfe or so forth somtimes with strokes menacings and somtimes death it selfe which plainly doth demonstrate their excessive cruelty and the poore Christians inevitable misery And yea being complained upon they are severely punished or else put to death for committing of such unallowed Ryots being expresly against the Imperiall Law of the Turke concerning the quietnesse and liberty of the Christians I have often heard Turkes brawle one with another most vilely but I never saw or heard that they either in private or publicke quarrels durst strike one another neither dare they for feare of severe punishment imposed to such quarrellers But they will injure and strike Christians who dare not say it is a misse or strike again It is a common thing with them to kill their seruants for a very small offence and when they have done throw them like Dogs in a Ditch And oftentimes if not so will lay them downe on their backes hoysing up their heeles bind their feete together and fasten them to a post and with a cudgell give them three or foure hundred blows on the soles of their feete whereupon peraduenture some ever go lame after Their servants are bought and sold like bruit beasts in Markets neither can these miserable drudges ever recover liberty except they buy themselves free either by one means or other Their wives are not far from the like servitude for the men by the Alcoran are admitted to marry as many women as they will or their ability can keep And if it shall happen that any one of these women I mean either Wife or Concubine proftituteth her selfe to an other man besides her Husband then may he by authority binde her hands and feet hang a stone about her neck and cast her into a River which by them is usually done in the night But when these Infidels please to abuse poore Christian women against their Husbands will they little regard the transgression of the Christian Law who as well defloure their Daughters as their Wives yet the devout Mahometans never meddle with them accounting themselves damned to copulate as they think with the off-spring of Dogs The Turks generally when they commit any copulation with Christians or their owne sexe they wash themselves in a South running Fountaine before the Sun rising thinking thereby to wash away their sins If a Turke should happen to kill another

be rescued It is cut forth with many intricating wayes on the face of a little Hill joyning with Mount Ida having many doores and pillars Here it was where Theseus by the helpe of Ariadne the daughter of King Minos taking a bottome of threed and tying the one end at the first doore did enter and slay the Min●taurus who was included there by Dedalus This Min●taure is said to have bin begot by the lewd and luxurious Pasiphae who doted on a white Bull. Mount Ida is the highest Mountaine in Creta and by the computation of Shepheards feete amounteth to sixe miles of hight It is over-clad even to the toppe with Cypre trees and good store of medicinable hearbes insomuch that the beasts which feede thereupon have their teeth gilded like to the colour of Gold Mount Ida of old was called Phelorita by some Cadussa but modernely Madura It is said by some Historians that no venemous animall can live in this Ile but I saw the contrary for I kild on a Sunday morning hard by the Sea side and within two miles of Rethimos two Serpents and a Viper one of which Serpents was above a yard and halfe in length for they being all three rolling within the coverture of the dry sands my right legge was almost in their reverence before I remarked the danger wherefore many build upon false reports but experience teacheth men the truth Some others also Historize that if a Woman here bite a man any thing hard hee will never recover and that there is an hearbe called Allimos in this Iland which if one chaw in his mouth he shall not feele hunger for foure and twenty houres all which are meere fabulous such is the darkenesse of cloudy inventions Descending from this Mountaine I entred in a faire plaine beautified with many Villages in one of which I found a Grecian Bishop who kindly presented me with grapes of Maluasie and other things for it was in the time of their vintage To carry these things he had given me he caused to make ready an Asse and a servant who went with me to Candy which was more than fifteene miles from his house True it is that the best sort of Greekes in visiting other doe not use to come empty handed neither will they suffer a stranger to depart without both gifts and convoy I remember along this sassinous and marine passage I found three fountaines gushing forth of a Rock each one within a yard of other having three sundry tastes the first water was exceeding light and sweet the middle or second marvellous soure and heavy the third was bitter and extraordinary salt so that inso short bounds so great difference I never found before nor afterward Candy is distant from Canea a hundred Miles Rethimos being halfe way betwixt both so is Candy halfe way in the same measure twixt Rethimos and Scythia and Canea the like twixt Rethimos and Carabusa being in all 200 Miles Candy is a large and famous City formerly called Matium scituated on a plaine by the sea side having a goodly Haven for ships and a faire Arsenell wherein are 36. Gallies It is exceeding strong and daily guarded with 2000. Souldiers and the walles in compasse are about three Leagues In this time there was no Vice-Roy the former being newly dead and the place vacant the Souldiers kept a bloody quarter among themselves or against any whomsoever their malignity was intended for in all the time I stayed there being ten dayes it was nothing to see every day foure or five men killed in the streetes neither could the Rector nor the Captains helpe it so tumultuous were the disordered Souldiers and the occasions of revenge and quarrelling so influent This commonly they practise in every such like vacation which otherwise they durst never attempt without death and severe punishment and truely me thought it was as barbarous a governed place for the time as ever I saw in the world for hardly could I save my owne life free from their dangers in the which I was twice miserably involved Candy is distant from Venice 1300 Miles from Constantinople 700 from Famagusta in Cyprus 600 from Alexandria in Aegypt 500 from Tripoli in Syria 700 from Naples 900 from Malta 500 from Smyrna in Car●●nia of Natolia 400 and from the City of Ierusalem 900 Miles The Candeots through all the Island make muster every eight day before the Seriant-Majors or Officers of the Generall and are well provided with all sorts of Armour yea and the most valorous people that hight the name of Greekes It was told mee by the Rector of Candy that they may raise in Armes of the Inhabitants not reckoning the Garrisons above sixty thousand men all able for warres with 54 Gallies and 24 Galleots for the Sea In all my Travells through this Realm I never could see a Greeke come forth of his house unarmed and after such a martiall manner that on his head he weareth a bare steele Cap a Bow in his hand a long Sword by his side a broad Ponyard overthwart his belly and a round Target hanging at his Girdle They are not costly in aparrell for they weare but linnen Cloathes and use no sho●es but Botes of white leather to keepe their legges in the fields from the pricks of a kinde of Thistle wherewith the Countrey is over-charged like unto little bushes or short shrubs which are marvellous sharpe and offensive unto the inhabitants whereof often a day to my great harme I found their bloody smart The Women generally weare linnen breaches as men doe and bootes after the same manner and their linnen coates no longer then the middle of their thighes and are insatiable inclined to Venery such is the nature of the soyle and climate The ancient Cretans were such notable lyers that the Heathen Poet Epimenides yea and the Apostle Paul in his Epistle to Titus did tearme them to have beene ever lyers evill beasts and slow bellies whence sprung these proverbes as Cretense mendacium cretisandum est cum cretensibus The Candiots are excellent good Archers surpassing all the Orientall people therein couragious and valiant upon the Sea as in former times they were and they are naturally inclined to singing so that commonly after meat Man Wife and Childe of each family will for the space of an houre sing with such an harmony as is wonderfull melodious to the hearer yea and they cannot forgoe the custome of it Their Harvest is our Spring for they manure the ground and sow the seed in October which is reaped in March and Aprill Being frustrate of my intention at Candy I was forced to returne to Canea the same way I went when come I was exceeding merry with my old friends the English-men Meane while there arrived from Tunnis in Barbary an English Runagate named Wolson bound for the Rhodes where after short acquaintance with his Natives and understanding what I was he imparted these words I have had

of one peece of Olive Tree but this I suspend leaving it to be searched by the pregnancy of riper judgements then mine howsoever opinio●s And here I cannot forget a dissembling knavish Greeke who came here to London some eight yeares ago to beg support for the reparation of this decayed Monastery of the holy Crosse. Well Gundamore the Spanish Ambassadour intertained him and recommended his cause to our politique power A contribution is granted over all England for the same purpose and also recoiled besides the severall acknowledgements of our Noble Courtiers Opportunity come I rancountred with this counterfeit Rascall in White Hall Whereupon divers Gentlemen his Majesties servants desired me to try him if he had beene at Ierusalem or dwelt at the Cloyster of the holy Crosse presently I demanded him where the Convent stood hee replyed within Ierusalem and upon Mount Moriah which was false for the Convent is remote from the Citie about three English miles I posed him further ab●ut the situation of Ierusalem c. The quantity of this Cloyster of its Church of the number of Friers who lived in it with many more questions whose circumstances would be redious To any one of which he could not reply but stood shivering for feare and shame neither had he never been in Asia nor these parts whereupon stealing out of the Court hee was no more seen abroad for hee had got at Court and in the Kingdome above twelve hundred pounds sterling besides the advancement of the Papists and Recusants and here was a tricke that then the Spanish faction put on us and themselves also being deceived by a deceiver deceived us with a double deceit policy and lyes About five miles further we arrived at a Village on the Mountaine of Iudea where wee saw a disinhabited house in which Elizabeth the mother of Saint Iohn Baptist dwelt when Mary came up from Galilee to salute her and neare to this we beheld as they say the Sanctuary wherein Zacharias was stricken dumbe till Elizabeth was delivered Two miles further on a Rocky Mountaine wee arrived at a Cave wherein say they S. Iohn did his penance till he was nineteene yeares of age afterwhich time he went downe and dwelt at Iordan It is a pretty fine place hewen out of a Rocke to the which we mounted by twelve steppes having a window our through a great thicknesse of firme stone whence wee had the faire prospect of a fruitfull valley and from the mouth of this delectable Grotto gusheth forth a most delicious Fountaine Returning thence we passed over an exceeding high Mountaine from whence wee saw the most part of Iudea and to the Westward in the way of Aegypt the Castle of the Prophet Elisha and Idumea the Edomits land lying also between Aegypt and Ierusalem This cloudy height is called the Mountaine of Iudea because it overtoppeth all the rest of the Mountaines that circumviron Ierusalem Palestine Gallilee Phenicia or Samaria Descending on the South of the same Hill wee arrived at Phillips Fountaine in which he baptized the Eunuch of Aethiopia standing full in the way of Gaza Here we paid some certaine Madi●s unto the Moores of the Village for accosting the place and drinking of the water So did wee also for the sight of every speciall Monument in Iudea At night wee lodged in Bethleem in a Monastery of the same Fransciscans of Ierusalem being onely sixe Friers After Supper we went all of us having Candles to the place where our Saviour was borne over the which there is a magnificent Church builded yea the ●ost large and royall workemanship that for a Church is in all Asia or Affrick being decored with an hundred and fifty Pillars But before wee came where the Crib had beene wee passed certain difficile wayes where being arrived wee entred in a gorgeous roome adorned with Marble Saphyre and Alabaster stones and there they shewed us both the place and the resemblance of the Crib ouer which were hanging lampes of pure Gold and within their circles oile continually burning Not farre from that place and within the body of the admirable Church they shewed us the part over the which the Starre stayed that conducted the three Wise-men from the East who came out of Chaldea to worship Christ and presented gifts unto him From thence they brought us to a Caue without the Townh wherein say they the Virgin Mary was hid when Herod persecuted the Babes life from which also being warned by the Angell Shee and Ioseph fled downe into Aegypt with the Child In this time of her feare say they the milke left her blessed breasts so that the Babe was almost starved but Shee praying to the Almighty there came forthwith abundance which overflowing her breasts and falling to the ground left ever since as they alledge this consequent vertue to this Cave The earth of the Cave is white as Snow and hath this miraculous operation that a little of it drunke in any Liqu●ur to a Woman that after her Child birth is barren of Milke shall forthwith give abundance which is not onely available to Christians but likewise to Turkish Moorish and Arabianish Women who will come from farre Countries to fetch of this Earth I have seene the nature of this dust practised wherefore I may boldly affirme it to have the force of a strange vertue Of the which Earth I brought with me a pound weight and presented the halfe of it to our sometimes Gracious Queene Anne of blessed Memory with divers other rare Relicts also as a Girdle and a paire of Garters of the Holy Grave all richly wrought in silke and gold having this inscription at every end of them in golden Letters Sancto Sepulchro and the word Ierusalem c. Wednesday following wee hired foure and twentie Moores to conduct us unto Salomons Fish-ponds which are only three being never a whit decayed and to Fons Segnatus whence commeth the water in a stone Conduit along the Mountains that serveth Ierusalem which worke was done by Salomon The ponds being ●ewen out and made square from the devalling face of a precipitating Mountaine through which the stream of Fons Signatus runneth filling the ponds till it come to its own aquadotte Returning thence and keeping our way Southward wee passed through the Valley of Hebron where Iacob dwelt and entred into the fields of Sychem where Iacobs Sons kept their Fathers Sheep and not farre hence they shewed us a dry pit which they called Iosephs pit that was at Dothan wherein hee was put by his Brethren before they sold him to the Ismaelites In ●ur backe comming to Bethleem wee saw a Cave in the Desart of Ziph wherein David hid himselfe when he ws persecuted by King Saul and the field Adra where the Angels brought the glad tidings of salvation unto the Sheepherds Unto all which parts our Moorish guard and Iohn Baptista brought us and conducted us backe againe to Bethleem where wee stayed the second

devotions sake this Easter time being the greatest feast of Ierusalem of whom by the way we received great affability and kinde respect without any offence That night the whole Caravan lay in the fields and we stayed within the Town making merry with our Hebraick friends early the next morning we imbraced our Idumean way finding this Edomitish land sorely dis●ressed by the Arabs and yet the inhabitants were subject to the Turke In this long days journey wee found abundance of water and all other necessaries for our reliefe and yet the people were both rude and extream barbarous having no more shew of humanity then the foure-footed Leopards of Berdoa The Dutch Gentlemen grew affraid at these Savages as being unacquainted before with such an awful fight to dispel their fear tush said I courage Gentlemen no scope no hope and flash'd out these lines in Italian to them To gallant minds all kinde of soils they be Their native land as fish imbrace the Sea For they who would traverse earths variant face Must take their hazard as they finde the place And that 's my soile best means can me defray But Sirs be glad we came not here to stay Againe night wee declined towards Gaz● and there stayed in a fine Cane prepared for Travellers where the whole Caravan Souldiers Camels Dromidores Mules and Asses were all well satisfied and refreshed The next morning we went to the Bezestan or Market place and there furnished our selves with provision of Bread Hens Egs Garlick and Onions sufficient enough to carry us through the Desarts being ten days journey Gaza now is called Habalello and is composed of 1200 fire-houses and fensible against the incursions of Arabs The chiefe Citizens being Turks Moors Iews domestick Arabians with a few Georgians and Nostranes There is a Garrison here of Souldiers and a Turkish Captaine that commandeth the Towne and Castle In the afternoone wee set our faces forward to that fearefull Wildernesse and traviled ore night twelve miles pitching our Tents beside a source or standing Well Here our Guard kept a strict Watch about us all night and I kept as well the Germanes from langour cherishing them with joviall merriments for they were my inward friends yet of a faint and fearefull nature At the breake of day wee set forward passing through diverse Rockey and shrubby heights till afternoone and then wee declined to a sandy Valley Where when come what with the deepnesse of the Way and the great heate reflexing upon the Sand and from the Sand to our faces wee were miserable turmoiled and scorched especially I who went alwayes on foot Having past this wearisome bottome and before night marching along the skirt of a craggy Hill two hundred Arabs broake out upon us from holes and bushes and shrewdly annoyed our Company with Arrowes till a contribution of sixt●ene Piasters was sent to them The halfe of that night wee pitched our Tents in a pastorable plaine where some scatering Arabs sold us Water in Wooden Cups carrying it in Wild Boars skins upon their naked backes Two of which Savages our Captaine hired to guide us the next day to the first Castle of the three that were built by the Turkes and a dayes journey distant one from another being each of them strongly guarded with Souldiers and that for the relief of Caravans being the most dangerous and most desolate place in the Desarts Our Guides the day following brought us through the best and safest places of the Countrey where we found ●ertaine profitable parts planted with haire-cloath tents and ouer-clad heere and there with spots of Sheepe and Goates and yet were wee not there without the invasion of stragling Arabs and paying of tributes which the Captaine defrayed for us our condition being formerly made so at Ierusalem Before night with great heate and greater drouth wee approached to the first Castle where the Captaine thereof received us kindly causing our Tents to be pitched round about the quadrangled Tower Here we had abundance of water though I would rather have had Wine to suffice the whole Company drawne out of a Cisterne and reposing safely upon the hard ground the Castle Garrison watched us and our guard watched them Thence with a new Guide the sequell morne we marched through a fiery faced plaine scorch'd with burning heate and deepe rolling Sand where diverse of our smallest Beasts perished with sixe men and Women also in relieving their ouerwhelmed Asses Long ere midday having got to a hard-heigth we pitched our tents reposing under their shadowes till the evening for wee were not able to indure the intollerable heate of the Sun and so did wee likewise over-shadow our selves every mid-day The vigour of the day gone and the cooling night come we advanced forward to the middle Castle being led by our guide and the pale Lady of the night leading him Where when come wee found neither that Fort answerable to the former in strength nor the Captaine so humane as the other was here wee were all offended with the scarcity of Water the Captaine playing the Villaine crossed us because the Caravanship were Christians at last about midnight some 30 Arabs came to us loaden with Water carried on their backes To whom wee payed for every Caraff being an English quart three Aspers of silver ten Aspers going to a s●i●ling Whereof my kinde Dutch-men drunke too much the Water being thick and of a brownish colour and hot like pisse offended their over-wained stomackes which as I supposed was the chiefest cause the next day of some of their Deaths After mid-night the Turkish Captaine and our Caravan fell at variance about Water for our Beasts who were ready to choake and if they had not bin prevented with Souldiers on both sides it had drawne us and them to a ●inall mischiefe The discord vnpacified before the following day and within night we imbraced our wilsome and fastidious way journying through many dens umbragious caves over-shaded with mouldring heights in some whereof we found Savage Women lying in their Barbarous child-bed having their bodies naked the fore-face of their Wombe excepted their beds were made of soft Sand and ouerspred with leaves a foote thick whose new borne babes lying in their armes were swadled with the same Leaves And for all their sicknesse which was very small they had none of our wives sugered sops burnt wines Venison pasties delicate fare and great feasting nor a months lying in and then Churched putting their husbands to in comparible charges No no their food is onely Bread Garlick Hearbs and Water and on the third or fourth day instead of Churching they go with Bows and Arrows to the fields againe hunting for spoils and booties from passing Caravans Advancing in our course wee fell down from the hils in a long bottome of sand above sixe miles in length Wherein with sore wrestling against the parching Sun and could get no ground to pitch our tents to over-shade us three

carried along on the Sergeants armes to the end of a Trance or stone-Gallery where the Pottaro or Racke was placed The Encarnador or Tormentor began to disburden me of my irons which being very hard inbolted he could not Ram●verse the Wedges for a long time Whereat the chiefe Justice being offended the malicious Villaine with the Hammer which hee had in his hand stroake away above an inch of my left heele with the Bolt Whereupon I grievously groaning being exceeding faint and without my three ounces of bread and a little water for three dayes together the Alcalde said O Traytor all this is nothing but the earnest of a greater bargaine you have in hand Now the Irons being dissolved and my Torments approaching I fell prostrate on my knees crying to the Heavens O Great and Gracious GOD it is truely knowne to thy allseeing Eye that I am innocent of these fal●e and fearefull accusations and since therefore it is thy Good will and pleasure that I must suffer now by the sc●lerate hands of mercilesse men LORD furnish mee with Courage Strength and Patience least by an impatient Minde and feeble Spirit I become my owne Murtherer in Confessing my selfe guilty of Death to shun present punishment And according to the multitude of thy mercies O Lord be mercifull to my sinfull Soule and that for Iesus thy Sonne and my Redeemer his sake After this the Alcalde and Scrivan being both Chaireset the one to examining the other to write downe my Confession and Tortures I was by the Executioner stripped to the skin brought to the rack and then mounted by him on the top of it Where eftsoones I was hung be the pare sh●ulders with two small cords which went under both my armes running on two rings of iron that were fixed in the Wall above my head Thus being hoysed to the appointed height the Torment or discended below and drawing downe my Legs through the two sides of the three planked Racke hee tyed a Cord about each of my ankles And then ascending upon the racke hee drew the cords upward and bending forward with mainforce my two kneels against the two planks the sinewes of my hams burst asunder and the lids of my knees being crushed and the Cords made fast I hung so demayned for a large houre At last the Encarnador informing the Governour that I had the marke of Ierusalem on my right arme joyned with the name and Crowne of King Iames and done upon the Holy Grave The Corridigor came out of his adjoyning stance and gave direction to teare a sunder the name and Crowne as hee said of that Heretike King an arch-enemy to the Holy Catholike Church Then the tormentor laying the right arme above the left and the Crown upmost did cast a cord over both armes seven distant times And then lying downe upon his backe and setting both his feete on my hollow-pinched belly he charged and drew violently with his hands making my Wombe suppor the force of his feete till the seven severall Cords combind in one place of my arme and cutting the Crowne sinewes and flesh to the bare bones did pull in my fingers close to the palme of my hands the left hand of which is Lame so still and will be for ever Now mine eyes began to startle my mouth to foame and froath and my teeth to chatter like to the doubling of Drummers stickes O strange inhumanity of Men monster manglers I surpassing the limits of their national Law three score Tortures being the tryall of Treason which I had and was to endure yet thus to inflict a seaven-fold surplussage of more intollerable cruelties And notwithstanding of my shivering lips in this fiery passion my vehement groaning and blood springing fonts from armes broake sinewes hammes and knees yea and my depending weight on flesh-cutting Cords yet they stroake me on the face with Cudgels to abate and cease the thundring noise of my wrestling voice At last being loosed from these Pinnacles of paine I was hand-fast set on the floore with this their incessant imploration Confesse confesse confesse in time for thine inevitable torments ensue where finding nothing from me but still innocent O I am innocent O Iesus the Lambe of God have mercy upon mee and strengthen mee with patience to undergo this barbarous murder Then by command of the Justice was my trembling body laid above and along upon the face of the Racke with my head downe-ward inclosed within a circled hole my belly upmost and my heeles upward toward the top of the Racke my legs and armes being drawne asunder were fastned with pinnes and Cords to both sides of the outward plankes for now was I to receive my maine torments Now the Alcalde giving commission the executioner layd first a cord over the calfe of my leg then an other on the middle of my thigh and the third cord over the great of my arme which was severally done on both sides of my body receiving the ends of the cords from these sixe severall places through the holes made in the outward planks which were fastned to pinnes and the pinnes made fast with a device for he was to charge on the outside of the planks with as many pinnes as there were holes and cords the cords being first laid meet to my skin And on every one of these sixe parts of my body I was to receive seven severall tortures each torture consisting of three winding throwes of every pinne which amounted to twenty one throwes in every one of these five parts Then the Tormentor having charged the first passage above my body making fast by a device each torture as they were multiplyed he went to an earthen Iarre standing full of water a little beneath my head from whence carrying a pot full of water in the bottome whereof there was an incised hole which being st●pped by his thumb till it came to my mouth he did poure it in my bellie the measure being a Spanish Sombre which is an English Pottle The first and second services I gladly received such was the scorching drouth of my tormenting paine and likewise I had drunke none for three daies before But afterward at the third charge perceiving these measures of water to be inflicted upon me as tortures O strangling tortures I closed my lips againe-standing that eager crudelity Whereat the Alcalde inraged set my teeth asunder with a payre of iron cadges detaining them there at every severall turne both mainely and manually whereupon my hunger clungd belly waxing great grew Drum-like imbolstred for it being a suffocating paine in regard of my head hanging downeward and the water re-ingorging it selfe in my throat with a strugling force it strangled and swallowed up my breath from youling and gro●nong And now to prevent my renewing griefe for presently my heart faileth and forsaketh me I will onely briefe y avouch that betweene each one of these seven circular charges I was aye re-examined