high places and such as are not ouer-shadowed the fall whereof doth enioy the Sunne-rising for water out of such Fountaines is a great deale more light and pleasant in tast and by how much it runneth the swifter and longer way in the Aire and Sunne before it come to the bottome so much it groweth the better as when it falleth from high Rocks it is as it were beaten and broken in falling through the downe-right places of stones and craggednesâ—e of the Rocks We must also see that such Mountaines be full of Dogs-tooth Plantaine Fox-taile wild Penny-ryall transmarine Sage which is called Adianthum Milfoile Chameleon and generally all other hearbes and plants which grow without being planted and are by nature greene well branched good and thicke and well flowred The time most apt in all the yeare and affoording greatest perseuerance for the finding out of the heads of Wells and Fountaines are the moneths of August or September for then it is easie to know the greatnesse of the head when the earth by the great heat of Summer hath no moisture of raine left remaining in it and then also we may gather assurance of such as will neuer drie vp altogether If it happen that the head Fountaine be somewhat too farre from the Farme you may force the water to come thither by little Riuers or rather more conueniently by chaâ—els and conduits made of Lead Wood or Pot-earth the best are made of Aller tree Fâ—rre tree or Pine tree out of which distilleth Perroâ—en because that such Trees haue an oylie humour and hot which easily resisteth the hurtes which water might cause Next to them are those which are made of Pot-earth if that the water carried along in them were not the cause of breeding obstruction These must be two fingers thicke and sharpe at one end the length of halfe a foot to goe the one of them into the other the worst sort is those made of Lead because the water carried along by them purchaseth from the Lead an euill qualitie and that because of the Ceruse thereof so that it oftentimes causeth bloudie fluxes and other such like diseases if we beleeue Galen and them which for this cause call the inhabitants of Paris Squitters because they vse Fountaine-water which runneth through Leaden pipes which point notwithstanding seemeth not to be without all doubt seeing that Ceruse cannot breed nor be made of Lead without vineger and for that we see also diuers Countries doe drinke of such waters without being troubled with bloudie fluxes whatsoeuer it is wee must set well together and soulder the pipes with a compound made of vnquenched lime and the greaâ—e of a hogge or of Perrosen and the whites of egges or of lyme whites of egges oyle and the filings of yron because that all these things doe hinder corruptions and rottennesse which the water might cause If any Mountaine doe hinder the laying or bringing along of these Pipes wee must make them way if any Valley we must reare arches such as are to be seene in a Village neere vnto Paris called Arâ—ueil and that because of those said arches or rayse pillars and other matter to support those water-passages But it is not sufficient to haue found out those Heads of Wells and Fountaines but we must further consider of the goodnesse and wholesomenesse of the Water as Aristotle teacheth vs For seeing the greatest part of our life dependeth vpon the vse of this element it is requisite that the Master of the Household should haue care to procure good Water in as much as Water must be the most of his seruants drinke and that the Bread which he and his familie doe eat is kneaded therewith and the greatest part of his victuals boyled therein The best and most wholesome Water of all others is Raine Water falling in Summer when it thundereth and lightneth verie much and yet notwithstanding Raine Water causeth costiuenesâ—e and obstructions especially that which is kept in Cesternes newly made and that by reason of their Mortar wherewith they are ouer-layd It doth also corrupt very quickly that onely excepted which falleth in May and being so corrupted it maâ—reth the voice bringing Hoarsenesse and a little Coâ—gh Next to this in goodnesse is 〈◊〉 Fountaine Water which falleth from the Mountaines and runneth along amoâ—gst Stones and Rocks Next to this in goodnesse is Well Water or that which issueth at the hanging parts of the Mountaines or that which springeth in the bottome of a Valley The fourth different sort of Waters is that of the Riuer The worst of all the rest is that of the Poole and Marish Grounds and yet that which runneth not is worse than all the rest and more apt to inâ—ect The Water of Snow and Ice is the most vnwholesome of all because it is the coldest and most earthie as not hauing beene prepared by the heat and vertue of the Sunne And as conceâ—ning the Water of Wells and Fountaines seeing it is not found good alwaies and in all places we shall know them to be good if it haue neither tast sâ—â—ell nor any colour whatsoeuer being notwithstanding verie cleere and of the nature of the Ayre taking quickly the colour of anie thing that one shall cast into it being also cleane warme in Winter and cold in Summer easie to make hot and as soone becomming cold againe in which Peason Beanes and other such like things doe boyle easily and which being put for some space in a Brasen Copper or Siluer Vessell well scoured leaueth no discoloured parts or spots in the same and which when it hath beene boyled in a Caâ—ldron made verie faire and cleane doth not make any â—etling or shew of filth in the bottome if such as vse to drinke it haue a cleere voice a sound breast and the die or colour of the face be neat and liuely finally that which together with the rest of the markes is verie light and by consequent as principall of all the rest shall that be iudged which excelleth in the foresaid markes and qualities and for to know which is the lightest weigh as much with as much of euerie sort of Water or else take two three or â—oure Clothes of one and the same webbe length and breadth according to the quantitie and sorts of Water which you would compare together and in euerie one wet a Cloth distill the Clothes or let the Water drop out of them and then weigh them for the Cloth which was moistened in the â—ightest Water will then weigh lesâ—e than the rest It is true that the lightnesse of Water is not so truely tryed by weight as by drinking not causing at such time anie burthenous weight in the places about the short Ribbes and passeth through the bodie speedily as also in being quickly hot and quickly cold Drie Places and Countries abounding with Mountaines doe commonly bring forth Stones which is easily perceiued by the rough and boisterous handling of the Earth
with water or the dung of Hennes drunke with Hypocras made of honey and wine or a Clister made of Brine or the heart of a Larke swallowed downe while it is fresh and new or the said heart of a Larke fastened to the thigh As concerning outward remedies some approue greatly to take the skin of a sheepe all new or the kell of the intrailes of a sheepe newly killed to apply it vnto the bellie or to make a bag of Millet Branne Wheat and Salt fried together to lap vpon the bellie A Cataplasme made of Wolues dung is also profitable against the Collicke the same dung drunke with a little wine doth verie much good the bones found in the dung of a Wolfe powned small and drunke with wine haue the like qualitie Some say that if you take ashes comming verie hot from vnder the coales of fire and put the said ashes in a dish or pot and afterward poure thereon a good glasâ—e of Claret wine and afterward couer the said dish with ashes with a linnen cloth foure double and apply it vnto the bellie you shall find release and mitigation of your paine For the â—uâ—orall â—lux of the Bellie it is good to drinke milke wherein hath beene quenched a gad of Steele or of yron or milke boyled with a halfe quantitie of water and that vnto the consumption of the water or hee shall take of a Stags pizzle with Cesâ—â—rue water to vse Rice parched to take a dramme of Masticke powdred with the yolke of an egge to make a Cataplasme with the flower of Wheat to apply all ouer the Nauell but it must be wrought with red Wine and after baked in the Ouen For the bloudie Flux giue to drinke with red wine the bloud of a Hare dried and made in powder or the powder of mens bones or else gather the dung of a dogge which for three dayes hath fed vpon nothing but bones and this you must drie to make into powder of 〈◊〉 powder giue vnto him that is troubled with such Flux twice a day in milke wherein you shall haue quenched manie stones of the Riuer verie throughly heated in a verie hot fire continue this two or three dayes or else giue to drinke the distilled water of the great Burre oâ— the decoction of shepheards Purse or the distilled water of Woodbâ—nd or else giue to drinke the seed of Plantaine in powder or the distilled water of the first buds of the Oake or the powder of Snayles burnt with the powder of Brier-berries and a little white Pepper and Galls or of the Harts and Goats horne burned or rather of the pizzle of a Haâ—t prepared as wee haue taught here aboue in setting downe the remedies for the Pleurisie For to stay the flux of Bloud drinke a reasonable draught of the iuice or decoction of dead Nettle make Clysters with the 〈◊〉 of Plantaâ—ne and Horse-taile vse the broth of Coleworts â—odden vâ—rie tender the iuice of Pomegrants and the substance it selfe Sallads of Plantaine and Sorrell chaw oftentimes some Rubarbe To loosen the Bellie â—ou must eat sweet Cherries or Peaâ—hes Figges or Mulberries fasting to sâ—p the first broths of Coleworts of Beets of Mallowes or Lettuces or of Cich-pease without salt to apply vnto the stomacke a Cataplasme made with Honey the gall of a Bull and the roet of Sow-bread or the leaues of Apples of coloquâ—â—tida to take a Suppositorie made of fat Bacon or the stalke of a Mallow or Beet To kill the wormes of little children it is good to cause them to vse preserued Rubarbe or the câ—nserue of Peach flowers to drinke the distilled water of Gentian or the â—â—ce of Câ—trons the iuice of Mints or Basill of Purcelane Rue or Wormwood or else to cause them to swallow with a verie small draught of Wormewood wine of the powder made of Wormes first dried and after burned on a fire-pan red hot and make it into verâ—e â—ine powder or of the powder of blessed Thistle or of Coralline the weight of a French crowne also to apply vnto the Nauell a cataplasme made of Wormewood Tansie and an Oxe gall and all this must be done toward the later end of the Moone To stay the excessiue paine of outward Hemorrhoids you must make a Liniment of oyle of Roses waâ—â—ed in the water of Violets fresh Butter oyle of Linseed the yolke of an egge and a little waxe or else to make a little cataplasme with the crums of a white loafe sleept in Cowes milke adding thereto two yolkes of egges a little Saffron and a little Populeon There may also a little Liniment be made with fresh butter and the powder of Corke-tree burned In the paine of the Hemorrhoids therâ— is nothing more singular than the perfume made of shauings of Iuorie To stay the excessiue flux of the Hemorrhoids it is a most singular remedie to drinke a dramme of red Corall or of the scumme of yron with the water of Plantain and also to make a fomentation of the decoction of white Henbane or in place of this a Cataplasme made of the powder of burnt Paper or of the shauings of Lead or of Bole Armoniack with the white of an egge or of three Oyster shells finely poudred either raw or burnt and mixt with a little fresh butter For the stone in the Reines you must drinke often of the iuice or water of the bodie of the Beech tree which water must be gathered in the Spring time in as much as then the bodie or the rinde thereof being 〈◊〉 or cut to the qâ—â—cke doth yeeld a great quantitie of water verie singular for this purpose The fruit of the Eglantinâ— preserued before it be ripe after the manner of Marmalate with Sugar hauing first taken the kernels from within taken fasting to the end of the last quarter and first daies of the Moone following in drinking somewhat more than a reasonable draught of white wine or of the water of wild Tansie or such other is verie excellent therefore He must also drinke very oft with white wine the pouder of the pâ—lling of Rest-harrow or Buck-thorne or of the gumme which groweth round about the riâ—des of Vines or of the seed of Goose-grasâ—e finely powdred or to drinke the distilled water of Radish roots and Nettle roots with a little Sugar or the water of Broome or of Dogs-grasse or of wild Tansie the water or iuice of Radish wherein is dissolued the powder of egge-shels burnt or of the stones of Medlars or of the eye of a Partridge or of the braine of a Pie or of the inward skin of thâ—â— stomacke of a Henne or Câ—pon Euerie man prayseth this decoction whereof Aetius maketh mention in his chapter of Sea-Holly Take the roots of Sea-Holly the pith taken out and make them verie cleane steepe them eight houres in Fountaine water after that to boyle them till the halfe of the water be consumed in the end of the boyling cast
into the pot Licorice bruised let this decoction coole at leisure And as for outward meanes it is good to apply a Cataplasme made of Pellitorie of the wall vnto the reines or else a Cataplasme made of the root of Cypres and the leaues of Bell-flower boyled in wine The best and most soueraigne of all the rest is to prepare a Bath wherein haue boyled the leaues of water-Paâ—sley Mallowes Holihocks March Violets Pellitorie flowers of Broome and Camomill and within the Bath vpon the reines a bagge full of Branne and water-Parsley For the Collick caused of Grauell cause to boyle the leaues and flowers of Camomill in an equall quantitie of water and white wine to the wasting of the third part drinke the decoction warme suddenly the paine will be appeased For the difficultie of Vrine drinke the iuice of Winter Cherries or the decoction of Radish roots in white wine or the decoction of hearbe Patience or of the Thistle said to haue an hundred heads or of Bell-flower or of the white prickly Thistle or of Sperage or of Dogs-grasse or of Rest harrow also apply vpon the yard or secret parts a Cataplasme or Liniment of Fleawort Some hold it for a great secret to drinke white wine wherein hath beene brayed Sowes found in caues and hollow places or to make powder of the said Sowes dryed and so to giue the same to drinke in white wine Others doe greatly esteeme the distilled water of the pillings of the root of Rest-harrow first steeped in Malmesey For the stone in the Bladder it is a singular thing to drinke the iuice of Limons with white wine or to make a powder of the stones of Medlars first washed in white wine and after dryed of Broome-seed Burnet-seed and of the seed of Sperage Holihockes Saxifrage Melons Pompions Citruls and of the hearbe good against pearles and to vse these with white wine There is an hearbe growing at the new Towne LeGuyard called in French Crespinette by those that dwell thereabouts and of this the young Ladie of Villeneufue sister to the late deceased Monsieur Cardinall of Bellay caused to be distilled a Water which is singular against the difficultie of Vrine and the stone in the Bladder as I my selfe haue proued diuers times Some hold it also for a singular remedie to make a powder of the stones of Sponges or of the stone which is found in the head of Cray-fishes or of the shells of small Nuts or of the gumme of Cherrie trees and to take it with white Wine or the iuice of Radishes Or else the distilled water of the stalkes of Beanes red Cich-pease and the seed of Holihock The which followeth of Glasse is a great secret which being burned and quenched seuen times in the water of Saxifrage and afterward made into a verie fine powder and giuen with white wine vnto the partie troubled with grauell doth breake the stone in them in any part of the bodie Another secret is that of the shells of egges which haue brought forth Chickens being brayed brewed and drunke with white wine which breaketh the stone as well of the Reines as of the Bladder For all such persons as pisse in their bed whiles they be asleepe and cannot hold their vrine there is nothing better than to eat oftentimes the lungs of a young Kid rosted or to drinke with wine the powder of the braines or stones of a Hare as also the powder of a Cowes bladder or of a Hogs Sheepe or Goats bladder or the powder made of the roots of Bistort or of Tormentill with the iuice of Plantaine or with the milke of Sheepe or the ashes of the flesh of an Hedgehog For the burning of the Vrine let be taken of shell-Snayles and whites of egges of each a pound of the great and small cold feeds of each halfe an ounce halâ—e a pound of the water of Lettuce foure ounces of good Cassia three ounces of Venice Turpentine powne that which may be powned and let it all stand to mix together for the space of a night afterward distill them in a Limbecke in Mariâ—s bath let this water settle some time before that you vse it giue thereof halfe an ounce euerie morning with a dramme of Saccharum Rosatum continue the vse thereof as long as you are able To make a woman fruitfull which is barren let her drinke foure dayes after the purging of her naturall course the iuice of Sage with a verie little salt and let her continue and goe ouer this course diuers times To stay the excessiue flux of the flowers of Women they must drinke with the iuice of Plantaine the powder of the Cuttle bone or the bone of a Sheepes foot burned or the shells which Pilgrims bring home after their pilgrimage to S. Iames or of Corall or of Harts horne or of the shells of burnt egges or of twelue red graines of the seed of Pionie or to swallow with the yolke of an egge the powder of Tezill or the scumme of yron first dipt in vineger and after made into fine powder And as for outward meanes it is good to apply vnto the Nauell shell-Snayles well brayed or the red in the void space of the Nut burnt and powdred and mingled with wine Make a Cataplasme of Soot or of the scraping got from vnder the bottome of a Caulâ—rton mingle it with the white of an egge or the iuice of dead Nettle or white Mulâ—â—â—ne and apply it vnto the loynes and bottome of the belly Or to fill a bag sufficient full of grosâ—e salt to dip in fresh water newly drawne out of the Well and to apply it to the hollow of the Reines Some make great account of Cherry-tree gumme infused in the iuice of Plantaine and cast into the priuie parts with small Siâ—ings 〈◊〉 to apply to the breasts the leaues of Celandine For the white termes of Women after that the bodie is purged it is good to drinke with the iuice of Plantaine or the water of Purcelane the powder of Amber of Corall or of Bole Armoniake or of Terra sigillata or of Steele prepared or of Sponge burnt in a pot or of the Sea-Snayle first burnt and afterward washt in wine And as for outward meanes there must be made a Lee with ashes of Oake wood or of the Figge-tree or of the Osier in which there must be boyled the rind of Pomegranats Gâ—â—â—s pieces of Corke leaues and roots of Bisâ—ort and of Peruincle beyond-sea Roses with a verâ—e small quantitie of Allome and Salt and of this to make a fomentation or a halfe bath For to cause women to haue their termes they must drinke euerie morning two ounces of the water of Mugwort or of the decoction of Dogs-grasse Cich-pease the seed of common or Romane Nigella of the root of Smallage Cinnamon and Saffron the roots of Radish of the Tasell in which one may dissolue as much Mirrhe as the quantitie of a Beane The iuice
of Sea-Holly and of Tasell mixed with white wine is singular in this case A Bath also is verie good and it may be pâ—epared with water of the Riuer in which shall haue boyled Mugwort Mallowes Holâ—hock Camomill Melilot and other such like hearbes and within the Bath to rub the hippes and thighes drawing them downeward with a bagge of Mugwort Celandine Cheruile Smallage Betonie seeds of Nigella and other such like Some esteeme it for a rare remedie for to take the weight of one or two French crownes of the marrow of a Hart to tye it within a little knot of fine and cleane linnen and to put the said knot into the woman her secret place deepe ynough but this to be after the bodie hath beene prepared and purged For the suffocation of the Matrix the legges must be rubbed alwayes drawing downeward and tying them hard to put the partie thereby to great paine put cupping-glasses vpon the thighes rub the stomacke drawing downeward from the pit thereof to the nauell Furthermore she must be made to smell vnto things that stinke and small strong as the feathers of Partridges or shooe soles burnt and below to apply things that are verie sweet smelling as Cloues Marierome Amber Time Lauander Calaminth Penny-ryall Mugwort Ciuer the leaues of white Mulleine which hath his stalke rising verie high you must also giue her to drinke the quantitie of a beane of Mithridate dissolued in the water of Wormewood or fifteene red or black seeds of Pioniâ— bruised and dissolued in wine The onely remedie for this disease is that if it fall out that the sicke partie be with child that then her husband dwell with her for the remedies before spoken of are dangerous for women with child Sume doe much esteeme in this disease the course following that is that the woman euerie weeke to keepe her selfe free should drinke three spoonefuls of white wine wherein hath beene boyled and steept an ounce of the root of Brionie For the falling downe of the Mother the partie must be caused to vomite to haue her armes rubbed and bound hard to moue great paine to set cupping-glasses vpon her breasts and to cause her to smell vnto sweet and odoriferous things and below to apply things that are of a strong and stinking smell There must be giuen her to drinke the powder of Harts horne or of drie Bay leaues with red wine that is verie sharpe In like manner a Cataplasme made of Garlicke stamped and dissolued in water or Nettles newly braied and applied vnto the bellie causeth the Matrix to returne into his place Holihocks boyled with oyle and the fat of Quailes made in forme of an emplaâ—ster and applyed to the bellie are verie profitable Ashes made of egge shâ—lls wherein Chickens haue beene hatched mixed with Pitch and applyed vnto the belly doe put the Matrix againe into the place Some are of opinion that one leafe of Clot-burre put vnder the sole of the womans foot drawech downe the Mother and being applyed vnto the top of the head doth draw it vp on high For the inflammation of the Matrix it is good to make an iniection with the iuice of Plantaine or of Nightshade or of Houseleeke or to apply a Cataplasme made of Barley flower the rinds of Pomegranats and the iuice of Plantaine Houseleeke or Nightshade For the inflammation of a mans yard the same Cataplasme will be very soueraigne if there be added vnto it some quantitie of driered Roses or else take the new dung of a Cow frie it in a panne with the flowers of Camomill Brier and Meâ—â—lot lay it to the cods you shall perceiue the swelling to depart quickly To take away the stinking smell of the feet put within your shooes the scuâ—â—me of yron For to make a woman fruitfull that cannot conceiue take a Doe great with fawne kill 〈◊〉 and draw out of her belly the membrane wherein the fawne lyâ—â—h turne the fawne out of the said membrane and without washing of it drie it in the Ouen after the bread is drawne forth being dried make the inner part and place where the fawne lay into powder giue of this powder three mornings vnto the woman and that by and by after midnight with three or foure spoonefuls of wine 〈◊〉 her not rise of foure houres after and aduise her that her husband may lye with her If a woman with child haue accustomed to lye downe before her time it is good that whiles she is with child she vse with the yolke of a new egge a powder made of the seed of Kermes otherwise called Diers graine and of fine Frankincense of each an equall part or else that she vse oftentimes of the powder of an Oxe pizzle prepared in such sort as we haue set downe among the remedies for the Pleurisie or elsâ— that she weare continually vpon some one or other of her fingers a Diamond for â— Diamond hath the vertue to keepe the infant in the mothers wombe Some say also that the slough of an Adder dried and made into powder and giuen with the 〈◊〉 of bread is singular good for the staying of vntimely birth The Eagles stone is commended for this aboue all other things which being worne vnder the left arâ—epit or hanged at the arme of the left side doth keepe the infant and hindereth vntimely birth To bring to bed the woman which is in trauaile of child you must tye on the inside of her thigh not farre from the place by which the excrement of ordure passeth the Eagles stone and so soone as the child is borne and the woman deliuered to take it away for the same purpose to giue her the decoction of Mugwort Rue Dittaâ—e and Pennyryall or of the iuice of Parsley drawne with a little vineger or of white Wine or Hypocras wherein hath beene dissolued of the powder of the Canes of Cassia of Cinnamon of the stones of Dates of the roots of Cypres of the flowers of Camomill of the root of round Aristolochie or Birthwort or the iuice of Tota bona with white wine or else the leaues of Tota bona stamped layd vpon the secret paâ—â—â— and round about And when a woman is in trauaile of child and looseth all her strength it is good to giue her bread steept in Hypocras or a spoonefull of the water called Claret water which must be prepared in this sort Lay to steepe in halfe a pint of good Aqua vitae according to the measure of Paris about three ounces of Cinnaâ—on well shaued by the space of three dayes in the end whereof let the said water ruâ—ne through a cleane linnen cloth and dissolue therein an ounce of fine Sugar after put thereto about the third part of old red Rose water and let all stand together in a bottle of glasâ—e to vse when need requireth This water is principally good for all the diseases of the Mother as also for Fainting Swowning weakenesse
of the Stomacke difficultie of Breathing of making Water and manie others To cause the after-birth to come forth the remedies next aboue deliuered are very good and profitable but aboue the rest it is good to drinke with white Wine or Hippocras warme the powder of Beanes or the flowers of Saffron or the flowers of Marigolds For the Throwes which come after child-birth vnto women you must giue to drinke a spoonefull of the foresaid Claret water or of the water of Peach flowers Nutmeg Carabe and Ambergrise you must make a Cataplasme to apply vnto the belly with the yolkes of egges hard roasted or fried with oyle of Nuts and Iasmines putting thereto of the seeds of Aâ—â—â—se and Cummin powdred the flower of Beanes fresh Butter and oyle of Rue and Dill. If the Matrix after child-birth be out of frame it is good to apply vnto the belly a Cataplasme made of Cowes Sheepes or Goats dung adding thereto the seeds of Cummin Fennell Anniâ—e and Parsley with a quantitie of very good wine and for want of this Cataplasme the belly may be couered all ouer with the kawle of a newslaughtered Sheepe or Goat as also to haue a dish of the Plane tree or a test of earth and after you haue rubbed the edges of the said test or earthen drinking-pot with a head of Garlicke to apply it vnto the Nauell For the Rupture otherwise called the falling of the guts downe into the flanke it is good to apply vnto the place a Cataplasme made of the flower of Beanes and thâ— lees of white Wine or a Cataplasme made of the root of the great and small Comfrey and of stone-Pitch with a little Masticke or double linnen clothes dipped in the iuice or liquor which commeth out of the small fruit of the Elme and vpon this Cataplasme to weare a Trusse It is good also to drinke for the space of nine dayes a drinke prepared of the iuice of the roots of Salomons feale and female Feâ—â—â— the â—eaveâ— of Bugle and Sanicle and this to the quantitie of a small draught Or else 〈◊〉 in the Ouen in a pot well luted red Snayles make them into powder and 〈◊〉 of this powder for the space of fifteene dayes or longer if need be with such 〈◊〉 is made for little infants or with pottage if they be past the Teat For them 〈◊〉 more daintie and delicate you shall distill the said Snayles in Maries Bath and 〈◊〉 of the distilled water to drinke the same space of time or else make a powder of 〈◊〉 mosse of the blacke Thorne drinke of it with thicke red wine the weight of a 〈◊〉 crowne euerie morning applying in the meane time a certaine pap or thicke 〈◊〉 substance such as is to be had in the Paper-Mills and tye vpon it a Trusse For paine in 〈◊〉 feet and hands boyle a good handfull of Mugwort in a sufficient quantitie of 〈◊〉 Oliue vnto the spending of the third part make thereof an Oyntment for the 〈◊〉 place Giue also to drinke the weight of a French crowne of the seeds of 〈◊〉 with the decoction of one of the hearbes called Arthritica For the Sciatica you 〈…〉 to the grieued place a Cataplasme made of the crummes of Citizens bread 〈◊〉 or boyled in Cow or Sheepes milke putting thereto two yolkes of egges and a 〈◊〉 little Saffron otherwise there must be prouided a Cataplasme of the roots of 〈◊〉 and Holyhocks the leaues of March Violets and of Mallowes the flowers of â—â—â—momill and Melilote all boyled in the water-broth of Tripes after washt and wrougâ—â—â—ogether with yolks of egges flower of Liâ—seed Hogges greaâ—e and oyle of Camomill 〈◊〉 else and more easily you must make a Cataplasme with Cowes dung flower of Beaneâ— Branne Wheat Cummin seed all beat and made into a mash with honied vineger it is true that if the grieued part doe grow vnto a whitish colour and be much puffed vp it will be good to adde vnto the former Cataplasmes stone-Pitch and a little Brimstone It will be good also to draw the iuice of Danewoâ—t of Elder and Iuie and to boyle them afterward with oyle of Rue and Wormes and with a little Wax to make a Limment A Cataplasme made of the dung of an Oxe or a Cow and wrapt in the leaues of the Vine or of Coleworts and heated among the embers And in case you would draw out of the vttermosâ— part vnder the skinne that which is setled in the inner places of the ioints then apply this Cataplasme made of the dung of Stock-doues or House-doues an ounce of Mustard and Cresses seed of each two drammes oyle of old Tyles an ounce mixe all these very well together For the shaking of the parts of the bodie vse a long time the decoction of one of the hearbes Arthriticae called 〈◊〉 and Sage eat also oftentimes of Pine Apples For Sinewes oppressed take the ripe seed of Danewort put it in a violl halfe full fill it vp with oyle Oliue stop it verie close and let it boyle foure and twentie houres in a Posnet full of hot water and as oft as the hot water shall be boyled away you must put other in place of it all the time of the foure and twentie houres which being expired take away the said violl of water and set it in a dunghill tenne whole dayes You may also make oyle of Danewort for the same purpose fill an earthen vessell well leeded to the halfe with the iuice of the leaues of Danewort and powre thereupon so much of oyle Oliue set this vessell well stopt with paste in an Ouen after the bread is drawne there let it stand till the iuice be wasted keepe this Oyle for Sinewes that are cold and benummed Or more easily apply vnto the place the dung of an Oxe or a Cow fried with strong vineger or the oyle of Acornes or the gumme of the wild Peare-tree softened with Capons greaâ—e or the oyle of Linden or Iesamine tree For the prickings of Sinewes take Snayles with their shells bruise them and adde thereto a little of the flying dust that is to be gathered vpon the walls of the Mill-house and apply it to the place pricked or else rub it with the oyle of Wormes For Sinewes that are pained take raw Wormes of the earth bray them and lay them hastily and with speed vnto the benummed sinewes Or else infuse in the Sunne the flowers of Elder in the oyle of Nuts and rub therewith the pained sinew 〈…〉 and chafe the fame with the oyle of Balsam For all other sorts of paines in the ioynts it is good to make an emplaister 〈…〉 iuice of red Coleworts and Danewort the flower of Beanes flowers of 〈◊〉 and Roses made in powder and to apply them vnto the pained place Other 〈…〉 in thinne shauings the root of the great Comfrey whiles it is yet greene and 〈…〉 pluckt vp our of the earth spread that which you haue
of the Sunne but hath the shadowes of some Trees the top of a Mountaine 〈…〉 other such like thing It hath a verie astringent power as also it is verie 〈◊〉 by which after the manner of Comfrey it healeth wounds vlcers and fistulaes 〈◊〉 well inward as outward it stayeth rheumes and bloudie fluxes healeth the 〈…〉 the mouth and the inflamation thereof Which is more it is verie singular to prouoke vrine and to breake the stone Saxifrage as well the great as the small delighteth in a drie ground chalâ—â—â— clayie sandie stonie and altogether barren And it is sowne of small seedes which are found hanging to the rootes thereof It prouoketh vrine and so driueth foorth the grauell of the reines and bladder If you boyle the root and 〈◊〉 thereof in Wine it procureth Women also their termes and bringeth ou◠〈◊〉 after-birth The great and small Burre otherwise called Bardana and of the Greeke◠〈…〉 hath not need of anie great tilling for it will grow either of seed or 〈◊〉 in a leane ground that is drie and vntilled as wee may well see in ditches 〈◊〉 it groweth without anie labour at all and in the high wayes and by-pâ—â—h ◠〈◊〉 the fields The rootes seedes and iuice of the great and small Burre are verie 〈…〉 prouoke vrine to breake the stone of the reines and bladder and to stay the 〈◊〉 flux The iuice is drunke with white Wine or alone and the seed in like manner which is sometimes for the more pleasantnesse sake confected or couered with Sâ—gar The leaues stampt with a little salt and applyed vnto the bitings or 〈…〉 Adders mad Dogges or other venimous Beasts are verie soueraigne The rootes 〈◊〉 seedes of small Burre stampt and layd on cold swellings and rebellious 〈…〉 verie profitable and good Star-thistle so called because it hath little heads at the tops of his stakes 〈…〉 Thistles haue set round about with sharpe prickes after the manner of 〈…〉 groweth in vnhusbanded grounds as well of his root as of his seed Some doe 〈◊〉 esteeme of the seed made into powder and drunke in wine for to prouoke 〈◊〉 and to auoid grauell and herein it is of so great vertue as that the much vse of it 〈◊〉 cause one to pisse bloud sometimes The decoction of the root with honey after 〈◊〉 manner of a honied water doth the like but more gently and without 〈…〉 partie for to pisse bloud Maries Thistle otherwise called Spina alba or white and siluer Thistle or 〈◊〉 Artichoke or Asse-Thistle because that Asses delight much to eat it doth 〈◊〉 fat and well tilled ground and other ordering like to that of Beets and it 〈…〉 that it letteth not to grow in vntilled and vnhusbanded grounds The seed and 〈◊〉 haue as it were the like power to take away obstructions to prouoke vrine and it breake the stone that Star-thistle hath The Italians vse the roots thereof in Salads after the manner of Artichokes and good wines to gather the milke of it for to eat Some make a Ptisane with the root of this Thistle made in powder the seed of Fennell and a little long Pepper to giue to Nurses to vse which haue small store of milke The distilled water of the leaues is good against paine in the sides being drunke with halfe a dramme of the seed of the same hearbe Siluer-grasse so called because the leaues doe resemble siluer on the backe-side doth delight in a moist and grassie ground howsoeuer vnhusbanded it be It hath one excellent propertie aboue all other hearbes for to breake the stone to heale vlcers and malignant wounds within the bodie to stay the bloudie flux and to dissoluâ— cluttered bloud being taken in drinke Some say that if you put it in halfe a basin full of cold water and couer that basin with another basin or vessell or other couering that there will gather great store of vapours in the hollow of the thing couering it and will turne into the forme of distilled water and that this water thus gathered is verie good to take away the spots freckles staines and dye of the Suâ—ne out of the face Patience doth willingly grow in coole and moist grounds and we see it ordinarily to grow neere vnto Riuers and little Brookes The root by reason of the great bitternesse and desiccatiue power hath singular commendation against the Plague for being dried and powdred and afterward drunke with wine it driueth away all venime from the heart by the aboundance of sweat which it procureth Some foâ— this purpose take away the rinde and core of this root stamping it in vineger and after making a drinke of the vineger the iuice of Rue and Treacle for to take in pestilent Agues The powder of this root drunke with wine is excellent for the suffocations of the Matrix and the wringing throwes of the bellie This powder also killeth the Wormes healeth maligne Vlcers the falling of the haire called Tinea and the Kibes the Farcie in Horses whether it be taken inwardly or applyed outwardly either in iuice or in the decoction thereof Scabious groweth in the same ground that Patience doth that is to say in woods vntilled places and especially in sandie places It is verie proper and appropriate vnto the Cough and diseases of the Lungs foâ— the same purpose also the iuice is sometime extracted sometime the hearbe it selfe made into powder and sometime the decoction of it is made to endure for a long time Likewise there is sometime conserue made of the flowers His leaues or rootes applyed to itchie places and the places bare of haire or mixed with oyles and ointments doe great good vnto the same as also vnto plaguie carbuncles for they being rubbed with the iuice of Scabious will be found to vanish away within three houres The iuice of Scabious drunke in the quantitie of foure ounces with a dramme of Treacle not yet one day old is a singular remedie against the Plague so that afterward the partie sweat in his bed and withall continue the drinke for manie times The same remedie serueth for the bitings of venimous beasts if besides the drinke you apply outwardly vnto the soare the leaues of the same hearbe bruised A Liniment made of the iuice of Scabious the powder of Borace and a little Camphire is singular against tettars itch freckles and other infections or desilements of the skin Aboue all other things the decoction of Scabious being drunke the space of fortie daies doth heale the tettar throughly yea though it came of the Pocks as I my selfe haue oftentimes proâ—ed by experience Scolopendrium or rough Spleene-wort called also Harts-tongue would be planted in a stonie and grauellie ground which is moistened with some running Brooke and for want of this it must be often watered The rootes thereof must neuer be pulled vp but onely the leaues cut for it cannot be sowne seeing it bringeth forth no seed The decoction thereof made
small branches for in these they greatly reioyce and profit mightily â—â—uing them in stead of dung You may either digge the kernell into the ground and burie it or else plant of the siences neere the tops of hills and mountaines whether 〈◊〉 be in a high or low place in October Nouember December and Ianuarie You may graft them in Nouember or according to Palladius from the twelfth day of December vnto the first of Februarie The best is to graft them in Februarie and in March albeit that it be the best cutting of all trees that yeeld gumme when the gumme is not yet rising or after it is quite gone downe and returned from whence it rise Lastly Cherrie-trees neuer thriue so well being nothing done vnto but planted as when they are graâ—â—ed they delight to haue their dried branches often weeded out from themselues and the siences growing at their foot they delight also to be set in holeâ— and pits that are digged and cast and to be often digged about And if you would hasteâ— and cause them to bring forth their fruit sooner you must lay Quicke lime to the foot of them or else water their roots often with warme water but then such fruit is 〈◊〉 altered and made worse retaining but little of his naturally goodnesse euen as 〈◊〉 will proue and find by the hastie Cherries which the inhabitants of Poictiou send 〈◊〉 vpon horsebacke They may be grafted vpon the Plum-tree and Corneile-tree but best vpon one of their owne kind in such sort as that sweet Cherrie-trees being grafted vpon 〈◊〉 Cherrie-trees doe beare a more soft Cherrie than those are which grow vpon sweet Cherrie-trees grafted into sweet Cherrie-trees Cherries grow fairest vpon small Cherrie-trees and more plentifully also than they doe vpon high and tall ones Wherefore who so shall graft the small Cherrie-tree vpon the great shall procure greater store of fruit and more thicke ones such as are the wild Cherries and also 〈◊〉 haue more store of great boughs than those trees haue which doe but as it were 〈◊〉 on the earth In like manner if when you graft them you set the bud and the 〈◊〉 of the graft below the boughes that grow forth thereupon will fall out after 〈◊〉 like manner The Coeurs and Agriots may be grafted vpon the common sweet Cherrie-tree but better vpon wild ones than vpon garden ones We must therefore acknowledge eight sorts of Cherries growing vpon Cherrie-trees that is to say those which are properly Cherries hauing a verie short stalke round apple being also red fleshiâ—â— full of iuice sharpe and hauing a sweet kernell wild Cherries which haue but a liâ—tle flesh on them but are red also on that side toward the Sunne and white on the other side the stone cleaâ—ing to the flesh blacke Cherries whose iuice is so blacke as that it coloureth the hands and lippes bitter Cherries which are somewhat of a bitter tast whereof they haue their name Guyens Cherries so called because their first originall was in Guyenne they are long ones and manie hanging together at one stalke they are also verie sweet Piugarres and these are grosse thicke ones white hauing a hard flesh but sweet and cleauing vnto the kernell Coeurs which are like vnto a mans heart as well without as within their kernall some doe call these Cherries Heaumes and the Cherry-tree Heaumier especially in the Countrey of Aniou Agriâ—ts which are ripe last of all are sharpe relished and endure carriage farre off and they are also the same which are wont to be preserued Of the speciall properties and vertues of the Cherry and Cherry-tree see the nineâ—â—enth chapter of this Booke wherein is declared how the Cherry may be made to grow without anie stone If the Cherry-tree be hurt of Pisâ—â—ires you must rubbe his stocke with the iuice of Purcelane if it be too full of sappe you must make a hole in the principall root Cherries how faire soeuer they be yet they are of small nourishment beget â—uill humours in the stomack and wormes in the bodie and such are those especially which â—re called Coeurs The sharpe sweet Cherries are verie delicate fit to preserue with Sugar as well for such as are found as for them which are sicke The bitter Cherries â—re good raw but better drie and in sawces pastes and tart stuffe The sweet Cherâ—ies are chiefely commended in that they make the bodie soluble as the sharpe or â—ager ones doe bind it coole it and temper the heat of choler The gumme of Cherry-tree drunke with white wine doth breake the stone as well of the reines as of the â—ladder The water of Cherries newly gathered being distilled with a gentle fire and taken at the mouth in the quantitie of halfe an ounce doth put off the fit of the â—alling sicknesse a thing verie happily and with good successe tryed in manie as Manardus assureth vs. CHAP. XXV Of the Quince-tree ALl Quince-trees as well that of the Garden as the wild one and of the Garden ones as well the male as the female desireth a cold ground and especially that which is moist withall notwithstanding that we haue seene them as well to grow in the places lying open to the Sunne as at Conâ—lans a place belonging to Monsieur de Ville-roy neere vnto Paris but yet indeed not farre off from a Riuer and this kind of tree doth so much craue to haue the companie of moisture as that if the time fall out drie the necessitie thereof must be â—upplyed by watering of it and if for want of moist and waterish ground it be set 〈◊〉 a drie ground or in a stonie or clayie ground it must then also be often refreshed with water and must also be vnder-digged and laboured about the foot that so the â—â—â—et of the night may pierce and sinke downe vnto the roots that so it may bring â—orth good fruit and good store thereof When it is planted of rootes it growâ—â—th so well as that the second yeare it beareth fruit but it beareth not so soone when it is planted of branches It would be planted during the encrease of the Moone in the moneths of Februarie or Nouember This tree is verie commonly vsed to graft other trees vpon because they being grafted thereupon doe continue and endure longer and beare a more delicate fruit than if they were grafted vpon trees of their owne kind The best time for the gathering of this fruit is in the moneth of October when that blasting comes and it groweth to be of a golden colour for this is a signe that it is ripe and this must bee in cleare and faire weather and in the decrease of the Moone and then you must cleanse it from the mossie hoarinesse that is vpon it and lay them out orderly in the Sunne vpon hurdles If the Quince-tree make anie shew of being sicke you must water it with the â—â—â—lings of oyle mingled with equall quantitie of water or else with Quicke lime
it causeth a good memorie taketh away the paine of the teeth breaketh the stone healeth the dropsie preserueth from venime such as haue swallowed any spider if it be drunke presently after The water of Gentian Take foure pound of the new rootes or rather of the dried rootes of Gentian chop them small infuse them in wine or besprinkle them only then afterward distill them This water is singular against the plague all sorts of venime the stone as well of the reines as of the bladder and to heale inward Apostumes and vlcers The vvater of pellitorie Take the rootes of pellitorie new or old cut them small and infuse them in verie good Wine the water is good for no appease the ach of the teeth to strengthen them and keepe them cleane if the mouth be washed therewith in the morning or else when it seemeth good to doe it To make water of eye-bright Take the leaues and flowers of eye-bright distill them the water thereof doth cleare the sight The vvater of Nicotian is distilled as the other going before but of this vve haue largely discoursed in the second Booke and haue shewed that it hath maruellous effects against the Noli me tangere cankers ringwormes scabs shortnesse of breath and the dropsie In this sort also you must distill Paules betonie the vvater whereof is singular to heale wounds scabbes and other diseases of the skinne The vse of this vvater is veâ—â—e excellent for the leprosie pestilent feauers obstructions of the liuer and spleene and exulceration of the lungs In this sort also is Mouse-â—are distilled whereof vve â—â—ue spoken in his place in the second Booke The vvater of hyssope must be distilled vpon hote ashes it is excellent for the paine of the teeth to prouoke vvomens termes for the cough and other diseases of the lungs The water of turneps Take whole turneps with their skins and all or else the skin alone you shall distill a water especially of the pilling or skin which will be profiâ—able to prouoke vrine and sweatâ—ng Water of lymons or the juice of them doth helpe verie profitably in the stone of 〈◊〉 reines The water of fennell Take the rootes and leaues and distill them or else boyle â—hem in water afterward put them all hot into a tin or copper platter and couer the 〈◊〉 vvith another platter the liquor vvhich shall be vpon the vppermost platter â—hall be kept in a viole to put a drop or two thereof into the corner of the eye for the â—iseases of the eye Water of parsley of the garden Stampe in a morter the leaues of parsely then diâ—till them it cleanseth the stomacke and comforteth the reines After the same manner are distilled the waters of smallage basill buglosse miâ—es cammomile marigolds Carduus benedictus clarie succorie capillus Veneâ—iâ— cheâ—uile endâ—ue aller fumitorie broome Iuie horse-taile lauander marierom mehloâ— mallowes holihocke vvater lillies nigella organie pionie poppie pellitorie of the wall burnet plantaine purcelaine penniryall rue rosemarie madder sage sauorie scabious scolopendrium nightshade houseleeke willow leaues groundswell thyme white mulleine tansey valerian veruaine of the flowers and leaueâ— of the stinging nettle as well as of the dead nettle and of many other plants obseruing the generall precepts which we haue set downe before This is the manner of distilling cinnamome Take a pound of fine cinnamome breake it lightly and infuse it a certaine time in the distilled water of Roses the quantâ—tie of foure pounds and of verie good white wine halfe a pound after put it all into a glasse-still to be distilled either vpon hot ashes or else in Maries-bath such water is forcible against all cold diseases especially of the stomacke spleene liuer braine matrix sinews faintings and swoâ—nings to prouoke the termes of women and retayned vrine to stay vomits to represse the malignitie of all sorts of cold venime and for the deliuerie of woâ—en that are in trauell of child Rose-water is distilled either of new roses or of drie roses and they are either white or carnation The fashion and manner of distilling of it is diuers for sometimes it is distilled by defluction tending downeward vvhich is called in Latine Distillatio per descensum according to the matter which we shall declare in the seuentie first Chapter hereafter following Sometimes it is distilled by insolation as we will likewise shew in the same place sometimes and that oftest as also best in Maries-bath and before the distilling of it if the roses be drie it is good to moisten them vvith the vapour of some boyling water or some Roses The water which is distilled of red Roses is more cordiall and corroboratiue as that which is made of white roses is more cooling Then to distill good rose-water you must infuse roses in distilled Rose-water or else in the juice drawne from them and that by the space of two or three dayes your vessell being well lured and stopt and afterward put them in a glasse-still couered with his head and they both well luted and fitted one to another and finally set them thus conjoyned in your vessell of Maries-bath Water of Orange-flowers called water of Naffe being distilled by a bell is good to procure vomit as also to make a good smell The water of vvild Apples and of Oke Apples vnripe of chesnuts and of veriuice that is halfe ripe is good against the red pimples and hard knobbes in the face The vvaters of flowers as of Rosemarie vvhich is good to rejoyce the 〈◊〉 of Elder-Tree vvhich keepeth the face cleare from Sunne-burning of Marigolds vvhich comforteth the eyes and such others are distilled after the manner of Rose-water CHAP. LXVI Of the manner of distilling liquors WE haue heretofore declared that the singular and rare efficacie and 〈◊〉 of things distilled haue in such sort rauished and carried away the spirits and studies of men as that there is scarce any thing to be found vvhich hath any good propertie and speciall qualitie in it but it 〈◊〉 beene brought vnder the yoke of distillation But in this place I call liquor all thâ—â— which hath a liquid consistence vvhether it be juice humour excrement or any such like floting thing as vvine vinegar honie vrine juice of hearbes of fruitâ—â— and you cannot but thinke that the juice of hearbes or fruits being distilled doth afford a farre better water than that which is distilled of hearbes yea or of fruits either We will begin therefore with distilled vvine Aqua-vitae is thus distilled notwithstanding that all manner of Wine is fit to make Aqua-vitae of so that it be not sowre spent or otherwise tainted yet indeede the strongest and noblest Claret vvine is the best vvhether pallet and inclining to vvhite or high coloured and inclining to red Take then of claret vvine a certayne quantitie according to the bignesâ—e of the vessell wherein you distill
matter as you shall know to be necessarie for the present disease as conserues of roses and buglosse damaske raisins the powders of the electuaries of precious stones aromaticum rosatum and such like things and finally distill them after the manner aboue specified Some there are vvhich vvill not make any restoratiues but of capons-flesh the oldest they can get such they strangle and plucke by feather and feather not vsing the helpe of any hot vvater then they take out the entrailes and chop them small adding thereto flowers or conserues of buglosse burrage damaske raisins mundified barley whole coriander-seed pearles powder of the electuarie diarrhodon or some other like vnto it and the leaues of gold they distill all together and cause it to be giuen to sicke persons women in child-bed and old folke To make a restoratiue in shorter time and that vpon the sudden with lesse cost charges as also paine and labour chop your flesh small after the manner alreadie deliuered put it into a glasse viole or bottle of a sufficient bignesse and in such sort as that all your peeces of flesh be strung or put vpon a double threed and hold one by another and the double threed vvhereupon they hang be vvithout the bottle which must be well stopt aboue with a linnen or cotten cloth wet in a mixture made vvith whites of egges and barley â—lower set this bottle in a caldron full of water boyling at a small fire and there let it stand foure houres more or lesse vntill such time as a good part of the flesh bee conuerted into moisture See that the bottle stand in the vvater vp to the necke and that it touch not the bottome of the caldron and vvithall vvell stayed vp on euerie side that so it may not slip or bend more one vvay than another When the foure houres are spent rebate the fire gently that so the bottle also may coole by little and little vvhich if so bee that you should take all hote out of the water it vvould breake presently Afterward vnstop the bottle vvith vvarme vvater if you cannot vvell otherwise and then draw forth the string and the flesh softly that so the liquor may remaine alone straine the vvater after the manner of Hypocras and aromatize it vvith Sugar and Ciâ—â—â—mome that so it may be giuen to the sicke that are vvasted You may after this manner make restoratiues such like as you shall thinke good either cheaper or dearer more or lesse pleasant and delicate and more or lesse medicinable as occasion may require CHAP. LXIX The manner of distilling compound waters WAters are not onely distilled of one onely or simple plant liquor or other matter but also of many mixt together and such vvaters are called compounded vvaters by reason of the mixture of many things These compound vvaters are of three sorts some are for physick othersome for sweetnesse and the other for â—ukes and painting as ornaments to the bodie vve vvill first and before the rest speake of those which serue for medicine and physicke Sage water compounded Take equall parts of sage and penniryall stampe them in a mortar and distill them This water taketh away the paine of the bellie and stayeth cold rheumes if it be drunke with a little quantitie of castoreum Water of turneps compounded Take turneps either garden or wild ones or both together the roots of smallage and parsley and anise-seed infuse them all in white wine or vinegar and distill the vvater as good against grauell Angelica water Take equall parts of Angelica as well the rootes as the leaues but especially the rootes and the flowers of lauander infuse them in Wine there will distill from them a singular water against the Falling-sicknesse if it be taken in the quantitie of two or three spoonefulls Water of Celandine Gather in the beginning of the moneth of May the leaues of celandine veruaine rue and fennell pound them and draw from euerie one of them three ounces of juice vvhich you shall mix together put vnto them some buds of roses of sugar-candie three ounces of verie good Tutia foure ounces and as much of dragons bloud distill them all in a stillitorie This vvater taketh away the rednesse and spots in the eyes Water of the Vine Take the vvater that distilleth from the vine-stockes at such time as they are cut vvhich is in the Spring-time distill it with like quantitie of honie this vvater healeth itchings heat and rednesse of the eyes the verie vvater of of the vine alone vndistilled doth the like Rose-water Take roses three parts fennell and rue of each one part shred them small and mingle them verie well together afterward distill them and let the distilling vvater fall into a vessell wherein is a handfull of the foresaid hearbes this vvater preserueth the sight if the eyes be vvashed therewith in Sommer Water of Eye-bright Take Celandine Fennell Rue Eye-bright Veruaine red Roses of each halfe a pound Cloues and Long-pepper of each two ounces bruise them all and distill them in a glasse stillitorie This vvater is singular good for a vveake sight Water of Rosemarie Take Aqua-vitae distilled of white Wine the distilled vvater of rosemarie and sage of each fiue pound of sugar two pound in these infuse of the flowers of sage and rosemarie for the space of eight daies of each two ounces straine them and keepe the water to heale the fistulaes of the eyes Water of Treacle Distill in a glasse stillitorie Treacle with a like quantitie of Aqua-vitae and Vinegar This vvater is good to touch the vlcers and rawnesse of the mouth vvithall especially if there be added vnto it a little bole-armoniacke Another Treacle water Take old Treacle a pound of the rootes of Enula campana Gentian Cypers Tormentill of each an ounce of blessed Thistle halfe an ounce of conserues of Borage Buglosse and Rosemarie of each an ounce infuse them all together in three pints of white Wine a pint and a halfe of Cesterne water and two pints of Rose-water distill them Water of Cloues Take equall parts of Cloues Ginger and flowers of Rosemarie infuse them in verie good Wine the space of eight daies distill the whole This vvater comforteth the stomacke assuageth the paines and vvringings of the bellie killeth vvormes and maketh fat folke to become leane or maketh fat the leane if they drinke it mixt with sugar Water of Saxifrage Take of the juice of Saxifrage two pound of the juice of Pearlewort Parsley Anise and Clotburre of each halfe a pound of vvhite Vinegar eight ounces distill them all This vvater drunke in the morning breaketh the stone Water of Swallowes Take Swallowes and drie them in an ouen make them into powder mixe it vvith a little Castoreum and a little Vinegar distill it all this water cureth the Falling-sicknesse if it be drunke foure
be good regard giuen vnto the outward signes by them to know the mischiefe that lurketh vvithin and that no lesâ—e in the behalfe of birds than generally of all other creatures Wherefore I haue endeuoured my selfe briefely to collect and gather into this Chapter vvhatsoeuer hath beene deliuered scatteringly and diffusedly elsewhere in the touching of the infirmities and diseases that are incident vnto birds and of the knowledge thereof for the benefit and instruction of such as would know the diseases whereunto such birds as they delight in and loue to keepe are subâ—ect Birds therefore are subiect amongst other diseases vnto impostumes vvhich doe happen vnto them and appeare in the head of a yellow colour as great as a Hemp-seed yea sometimes as bigge as a Pease a disease commonly haunting all birds especially those which are of a hot complexion Another kind of disease with which birds are troubled is called the subtle disease Pthisis for the bird that is troubled with this disease swelleâ—h in her bodie as hauing it euerie where beset with veines full of bloud the breast notwithstanding being thin and leane and furthermore the bird so diseased doth nothing but take â—ast away or ouer-turne her meat and Hempe-seed The gowâ— is another sort of disease common vnto birds and vexing them â—ore for when as they are diseased thereof they can neither stirre nor stand because of the paine they doe endure This disease is knowne by the roughnesse of their legges and feet The difficultie of breathing or hard drawing of their breath troubleth them also and it is knowne by their hoarâ—enesâ—e so as that they cannot vtter their tâ—nes or if they doe yet very hâ—rshly and imperfectly or else by their not saying any thing at all You shall lay your hand vpon her breast and by that also you shall perceiue it for you shall feele an extraordinarie beating as shewing it selfe to come from some oppression and great difficultie by all which you may gather for certaine that she is infected with this disease Oftentimes it likewise commeth to passe that they crie and cast forth lamentable noises complaining themselues vvhich declareth euidently that they haue the disease called Asthma or shortnesse of breath Birds also oftentimes fall blind vvhich if it be not quickly helped they vvill neuer be cured and this disease is perceiued by the trickling of teares from their eyes and by certaine feathers about their eyes vvhich doe curle and crooke by turning in againe The falling sicknesse is likewise incident vnto birds vvhereof they are scarce euer cured for there is no other remedie for it but to keepe the bird vvhich you bring vp from the Sunne in Summer if she escape the first time you must cut the nailes of her feet and besprinkle her well with good wine purge her oft Some say That birds are subiect to the disease called the Pip vvhich is false for the disease which they call the Pip is not the Pip in effect but another disease which groweth in the bills of birds for which it is good to vse this remedie Take the seed of Melons and steeping them in pure water make them to drinke thereof three or foure daies and perceiuing the bird to grow better you shall giue her a little fine Sugar tempered likewise with sugred water It is hard to know when the bird hath the disease of the rumpe and for my part I cannot tell how to giue you a better signe thereof than her growing melancholike as by surceasing and abstaining to sing The remedie is to cut away halfe of the sharpe point which she hath there for you shall not deuise to do her so great good any other waies This is a griefe which all birds are troubled withall euen those that are kept in the cage Besides the diseases before named birds haue sometimes the flux of the bâ—lly which is known by their making of their dung more thinne and liquid than ordinarily they were wont by the beating of their taile and in that they keepe it close and neere together The remedie is to cut the feathers of their taile and those also which are about the fundament annointing it with a little oyle And in stead of Hempe-seed you shall giue her the seedes of Melons for the space of two daies But and if these be birds which vse not to eate any Hempe-seed but heart or paste deferre not to take it from her and in place thereof to giue her hard rosted egges in such sort as we haue said before CHAP. LXVII Of the diseases that happen particularly to euerie particular sort of birds AS concerning old Nightingales of the cage they are subiect vnto gowts and conuulsions in the breast vnto which diseases the solitarie Sparrow is also subiect besides the falling sicknesse or giddinesse of the head The Linnet is troubled with the subtile or close and secret disease more than any other bird as also with hot apostemes conuulsions and gowts The Finch is wont to haue impostumes and the subtile disease The Siskin on the contrarie is not to subiect vnto diseases both because she is of a better complexion as also of more strength And this is the cause likewise why she seldome times falleth blind The Spinke is more subiect to blindnesse than all the rest and when she is once ouer-runne of this disease she is no more worth any thing for she will euer and anon fall into it againe of set purpose Two only diseases doe voluntarily molest the Goldfinch that is the subtile disease caused through old age and impostumes proceeding of the eating of Hemp-seed The same two diseases we find to befall the Canarie bird of Spaine howbeit the subtile disease is seldome times found to trouble her she is also subiect to the conuulsion and oppression of the breast because of her excessiue naturall heat The Miskin is more subiect vnto the gowt than any bird that is The solitarie Sparrow is haunted with impostumes and melancholie which causeth her often to die The Corydale falleth blind sometimes and sometimes she is troubled with the subtile disease Aâ— it also happeneth vnto the other kind of Lark which hath no crest vpon her head The Calander likewise is subiect vnto the subtile disease apostemes gowts and that which is worse namely to become quickly blind The bird called in Latine Thraupis is likewise very subiect vnto impostumes and oftentimes dieth of fat The strongest and stoutest bird that can be is the Blacke-bird wherein I cannot find any disease to kill her except old age which is the common maladie deuouring all mortall things Fat and impostumes doe sometimes hurt the Throstle as also the disease of the rumpe which is likewise common to all birds that are kept in the cage CHAP. LXVIII Birds are to be purged at what time and how oft in the yere NIghtingales and all other kind of
great Sand is fast and yellowish it is then found to be good for Corne and when it is white and drie it is good for Wood and wild fruits But it behoueth the Farmer to apply himselfe vnto the nature and temper of his field and according vnto it to sow and plant in euery place such things as are best agreeing with them as Pulse Millet Panicke Ryce Lentils Fetches and other things which doe not require great store of fatnesse But in our English Soyles we find that our sandie and hard grounds doe beare best Barley at their first breaking or when they are fattest after Rye Oats Fetches or Tare The strong heartie and fat Soyle is good for Vineyards and is apt to beare great store of Wheat-Corne foreseene that the yeare be drie especially in the moneth of May but small store of any other encrease yea and if the times be much giuen to raine they will beare but a little Corne and great store of chaffe Yet if the Seeds-man haue a carefull hand in the bestowing of his seed and doe not as it were cloy or choake his ground therewith these fat Soyles will beare very well and sufficiently the first yeare either whole Straw-Wheat Pollard-Wheat or Barley and the second yeare Beanes Pease or both mixed together and the third yeare Wheat or Rye or both mixed together which is called Maslyne or blend Corne. A raw rough and tough Soyle is hard to till and will neither bring forth Corne nor any other thing without great labour howsoeuer the seasons be temperate in moisture and drinesse To helpe the same you must labour it most exquisitely harrow it and manure it verie oft with great store of dung so you shall make it better and lesse subiect to the iniuries of the Sunne Winds and Frost but especially desire that they may not be watered with raine for water is as good as a poyson to them The Clay and strong ground as that in Bresse and other plaâ—es of Partois craueth great and deepe furrowes when it is eared and euerie where else as euen in the verie places where stones lye deepe and ouer-couered againe with good earth and this to the end that the water may the better be conueyed away which is naturally mixt therewith and cannot so easily depart by reason of the clammâ—e sliminesse of the earth This plot is not so fit either for Trees or Vines except it be for some fruit Trees and those well husbanded and nourished If you build there then doe it vpon some high ground and neere ynough vnto the Riuer and cause the Easterne and Northerne quarter because such places are subiect verie much to putrifaction and verie vnwholesome The territories of Croye and Ardose are more sound and wholesome though they be more barren but it must be made better and much mended and employed onely to that which it delighteth in for the Baylife of the Husbandrie ought to know the nature of the ground and not to force it to beare that which is contrarie vnto it notwithstanding whatsoeuer you doe vnto it for the bettering of it for of forced grounds there comes as much profit as there doth of beasts by violence vsed towards them For suppose you may compell them yet it shall be to your great cost and charges by reason of their hurts maladies and otherwise for such cattell commonly stand not in good plight and state The old Prouerbe also saith That a Householder should giue greater heed vnto his profit and the holding out or continuing of that which he hath vnder his hand than to his pleasure and rare commoditie Euerie Countrie fit for good Vineyards is stonie and grauellie or full of pebbles and is found to be better on the South quarters or on the descent of the Hill lying on the side toward the Riuer This place is not so good for Corne in the plaine or â—lat places thereof you must make it better and dung it Make your buildings there on the sloping side which looketh into the Southeast where you may not remoue your selfe farre from the Riuer for the reason afore giuen The best Soyle is that which is blacke crumbling and easily turned ouer that is to say which easily falleth into small pieces in ones hand and feeleth light sweet and fat in handling like to that which is found in the countrey of Tourraine Maine and Anjou which are fertile in all manner of fruitfulnesse and aboundance of goods rich in Hills Vallies Pasture-grounds Vale-grounds Vineyards and all sorts of fruits but vpon good cause they giue place to Prouence part of Languedoc and Guienne and the better places of Aquitaine all which by reason of the heat of the South Sunne bring forth not onely in greater aboundance but their fruits of all sorts of better qualities and more forcible This is the land of Promise in our France and hath no discommoditie saue that of the Southerne wind which they call Austrault which except it be tempered by the Northerne winds doth almost euerie yeare engender vnhappie calamities both in men and beasts Wherefore in this Countrie the dwelling places and buildings must be set vpon a Hill and the South wind shut out and denâ—ed all entrance by lights except when it shall be needfull in the depth of Winter But to speake generally the Soyle may be knowne to be good and to beare great store of fruits by these means as if it be somewhat blacke or somewhat yellow if it 〈◊〉 not when it is ill tilled if it become not myrie when great store and abundance of raine shall fall vpon it but drinketh vp all the water that shall fall and therewithall keepe this moisture and refreshment a long time if in Winter time it become not hard in the vpper part thereof if without being husbanded or mended by great labour or fatnesse of dung it bring forth flourishing hearbes timber-trees straight thicke hauing great aâ—â—es and abounding with store of their seuerall fruits and those good and well-rellished in their kinds and if it yeeld great fruitfulnesse of Corne if by being watered or rained vpon it become blowne vp and as it were stretched out and blacke and not hard bound or turned white if the water springing forth of it be sweet or if the greene soddes thereof being broken in pieces and steept two or three houres in water that is sweet and of a good tast doe not marre or make worse the tast of such water which must be tried by tasting of it after that it hath beene strained and clarified For naturally water issuing out from a spring or wrung from something that hath beene steept in it retaineth and carrieth with it the tast of the Earth and on the other side if the Earth steept in Water the same Water doe after such steeping yeeld a sweet and pleasant rellish if cast vp and two or three dayes after throwne into the said ditch againe it
faithfull or that she her selfe be present with them Let her compell her sonnes to be formost at worke and let her shew them the example of their father that this may be as a double spurre vnto the men seruants Let her not endure them to vtter or speake any vnchast word oath or blasphemie in her house and let her cause Tale-bearers to be silent and not to trouble themselues with other folkes matters Let her keepe close vp her Stubble and lopping of Trees for fuell for the Ouen Let her not suffer the stalkes of her Beanes Peason Fetches Thistles Danewort the refuse of pressed things and other vnprofitable hearbes to be lost for in winter they being burnt into ashes will affoord prouision to lay Bucks withall or else be sold by little and little vnto the Towne Let her giue good account vnto the Mistresse or Lord of the Egges and young ones as well of Birds as of other Beasts Let her be skilfull in naturall Physicke for the benefite of her owne folke and others when they shall fall out to be ill and so in like manner in things good for Kine Swine and Fowles for to haue a Physition alwayes when there is not verie vrgent occasion and great necessitie is not for the profit of the house Let her keepe all them of her house in friendly good will one toward another not suffering them to beare malice one against another Let her gouerne her Bread so well as that no one be suffered to vse it otherwise than in temperate sort and in the time of Dearth let her cause to be ground amongst her Corne Beanes Pease Fetches or Sarrasins Corne in some small quantitie for this mingling of these flowers raiseth the paste maketh the Bread light and to be of a greater bulke At the same time she shall reserue the drosse of the Grapes shee presseth affoording them some little corner for the imploying of them in the deâ—raying of some part of charge for the seruants Drinke that so the Wine may serue for her husband and extraordinarie commers But the naturall remedies which shee shall acquaint her selfe withall for the succour of her folke in their sicknesses may be those or such as those are which I shall set downe by writing in manner of a Countrie Dispensatorie leauing the other more exquisite Remedies to bee vsed by the professed Physitions of the great Townes and Cities CHAP. XII The Remedies which a good Huswife must be acquainted withall for to helpe her people when they be sicke FIrst for the Plague shee shall make a distilled water of the hearbe called Regina prati after that shee hath caused the same to be steept in white Wine or else shee shall cause to lye to steepe in the iuice of Citrons a peece of Gold or the powder or leaues thereof for the space of 24 houres and afterward mixe that iuice with white Wine and the powder or decoction of the root of Angelica and so giue it to drinke to the infected Or else let her take two old Walnuts one Figge tenne leaues of Rue one graine of Salt powne and temper them altogether and rost them vnder the ashes and afterward being sprinkled with Wine let her giue them to be eaten Or else let her take one head of Garlicke twentie leaues of Rue as many of Clarey and powne them altogether with white Wine and a little Aqua vitae afterward let her straine them out and giue the partie to drinke thereof a good draught The water of Naphe drunke to the quantitie of six ounces causeth the malignitie of the Plague to breake forth by Sweats the iuice of Marigolds Scabious and of the flowers of Betonie doe the like Apply vpon the swelling a loafe very hot or a Henne â—ut through the middest or a white Onion made hollow on the root side and filled vp againe with good strong Treacle or Mithridate softened with the iuice of Citrons it hauing all this within it and being well stopped must be rosted vnder the ashes till it be rotten after that powne it well in a Mortar and apply it or else if it be strained the iuice drunke and the drossie part applyed to the place you shall perceiue the like effect For a continuall Feauer which is otherwise called the hot Disease shee shall apply vpon either wrest of both the armes the iuice of the stinging Nettle mixed with the oyntment of Poplar buds or two springs of new-layed Egges Soot taken off from the Hub of the Chimney and well beaten togethâ—â— and mixt with salt and strong vineger let her bind the whole vnto the parties wrests with a Linnen Cloth or else in place of this shee shall take away the heart of an Onion and fill it with Mithridate and apply it fast bound vpon the wrest of the right arme or else shee shall take the heart of a water-Frog and apply it vpon the heart or backe bone of the sicke partie or else she shall apply vpon the region of the Liuer or vnto the soles of the seet quicke Tenches Many for this cause doe stampe the small Sorrell and make a drinke for the great heat thereof as also make a Cataplasme thereof to apply to the wrests of the sicke partie Others doe the like with the water which they straine out of a great Citrull Others cause to steepe in water the whole seed of Flea-wort for the space of a night and minister of this water with a little Sugar to the sicke partie to drinke For a Quartane Ague take of small Sage or for want of it the other Hysope Wormewood Parsley Mints Mugwort white spotted Trefoile stampe them all together with the spring of an Egge and the grossest Soot that you shall find cleaâ—ing to the Chimney and of the strongest vineger that may be found infuse them altogether and make thereof Cataplaâ—mes fit to be applyed to the wrests of the hands To the same purpose steepe the crummes of two white Loaues as they come from the Ouen in a quart of Vineger afterward distill the same by a Lâ—â—becke and giue thereof a small draught to the sicke partie to drinke about some two houres before the fit come Some hold it also for a singular remedie to take the iuice of the female white Mulleine before it put forth his stalke pressed or drawne forth with white Wine and drunke a small space before the fit The like effect hath the iuice of Folefoot the decoction of the leaues and rootes of Veruaine boyled in white Wine the decoction of Calaminâ— Peniryall Organie Burrage Buglosse Languede-boeuf the rind of the root of Tamariske Ash-tree Betonâ—e Tyme Agrimonie and the roots of Sperage all boyled in white Wine the iuice of Wormewood and Rue powred from their feelings and drunke before the fit the iuice of Plantaine drunke with honied water Some doe make great account of the powder of the root of Asarum otherwise called Cabaret dryed in the Sunne or in
Mithridate and vpon the right arme the head of a Bat. To cause them to sleepe which cannot well slumber it is good to make a Frontlet with the seed of Poppie Henbane Lettuce and the iuice of Nightshade or the milke of a woman giuing a girle sucke or with the leaues of ground yuâ—e stamped with the white of an egge or put vnder the pillow a Mandrake apple or the greene leaues of Henbane and rub the soles of the feet with the greaâ—e of a Dormouse For the swimming in the Head there is commonly vsed the conserue of the flowers of Betonie or Aqua vitae or the confection called Electuarium Anacardinum To preserue such from the Apoplexie as are subiect vnto it let them drinke in Winter a good spoonefull of Aqua vitae well sugred and let them eat a bit of White bread by and by after or in stead of Aqua vitae let them drinke the Claret water which I will set downe hereafter or of the water of the root of the wild Vine or of the powder of the root thereof continually for the space of a yeare For the Palsie rub the place afflicted with the oyle of Foxes Bayes and Castoreum mixing therewith a little Aqua vitae vse likewise oftentimes the water of Cinnamon and of S. Iohns wort or the conserues of Sage Rosemarie Cowslips Baulâ—â—e and Mithridate make him drie Bathes with the decoction of Lauander Coastmarie Danewort Sage and Marierome To preserue one from the Falling sicknesse otherwise called S. Iohns disease it is a soueraigne thing to drinke for the space of nine dayes a little draught of the iuice of the hearbe Paralysis or Cowsâ—â—ps or of the distilled water of the Linden tree or of Coriander or to vse euerie morning for the space of fortie dayes a powder made of the seed of Pionie and Missletoe of the Oake or of the skull of a Man and more specially of that part of the skull which is neerest vnto the seame of the crowne with neat Wine or with the decoction of Pionie as also to hang about his necke the Missletoe of the Oake or some piece of a mans skull or of the root or seed of male Pionie or of the stone that is found in Swallowes neasts or to weare about his necke or vpon one of his fingers some ring wherein shal be set the bone of the foot of the Oxe called Elam or Alce and that so as that the bone may touch the flesh or bare skin you shall deliuer them that are in that fit if you tickle them and pinch their great toe or rub their lips with mans bloud To take away the rednesse of the Face it is good to wash the face with the decoction of the chaffe of Barley and Oates and to foment it afterward with the iuice of Citrons or else take foure ounces of Peach kernels two ounces of the husked seedes of Gourds bruise them and presse them out strongly to the end they may yeeld their oyle rub or touch with this liquor the pimples or red places To take away the spots of the Face make a composition of the flower of Lupines Goats gall iuice of Limons and verie white Allome touch the spotted places with this oyntment or else make an oyntment with the oyle of bitter Almonds Honey Ireos and Waxe or else rub your face with the bloud of a Cocke Henne or Pigeon or foment it with the water of the flowers of Beanes Orenges or Mulberries For the Kings euill take Leekes with the leaues and roots of the hearbe Patience presse out about some pound of the iuice thereof in which you shall dissolue an ounce of Pellitorie powdred and a scruple of Viridis aeris mixe all verie well together and herewithall you shall daily foment the said disease Hang about your necke the roots of water Betonie and the lesser Plantaine If you cut the foot of a great Witwall or Toad when the Moone is declining and beginneth to ioyne it selfe to the Sunne and that you apply it round about his neck which hath the Kings euill you shall find it verie soueraigne for the said disease The dung of a Cow or Oxe heated vnder the ashes betwixt Vine or Colewort leaues and mingled with Vineger hath a propertie to bring the swelling to ripenesse Or else vse this remedie which is alwayes readie singular good and well approued Take a sufficient quantitie of Nicotiana stampe it in a verie cleane Mortar and apply both the iuice and drossie parts thereof vnto the said tumour together and doe this nine or tenne times The Rheume falling downe vpon the eyes is stayed by a Cataplasme applyed to the browes made of the muscillage of shell-Snailes and corporated with the flower of Frankincense and Aloes well stirred together vntill that the whole become to the thicknesse of Honey For a weake Sight take Fennell Veruaine Clarey Rue Eye-bright and Roses of each a like and distill them all in a Limbecke of this water distilled put three or foure drops in your eyes morning and euening Also the water of young Pies distilled in a Furnace is verie good in like manner the water of rotten Apples putting two or three drops thereof into them It is good for the same disease to take the vapour of the decoction of Fennell Eye-bright and Rue to drinke euerie morning a small draught of Eye-bright wine or to prepare a powder with dried Eye-bright and Sugar to take thereof euerie morning the weight of a French crowne two or three houres before meat There is a stone found within the gall of an Oxe which put into the nosthrils doth maruellously cleare the sight â—o doth the wine made of the root of Maiden haire if it be oft vsed in the morning For the paine of the Eyes it is good to make the decoction of Camomile Melilot and the seed of Fennell in water and white Wine and dipping a foure-fold Linnen Cloth therein and after wringing it well to apply the same oftentimes to the eye or else to lay vpon it womans milke and the white of an egge well beat together The rednesse of the Eyes is amended by the applying of Linnen Clothes or Plegets of Flaxe moistened in the whites of egges well beat together with Rose or Plantaine water or else boyle a sowre and sharpe Apple take the pulpe thereof and mix it with Nurce milke afterward make a little Liniment to be applyed to the red eye-lids In the meane time you may apply to the temples a frontlet made with Prouence Roses or conserue of Roses and other astringent things to the end that the â—heâ—me falling from the braine may be stayed seeing it is the cause of such rednesse Other cause small thinne and daintie slices of Veale or of the necke of an Oxe newly killed to be steeped in womans milke and lay them vpon the eyes laying againe aboue them stupes of Flaxe Some cause little children to
place with a Liniment made of Linseed and the powder of the tooth of a wild Boare or else to apply vnto the place a Cataplasme made of the dung of a young boy of a good constitution fed for the space of three dayes with Lupines and well baked Bread leaâ—ened and salted and hauing Claret Wine to drinke and no other eyther meates or drinkes and adding to the foresaid childs dung an equall quantitie of Honey Against the Pleurisie drinke presently with the syrrup of Violets or some other appropriate to the Breast whatsoeuer the weight of a scruple of Nettle seed or of the Ash Trees or take three ounces of the distilled water of Maries thistle or of Carduus Benedictus or of Broome a spoonefull of white Wine six springs or straines of Egges that are verie new the weight of a French crowne of the shells of French small Nuts made into powder eighteene graines of red Corall powdred all being mixed together let it be giuen warme with as much speed as may be mundified Barley and the seeds of Melons Gourds Cucumbers and Poppie are in that case highly commended roast a sweet apple vnder the embers mix therwithall when it is roasted the iuice of Licorâ—ce Starch and white Sugar giue thereof vnto the diseased twice a day two houres before meat or else take the weight of a French crowne of the powder of a wild Bores tooth and cause him to swallow it either with the iuice of sweet Almonds and Sugar Candie or with the broth of red Coleworts or decoction of the water of Barley or some other such like which is appropriate for the Breast or else burne to ashes the pizzle of an Oxe and giue a dram thereof with white Wine if the ague be but small or with the water of Carduus Benedictus or Barley water if the ague be strong and great and assure your selfe that such remedies are singular if they be vsed within three dayes of the beginning of the sicknesse The manner of making these ashes is to cut the pizzle of the Oxe in gobbets and laying it vpon the harth that is close layd to set a new pot ouer it and afterward to lay hot burning coales or hot embers about the pot which must be oft renewed vntill one be assured that it is burnt into powder and the better to iudge of the time he must thinke that this will not be done vnder a whole day It is good to lay a playster of blacke Pitch vpon the grieued side and where it commeth to passe that the paine of the side continueth and that the sicke partie cannot spet cause him to vse the decoction of the flowers of red Poppie or of the powder of them the weight of a French crowne with the water of Scabious and Pimpernell and syrrop of Hysope if there be no great Feauer or Violets if it be great Furthermore for a Pleurisie which is desperate and past hope take a sweet Apple euen a verie excellent one and take the kernels forth of it and fill vp the hollow place with fine Olibanum rost it couered ouer and rolled in stupes vnder the hot embers throughly and then giue it to the sicke of the Pleurisie to eat For the spetting of Bloud cause him to drinke the distilled water of the first little buds of the leaues of the Oake or the decoction of Comfrey or of Plantaine Horse-taile or Knot-grasse otherwise called the hearbe of S. Innocent or to swallow downe some small drops of Masticke or Harts horne or Goats horne burnt or Bole Armoniake or Terra sigillata or Corall or Amber or the powder of the innermost rind of Chestnut tree or of the Corke tree or frie the dung of an Hogge with fresh Butter and of that cluttered bloud which the sicke partie shall haue spet and so giue of these thus fried together to the sicke partie to eat For the beating of the Heart it is good to hang about the neck so much Camphire as the quantitie of a Pease or to drinke two or three ounces of the water of Buglosse and of Baulme some hold the distilled water following for a singular and soueraigne remedie Take two Hogs harts three Stags harts or the harts of three Bulls Nutmeg Cloues and Basill seed of each three drams flowers of Marigolds Burrage Buglosse and Rosemarie of each halfe a handfull steepe them all in Malmesey or Hipocras for the space of a night after distill them with a Limbecke and reserue the water for vse which shall be by taking three or foure ounces when necessitie doth require The conserue of Betonie and Rosemarie flowers Cinnamon water Aqua vitae and Imperiall Waters which wee haue set downe in our worke of the beautifying of mans bodie For the faintnesse of the Heart or Swouning it is good to straine and wring the ioynt of the Ring or Physitions finger as also to rub the same with some piece of Gold and with Saffron for by the meanes of that finger his neere communicating with the heart there is from it conueyed and carried some vertue restoring and comforting the heart For the flagging and hanging breasts of Women make a liniment with the drosse of the oyle of Linseed a little gumme Arabick Tragacanth Mastick and Camphire or with the iuice of Succorie or apply thereunto ground Iuie or the egges of Partridges which you shall change oftentimes or small Basins of the distilled water of young Pine-apples or the iuice of wild Pine-apples To procure much Milke vnto Nurses they must vse the fresh and new-gathered iuice of Fennell oftentimes or the iuice of Smallage or of Beets or the powder of the rootes of Maries thistle adding thereto the seed of Fennell and a little Pepper the fore-hoofes of a Cow burned and drunke with Wine or Broth or other conuenient liquor or the powder of Crystall powdred very finely and drunke with Wine or some broth or let them eat of boyled Coleworts seasoned with Pepper or of the roots of Rapes boyled with Pepper To cause Women to loose their Milke you must apply vpon the nipples of their Breasts the roots of great Celandine â—odden and powned or vse a fomentation of verie sharpe Oxicrate vpon the Breasts or else you shall apply a Cataplasme of the flower of Beanes or an emplaister of Rue Sage Mints Wormewood Fennell Branne boyled and mixed with Oyle of Camomill or the leaues of young and verie greene Gouâ—ds or of Cray-fishes all to brayed and stamped in a Mortar For the inflammation of the Breasts comming of the great aboundant store of Milke take the dyrt found in the bottome of the Troughes of Cutlers or Grinders and therewith couer the Breast and so you shall asswage the paine in one nighâ—â— you may adde thereto a little of the Oyle of Roses or if the Milke be much curded without any great inflammation in the Breast you may apply vnto it a Cataplasme of the flower of Rice or of
shaued or scrap 〈…〉 a linnen cloth in manner of a Cataplasme and apply it vnto the pained 〈◊〉 Otherwise take the roots and leaues of Danewort the leaues of Scabious 〈◊〉 Coâ—â—frey and wild Sage boyle all together in wine after let it passe 〈…〉 put thereto oyle of Spike Aqua vitae and the oyle of Neats 〈…〉 take a very fat Goose puld and the garbage taken cleane out after 〈◊〉 her with 〈◊〉 that are well liking and chopped verie small with common 〈◊〉 and roasted at a small fire and looke what droppeth forth let be reserued for 〈◊〉 for the grieued place Some likewise apply for the paines of the ioints 〈◊〉 whelpes vpon the pained places Galen saith That hee was wont to softer 〈◊〉 such hardnesse as is wont to happen about the knees by applying vnto 〈…〉 Cheese all mouldie stamped with the broth wherein a salt Gammon of 〈◊〉 hath been boyled To take away the Swellings procured of Wind you must take fried salt and 〈◊〉 it betwixt two Linnens vpon the Swelling or apply a Cataplasme made of the 〈◊〉 of white Wine the branne of 〈◊〉 and new Oxe dung For such Swellings as are 〈◊〉 make a Cataplasme with the leaues and flowers of Violets flowers of Heâ—â—ane leaues of Nightshade flowers of Camomill and Meliloâ—e all boyled in wine and water strayned through a Searce and applyed vnto the aking place Or else draw the iuice of Houseleeke with a little red Wine and the flower of Barley make an emplayster for the place The dung of Goâ—â—â— hath power to wast spend and consume the hard Swellings how hardly soeuer resolued and wasted especially the old hard Swellings about the Knees mingling the same with Barley flower and water and vineger in forme of a Cataplasme To ripen an Impostume apply vnto it the dung of Goslings which haue 〈◊〉 kept from meat three whole dayes together and after fed with the gobbers of a fresh Eâ—â—e It is good also to apply raw Wheat champed or chawed a long time A Cataplasme made of the leaues and roots of Mallowes Holihocks Onions Lillies crumâ— of white bread all â—od together and after strayned through a Colander adding thereto the volke of an Egge and a little Saffâ—on It is true that if the Aâ—ostâ—me be very cold there may be added to the decoction of the Cataplasme abouesaid the roots of Elacampane Danewort Lilâ—â—es and Brionie flowers of Camomill and Melilot Oâ—ons and Wheat Leauens To ripen a Naile otherwise called a Felloâ— or Cats-haire take raw Wheat a long time chawed or the flower of Wheat the yolke of an Egge Honey and Hogges grease after heat them all together and make a plaister to lay to the sore or else lay vpon it Sheepes dung steept in vineger if in 〈◊〉 you mind to soften and resolue it For Tetters you must vse the iuice of Purcelane Celandine Plantain Nightshaâ—â—eâ— and Limons and if this medicine appeare not to be strong ynough it will be good to mixe some red Tartar amongst and with this composition to rub the spotted places Otherwise infuse for the space of a whole day in strong white vineger the rooâ— of hearbe Patience cut into shiuers rub the place where the Tetter is with one of the shiuers three or foure times a day Or else boyle tenne graines of Sublimate and halfe a dramme of Aloes in equall quantitie of Plantaine and Nightshade water vnto the consumption of the one halfe Or else steepe the powder of a Slaâ—e in very good vineger with salt and rub the place Otherwise take the gumme of Cherrie trâ—e a verie little Brimstone with twice so much salt as Brimstone steepe all together in the strongest vineger you can get and with this composition rub the spotted places Or else rub the place with your fasting spettle or with the guâ—â—â— that groweth about the Vine but before this you must rub them with Salt Nitre or else with the hearbe Nicotiana applying both drosse and iuice together vnto the place To take away the markes and pits of the small pocks take an ounce of Oyle or of the flowers of S. Iohns wort halfe an ounce of Venice Turpentine as much of Sperma coeti melt it all vpon the fire in a dish of earth well glased when it beginneth to boyle and to swell vpward take it from the fire and let it coole rub and chafe the places of blacke spots with this oyntment and continue it so long as till the pits be filled vp For Vlcers and Apostemes which happen about the Nailes lay vpon the soare a little worme which is found in the head of the Tasell when it is drie For hard Swellings take Mallowes Holyhocks the roots of Lillies Pellitorie the leaues of white Mullein seed of Line and Holyhocks flowers of Camomill and Melilot let all be boyled in equall portions of water wine and vineger after passe them through a Colander adding thereto the flower of Barley and Beanes the powder of Camomill and Roses Hennes grease and fresh and new Butter make a playster to lay to the soare Likewise it shall be good to lay hot thereunto a Cataplasme made of the drosse of Bee-hiues dissolued in white wine and fried in a Frying panne For such at are fallen from on high giue the weight of halfe a French crowne of this powder with good wine Mummia Tormentill Rhaponticke Sperma coeti of each a dramme or else giue the weight of a French crowne of the powder of the seed of Garden-Cresses of Mummia of the seed of Houseleeke prepared and Sugar Candie For a greene wound you must take Garden Baulme the great and small Comfrey and a little salt poune them all together and apply them vpon the wound It is good also to drop into the wound the iuice of Nicotian or for the more profitable vse thereof to apply both the drosse as also the iuice thereof stamped and to bind vp the wound by and by and assure your selfe that within three dayes it will be recouered Otherwise take the Elme apples the flowers of S. Iohns wort and of Rosemarie the knops or buttons of Roses put all together in a glasse-bottle full of oyle Oliue stop the bottle diligently and set it to the Sunne so long as till all be so farre consumed as that it may seeme to be rotten afterward let it runne through a linnen cloth diuers times and then keepe it in a violl to drop into wounds The readiest and most soueraigne remedie is the iuice of Nicotiana and the drosse or substance likewise and also the oyntment made thereof which wee will handle hereafter viz. in the seuentie six chapter of the second Booke This oyntment is very singular Take Veruaine Agrimoniâ— Beâ—onie and Pimpernell of each a handfull wash them diligently and being washed swing them well stampe them together in a mortar being stamped put them in an earthen vessell well glased with seuen pints of white wine to boyle till halfe
of it be consumed the vessell in the meane time being close couered and the fire burning cleare and softly after draw the vessell somewhat further from the fire and let it coole vnto the next morning then straine it out a little warme the grosser parts that it may so be forced through some hairie strainer and adde thereto of white Pitch melted by it selfe and also strained through a hairie strainer a pound halfe a pound of white Waxe in graines Masticke and Turpentine of each one ounce make thereof an oyntment of good consistence Likewise there is nothing more singular than to take of Greeke Pitch Brimstone and Olibanum equall parts to bray them together with the whites of egges and after you haue stanched and wiped away the bloud in handsome sort to ioyne and bring together the edges of the wound and to apply it thereto with a linnen cloth and a Cataplasme afterward to bind and roll it vp with double linnen clothes and so to leaue it for certaine dayes or else boyle the leaues of Carduus Benedictus and flower of Wheat in Wine vnto the forme of an Oyntment wash the Vlcers twice a day with Wine afterward lay thereunto this Oyntment Or else wash the wound with the decoction of Dent de lion more easily thus Take the dyrt which you find vnder Buckets Troughes or such like and apply it vnto the cut it closeth it vp incontinently For all wounds as well old as new vlcers and whatsoeuer cuts in the flesh take the leaues of Plantaine Spearewort or small Plantaine Mallowes All-good of each a handfull French Sage about foure and twentie leaues let all the foresaid hearbes be well picked washed and after stamped verie well all together this done take five quarts of old Swines greaâ—e put thereinto a hot pestill and cause it to melt then boyle it with the said hearbes and when you see that the liquor of the hearbes iâ— consumed you shall straine it and put thereunto as much Frankincense as a Nut greene Waxe and Perrosine of each as much as two Nuts melt them that so they may all be brought vnto the forme of an oyntment of which you shall make vse for all sorts of wounds Otherwise take Brimstone most â—inely powdred and searced put it in a Glasse-vessell and powre thereupon so much oyle Oliue as will doe more then couer it by foure or fiue singers set it out vnto all the heat of the Sunne you can for the space of tenne daies and stirring it about manie times with a Spatull of cleane and faire wood and keeping the said vessell close shut continually to the end there may not any dyrt fall thereinto At the end of the tenne dayes emptie out all the oyle by leaning the glasse softly to the one side seeing it hath extracted all the substance or essence of the Brimstone into another Glasse-bottell by the helpe of a funnell and let not any of the drosse or residence goe in withall after which you shall stop the bottell verie carefully and at such times as you would vse it you shall dip Lint white linnen Cloth Cotton or blacke Wooll in it and apply it vnto the parts that are hurt whether by Vlcers or Cuts as also vnto Impostumes and that so long as vntill they be cured You may powre in oyle againe the second time vpon the residence left after the oyle powred out as beforesaid and doe as was done before Make account of these two later Remedies as of those which will not faile you For the Boyle called Anthrax Carbunculus and other such pestilent tumours see that you apply vnto them Rue bruiâ—ed and mixt with verie strong Leauen Figges Cantharides Onions of the Land and Sea vnquencht Lime Sope gumme Ammoniacke and a little Treacle for this emplaster draweth forth such kind of tumours Or else take a Toad drie her either in the Sunne or in the Ouen make her into powder and put of this powder vpon the Carbuncle it will draw forth all the venome Or else apply vnto the Carbuncle a Frog aliue and if she die then another and doâ— this so oft as vntill that one doe liue and so you shall draw out all the venome For vlcers comming of the Pocks and such other maligne ones take tenne pints of water quench therein hot yrons so long as till the tenne pints become but fiue and in these fiue pints infuse for the space of foure and twentie houres a pound of vnquencht Lime after that straine the water when it is strained dissolue therein fifteene graines of Verdegrease and as much of Vitrioll and twentie graines of Camphire this water is singular to mundifie cleanse and drie vp Vlcers Otherwise set to boyle in a new earthen vessell verie cleare water when it beginneth to boyle put into it by and by vnsleckt Lime and presently thereupon powre it out into another vessell all new let it rest there so long as vntill after it be scummed it become cleare the Lime falling to the bottome of the vessell in manner of pap in the end you shall gather the water swimming aloft by leaning the vessell and letting the Lime abide vnstirred in the bottome and this water thus gathered shall be reserued in a cleane violl or other vessell well stopped that so it may serue for your vse in which being warme dip a linnen cloth and apply it in stead of an emplaister vnto the Vlcer and renew it oft To draw out miraculously a Pellet make a tent of a Quince and for want of it of Marmalate of Quinces onely without any addition of Spices or other things annoint it with the oyle of egges and put it into the wound or hole made by the shot of the Pistoll For inward wounds in which there can no tents be put there must be drunke oftentimes the decoction of Auens and the outward wounds washt or else take Mugwort great and small Comfrey whole Betonie Agrimonie the roots of Rubia otherwise called the Diers hearbe the roots of small Plantaine otherwise called Carpenters hearbe Sage the leaues of Brambles Parsley pricking Nettle Marigolds Sanicle Bugula Mouse-eare Burnet Dendelion Plantaine the crops of Hempe female Ferne Buglosse Gentian Veruaine Birds â—oong ground Iuie water Germander Catmint hearbe Robert Cinquefoile Tansie all the Capillar hearbes of each one halfe handfull Damaske Raiâ—ins their stones taken out Licorice the seed and flowers of S. Iohns wort the seed of blessed Thistle of each an ounce the three cordiall flowers of each foure ounces all these being thus carefully pickt and made cleane let be brayed verie throughly after strained through a hairen strainer with one pint of white wine you must cause him which iâ— thrust through to drinke of this drinke a little draught fasting or one houre before he eat and as much before his supper If these iuices displease thee in stead of braying bruising or stamping of the things aforesaid you may make a decoction in common water adding in
of an egge so long as till it be hard therewith and so to make this to serue being fashioned like a shell for her neast or else to make an egge of Alablaster or Fullers earth and to put it in her neast and to leaue her no more but that only eggâ— after she hath laid Vnto a young Henne which falleth to clocking you must take one of her small feathers and thrust it through her nosthrils for it is not for a young Henne to doe any thing but lay egges and for the old to sit Our Huswiues in that point too seuere and iniurious doe plucke away all their feathers from vnder their wings euen all ouer their bellies doe therewithall cast them into the water to coolâ— their heaâ— withall or else they keepe them faâ—ting foure dayes together in a Chickâ—â— Cowpe And if you be not disposed to keepe a Henne to brood you must by and by or within two daies after that she hath brought forth her young let her forth again to haue the companie of Cocks to the end she may forget them and begin againe to layâ— and therewithall to rub the pulled belly of a great and fat Capon and one that is young with stinging Nettles and after to deliuer him the Chickens to brood and lead The Henne is subiect to the spots of the eyes when she is old to the rheume and distilling of watrie humors at her nosthrils by hauing taken cold or hauing drunke frozen water or at least such as was too cold or by reason of the Henne-house being left open in the night or by hauing rousted vpon the trees in the open aire or finally by not hauing found the house open or some other couert to runne vnder in the time of raine Vnto the loosenesse of the belly when their meat is too thinne or when they haue eaten some hearbes apt to worke the same or when the Henne-house hath beene open all night Vnto the Pip of the tongue either for want of drinke or for drinking troubled and filthie water To fleas and vermine when they sit or when they haue not wherein to tumble and roule or to make themselues cleane or when their dung is let to continue a long time together in the house And to the bitings of venimous Beasts which haunt the dunghill and old walls as the Scorpion Snake Spider Shrew Lizards and Newâ—es of the wall For the scab and inflammation of the eyes you must bath them in the water of Purcelane or in Womans milke and for the spots you must rub the eye with Sal Ammoniack Cummin and Honey brayed together in a Mortar and that as much of the one as of the other except you haue the skill to take them vp or to cause them to be taken and lifted vp with a needle For the rheume you must put a feather crosse their nosthrils and waâ—me their water and sometimes chafe their feet especially little and yong Pulleâ—s which are wont to be wrapt in cloth a certaine time for the same or else in feathers and then put into a pot and set in a warme Ouen or neere vnto some fire in some fit and conuenient place And if the rheume or matter of the stuffing of their nosthrils be setled in some place as vnder the eyes or towards their bill you must launce the impostume gently and giue passage for that to come forth which is therein contained and put in place a little brayed salt For the loosenesse of the belly some make them meâ—t of the husks of Barly steept in wine and incorporated with waxe and some doe mingle with their water the decoction of a Pomegranate or Quinces And if that Pullein be costiue especially the younger sort they are prouoked with a wild oat and some vse to pull off the feathers of their rumpe and vpon the inside of their thighs to the end that their dung may not be long detained and kept within their bodies because that so it might stop the passage and as for Hennes it is sufficient to put honey into their water by themselues For the Pip some vse to wash their bill with oyle wherein hath steept a cloue of Garlick and some make them to eat stauesacre amongst their meat and for to cure the younger sort some put them in a sieue made to dresse Fetches or Darnell perfume them with Pennyryall Organie Hysope and Line and some doe hold the head of the Pullet ouer the fume the bill gaping and in case of extremitie to take it quite away from them some doe vse to open their bill draw out their tongue verie gently and softly and after with their naile raise the higher part and draw downe to the end or lowest part thereof the white which is seene to grow vpon the top of the tongue and after it is raised vp and rooted out without any breaking of skin they rub the tongue with spettle or with a little vineger or else they touch it with a bruised cloue of Garlicke For fleas and vermine they must be washed in wine wherein hath beene boyled Cummin and Sâ—auesacre or else in water wherein haue boyled wild Lupines Against the biting of venimous Beasts you must annoiâ— the place with oyle of Scorpionâ— and apply vpon it some Mithridate and further cast some small quantitie of â—reacle into their water-pot and cause them to drinke For the danger of Beasts especially of Cats and Fulmers which come in the night time vnto the Henne-house to eat the Hennes and egges old Writers do giue counsell to cast at the entrie of the dore and to scatter thereabouts bunches of Rue as also to put some tender sprouts of the same vnder the wings of the fowle or else to besmeâ—â—â— about the walls of the Henne-house and round about the window the gall of a Caâ— or of a Foxe Furthermore to keepe Pulleine from Foxes that they doe not eat them it is good now and then to mingle amongst their meat the flesh of a Foxe sodden and shret into verie small pieces for as some say their flesh doth keepe and retayne a certaine smell thereof which is the cause that Foxes dare not come neere vnto them Hennes begin to lay in Februarie and March and some of them in those moneths being part of their first yeare They which begin to lay at a yeare and a halfe or 〈◊〉 two yeres are better to be liked and then they must be verie well fed and that some times with Oats and Fenugreeke for to heat them And if you be desirous that they should lay great egges for commonly the fattest Hennes lay the smallest egges 〈◊〉 and temper Fullers earth among their meat or else put powned Bricke among Brain and temper thâ—m together with a little wine and water and make them an ordinarie meat thereof or else make them all their meat of Barley halfe boyled with Fetches and Milleâ—
that so you may take their egges to put vnder some Henne to sit them thereby to make them tame for the fowle that is thus or dered will be better than that of the yard and which stirreth not out of the Court or from about the sides of the streets to tread To take such wild Ducks as are about your Ponds to make them tame you must cast the lees of wine or red wine in that verie place of the Pond side where you 〈◊〉 accustomed to cast them meat of wine and corne with leauen and flower tempered together and you shall take them when you see them drunke or else to take of the root and seed of Henbane a good quantitie and lay it to steepe in a basen full of water a whole day and a night afterward put thereinto Wheat and boyle all together vntill the said Corne be well steept and swelled afterward you shall put of the same Corne in the said place for the wild Duckes will runne vnto it and as soone as they shall haue eaten it they will fall downe all astonished and giddie This kind of fowle is made fat in such manner as the young Geese that is to say with the same food onely it remaineth that you should giue vnto them besides that the small of the fish and so you need not to cowpe them vp and as for your common ones the more you suffer them to runne the better it is for them You may make your profit of this bird in as much as the flesh thereof is very pleasant to eat especially about the necke and breasts the feathers thereof are â—maller better and more wholesome to sleepe vpon than those of Geese She layeth egges is great quantitie but not so good or delicate as those of the Hennes but yet of vse 〈◊〉 make Cakes fried Meats and other daintie Deuises adde hereunto that you may set them vnder Hennes When this bird trimmeth her feathers with her bill it betokeneth Wind. Also some hold the bloud thereof hardned and drunke with wine is good against all manner of poyson The Drake applyed aliue vnto the bellie is a soueraigne remedie for the 〈◊〉 of the Guts and Collicke insomuch that some say that this disease thus cured returneth vnto the Drake and that in such sort as that hee dyeth of it Teales young Ducks water-Hennes and small Ducks of the Pond will neuer be made tame but otherwise you may more easily take them than you can the wild Geeâ—e We may say as much of the Woodcocke and Curlew and other birds hâ—â—â—ting the Water and Riuers and liue notwithstanding vpon the Land for which cause they were called by men of old time birds of a two-fold or double kind of liuing and feeding Swannes haunt and loue to resort to some particular places onely as in watrie wandring and solitarie places There are great store to be seene in such places towards Toâ—â—s Angoulesme Coignac the Riuer of Sharant which is reported to be floored with Swannes and paued with Trouts Sameure in Fraunce as also in Flanders and towards Valentia which some say to haue beene in that respect called the Valley of Swannes and may be made tame and may be put either in Ponds or iâ— Fennes but indeed they destroy and spoyle verie much fish Sometimes they feed vpon the greene Corne as the Gosling or wild Goose and doe make great spoilâ— and wast therein It is sufficient for two paire to take their pleasure in your Pooles or foure if they be verie great and one paire onely is ynough in your Fish-pond and they must haue a house apart in the Orchard or Garden couered ouer a little and free from disturbance often made cleane and refreshed for they defile verie much If they haue not ynough whereon to feed in the place of their abode you must cast them some softened bread or some of the smallest fishes This is a great eating fowle and chargeable to be kept he maketh his Neast himselfe and hatcheth but once a yeare and three egges at the most at a time but he is a verie beautifull and pleasant bird There is a certaine kind of Swanne which hath his right foot diuided into fingers and fashioned with nailes and clawes or tallons as birds of the prey haue whereupon in striking into the water he catcheth and footeth his prey but his left foot is fashioned after the common manner of others and with it he roweth vpon the water Such a one was seene and killed at the Abbey of Iuilly neere Dampmartin in the yeare 1554. This kind of Swanne feedeth no where but in the water and vpon his prey and is altogether wild and cannot handsomely be tamed but the common Swanne is not such a one Socrates in Plato saith that this bird is dedicated to Apollo because of the gift of diuination which he hath by which he foreseeth his death and singeth verie sweetly and melodiously when he perceiueth the same at hand as seeming thereby to foresee what good Death doth bring with it I haue obserued that he doth not onely foresee his owne death but also the death of men especially when he appeareth in such places as he was not wont to haunt Witnesse hereof is S. Bartholomew his day in the yeare 1572 two or three dayes before which were seene manie Swannes flying swimming and diuing in the Riuer of Seyne betwixt S. Clou and the Port of Nully Cranes are not much vnlike to Swannes and are not birds of continuall haunt but yearely remouing from the Countries that are more hot vnto those Countries that are more cold Their departure is about September and their returne shortly after the Spring seed time and although they doe addict themselues vnto watrie places yet they feed for the most part of that which the drie land yeeldeth and not of things affoorded by the water for they liue and feed vpon Corne as doe the wild Geese There is no cause why you should make any great account of the Crane for although hee stay a certaine time with you yet hee layeth not anie moe than two egges all the yeare long Wherefore if you be willing to keepe of them you may doe it rather to please your sight withall than for anie hope of encrease for they neither lay nor sit anie moe than two egges And further their flesh is of a verie hard digestion especially if it be new killed but if you will eat it stay some time after the taking of them and hang them vpon the arme of some Figge-tree that they may grow tenderer Also eate them rather a long time after they haue beene dressed than whiles they are yet warme When you see them flye aloft in the Ayre without making anie noyse then looke for faire weather but and if you see them rest themselues vpon the ground be ye assured that it will be raine If your Farme be neere vnto marishes and
it will not be amisse to giue him to drinke a great pot full of the decoction of medicke fodder and in like manner to let him bloud If the neck be chased put vpon the same an emplaister made of the marrow of the thigh bones of an Oxe the seame and grease of a Male-goat and Swines-grease all being mixe in like quantitie and molten altogether It the hinder part of the necke be pilled and growne bald and bare without haire annoint the place with a liniment prepared of sixe ounces of Honie and foure ounces of Masticke all boyled together For the hardnesse of the hinder parts of the necke let him take his rest certayne daies during the which time rubbe the place with Butter Honie Larde of Porke and new Wax in equall quantitie all being molten and mixt together For the swolne Chine make an oyntment of the root of Elecampane well boyled and stampt with Hogs-grease the fat of a Weather or Male-goat raw Honie Frankincense and new Wax with which you shall rubbe the said Chine or hinder part of the necke thrice a day Euening Morning and at Noone tide If he be so leane as that his skinne seeme to cleaue to his ribbes foment his skinne against the haire with Wine and Honie being in some warme place or in the Sun after annoint him with the Lees of Wine and Hogs-grease all mixt together and made in forme of a liniment For the paine of the bellie giue him to drinke Treacle or Mithridate mixt with Wine afterward let him bloud the next Morning vnder the tongue and in the nosthrils or else cause him to drinke the decoction of Rue and Cammomile finely powdred and let him rest at the least seuen or eight daies giuing him but small to eat and keeping him well couered in a warme house foure ounces of Turpentine incorporated with a little Salt finely powdred is a singular remedie for the disease if you make him take it in manner of a bole pill or drinke For the falling out of the Draught-gut take three ounces of Turpentine cause it to be put vp into the draught by some little boy which hath a long arme and leane withall to annoint it diligently and this to be continued for the space of foure or fiue daies in stead of the Turpentine the grease of a Hogge will serue for an oynâ—ment For the loosenesse of the bellie which commeth of hauing eaten Hearbes or such other like things of hard digestion first keepe him from eating of any Grasse or Hearbes for the space of two or three dayes in the which time you shall giue vnto him the leaues of the vvild Oliue-tree Plantaine Horse-taile and sometimes of Nightshade-berries and againe during this said time you shall giue him but little to drinke this is to say just nothing for the most part Otherwise see that he eat no other things for certaine daies than the Leaues of Organe and garden Southernvvod and euerie day you must allow him onely the quantitie of two eawers of water to drinke To loosen his bellie take two ounces of Hiera one ounce of Aloes Hepatica mixe them both vvell in vvarme vvater and cause him to drinke them in the Morning If he haue a broken Legge for to set it draw it your selfe or cause your seruants cunningly to stretch the Legge with a rope right ought not more to the one side than to the other that so the broken bones may be joyned and placed againe in euen sort Afterward let loose the two parts that so they may joyne close together apply aboue the place pleageâ—s dipt in a composition made of the whites of egs bolâ—armenack and dragons bloud then tie vp the member so strong and streight as that the two ends of the bones broken may joyne and grow together againe aboue these â—ands applie yet other moe pleagets vvet in Wine for the comforting of the sinews And to the end that the vpper and lower broken bone may not grow hard or get any other ill disposition or qualitie eyther by reason of the binding or else by reason of the fracture it selfe you shall rubbe both the one and the other part vvith a liniment made of an ounce of Turpentine with as much Butter and the like quantitie of Oyle For a Legge that is out of joynt or by some meanes displaced restore againe the bone into his former place and bind it vp after that you haue annointed it vvith Hogs-grease For a sweld Foot make an emplaster of the leaues of Elder-tree and Hogs-grease vvell boyled and mixt together For a foundred Foot take the roots of Mallows and Hollihocks boyle them in a sufficient quantitie of vvater stampe them and straine them through a strayner to that which is strayned out put halfe a pound of Hogs-grease three small pots of verie strong Wine boyle them altogether vntill the grease be melted then put thereâ—o of Linseed vvell bruised and beaten in a morter and so boyle them altogether to the conâ—umption of the Wine Applie some part of this cataplasme vnto the foot and let it remaine there three vvhole daies and then taking away the same apply the rest for other three daies For Surbâ—tting or Lamenesse you may boyle Honie and Hogs-grease in white Wine applie vnto the Foot this emplaster and there let it remayne three vvhole daies For the Foot pricked vvith a Naile Glasse Thorne or any such other thing that is sharpe cut the horne of the hoofe as neere vnto the prickt place as possibly you can afterward drop into the hole of Turpentine and Oyle both hot and lay a plaister of Honie and sweet Seame melted together all ouer the Foot For the Claw that is clouen or shiuered take Honie new Wax and Turpentine of each an ounce and make an oyntment vvhich you shall applie round about the Claw for the space of fifteene whole daies vvhich being past add vnto this oyntment Aloes Heparica Mel rosatum and Roche-Allome of each halfe an ounce couer therewith the whole Foot after you haue bathed it in warme Wine mixed vvith Honie For the Claw hurt with yron or stone digge and pare away the Claw euen to the bottome of the hurt vvith a Smiths paring knife drop into the sore hot oyntment made of old Swines grease and sewet of the Male-goat melted together and put into thâ—fore tents of tow dipped in the said oyntment When the hoofe is like to goe off you must first salue it with the oyntment spoken of before for the shiuered Foot or Claw and that so long as vntill the horne of the hoofe be somewhat fastned to againe afterward you must foment it for the space of fiue or sixe daies thrice euerie day the whole Foot with Wine or Vinegar wherein haue boyled vnquencht Lime and Honie of each seuen ounces For the pissing of bloud cause him to drinke the juice of Plantaine with verie
good Oyle and afterward take the poulder of Tartar and of vvild Gourds mingle them vvith red Wine and the vvhites of Egges and make him to drinke them vvith a horne And if this doe not stay his pissing of bloud within foure and twentie houres he will die If he stale not but with paine let him bloud of the bladâ—â—er veine and cause him to take a drinke made of Honie Oyle and white wine all boiled together for three Mornings one after another afterward let him rest for eight daies It he haue a stone in his yard first cast the Oxe downe vpon the ground after let him take hold vpon his 〈◊〉 with pincers somewhat higher than the stone lieth theâ— let him make incision in the side of the Oâ—e his pisâ—e to draw out the stone and then lastly consolidate and heale vp the wound with Turpentine washed foure times in the water of Horse-taile If he haue the stone in his bladder take two ounces of Sea Fennell stamped two drams of Cloues and a dram and a halfe of Pepper poune them altogether and make him drinke them in red Wine warme If after you haue continued the 〈◊〉 some certaine daies the stone come not forth then in the end you must cut the bladder and so draw it out If his pisâ—e be hardened annoint it with the oyntment made of the stamped 〈◊〉 of Hollihocks and fresh Butter twice a day For his shoulder out of joynt you must first set it in againe and afterward bind and roll it vp againe with splenters verie close and fast For the strangles or glandules vvhich happen vnder the Oxe his throat and spring from the braine ouer-cooled plucke away their glandules and after couer his head vvith some couering and chafe and annoint vvith Butter his throat oftentimes If his pallate be swolne open the swelling quickly vvith an incision knife or hot yron that so the corrupted bloud may run forth after giue him for his meat somâ— Grasse or soft Hay If he haue the Ranula vnder the tongue much swolne then open it vvith a hot yron or a verie sharpe incision knife afterward rubbe it vvith Salt and Oyle so loâ—â— as till all the corrupt matter be run out then in the end giue him some tender hearâ—â—â— or grasse to eat When the tongue is clouen or chopt vnder neath annoint those clefts vvith aâ— oyntment made of Aloes Roche-Allome and Honie of Roses all being mixt together then vvash them in Wine vvherein Sage hath boyled or some such other dâ—ying herbe If he haue lost his appetite cause him to swallow raw Egges well beat together with Honie and mingle Salt among his meat or giue him in drinke some horehouâ—d fiuely pouldred with Wine and Oyle or stampe the leaues of Rue Leekes Sâ—â—llage and Sage and giue him them to drinke with Wine For the eye that is troubled and darke blow within it of the poulder of Cuâ—â—lebone Sugar candie and Cinnamon verie finely pouldred For the swolne Eye applie thereto a Cataplasme made of the the flower of Wheat mixt vvith Honie or the vvater of Honie after the manner of pappe for children For a vvhite vpon the eye applie thereto a cataplasme made of Sal gemma and Masticke finely pouldred and mixt vvith Honie continue and vse this oftentimes For the Leeke of the Eye or tumour called Porrum growing vpon the Eye-lid foment the place vvith the Gall of any beast vvhatsoeuer it be or vvhich is better snip away the tumour with a paire of Cysers or make it fall away with â— threed tied verie strait afterward annoint the place vvith Salt Vinegar and Aloâ—â— boyled together For the Weeping Eye you may blow into it Tutia and Vitrioll made into fine poulder For the Cataract which is nothing else but an aboundance of vvaterishnessâ— ingendred eyther by ouermuch cold or by too long stay and respite within the Eye of the Oxe in that place where the watrie humour is placed vpon which the glassie humour swimmeth as the Chrystalline againe vpon it For the cure thereof take ground Iuie and stampe it long in a Morter of vvood of the juice 〈◊〉 out of it make a medicine for the eye insteed of this herbe if you cannot recouer it take the berries of Iuie or the leaues and draw the juice of them in manner aforesaid Continue and vse the one medicine or the other for many daies both â—â—â—ning and euening the Cataract will consume and wast away It is certaine that who so insteed of Water shall vse Wine shall seeme to deale more fitly and better to 〈◊〉 purpose Epiphora a disease of the eye called a drie inflammation of choler is when the beast â—eeth not but by halfes whether it be of the one eye or of both bloud taken away from vnder the eye doth correct and amend the sight And further you must continually drop honey into it vntill it be perfectly cured For bleered eyes which come with continuall falling downe of excrements out of the braine take Myrrhe fine Frankincense Saffron of ech two ounces mix them all togither dissolue them in cestern water make therof a Collirie to drop into the eies For the agues of Oxen you shall know it by their being exceeding restlesse and trembling all ouer their bodie by their great heat in the midst of their forehead and towards the roots of their hornes and in their eares their mouth is verie hot and sweat aboundantly and withall eat almost nothing at all the hanging oâ—t and drawing in of his tongue verie drie heauie in his head his eyes distilling and halfe shâ—â— his muzzle filled and all to be driâ—eled with flegmatike water and his taking of his breath long and yet notwithstanding hee doth not without great paine and much distance of time complaine himselfe or turne often The first day that you shall perceiue him thus sicke let him fast all the day long the next day let him bloud in the morning whiles he is fasting and that vnder the taile in small quantitie Fiue daies after you shall feed him with the decoction of Clot-burre with honey and brine at the least you shall offer him this before all other meat either greene or moist as shall be the crops of Lentils and other young sprours and buds which you shall thinke meet and conuenient for the beast wash his mouth thrice a day with a sponge dipt in vineger and after that you shall make him drinke verie cold water 〈◊〉 like manner three times and so you shall let him goe into some pasture ground vntill his Ague haue cleane left him The Cough of an Oxe must likewise be as carefully looked vnto as that of the Horse for it must not be suffered to grow old and endure long vpon him seeing 〈◊〉 is not curable but at the beginning you shall make him take fasting halfe a quarter of a peck of
that so the Rammes may not goe vnto the Ewes nor the Lambes vnto the diseased Sheepe He shall be carefull to make his Ewes take Ramme after the first two yeares for the space of the next fiue after ensuing for when the seuenth yeare is once past they begin to faile and wither away and againe the female taking Ramme before she be two yeare old bringeth forth a feeble and a weake brood without anie strength but and if shee bring forth before that age you must sell her Lambes The Ramme that is to blesome Ewes must not be vnder three nor aboue eight One Ramme will serue to blesome fiftie Ewes The time most fit to couple and put them together is about the Winter Solstice which is in the moneth of Nouember to the end that the Ewe which goeth with Lambe fiue moneths may Lambe in the Spring in which time she shall find the grasse beginning to spring and so shall returne home with her Vdder well filled to suffice for the feeding oâ— her yong which will be growne to good perfection by Easter at which time the Butchers will be readie to buy them Furthermore for some daies before that the Ramme and the Ewe be coupled together you must giue them to drinke salt water so the Ewe will hold better and the Ramme will be the more lustie but after that the Ewe is with Lambe you must not let her drinke anie such water because it would cause her to Lambe before her time If the Farmer desire to haue manie Weather Lambes it will be good according to the counsell of Aristotle to obserue and spie out a drie time when the Northerne wind bloweth and then to cause the flock to feed drawing directly vpon the same wind and in that verie time and after that sort to make the Ewes take Ramme but and if he would haue manie Ewe Lambes he â—ust draw them to feed vpon a Southerne wind and so let the Rammes couer them When the Ewe is in Lambing care shall be had to helpe her if need require drawing the whole Lambe out of her bodie if it lie ouerthwart and cannot come forth For this poore Beast is pained in Lambing as Women be in bearing of their children and oftentimes being void of reason shee trauaileth with much greater paines The Lâ—mbe being come forth it must be lifted vp and holden right and afterward put to the teats of the Ewe thereby to vse it to sucke the damme and yet not so forthwith but that there be some of her formost milke drawne out first which otherwise might hurt the Lambe Afterward it shall be shut vp with the damme for the two first daies after that it is lambed to the end she may keepe it the warmer and it may the better learne to know her In the meane time care must be had to feed the Ewe with the best Hay that may be found and with a little â—â—anne and Salt amongst to keepe her in a house verie fast and sure and not to suffer her to goe forth of three or foure daies to carrie her water to drinke a little warme and wherein is mixed a little of the flower of Millet and of Salt to draw from her her first milke because it is not good And so soone as her Lambe shall begin to know her she may be let loose to goe feed in the fields and to keepe the Lambe fast in a warme and darke house vntill such time as it begin to play the wanton out of which house it shall be let loose morning and euening to sucke the damme at her comming home and going to the fields And after that it shall be growne a little stronger you shall giue it within house some Bran or verie small Hay and that the best that is to be gotten to keepe it occupied with all the time that the damme is in field The wise Shepheard will not keepe for to store his flock anie other Lambes than such as are the grossest most corpulent strong and which will well be able to hold out Winter and as for the rest he will learne them the way to the Towne to seekes new Master He will be alwaies sure to keepe a good round number to vphold and renew the losses that may fall by death or by sicknesse The wise Shepheard will not geld his Lambes till they be betwixt fiue and six moneths old and for to geld them he shall vse the meanes set downe in the gelding of Calues In Winter hee shall fodder them with the best sheaues of Corne in the Barne and he shall rake together the scatterings which they make from time to time which after will serue for Lâ—tter for the Kine and Horse For want of Corne-sheaues he may fodder them with the greene boughs or leaues of Elmes or else of the Ash tree gathered in their season or with Autumne Hay or the after-crop The tree called Cytisus is good for them if it may be found in this cold Countrey and being a thing so much desired and sought after of the Goats as they who by the vse thereof are made fruitfull in milke so likewise is the Fetch notwithstanding the straw of Pulse will be necessarie for them when they cannot haue anie other thing but that all other manner of Fodder is gone and not to be come by As concerning the time when they are to be led forth to feeding in Winter Autumne and Spring time you shall keepe them close in the morning and you shal not carrie them to the fields vntil the day haue taken the frost away from off the ground for at these times the frozen grasse doth beget in them a rhewme and heauinesse of the head and looseneth their bellies In Summer he shall carrie his flocke to the fresh pasture by the point of day when as the tender grasse is couered with the dew and toward noone he shall looke out either vaults and hollow places of the earth or else the couert and shadow of some thicket to keepe his Cattell from the heat of the Sunne or else some old Oke stretching forth his boughes or the Forests and placeâ— of tall Timber trees which giue a shadow And in as much as this Beast is verie tender aboue the head and is greatly offended by the Sunne he shall be carefull in Summer during the great heat to obserue when the Canicular daies begin that so before noone-tide he may draw his flocke to feed vpon the West and after noone vpon the East For this is a thing of great moment that the head of the Sheepe which are feeding be turned contrarie to the Sunne which oftentimes hutteth that kind of Cattell at such time as the Canicular daies come in In cold and moist weather as in Winter and Spring time he shall water them only once a day but in Summer twice that is to say foure houres after Sunne rise and at night after the heat is rebated and well
presently you must 〈◊〉 vnto the other Salt with a quarter of a pound of Brimstone mingled together which wil purge them and heale them of the infection These diseases happen them through eating of euill hearbs or drinking of standing water or for that the place where they feed hath beene ouer-washed with some floud or great streames of water in which case they neuer faile to fall sick in lesse than fortie daies wherefore to meet with such inconueniences the good Shepheard must goe euerie day before his flock and â—eepe them from going into the fields where he knoweth that there is anie occasion for them to incurre anie such inconuenience For the Scab in Sheepe you must make an ointment of the powder of Brimstone of the root of Cypresse as much of the one as of the other mixe them with Rhasis 〈◊〉 white Ointment Camphire and Wax to make an Ointment of after you haue 〈◊〉 three euenings rubbed the said Sheepe you must wash them with Lee with Sea water or Brine and lastly with common water The verie same remedie serueth forth 〈◊〉 rottâ—â— Sheepe For the Cough if it continue you must make them drinke in the morning withâ— horne the oyle of sweet Almonds and a little white Wine being warned together and giue them fresh straw and cause them to feed vpon Folefoot for it is commonly in the Spring time that they are troubled with this disease but and if it should happen at anie other time there may a little Fenigreeke be giuen them beaten with Câ—min and of the powder for Horses The hear be called Knot-grasse is verie bad for Sheepe for and if they eat anie of it all their bellie is swolne and blowne vp frothing out a thinne and verie stinking humor You must presently let such bloud vnder the taile in that place which is neere vnto the buttockes In like manner it will be 〈◊〉 lesse good to let them bloud vpon the veine which is in the nether and vpper lipp But to make sure to preuent the dangerous and common disease of the rot which being once caught is after impossible to be cured you shall in the morning as soone as you driue them from the Fold or bring them from your Sheepe-house to the placâ— where you would haue them feed with a little dogge chase them vp and downe the space of an houre and more till you haue as it were almost tyred them and then 〈◊〉 them rest and fall to their food at their owne pleasure And thus you shall doe in the euening also the reason whereof is this In the morning your Sheepe comming hungrie from the Fold and finding the thicke Dew Cobwebs Meldewes and sucâ— like filthinesse vpon the grasse they will with all greedinesse deuoure and eat it that which nothing in the world sooner procureth rotting Now being thus chased wearie they will not onely with their feet beat that corruption from the ground but also through their wearinesse forbeare to eat till such time as the strength of the Sunnâ— beames haue exhaled and drawne away those fogges and made the grasse both pure and wholsome by which experiment it hath been approued that where ten thousand haue died for want of this exercise not one hath quelled which hath beene vsed in this manner For a short breath you must slit their nosthrils as is vsually to be done vnto horses or else cut their eares one after another Vnto the sheepe which haue the ague it is good to be let bloud in the heele or betwixt the two clawes of his feet or vpon his eares afterward keeping him from drinking were it neuer so little The most soueraigne remedie to cure them of the ague as also of many other diseases is to cause to be boyled in Water and Wine a Rammes stomach and giue it them to drinke vvith broth The sniuell of sheepe as that also of horses doth keepe it selfe so close within the lungs as that neither by bloud letting nor by drinkes it can be expelled The best remedie is to strangle the beast if the disease continue but two daies for the other as well males as females doe greatly desire and delight in that which these driuelers do leaue vpon the edges of the rackes and licke it away thereby themselues shortly after falling into the same disease Certaine marrers of Mules rather than keâ—pers of Mules say that there must be hung about their necke a Toad of the vine whiles she is liuing made vp in a bagge of new cloth and so leaue her there for the space of nine daies others that he must be put to grasse if it be a horse and one sheepe by it selfe in a seuerall pasture others say that Garleeke and fresh Sage must be stamped together and a drinke made thereof vvith strong Vinegar vvhether it bee for Horse or Sheepe or any other beast others giue them to drinke a spoonefull of Aqua vitae with Mithridate There vvill no other successe come thereof but the corrupting of the Lungs and the Cough which such have as are rotten And as for helpe for this disease there is not any other but euen the anoyding of them out of the way The Cornes which vse to vex and torment sheepe are healed with Allome Brimstone and Vinegar mingled together or with a Pomegranet whiles it is young and tender and no kernels growne in it being stamped with Allome and a verie little Vinegar or with gals burnt and the same shaued and put in grosse or red wine and so laid vpon the cornes S. Anthonies fire which the Shepheards call the flying fire is hard to cure because that neither salue nor burning not yet any other medicine can helpe the same There is nothing else to be done vnto them but to foment them with the milke of Goats and it is good to shed and remoue out of the flocke the first sheepe that shall be taken with this disease The bloud is a turning about called the sturdie and it taketh them in the times of the greatest heat so as that thereupon they turne about stumble and leape without any cause and if you touch their head or feet you shall find them in a verie great heat For this you must speedily take a sharpe horne and make incision in the veine which is aboue the nosthrils and that just in the middest thereof and as high as possibly you can hereupon the beast will presently faint but come vnto himself againe within a short time after and that sometime to his good but sometimes and that doth oftner fall out vnto his euill Some Shepheards haue tried the letting of them bloud in some small quantitie in the Temples and haue found it to ease them sometimes as otherwise for such as haue had the cough or cold they haue giuen a spoonefull of Aqua vitae with Mithridate For the Plague there is the like remedies for beasts as there is for men and I thinke that
this sort of cattell is the more subiect vnto it than any other as is also the Swine in respect of the filthinesse thereof and stinking of the dung But for the better preuenting thereof it hath beene deuised and thought good oftentimes to perfume their cratches vvith such sweet hearbes as hath beene spoken of before as Penniroyall wild Balme Rue and Iuniper-berries and oftentimes to make them eat amongst their meat common Melilot in steed of free and mountaine Melilot commonly called Cytisus and of wild Penniroyall moreouer Organie as also wild Balme is good as well for this disease as for the cough If the sheepe become lame through tendernesse of his clawes too much softened by hauing stood ouer long vpon his owne dung and that in such sort as that hecaâ— not goe your must cut off the tip of his so decayed claw or clawes and put thereupon quicke lime tying it on with some linnen cloth and this is to be continued onely 〈◊〉 the space of a day and then vpon the day following to applie vnto it some veâ—â—igrease and thus to vse these two things in the like courses so long as vntill the hooâ—e be whole and sound If the sheepe haue swallowed a Horse-leach then you must put downe into his throte strong Vinegar vvhich is vvarme or else Oyle If the sheepe haue any Impostume in the vpper part of her flesh then it must be opened and Salt pouned small and burned and mixed with melted pitch must be put into the wound When the Ewe is with Lambe if she haue a blacke tongue it is a signe that she will haue a blacke Lambe and contrariwise and so a Lambe partie coloured if her tongue haue spots of diuers colours The Wolfe will doe no hurt vnto the sheepe if you tie wild Garleeke vnto the necke of him that goeth formost It is good also to succour Lambes if they need as whether they haue an ague or some other disease if they be sicke they must be taken from their dammes but giue them notwithstanding their milke to drinke mixt with as much raine water if they haue an ague Oftentimes they haue the scabbe and itch vpon their chin after they haue eaten grasse couered ouer with deaw The remedie is to take Hyssope and as much bruised Salt together and therewith to rubbe the pallate of the mouth the tongue and all the muzzle and afterward to wash the vlcers with Vinegar and so to annoint them with tarre and swines-grease Beware of eating any sheepes feet whereout you haue not taken a worme that lyeth betwixt their clawes for this worme swallowed downe doth prouoke vomit loathing and great paine of the stomach As for the rest the runnet of a Lambe drunken is good against all sorts of poysons The bowels or lungs of a Weather newly killed applied vnto the head is soueraigne against frensies for such as are deadly grieued with head-ach The lungs of a sheepe dried and made into powder doth heale the kibes of the heeles The fell of a sheepe newly kild applied to the broken beaten or blew parts of the bodie so made by rodds of twiggs by treading vpon or such like is a speedie and singular remedie for the same prouided that they haue not beene caused by the biting of a Wolfe The wooll of a sheepe doth appeale the aches and swellings of such places as it is applied vnto so that they haue not been caused of the touch of any Wolues tooth for so in steed of taking away the paine it would aggrauate and increase it And which is more as Plutarch maketh mention in his small workes the wooll of a Weather or Ewe touched with the teeth of a Wolfe doth make it apt to ingender rottennesse but contrariwise in the flesh as making it more tender and delicate by the biting of it for as much as the breath of the Wolfe is so hot and burning as that it melteth and digesteth the verie bones in his stomach Candles made of the sewet of a Weather or Ramme of it selfe and without any thing mixt with it put in a chest among clothes or linnen doth keepe them from the Mise The dung of Ewes with vinegar doth cure all hanging warts as hard swellings whether they be called cat-haires or cornes Now hauing spoken thus generally of Sheepe their profits natures qualities keepings and preseruations we will a little according to the opinion of Serres made further into their vse and properties you shall then vnderstand that sheepe are two waies two fold first they are either pasture sheepe or field sheepe sheepe bred either of a fruitfull ground and rich leare or vpon barren ground and poore leare your pasture Sheepe are those vvhich are kept in seuerall and inclosed grounds being either fertile or hard and haue their preseruation either for breed or the shambles and the field sheepe are those which are kept on the tylth or sallow fields or else vpon open and wast commons and are preserued either for breed or the manuring of arable ground and those sheepe which are to walke vpon the fallow fields you shall put to the Ramme rather before than after Michaelmas that their Lambes may haue strength before May day to follow their dammes ouer the clots and rough grounds and your pasture sheepe you shall put to the Rammes not before S. Lukes day that the dammes may haue full bit and strength of grasse to feed vp and fatten their Lambes quickly for the choyce of your sheepe for any of these soiles you shall take such as agree with the leare and colour of your earth rather bringing them from a worse soyle to a better than from a good soyle to a bad knowing withall that your fat earth though it beare a great sheepe and much burthen of vvooll yet it is but course and your barren earths though it beare but a small sheepe and smaller burthen of wooll yet if the leare be right the vvooll will be finest and deerest except the soyle be verie much cold or verie much moist and then the staple will be but hairie as may be seene in the Northerne and lesse fruitfull Countries Now for the leares of sheepe you shall vnderstand that the browne hazell leare is of all other the best the redd leare next to it the yellow leare next to the redd and the dunne dyrtie leare of all other the worst and least profitable all manner of sand grounds yeeld good leares so doe most of your mixt earths your clays if not too wet are reasonable but your flyntie grauelly peeble soiles yeeld neuer any goodnesse at all your doded vvhite fast sheepe that is rough and well woolled about the eyes is euer profitable both to the sheares and the shambles being commonly of good bone are good burthen but the bare or blacke fast sheepe though he may haue a good coat yet it is so light that he cannot be held much
and Centaurie alike much of all two ounces of the seed of turneps harts 〈◊〉 one ounce and vvith vvhite vvine it will serue to take at three times the day after the three aboue named you shall make him a clyster of the decoction of Wormewood and Rue putting thereto in the strayned liquor two Oxe-galls and an 〈◊〉 of Aloes Against the flux of the bellie which some vse to call the current there is made a drinke of great seruice and vse of the powder of gals with red vvine and the flower of starch tempered together or else iâ— the flux come of taking cold giue him 〈◊〉 dipt in sweet Red vvine and Rose-water and rub his reines and bellie with 〈◊〉 vvine Oyle of Roses and a little Salt For the flux of bloud passing by vrine you must let him bloud of the veine of 〈◊〉 breast afterward make a decoction of Wheat with sweet Seame and the powder of the rinds of drie Pomegranats straine them all to make a drinke for to giue him euerie morning not putting him to any trauell at all Likewise you shall applie a 〈◊〉 plasme vnto his backe and reines made vvith Knoâ—grasse Boleâ—armoniacke and the bloud of the beast mingled together with strong vinegar or thicke red vvine which may also serue for them that haue their reines relaxed or haue beene pricked vvith 〈◊〉 Lancet A restie horse for to make him goe forward must haue a coarde tyed vnto 〈◊〉 cods and it must be so long as that reaching betwixt his forelegs it doe come vp 〈◊〉 high as that the rider may hold it in his hands and so may pull it hard wheâ—as the horse should offer to goe backward but if it be in a Gelding you must bumbast 〈◊〉 buttocks with a good long sticke taken hot out of the fire and burnt at the end for 〈◊〉 will make him goe and likewise if you vse the same course in his rearings it will â—â—â—rect him and make him leaue them If the horse at any time vvith eating of his hay doe eat any venimous beast as Scâ—â—pion Spider or the venimous flie called Buprestis he must be couered till he 〈◊〉 and then in all hast let him bloud in the roofe of his mouth which so soone as it is 〈◊〉 forth shall be giuen him againe to drinke warme and in such quantitie as it 〈◊〉 forth for his meat giue him leekes and wheat boyled together Looke more aboâ—â— in the Chapter of the Neat-heard or Oxe-keeper For the stinging of Vipers a liue Cocke slit through the middest and applied warme vnto the vvound is much worth and presently after this a powder of the 〈◊〉 of yellow Daffodill with strong vvine and Salt made all in a drinke for him or 〈◊〉 the root leaues and fruit of vvild vine made in ashes and drunke with good 〈◊〉 or else take presently that kind of buglosse called Echium and draw out of it a good pint of juice hauing first watered it vvith vvhite vvine or vvater of Cardâ—us 〈◊〉 It you perceiue that the leafe vvill not yeeld you juice ynough of it selfe 〈◊〉 the horse first to drinke that vvhich you haue and after applie the substance of 〈◊〉 hearbe vpon and about the stung place and couer it The Shrew by her biting of the Horse maketh him oftentimes to dye as 〈◊〉 haue oftentimes seene both in Horse and Oxen this is a beast as bigge as a 〈◊〉 of the colour of a Weâ—ill vvith a long snout and a short tayle she fasteneth vpon 〈◊〉 infecteth most chiefly the cods and maketh foure small vvounds for to heal◠〈◊〉 venimous biting you must cause him presently to take downe through the â—â—ose â—â—â—â—leaues stamped or powdred with vvater and to applie vnto the place that is 〈◊〉 â—ummin and Garleeke stamped together and in case there be any vlcer you must â—ment the place with Brine or with the decoction of the Mirtle-tree and to scatter â—nd sprinkle thereupon the powder of burned Barley or of a Pomegranat rinde â—ooke more in the chapter of the Ox-keeper The biting of a madde dogge hath for a singular remedie if it be vsed before it be 〈◊〉 daies the flowers of Medicke fodder burned and mixed with old Swinesâ—rease and applied vnto the wound or else to stampe it with old white Wine and â—â—use him to drinke it Also the root of the Eglantine-tree made in powder and put â—pon the wound or giuen him to drinke with good old Wine Likewise the Berâ—ies of Elder-tree or the juice of the leaues thereof or of Ashe-tree Hens dung swallowed by hap bringeth frets and wrings in the bellie for which â—â—ke of old Smallage and drie two ounces and cause him to drinke them with Wine â—nd Honie afterward walke him vntill his bellie rumble and that he begin to dung The leane horse may be made fat if you giue him to eat Fasels or long Pease boyâ—ed in vvater and mixt amongst his prouender but and if he should be so weake as â—hat he could not swallow them downe you must strengthen and get him into couâ—age againe making him sup egge-yolkes with sugar in verie good quantitie warme vvater mixt with Salt and meale of Millet and giuen to the horse doth greatly fat him Also Panicke Rice and Millet boyled and mixt with Beane-meale and Salt â—are excellent good and it would be giuen him foure times a day but not much at a time least the horse should cast it vp againe It commeth to passe sometimes that Mares are troubled with a kind of rage that is to say vvhen they see their owne pictures in the vvater they are taken with loue and hereupon they forget to eat and drinke and drie vp their heat or signe of desiring the horse The signes of this madnesse are manifested by their running thrâ—â—gh the pastures as if they were spurred oftentimes looking round about them as if they sought and desired something They are cured of this madnesse by being brought vnto the water for when they see by their shadows how ill fauoured they be they will forget the first shape which they had beheld before For a Horse that is troubled with the Yellowes you shall first let him bloud in the necke veine and in the roofe of the mouth then take a quart of Ale a handfull of Celandine fine spoonefuls of Honey three ounces of Cummin seed beaten to pouder a little Saffron and a handfull of Tyme boile these together then straine it and giue it the Horse to drinke luke warme If your Horse be troubled with the Staggers you shall first let him bloud in the necke veine and take from him great store of bloud then take Veriâ—ice and Bay salt beaten together with a good prettie quantitie of Assafetida and dip in Flax hurds therein stop it hard into the Horses eares and then bind them vp so as the medicine may by no meanes fall out and doe thus diuers daies together and if need
flowers of Marigolds drunke fasting haue great force to 〈◊〉 the termes of vvomen the fume or smoake of them taken through a 〈◊〉 into the secret parts doth the like and causeth the after-birth to come forth and 〈◊〉 young maides out of the Greene-sicknesse The conserue of the same 〈◊〉 haue the same vertue The women of Italie as well to prouoke the 〈◊〉 as to 〈◊〉 them doe frie the juice and tender crops of this hearbe with the yolkes of 〈◊〉 and doe eat them The verie same juice mingled with a little Wine or warme 〈◊〉 is a soueraigne remedie to asswage the extreame paines of the head and teeth 〈◊〉 one vse â—t in manner of a lotion This juice drunke to the quantitie of an ounce 〈◊〉 the weight of a French-crowne of the powder of Earth-wormes rightly prepared 〈◊〉 helpe greatly against the jaundise Some say that to eat oft of Marigold leaues 〈◊〉 make a good countenance the distilled vvater of Marigold leaues being dropt 〈◊〉 his eyes or linnen clothes wet therein and applied vnto them doth heale the 〈◊〉 of the eyes The powder of the leaues thereof dried and put in the hollow 〈◊〉 the tooth doth cure the aking of the same The juice of the flowers of Marigolds 〈◊〉 to the quantitie of two ounces in the beginning of a pestilentiall ague doth 〈◊〉 the plague so that the sicke after he hath drunke this juice doe presently lye 〈◊〉 and be made sweat being throughly couered in his bed it doth cure also the â—ndise and beating of the heart The conserue of the flowers of Marigolds doth 〈◊〉 like To drinke halfe an houre before the comming of the fit of a quartaine aguâ—â—â—out three ounces of vvhite vvine vvherein haue beene sleept seuen seeds of Mariâ—â—ds and to go ouer this drinke for diuers mornings together is a soueraigne mediâ—â—â— against a quartaine ague CHAP. XVIII Of Beets and Blites white and red BEets as well the vvhite as the blacke and red vvhich is called Bâ—tte and lotte of the inhabitants of Tourraine or Romane of the Picardes are 〈◊〉 not onely in Leâ—t but at all times especially after December vntill March and in August to the end that there may alwaies be in a reaâ—nesse both old and young and for to gather feed which may endure good thrâ—â—â—â—ares And for this cause you must take them vp and plant them againe when they 〈◊〉 put forth fiue leaues and put vnto the roots a little new dung and afterward 〈◊〉 and raise their earth and free them quite from vveeds they are apt and easie â—â—ough to grow and though they be cut yet they will spring againe if they be planâ—â—d in a fat and well manured ground They haue this speciall and as it were admiâ—â—ble qualitie in them namely that they neuer come to their full perfection vntil the 〈◊〉 yeare after they be sowen in respect whereof I could aduise the gardiner not 〈◊〉 gather any seeds of the beets to sow but such as the beet shall bring forth the third 〈◊〉 for of such seed there grow verie faire and goodly beets If you would make choyce of faire beets chuse rather the white than either the â—lacke or red as being the fairest and tenderest but to haue such as shall be verie â—reat and vvhite you must couer the root with the new dung of Oxen and cleaue in â—nder their sprout as is done with Leekes and to lay vpon them a large and broad â—one or a bricke If you would haue your beets red water them with the Lees of 〈◊〉 Wine or else plant them in such a place as wherein they may haue great heat 〈◊〉 the Sunne Beets â—aten in pottage doe loose the bellie the juice of beets drawne vp into the â—â—ose doth purge the braine the same juice â—ubbed vpon the head causeth Lice and 〈◊〉 to die The roots of beets roasted in the ashes and eaten do take away the ill 〈◊〉 that commeth of eating Garleeke The root of beets stamped and cast in wine â—oth turne the same within three houres after into vinegar Blites are sowne in March and are not long in comming out of the earth If they 〈◊〉 sowen in a well tilled ground they will also grow the next yeare following withâ—ut any new sowing in such manner as that the ground will hardly be rid of them 〈…〉 craue no weeding or sweeping Blites doe loose the bellie their decoction wherein hath boyled the roots and â—â—aues killeth licâ— and nits their leaues roasted amongst ashes or boyled doe healâ—â—â—rnings the first boyling of Blites with the gall of an Oxe and the Oyle of 〈◊〉 â—oth take away all spots out of garments without doing any harme 〈◊〉 presently 〈◊〉 you must wash the place with warme water CHAP. XIX Of Arrach and Spinage THe hearbe Arrach in Latine called Atriplex aswell the white and 〈◊〉 as the greene doe naturally grow in grounds manured with 〈◊〉 and in such place as where there hath beets growne at other time 〈◊〉 become red in the same sort that beets doe in a fat and well 〈◊〉 ground But they are sowne in Februarie March and Aprill and they would 〈◊〉 sowne thin and not thicke and oftentimes watered Some sow them in 〈◊〉 to gather them in Winter They will not be remoued but rather wed 〈◊〉 dunged with good dung often cut and pruned and that with an yron toole 〈◊〉 they may not spend themselues in turning all their substance into leaues But 〈◊〉 after the time that the seed is scattered vpon the earth it must presently be 〈◊〉 with earth and they must be sowne as cleare as may be that so they may 〈◊〉 and come faire and goodly ones In lesse than fiâ—teene daies they be readie to 〈◊〉 The Italians vse to make a kind of Tart of Arraches They chop small the 〈◊〉 and stampe them with cheese fresh butter and the yolkes of Egges afterward 〈◊〉 put them in paste and bake them in the ouen Spinage so called because his seed is prickly is of two sorts the male and 〈…〉 the female beareth no seed Both of them are â—owen in August Septemâ—â— and October for to be vsed in Lent time and in December Ianuarie and 〈◊〉 for Sommer they beare out the roughnesse of all seasons verie well and 〈◊〉 whether it be frost cold or snow they grow also in any ground so that 〈…〉 well dressed and somewhat moist they require to the end they may prosper 〈◊〉 and spring quickly to be watered euery euening and to be couered either 〈…〉 or stubble they stand not in need to be wed but if they be cut oft they grow the 〈◊〉 And he that would haue them to continue long and flourish must at 〈…〉 cut off the one halfe of the stalke and at another time the other halfe Likewise 〈◊〉 that would haue them to continue sometime without being sowne euerie year 〈◊〉 at the first when he soweth them see that the seed be a good full and
A Linimenâ— made of Garlicke Salt and Vineger killeth Nits and Lice The decoction of Garlicke not bruised giuen in Clysters or applyed vnto thâ— bellie in manner of a fomentation assuageth the paine of the Colicke and expelleth wind Against an old Cough comming of a cold cause it is verie good to rub the soles of the feet the backe bone and wrists of the hands with an Oyntment oâ— Liniment made of three Garlicke heads well powned and beaten in Swinâ— Seame Against the paine of the Teeth comming of a cold cause there is nothing beâ—ter than to hold in the mouth Vineger or the decoction of Garlicke or to apply vnto the aking tooth three cloues of Garlicke stamped in Vineger For the killing of Wormes in children it is good to giue them to eat Garlicke with fresh Butter or else to make a Cataplasme thereof to lay vpon the Stomacke They which can scarce or hardly make their Water or are subiect vnto the Stone receiue great comfort by eating of Garlicke To keepe Birds from hâ—â—ting of young Fruit you must hang at the boughes of those Trees some quantitie of Garlicke CHAP. XXV Of Scalioâ—s SCalions are like vnto Garlicke in tast and smell but in stalke and fashion the leaues resemble Onions saue onely that out of their head there grow manie hulles or huskes which bring forth manie round little leaues They thriue and grow better when they be set than when they be sowne for when they be sowne there is no great hope of their comming to any fairenesse before the second yeare They may be planted from the first day of Nouember vnto the moneth of Februarie to haue the fruit thereof the next Spring and they are planted as Garlicke But in the meane time you must gather 〈◊〉 before the March Violets doe flower for if one vse them not before that they be flowred they will fall away and become but sillie ones They are knowne to be ripe if their leaues begin to drie away below For to cause them to haue 〈◊〉 and thicke heads you must put brickes round about their rootes as hath beene said of Leekes As concerning the vse of Scalions there is no great helpe or profit to be hoped for or expected except of such as are giuen more to their pleasure than to their health for the Scalion serueth for no other thing but to prouoke and stirre folke 〈◊〉 the act of carnall copulation and to haue a good appetite They haue the same veâ—â—wes that Garlicke saue onely that they be somewhat troublesome to the 〈◊〉 because of their more sharpe and subtle tast CHAP. XXVI Of Parsley PArsley craueth no great labour but loueth a stonie and sandie ground for which cause it is called Parsley againe it craueth not anie store of manure wherefore it will be good to sow it vnder Arbors It desireth aboue all things to be well watred and if it so fall out as that it be sowne or planted neere vnto anie Fountaine or Riuer it groweth verie faire and in great quantitie And if anie be desirous that it should haue large leaues hee must put into a faire Linnen Cloth so much seed as he can hold in his three fingers and so cast it amongst the stones in the ground or else he must put in a Goats trottle a quantitie of Parsley seed and so set or sow it And he that will haue it curled must bruise the seed with a pestle of Willow to the end that the huske may breake and fall off and afterward wrap it in a Linnen Cloth and so put it in the ground Otherwise without thus much to doe it may be made to curle howsoeuer it be sowne if you draw a Rowler vpon it so soone as it beginneth to grow It is a good time to sow it from mid May vntill the Sunne be risen to his highest point in the Heauens for it somewhat craueth the heat The seed thereof that is but a yeare old is nothing worth for looke how much elder the seed is by so much it is the better and endureth a long time vnsowne in such sort as that it will not be needfull to sow or plant it of fiue yeares although when it is sowne it groweth not vnder the space of threescore daies Notwithstanding to cause it to grow and put more speedily out of the earth it behoueth that the seed be steeped in vineger some certaine time and after sowne in a well toyled ground and filled or mixed with one halfe of the ashes of Beane stalkes and after it is sowne it must be oft watered and sleightly with a little Aqua vitae and by and by after the watering to lay aloft it a piece of Cloth that the heat thereof may not be spent and breath away and by this meanes it will grow vp within a few houres and then you must take off the Cloth couering it and water it oft and by this meanes it will haue both a high stalke and great leaues A Cataplasme made of the leaues of Parsley with the crummes of White bread doth heale a Tettar or Ringworme doth resolue the swellings of the Breasts and maketh Women that are brought in bed to loose their Milke The iuice of Parsley drawne â—ut with vineger and mixt with a little salt helpeth Women that are in trauell to be deliuered The often vse of Parsley taketh away the stinking of the breath especially from such as haue drunke much Wine or eaten Garlicke And therefore such as vse to keepe companie much and haue an ill breath must not goe vnprouided of good store of fresh Parsley to chew or hold in their mouthes The decoction of the roots or leaues of Parsley helpeth downe Womens termes 〈◊〉 Vrine casteth out Grauell contained in the Vrinarie vessels taketh away the paine of the Colicke and of the Reines applyed in manner of a fomentation vpon the pained parts It serueth also for the obstructions of the Liuer but better for such as are flegmaticke than for the cholericke or those that are of sanguine complexion The leaues of Parsley cast vpon the water of Fish-ponds doe recreate and reioyce the sicke and diseased Fish CHAP. XXVII Of Rocket and Tarragon ROcket being an hearbe verie vsuall in Salads and good to temper the coldnesse of Lettuces may be sowne as well in Winter as in Summeâ— for it feareth not cold nor other iniurie of the ayre neither doth it â—â—quire anie great labour it loueth notwithstanding to be 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 in a grauellie ground Rocket must not be eaten by it selfe by reason of the great heat that it maketh in them that eat it and for that cause it hath commonly for his companion in Salads the leaues of Lettuce seeing that the one of these doth notably temper the other It is good notwithstanding to prouoke vrine applyed in forme of a Cataplasme vpon the share bone And some say that three leaues
through a Limbecke in Maries-bath doth maruailously heale the Agues caused of the obstructions of any noble part and which is more it killeth the wormes and wipeth away all the spots of the face it they be often washed therewith It is exceeding good against the inflammation of the eyes It is verie soueraigne against any infection or mortall sicknesse if it be drunke with Water and Honie it abateth the swelling of the bodie and easeth the colicke whether it be in the stomach or in the bowels it also cureth the biting or stinging of venimous beasts and it causeth a woman to be deliuered of her dead birth The root is a present remedie against the Plague not onely in men but also in all â—orts of cattell it is a speciall preseruatiue against all poyson and a meanes to withstand all putrefaction in regard whereof the Switzers mingle it amongst their owne meat and the sodder or prouender of their cattell that so they may continue in good health Arsmart so called because the leaues applied to the fundament for to wipe it doe cause great paine and of the Latines Hydropiper doth require a marshie ground full of water or at the least verie moist or often watered and it groweth rather being planted of a root then sowne of seed It is verie singular in ointments for old vlcers and fistulaes as also in clysters for bloudie fluxes the leaues thereof washed in cold water and applied vnto wounds and vlcers either of man or beast doe take away by and by the paine thereof and doth throughly heale them as the swellings or gaules vnder the saddles of horses that 〈◊〉 hurt if they be renewed euerie day and the horse needs not to be forborne for all that Or else take the hearbe new steepe it in water and wash it then rub therewith the swolne or gauled place then put the hearbe in some place where it may quickly rot or else burie it in some fat ground and coâ—er it with a great stone so soone as the â—hearbe is rotted so soone will the fore be healed If you spread it all greene in the bed it killeth fleas you shall keep powdred proke from wormes if you wrap it in the leaues of this hearbe thâ— juice thereof dropped into wormie eares doth kill the wormes that is in them Eye-bright delighteth in a leane ground and shadowed place and yet where moiâ—ture is not altogether wanting such as are the meadows and little mountaines is groweth of roots not of seed It is singular good against the dimnesse waterishnesse â—ataract rheume and weaknesse of the eyes being either applied and layd thereto or â—aken inwardly by the mouth there is a powder made of â—he dried leaues which beâ—ng oft taken by the mouth with the yolke of an egge or alone or mixt with aloes â—nd swallowed downe with Fennell-water or with water of veruaiâ—e doth comfort â—nd strengthen mightily the weake and diseased eyes some vse much to take Winâ— wherein eye-bright hath beene infused and steept a long time for the same purpose or the powder vsed with wine but the powder alone or the decoction without wine 〈◊〉 a remedie far more certaine than the wine of eye-bright as I my selfe haue proued â—y experience in as much as the Wine by his vapours doth fill the braine and proâ—ureth rheumes and therefore if you would auoid these inconuenienees you must â—elay your Wine vvith the vvater of Fennell or mixe Sugar therewith 〈◊〉 de â—illa-noâ—a aâ—â—irmeth that by the continuall vse of this heâ—healed an old man which â—â—ad alreadie wholly lost his sight by the often vse of the leaues of this hearbe as well 〈◊〉 as drie as well in his drinke as in his meat Veruaine as well the male as the female must be planted of roots in a moist soile â—nd that it may grow the fairer it requireth to be remoued and that into a place of â—he like nature and qualitie Besides the helpes that this hearbe affordeth vnto vveake eyes it is also good aâ—ainst the paine of the head teeth and vlcers of the mouth and principally in the â—â—fections of the skinne as the itch the tetter the flying-fire the ring-worme the â—prosie the Gangrena and Shbaâ—lus if it bâ— vsed in manner of a bath 〈◊〉 in manner of a foâ—entation made with Fâ—mitorie in Water and Vinegar Elicampane must not be sowne of seed because the seed hath no power to 〈◊〉 but it must rather be planted of the young sprouts pulled gently from the 〈…〉 that in a verie well tilled ground and which hath beene manured not verie 〈…〉 yet ouershadowed It is good to plant it in the beginning of Februarie leauing 〈◊〉 foot distance betwixt plant and plant for it hath great leaues and the roots do 〈◊〉 verie much as doe the young sprouts or roots of Reed The Wine wherein the root of Elicampane hath steept for the space of four◠〈◊〉 twentie houres is singular good against the colicke as we haue alreadâ—e said in 〈◊〉 first booke the juice of the root is singular good to continue and keepe the 〈◊〉 and beautifull hew of women The decoction of the root is likewise good 〈◊〉 â—â—joyce the heart and to prouoke vrine and the termes of women as also to 〈…〉 to spit out but then it must be vsed inwardly and whiles it is new and greene 〈◊〉 when it is old and drie it is fit to be vsed outwardly and not to be taken into 〈◊〉 bodie Dittander which hath the tast of pepper and mustard for which cause it is 〈◊〉 of the Latines Piperitis must be planted before the first of March cut as the 〈◊〉 but not so oft for feare it should die with cold It will continue two 〈◊〉 prouided that it be carefully weeded and dunged it continueth in many 〈◊〉 whole ten years and it cannot easily be destroyed The root of Dittander stamped with Hogs-gâ—ease or with the root of 〈◊〉 and applied in forme of a cataplaâ—me vnto the Sciatica doth cure it throughly It taketh away the great spots freckles and scales or pilling of the face by 〈…〉 the thin skin wherein these are fixed and as for the rawnesse left after the away of this skin it is healed easily with ointment of Roses Great Celandine groweth in euerie ground so that there be any shadow 〈…〉 and it would be sowne in Februarie and may so continue ten yeares so that â—waies after it hath cast his seed the stalkes thereof be cut downe within 〈…〉 of the root The juice of the flowers mixt with honie or womans milke or some othe◠〈◊〉 asswage the sharpenesse of it doth take away the spots in the eyes 〈…〉 scartes and vicers healeth the ring-wormes and itch of the head and the 〈…〉 the haire of little children The Alchymistes doe make great account of it 〈◊〉 their extractions of mettalls Some say that the old Swallows doe recouer the 〈◊〉 of their young ones being pore-blind by applying vnto their
in white wine is verie good for such 〈◊〉 haue a hard Spleene and are subiect to a quartane Ague Bâ—â—onie delighteth to be sowne in a moist and cold ground and neere vnto some wall by which it may be shadowed for it is not 〈◊〉 in loue with the Sun-beames The root hath contrarie properties to the leaues and flowers for the root 〈◊〉 the stomacke and is verie vnsauourie vnto the mouth his leaues and flowers and of 〈◊〉 verâ—e good smell and a tast correspondent and answerable The decoction of Betonie made in white wine assuageth the paines of the 〈◊〉 breaketh the stone and healeth the Iaundise The leaues stamped and applyed 〈◊〉 forme of a Cataplasme doe quickly ioyne together the wounds of the head A Cataplasme made of the leaues with Porkes grease doth ripen the tumors called Câ—â—haires and all other sorts of Impostumes The leaues stamped with a little salt doe heale hollow and cancrous vlcâ—rs To be briefe this hearb hath so manie and so greâ—â— vertues as that the Italian when he would highly commend a man for his giâ—â— will say that he hath moe vertues than Betonie Bugle would be planted in a stonie drie and hillie ground in respect whereof the Latines call it Casolida petrosa It craueth no great paines to be taken with 〈◊〉 The leaues thereof are good to conglutinate and soulder together both outward and inward wounds it is likewise put in drinkes for wounds and that is the cause why some doe commonly say That he that hath Bugle and Sanicle will scarce vouchsâ—â—â— the Chirurgion a Bugle Lions-paw groweth in a clayish ground being withall fat red and somewhat moist commonly in medowes situated in some high place It hath like properties with Bugle and Sanicle but moreouer it taketh away all the paine and heat of inflammations and vlcers The same hearb stamped and applyed vnto the teats of women and young maids maketh them hard and firme Great Comfrey groweth in moist places and hath the same propertie that Bugle hath that is to say to soulder wounds and this is â—o great in both of them as 〈◊〉 that you put Bugle or Comfrey into a pot wherein flesh is boyling the pieces of flesh will become no more manie but one The root of great Comfrey whiles it is yet greene and newly pluckt out of the earth being spread vpon Leather or vpon Linnen and applyed in forme of a Cataplasme vpon goutie or rheumatike places doth presently appease the paine of the gout being a thing often proued and tried The same root dried and made into powder is good to put in childrenâ— pappe which haue their rimme broken as also to stay the flux of the bellie A Cataplasme made of the root of great Comfrey with Beane flower and applyed vnto the place where the childs guts fall downe is a soueraigne remedie to cuâ—â— the same Self-heale craueth a fat ground and where the Sunne beateth not much it groweth of seâ—des and not of rootes and hath like properties that Bugle and Coâ—frey haue especially to stay the spitting of bloud the bloudie flux and to conglutinate wounds within the bodie where no man can come to apply tent or oyntment if there be made a drinke of the iuice of the rootes and leaues thereof which being chafed in your fingers or put vnder your tongue doth smell and tast like Myrrhe Water Germander called of the Latines Scordium groweth verie easily and without great paine or toile so that it be planted by little slippes taken from the old stalke and set in a moist ground for it specially requireth to grow well to be plâ—â—ted in a moist ground and to be often watered It hath the like qualities that Angelica hath against Poyson and the Plague and furthermore the decoction thereof taken as a drinke for certaine daies doth heale the tertian Agues and putteth away 〈◊〉 obstructions of the Spleene and prouoketh vrine Fole-foot must be planted in a verie moist place and craueth to be often watered for so it appeareth when as it is seene to flourish and like best in marish grounds and about currents of waters There groweth a whirish mossâ— about the root of it which if you gather and picke verie cleane and afterward wrap it in a Linnen Cloth with a little Sal nitrum and so boyle it a little in Lee and afterward lay it to drie in the Sunne you shall haue an excellent match to take fire at a flint and fire-steele for it taketh fire so easily that it will light at the first stroke of the 〈◊〉 Amongst other vertues it is singular good to comfort the lungs and parts aboue the breast whether you take it in a decoction or in a syrrup or in manner of a fume at the mouth or otherwise especially if you mingle some slippes of Hysope and some figges or syrrup with the said decoction The great Colts-foot especially the root thereof dried powdred and taken in the weight of two drammes with wine is singular against the Plague if so the partie sweat presently after It is good also to giue vnto Horses which haue the bots or are short-winded The great and small Carline so called as though it were Caroline because this Thistle was in a diuine manner made knowne vnto Charlemaigne by an Angell for the deliuering of his hoast from the Plague which did miserably annoy them doth require to be sowne and planted in a drie ground and stonie and where the Moone and Sunne doth shine pleasantly The root of the great Carline made into powder and taken the weight of a French crowne is singular good against the Plague the feeblenesse and faintnesse of the Heart for the keeping of the Vrine the breaking of the Stone the paines of the Sides and Conuulsions applyed outwardly after it hath beene steept in vineger it helpeth the Sciatica Eringium groweth in an vntilled rough and drie ground The wine wherein the rootes of Eringium haue been boyled prouoketh the Termes and restrained Vrine breaketh the Stone and casteth out it and Grauell It is good for such as haue the falling Sicknesse Dropsie or Iaundise The decoction of the root is singular good to resist Drunkennesse The distilled water of the young buds of the leaues being drunke euerie day and that so oft as one can is maruellous good for them which haue their bodies troubled with vlcers caused of the French Pocks in as much as it comforteth the Liuer The same water is verie profitable for the quartane and quotidian Agues The root thereof taken either in powder or in a decoction with the broth of those Frogges which are vsed to be eaten or for lacke of Frogges in the decoction of a Goslin or green Goose is a preseruatiue against the poyson of the Toad Hedgefrogge and other venimous hearbes It doth good also in the diseases of the heart being drunke with the decoction of Buglosse or Balme Beares-breech
the seed of Gromell to the quantitie of two drammes Ceterach halfe a dramme and Amber two scruples all being powdred with the iuice of Plantaine or Purcelane or Lettuce In like manner two drammes of the seed of Gromell with womens milke doth much comfort and strengthen a woman in her child-birth Hyporicum loueth the like entreatie that Gromell loueth and yet withall it doth refuse a fat and well tilled soyle The iuice of the leaues and flowers healeth cuts and wounds The seed drunke with white wine taketh away the tertian Ague The flowers and crops are principally in vse to make Balmes of for the curing of wounds such like as this is Take of the fruit of the Elme tree the flowers of Hypericum and the buds of Roses put them all together in a Glasse-bottle and set them in the Sunne so long as vntill you see them all so altered and changed as that they may seem to be rotted then straine them all through a linnen cloth and reserue it for your vse See further in the third Booke of the oyle of Hypericum Ground-pine loueth a drie sandie and stonie soyle and groweth better planted than sowne The whole hearbe boyled in honied water doth heale the laundise prouoke the termes in Women prouoke Vrine and is soueraigne against the Sciatica either taken in drinke or applyed vpon the hippe in forme of a Cataplasme for the whole hearbe with the flowers and roots made into powder and taken at the mouth fortie daies with halfe an ounce of Turpentine doth throughly heale the Sciatica The conserue made of the flowers is good for such as are subiect vnto the Palsie The whole hearbe boyled in vineger and taken at the mouth doth minister insinit helpe to a trauailing women when the child is dead in her bodie Agrimonie would be planted in a stonie and drie place and further craueth no great helpe of hand or husbandrie The decoction openeth the obstructions of the Liuer and strengtheneth it and it being boyled and drunke doth helpe against the bitings of venimous beasts The iuice of Agrimonie mixt with vineger and salt in a Liniment doth cure the Itch. Agrimonie is good against the cough of Sheepe and for broken-winded Horses The liquor of the decoction of Agrimonie with fumitorie made like Whay doth prouoke Vrine expell the Termes heale the Itch and Scab of the whole bodie whereupon it is singular in the beginning of the Leprosie The seed mixt with the iuice of Agrimonie and taken in manner of pilles doth kill the Wormes The Stagge being shot and wounded is healed so soone as he hath eaten of this hearbe If you gather good store of this hearbe and steepe it in faire Spring water in a large earthen pot till the water putrifie and then euerie morning wash the face therein it will take away all manner of Morphew Sunne-burning Farn-freckles and other spots or dunnesse of the skinne whatsoeuer making the same also cleare and smooth and filling vp euerie manner of wrinekle Some likewise vse in this case to vse with Agrimonie the like quantitie of Goose-grasse and sure it is not amisse for they haue both one manner of force and working White Mullein groweth euerie where but best in a stonie and sandie ground The white Mullein both leaues flowers rootes and seed is singular good against all manner of venime as also to containe in his place the falling Fundament Good wiues in like manner for this consideration doe make a fume of the seed and flowers of Mullein the flowers of Camomill and Masticke all made into 〈◊〉 The iuice pressed from the root before it put forth his stalke and drunke foureâ—â—â—â— in the quantitie of an ounce with Hippocras or Malmesey in the beginning of a 〈◊〉 of a quartane Feauer doth driue it quite away The iuice pressed out of the floweâ—â— or leaues applyed to Warts doth take them cleane away Likewise Gentlewomâ—n find no better remedie than the iuice of white Mullein flowers to take away the wrinckles and other blemishes in their face The leaues bruised betwixt two stoneâ— and applyed in forme of a Cataplasme vpon the foot of a Horse that hath beene cloyed doth affoord him a singular and present reliefe The water distilled of the flowers quencheth the firinesse of the face if there be a little Camphire added thereâ— unto It doth in like manner with the tumor called Erisipelas the itch burnings 〈◊〉 other diseases of the skin The flowers of white Mullein with the yolke of an eggâ— crummes of bread and the leaues of Leeks applyed vnto the Hemorrhoids doe 〈◊〉 them altogether There groweth about the leaues of white Mullein a whitish 〈◊〉 which is good to make match or tinder to take fire Mercurie craueth one and the same ground with the Vine there to be sowne and grow in great aboundance without anie great care of husbanding and yet thâ—â—â— must care and regard be had not to sow it among Vines because the wine which 〈◊〉 Vines should yeeld amongst whom Mercurie hath beene sowne would retaine the tast of Mercurie and become verie vnpleasant to drinke The iuice of Mercurie being drunke helpeth conception prouoketh womeâ—â— termes and deliuereth them of their after-birth The decoction of Mercurie doâ—â— loose the bellie being drunke or taken in a Clyster Some make a honey of the 〈◊〉 of Mercurie with a halfe quantitie of honey and this is good for laxatiue Clysteâ—â— The iuice of Mercurie taketh away Warts the seed of Mercurie in a decoction with Wormewood doth cure the Iaundise and the iuice thereof with vineger doth ripâ— vp the scab and scurffe Yarrow doth grow in a ground that is indifferent fat and moist The decoctioâ— thereof doth stay all manner of fluxes and especially the red termes of women 〈◊〉 also that which commeth of a wound especially the leaues dried made in powder and drunke with the iuice or water of Comfrey or Plantaine The leafe put into the nose stayeth the bleeding and put into a Clyster it stayeth the bloudie flux Milfoile bearing a white flower being powned with his flower and drunke with 〈◊〉 distilled from the same and Goats milke doth cure the burning of the vrine in 〈◊〉 and the whites in women Danewort groweth better plunted than sowne and craueth a fat ground well â—â—nured and somewhat moist The iuice pressed from the roots of Danewort being drunke for a certaine time preserueth a man from the Gout The seed of Danewort being well washed and drunke in powder to the quantitie of a dramme hauing beene first steeped a whole night in Wine doth helpe the Dropsie because it procureth stooles downward and vomit vpward to the voiding of great store of water Being drunke also with the dâ—coction of ground Pine it asâ—uageth the paine of the Gout and Pocks There is also made a soueraigne Oyntment of the same for the appeasing of the said paines Taâ—â— the iuice of the roots of Danewort the flowers of Rye and
difficultie of Vrine it strengtheneth the Reines â—nd healeth the bitings of venimous beasts The distilled water thereof is good aâ—ainst both quotidian and quartane Feauers it helpeth the French disease and stopâ—eth salt humors Then lastly Feniculus Porcinus which delighteth a great deale â—ore in the shade than in the Sunne-shine it would be sowne or planted either in 〈◊〉 Spring time or in Autumne it comforteth much the sinewes and strengtheneth â—eake backes To conclude those hearbes which affect the South is first the blessed Thistle of â—hich we haue spoke before Then Veruaine of which there be two sorts the male â—nd the female both desire to be planted from the roots in good ground either in the â—pring or in Autumne This hearbe is of great reputation especially amongst the â—omanes who vse if continually amongst their Inchantments it taketh away the â—aine of the Teeth and it healeth anie old Vlcer it is good against anie Feaâ—er easeth the paine of the Collicke and expelleth Grauell Then Saxifrage which is of two sorts the great and the lesse they may be sowne or planted in anie good ground which is fat and light in the moneth of March The chiefest 〈◊〉 of this hearbe is to breake the Stone prouoke Vrine helpe womens Termes and 〈◊〉 driue away all euill humours out of the Stomacke Then Pionie of which wee 〈◊〉 spoken before Then Hermole or the Turkes hearbe which loueth a fat blacke and drie mould it may be either planted or sowne The vertue of this hearbe 〈◊〉 to make one to hold his Vrine the powder of it being taken either in Broth or 〈◊〉 white Wine Then Acanthus or Brankvrsine is an hearbe which the auncient Aâ—chitects were wont to carue infolding and imbracing their Columnes or Pyllastâ—â— of the Corinthian fashion Whence it came that the Romanes of auncient 〈◊〉 did call it Marmoralia because such Pillars commonly were of Marble It is 〈◊〉 be sowne in the moneths of March or Aprill in a well tilled Garden his 〈◊〉 are good against the Stone and stay the flux of the bellie Then Aristolochia 〈◊〉 both kinds of which wee haue spoken before Then Perforatio which is so called from the affection that it beareth to the Sunne it may be sowne in the Spring 〈◊〉 in anie light earth The seed of this hearbe beaten to powder and drunke in 〈◊〉 Wine cureth a tertian Feauer and easeth those which are troubled with the 〈◊〉 or Sciatica if the powder of it be cast vpon Vlcers it also healeth them and the decoction of the leaues thereof prouoketh Vrine exceedingly Then Arum 〈◊〉 also delighteth in a good Soyle rather moist than drie it flourisheth most in Iune and the leaues thereof are like the leaues of Millet and when it is in the prime 〈◊〉 hath a yellow colour like vnto Saffron it is to be sowne onely in the moneth of March This hearbe is verie soueraigne against the Gout and driueth away 〈◊〉 flegmaticke humours if it be bruised it cureth old Vlcers and all wounds or â—â—tings giuen by the Wolfe the leaues boyled in Wine helpeth bruises and displaced members or bones out of ioint it helpeth the Hemorrhoids also Then 〈◊〉 of which we haue spoke before Then Carline which tooke the name from Charlâ—â— the great King of France who by the vse of it onely cured himselfe of the Plaguâ— it loueth a drie stonie ground and where it may haue the strength of the Sunnâ— beames it must be sowne in the Spring time or else planted from the root 〈◊〉 powder of this hearbe being drunke chaseth away all infection and prouokâ—â— Vrine it is good against all Conuulsions and being made into a Cataplasme â—â—â—tifieth and strengtheneth the heart if it be steeped or mixed well with vineger 〈◊〉 easeth either the Gout or the Sciatica being applyed vnto the place grieued Thâ— little Germander which differeth not much from water Germander onely it â—â—ueth a drie and stonie earth and rather a hot than a cold it loueth the 〈◊〉 beames and is rather to be planted from the root than sowne from the seed 〈◊〉 in the Spring time or in Autumne it is good against infection and helpeth 〈◊〉 Feauers it helpeth the Epilepsis paine in the head and anie other griefes of 〈◊〉 braine it cureth Conuulsions the Gout and warmeth the entrailes Then Nicâ—â—â—ana or Tabacco of which wee haue spoken before Then Peper which must 〈◊〉 planted immediately after Winter in a well tilled earth and endureth long in Gâ—â—dens without anie helpe of transplanting Then Camomill which is of three 〈◊〉 differing onely in the colours of their flowers for the one is white the other yellâ—â— and the third purple It loueth an earth cold and drie it is best planted from 〈◊〉 root or slippe either in Autumne or the Spring time it loueth to be oft troden 〈◊〉 or pressed downe and therefore is most placed in Alleyes Bankes or Seats in 〈◊〉 Garden It is good against a tertian Feauer and the bath which is made 〈◊〉 strengtheneth much weake members and comforteth the sinewes both of the 〈◊〉 and legges it comforteth also the reines The water thereof also distilled is 〈◊〉 good for the same purposes and the iuice thereof mixed with womans 〈◊〉 Rosewater and the iuice of Housleeke warmed and a Rose-cake steeped 〈◊〉 with a Nutmeg grated on it and so applyed vnto the temples of the head â—keth away all paine therein how violent soeuer it be Diuers other hearbes 〈◊〉 be which are of like natures to these alreadie rehearsed but from the experience 〈◊〉 these a reasonable iudgement may find how to plant nourish and vse anie whatsoeuer There be also diuers purgatiue Simples as Rhubarbe Agaricke and such like which for as much as our Soyles will not endure or beare them I will here omit to speake of them onely a word or two of the hearbe Sene which is somewhat more frequent with vs and is of that delicate holesome and harmelesse nature in his working and operation that it may be tearmed the Prince or Head of Simples Then touching Sene you shall vnderstand that it beareth little small thicke leaues vpon a high large stalke it hath flowers of the colour of gold with diuers purple veines running vpon them Some take the Hearbe which Theophrastus writeth of called Colutea to be Sene but they are deceiued therein for the one is a Tree and no Hearbe and the other is an Hearbe and no Tree besides diuers other differences needlesse here to repeat all which are at large see downe by Anthonie Mirauld Doctor of Physicke and a Bourbonois in his booke intituled Maison Champestre It may be planted either from the stalke or root like Rosemarie in anie good fertile and drie soyle where it may haue the full reflection of the Sunne and the season best and fittest for the same plantation is at the later end of Autumne As touching the choice of the best Sene that hath euer the best reputation which is brought from Alexandria in Syria as
of the colour in this case you shall distill your vinegar either in a Limbecke or other ordinarie Still and with the water which commeth from it which will be of a most pure and chrystaline colour and is indeed the spirit and sharpest part of the vinegar you shall preserue your flowers and then without doubt they will not abate any part at all of their owne brightnesse and colour White yellow and red Gillo-flowres do craue the like ordering that the March Violet doth and grow better vpon walls house tops and old ruines of stone than planted or tilled in gardens especially the yellow which come neerer to the resemblance of a shrub than of an hearbe hauing hard and wooddy stalkes and set full of branches commonly called of Apothecaries Keyâ—y The seed of Gillo-flowres stampt and drunke with white wine is soueraigne to prouoke womens termes and to further deliuerance in them that trauell Daisies must not be sowen but planted after the manner of violets this is the least kind of the 〈◊〉 which is likewise found in the fields without being tilled it flourisheth all the yeare long if it be well ordered Daisies stampt with Mugwort resolueth the King-euill A Cataplaâ—me made of Daisies is good for the palsie and all manner distillations For wounds in the brest whereinto tents may be put it is good to dâ—inke by and by a drinke made of stamped Daisies they heale the pastules of the tongue if they be chewed as also of the mouth being braied they asswage the inflammation of the priuie members eaten in sallades or broth of flesh they loosen the bellie Purple Veluet flower called in Latine Aramanthus doth recreate more with his colour than with any smell that it hath for it smelleth nothing at all notwithstanding who so will haue it in their gardens must plant it in a drie and sandie place The flower supt in pottage doth stay the flux of the bellie the termes and white flowers of vvomen the spitting of bloud especially if there be any veine broken or bruised in the lungs of brest The flower hereof infused in vvater or white vvine the space of an houre maketh the colour of the wine red and thus one may helpe himselfe the more easily to beguile any that are sicke of some ague and cannot abstaine from Wine Canterburie-bells as well the simple as the double require a fat ground and well inriched The Latines call it Viola Calathiana Their â—lowers mingled with Wheat flower make a good Cataplasme against scuruinesse and other sorts of scabbes likewise their roots boyled in white Wine to the consumption of the halfe and a linnen cloth dipped therein and applyed to scabbes and scuruinesse doth heale them the roots boyled in Wine and taken in a potion doe heale all the ruptures of the inward parts of the bodies doe cleanse the exulcerated lungs and spitting of bloud brayed and ground in manner of meale and drunke in Wine the weight of a French Crowne with two or three graines of Saffron are singular good against the jaundise if the partie sweat thereupon presently the like vertue is in the distilled water of the flowers the juice drawne out of their root and flowers applyed vnto wounds doth heale them presently a pessarie drencht in this juice prouoketh womens termes and draweth out the child dead in the mothers vvombe being dropt into the eare whereinto there hath some Flea or such other vermine crept it killeth them Gillo-flowres of all sorts are seldome sowne but oftentimes planted of roots or braunches pluckt from the plants the root shall be planted in the beginning of Autumne in a fat mould and so put in pots of earth thâ—t it may be remoued and set vnder some couert in Winter for feare of the frosts Sommer being come before the great plant haue cast forth his sprouts you may breake off so many small branches from about the root as will almost serue to set and plant a whole bed withall and so you may breed new plants of them You may make Gillo-flowers smell like Cloues if you lay bruised Cloues round about their roots In like manner you may make them haue faire flowers large pleasant and sweet smelling if you plucke away their leaues often and take paines to digge and water their earth furthermore such Gillo-flowers are commonly called Gillo-flowers of Prouence of the place where Gillo-flowers so ordered doe grow large tufted and ample those which haue not their flowers so large nor so sweet neither yet are so carefully looked vnto and dressed are properly called Purple Gillo-flowers The flowers of Gillo-flowers of Prouence as also their root are soueraigne against the Plague And for this cause such as are well aduised in the time of the Plague 〈◊〉 make conserues or vinegar of the flowers of Gillo-flowers to keepe themselues 〈◊〉 the euill ayre Indian Gillo-flowers called of the Latines Flos petillius and Ocellus 〈◊〉 although it refuse no ground notwithstanding if you plant it of the whole plant or of the branches thereof or else sow it in a fat and wel manured ground especially in the beginning of Iuly it will grow vnto such a height as that it will seeme to be a thing degenerated into the bignesse of a tree and will put forth of his stalke many boughâ— after the manner of a tree or shrub and by the same meanes there will put 〈◊〉 flowers induring vntill Winter Who will be counted carefull of preseruing his health must not smell vnto the flower of the Gillo-flowers of India for the smell thereof doth procure head-ach and giddinesse and is a meanes to breed the Falling-sicknesse further also which is more dangerous some haue found it by experience that it ingendreth an infectious aire likewise Physitians giue speciall prohibition to smell vnto the Indian Gillo-flower in the Plague time because the flower thereof is venimous and of temperate much like to the Hemlocke which may easily be perceiued by the vnpleasant smell it yeeldeth being both most strong and stinking That it is so namely that 〈◊〉 is venimous I haue giuen thereof sometimes vnto a Cat the flower the Gillo-flowres of India beaten and mixt with cheese to eat and she hath thereupon become verie much swelled and within a short time after dead I saw likewise a little young child who after hauing put these flowers in his mouth his mouth and lips did swell and within a day or two after became verie scabbed Wild Gillo-flowers as well white as red although they grow in the edges of fieldâ— and along the waies may notwithstanding be planted and set in gardens where 〈◊〉 they be oft remoued they will grow to haue a double flowre Their seed flower and whole hearbe is good against the stinging of Scorpions and indeed haue so greâ—â— vertue this way that the hearbe onely cast among Scorpions taketh from them all power to hurt their seed taken
it will keepe a yeare or two without being spoyled if you gather them cleane and not mixt with anie filthie things hauing 〈◊〉 dried them a little in the Sunne vntill they haue lost their newnesse and freshnessâ—â— afterward drie them vp throughly in the shadow and put them not vp to keepe 〈◊〉 they be perfectly dried It is good in the Plague time to perfume the house with Rosemarie for the 〈◊〉 thereof driueth away the ill ayre The leaues and flowers are good against headach especially to stay the whites if a woman doe vse them long time euerie morning 〈◊〉 more specially to make the sight better if the partie that hath the weake sight 〈◊〉 eat fasting both the leaues and the flowers of Rosemarie ioint together with 〈◊〉 and salt euerie morning The flowers thereof made in conserue doe comfort 〈◊〉 Stomacke and are good in melancholike Passions the Falling sicknesse 〈◊〉 and Palsies The seed drunke with Pepper and white Wine doth heale the Iaundise and take away the obstructions of the Liuer The decoction of the 〈◊〉 thereof in white Wine doe comfort weake and oppressed Sinewes If you 〈◊〉 your head therewith it will make a hard skinne and comfort the little 〈◊〉 and also keepe the haire from falling so quickly Some doe make Tooth-piâ—â—â— of the wooddie parts thereof and those verie good as also Coales to draw 〈◊〉 first Lineaments and Ground-worke of Pictures and such other things to be painted The ordering of lesamine is like vnto that of Rosemarie saue that Iesamine doâ—â— continue alwaies greâ—ne and not so subiect to frost as Rosemarie and is much in 〈◊〉 quest for Arbors and Shelters and for the setting forth of a Quarter There may 〈◊〉 made an Oyle of his flowers infused a long time in Oyle of sweet Almonds 〈◊〉 in a bagge from betwixt a Presse which will be soueraigne to comfort the 〈◊〉 â—inewes and other parts of the bodie troubled with cold distillations and to 〈◊〉 the frets of young children Mountaine or wild Thyme delighteth to be planted or sowne in grounds 〈◊〉 some Fountaine small Rundle or Well and such as is ill tilled being drie in 〈◊〉 and full of water in Winter and thus placed it yeeldeth a great deale the 〈◊〉 leaues It requireth notwithstanding a ground that is neither fat nor dunged 〈◊〉 open to the Sunne and would be oft transplanted Sometimes it commeth of 〈◊〉 that is ill husbanded Mountaine Thyme boyled in vineger and oyle of Rose assuageth the headach if the temples be rubbed therewith boyled in Wine and drunke it prouoketh Womens termes bringeth forth the after-birth and dead child with Honey iâ— cleanseth the Lungs and helpeth the Falling sicknesse The decoction is good 〈◊〉 the windinesse swellings and hardnesse of the Matrix The perfume of 〈◊〉 Thyme killeth Serpents and other venimous Beasts and driueth away Fleas 〈◊〉 weight of a French crowne of the powder of Mountaine Thyme drunke with 〈◊〉 assuageth the belly ach and deliuereth the partie which is troubled with 〈◊〉 of vrine Penyryall groweth well either sowne or planted wherein this must be marked that if it be planted of the root or branches in Autumne it will bring forth 〈◊〉 and flowers in mid Nouember It being once planted continueth alwaies so 〈◊〉 it be well wed and pickt euerie yeare it must be watred verie diligently Penyryallâ—â— excellent good against the Dropsie for the Spleene Iaundise and furthering of womens deliuerance in trauell as also to bring forth the after-birth and to 〈◊〉 the termes being drunke with white Wine The perfume of Penyryall killeth 〈◊〉 and venimous Beasts A Cataplasme made of Penyryall boyled in Wine doth assuage the paine of the Sciatica Dill loueth better to be planted than sowne and craueth chiefely a ground somewhat warme but more enclining to cold If you would haue it to grow faire you must water it oftentimes When it is sowne it is not needfull that the seed should be couered with earth because it is not subiect to be eaten of Birds Dill hath power to take away Belchings and inward Gripes Vomit and Hicket and that onely with smelling to it to prouoke Vrine and helpe the digestion of the Stomacke it causeth a spring of milke in Nurses healeth the suffocation of the Matrix and ripeneth all manner of tumours Annise craueth a well batled tilled fat and manured ground It must be sowne in March and oft watered Euerie man knoweth how good and profitable the seed thereof is eaten in the morning for such as are subiect to the gripes of the Stomack and Guts to the Hickeâ— Belchings stinking Breath and which desire to haue a beautifull and comely countenance after meat it also helpeth digestion it is good for Nurses to cause them to haue much milke It also taken away the stopping of the Stomacke or Spleene it helpeth Collickes prouoketh Vrine makes a man apt to sweet and lastly keepes the bodie soluble Bishops-weed craueth such ground and such tillage as Annise which being once sowne doth lightly grow there euerie yeare by the seed falling from it it groweth chiefely in rested grounds The seed is excellent good against Wringings and Gripes to prouoke Womens termes and Vrine if it be drunke with Wine so that it be vsed but seldome for otherwise it causeth a pale colour The perfume doth mundifie and cleanse the Matrix and maketh barren women fruitfull if together with this suffumigation the barren woman doe take euerie second morning the weight of a dramme of the powder of this seed three houres before shee eat anie thing continuing it for foure of fiue times but in the meane time the husband must lye with his wife vpon such daies as shee shall vse this powder a thing proued diuers times Caraway is sowne in the moneth of May in a good cleane and manured ground in such sort as we haue said in the Kitchin Garden The seed helpeth Digestion prouoketh Vrine expelleth Windinesse and hath the same vertues that Annise hath being made into powder it is with good successe mixt amongst such remedies as are vsed to be giuen for drie blowes Cummin doth grow fairest when it is sowne in a fat and hot ground or in a ground lying open to the Easterne Sunne amongst the pothearbes for so it groweth better in the beginning of May. Some likewise say that for to make it grow faire and well it must be cursed and rayled vpon It must not be watered so presently after it is sowne but after it is put forth of the earth it must be oftentimes watered The seed taken at the mouth scattereth the winds which breake vpward it mendeth the inward gripes and taketh away the difficultie to make water as also the blacknesse of drie blowes the powder thereof being presently applyed after it hath beene beat verie small and fine and heated at the fire
them so much of the earth from which they 〈…〉 as may defend them from being hurt either by the Wind or Sunne and hauing thus done to fit them further with Barrels or Sere-clothes the better to keepe 〈◊〉 from all the iniuries of the ayre as also from the raine and to cause them to be â—â—â—ueyed vpon Horses Carts or Waggons so soone euen the same night that they shall come to the place where you would set them you must well aduise and 〈◊〉 they be altered which will be knowne by the change of the leaues and barke 〈◊〉 then to prouide for that accordingly for in such case you must take away the earth and temper it soft anew water them cut them and take away the blasted or 〈◊〉 vntill such time as the pits where you intend to set them be seasoned in such sort 〈◊〉 manner as shall be said hereafter You shall in the day time view well your ground and see that it be a good substantiall blacke open tender sweet light fat and cleane earth without anie 〈◊〉 stone whatsoeuer neere vnto the Sea coast if it be possible where moisture 〈◊〉 and furthermore that it be easie to be stirred to the end it may drinks in 〈◊〉 water in aboundance where you meane to set these Trees For these Trees 〈◊〉 much watering if the water should stand aboue the earth and not sinke 〈◊〉 the roots would become sicke discoloured and by little and little would looke the 〈◊〉 colour of pale blacke or blew If the earth be not easie to be stirred you 〈◊〉 couer it with Horse dung verie well rotted or else with Oxe or Sheepes dung 〈◊〉 by this meanes it will become easie to be pierced or stirred The place where 〈◊〉 are to be planted must be open vpon the Sunne a high place and sheltred 〈…〉 the quarters from whence froâ—tie winds doe blow but principally the 〈◊〉 wind which is alwaies most contrarie vnto those Plants It must be also open vpon the South because contrarie to the nature of all Trees they feed vpon this 〈◊〉 and starue through that of the North and a little vpon the West in such sort as that they may be guarded on the back part and both sides but specially the Citron-tree which is the most tender of all the other For which considerations it will not be amisse to set them neere vnto some wall of a conuenient height to the end they may haue a rampart against the Northerne parts and for the more certainetie to make them a hood and flankers of Bay trees for the encrease both of the beautifulnesse as also of the profit of the same for some hold that the companie of the Bay tree doth keepe the Orange tree from frost These Bay trees shall be planted in double chesse that so the thinnest places of the first may be amended by the thickest places of the second but and if you haue not Bay trees to doe it withall then you may take Cypresse trees And here you must learne that Orange-trees loue not the companie of anie other tree but of the fore-named and of the Myrtle-tree The best of all and most assured for profit were to plant the said Orange-trees Citron-trees and other such like Trees in halfe Barrels or Vessels of earth made for the purpose they being the chiefe pleasures of Princes and great Lords or else in Cases that are wide below and narrow aboue builded of clouen boords verie well ioyned and fitted together in such sort as that no shoots may grow through them for the earth by reason of the oft watering of it doth not cease continually to cause them to put forth and breake out one way or other But that such watering may be conueyed in best sort for their growth it must be prouided and brought by some low conduit and passage and the surplusage carried away by some such cocke as is vsed in Lee tubs and such or the like Vessels must be made to carrie into anie place whatsoeuer a man will for seeing that these Plants doe die if they be touched neuer so little with frost as being most tender and daintie of their naturall inclination it must be looked vnto in Winter after that they are well couered and compassed about with straw or the stalkes of Gourds for by a naturall contrarietie they are giuen to let and hinder the frost from hurting them that they be conueyed vpon small Wheele-barrowes into vaulted Caues and when Summer is come to returne and bring them backe againe into the full and open Sunne to be nourished and refreshed by the heat thereof Then hauing found out such a place in the Garden as wee haue spoken of there shall Pits be cast with distances betwixt and whereas the Orange-tree doth shoot out his roots deepe into the earth you must cast the said Pits a good fadome deepe and a fadome and a halfe in compasse which shall be well broken and made soft that so the root may rest and spread it selfe at pleasure which Pits shall grow narrower by little and little towards their top and where they are to embrace and close in the foot of the tree These Pits to doe well should be kept open a yeare or thereabout if it were possible for the well seasoning of them which by manie Sunne-shines and manie Raines would be effected but there may more speed be made with them either by couering the places of the said Pits with well rotted dung and new ashes which neuer were wet and watering it with a little water if the time and season be not rainie or by filling vp the said Pits with Wheat straw or with small Vine branches burning it all and afterward watering the ashes which shall remaine if the season be drie and without raine for within eight or tenne daies after this preparing of it the said Pits will be well seasoned About the end of the same time you must againe breake and soften the earth of the seat of the said Trees and the sides thereof and lay into them a finger thicknesse of dung and againe vpon this dung the like thicknesse of good mould and then vpon it to set the Tree in the verie same aspect of the Sunne if it be possible that it stood in before the taking vp that is to say that euerie part of the tree stand vpon the same quarters of the Heauens that it did before for otherwise it would not serue if the â—ide beholding the North before should now behold and stand vpon the East or West And this obseruation is of great moment for as much as they which faile in this doe oftentimes see their Trees dead or else notwithstanding whatsoeuer other meanes vsed bringing foorth verie late and vntimely fruit with like vntimely growth and blossoming which they would not haue fallen into if they had beene see againe after the manner they stood before they put forth 〈◊〉 budde 〈…〉 of the earth And this diâ—aduantage likewise happeneth vnto them
is more apt to sowre if that there be not some sowre ones mingled amongst them because that such sweet Apples haue but a weake heat and easily ouercome and wasted But such sweet Apples as haue a fast flesh and thick iuice stand not in need of hauing any sowre Apples mixt with them to the helping of them to make good Cider It is true that sweet Apples yeeld lesse Cider than sowre ones but yet in as much as the sweet haue the lesse iuice and the thicker therefore their Cider is the better lasteth longer nourisheth the body more and is a longer time in fining But on the contrarie those sweet Apples which haue much iuice doe make much Cider but this Cider is not so good nor making so good nourishment notwithstanding it be sooner fined and readie for drinking Sowrish Apples doe yeeld much iuice that is waterie thinne and soone fined but nourishing verie little The Cider that is all neat and of it selfe without any mixture of water doth fine and become cleare more slowly than that which is made with water In like sort it retaineth his smell and tast a longer time and all other the vertues and qualities of the Apples whereof it was made for water added but in small quantitie after sixe moneths once past or if somewhat longer yet after one yeare it causeth the Cider to sowre and then so much the sooner as there shall be the greater quantitie in the mixture as in the houshold or ordinarie drinke Wherefore such Ciders as you would haue to last long must be made without water and vse rather to mixe your vvater vvith them vvhen they are drawne out of the vessell to drinke if then you find them too strong for you and this also is the same course taken with Wine especially when such a sicknesse hath seised vpon the partie as craueth a thin weake and vvaterish drinke Ciders differ one from another especially in colour and â—auour or relish for as for their colour some represent the scarlet as it were like vnto Claret-wine and such is that vvhich is made of Apples that are red vvithin and without such also will last long and fine not vnder the colour of high Clarets and haue a taste resembling the same somewhat a farre off but afterward comming neere to the resembling of Hyppocras Others are of the colour of Muscadells and resembling the same also in relish The greatest part of the rest draw neere to a yellow colour and some of them cleare as the rocke vvater As concerning their relish and tast all Ciders if they be good should be sweet or a little bitter or sowre whether they be new or old and it is as true that some of them haue no more relish than vvater Some are of an euill taste and that either of themselues or of the ground or of the vessell or of the straw or of some other such strange cause The sweet as well the new as the old and fined are the best of all and nourish most But it is true withall that the new doe swell vp a man and cause obstructions The fined Ciders are good for such as haue weake lungs or those which are subject to the stone or haue vlcers in the reines or bladder Such as are bitter and hold out bitter are naught But such bitter Cider as after becommeth sweet is the best of all and lasteth long Such as are greenish if they continue the same colour alwaies are not of any value but if in time they change this greenenesse into a maner of sweetnesse then they proue good and last long You may also make Cider of vvild Apples but such Cider although that it last longer than that vvhich is made of tame and garden apples yet it is not so pleasant nor profitable for the stomacke Good housholders doe not loose the drosse of their pressings but as we haue said cast them into vessells and vvith a sufficient quantitie of fountaine vvater make Cider for the houshold many make no account of it but cast it out to the dunghill assuring themselues that it drieth and maketh barren the place where it commeth In suâ—h places as vvhere they haue not the benefit of mill-stones pressers other implements for to make Cider they stampe apples but not of all sorts but onely wild ones with a stamper and afterward put them thus stamped into vessells with a sufficient quantitie of water and this is called Cider-pinet As concerning the faculties and vertues of Cider they must be measured and judged according to their taste age continuance and abilitie to last and the manner of making of them The taste is not to be tried onely by the sauour and relish of the apples vvhereof they vvere made vvhich vvere either sweet or sowre or harsh or of moe tastes than one or vvithout any taste at all but likewise of the age thereof in as much as Cider if it be kept changeth his taste together vvith the time and getteth another relish after that is fined diuers from that vvhich it had vvhiles it was in fining or that it had vvhen it began to fine after the manner of new vvine which when it commeth to be old purchaseth and getteth diuers qualities together with the time Such Cider therefore as is sweet because of the sweetnesse which commeth of temperate heat heateth in a meane and indifferent manner but cooleth least of all and againe it is the most nourishing of all Ciders and the most profitable to be vsed especially of such as haue cold and drie stomackes and on the contrarie but sâ—â—ally profiting them which haue a hot stomacke whether it be more or lesse or stomackes that are full of humiditie verie tender and queasie and subject vnto cholericke vomits so that in such complexions as are hot and cholericke it is needfull as with Wine so vvith Cider to mixe water in a sufficient quantitie vvith sweet Cider vvhen they take it to drinke especially when such persons haue any ague vvithall or and if it be the hot time of Summer foreseene that he that shall then drinke it thus be not subiect to the paines of the bellie or collicke because that sweet Cider pressed new from sweet Apples is windie by nature as are also the sweet Apples themselues This is the cause why Physitians counsell and aduise that sweet Apples should be rosted in the ashes for them which shall eat them that so their great moistnesse and waterishnesse which are the original fountaine of their windinesse may be concocted by the meanes of the heat of the fire Vpon the same occasion it falleth out that neither sweet Apples nor sweet Cider can be good for them that are subiect to distillations and rhewmes because of their windinesse and for that likewise that as the Arabian Physitians doe iudge they breed great store of windinesse in the muscles and sinewes which cannot be discussed but with great paine and continuance of time Amongst the sweet
and transparent which is a signe of their sufficient watering afterward boyle them in a vessel of brasse that is cleane or in a leaden vesâ—el so long as til they be tender vvhen they haue cast out all their waterishnesse put them to steepe in a Iuâ—lep made of one part of sugar and three of water for the space of foure and twentie houres afterward make them to boyle at a little fire so much as is sufficient take them out of the Iulep and put them in a glasse vessell and putting vpon them the Iulep of Rose-vvater thicke ynough of consistence that so it may affoord them as it vvere a crust you may if you vvill aromatize them with a little Amber and Muske To preserue whole Peaches you must pill them and cleanse them as carefully as may be and after boyle them whole or cut in quarters in a sufficient thin Iulep not to boile them to the full but onely to boile out their waterishnesse wherewith they abound and then after this in a better boiled Iulep to boile them vp to the full till they be become through tender and soft and finally to put them vp into some eaâ—then vessell and to couer them with the sirrup wherein they haue boyled For their longer keeping you may aromatize them with Cinnamon or Muske This manner of preseruing of whole Peaches is generall for the preseruing of all other grosse fruits as Peares Quinces Apples Abricots small Peaches and timely Peaches To preserue Cherries you must chuse the fairest sowre Cherries that you can full ripe for if they be not full ripe in boiling them toward the end you shall find nothing but skinne and bone cutting off their starts at the halfe and afterward boile them in their owne iuice with sugar in such proportion as that for euerie pound of Cherries you haue halfe a pound of sugar taking away the sâ—umme still as it shall rise in boiling of them when they shall be sufficiently boiled you must put them in glasse vessels and powre vpon them the sirrup wherein they haue boiled notwithstanding if the sirrup should still seeme waterish boile it more perfectly Otherwise and better put apart some quantitie of your said sowre Cherries which you shall presse to haue a sufficient quantitie of iuice in this iuice so soone as you haue pressed it out melt your sugar and not in anie other liquor boile them together presently and in boiling scumme them when the iuice is well scummed clarified and become red without taking it from the fire or making it loose his boiling put the Cherries thereinto to boile as long as needeth without anie stirring of them but looking well to the scumming of them with a spatule stirre them not from off the fire vntill they be perfectly boiled and that you shall discerne if you see the sirrup dropt vpon a trencher to fall into drops that doe not spread abroad for then it is exactly boiled and you must put vp your Cherries into their glasse vessels good and hot for to be kept In this manner you shall preserue Plums Ceruises Gooseberries and such other small fruits For the preseruing of Barberries you shall take the fairest and goodliest bunches of Barberries that you can find being gotten verie drie from the tops of the trees and as neere as you can from the Sunne side thereof being fully ripe and of one entire colour then with a pinne or needle you shall open the side and pick out all the stones or kernels from the same then to euerie bare pound of these Barberries thus stoned you shall take a pound downe weight of fine sugar well beaten and searced and so boile them on a gentle charcoale fire till the sirrup be thicke then let them coole and afterward pot them vp being sure to couer them all ouer with the sirrup But if you intend to make Conserue of them then you shall not need to stone them but onely picke them cleane from their branches taking all the sound berries and casting away all that are vnsound or spotted and so boile them in their sugar ouer a hot fire vntill they burst stirring them continually with a spatule of wood or steele made for the purpose and then straine them through a strainer not exceeding fine and squeese them so soone as is possible then being cooled pot it vp and vse it as you shall haue necessarie occasion This Conserue is most excellent against burning feauers or other pestilent diseases growing from inflammation or corruption of the bloud it comforteth the stomack and begets an appetite it cheareth all the spirits and being drunke in Iuleps bringeth the bloud to his true qualitie and taketh away all thirst inflammation or roughnesse in the throat or mouth it is also good for anie heat in the liuer For to haue paste of Plums first boile the Plums with a little water stirring them oftentimes that they may not burne too afterward straine and force them through a sâ—arce and weigh them that so you may put thereto for euerie pound foure ounces of sugar set all vpon the fire to boile againe and stirre them well not giuing ouer vntill all the scumme be consumed and spent which done make them readie as they are where you will afterward lay them in the Sunne to drie three daies and then shut them vp and in case that they grow moist or that there spring forth anie water out of them you must lay them in the Sunne againe This patterne of making this paste may serue generally for the making of paste of anie other fruits as Peares Apples Cherries and Peaches saue that you must haue respect vnto the quantitie of Sugar which shall be more or lesse according to the more or lesse moistnesse of the fruits which you are determined to make vp in paste To keepe Peaches or other fruits take Peaches or other fruits which you would keepe when it is faire weather and drie and opening them in the middest take out the stone then lay them all one day to drie in the Sunne or in an Ouen after that the bread is drawne out afterward take sugar well boiled and purified and annoint them ouer and lay them againe the day following in the Sunne and so annoint them ouer againe and so oft as they shall drie and vntill they haue gotten a sufficient crust and after keepe them at your pleasure To make Oliues readie against a day Take greene Oliues and cut off a little from the one side after lay them in water with lime and good sifted ashes but take withall that you must haue twice so manie ashes as lime and let them steepe in that sort the space of 24. houres after you shall take them out and wash them foure or fiue times in warme water afterward you shal put them in a stone or glasse vessell with salt water and this you shall change euerie three moneths and mingle amongst them common
called quicke and Virgins Brimstone and not artificiall Brimstone vvhen you intend to make your Oyle of Briâ—stone to dâ—still you shall take a sheeâ—e of yron of foure fingers thicknesse and fire red this you shall cast into the small pot vvith Brimstone to make the said Brimstone burne and flame the smoake comming forth of the Godeâ— vvill ascend vp to the vessell hanging aboue vvherein after a short time it vvill be turned into Oyle vvhich Oyle will thence distill into the vesâ—ell below Gather this Oyle and reserue it in a vessell well stopt for to vse for the curing of Gangrenes Fistulaâ—s vâ—cers of the mouth and Ring-wormes if you doe but touch them vvith this Oyle vpon the end of a feather It is singular good against rebellious vlcers comming of the pockes some giue it to drinke with balme water in the morning vnto such as are but scarce cured and recouered of the pockes to the end it may driue out the disâ—ase The oyle of Brimstone may be made otherwise boyle Brimstone in Aqua-vitae vntill there begin an oylie substance to swim aloft gather this liquor with a woollen or linnen cloth or with a little espoone you must sometime renew your Aqua 〈◊〉 vntill you haue gathered oyle ynough if presently after bathing your selfe you annoinâ— with this oyle your bodie infected with Quick-siluerâ— you shall expell and draw forth the said Quick-siluer But concerning all these Oyles see more in our Booke of secret remedies and medicines CHAP. LVII A description of certaine artificiall balmes BVt it is vvell and sufficiently knowne how that now the true and naturall balme is no vvhere to be found and that in place thereof the industrie and skill of man hath inuented Oyles which approach and draw neere in vertues and faculties vnto the true balme now therefore be it in like manner knowne that these Oyles are made either by distillation or impression and that vve will speake onely of some certaine ones which are made by impression ceasing to speake of those which are distilled for them which meddle in drawing out the quintessences of things as you shall further perceiue by our Booke of secret remedies Balme of the maruellous apples Take the maruellous apples either with or without kernells but verie ripe put them in a vessell full of common oyle either old or new or of the oyle of sweet Almonds or Linseed and infuse them a long time in the Sunne or in Maries-bath or in horse-dung that is verie hot or in the earth in a vessell that is well couered ouer with sand and let it remaine there one whole yeare or else two vvhich is the better you may likewise make this oyle of the leaues and little cods without the fruit some with the apples put together with the oile of sweet almonds or linseed oyle doe joyne of liquid varnish one ounce for euerie pound of oyle such an oyle is a singular balme for all wounds inflammations of the breasts and for the appeasing of outward paines and ache for the bursting of young children the vlcers of the matrix and to procure conception if after that the woman is come out of the bath made for the same purpose the annoint her secret parts therewith and drinke of the powder of the leaues with vvhite Wine it is also singular good for the paine of the hemorrhoides being mingled with linseed oyle or the oile of sweet almonds We haue spoken of the maruellous apples in the second Booke where we haue declared how that the hearbe whereupon they grow is called Balsaâ—ina because it hath the vertue of balme The oyles of the flowers of Rosemarie white mullein Paules betonie Nicotian and ground Iuie being thus prepared as we haue spoken of before haue like vertues with balme Another balme Take the fruit of the elme the flowers of Hypericum and the buds of Roses put all together in a glasse bottle with oyle of Oliues stop vp the bottle close and leaue it in the Sunne vntill you see the same all of it in such manner consumed as though it were rotten afterward strayne it and keepe the oyle for your vse Another Take Gumme elemie foure ounces oyle of vvormes oyle of Roses and Hypericon of each two ounces of Venice Turpentine two ounces mix altogether and incorporate them vpon a coale fire afterward keepe it in little bottles Another balme Take the flowers and seeds of Hypericon foure handfulls bruise them throughly and set them in the Sunne the space of ten daies in a glasse bottle with foure pound of old Oyle of Oliues afterward presse them out carefully and put againe as many moe flowers and seeds of Hypericon into the bottle set it in the Sun againe tenne vvhole dayes after presse it out all againe and put thereunto as followeth of oyle of dill and of Venice Turpentine of each a pound and a halfe of Aqua-vitae halfe a pound of Mummia vvood of Aloâ—s masticke myrrhe and Iuieguâ— of each an ounce and a halfe of the rosen of the pine-tree three ounces saffron halfe an ounce cloues nuâ—megs cinnamom of each three drams mix all together and boile them three houres in Maries-bath in a glasse bottle close stopped that nothing may breath out Then set the bottle in the Sunne the space of ten daies reseruing the oyle afterward for pains of the eares wounds fistulaes cankers Noli me tangere c to annoint the backe bone a little before the fit of the ague come vvhich beginneth of cold Another balme take the fruit of the elme vvithin which you shall find a liquor like vnto oyle put it whole into a strong viole which viole you shall stop verie close and burie for the space of fiâ—teene daies in horse dung that is verie hot by reason of his being verâ—e rotten then set it in the Sunne for a certaine time and after gather the cleare part that shall swimme aboue and this vvill be vnto you a singular balme Otherwise gather all the liquor that you find in the fruit of elmes put it in a strong viole adding of the flowers of Hypericon and common oyle stop vp the viole verie close and burie it in horse dung that is well rotted leaue it therein a sufficient time and afterward taking it out you shall haue a singular balme See further in our Booke of secret medicines concerning balmes A briefe discourse of the distilling of Waters CHAP. LVIII Of the profit and commoditie of distillation NOtwithstanding that distillation be the vvorke rather of a Philosopher or Alchymist otherwise called an extracter of quintessences than of a farmer or maister of a Countrie Farme notwithstanding the profit thereof is so great and the vse so laudible and necessarie as that we take not the chiefe Lord of our countrie house to be furnished vvith all such singular commodities as vve desire if he lacke the knowledge and practise of distillation not that I vvould have him to make it
which you distill because the â—legme commeth forth sometime first sometimes the last in the distillation as in the distilling of Aqua-vitae is stayeth the last notwithstanding that it be distilled diuers times in the distilling of the most part of other things it commeth forth first as in vinegar honie and such things and the thing is discerned by tasting of the first and last distilled waters And if it happen that the flegme be not seuered in this sort as indeed it is not in some such as with which it is mixt then the next course is to set such vvaters in the Sunne certaine daies in vessells couered with linnen clothes or parchment prickt full of small holes that so the excrementous part by such meanes may be consumed and wasted or if the Sunne faile as in Winter time then you must set your vessell contayning your distilled waters in other vessells full of vvater and cause them to boyle to the consumption of the third part The distillation is to be judged to be in good state and case if betwixt the fall of euerie drop you can account to the number of twelue and hence also is the judging of the force and quantitie of the fire to be learned and fetcht If any man desire that waters should haue some smell taste or other qualitie of something as of honie cinnamome camphire muske or other like sweet smelling thing whether it be to giue such smell to the thing that hath none at all or vnto something that hath a bad and vnpleasant smell as we will speake of by and by in the water distilled of mans dung it vvill be good to annoynt and besmeare the head of the still vvith these things or else to tie vp the same in some little knot of linnen cloth and hang them at the verie poynt of the spout or pipe to the end that the vvater distilling through this matter may retayne that smell or other qualitie intended And vvhereas distilled vvaters by force of the fire are euermore seene to retaine some impressions and printes of the heat it will be good presently after they be distilled to let them stand some time vncouered in the vessells wherein you meane to keepe them hauing yet therewithall regard that neither their small nor any part of their force doe vvaste or spend and therefore to take the fittest course it will be best to set your vessell close and fast stopt in some cold place in moist sand to diminish and take away the great heat of the same Notwithstanding you must marke and know that cold waters vvhich shall be distilled in Maries-bath will haue no great need to be so vncouered but that they rather must be set in the Sunne in a glasse vessell not altogether full or else that they with their vessell be set ouer head and eares in hot sand for the space of fortie daies to the end that their flegme and thickest humour may be consumed If your distilled vvaters become troubled you shall restore them to their clearenesse by putting thereinto some one or two drops of Vinegar for euerie pint of water CHAP. LXV Of the particular manner of distilling of Hearbes Rindes Flowers and Rootes DIstilled vvaters are of diuers sorts and vertues some are physicall or medicinable as the water of roses sage marierom and such like Others are nourishing as restoratiues and many both medicinable and nourishing as nourishing restoratiues vvhereinto are put medicinable things Others are purgatiue as the water or liquor of rhubarbe if it were new and greene Others serue to grace the face and hands and to make beautifull Others for to gratifie the nose by yeelding a sweet smell as those which are drawne out of spices and sweet smelling simples vsed also to vvash the hands face and whole bodie and againe all these waters are either simple or compound but we will first speake of the simple medicinable ones Wormewood must be distilled in Maries-bath to draw out his vvater in such sort as that it may expresse by smell and taste from whence it came and for the better doing of it you must see that you distill it not verie new but somewhat dried and afterward infusing it a little in wine to distill it in Maries-bath or in hatâ— ashes Mugwort Agrimonie Sorrell and such other like plants are thus distilled also but with obseruation had of the generall things specified before Thus the water of Winter cherries is distilled seruing against the stone and grauell as well of the reines aâ— bladder The vttermost pilling of common vvalnuts vvhether it shale willingly or no may be distilled in the moneth of September and the water drawne from them drunke in small quantitie with a third part of Vinegar is a certaine remedie against the plague if before drinking of it you cause the partie to be let bloud it is singular good also to make gargarismes of for the vlcers of the mouth it is good also to foment goutie places withall and good to colour the haire blacke Water distilled of the leaues of the Walnut-tree in the end of the moneth of May is singular for to drie and cicatrize vlcers if they be washed euening and morning with a linnen cloth moistned therein To distill strawberries you must let them putrifie in a glasse vessell putting thereto a little salt or sugar and then afterward to extract and draw out their water which is verie soueraigne against venime as also to take away spots to prouoke the termes and drie vp weeping eyes it will performe all these vertues in admirable manner if there be mingled with it a little Aqua-vitae The inward rinde of the ash-tree being distilled doth yeeld a singular water against the plague if it be drunke in equall quantity with aqua-vite as three 〈◊〉 of either especially if the same drinke in the same quantitie be drunke againe vvithin three houres after it is good also being dropt into the eares for the noyse in them The stones of blacke cherries being broken or the kernells alone distilled make a vvater vvhich doth quite take away the fit of the Falling-sicknesse in young children presently after that there hath beene put into their mouth about an ounce The distilled vvater of new filberds drunke the weight of two drams is a present remedie against the collicke and gripings of the bellie a thing that will not failâ— hauing beene proued and tried The vvater vvhich is distilled of the barke of Danewort or Elder-tree being oftentimes drunke doth euacuate and draw the vvater out of such as haue the dropsie The vvater of betonie You must stampe the leaues of betonie and infuse them a certaine time in Wine and after distill them The vvater of balme and sage is distilled in like manner The vvater of betonie is good for the diseases of the head reines and bladder The water of balme rejoyceth men keepeth away the fits of the Apoplexie and Falling-sicknesse
and therefore I vvill wade a little further in this art and shew you the maner of taking of all sorts of fish by the angle which is the most generous and best kind of all other and may truely be called the Emperor of all exercises To speake them first of this art of angling or taking of fish with the angle you shall vnderstand that it consisteth in three especiall things that is to say in the instrument which is the angle in the intisement vvhich is the bait and in the true vse of them both together vvhich is the seasons and times of the yeare fittest for the sport To speake then first of the angle-rod it must be generally of two peeces but particularly as for the pike or other greater fish it may be made of one entire peece the substance of the stock would be a vvel grown ground Wiâ—châ—n an elme or an Ewe or a hasel and the top would be of hasel or Whale-boneâ—some anglers vse to compound their rods of many peeces as those which are made of cane wherein one joynt is applied into another but they are more for pleasure than any generall profit To these rods doe belong lines made of the strongest and longest horse-haire which can be got nor are thâ—y to be gotten of leane poore and diseased jâ—des but such as are faire fat and in â—ul strength and if conueniently you can it is best euer to gather them from stoned horses and not from mares or geldings of haire the blacke is the vvorst the vvhite and gray best and other colours indifferent your smallest lines vvould consist of three haires and your bigger of seuen if amongst your haire you mixe a silke-threed or two the line vvill be the better and stronger you shall twist your haires neither too hard nor too soft but hold a mediocritie so as they may twine and couch close together and the ends you shall fasten together vvith a fishers-knot vvhich is your ordinarie fast knot foulded foure or fiue times abouâ— both vnder and aboue to make it from loosening in the vvater for the length of your lines they must answer to the places in which you angle some being foure fadome some sixe and some more according to the length of your rod or the depth of the vvater your lines though their naturall colours as being vvhite or gray is not amisse vvould yet sometimes be coloured of other colours according to the seasons of the yeare for so the shadow of them vvhich is most daungerous will least scarre the fish and soonest inâ—ice them to bite and of these colours the Water-greenâ— is the best yellow next then russet darke browne or tawnie To die your lines of a Water-greene you shall take a pottle of allome-Allome-vvater and put thereinto a handfull of Marigolds and let them boyle vvell till a yellow 〈◊〉 rise on the top of the vvater then take the quantitie of halfe a pound of greene coperas and as much of Verdigreaâ—e beaten to fine powder and put it vvith the haire into the vvater and so let it boyle againe a little space and then set it in some 〈◊〉 to coole for the space of halfe a day then take â—ut your haire and lay it vvhere it may drie This colour of Water-greene is good to angle with in all clayie vvaters from the Spring till the beginning of Winter If you vvill haue your haires yellow you shall take Allome-water as beforesaid and Marigolds and boyle them therein adding thereto a handfull of turmerick or for want thereof so much of green Walnut-leaues and mixing it with the vvater steepe your haires therein a day and a night then take them from them and drie them these yellow coloured lines are good also to angle with in cleare water if they be full of weeds â—edge and other water flowers for it is not vnlike to the stalkes thereof and the time best from Michaelmas till Christmas To make your lines russet you shall take a quart of Allome water and as much strong lee then put thereunto a handfull of soot and as much Browne of Spaine then when it hath boyled well an houre or two set it by to coole and being cooled steepe the haires therein a full day and a night and then lay the haires to dry This colour is good to angle within deepe waters whether they be riuers or standing pooles and are best to be vsed from Christmas till after Easter But if you will haue them of a darke browne colour then you shall take a pound of Vmber and halfe so much soot and seeth it in a pottle of Ale a good space then being coole steepe your haires therein the space of foure and twentie houres and then hang them vp to drie and if the colour be not darke ynough you may adde a little more of the Vmber and it will darken it These lines are best to angle with in blacke and muddie waters whether they be standing pooles or running streames and will endure all seasons of the yeare Lastly to make your lines of a â—awnie colour you shall take lime and water and mixe it together and steepe your haires therein halfe a day then take them forth and steepe them double so long time in Tanners ouze and then hang them vp to dry These lines are best to angle with in 〈◊〉 and heathie waters which are of a reddish or browne colour and wil serue for that purpose all the seasons of the yeare Now if with this colour or the greene you mix a siluer thred it wil not be amisse and with anie of the other colours a gold thred they will be much better to angle withall Also you must remember to make at each end of your lines good bigge loopes the one to fasten to the top of your rod the other to the hooke-line which commonly is not â—boue a foot long at the most To these lines there doth also belong Corkes or Floats which you shall make in this manner Take of the best and thickest Corke you can get and with a fine rape â—â—â—ing pared it cleane cut it into the fashion of a Peare bigge and round at the one end and small and sharpe at the other euer obseruing according to the bignesse of your line to make the bignesse of your corke as for a line of three haires a corke of an ynch or little more long and to the bigger lines bigger corks through this corke you shall thrust a quill and through the quill the line The corke serueth onely to let you know when the fish biteth therefore the lesse it is the better it is for it onely giues the lesse shadow prouided that it be euer in your eye for though some Anglers will fish without corkes yet it is not so good nor so certaine In placing your corke vpon your line you must put the small end downeward and the bigge end to the topward Now there be some Anglers which make their corkes of the fashion of
knodden as stiffe as is possible so it rise without cracks or breaking as for the lâ—king it asketh much lesse than the rie paste in as much as it is a drier graine and not so moist in the working The second paste which is for loose bodies or any thing that is liquid would be made of the finest wheat meale that can be gotten and of the finest boulting it must be knodden with hot water a little butter and many egges both to make it light and strong in the rising as also to make it hold from cracking least thereby the moisture runne forth and so you loose both cost and labour This paste is commonly halfe bakt before you put the moisture into it for thereby it is made to hold much the stronger and better The third past which is for all maner of daintie things which are to be eaten hot must be the tenderest shortest and pleasantest of all ordinarie past and therefore must be made of the finest wheat flower you can get and also most finely boulted and this flower if before you knead it you put it into a cleane earthen pot and bake it in an ouen and houre or two it will bee much better it must be knodden with two parts butter either fresh or salt or with sweet seame and but one part hot water together with an egge or two to make it hold rysing and this paste must be made reasonable stiffe because the weake paste euer falleth after the hand and either riseth not at all or else so little that it is not comely to looke on which euerie good cooke must shunne because that pie which is as much couer as crust is euer a signe of an vnskilfull workman Lastly for the puffe past you shall make it of fiâ—er flower if it be possible than any of the other and you shall to two parts of the flower adde a third part of sugar finely beaten and â—earst and this you shall knead with cold butter and no water at all and euer as you fould turne and mould the paste about so shall you put cold sweete butter betweene the foulds and so worke it to a very stiffe and well tempered paste and so â—oule it forth either for tart florentine pasâ—y or any other thing that may lie flat in the baking for by reason of the much brittlenes and tendernesse of the past it will not abide my higher raising but will fall one leafe of the paste from another and so loose the 〈◊〉 or grauy which should be held in the same which to preuent and to make the crust a great deale the more delicate whensoeuer you intend to bake any pastie of fallow or red Deere or any other flesh to be eaten hot you shall first knead a sufficient quantitie of the second sort of paste which is for liquid bodies and hauing rouled it forth as thin as conueniently you can and of a sufficient largenesse to receiue that which you are to bake you shall then knead another quantitie of the puffe paste and 〈◊〉 it likewise forth yet much thicker and then lay it vpon your first tough paste and then put in your meate suet spice and other necessaries and so in both those pastes fould it vp close and so bake it and you shall find when it comes to eating that the inmost of those two crusts will giue that admirable content which any curious tast can desire and thus you may bake any other pie by making two coffins to passe one into another and closing them vp and baking them with a moderate heat for this paste of all other must by no meanes bee either burnt or ouer-dried but by all artificiall meanes be kept in the strength of his moisture and beleeue in all the art of cookerie there is not any knowledge except seasoning which is more excellent or more worthie to be imbraced of euery good huswife and yet all manner of baked 〈◊〉 are more for the pleasing of the taste than for the health of the bodie in as â—uch as they are giuen to load the stomach very heauily and not to digest verie 〈◊〉 It is true that being eaten at the end of meales after other meates they may serue in steed of marmalade to send the former vitailes downe into the bottome of the stomach and to presse together the bellie CHAP. XXIII Of the brew-house THe vine cannot grow in many places of France to prosper but to recompence such a want there groweth all sorts of corne very fruitfull and in great aboundance as in Normandie Brittanie Picardie and other coasts lying vpon the North side of the land where the cold seaseth most strongly and where the rugged and sterne windes do ouerblow the earth with their coldnesse so that in those countries necessitie the mother of all skill and cunning inuention hath stirred vp the men to deuise some kind of drinke made of corne to serue them in steed of wine Of that sort is their drinke called beere ale small beere meade gootale beere and bread and many other drinkes which the Germans Flemmings Polonians English Scots and other nations towards the North doe vse in steed of wine This is the manner of making beere at Paris The fairest purest and cleanest barley and oates that may be gotten being prouided and thrice as much barley being taken as oates but of both such a quantitie as may bee proportionable to the intended quantitie of beere they put them to steepe together in a fat for the space of foure and twenty houres more or lesse according to the age of the corn in a sufficient quantitie of riuer water rather than either Spring or Wellwater and after this steeping time they take and carrie them vp into a garner to lay them on heapes to sprout being sprouted they spread them abroad round about the garâ—er for to rot and putrifie being rotten they cast them into rowes from out of the garner they carrie them to the kill for to drie being dried they carrie them againe into the garner or some chamber or into some other place for to fan them and cleanse them from all their dust and filth and from thence to the mill there to grind them and make them into meale Which done they put this meale into a fat powring vpon the same hot scalding and boiling water proportionably and according to the quantity of the meale that is to say foure barrells of water and a tun and a halfe of water to foure seame or quartets of meale leauing the same for the space of an houre to drinke in this water afterward they put the meale aside with their stirrers being thus cleered the one from the other they poure in as much boyling water as they did before then afterward they take two maunds made like vnto bee-hiues of ozier and these they sinke and thrust downe amongst the corne and cause to be so kept by two or three men to the end that in the meane time some other man may
farre better in the spring time than it would haue done vpon the first lees as also that when vvine standeth long vpon the first lees which are thicke and sowre it easily looseth its naturall verdure and getteth a sharpe and vnpleasant â—aste and a thicke substance They did furthermore obserue the time and course of the heauens for they neuer drew vvine out of one vessell into another but vvhen the Northren vvinde did blow vvhen the the Moone vvas either new or vnder the earth and vvhen as Roses had put forth their first flowers and the Vine his buddes And Hesiodus following this custome doth counsell men that in changing vvine out of one vessell into another they should separate the Wine vvhich is the vppermost in the vessell from that vvhich draweth somewhat neere vnto the lees and both of them from that vvhich is in the middest of the vessell because that the wine which is next vnto the bunghole is euaporated much as being next vnto the aire and that which is in the bottome corrupteth very easily as being neere vnto the leese but contrarily that which is in the midst is most durable and conuenient for nourishment Such custome vsed by those of auncient time is not obserued now adaies especially in the countries of France and therefore we will not say any thing of this changing of wine out of one vessell into another CHAP. XV. Of the time of pearsing the vessells and tasting the wine and how to draw it without causing it to take winde MEn of auncient time did attribute so much vnto the influence of the starâ— as that they did pearse their vessells either for tasting or drinking of their wine at the rising of the Sunne or the Moone hauing this opinion that at such times the wine doth moue and therefore ought not in any case to bee touched or dealt withall Wee doe not so curiously prie into the matter but wee pearse our vessells at all times and as oft as either necessitie or commoditie will persuade and doth require Notwithstanding in pearcing of them you must haue this wisdome as to beware that they take as little winde as possibly may bee and when there is but a verie little drawne of it you must presently fill vp the vessell againe for feare of spending of it selfe As concerning the tasting of wine whether it bee to sell or drinke or if it be to finde out whether there bee any that is in daunger to bee turned some doe giue counsell that it is good to make the assay at such time as the North-East winde bloweth because at such times it is more pure and neate than at others others thinke it best when the South-wind bloweth because this vvind stirreth and moueth the wine verie much and sheweth it in deede to bee the same that it is but howsoeuer it is it is not good to taste the wine fasting for before meate vvine hath but a dull and dead tast neither yet after that you haue drunke of other vvine nor after you haue got a full bellie Furthermore the asâ—aier of wines must not haue eaten any soure thing salt bitter or any other thing which may alter his tast but must only haue eaten something without hauing digested it When our house-holder is disposed to pearce his vvine and that hee meaneth to draw it by a little and a little for his owne drinking and leasurably without giuing vnto it any vent at all hee must pearce it in the vpper part of the vessell with a pearcer which is for the same purpose and put into the hole the quill of a feather which must be open on both sides and it must bee as long as three fingers are broad and that vpon the top of that end of the quill which shall be vpward hee put some cotten couering the said cotten afterward with halfe a Walnut-shell and vpon it againe some ashes or vvet lime laid and when he hath done all this let him set the tap in the vessell and by this meanes he shall draw his vvine easily and vnto the lees without giuing of it any vent CHAP. XVI Certaine small things to be obserued concerning Wine WHen the case so standeth as that the Vintage proueth small and that the Lord of the farme in respect of sparing desireth to make a small Wine wherewith he would passe ouer the requisite prouision of his house in stead of a better and stronger wine hee shall make it in this sort after the manner of a rappe Vine In the time of Vintage he shall cause to bee taken a good quantitie of the knots of the grapes called Pinots and Sarminians when they are verie ripe and haue a hard skin and of these knots alone and whole wiâ—hout bursting of them he shall cause a vessell to be silled neere full which hee shall cause to be set downe vpon one of the ends and afterward cause it to be taken downe againe and set vpon a cantling and so shall cause to be turned into it two pints of good wine that is olde and mightie This being done he shall cause there to be water boiled wherof when it is hote he shall goe forward and proceed to the filling vp of the vessell and so shall leaue it vntill his small wine haue done boiling and be become throughly cold which is sometimes sooner sometimes later according as the yeare prooueth hote or cold whereunto he may then put a â—ap to draw out of the same and to begin to drinke thereof And as oft as he draweth out thereof he shall fill vp his vessell againe with so much cold water as he drew forth of his wine and so by that meanes keep his vessell alwaies full And by this meanes his said small wine will passe ouer the greatest part of the yeare in one state of goodnes And when this small wine shall begin to grow too weake he shall draw out thereof a quart and put in place thereof as much good old wine And in drinking of it he shall holde on if so it seeme good vnto him his putting in of water as before except that it be found too weake to put in any more wine and then he shall make his worke-folkes to drinke of it filling it vp still daily with vvater as before The colour of this small Wine is verie pleasant and faire The way to keepe new wine that it shedde not in the time of the boiling in the vessell is to put about the hole at which the new vvine commeth forth a wreathe of Pennie-royall Calamint or Organie or else you shall annoint the edges of the said hole within with Milke or Cheese made of Cowes milke or else you shall cast into the vessell of Wine a morsell of Cheese for it will keepe in the great heat of the new Wine To cause new Wine to be quickly purged you must put into fifteene quarts of new Wine halfe a pint of Vineger and within three
man could desire in a ground of speciall and principall praise and commendation It is true that besides that Necessitie doth beget skill and prouoke and stirre vp men to take all possible paine industrie and care it doth also procure that there should not that discommoditie be found to offer it selfe which shall not be recompenced and counteruailed either by one or other commoditie as for example in hot places there are growne good Wines and Fruits of long continuance in cold places great store of sweet waters and sometimes sea-water which greatly encreaseth their profit in others for the most part when the Earth is barren in the vpper part it containeth some good things vnderneath as it falleth in Stone-pits Mynes and such other things which make the change for the better So then wee are to hold our selues content with such estate and condition as the place shall affoord where we must dwell and settle our habitation and if it be not such as some curious man in his desire or one that is hard to please might require and looke for then wee shall straine our selues to mend it by the meanes see downe hereafter There are verie few Farmes to be found so seated as that there is not something to be supplyed as want of Water in high and ascending places such as are the Countries of Beaux and Campaigne notwithstanding that their grounds there be strong as it happeneth in rising and mountainous places too great store of water in falling grounds and long valleyes such as are to be found in some places of Sauoy Daulphine Auuergne and Gascoigne in which places there is more pasture than tillage other quarters are giuen by nature to be sandie as towards the Towne of Estamps Saint Marturin de l'Archaut in Solongue and in the Countrey of Lands which notwithstanding cease not to be moist and waterish other quarters are chalkie and clayie as towards Rheims Troy and Chalons in Campaigne othersome are stonie as towards Saint Lou de Sâ—rans Tonnerre Vezelay in Daulphine and in the Pyrene Mountaines where is to be found great store of excellent Marble and some are rockie which are most fit for the Countries abounding with Vines Howsoeuer the case stand the building cannot happen in so inconuenient and strange a place but that a man may make choice to take the best quarter for the Sunne-shine as that which is most for the health and wholesomenesse of the inhabitants and apply it euerie way for his vse and ease If therefore a high and flat place as Beaux or high France doe want Water you must for a supply make Pooles right ouer against your Courts and Cesternes in your Gardens and as for your grounds you must draw furrowes therein in such sort as that the earth cast vp by the way may retaine moisture a long time and if the ground proue it selfe strong you shall not need to manure and dung it so oft neither yet to let it lye fallow more than euerie fourth yeare If you cast Pits you must digge them of a conuenient widenesse and length that is to say fouresquare but somewhat more long than wide after the fashion of the Pits Aranques which are in vse in the gardens of Prouence and Languedoc with their trough laid to the brinkes of the Pits to receiue such water as is drawne but if the water be so low in the ground that such kind of Pits cannot be made then there must Pits be made to go with a wheele and those so large as that at euerie draught you may draw vp halfe a pipe of water at the least which you shall emptie into particular troughes and keepe them for the vse of your People and Cattell but aboue all other things you must haue a speciall care to gather and keepe well all Raine water either in Câ—sterne or otherwise The Cesterne shall be set in such a place as that it may receiue all that commeth from such spouts as are belonging to roofes or lower lofts of the house It must be firmely and closely paued with clay and mortar and after drawne ouer and floored with the same mortar to the end that the water be not made muddie or â—ast of the earth and if there happen any clift or chinke you must stop it with Cement made of cleane Haire Tallow vnquencht Lime and yolkes of Egges well beat and made into powder and then all of them well mixed together The throat or passage for the water out of it shall be such as that appointed for the Pits or Wells Some cast into their Cesternes Eâ—les and other fresh water fish for to be fed and kept there to the end that the water may become the lighter by reason of their mouing and stirring of it and that so it may the more resemble the nature of running water but indeed such water is nothing wholesome for men as neither yet for beasts it were farre better to straw with greene hearbes all the bottome of the said Cesterne and cast in little pebbles of the Riuer vpon them for by this meanes rather the water would be made better Moreouer for the discommoditie of Wood you shall make leane the earth in certaine places neere vnto your lodging with grosse Sand Fullers earth and ashes from off the Earth after that you shall either sow or set there such Trees as you shall thinke that may serue you although indeed it were good to proue what kind of Trees would best prosper there before you wholly sow or set it If your place extend and reach vnto some running streame your medowes shall not be so farre off from it as your house which to be too neere a neighbour vnto Riuers would be a cause of procuring Rheumes and the falling down of some Roomes and yet it is not good to haue it too farre off as well in respect of watering of the Cattell as for the washing of Buckes Skinnes Line and Hâ—mpe for the whiting of Webs of Cloth if so be that you intend or purpose any such thing for the grinding of your Corne as also if onely the Riuer neere vnto you be nauigable to send that which you reape from your Fields vnto the Towne but you must chuse the highest peece of ground to build your dwelling house vpon I leaue out the pleasures of Princes and great noble Personages who for their delight sake doe dwell in Summer in wattie places excellently trimmed and beautified with waters and furnished with all delights for our householder may not in any case charge himselfe with further costs than this his state may well beare for Princes haue wherewith they may be at their change and varietie of lodgings according to the changes and alterations of the seasons of the yeare and to turne at their pleasure the square into the round and contrariwise In a drie place as Beaux and Champaigne and the mountainous Countries learnâ— to set your building so well as
Grasâ—e doe â—lose vp in selfe and gather together his leaues if the Swine doe play a long time and runne to and fro shaking and â—earing what they haue taken in running if the wormes come out of the Earth if the Cat after that she hath a long time licked the sole of her foot and trimming â—he haire of her head doe reach the said sole of her foot oftentimes ouer her â—are Likewise he shall foretell great aboundance of Raine if the Clouds be darke deepe and thicke if the drops of water falling from the Skies be somewhat whitish and make great bubbles and great falls here below if the Raine fall mildly and begin to fall with small drops if the Water fallen vpon the Earth in great aboundance without any wind be incontinently drunke vp of the Earth if the Waters of the Fennes and standing Pooles grow warme without the heat of the Sunne more than ordiâ—arie if Hennes with their Chickens by and by in the beginning of the Raine doe flye vnto their houses or if in the morning they come forth late and as it were not vnconstrained to their feeding if the heauenly Bow called in Latine Iris doe stretch it selfe towards the South or if it appeare double triple or foure-fold in the Heauens and if it appeare after it hath rained the feare of future Raine is not quite abandoned He shall foresee times of Snow in Winter if he perceiue that the clouds of darke ones become as it were whitish chiefely when the North wind bloweth if round about the Sunne or the Moone there come diuers pale circles or halfe red ones if in the time of great Cold the ayre grow thicke and somewhat rebated of his sharpenesse if it make a drie Cold without any Frost if together with many signeâ— of Raine there appeare many also of Cold approaching He shall iudge in like sort of Haile if in the Spring or Autumne he see that the clouds of blacke and darke ones become whitish or if about the moneth of Aprill together with many signes of Raine there be mixt darke and whitish clouds Hee shall giue good heed to the tokens fore-shewing future Winds and they are these if the Sunne at his setting be red if the Sunne set amongst reddish clouds if the Sunne all the day long or a great while before his setting haue carried a Purple colour and setting seemeth greater than ordinarie if the Moone haue a red face if the Clouds in a faire Season and beautifull Skie be carried on high if the Clouds appeare in the Heauens gathered together as they were flockes of Sheepe if Forestâ— and the high tops of Mountaines doe make a noyse if the starres of Heauen runne euerie way if they seeme more grosâ—e and of greater light than vsuall if it thunder in the Morning or in Winter if in the Spring time it thunder more mightily and ofter than it lighteneth if the sound of Bells be sometimes heard very easily and by and by not to be heard if the Sparrowes doe sing and chirpe beyond measure if the Dogs tumble themselues vpon the ground if the webs and small threads of the Spiders doe flye in the Ayre if the Duckes doe spread and flicker with their wings often and a long time together if the Heron crie toward night as he is flying if the â—lame of the fire cast forth many small sparkles if the Wood doe crackle and breath out wind more than ordiâ—arie Hee shall fore-tell the happening of any Thunder Brightnesse Lightening and Tempest when hee shall see that in the morning and euening in Summer or in the beginning of Autumne the Sunne yeeldeth a greater heat than ordinarie and when there appeareth in the ayre a verie thicke and deepe cloud if the Wind called Typhon causing Whirle-winds doe blow ragingly and that the ayre be full of many thicke and darke clouds if the dayes in Summer or Autumne be more feruent and hot than the season of the yeare can naturally beare and that sometimes at the Sunne-set there appeare a Raine-bow toward the West if there flye in the ayre many ajriâ— impressions and burning flames He shall be assured of faire Weather when he shall perceiue that the Sunne sheweth it selfe cleane at his rising or cleare and shining at his setting hauing about it manie small clouds apart one from another and withall somewhat red and pleasant when the Sunne in the time of raine setteth haâ—ing his face red and fierie and when the Day-breake which men call the Morning shall appeare of the naturall colour of white and indeed the Prouerbe A red euening and a white morning setteth the Pilgrime a walking teacheth as much if when the Moone is three or foure dayâ—â— old it shew it selfe pleasant and cleane without spots or clouds if when it is in the full it be seene cleare and that that part of the Heauens called S. Iames his way appeare cleare and bright if at euening there appeare many Lightnings not accompanied with Thunders or Clouds if at euening or morning at what time of the yeare soever it be the deaw fall in great abundance if the Northerne wind blow strongly if the Owle after Sâ—â—ne-set doe come forth and whoop all the night without ceasing if the little Fâ—ies before Sunne-set doe swarme together and sport themselues in the Sunne-beameâ— iâ— the Crowes flocke together in great companies and call with a â—ull voice it the Crow call early in the morning if the Bats doe â—omâ— forth of their â—oles at 〈◊〉 set and â—lye vp downe in the open ayre if the Craneâ—â—lye high and doe not betake themselues verie quickly to a lower pitch if Watâ—r-Fowles doe haunt somewhat â—arre off fâ—om the side of the Water And although that the parts of the yeare ordinarily haue their beginning and ending at a certaine time as the Spring beginneth about the seuenteenth of Februarie and endeth about the seuenteenth of May and so consequently of the other notwithstanding for as much as these parts and seasons doe square and fall out of order sometimes sooner sometimes later the good Husbandman shall haue ouer and aboue the common certaine signes and tokens to fore-see the beginnings and endings of the times of the yere as they may fall out extraordinarily As if hee know that Water-Fowles foâ—sake the Water or that the house-Nightingale especially the Male doâ— sing more than any of all the rest if the Cranes flocke together and returne vnto the place from whence they are come if the Geese fight together for their feeding place being in great leanenesâ—e or if the Sparrow more than ordinarie call betimes in the morning he shall say that Winter is at hand In like maner if he see that the Westernâ— wind begin to blow and that the cold rebateth if the Swallows do returne in flocks 〈◊〉 the Ducks haue their breast-bone white at the end of Winter he shall iudge that 〈◊〉 Spring will be verie quickly for such creatures doe
the Ouen and taken in the weight of a French crowne with white Wine halfe a quarter of an houre before the fit Furthermore the Liniment made with Mithridate or the oyle of Scorpions applyed to the ridge of the backes soles of the feet palmes of the hands brow and temples some small time before the fit The verie same vertue hath the oyles of Bâ—yes mixed with Aqua vitae Some townesmen doe vse this superstitious rite against such manner of agues that is to say they eat nine dayes together being fasting the leaues of Sage the first day nine the second eight and so consequently they diminish euerie day a leafe vntill the last of the said nine dayes and the confident persuasion that they haue of this medicine doth cure them Some find it verie singular in a Quartane Ague after purging to drinke white wine wherein there hath beene Sage steeped all night if you eat before the fit a head of Garlicke pilled you shall scape the fit of shiuering cold if you drinke one or two ounces of the iuices of the root of Elder stamped and strained some small time before the fit and take the same againe two or three times you shall lose your ague The distilled water of the roots of Sea-Holly or else take a dramme of Myrrhe in powder and drinke it with Malmesey an houre before the fit The distilled water or decoction of Carduâ— Benedictus and taken before the fit Pills made of Myrrhe and of Treacle as big as a â—ich pease taken an houre before the fit For the Thirst of an Ague let him roll to and fro vpon his tongue the three-cornered stone found in the heads of Carpes or the leaues of round Sorrell or a piece of Siluer or Gold or a Snayle stone or a piece of Crystall oftentimes dipt in water or the leaues of Purslâ—ne or of Houseleeke or the husked seeds of Cucumbers For a Tertian Ague steepe in white Wine the bruised root of hearbe Patience for the space of three or foure houres afterward straine it and reserue about a pretie draught to giue the sicke to drinke an houre or two before his fit or else doe the like with the rootes of Plantaine steept in equall quantitie of Wine and Water or take a pretie draught of the iuice of Plantaine or of Purâ—lane or of Pimpernell and drinke them a verie little while before the fit or else drinke with Wine euerie day six leaues of Cinquefoile that is to say three in the morning and three at the euening or the iuice of Smallage of Sage and good strong Vineger of euerie one an ounce three houres before the fit The most soueraigne remedie that some men doe find for it is to drinke fasting fiue houres before the fit two ounces of the iuice of Pomegranats and presently after to lay to the wrists temples and soles of the feet small pills of the bignesse of a Pease made of an ounce of the oyntment of Populeon and two drammes of Spiders webs and there to leaue them vntill such time as that the houre and feare of the fit be past or else a Cataplasme made of Sage Rue Greeke Nettle gathered before Sunne-rise of each a handfull Salt and Soot the quantitie of a Walnut it being all stamped with vineger and applyed to the pulset an houre before the fit Some doe greatly approue of a Liniment of Earthwormes boyled with Goose grease to rub the brow and temples of the sicke partie withall before the fit or else to carrie about his necke the hornes of a swift Hart which is a singular remedie For a Quotidian it is good to drinke somewhat before the fit the iuice drawne out of Betonie and Plantaine or to drinke euerie morning a reasonable draught of the decoction made of the root of Smallage Parsley Radishes Sperage leaues of Betonie and Spleenwort red cich Pease and the middle riâ—de of Elder or to steepe in white wine the roots of Danewort and to drinke a small draught thereof an houre before the fit but after that hee must take heed of sleeping or let him drinke euerie day with Wine two leaues of Cinquefoile one in the morning and another at euening as also let him apply vnto his pulses the Cataplasme that wee haue set downe for the Quartane Ague To take away the paine of the Head comming of great heat namely such as befalleth Mowers during the Summer time there must be applyed vpon the browes slices of Gourds or Linnen Clothes dipped in Rose water or the iuice of Plantaine Nightshade Lettuce Purcelane and Vineger of white Wine or let her beat two whites of egges with Rose water and with Flaxe make a Frontlet or stampe bitter Almonds with Veruaine water and apply them vnto the browes or to wash the head in warme water in which hath beene boyled the leaues of Vines and Willowes the flowers of Water-Lillies and Roses and with the same water to wash the feet and legges and if in case the paine be so great as that there is feare that hee should loose his wits let there be applyed vpon the crowne of his head browes and temples a Cataplasme made of the white of an egge Bole-armoniacke Crabbes throughly boyled and Poppie seed with the water of Betonie and Vineger If the Head complaine it selfe of too much Drinke there may be made a Frontlet with wild Time Maiden haire and Roses or receiue and take the fume of the decoction of Coleworts or by and by after the head beginneth to be ill to eat one or two short-started Apples or some bitter Almonds or else to drinke of the shauings of Harts-horne with Fountaine or Riuer water or if you see that your stomacke be not sicke thou mayst take of the haire of the Beast that hath made thee ill and drinke off a good glasse of Wine If the Head become sicke of some great Cold apply and lay to the Head a bag full of Branne Millet and rubbed Salt or of Sage Marierome Betonie Tyme Annise-seed Fennell-seed Bay-berries and Iuniper-berries as hot as you can endure them or else chafe the temples with the iuice of Nightshade oyle of Roses and Vineger To cure the Frensie that commeth of a hot cause you must apply vpon the head of the patient the lungs of a Sheepe newly killed or the whole Gather or some Henne or Pigeon slit along the backe and applyed vnto the same place or rub his browes and all his head ouer with oyle of Roses Vineger and Populeon or with the iuice of Nightshade oyle of Roses and Vineger To awake those which are giuen to sleepe too soundly it is good to make a Frontlet of Sauorie boyled in Vineger or to make a perfume for the patients nosthrils with strong Vineger or seed of Rue or Nigella or feathers of a Partridge or of old Shooe soles or of the hoofes of an Asse or of mans haire or else to apply vpon the browes a Cataplasme of
make water in Copper Brasse or Latten vessels they swill the vrine round about the Basin and afterward vpon the suddain doe cast it out of the Basin they couer the Basin with a cleane Linnen Cloth and let it stand so couered foure and twentie houres they find rust in the bottome and round about it they gather and dissolue the said rust with Rose water which Rose water they keepe within a Violl well stopped and drop thereof into their eyes euening and morning holding them wide open Many likewise there be which content themselues with Tuthia prepared To take away the filthinesse or gumminesse of the eyes touch them and rub them round about with a Saphire dipt in cold water To preuent that the eye doe not continue blacke or red after a blow there must by and by be dropt into the eye the bloud of the wing of a Pigeon or Turtle doue To take away red spots or blemishes of the eye it is good to vse the like remedie or else to apply to the eye a Cataplasme made of young Wormewood stamped with the milke of a woman and Rose water For an old rednesse in the eye take the bignesse of a small Nut of white Copperas and a scruple of Florence Ireos as much of Roch Allome make a powder which you shall mix with halfe a pint of Fountaine water after the measure of Paris or else boyle them all together vntill the water become cleare and drop into your eye three or foure drops either of the one water or of the other or make a Liniment to apply vpon it with the drosse of oyle of Linseed gumme Arabicke Tragacanth Mastick and Camphire For the inflammation of the Eye it is a singular remedie to apply to the eye the lungs of a Sheepe newly killed or to make a Cataplasme of the pulpe of a sweet apple roasted vnder the embers mingled with Barley meale the milke of a woman Rose water and the white of an egge The water of Marigolâ—s is also soueraigne good in this case A Wolues eye or the stones that are found in the mawes of Swallowes haue the like vertue hanged about the necke Or take with the point of a needle a piece of Frankincense set it on fire with a waxe Candle after quench it in foure ounces of Rose water goe ouer this course thirtie times and straine the Rose water through a white Linnen Cloth and keepe it to drop in some drops of the same into the corners of your eyes at night when you goe to bed and in case you may feele great paine in your eyes mixe together with this water a little of womans milke To restraine teares and all other humors falling vpon the eyes it is good to take a decoction of the leaues of Betonie the roots of Fennell and a little fine Frankincense and to make an eye-â—alue thereof also to wash the weeping eyes oftentimes with the decoction of Cheâ—uile or to drop thereinto sometimes the iuice of Rue mixt with purified Honey Some hold it for a secret remedie to tye behind the head some drops of Amber which also haue the vertue to slay the â—heume falling downe into the throat or else to drop into the eye water distilled of the gall of a man and Celandine or else to annoint the edges of the eye-lids with the soot of Butter burned in a Lampe which is a secret for to drie vp and stay all rheumes of the eyes and to shut vp most speedily all vlcers made in the great corners of the eyes and all rheumes comming of the tendernesse or blearednesse of the eye For the white spots of the Eyes take one or many new egges layd the same day by one or moe blacke Hennes or for want of blacke Hennes by other rost them hard vpon hot embers cut them afterward into equall quarters and take away the yelke and put in place thereof as much Sugar candie made in powder of the whitest you can get strayne all together through a Linnen Cloth verie cleane and doubled that so you may doe it verie strongly the water or liquor that commeth forth is verie good to drop one drop after another into the diseased eye at night when they goe to bed or at any houre of the day There is another water verie good for the same disease which is made of white Copperas Sugar candie Rose water and the hard whites of egges they being all strayned through a Linnen Cloth and of this there must be some put into the eye after dinner and at night going to bed Some doe vse with verie good successe another Water which is this Take of Tuthia prepared and powdered an ounce Mace halfe an ounce infuse them together in Rose water and white Wine of each halfe a pint of Paris measure for the space of sixe weekes in a Glasse well stopped this Glasse you shall set in the Sunne when it shineth and take it in when it shineth not or is Night or Raine stirre the Glasse twice or thrice euerie day These remedies are likewise good for red running and weake eyes For ach in the Eare comming of a hot cause drop thereinto the oyle of Henbane take oyle of Roses and a little Vineger and make thereof an iniection into the eare apply thereto afterward a bag of Camomill Melilote Linseed and Holihocks boyled in milke If the cause be of cold then put therein musked Cotton or a graine of Muske Seribonius doth commend greatly the foot of Pitch dropped warme into the eare which aketh by reason of an inflammation together with a little of the oyle of Roses Against the noyse and sounding of the Eare it is good to drop into the eares of the oyle of Rue or Spike oyle of bitter Almonds or Bayes together with a little Aqua vitae or fat of an Eâ—le or Aqua vitae wherein hath beene steept the seed of Cummin or Aâ—â—ise or else take the scrapings of the wood of Cedar tree made verie small and thereof fill a bag of crimson Taffata verie thin of the greatnesse of an Almond dip it in verie good Aqua vitae in such sort as that the said bagge be throughly drencht with the same put the same bagge well and forward and close into the hole of the eare which bloweth and soundeth and afterward lye downe vpon the same eare Against Deafenesse you must drop into your eares the iuice of an Onion or of Brionie mixed with Honey or Oyle wherein haue beene boyled the roots of Daffodill or of the iuice of the riâ—des of Radishes mixt with oyle of Roses or the fat of an Eele and the oyle of bitter Almonds For the losse of Smelling or when it is corrupted make a perfume with the seed of Nigella the leaues of Aron Rue and other hearbes which haue a strong fauour also smell oft vpon Mints For tumors vnder the eare you must make a Cataplasme of the flower of Barley
boyled in honied water and putting thereto the Muscilage of Fleawort seed and the oyle of Lillies A Cataplasme made of the dung of Goats fresh Butter and the residence of the oyle of Nuts doth digest the swellings vnder the eare Against the stinking of the Nosthrils it is good to snuffe vp into the nosthrils of the decoction of Marierome Calameth Cloues Ginger and Nutmegs made inwhite Wine or else of the vineger of Squils To stay bleeding at the Nose you must by and by lay your thumbe vpon that side of the nose that bleedeth and you must put about your necke a neck-lace of Iaspar stone you must tie the vttermost parts of the bodie so strait as you can and put in the nose a tent of dead Nettles and hold in your hands the leaues and rootes of Agrimonie or else hold in your mouth verie cold Cesterne water and change it oftentimes Some doe much approue the vse of Camphire the flowers of Willow the mosse of Quinces and other hoarâ—e fruits put into the nose and to apply vnto the Browes Camphâ—re with the seed of Nettles or with the iuice of Plantain or of Nightshade or else to apply vnto the Temples and about the necke especially oueragainst the iugular veines hearbes of a cooling facultie as Nightshade Plantaâ—ne Lettuce dead Nettles or pricking Nettles pouned with salt and vineger Peruincle others Peruincle also put vnder the Tongue hath the same vertue Some doe make in like manner Neck-laces and Bracelets of the hearbe S. Innocent Some hold in the hand that is on that side that the nose doth bleed of a branch of Holihocke Diuers Countrie folkes to stay any kind of bleeding in any part doe wrap of Hogs dung in Cotton and apply it to the place from whence the bloud commeth Others snuffe vp into the nose the powder of a three-cornered stone found in the head of a Carpe dried and made into powder Against the ach of the Teeth you must boyle in Vineger and Rosewater the root of Henbane or of the Mulberrie tree and to hold this decoction in the mouth otherwise take a Cloue of Garlicke and rost it a little vnder hot embers afterward bray it and lay it vpon the pained tooth as hot as you can in like manner put one in the eare of the same side that the paine is Some doe bray a Cloue of Garlicke with Salt and lay it to the pulse of that arme that is vpon the aking side Otherwise take two drammes of the rootes of Pellitorie bruised of the leaues of Sage Rosemarie of euerie one halfe a handfull Three fat Figges and you shall boyle them all in tenne ounces of Wine vnto the consumption of all the Wine afterward you shall take a quantitie of the said Figges and apply it to the aking tooth as hot as possible may be or else wash and gargle your teeth with the decoction of ground Yuâ—e made in Wine and to the consumption of the third part of the said Wine After the same manner you must apply vpon the pulses of the Temples a playster made of Pitch the powder of Allome and a Gall verie hot It is good also for the ach of the teeth to put thereupon the iuice of Garlicke Motherwort Rue or some hot oyle as that of Sage which is singular in this behalfe Some hold it for a secret to weare about the necke the tooth of a man knit within a piece of Taffata or a Beane found in which there is inclosed a Lowse taketh away the most strong paine of the teeth that may be endured It is good to foment the loose teeth with the decoction of Rosewater and Allome or else of the rootes of Cinquefoile and Allome and in case you would cause them to fall out put in their hole or hollow place of the ashes of Earth-wormes or of the dung of Mice or of the tooth of a Hart for such ashes will cause them to fall out by and by without any Iron or Instrument Or else apply thereunto the stone of a Mulberrie or else steepe the root of Mulberrie tree stampt and bruised the space of fiue daies in good strong vineger in the Sunne and there let it drie so as that you may make it into powder and then apply the same powder Vnto your tooth or else you shall apply thereto the braines of a Partridge or the iuice of water-Cresses in the place or else put into the hollow of the tooth the iuice of great Celandine To keepe the Teeth cleane and bright and to preserue them from the falling downe of all manner of Rheumes take a pint of Fountaine water a third part of Rosewater put therein two drammes of Allome as much of Cinnamon boyle them softly together in a Viall or earthen Pot well Leaded vnto the consumption of the third or fourth part wash your mouth and teeth therewith euening and morning or else wash your mouth and teeth in the warme decoction of small Sage Rosemarie and great Marierome boyled in white Wine to the consumption of the third part To stay the Canker of the Teeth hold in the morning a great graine of Salt vnder your tongue vntill it be there melted then rub your teeth therewith To take away the stinking of the Mouth it is good to wash the mouth with Wine wherein hath boyled Anniseed and Cloues or to chaw the root of Acornes or else to chew Masticke long ynough For the stinking of the Teeth it is good to rub them with the leaues of Sage and the rinde of a Ciâ—â—on or with the powder of Cloues and Nutmegs in the meane time there must be auoided the vse of Milke-meats raw Fruits sharpe things and such as are hard to chew all victuals of ill digestion and all vomiting To white and take the wrinkles out of the Hands take the drosse of oyle of Linseed steepe it in raine water and wash your hands therewith or else wash your hands with the iuice of Citrons alone or some graines of Salt mixed therewithall For the Cough take Hysope and Folefoot of each one handfull Figges of Marcellis damaske Raisins and Licorice of each an ounce boyle them all in water vntill the third part be consumed vse this decoction twice a day two houres before dinner in the morning and at euening one houre before supper It is good likewise to take red Coleworts and to make them boyle two or three boyles with an handfull of Folefoot and a slip or two of Hysope and to vse this broth twice a day For the Squinancie or sorenesse of the Throat you must take a whole Swallowes Neast boyled with white Wine and with the oyle of Camomill and sweet Almonds therewith to make a Cataplasme and to apply it vnto the throat or to drinke by and by the weight of a French crowne of the tooth of a wild Boare powdred with the water of Carduus Benedictus or to touch the diseased
pure Wheat boyled till it become like pappe with thicke red Wine and apply it vnto the teates vpon plageats as hot as may be endured For belching at the mouth it is good to take fasting a Dredge made of Annise Fennell Caraway and Coriander seed or else to drinke Wine in the morning two or three times and that such as wherein hath beene boyled Bay-berries Annise Coriander and Fennell seed and apply vpon the stomacke a bag full of Rue Wormewood Marierome and Mints For the Hicket it is good to keepe ones breath oftentimes and long to stop both his eares to hold his head awry and his mouth couered and vpward to procure himselfe to neese to labour much to endure thirst to cast cold water in his face which hath the Hicket thereby to cause him to feare Some are of opinion that if he which hath the Hicket doe count and reckon the first saying one or borrowing hee shall haue no moe but that one Against Vomiting take a tost of bread and steepe it in the claret water hereafter described or in the iuice of Mints spread it ouer with the powder of Masticke apply it warme vnto the stomacke renewing it euerie three houres Otherwise take two handfuls of Mints and one of Roses boyle them in Wine take afterward two ounces of tosted bread and let it be well steeped in Wine and afterward compounded with Masticke and the said Mints and Roses make thereof a playster to lay to the stomacke before you goe to meat It is true that if the vomiting be with an ague it will be good to boyle the Mints and Roses and to steepe the tosted bread in vineger In like manner Mints brayed and mingled with oyle of Roses applyed vnto the stomacke is a singular helpe for any kind of vomiting it is good likewise at the end of meat to swallow downe one gulpe of Water or a morsell of Marmalade of Quinces not drinking afterward and in the morning two houres before meat to swallow fiue or six Pepper-cornes whole with Wine or the sirrup of Mints or of Wormewood or greene Ginger preserued It is also good to set cupping Glasses vpon the bottome of the Stomacke or vnder the Nauell and then chiefely when the partie eateth to take rest after meat and to talke or cough any thing at all For the paine of the Stomacke fill a dish with hot ashes sprinkle them with Wine oueâ— them cast a Linnen cloth which may couer all the dish apply this vnto the pained place or else put vnto the stomacke a hot bagge full of fried Salt or else take the crums of a good thicke Loafe and being dipt as it commeth hot out of the Ouen in the Oyle of Camomill and wrapt in a Linnen cloth let it be applyed vnto the paine or else fill a Swines bladder with the decoction of the leaues of Bayes Organiâ— Marierome Mints Time Camomill Calamint Melilote Annise and Fennell seed apply it to the paine warme it againe when it shall be cold or else make a cake with a handfull of Wormewood Mints and Roses kneaded with Rye Leauen and Wine and apply it vnto the stomacke For the obstruction of the Liuer vse a decoction made of Succorie the roots of Parsley Smallage Fennell Dogs grasse Patience Butchers broome Cich pease Capillus Veneris Hoppes and Fumitorie vse-likewise oftentimes the shauings of Iuorie For the heat of the Liuer there is nothing better than to vse Lettuce Sorrell Purcelane Hoppes in pottage and sometimes to drinke the water of the said hearbes fasting or the water of Endiue Against the Iaundise drinke fasting of the dung of Ganders the weight of a French crowne well mingled with white wine for the space of nine dayes or else of the decoction of the leaues and roots of Strawberries or else take Missletoe of the white Thorne gathered before the Sunne rise about a handfull three or foure roots of Parsley bray them all together with white wine let them runne through a linnen cloth or strainer and drinke of this euening and morning a reasonable draught This is a more excellent remedie than many others which notwithstanding women with child must not vse but in place of it you must apply to the wrists and soles of their feet the leaues of Missletoe of the Oake of great Celandine and Horehound the whole being brayed with a little wine and made in forme of a Cataplasme Some commend highly against the Iaundise to take of the wormes of the earth to wash them in white wine and after to drie them and making a powder of them to giue thereof a small spoonefull in white Wine or the decoction of Wormewood or of Horehound or to drinke fasting ones owne vrine certaine dayes or to drinke for the space of eight mornings with white wine fasting fiue trottles of â— Goat Some say that to carrie in the left hand three leaues of wild Rocket doth cure the Iaundise Some also hold that to weare vnder the soles of the feet the leaues of Shepheards purse or of great Celandine next vnto their bare feet doth the like For the Dropsie it is good to make a drinke with the seed of Broome pouned and brayed in white wine or to make a drinke of the iuice of the root of Gladiolus or Asarum with white wine or to drinke fasting his owne vrine for the space of certaine dayes to apply in like manner vnto the moist places a Cataplasme of Cowes dung warme with which as Galen testifieth a Physition of Misia did maruellously heale all manner of Dropsies or to apply vpon the swolne place shell-Snayles aliue not washed but carefully bruised A secret remedie against the Dropsie is to drinke with honied water the powder of Glasse seuen times burned and seuen times quenched in the iuice of Flower-de-luce or white wine For the paine or heauinesse of the Spleene drinke wine wherein hath boyled Scolopendrium Sperage and Hoppes or else drinke oftentimes fasting of the broth of red Coleworts halfe boiled or of the decoction of Romane Wormwood or of Pauls Betonie or of small Centaurie or Smiths forge-Forge-water For the paine of the Collicke there is nothing more soueraigne than to weare about him a Ring or Boxe of siluer in which is inclosed some part of the nauell of an infant newly borne and that the Ring do touch the flesh There is also nothing more singular than to drinke in a pretie draught of white wine the red pill which is to be found in the space and cartilaginous gristles of Walnut kernels dried in the moneth of August and made into powder or to drinke foure or fiue ounces of the oyle of Nuâ—s or of Linseed or of the shells of ripe Nuts or the water of Camomill or the decoction of the seed of Hempe or Wine wherein hath beene steept for the space of tenne or twelue houres the root of Enula campana bruised or the powder of a Stagâ— pizzle drunke
till they become very blacke then powre vpon them by little little the oyle of Oliues alwaies turning them to fro in such sort as that they may drinke vp all the oyle and after become drâ—e againe insomuch as that they being taken from the fire may be pouned very well whereunto adde of Vitriol Roscmarie Sal gemmâ— the drie earth whereof tyles are made Cloues all these being likewise made in pouder On the other side boile in wine the â—ind of the Walnut of the Pemgranat and Allome as much of the one as of the other so long as till the Wine become blacke as â—inke straine this Wine and cast into it your powder before you vse it scoure your â—ead with some good lee and then hauing dried it againe afterward wash it with this Wine wherein these drugs be and then put on a coise and so keepe it for fiue or six houres after in the end wash it verie well with water and wine and drie it the haire will abide blacke for fiue or six moneths Against the biting of a maâ— dogge giue to eat the root of sweet Eglantine â—oment the place with the vrine of a young infant or with the grosse partâ— of the decoction of Rue Figges red Coleworts and salt mixt with honey and butter If the Husbandman or any of his people haue beene bitten with a Snake or other Serpent let him drinke presently an indifferent draught of the iuice of the Ash tree pressed out with white wine and let him apply vnto the bitten place in manner of a Cataplasme the leaues out of which the iuice was pressed or let him drop into the hole made by the Snakes biâ—ing three or foure drops of the milke of the Figge-tree or of Figges or some Mustard seeds powned with vineger or else take the leaues of white Mullein Auens red Goose-berrie bush of each a handfull boyle them all in vineger vrine of a man a like much vnto the consumption of the halfe drinke an indifferent draught of this decoction and foment the bitten place with the leaues If it fall out that a Snake or any other Serpent be crept into the Farmers bodie or into the bodie of any of his seruants lying asleepe with their mouthes open in the Medowes Gardens or other places there is nothing more soueraigne to force the fame againe out of such a bodie than to take at the mouth with a Funnell the smoake of a perfume made of some old shooe sole for the Snake detesteth such stinking fauours aboue all other things and to drinke the decoction of Veruaine made in white wine A thing tried and approued If a man haue swallowed downe a Horse-leach in drinking water you must giue him fleas with strong vineger If any Rat Spider Flie Waspe Hornet or other venomous Beast by his sting or biting haue caused your flesh to rise rub verie gently the offended place with the iuice of Houseleeke and incontinently the painâ— aud swelling will cease or else rub the place with your owne spettle or else put vpon the stung place the dung of a Cow or Oxe verie hot To kill Lice rub the place with the iuice of Brooâ—e mixe it with the oyle of Radish or of Iuâ—iper or with the decoction of Sâ—auesaâ—â— or else boyle within an earthen pot well leaded equall parts of Olibanum and lard of Bacon make them in forme of an Oyntment passe them through a Sâ—arce and keepe it afterward to rub the head withall or any other place where Lice are 〈◊〉 the danger ensuing of the eating of Mushromes drinke with honey and vineger Hennes dung brayed and you shall within an houre be healed of the heauinesse and strangling fits of the stomacke or else drinke the lee made of the Vine branches with a little salt And for as much as in the most part of the diseases aboue named and such others it is needfull that there should some purgation be taken to cast out the hurtfull humors which gather in the bodie the wise huswife may prouide and make this purgatiue following Take Virgins honey one pound Rubarbe or Sene or Agarick euen of any one of them or all three made into powder foure ounces mixe this powder with the honey and let it stand in the shadow sixtie daies in a potwell couered stirre it euerie day and take away the froth which you shall find on the top of it the honey will keepe all the force of the medicine and will cast vp in a scumme the substance thereof in such sort as that still it will abide without mixture To make this composition the more pleasant you may mixe therewithall some one or other drug that is pleasant and of a good rellish If you further desire to be instructed in diuers other remedies which are readily and easily to be gotten looke in our Latine worke called Thesaurus 〈◊〉 paratu facilis CHAP. XIII Of Kine and Calues FOr the better keeping of Kine let the Huswife procure and cause 〈◊〉 maids to ouer-looke oftentimes and see that all things be well in the Cow-house for there is nothing that doth them so much good and keepe them so well in health and good liking their meat and â—odder excepted as the cleane and neat keeping of their houses let them rub them along the backe about the necke and head and no more with a wispe of Straw hard wrythâ—â— together and made somewhat rough At their comming from the Pasture and in 〈◊〉 morning after they haue beene dressed let them carefully fill vp the holes that are in their house floore wherein their pisse might stand and stinke and let them cast Sand or Grauell vpon the floore that they may haue the faster and surer setting of theâ—â— feet Let them not be put to the Bull before they be vpon their third yeare nor any longer than vnto their twelfth yeare for if they be put too sooner than they be growne vp to their full strength and growth they will bring forth Calues halfe cast small and little weake and feeble And againe if you goe about to continue theâ—â— bearing after twelue yeares their Calues will not be so strong not of so comely a shape Yet in our neighbour Countries as great Britaine and other places of 〈◊〉 temperature their Cattell will beare well till sixteene or eighteene yeares of age and some till twentie but not generally You shall lead them thereto throughout all the time of the moneth of May Iune and Iuly when the grasse doth most flourish and againe about this time they are chiefely set to goe a bulling seeking for the Bull of themselues without being led vnto him And you shall know their inclination to the taking of the Bulâ— by their hoofes if they be puffed vp or swolne as also by their continuall lowing and by their leaping vpon the Bulls backe The profit which riseth by their taking of the Bull at this time is for
that they will happen about tenne moneths after which is the iust time of their going with Calfe to calue and that being at such time as new grasse doth draw on it will be an occasion of greatly encreasing their milke and vpon this occasion also their Calues shall be a great deale the better fed To the end they may hold bulling the better you must see that at such time they be kept bare and leane for so they will hold a great dealâ— better On the contrarie a good Bull for breed must be fat well set together and well meated hauing for two moneths space before beene fed with Barley and Fâ—â—ches He must also be chosen more long than high of a red haire large betwixt the shoulders strong legged round trussed and bodied broad breasted short 〈◊〉 broad browed fierce countenanced terrible to fight blacke eyes short hornes long tayle and full of haire But in England and other places they neuer vse to feed their horned Cattell with Corne for they find it of small or no profit Grasse or Hay being euer sufficient and though in France the red colour be euer most preferred yet as Serres also affirmeth the blacke is fully as excellent for the red exceedeth but 〈◊〉 prouing an extraordinarie vertue in the milke but the blacke is euer the hardest best flesht best â—allowed and hath the strongest hyde And if it happen that the Cow refuse the Bull or the Bull her they must be brought to haue a desire the one to the other by holding neere their nosthrils the tayle of a Hart burned or else vsing somâ— other composition whereof we will speake in the Treatise of Horses During the time of their going with Calfe they must be kept from leaping of Ditches as 〈◊〉 from leaping of Hedges or Bushes and a little before the time that they doe calue to feed them in the house or yard adioyning to the house and that with good Prouâ—â—der or Blossomes not milking them at all for the milke that they haue then cannot be but naught and becomâ—neth hard as a stone When they haue calued they may not be milked to make any Butter or Cheese vntill two moneths be past after which timâ— you shall send them againe to their pasture not suffering their Calues to sucke them any longer except it be at night when they returne from Pasture so long as they feed vpon fresh Prouander which you shall haue in readinesse for them and in the morâ—ing before you send them to Pasture In what state soeuer they be you shall not let them drinke aboue twice a day in Summer and once in Winter and that not of Riuer or Floud water but of some water which is waâ—me as Raine water Fenne or Well water hauing beene drawne a long time before for Well water by reason of the coldnesse might somewhat hurt them It is true that the Cow will not refuse any water that is without fault so that it be cleare for she loueth cleare water especially as the Horse on the contrarie that which is puddly and troubled being a signe of his goodnesse if so he â—umble the water with his foot before he drinke And as for â— Calues newly calued you must leaue them with good litter of fresh straw vntill such â— time as she haue licked cleansed and wiped them and for some fiue or six daies after â— for the being of the Cow with the Calfe doth heat and settle the Calfe After such â— time you shall put it by it selfe in some Shed prouiding it good Litter and renewing â— the same oftentimes and thence you shall bring them forth when you would haue them sucke and carrie them thither backe againe so soone as they haue sucked And if you see eyther that they will not sucke or that being willing to sucke they can doe nothing but offer to take the paps without sucking any thing you shall looke vnder the tongue if they haue not the Barbes which is a whitâ—sh fleshinesse growing vnder the tongue almost after the manner of the Pip which and if it be so you shall take away gently without slaying the tongue with little nipping Pincers washing the place afterward either with red Wine of it selfe or with the infusion of Salt and Garlicke stamped together for this disease will cause them to languish vnto death by keeping them from sucking Let the huswife also be diligent in taking away the Lice that may breed vpon Calues and make them languish and thrine nothing at all as doth also the Scab when they haue it and this is to be knowne by their skins if they become hard and stiffe after the manner of little ridges and that stroaking your hand along you feele the skin hackt and rough like a File and the haire staring and standing vpright For the healing of such scabs she shall rub them with Butter or with Oyle of the setlings of the Lampe all ouer the bodie where the scab is seized But as it is a great deale better to preuent diseases than to cure them the huswife shall cut off all entrance from these two annoyances if she cause to be rubd with the wispes of straw vnbound her Calues twice a day if she suffer not their pisse to stand in puddles vnder them if she see that they be kept with fresh Litter and drie causing their dung to be carefully cast out from among their Litter But to returne to the keeping and ordering of Kine the huswife shall appoint times for the milking of them as that they be milkt euening and morning at a conuenient houre and when they be at red That the Milke be strained so soone as it is taken and that Butteâ— be chernd with leysure but not any losse that the Cheese be well crasht prest and freed from their Whey and especially that her Pots kneading Troughs Strainers Slices and Cheâ—se presses and other implements seruing for the Dairie be kept neat and cleane and that none of her maids haue any thing to doe with either the Butter or Cheese when they haue their termes In the morning before going to field she shall cause the Calues to be gelded and that before they be two yeares old and not after for Calues grow the more when they are gelded in the time of their growth because thereby their bodies are made the more moist When they are gelded in respect of their paine and griefe there shal be giuen them Hay small shredded and mingled with Branne vntill they be come againe to their former stomackes and appetites They must not be gelded either when it is verie hot or cold or in the old of the Moone Being more than three yeares old they shall be put to the Neat-heard to begin to prepare them for the Draught and likewise she shall deliuer him her Kiâ—e with Calfe and those which after nine yeares doe not bring forth any more Calues for yet they may serue to draw in the
Runnet is the small Cheeslep bagge or stomacke of a young Calfe not aboue three weekes or a moneth old well washt salted cleansed and seasoned with Cloues Mace and a little Nutmeg and so kept in a close pot with Bryne and so vsed according as occasion serueth The pot in which the milke is must not be without some quantitie of heat for to keepe it warme and yet notwithstanding it must not come neere vnto the fire as it may not stand farre off And when it is curded and gathered together it must be put presently into slices tormes or fats for it is profitable that the Whay should run out and separate it selfe from the Curd But chiefely and aboue all other things it is required that the maidens which shall meddle with the making of Cheese should be cleanly fâ—t for the purpose their sleeues from about their hands and armes folded vp and aboue all farre from being troubled with their termes In like sort the people of the Countrey of Auergnac which make great reckoning of their Cheese doe chuse the young children that are but of foureteene yeares of age and those proper neat and handsomely trimâ—ed vp not hauing scabbed or scurâ—e hands neither yet of an vntemperate heat for they thinke and persuade themselues that such filthinesse of the hands doth hinder the full curding and ioyning together of the Cheese and so doth make them full of eies If she determine to drie harden and keepe them long she shall the more carefully looke to the strayning forth of the Whay and cleare Milke and after to set 〈◊〉 in rowes vpon 〈◊〉 Lattises or Cheese-heighâ—â— fit for the same and that withall it be in a cellar or in some darke and coole place or else to take them vp into some high place hauing store of aire prouided alwayes that the Sunne haue 〈◊〉 power ouer the Cheese She shall shift them euerie day vntill about the fourth or fifth day at which time they will begin to cast a slowre as though it were the flowre of meale and then shee shall cast a little small salt vpon them The next morning shee shall turne the other side and doe the like therewith after she shall turne them euery day and if need be make them cleane on both sides and about the edges with a rebated knife made of purpose such a one as will not cut After some time when 〈◊〉 knoweth that they are somewhat drie shee shall put them in another place as vpon boords layd as it were vpon ladders she shall cleanse and scrape them oft and keepe her boords cleane also and if by striuing to keepe them long they become hard and bitter she shall couer them ouer in Grauell or in Barly flower or in Cich-pease or else she shall couer them with the leaues of Dragons which likewise doe keepe them from being eaten of Mites and that they doe not become mouldie And in case that wormes doe eat them shee shall take away this vermine and annoint them with oyle of Linseed or the drossie parts of the same which will preserue them singularly 〈◊〉 or else shee shall put them in a great heape of Millet corne or Linseed which will keepe them fresh and coole in the hotest times and hot in the coldest times And seeing the deepest point of skill about Cheese is to bestow them so as that they may best mellow she shall bring them together in the end and put them in presses the clothes taken out and set neere the walls of cellars vnder the ground vpon small boordâ— hauing moistened them before with oyle Oliue or Linseed and vineger mixt together She shall iudge that for good Cheese which is fat and heauie the meat of it close and well compact of colour somewhat yellowish sweet to â—ast pleasant to smell and nothing mouldie neither yet full of mites or wormes and which is made of pure Cowes milke without mixing any sheepes milke therewith for it maketh the Cheesâ— lesse sauorie and more whitish It is true indeed that it may be made to looke yellow some Saffron mixt therewithall as is vsuall amongst the inhabitants of Poictou An old Cheese all mouldie brayed and mixed with the decoction of a salt gammon of Bacon and applyed in forme of a Cataplasme doth soften all the hard swellingâ— of the knees CHAP. XV. Of Hennes AS concerning the ordering of Pullen which is the chiefest thing that a good Huswife is to regard there must care be had that the Henne-house be euerie day made cleane euen so soone as the Pullen be out and the dung pâ—t aside for the fatting of the Medowes The Baskets for them to lay in oftentimes shaken vp and refresht with new straw and neasts and their Pearches and Ladders scraped euerie weeke The roofe or vpper part of the house shut in euerie night at Sunne-set for feare of Fulmers and opened euerie morning at Sunne-rise Their Water-pots to let them drinke at must be kept cleane and filled with cleaâ—â— water euerie day and that twice in Winter and thrice in Summer Let their water be cleare alwayes least otherwise it cause them to haue the Pip which thing happeneth as soone vnto them of the filthinesse of their water as of the want of it Let her 〈◊〉 to be cast out vpon the dunghill oftentimes fresh straw right ouer-against the Barâ—â— where the Pullen vse to scrabble and neere vnto the same place let her cause to be put sand dust or ashes to procure them the pleasure of dusting themselues in the Sunne and pruning of their feathers Let her cause to be remoued farre from them the residence of wine or drosse of the Presse of whatsoeuer fruits and from the place of their haunt for such things keepe them from laying And it further behoueth her to haue this care as to see that throughout all the Henne-house there be neither Lath broken nor any place of the walls hauing any Lome fallen either without or within or any sheeâ— of Lead lifted vp or raised thereby to preuent the danger of Caâ—s Foxes Weasels Polecaâ—s Fulmers and other beasts giuen to rauin abroad in the night as also the Kite Hen-harrow and Owle which sometimes will not let to swap into the very Brood-house to catch and carrie away the Chickens And to the end you may not lose any of them you must cut off the great feathers of one wing from such as vse oftentimes to flye ouer walls that so also by this meanes you may keepe them out of your Gardens for they would take it vp for a custome and it would keepe them from laying And for a surer preuention of the foresaid mischiefes ouer and aboue that which hath beene said for it is not good to clip the wings of Cocks or Capons you must fasten and set rowes of thorne faggots vpon the tops of the walls of the said Gardens and all other places elsewhere The Brood-house shall be
and clifts in the lips as also for those which happen in the hands by reason of Winter cold The gall of a Henne or Capon dropt into the eye doth take away the spots of the eyes if you mixe it with the water of Eye-bright The dung of a Henne dried and finely powdred and applyed to the eyes which haue lost their haire causeth the same to come againe if you mixe it with honey or oyle of Linseed If it be tempered with oyle of Roses and applyed it is good against burnings being brayed with vinegar and honey it cureth within an houre such as are neere strangled by eating of Mushromes for it maketh them to vomite a thicke and flegmatike humor A Physition in Galens time did cure all manner of old Collickes giuing the sicke to drinke of this dung with Hypocras made of honey and wine A hard rosted egge eaten with vineger stayeth the flux of the belly if you mixe with it the powder of Harts horne A Cataplasme made of the yolke and white of an egge well beaten with the iuice or water of Plantaine and Nightshade applyed vnto burnings doth quench and extinguish them The white of an egge beaten and with the powder of Frankincense Mastick and Galls applyed vnto the browes doth stay the bleeding at the nose The yolke of an egge swallowed alone stayeth the Cough and such other distillations as fall downe vpon the lungs and other parts of the breast The yolke of an egge which is layd in the full of the Moone doth cleanse and take away all manner of spots appearing in the face The thin membrane or skin which is on the inside of the egge-shell dried finely poudred and mixt with the white of the egge doth heale the clifts of the lips The egge-shell made into ashes and drunke with wine doth stay the spetting of bloud and is good to whiten and cleanse the teeth to comfort and incarnate the gummes The egge-shels out of which there haue come Chickens being poudred and mixed with white wine doe breake as well the stone of the reines as of the bladder The white of the egge mixed with vnquencht Lime the shell of an egge burnt to ashes old Tyle well poudred and Bitumen maketh a Cement verie excellent to glue and ioyne together againe the broken parts and pieces of Glasses An egge spread vpon wood or any kind of garment doth keepe the same from the burning of the fire CHAP. XVI Of Geese THe Countrey Farme being for the most part vnprouided of the beneâ—â—ts and easements of water especially running streames is not so fit to breed and nourish Geese except for priuate commodities sake it fall out that the Farmer doe make him some Fish-ponds or standing Lakes of his owne and at his owne proper costs and charges For the Goose as well as the Ducke doth loue to swim and to coole plunge and tumble her selfe euerie day neither doe they tread almost any where else but in the water There is great profit and there is great losse also thereof profit because the charge of keeping or feeding them is not so costly as their watch and ward is good and gainefull being indeed better than that of the dogge as hath beene shewed long agoe by the Geese of the Capitoll in Rome who awaking the souldiors and standing Watch were the cause that the enemie was repulsed and driuen backe Againe she declareth when Winter draweth nigh by her continuall squeaking and crying shee layeth egges hatcheth Goslings affoordeth feathers twice a yeare for the Bed for Writing and for Shafts which are gathered at the Spring and Autumne The losse or discommoditie is because they craue a keeper for otherwise they will bruse and knap off the young siences of Trees the hearbes of the Garden and the shoots of Vines as also iniure and hurt the Corne when it is shooting and putting forth his stalke as well by breaking it as by dunging vpon it in such sort as that in the Countries where wild Geese which are fowles keeping together in flocks as well as Cranes doe make their greatest and principall haunt as in Holland Heynault Artoys and other where there is found sometimes a great piece of Corne all wasted and destroyed in lesse than halfe a day And the house or tame Geese doe no lesse harme if they be let alone and suffered to do it for they pull vp the corne by the root besides that where as they dung there will nothing grow for a long time after The best Goose and Gander is of colour either white or gray and she that is of a mixt or two colours is also of an indifferent goodnesse notwithstanding the white doth abound more in laying of egges than the others and hath also a better flesh and it is good to make choice of such a one as hath the knee ioints and space betweene the legges great and large The Goose goeth ouer her laying time thrice a yeare if she be kept from sitting and hatching but indeed it is a great deale better when she is set vpon egges because the young ones thereby brought forth doe nourish better than the egges as also doe encrease the flocke And at euerie laying time some lay twelue egges and moe sometimes others but fiue at the first foure at the second and three at the last and these three seuerall times come betwixt the first of March and the last of Iune And they do neuer forget the place which you shall haue brought them to at the first to lay in so that looke where they lay their first egges they will lay all the rest and in the same place also set them if you will Likewise you must not let them lay out of their walke or fold and for that cause you must keepe them shut in at such time as when you thinke they will begin to lay and if you take not vp their egges they will begin to sit so soone as they haue their full number but and if you take them away as they be layd they will not cease laying till they come to an hundred yea two hundred egges yea so long and so many as some say as vntill their fundament stand gaping and open they not being able to shut it because of the effect wrought by their much laying Geese loue not almost to sit any but their owne egges and at the least you must seâ— that the greater part that you set her on be her owne And she is not commonly to be set vpon fewer than seuen or nine at the least nor vpon moe than thirteene or fifteene at the most and you must looke she be set vpon an odde number And who so putteth vnder the straw whereupon she sitteth some Nettle roots doth preuent that the Goslings when they be hatched are not so soone hurt Some Geese in a good and fauourable weather do hatch in fiue and twentie dayes at the most And neere vnto the place
where the sitteth you shall place steeped Barly in such quantitie as that she may take it out of much water for shee loueth not to leaue her young ones for sometimes she will rather die for hunger and to the end also that she may not stand in need to stirre or rayse her selfe except a verie little for to feed seeing that thus her egges might take cold And furthermore call againe to mind that which hath beene said of the Henne you may also set Hennes vpon Geese egges and that with better suâ—cesse than if they had beene set vnder the Goose her selfe but then not aboue seuen or eight The young Goslings must abide tenne daies shut vp with the Goose and be fed within with Barly meale tempered with Honey Bran and Water and now and then with Letâ—â—ces and tender and new Sow-thistles after that with Millet and Wheat steeped and softened and at the terme of these daies to acquaint and accustome thâ—â— to the Medowes with their dame but let them be fed before they goe thither for this bird is so rauenously giuen as that through sharpenesse in their hunger they pull the grasâ—e and young sprouts of Trees with such force and violence as that sometimes therewith they breake their owne necks They must be kept from Nettles Pricks from the Bay tree and Mugguet for they be bane vnto them in the house from Wolues and Foxes Cats and Weasels Goslings intended to be fatted must be chosen when they be foure moneths old and then the fairest and greatest must be chosen They must be put in a Cowpe in some Cellar vnder ground or in some darke and warme place where the younger sort is to be kept thirtie daies and the elder sort two moneths They must haue giuen them thrice a day Barly and Wheat meale tempered with Water and Honey for the Barly maketh the flesh white and the Wheat maketh them fat and maketh a great liuer Some doe make them meat with new or drie figges and leauen and giue them drinke aboundantly vsing to rowle their meat all ouer in Brâ—n Others pull the feathers of their head and belly and also the fat feathers of their wings and doe also put out their eyes for to fat them Aboue all things you must not pinch them in their meat and drinke because they are great eaters and giuen much to drinke Thus you shall haue them fat at the most within two moneths The common meat of Geese is all manner of Pulse tempered with Bran and warme water Manie doe giue them nothing but Bran somewhat grossely boulted and Lettuces Succorie and Garden Cresâ—es for to get them an appetite and they set them this meat morning euening and at noone and for the rest of the day they send them to the Medowes and to the Water-Pooles vnder the custodie of some little small Iacke who may keepe them from going or flying into anie forbidden places as also out of the Nettles and Briers as also from feeding of Henbane which some call the Goose-bane and from Hemlockes which set them on such a deepe sleepe as that they die therewithall Ancient Writers haue not permitted moe than three Geese to one Gander but we doe freely allow sixe and cause to be taken from them the Downe or soft feathers on the inside of their thighes and the great feathers of their wings to write withall in March and September for the quils of the dead Goose are not so sit for all vses no more than is the wooll of slaughtered sheepe or those which die of themselues And seldome doe we see much fewer than thirtie Goslings in one roome howsoeuer our predecessors would not put anie moe than twentie together for the greater doe beat the lesâ—er and hurt them and for this cause they must be put into the Goose-house and kept asunder with hurdles in such sort as sheepe are kept asunder and they must haue new straw oftentimes and that such as is cleane and verie small for their house must be alwaies drie and oftentimes made cleane for feare of vermine And moreouer they are subiect vnto the same diseases and casualties that Hennes be and therefore they must be tendred after the same manner Which that I may not repeat I would haue you to search it out in the places concerning the same The Gosling though she be of hard digestion in as much as she is a water-fowle and also abounding with superfluities yet indeed the Goslings which exceed not two moneths old are verie much commended in the Spring time by reason of their daintinesse as the old are in Winter stuffed with great Câ—â—â—nuts her liuer also is of verie pleasant tast and eating The grease of Geese is profitable in this point if it be mixt with the iuice of an Onion and dropt into the eare it assuageth paine and draweth out water The Goose tongue dried and made into powder is good against the retention of ones vrine The stones of Geese eaten by an incontinent woman after her naturall courses doe not onely prouoke carnall copulation but also make apt to conceiue The dung of Geese dried powdred and taken in a morning the weight of one dramme with white Wine doth throughly cure the Iaundise if it be continually vsed for the space of nine dayes CHAP. XVII Of Ducks Drakes Teales brant Ducks water-Hennes small Ducks of the Lakes Swans Cranes Storks and other water-fowles THe Ditch or Fish-poole which we haue appointed to be in the midst of our Court and Straw roome may serue for the Duckes and other birds liuing in the water And neere vnto the said Pond there must be prouided for them a low roofe lightly couered for them to sit vnder in the night as also in the day as they please for as for any great diligence industrie to be vsed about these fowle indeed there in no such need except it be for the keeping of them from Cats and Weasels Kites Eagles Vultures and Serpents which are veâ—e noysome vnto them In the place of their haunt they must haue some Corne cast Pulse and the drosse of the Riddle or Sâ—arce must be cast about the edges of the Pond and also within the same to cause them to be pudling in the myre you 〈◊〉 also let them haue the libertie of such Ponds as you put your fish into which you meane to salt as also of the next Riuer as you doe your Geese notwithstanding it were good that some should see that they haunt or frequent not your Ponds with fish because indeed they will eat vp the small therein But in other points they need not so much attendance seeing for the most part they are nothing in loue with Gardens And as for their Neasts to lay in and to sit they make themselues and there is no care greater than this namely to know their haunt especially that of the wild ones in or about what place of the Ponds they vse
in Winter to giue some heat vnto the Pigeons There must not anie window be made vpon the North side or if there be anie for to let in the coole aire in Summer yet it must be verie close stopt vp while the cold endureth Let the South window be turned toward the Barne dore and by the side of the said dote let there be a Water-pot set vpon a pillar of stone for the Pigeons to drinke at and let that Water-pot be made in manner of a basen diuided into manie partitions to drinke at to the end that when the Pigeons haue pickt vp the Corne scattered from the Fanne or striked abroad by the Flaile they may haue their water neere and easie for manie to come by together either to drinke or bathe themselues in And you must procure and see that this Doue-house be built and layd with a good and broad foundation well couered and the floore close beaten and loamed ouer to preuent the danger of the dung which doth vndermine and corrupt the foundation It must also be well and close layd and drawne ouer with Mortaâ— within and the ehinkers or clefts which may grow must oftentimes be searched out and stopt for feare of Rats or Mice which is a mischiefe often happening where there is not anie plaister to come by and it must also be drawne ouer in like manner on the outside for the crackes that happen in Lime and Sand are in stead of ladders for Fulmers Weasels Cats and other beasts to climbe vp by And for the verie same cause you shall make round about the Doue-house on the outside two out-casts of hewed stone or round rings of plaister as broad as three or foure chesse of stones the one of these rings or out-laies shall be about the middest of the Doue-house and the other close vnder the window at which the Pigeons vse to goe in vpon which the Pigeon also may sport and turne her selfe round As concerning the falling window and chiefe entrance into it it must be made higher than the dor-window and larger also And yet I meane that this window without be round compassed with white plates well nailed to the walls and that is shut with a falling lattice thicke wrought made to rise and fall by an engine euening and morning thereby to preuent the danger of Owles and Iennie whuppers The holes made of earth troden with straw are more kind for the Pigeon than those of Boord or square Tyles or of Plaister howsoeuer they be subiect to grow full of chinkers and vermine which infeeble the Pigeons when at anie time they seize vpon them And therefore if you will haue them good you must draw them ouer with a strong crust of Lime within and without Againe howsoeuer you make them for matter yet they must be made so large as that the Pigeon may turne her selfe in them keeping her feathers vnruffled and so high as that the Pigeon may stand vpright in it and not touch the top with her back If either of these two points be missing then she leaueth her hole desolate and forsaken and oftentimes the house to It will be good also in respect of some beasts which are enemies vnto Pigeons to hang in the Doue-house the head of a Wolfe which partly by the smell and partly by the shape driueth away such beasts or else to sticke some branches of Rue in the windowes or dores of the Doue-house Vpon the pinnacle of the â—oofe make the picture of a Pigeon either of Potters clay or of Plaister to draw such as flie by thither Prouide in some place about your Doue-house good store of Pots for Sparrowes with stickes of thorne to hang the Pots on and others to rest the Sparrowes vpon and withall beware that this mournefull birds doe not take vp his habitation in your Dout-house for hee would make wild and estrange your young Pigeons To store a Doue-house you must first consider the contents of it as whether it be made to containe manie or but a meane sort or but a few and so to put therein an answerable number of Pigeons Twentie paire of Pigeons are ynough for three hundred holes Likewise if the Doue-house be of a thousand holes or moe then so small a companie would not be ynough neither indeed would they loue it they being of so small a number but would goe away or die in the end The Pigeons wherewith you mind to store your Doue-house must be young ones taken when they are halfe downe and halfe feathered together with the old ones their dams and so put at libertie in your Doue-house or rather in great Cowpes and cause them to be fed with Fetches and water with some skilfull handler of Pigeons twice a day so long as till they become to eat and drinke by themselues for by this meanes they will soone haue forgotten both their old house as also the old ones and so will yeeld themselues willingly to tarrie in such Doue-house as wherein you will first lodge and put them which the old ones would not doe for being translated from another place they would find out the way to take their flight directly to their former and first home so soone as you had made them way to get forth how farre soeuer they had beene brought The Pigeons good to encrease store are the ash browne and blacke coloured the rough-footed or coppild ones are too mournefull and keeping too much at home so in like manner are they which are of colour like to a Snailes bellie the pie-coloured ones and the hooded ones those which glister like gold about their neckes and haue their eyes and feet red are the freest of all other The white are strong to bring vp but most subiect to the Kite and other rauenous birds because they are verie easily perceiued as they flye by a farre off You must make your choice of the May flight because there is no such feare of them for the cold They grow more easily and thriue better and are sooner able to get their owne meat Aboue all things let them not be pinched of their meat in the moneths of Aprill and May because the old are verie manie of them sitting or else haue alreadie hatched For to make them familiar and tame giue them some Honey or some little pieces of Bread afterward some Fetches then Cummin for these seeds allure them verie much and sometimes Wheat among the ridled scraps and let them not goe out till after fifteene daies of your putting of them in during which time you shall cut their wings you shall keepe a net spread ouer the windowes to the end that they may haue the light of the day and yet not be able to get forth About the end of fifteene daies you shall permit them the fields taking away the said nets and yet not before night approch the time being cloudie darke and inclined to raine for they will not goe farre
any thing chewing the cud This disease may be cured at the beginning but hauing once taken deepe root refuseth all maner of cure Whereunto take of Squilla or Sea-Onion small shred three ounces the rootâ— of Melons beaten as much mixe all together with three handfull of grosse Salt and steepe them all in a pine and a halfe of strong vvine and euerie day you shall giue of this vnto the beast the quantitie of a quarter of a pint Vnto the flux of the bellie vvhich sometimes continueth till bloud come and vveakeneth the beast much there must be giuen to drinke in red Wine the stones of Raisons or Galles and Myrtle-berries vvith old Cheese delaied vvith grosse and thicke Wine or the leaues of the vvild Oliue-tree or of the vvild Rose-tree keeping the beast therewithall from eating or drinking any thing for the space of foure or fiue daies And for the last refuge or extreamest remedie it is vsed to burne him is the forehead with a hot burning yrox For to loosen the bellie of an Oxe you must cause him to drinke in vvarme vvaâ—â—â— two ounces of Oliues made into poulder Admit that you would feed and fat him for labour then you must vvash his mouth euerie eighth day vvith his owne vrine and thus you shall draw from him much â—legme vvhich taketh from him his appetite and doth injurie him in his meat And if this â—legme haue caused him to haue the rheume vvhich you shall know vvhen you see him to haue a vveeping eye and therewithall also vvithout any appetite and hanging downe of his â—are then vvash his mouth vvith Thyme stamped in vvhiâ—â— Wine or else rubbe it vvith Garleeke and small Salt and after vvash it vvith Wine Some cleanse away this flegme vvith Bay-leaues stamped vvith the rindes of Pomâ—granets others inject into his nosthrils Wine and Myrtle-berries The Oxe pisseth bloud either by being ouer-heated or too much cooled by hauing eaten â—uill hearbes in the Summer time and especially at such time as the dew lieth vpon the grasse the remedie is not to suffer him to drinke any vvater or other thing to cause him to take downe a drinke made of three ounces of Mustard-feed three ounces of Sea milleâ— both stamped together an ounce of â—reacle all boyled iâ— two pints of white Wine afterward dissolue therin two ounces of Saffron and makeâ— the beast to drinke it Against the rheume and eyes that are swolne and puffed vp it is vsuall to let the â—east bloud vnder the tongue or to make him take the juice of Leekes Rue Smalâ—age and Sauine well purified For the spots in the eyes there is commonly made an eye-salue of Sal-armoniacke â—oistened and soked in Honie some againe vse to annoint the eye all round about â—vith pitch well rempered vvith Oyle because there is danger in the Honie as which â—ight draw Bees and Wasps about the beasts continually If he haue the Barbes which is a fleshie substance growing vnder the tongue â—hey must be cut and afterward rubbed with Salt and bruised Garleeke together â—fter this his mouth must be washed with wine and with a paire of pincers you must â—inch away the Wormes which breed vnder the same tongue To cleanse the inward parts of the sicke beast thoroughly there is nothing more â—oueraigne than to take the drosse of Oliues after the Oyle is pressed out and to vse it â—oft about the beast Vnto an ague which may befall him by ouer-great trauell in hot vveather with â—heauinesse in the head swolne eyes and extraordinarie heat which is felt by touchâ—ing the skin the remedie vsed is to let him bloud vpon the veine of the forehead or of the â—are veine giuing him therewithall cooling meat as Lettuces and others â—nd vvashing his bodie vvith vvhite Wine and then giuing him cold vvater to drinke If the pallate of the beasts mouth beeing heaued and swolne doe cause him to â—forsake his meat and often times to grone it vvill be good to let him bloud vpon the veine of the sayd his pallate and then after his bleeding you shall giue him nothing to eat but Garleeke vvell soked bruised and â—usked with the leaues of the same or other greene thing or verie soft Hay vntill such time as he find himselfe well The disease of the Lungs is so desperate and vnrecouerable both in Oxen and Kine as that there is no other remedie but to vvash the stall wherein they haue stood vvith vvarme vvater and sweet smelling Hearbes before you fasten any other therein which also in the meane time whiles this is in doing must be bestowed in some other house This disease happeneth vnto them by reason of euill hearbes or naughtie Hay which they eat or of the ouer-great aboundance of bloud but most of all through horse pisse and yet more especially by keeping the beasts houses too close and ouer much shut And this is the cause why Mares not Horses yet verie vvell Asses can or ought to be left in Oxe-houses because that the breath of Asses doth preserue cattell from this disease For the Cough there is ordinarily giuen to drinke the decoction of Hyssope and to eat the roots of Leâ—kes stamped with pure Wheat others giue to be drunken seuen daies together the decoction of Mugwort If in drinking he swallow a Horse-leach and that the same doe fasten her selfe by the vvay in his throat then he must be cast downe vpon his backe and warme Oyle poured into his mouth but and if she be got into his stomach there must Vinegar be poured in If he happen to to haue his horne broken or shiuered take sixe ounces of Turpentine and one of Gum Arabecke boyle it all together and with that oyntment rubbe the horne all about euerie day for the space of ten or twelue daies which being expired beat Bole-armoniacke with eight whites of Egges spread this composition vpon plegets which you shal lay vpon the horne leauing them there three whole daies afterward when these plegets shall begin to be drie take them away and in place thereof spread round about the sayd horne Sage made into poulder the horne will heale To fasten a horne which is verie loose and readie to fall off first you shall seâ— close and fast the horne in his place afterward you shall annoint all the vppermost part of the head for the space of fiue or six daies with an oyntment prepared of bruised Cummin-seed Turpentine Honie and Bole-armoniacke all of it being boyled and incorporated together afterward you shall foment the horne vvith a decoction of Wine vvherein haue beene boyled the leaues of Sage and Lauander in sufficient quantitie If the necke be swolne that it causeth some suspition of an Abscesse or Apostume then you must open the Apostume with a hot yron and put in the hole where it was opened the root of Sow-bread or of Nettle and this you shall renew often
Barly meale wherein you shall put a whole egge the shell excepted and with a quarter of a pint of cured wine you shall make him drinke it with a horâ—â— or otherwise Or else take of Dogges-grasse and stampe it after mixe and steepe it in warme water with Beane meale cold Gruell and the meale of Lentils all this being well mixed you shall giue it to the beast early in the morning For an old Cough it is sufficient to take two handfuls of Hysope old or new and make a decoction in common water after when you haue strained it you shall mix therwith of the flower of Starch two parts and cause the beast to take them thus The distilled water of Hysope may be put amongst or else the decoction of Mints and Hysope together The iuice of Leekes is good for the same being pressed out well and strongly and giuen with oyle Oliue for there hath not beene knowne so old and long growne a Cough which the roots of Leekes washed made cleane and giuen in decoction with the flower of Wheat hath not put downe and rebated the strength of Of the same effect is the flower of the euerlasting Tare commonly giuen and vsed or offred with hoâ—ied water at such time as the Oxe driueleth most at his mouth For all manner of pains in what parts of the bodie soeuer they be causing the Oxe that he can neither goe nor doe anie other thing well make somentations and apply cataplasmes with the decoction of Camomill Melilot and Linseed For the ach of the head bray Garlick in wine and make him let it downe through his nosthrils after bath all his head with the decoction of the leaues of Sage Marierome Lauander Rue Bay leaues and Walnut-tree leaues in wine Scabs are healed with Duckes grease mingled with oyle Oliue or else take the gall of an Oxe and powder it with Sulphur viuum adding thereto Myrrhe Oyle and Vineger and a little plume Allome well brayed and small powned Exulcerated places caused either without manifest occasion or else by some accident are verie much holpen with the powder of Galls well brayed in a Mortar So are they likewise by the iuice of Horehound wherein hath beene steept the soot of a Smithes Forge In the diseases of the flanks wherewith Oxen are oftentimes tormented you must make a Cataplasme of three handfuls of the seed of Coleworts with a quarter of a peck of Starch well powned together and mingled with cold water applying it afterward vnto the pained places But the most soueraigne that may be found is to take of the leaues of Cypresse without the boughes three handfuls and to doe as is abouesaid adding thereto strong vineger to knead and dissolue the same in but if this will not then take three ounces of Perrosin or Colophoni which is more hard and dissolue and make them liquid at the heat of the fire and whiles it is yet good and hot mixe therewith the flower of Barly and make it all boyle together and so you shall applie this cataplasme verie hot vpon the flankes and so vp to the reines It is to be knowne that the Oxe hath paines in his reines when he seemeth to draw his hinder parts after him and cannot lift his legges behind for his best ease he staggereth and soltreth behind he breaketh not vp his taile but suffereth it to draw all along after him his stale hath an ill sent and all his hinder loynes shew heauie mooue not but constrayned and that in mincing manner If there be any inflammation about them he pisseth red as bloud If this continue and that he cast forth much such there is then no more remedie but and if it be but a little coloured with bloud there is some hope of recouerie For this disease you shall cause him be let bloud vpon the taile veines behind or else of the veine called the Mother-veine which is found alongst the flanke to draw neere vnto the reines For his drinke make him to take the juice of Leeks vvith vvarme vvater or else his owne vrine For the inflammation of the muscles as well outward as inward of the reines and flankes vvhich commeth of some fall that the beast hath taken in some hard and stonie place and vvhich happeneth not without the companie of a contusion appoint that the Oxe which hath fallen so soone as he commeth into his house doe not remoue from one place bath the hurt part vvith cold vvater after that vse and applie vnto it comfortable liniments and seare-clothes which may not be too hot The markes of this disease are the outward parts ouer against the reines are hard the cods hung short being gathered into the bodie and that in such sort as that there is not much of them left out to be seene he stirreth not his hinder legs vvith any ease and vvhen he is laid he riseth not but vvith verie great paine Of verie great cold gotten by hauing trauelled in snowie and frosen places or else after some thaw the fault also may be committed in not hauing his pasternes so well bathed vvith vrine and couered ouer with dung as they should at euening after his labour for vpon these causes the heele groweth exuleerated and maketh shew as though it would fall off and loose his place there beginneth a bearing out vvhich afterward turneth to an vlcer and troubleth the gate of the Oxe the place must be verie deepely scarified and a sleight fire applied afterward to the places searified and againe vpon the places so scorched the sweet oyntment otherwise called oyntment of Roses vvith a defensatiue of vinegar and vvater and so bound vp and rolled The core once fallen out the place must be vvashed vvith vrine and vinegar made hot after this there must be an emplaister or cataplasme of Melilot made either of the fore appointed or of old Swines-grease vvrought and plied betwixt your two hands If the cods be swolne vpon any occasion whatsoeuer you shall annoint them euening and morning vvith sweet seame or else bath them vvith strong vinegar wherein shall be tempered sine fullers earth and the dung of Oxen. Some hold it for a naturall remedie to haue the dung of a dogg to cure the swellings of an Oxes genitories if so that they be often rubbed therewithall The Oxe is inchanted as vvell as the horse either by hauing eaten or by hauing passed vnder the crosse of a charmed straw or ouer a marked logge the signes are he becommeth sad and not cherefull and quicke as he vvas wont at his vvorke yea he consumeth and pineth away if there be not prouided for him a verie good remedie cause him to take downe through his nosthrils Bitumen judaicum Brimstone Bay-berries or Iumper-berries all mingled vvith vvarme vvater So soone as you know that the Oxe is sicke of any disease vvhatsoeuer it be cause him to take this purgation the root of the Sea-onion
made as also counterfeit Shamois drie leather or Spanish â—â—ather and all the baggs wherein Oyles are wont to be carried in to and fro the 〈◊〉 of the male goat whereof are made the best drie and Spanish leather so much 〈◊〉 request for pumpes and pantofles the sewet of the male Bucke whereof the phyâ—â—tions doe make such vse and find so singular in the curing of bloudie fluxes the â—kins of Kids whereof are made handsome daintie and soft gloues good girdles â—â—urses and needle-cases and Cheese which shall be made after the fashion of Cow-milke-cheese It is most true that some doe make them after the fashion of little thin Angelots and those are the excellent cheeses which haue beene wont to be made at Nismes heretofore as Plinie recordeth howsoeuer now at this present Baus doth carrie away the name And now somewhat as concerning the baggs made of Goats-skins for to carrie Oyle in as we haue daily experience out of the countries of Prouence and Langueâ—oc you must first cut from the dead Goat the head onely close by the necke and â—he feet at the second joynt of the leggs afterward fleying the rest of the leggs vnto the priuie parts of the beast to turne the rest ouer all the bodie and keeping the haiâ—ie side outward to salt it three or foure times and to rubbe ouer all the skin euerie where with salt verie well afterward to sew it and make it into a bagge for Oyle as it may best serue you must notwithstanding keepe it alwaies full blown vp and tied somewhere vp on high that it may not touch the earth for otherwise it would be gnawed in pieces of vermine She shall not make account to make Butter of their milke in any great quantitie for the milke of goats hath no such store of fat or oilie substance in it seeing there is alwaies much adoe to get forth euen some small portion and yet which is more when it is out it looketh whitish hard and tasteth like tallow and thirdly because in Languedoe and Prouence they gather not any Butter at all being giuen to make Cheese namely those Cheeses which are called small Cheeses As concerning the diseases of a Goat she is neuer without an ague in this Countrie and that in such sort as that if they be free from it but a little they die besides the diseases of sheepe whereunto Goats are subject there are three other whereunto the Goat is subject that is to say the dropsie swelling after she hath brought forth her young and the drie disease The dropsie happeneth vnto her by drinking too much vvater and then you must make incision vnder the shoulder and draw forth all the gathered superfluous moisture and after heale the wound vvith tarre After she hath brought forth her young if her matrix be swolne or if she be not vvell purged of her after-birth you must cause her to drinke a great glasse ful of verie good wine The drie disease commeth vpon her in the time of hot seasons as wherein her teats are so dried vp as that they are like vnto wood for drinesse and in such case you must rubbe her teats with creame and as for other her diseases you must cure them with those remedies vvhich are set downe for the diseases of ewes The good huswife that setteth by the health of her folke shall not giue any goats flesh vnto her people to eat except it be in time of great dearth and scarcitie because the eating of this flesh doth breed the falling sicknesse Likewise our predecessours had the flesh in such a loathed detestation as that they would not deine to touch it no not name it notwithstanding if necessitie doe force vs to feed vpon it as many poore peasants dwelling in villages doe hauing good store of goats and which onely are the store of their powdring tubs as also being persuaded thereto through couetousnesse then they must boyle them in a pot not couered and in great quantitie of vvater with good store of spices and cloues and yet after all this not to eat it before it be cold she may gather some profitable thing both of the male and female goat for the health of her familie For the milke of the female is verie singular for the hardnesse of the spleene if so be that she haue beene fed any space of time with Iuie The reddish and bloudlike liquor which distilleth from her liuer vvhen it is roasted is good for the vveake eyes The bloud of the male or 〈◊〉 Goat fried stayeth the flux of the bellie The bloud of the male hardeneâ—◠〈◊〉 dried vp in lumps is â—ingular against the stone The poulder of the Goats 〈◊〉 burned cleanseth and maketh vvhite the teeth drunke with Rose or 〈◊〉 vvater it stayeth the bloudie flux The fume or smoake comming of the burning of Goats horne doth driue away Serpents in vvhat place soeuer that they be The dung of Goats applyed in forme of a cataplasme doth resolue swellings vnder the eares in the flankes the Sciatica and other Apostumes especially if it be 〈◊〉 vvith the floure of Barley and vvater and vinegar or with fresh Butter or the 〈◊〉 of the Oyle of Nuts vvhich is more if you giue but fiue trottles of Goats dung witâ— a small draught of vvhite Wine the space of eight dayes euerie morning it 〈◊〉 heale the Iaundise CHAP. XXVII Of the Dogges Kenell VNto the Shepheard seruing also in steed of the Goatheard doth belong the charge of the Dog-house in the ordering of this our Countrie gouernment as vvell because necessitie commaundeth that he should 〈◊〉 Bloud-hounds to fight and chase away the Wolues Hounds and vvater Spaniels for the purpose of such things as now and then he may meet withall iâ— the fields or vvhich escapeth vnawares out of the riuers or standing vvaters as also Mastiues vvhich are giuen him in charge by the farmer as being for the guard and keeping of his house and of these there shall be one or two vvhich shall be kept faâ—â— all the day chained to some post reared in the Court on the left hand as you goe iâ— for to giue aduertisement of the comming in or going out of strangers and to make such afraid as might come to doe mischiefe but on the night such dogges shall be let loose and put amongst the rest which come from the field to bolden them 〈◊〉 their charge as in ranging and keeping the Court as well to defend it from theeues as to free it from the rauen of vvild beasts vvhich giue themselues wholly to the purchase in the night time This then is his charge to feed them to make theâ— cleane to brush them and wipe off the dust from them to correct them reclaimâ— them teach and fit them for that which it is needfull that they should doe and to this end the farmer must not withhold from him the great of the siftings which may be
flesh He shall frame them in their youth to bring and the better to teach them so to doe he shall first cast a prettie way from him a peece of bread He shall be carefull to heale them when they be sicke They are subject 〈◊〉 specially vnto three diseases madnesse the squinancie and the paine of the thighâ— Madnesse taketh them in the extreame Sommer heat and in the excessiue cold of Winter and for the better keeping of them from this disease it will be good 〈◊〉 during the time of excessiue heat and cold they haue often giuen them cold water 〈◊〉 coole them withall and to temper the heat of their bloud or for the more certaintie whiles they be yet yong you may plucke from them at their tailes end a sinew which goeth along through the joints of the backe bone Or else to take from vnder their tongue a little sinew which is like vnto a small broad and round worme To 〈◊〉 them of this disease so soone as the matter is perceiued he shall cause him to drinke the juice of Beets with the pith of Elder tree or else burne him in the brow with 〈◊〉 hot yron or else to souse him euerie day for the space of fifteene or twentie daies â—â—gether in sea-Sea-water three or foure times a day or else in warme water made 〈◊〉 for salted or Sea-water hath a singular vertue against the madnesse of a dogge And these are the signes of a madd dogge he is more drie and leane than ordinarily he was wont to be he eateth nothing neither drinketh although he seeme to be mucâ— altered and starued with want of them he hateth water more than any thing else 〈◊〉 the sight whereof he falleth into trembling and staring of his haire all ouer his body his eyes are red and fierie his looke is aside sterne and fixed vpon him whom he beholdeth he doth nothing but run hither and thither without reason his head and eares cast downe his mouth verie much gaping hanging out a great blacke and waâ— tongue foming and driueling at his mouth and sniuell at his nose his taile hanginâ— betwixt his legges barking with a hoarse voice and hanging his head vpon the 〈◊〉 side or the other he setteth vpon without barking and biteth whatsoeuer a he 〈◊〉 with whether it be his maister men knowne vnto him or vnknowne beast 〈◊〉 stone yea his owne shadow sometimes he standeth still sometimes he runneth noâ— on the right hand now on the left hand other dogges runne from him which noâ— withstanding he fauneth vpon if he meet them and maketh them afraid The Squinancie and paine of the thighs is healed and cured after the fame 〈◊〉 that it is in Sheepe notwithstanding the common remedie is to cause them to takeâ— great glasse full of warme Oyle and after to open the veine of the thigh For their â—â—ulcetate eares comming through fleas he must rub them with bitter Almonds bruised For to kill the fleas of dogges you must rub them with Sea-water or with 〈◊〉 with vvater or with the old lees of oyle of Oliues The other diseases may be cured by the same remedies which we haue alreadie set downe for Sheepe Shut vp a dogge close in some place for three daies in such sort as that he â—ay gnaw nothing but bones then gather his dung and drie it the powder of this 〈◊〉 is good against all bloudie fluxes if it be taken twice a day with milke and so 〈◊〉 for the space of three daies remembring moreouer before you mixe the 〈◊〉 milke to quench diuers small pebble stones made red hot in the fire in it This powder likewise is verie singular in maligne vlcers and those that are giuen to be râ—bellious likewise such an emplaister of dogs dung is excellent for the squinancie CHAP. XXVIII Of the Carter on Horse-keeper WE haue heretofore spoken of such liuing creatures as are for the profit and vse of men inhabiting Countrie villages in that which followeth we will speake of those which serue not onely for men inhabiting the said villages but also for them which inhabite and dwell in Cities and great Townes as are the Horse the Mule and the Asse I set the Horse before the rest as being seruiceable for the Peasant and Countrie-drudge and also affording great seruices to Nobles Princes Prelates and to be short to all sorts of men as being the beast which is peerelesse for his comelinesse beautie courage furniture profit and commoditie Therefore I say let the Carter or Horse-keeper to whom appertayneth the charge of Countrie horse be a sober and patient man louing his beasts well and neuer beating them but well may he acquaint them with the lash the whisking noise of his rod with his speech and with his cal let them not at any time labor more than they well may either in draught or trauell let him currie them cherefully and merrily euerie morning and in Sommer sometimes after noone he must not giue them to drinke but at ordinarie houres and after their rest let him oftentimes vse to wash their feet in Sommer with cold water and sometime with wine or the lees of wine for to strengthen them withall and with vrine if they be dulled or blunted in the night time putting of their owne dung in the hollow or sole of their hoofe and if they be chafed or heated or put out of the loue and desire of their meat he must wash their throat with Vinegar and Salt let him not giue them Hay Prouender Chaffe Oats or Litter before they be verie well dusted he must not let them goe without shooes or nailes and let him be carefull that their traise cart-saddles collars bridles or other parts of their geares and harnesse be not torne or rent or rotten He must also know to sow with small threed packthreed and shoothreed to stuffe and make fast his saddles to be short he must be acquainted with the Sadlers trade as also with the Farriers and therefore he must neuer be vnprouided of his budget and pouch furnisht with tooles and necessaries about harnesse and saddles nor yet of his yron stuffe for his beasts feet as namely needle threed and silke â—â—eame to let bloud with knife to launce and cut with corner buttrys pincers hammer paring-yron and rape he must also haue barnacles pasternes trauerses and colling-sheares with whatsoeuer else is needfull to be vsed in any time of occasion or necessitie He must be verie carefull to find out the cause vvhen he seeth any one of his Horses halt of what foot it is and in vvhat place of the foot being handled or tried he most complayneth himselfe and to put about his pasternes sometimes Spech-grase and sometimes dung He must also take great heed when his beast doe cast the old hoofe and haue a new growing and cause some thing to be giuen him for the helpe of the growth of the new hoofe and vvhen he hath his throat heated to
that she doe not conceiue The Horse that is lesse than three yeares old is not fit to couer Mares but he may continue good till he be twentie yeare old The Mare is fit to take Horse when she is two yeares old that so being three by her foaling time she may be able to feed it well but she is nothing worth for this purpose after she is once tenne yeares old for Horses begotten of an old Mare are loose and heauie One good Horse is ynough for twentie Mares which at such time as he is to couer them must be well fed and when the time approcheth must be fatted with Barly Fetches and Ciches to the end he may the better serue for the purpose for the stronger and more disposed he shall be to couer them the stronger will the Colts be which he begetteth If he haue no courage but be feeble and out of heart you must rub the secret parts of the Mare with a new and cleane spunge and after rub the muzzle of the stalion with the same If the Mare will not admit the Horse you must bruise a Sea-Onion and rub her secret part therewith for this will warme her And to haue a Horse of the colour that you would desire couer the Mare with a couering of the same colour at such time as the Horse shall couer her The Mare whereof we desire to haue a good race must not be vnder two yeares old as hath beene said nor aboue tenne or twelue and vnderstand withall that being of a colder complexion than Horses so she faileth before them in that worke she must be well made of bodie broad spread toward one hauing a comely and pleasant looke her flanke and rumpe large well fed but a little leane to the end that she may hold her horsing the better that she haue not trauelled of a long time that she beare not but euerie two yeares to the end she may the better feed her Colt When she is with Colt you must feed her well you must not trauell or runne her nor leaue her to the extremitie of the Cold but keepe her in house when it raineth and snoweth and as long as anie great cold weather is that so she may the better bring forth a perfect Colt If the Mare be in foaling or that she hath cast her Colt you must bruise Polipodie and mingling it with warme water cause her to drinke it with a horne If she haue foaled well you may not touch her Colt with your hand for and if you touch it neuer so little you hurt it So soone as she hath foaled in the house you must succour her with drinks of warme water mingling salt therewith and meale also both euening and morning for the space of three daies at the least after this you must giue her good Hay and sufficient Corne keepe her cleane with good Litter that so she may rest at ease for this her good feeding doth cause her Colt to prosper and strengtheneth it After that the Colt is foaled it must be left with the Mare in a warme and wide place to the end that cold may not hurt it neither yet the Mare by reason of the straitnesse of the place and when it shall be stronger it shall be accustomed to eat Hay to the end that the dams milke failing it may haue learned to feed vpon a firmer nourishment but it shall be let run with the Mare in the pasture that so she may not mourne for lacke of the sight of her Colt for commonly Mares are sicke for the loue of their colts if they cannot see them When it shall be eighteene moneths old you shall begin to waine it and put it in the house built for colâ—s afterward you shall â—ame it putting a halter about the necke and that rather of wooll than of coard that so it may not feele any hard thing to annoy it and if it will not abide to be tied you must make it fast with two thongs of leather or of hempe or with a bridle 〈◊〉 the manger that so it may be acquainted with touching and handling and that so also it may learne not to be afraid of any noise that shall be made it vvill be good also to set it amongst others that are alreadie tamed for seeing them so haltred it will at length accustome it selfe to subjection as yet you must speake it faire and touch it with your hand sometimes rubbing the backe head or bellie and sometimes the numpe legges and feet sometimes raising it vp making it cleane and rubbing it verie mildly and gently to be short making so much of it as vntill it become so tame that it know the boy or horseman that currieth it and the rider that must backe it and vvithall vnderstand their vvords and voyces and smelling him to know him before he get vpon him sometimes you shall set a child vpon the backe to the end he may learne to endure to beare one giue it good hay and good grasse lead it to water with one alreadie managed and fitted to the hand after it hath drunke giue it Oats at euening straw it with litter vp to the knees and in the morning rubbe the legges and the whole bodie with the same litter and after lead it to drinke When it is three yeares old you must breake and acquaint and fit it for such worke as you shall thinke meet As for example if you would appoint it and make it serue you sometimes to take a journey vpon I could wish you to giue it a burning with fire vpon the legges and this you shall commit to the doing of some skilfull Farrier especially in the Spring Autumne and decrease of the Moone and at such time as these young horse are full two yeares old and this must be done as wel in the legs before as behind such course of burning doth harden and strengthen their loose flesh being soft and not close set together it doth bring downe that which is puffed vp it drieth that which hath much moisture in it it dissolueth that which is gathered together it burneth away and wasteth rottennesse if there be any and healeth old aches curing and restoring the declined parts of the bodie lessening that which is growne too great and not suffering it to grow any further Add hereunto that the scabbe farcie and other malanders accustomed to seise vpon their leggs cannot haue the power to breed vpon them After you haue thus burnt them with a knobd hot yron carrie them to pasture and that at such an houre as when the deaw is vpon the grasse for so it will doe them a great deale more good than any thing that a man can giue vnto them in the stable for so also you shall cause that 〈◊〉 of the burnings shall appeare lesse and that if they shew at all that yet it shall be with good setting out of the legge As for that retained opinion amongst our
is cured by being let bloud vpon the veine vvhich is found in 〈◊〉 middest of the thigh to the quantitie of sixe ounces or about the place vvhich is somewhat about the fundament but if in neither of those two places or vvhere they â—annot be found you must take the necke veine toward the vvind-pipe if you perâ—eiue that there is need of a drinke you shall straine a handfull of Purslane and â—â—ingle the juice vvith Gumâ—tragacanth fine Frankincense and a few Prouence Roâ—â—s you shall make him take it all vvith honied vvater in some prettie small quantiâ—ie It is knowne amongst other markes that he hath an ague if he haue the stopping of his vrine and his eares become cold withering and hanging downe In the faintnesse of the heart it is good to keepe the horse verie hot and to giue him this drinke Myrrhe two ounces Gum-tragacanth foure ounces Safron foure drams Mehlot in powder an ounce Mercurie a pound and fine Frankincense so much as shall be sufficient and proportionable all these mixt together and made inâ—o powder shall be reserued for your vse and that shall be in giuing two good spoonfulls thereof with one pinte of water two spoonefulls of Home and two bowles of Oyle of Roses This drinke vvill serue for many daies euen till the horse doe find himselfe better And further know that this drinke is good for those that haue their â—acke or loynes broken and members verie stiffe For the horse that is ouer-heated you shall cause him to swallow with the horne 〈◊〉 Winter three ounces of Oyle vvith one pinte of red vvine and in Sommer two ounces of Oyle onely vvith the like quantitie of Wine that is aboue named In the paine of the bellie vvhich some call the Birth you shall take the seeds of vvild Rue or of the garden Rue you shall poune it well and vvith hot vvine you shall make him a drinke vnto this drinke you may adde Cummine and Fennel-seed in like quantitie and after keepe him hot in some close and vvell couered place before you giue him this drinke you must get vpon his backe and vvalke him a long time and that rather in high places than in low and plaine fields when you are comming homeward if the season be cold you shall cloath him vvith a good vvoollen cloth rubbing his flankes vvith Oyle vntill such time as he be become cold and doe breake wind It vvould be good also to conuey into his fundament some hollow joynt of a Reed or Rose tree sufficient thicke and halfe a foot long annointed vvith common Oyle and let this same hollow Reed be in such sort fastened vnto his taile as that it may not by any meanes come forth and this done then to get vpon the horse and to vvalke him But howsoeuer things goe you must let him haue meat of hot qualitie and to drinke vvater boyled with Cummine and Fennell-seed in equall quantitie mingling vvith it Wheat meale and keeping it verie vvarme in a verie closâ— place For the difficultie 〈◊〉 vrâ—ne it is an approued thing to take fiue or nine of the flies called Cantharides to lap them in a linnen cloth and applie them to the thigh and howsoeuer it fareth with him yet to keepe them there for some time this will procure vrine but in anie case giue him them not in powder clister or drink◠〈…〉 good also to rub his cods with the decoction of Cresses Pellitorie and 〈…〉 Leekes For the sniuell take Orpin and Brimstone cast them vpon burning coales and 〈◊〉 the fume goe vp into the Horses nosthrils that so the humors congealed aboue in 〈◊〉 braine may be resolued and cast forth For the Flying worme take from him some bloud vpon the veines of the 〈…〉 applie a hot â—earing yron verie deepe vnder the throat and in the hole put 〈…〉 plegets vpon them moystened in the white of an egge and after let him stand 〈◊〉 dayes in the stable For the Iauar take Pepper as also the leaues of Coleworts old Swines 〈…〉 make an emplaister to be layd vpon the place For the Figge you must pare the hoofe so farre forward as that you may 〈◊〉 reasonable roome and space betwixt the sole of the foot and the figge then 〈◊〉 Spunge there and tye it verie hard that so the rest of the figge may be 〈…〉 euen to the cleft For the Wenne open it when you shall perceiue it to be full of matter 〈◊〉 make a plaister of Goole-turdes wine salt and vinegar and lay vnto the 〈◊〉 beware in any case that there be not in the bottome of it some strange and 〈◊〉 thing For the galling of the backe that is new done take two great Onions and 〈◊〉 decoction thereof in boyling water afterward you shall applie it to the sore place 〈◊〉 hot as the horse can abide it all the swelling will be gone away in one night Otherwise take salt in powder and wet it in strong vinegar putting thereto the yolke of 〈◊〉 egge with all this together you shall rub the place and you shall see the proofe 〈◊〉 else wash the place with wine or verie strong vinegar lay aloft vpon it Lime made 〈◊〉 powder and mixt with Honie continue this remedie so long as till the flesh be 〈◊〉 againe and the bone couered with it then to cause the haire to grow vpon it yoâ— must poune the shells of small nuts burned and being mingled with oile annoin◠〈◊〉 places wanting haire and it will be ouergrowne in a short time For a Horse â—wayed in the backe or complayning of hauing beene ouerladen â—â—â—plie vnto the reines of his backe an emplaister made of stone-pitch with the 〈◊〉 of Bole-Armoniake Dragons-bloud Olibanum Masticke Galles of each â—quall weight let the plaister be layed somewhat hot vpon the offended part which you shall not take away vntill it easily forsake the place when you touch it for 〈◊〉 the Horse is healed For the swellings caused on the Horse backe by the Saddle open it first with 〈◊〉 Knife afterward lay plegets vpon it wâ—t in the whites of egges three dayes together and the place if it be swolne and hard it will be healed with Coleworts 〈◊〉 Wormewood and Beares-breech bruised together and stamped and boâ—â—led together with sweet Seame applie it vnto the place offended and hurt For the disease called Graps which are moules and scabbes on the heeles 〈◊〉 way the scabbes and them wash the place with the decoction of Mallowes 〈◊〉 and Mutton Sewer put the drosse or thicke substance of this vpon the 〈◊〉 and bind it fast and close thereto afterward take it away and annoint the place 〈◊〉 an oyntment made of vinegar Mutton Sewet the gum of the Firre tree and new 〈◊〉 of all alike and boyle them altogether It is a singular good remedie for the Iaundise vvhich followeth take of â—â—nicke Corne and Smallage of eaâ—h a pound boyle them all vvith
annoint the cods withall twice or thrice a day For a Fistula make the hole wider seare it cast into it a salue made of vnquenche Lime so long as till the core or dead flesh within doe fall out For the canker wash it with strong vinegar afterward sprinkle vpon it the 〈◊〉 powder of the root Daffodils Rats-bane and Vnquencht-lime put together into â— pot and burnt to ashes For the Iauar in the houghs or hams seare the places along and ouerthwart with a hot yron afterward applie thereto a cataplasme made of verie new Oxe dung 〈◊〉 vpon the fire vvith Oyle If the horse be cloyed you must take out the naile and pare him to the quicke and till bloud come then making verie cleane the pared place to drop into it 〈◊〉 Brimstone or to fill it vp with an oyntment made of Turpentine Waxe Oyle Hâ—nie and Salt all being made verie hot and a little Cotton also dipped in the same oyntment Or else which is an approued thing to put vpon the hurt place on thâ— inside of the hoose of the horse the leaues of white female Mullein bruised betwâ—â—â— two stones And in case the maladie be a day or two old then you must hold the horse focâ— in warme water well salted and lay and bind aloft vpon the foot a 〈◊〉 of Bran Swines-grease and Salt-water or with small Salt and strong Vinegar or the powder of gals or mittles or of the masticke tree and then to seare him aboue 〈◊〉 to fill vp all the hollow of the foot with Porkes-grease and hauing thus dressed it so much and so oft as it shall be needfull let it be made vp filling notwithstanding the hoofe on the inside with pitch and annointing it oftentimes with swines-grease as iâ— abouesaid And to preserue the hoofe in his soundnesse and strength apply vnto 〈…〉 lost a cataplasme made of boyled mallows stampt and mixt with hony and bran put in the hollow of the hoofe the sewet of a sheepe and aboue the hoofe his owne dung 〈◊〉 For the horse which halteth because of some stroake giuen him by some other horse vpon his sinews take of the sewet of a Male-goat a pound Molibdenâ— halfes pound Resin a pound and Copperas halfe a pound make an oyntment The 〈◊〉 â—â—roken or wounded or hauing receiued any other kind of wrench in the Knee or â—oynt by the horse his setting of his foot in some bad and inconuenient place is heaâ—ed by taking an ounce of Fenugreeke as much of Linseed foure ounces of Swines-grease all this being boyled together so long as till it be thicke and much dimiâ—shed If the horse interfering doe wound himselfe vpon his hinder feet you must cut away the haire verie short and bare from the place that is hurt and rub it with common salt tying vpon it some prettie plate of thin Lead afterward taking that away â—o wash it with Wine For the spauin in the hammes you must raising the thigh vp on high tie the veine called Fontanella and giue it a wound with a flemme to let it bleed and after to applie the actuall cauterie or hot yron vpon the spauin and to burne it long wise and ouerthwart and to heale vp the seared place as in the Iauar The chaps are healed if you burne them at either end with a round hot yron for his burne will keepe the chaps from going further and then afterward rubbe them with washed Lard in diuers waters or with oyle of Bayes mixt with Masticke Franâ—incense Vinegar and the yolke of an Egge The grapes would when the haire is once taken away be washed with the decoction of Mallows of Brimstone and Mutton-sewet afterward applying the drossie parts vnto the places which being taken away there shall an oyntment be made of new Wax Turpentine and Gum-arabecke equally mingled For the hornie swelling in the circle of the houghs or hams you must shaue the disease and put vpon it the drossie parts of the decoction of hollihocke roots stamped and after that a plaister of Mustard-seed the roots of Mallows and Oxe dung all boyled together with Vinegar Cut the head and the taile from a snake and deuide the rest of the bodie into gobbets roast them on a spit gather the fat which droppeth and applie it to the sore or wound The disease of the hoofe or the corne stampe Coleworts that are greene with old Swines-grease lay it vnto the disease and get vpon the horse and ride him indifferently to the end that the medicine may pearce into it For the garrot plucke away the flesh that is dead with a sharpe instrument and wash the place with warme Wine afterward applie plegets thereto moistened in the white of an Egge The disease of the necke pearce the flesh in fiue places on both sides the necke with an yron sharpe like a Naule put a Seton through eâ—erie hole and let them abide there fifteene daies For the palamie take away the flesh from the palate of his mouth with a very fine instrument and that in such quantitie as that the humour may easily come forth afterward cleanse and rub his palaâ—e with honie of Roses juice of Chibolâ—s Scallions and burned Wheat The courbe cut the skin alongst the haire acording to the bignesse of the courbe applie thereto a linnen cloth wet in warme Wine straw vpon it the powder of Verdegrease and thus continue vnto the end of the cure For the Knee swollen take a pinte of strong vinegar wherein you shall temper a little Salt of burnt Copper halfe a pound and of Sinople so much as shall be needfull and necessarie For the Knees that are broken and chapt take common Oyle Linseed ashes of Rie-straw and all being put together make an oyntment thereof to annoint the sore place euening and morning vntill it be whâ—le For the chafings which most commonly happen vnto the necke or backe of a horse carrying Saddle-packs or Saddle lay vpon the place the leaues of wild blacke â—ine In old and hard tumours make this cerote Galbanum two ounces Rosin and Waxe of each a pound Gum-ammoniacke and blacke Pitch of each halfe a pound and of oyle so much as shall be needfull to incorporate and make vp all the rest 〈◊〉 good forme But if the tumor be broake and hollow and hath beene an old 〈…〉 verie long continuance then you shall dissolue a quarter of a pound of Allome 〈…〉 pinte of running water and with it first wash the sore verie vvell and the take Vâ—guentum Aegyptiacum and lay it vpon the sore vvith flax hurds doe thus once 〈◊〉 twice a day and the cure will soone be made perfect Against the bots or vvormes make him drinke vvater vvherein Rye hath boyled or mingle amongst his bran some Brimstone or make ashes of the wood of 〈◊〉 Oliue-tree or powder of dried Wormewood together with the cornes of raw â—â—pines
require let him bloud againe the second day on the other side of the necke let him stand warme lye soft and by no meanes drinke anie cold water For the Gargyll or Pestilence amongst Horses take Hennes dung and mix it verie well with old vrine and then boyle them together and being luke warme giue the Horse a pint or a little more to drinke two or three mornings together then as was before said let him stand warme lye soft and by no meanes drinke anie cold water If your Horse be troubled with the Cords take a corued made of the brow-antler of an old Stagges horne and thrust it vnder the Cord and twynd it tenne or twelue times about till the Horse be constrained to lift vp his foot then cut the Cord asunder and put a little salt into the wound and wash him after with Beefe-broth and the cure will be effected If your Horse be troubled with a Rhewme descending downe into his eyes you shall take Bole-armoniake Terra sigillata Sanguis Draconis of each a like quantitie scrape them then adde the white of an egge and vineger so much as will serue to moist them then spread it vpon a piece of leather plaster-wise and lay it to the temples of the Horses head three or foure daies together and it will both 〈◊〉 and drie vp the rheume If a vvarte or any other naughtie substance shall grow vvithin the 〈◊〉 of your horse you shall take burnt Allome and vvhite Copperas and grind 〈◊〉 to a verie fine powder and then vvith a Goose or Swans quill blow some of the poâ—der into the horses eye and it vvill soone eat away the excression and clense the eye and make it faire and perfect For any straine vvhatsoeuer vvhether it be in sinew or in bone you shall 〈◊〉 Bole-armoniack Vinegar vvhites of Egges and Beane-flower and mix them 〈◊〉 together till it come to be a good thicke salue then spread it vpon a cloth and lay 〈◊〉 exceeding hot to the straine renewing it once in fiue and twentie houres and it 〈◊〉 cure it If your horse be troubled vvith spauens you shall take a good quantitie of Linseed and bruise it vvell in a Morter then mixe it verie vvell vvith Cow dung and put in into a Frying-pan and boyle it vvell therein vpon a quicke fire then 〈◊〉 hot applie it to the Spauen not forgetting to renew it once euerie day till it 〈◊〉 brought the Spauen to a head and breake it like an ordinarie impostumation 〈◊〉 hauing run two or three daies you shall lay a plaister of Pitch vpon it and so heale vp the sore as in case of other vlcers Now for as much as to know medicines for diseases is to little or no purpose except a man know the disease I vvill here in a briefe manner shew you the signes of all the most generall and hidden infirmities that are in horses therefore first to begin vvith the outward parts that you may know where the griefe is vvhen at any time a horse halteth you shall note these few obseruations following first if he 〈◊〉 before and 〈◊〉 but his Toe to the ground it is most certaine that the greiefe is in his hoofe but if vvhen he halteth he bend not his pasterne then be you vvell assured the griefe lyeth in the joynt If he halt more vvhen you turne him than when he goeth right forward or forbeareth his foot more in the turning than in going then the griefe questionlesse is in the shoulder or the thigh or if vvhen he standeth still he setteth one foot a good deale more forward than the other the griefe is then in the shoulder or vpper parts also as in the Knee or Knuckle of the Elbow If he goe bowing to the ground and tread his steps verie thicke the griefe is in the brest 〈◊〉 he halt behind and in his gate set but his Toe to the ground the griefe is in the foot or in the stiâ—le but if he refuse of touch the ground at all then the griefe is in the Buttocke Now to know whereof these griefes doe proceed you shall vnderstand that if the griefe proceed of a hot cause then he most halteth when he trauelleth or is chafed and the further he goes the worse and worse he goes but if it proceed of a cold cause then he halteth most when he rests or stands still and at his first going out out of a journey but after a little chafing he goeth vpright againe Now if the horses halt be secret and as it were halfe vnperceâ—â—able insomuch that you are incertaine vvhether he halteth yea or no you shall suffer him to runne at the vttermost length of his halter vvithout any stay or ease of your hand and then without doubt if he haue any hidden maladie or griefe whatsoeuer he will easily discouer it and thus much for the signes of griefes in the outward parts Now for the signes of griefes in the inward parts you shall obserue that if your horse be slower in labour or duller of the spurre or shorter breathed or if his eares hang downe more than they were wont of his haire stare if his flanke be more hollow if he burne or glow betwixt the eares if he refuse his meat or if his mouth be drie and clammie in his trauell all these are generall signes of inward sicknesse If a horse hold his head downe in the Manger be heauie and dimme sighted it is a signe of a Feauer headach hearâ—ach foundring in the bodie or the Staggers If a Horse turne his head backe and looke to his bodie as to the place grieued it is signe of obstructions in the Liuer especially when he looketh to the right side but if he looke further as to his bellie then it is a signe of Wormes or Colicke when thin vvater runneth from his mouth it is a signe of Staggers or a vvet Cough â—â—tinking breath and foule mattar at his nose is a signe of an Vlcer in the nose but â—he mattar be white then the Glaunders if blacke then the mourning of the â—yne if yellow then the consumption of the Liuer but if he cast little lumpes 〈◊〉 of his mouth then it sheweth rotten Lungs If the Horses bodie and breath be 〈◊〉 and withall he loath his meat it is a signe of a Feuer surfet in the Stomacke or 〈◊〉 drie or moist Yellowes A palpable swelling on both sides the forehead shewâ—â— the Staggers betweene the eares the Poll-euill vnder the eares the Vâ—â—es in 〈◊〉 mouth the Flapps or Lampas vnder the throat the Glaunders in the tongue 〈◊〉 Strangles on the left side the Spleene in the bellie and legges the Dropsie 〈◊〉 in the flanke the Collicke To cough or to offer to cough shewes a Cold or 〈◊〉 feather or such like thing in his wezand To stagger or goe reeling sheweth 〈◊〉 Staggers yet if such staggering be behind onely then it shewes Foundring in 〈◊〉 bodie or paine in the
from the other the smell of which Elder is so odious 〈…〉 beasts that they haue no desire to come neere it either vnder or aboue the 〈◊〉 so long as it is greene and therefore when these first stickes shall be drie you 〈◊〉 renew them Othersome put Thornes that are verie sharpe and pricking or 〈…〉 of Chesnuts vnder the earth round about the plants of the Artichokes 〈…〉 one neere vnto another to the end that the Rats comming neere vnto the 〈◊〉 may presently be driuen backe againe Others cause Beanes to be boyled 〈…〉 poysoned water and doe put them in the holes of this wicked cattell for they 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sent thereof they run thither presently As concerning Moules we will speake of 〈◊〉 manner of killing them hereafter The root of Artichoke sodden in Wine and drunke is soueraigne against the difâ—â—cultie of making water for the stinking and strong smell of the arme-pits and of 〈◊〉 vrine also for the hot and scalding fretting of ones vrine whether it come of the 〈◊〉 or of some other cause and so also for the dropsie the pulpe boyled in flesh 〈◊〉 and eaten with Salt Pepper and Galanga made in powder helpeth the weakâ—sse of the generatiue parts The Italians eat them in the morning raw with bread 〈◊〉 salt whiles they be yet young and tender CHAP. XV. Of Sorrell and Burnet SOrrel and Burnet notwithstanding that they grow vntild in great aboundance yet they may be sowen in fine ground and well manured in the Spring time especially the Sorrell for as for Burnet it groweth likewise and as well in drie grounds nothing tilled or stirred both of them 〈◊〉 planted in gardens must from the beginning be well watered and he that deâ—reth to gather the seed must take them vp and plant them againe suffering them to â—row to their perfection and then to drie and wither They feare not cold or frost â—either yet aboundance of water but they looke especially the Sorrell that they 〈◊〉 become the fairer to be cut three or foure times a yeare All the sorts of Sorrell as well those of the field as those of the garden haue this â—ertue that being boyled with flesh how old and hard soeuer it be yet they make it â—nder and loose the bodie The leaues of Sorrell rosted in hot ashes haue a singular force to resolue or to cause 〈◊〉 Apostumate the swellings of the eyes or as some Surgeons vse if you take the 〈◊〉 of Sorrell and lap them vp close in a Burre-docke leafe then lay it in the hot 〈◊〉 and rost it as you would rost a Warde then open it and applie it as hot 〈◊〉 the patient is able to endure it to any impostumation or byle whatsoeuer about 〈◊〉 part of a mans bodie it will not onely in short space ripen and breake it but also â—raw and heale it verie sufficiently it is also being boyled in Posset-ale a verie â—â—od cooler of the bloud and a great comferter against inflamations which come by â—â—urning Feauers A Cataplasme made of the leaues of Sorrell with twice as much 〈◊〉 Swines-grease all beaten and mingled together and afterward put in the leafe of 〈◊〉 Colewort vnder the hot ashes is soueraigne against cold Apostumes The seed of â—orrel powdred and drunke with water or wine doth asswage the paine of the blouâ—ie flux Sorrell steept in vinegar and eaten in the morning fasting is a preseruatiue â—gainst the plague as also the Syrope or Iuleb made with the juice thereof The â—aues of Sorrell well stamped and applied vnto the wrest doth tame the fiercenesse 〈◊〉 the ague Burnet of the garden being an herbe that some vse to put in their salades whereof 〈◊〉 haue here spoken and which is also the same which the Latinists call Sanguisorâ—â— taken in drinke is good to restraine the monethly termes of women and all other 〈◊〉 of the belly but especially such as are of bloud it is good also to dry vp wounds â—nd vlâ—ers if it be applied vnto them in forme of a Cataplasme Some doe much â—teeme it in the Plague time and some say that the often vse of Burnet especially 〈◊〉 juice thereof is a verie soueraigne preseruatiue against dangerous diseases beâ—â—use it hath a propertie verie much strengthening the Liuer the Heart and the Spiâ—â—â—ts The leaues of Burnet put into the wine make it more pleasant more strong and â—omewhat Aromaticall and of the taste of Millions they are verie good to be put in sallades made with Oyle Salt and Vinegar according as we see them vsed 〈◊〉 day CHAP. XVI Of Harts-horne Trickmadame and Pearcestone AS for Harts-horne and Trickmadame they haue no need of any 〈…〉 or planting for both of them will come in any ground that 〈◊〉 would haue them whether it be husbanded or not True it is that if 〈◊〉 would haue Harts-horne flourish and faire liking you must cut it oft 〈◊〉 it along vpon some roller or cause it to go vpon foot by it selfe for it delighteth to 〈◊〉 so intreated and vtterly refusing to grow otherwise than against the ground 〈◊〉 madame doth nothing feare the cold and doth grow principally vpon the old 〈◊〉 of vines in a stonie and grauelly earth These are put in Summer-sallades 〈◊〉 neither of theâ—â— haue either tast or smell fit for the same The Harts-horne is goodâ— stay the flux of the bellie Trickmadame stamped with Lettuce and applied vnto the pulses doth delay 〈◊〉 heat of an ague The distilled water thereof being often times drunken doth 〈◊〉 roughly heale burning and tertian agues Pearcestone is sowen in a drie and sandie soile and craueth to be much 〈◊〉 euen from the beginning he that desireth the seed must let the hearbe grow to 〈◊〉 perfection and afterward to drie the seed as corne is dried It may be preserued in salt and vinegar after the manner of purcelane and then 〈◊〉 soueraigne for the difficultie of vrine for the jaundise and to breake the stone to proâ—â—uoke vvomens termes and to stirre vp ones appetite if it be vsed in the beginning 〈◊〉 meat For want of such as is pickled in vinegar you may make the decoction of 〈◊〉 leaues roots and seeds in Wine for to vse in the same disease CHAP. XVII Of Marigolds MArigolds haue not need of any great ordering for they grow in 〈◊〉 fields and in any ground that a man will neither doe they 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 sowen euerie yeare for being once sowen they afterward grow of theâ— selues and beare flowers in the Calends of euery moneth of the yere 〈◊〉 in Sommer as in Winter for which cause the Italians call them the flower of all 〈◊〉 moneths To be short the place where they haue once beene sowen can hardly 〈◊〉 of them If they be neuer to little husbanded and cut many times they will beare 〈◊〉 faire â—lowers and verie great but yet euer more in Autumne than in the Spring The juice of the
well fed 〈◊〉 for then for some yeares following they will grow without being sowne againe 〈◊〉 though the seed of the second yeare will be somewhat weake for to keepe 〈…〉 the fâ—ost you must couer them with Walnut-tree-leaues and that before 〈◊〉 or â—ogges doe fall in any manner of sort The inhabitants of Paris know well ynough how profitable Spinage is 〈…〉 make meat oâ— it Lent which vse to make diuers sorts of dishes thereof for their 〈◊〉 as sometimes they â—rie them with butter in pots of earth sometimes they 〈◊〉 them at a small fire with butter in pot of earth sometimes they make 〈◊〉 of them as also diuers other fashions especially they make a most excellent 〈◊〉 sallade thereof by taking the greene leaues thereof and boyling it in â—aire 〈…〉 iâ— be soft as pap then take it from the fire and straine it and vvith the backes of 〈◊〉 chopping-kniues chop it so small as possibly you can then put it into a verie 〈◊〉 sweet pipkin or skelleâ— with a good quantitie of sweet butter and currants verie 〈◊〉 vvâ—sht and so boâ—le it ouer againe a good space then with vinegar and sugar 〈◊〉 iâ— according to the tast vvhich pleaseth you best and so serue it vp vpon 〈…〉 hard egges or otherwise as you please for it is of all sallads the best The vse of 〈◊〉 is good for them vvhich haue some impediment in breathing or speaking 〈◊〉 vvhich are much troubled vvith the cough especially if such a one in the morning 〈◊〉 the broth of Spinage boyled vvith fresh butter or oyle of sweet Almonds 〈◊〉 loosen the bellie their juice is good against the stinging of Scorpions and 〈◊〉 whether you drinke it or 〈◊〉 it to outwardly CHAP. XX. Of Borage and Buglosse BOrage and Buglosse being hearbes much differing in leaues and flowers are alike notwithstanding in their roots seeds and vertues seruing to put in the pottage whiles their leaues are tender and the flowers are vsed in Salades They are sowne in August or September for Winter vse and 〈◊〉 Apâ—â—ll for Summer they may be remoued at anie time And as for the seed it 〈◊〉 be gathered halfe ripe that so it may not leape out of his coat And of this 〈◊〉 and Buglosse you shall sow but a verie small quantitie for it is â—o apt and 〈◊〉 of growth the seed so soone ripe and so apt to shed that albeit your vigilance 〈◊〉 verie great yet you shall find it will in short space soone spread and ouer-runne 〈◊〉 ground neither where it is once sowne can it but with great difficultie euer 〈◊〉 be rooted out Buglosse but especially the flower doth minister pleasantnesse vnto men that vse 〈◊〉 times because it cheareth vp the heart purgeth the bloud and comforteth the 〈◊〉 spirits The broth wherein Buglosse shall haue beene boyled doth loose the 〈◊〉 The root that beareth three stalkes stamped with the seed and boyled in 〈◊〉 doth serue to be taken against tertian Agues The wine wherein the leaues of 〈◊〉 shall haue beene steept taketh away all sadnesse The iuice of Buglosse 〈◊〉 and Parsley mixt with Wine or oyle of sweet Almonds is a soueraigne 〈◊〉 to cause the after-birth of women to fall away The iuice of Borage and 〈◊〉 drunken is a preseruatiue against poyson if a man haue drunke it as also 〈◊〉 the biting of venimous beasts Buglosse hauing three leaues being stamped 〈◊〉 his seed and root and drunke doth helpe to put away the shakings of a 〈◊〉 Ague and that which hath foure against the shiâ—ering colds of quartaines 〈◊〉 water distilled is singular against the doâ—ages happening in Feauers as also 〈◊〉 the inflamation of the eyes CHAP. XXI Of Leekes both great and small LEekes as well those that are long headed as those that are round doe not require so rich and fat a ground as the hearbes going before and they may be sowne at all times if it were not for the gathering of the seed for which cause they must be sowne in December Ianuarie and 〈◊〉 and there it will be ripe after March and mid August and that if from the 〈◊〉 that they are sowne you goe and tread vpon the Beds and water them not but 〈◊〉 daies after They are wont to be remoued when they grow of seed and that either into 〈◊〉 euerie one being set foure ynches from another and then there is nothing 〈◊〉 from them but the ends and tops of the leaues or into a hole made with a sticke 〈◊〉 then the roots must be made cleane and cropped off as also manie of the leaues 〈◊〉 sand with the earth or you shall plant them to make them great if you 〈◊〉 a bricke vpon the head of them after you haue planted them This must be in â—prill May or all Iune to haue for Summer vse and in August September and â—ctober for the Winter vse in anie case you must weed water and dung them 〈◊〉 times especially the round headed ones Furthermore to make them verie â—â—icke put the seed of a Cucumber and of Nauets in a Reed or in Boxe boared through and graft this reed into the head of the Leeke when you plant it the second time or else if you will haue great and grosse Leekes you must put so much of their seed as you can hold in three fingers in an old Linnen Cloth that is foule and put it into the earth couering it with dung and watering it by and by for all this little heape of Seed thus put together will make one great and thicke Leeke Nerâ— vsed euerie morning the leaues of Leekes with oyle to haue a good voiceâ— although that Leekes be noysome to the stomacke as being verie windie except they be boyled in a second water If you eat Cummin before you eat Leekes your breath will not smell afterward of Leekes The leaues of Leekes boiled and applyed vnto the swolâ—e Hemorrhoids doth verie much good both against the swelling and paine of them The leaues of Leekes stamped with Honey and applyed informe of a Cataplasme vnto the stingings of Spiders or vpon the biting of venimouâ— Beasts are soueraigne remedies for the same The iuice of Leekes mixt with vineger and rubbed vpon the browes stayeth bleeding at the nose The seed of Leekes stamped and drunke with white or sweet Wine doth heale the difficultie of making Water The iuice of Leekes drunke with white Wine helpeth to bring Women a bed which trauell in child-birth The seed of Leekes stampt with Myrrhe and the iuice of Plantaine it good to stay the spitting of bloud and bleeding at the nose The seed of Leekes cast in a vessell of Wine doth keepe the Wine from sowring and if it should be sowre alreadie it reneweth it and returneth it to his former goodnesse The iuice of Leekes or Leekes themselues boyled in oyle take away the paine and wormes in the eares Leekes roasted vnder embers and eaten is singular good against the poyson of
that they be not sowne in a 〈◊〉 ground for the shade is altogether contrarie vnto them though the earth be good and fertile They are gathered in Nouember kept in Winter vpon sand 〈…〉 vnder the earth for to eat in Winter and Lent time I report my selfe vnto them of Meason and Vau-Girard neere vnto Paris which gather great store of thâ—m 〈◊〉 yeâ—re to sell at Paris This fruit is windie and begetteth wormes in young children by their 〈◊〉 but they must be eaten with Mustard It is true that their seed doth resist 〈◊〉 and there it is put into Treacle it likewise killeth the Wormes being mingled 〈◊〉 the iuice of Oranges or Limons and it driueth forth the small Pocks and 〈◊〉 with the decoction of Maidâ—n-haire or of Lentils It prouoketh vrine mixt in eqâ—â—ll quantitie with Linseed and giuen to drinke in wine it bringeth vp the crudities of the stomacke by vomit being taken with honied vineger and warme water The Aegyptians make a verie good Oyle of it CHAP. XXXIII Of Turneps TVrneps called in Latine Raepa are of two sorts the round and the long and they differ not much from Napes and Nauets saue onely in greâ—â—nesse and tast For Turneps are a great deale bigger and of a 〈◊〉 pleasant taste than the Napes for the truth whereof I report my selfe to the inhabitants of Limosin in Aquitaine and the people of Sauoy who hâ—uing no store of Corne haue no more excellent a meat than Turneps and for the same cause they are so industrious in sowing and dressing of them as being that commoditie and encrease of the earth vnto them which is as well yea better beloued and more necessarie than anie Corne or Graine for they feed themselues and their Cattell with the leaues great and small stalkes tops and roots of Turneps insomuch as that they complaine of a Famine when in their Countrey their Turneps are frozen in the ground or haue receiued some ouerthrow by the iniurie of the heauens The manner of ordering and dressing of them to make them grow is as it were like vnto that of the Napes It is true that they would be sowne verie thicke and not thinne for else they will proue but verie small and little and it would be râ—â—her in September than at 〈◊〉 other time in a moist ground well manured and diligently corrected of such faults as it may haue because they reioyce and 〈◊〉 great deale the fairer and of a better tast in cold snowie and foggie weather 〈◊〉 they doe in faire which is the onely cause that in the Countrey of Sauoy and 〈◊〉 they doe grow more sweet tender faire and great because of the Fogs Snoweâ— and cold Seasons that they suffer much in those places If they be sowne in the Spring time there must care be had that their leaues be not â—aten with wormes and such other vermine and the better to free them from this plâ—gue it will be good to mingle of the dust that is to be found vpon floores with the seed 〈◊〉 they before it be sowen or else of the foot of the furnace or 〈◊〉 or else to steepe it in the juice of houslâ—â—ke and afterward to sprinkle it oâ—er well with water 〈◊〉 it may receiue some moisture and then to â—ow it the day after it hath beene so steeped It is one of the wonders of nature that of so small a â—eed there should grow so greaâ— a fruit as should sometime weigh thirtie or fortie pounâ— There must spâ—ciall carâ— be had that the seed be not aboue three yeares old for if it be it will bring forth colâ—worts in steed of turneps To haue them faire and great after they become 〈◊〉 great as a finger they must be remoued a good distance one from another afterward they must be couered with earth and troden downe veriâ— hard for by this 〈◊〉 the juice which should haue beene spent in putting forth of leaues and stalke will turne to the making of the root great They must be gathered in Nouember and for to keepe them all the Winter they must be buried in holes or couered with leaues or seed of Mustard The vse of turneps is not verie good for health notwithstanding their decoctioâ— is verie excellent good for to wash the feet of such as haue the gout withall The Cutlers and Armorers doe constantly affirme that kniues daggers and swords quenched three or foure times when they are in forging in the juice of turneps mixt with equall quantitie of the water or juice pressed out of earth wormes bruised doth make their edge so hard as that therewith you may cut yron as easily as any Lead CHAP. XXXIIII Of Radishes RAdishes are properly the same which is called in Latine Raphanus in Italie Raâ—anels and at Paris Raues they are vsed in manner of a saladâ— with meat for to stirre vp the appetite They grow better when they are planted than when they are sowen and there are two seasons to set or sow them in â—hat is to say in Februarie in the waine of the Moone if we intend to haue the benefit of them in the Spring and in August or September if we would vse them sooner and this season without doubt iâ— the better because the Radish in a cold and moist time groweth in the root and is more tender but in a hot and drie time it groweth in stalkes and leaues So soone as they are sowne they take root the leaues whereof you must tread and trample downe that so the root may grow the greater which otherwise would runne vp all into leaues likewise they must be gatherâ—d within two or three moneths otherwise they will quickly go to seed and put them in the ground vnder sand or grauell after you haue cut off their leaues The manner of ordring of them is to set them good and deepe in earth which is well husbanded stirred vp even from the bottome and dunged and after they be pretty great ones to coâ—er them againe with earth and to take off their leaues from them for so they will become more sweet and pleasant You must not plant or sow them aboâ—â— vines or arbours for they are great enemies vnto vines as making them to run out their juice when they are neighbours to it by reason of their acrimonie and 〈◊〉 Some likewise say that radishes doe keepe away drunkennesse because they greatly weaken the force of Wine To haue sweet radishes their seed must be watered oftentimes with salt water to haue them the more tender and not so sharpe for the salt water doth greatly diminish their bitternesse likewise we ordinarily 〈◊〉 that they are eaten with salt and vinegar Their goodnesse is knowne by their leaues which by how much they are the gentler in handling by so much is the root the tenderer and more pleasant to eat The rinde doth likewise shew the saâ—e for the thinner it is so much the more delightsome are the
radishes Physitians doe hold that among other discommodities the radish is an enemie vnto the teeth and they make hard and stonie places in the mouthes of such as vse them but this inconuenience may be amended if presently after you eat some certaine slips of Hyssope or Thyme or Organie or if they be eaten with oyle and againe in stead of this one discommoditie they bring a thousand profits for the health of mankind The roots of radishes being new chopt small and sprinkled with white wine that is neat and warmed in a frying-panne and applied vnto the stomach canseth a man to pisse aboundantly the water which he could not auoid of a long time the juice of the same root drunke to the quantity of two ounces with Malmesey worketh the like effect take an ounce of the rindes of radishes as much of the leaâ—es of Mercurie foure graines of saffron one dram of sweet Cassia and two drams of the juice of sauin poune them all together in a mortar and put them in a linnen cloth which being put vp into the matrix is a singular remedie to helpe them that traâ—ell of child-birth The juice of the root of radishes mixt with oyle of sweet or bitter almonds a little white wine and a little coloquintida all heated at the fire and strained and afterward dropt into the eares doth take away the windinesse and noise of the â—ares being drunke with honied water it cureth the jaundise The leaues boyled in pottage in stead of coleworts do take away the obstructions of the liuer spleene Their seed bruised and strayned with white Wine is soueraigne against all 〈◊〉 of poysons and other dangerous diseases The roots eaten fasting do preserue and keepâ— a man from venime and poyson Some hold it for a certaine truth that turneps 〈◊〉 in stinking and ill-sauouring wine doth take away altogether the ill tast thereof They wipe away the spots of the face heale the places of the bodie raced with the twigs of rods and couer the places with haire which are bare and should not But aboue all the rest theâ—e is no more certaine a remedie for the griefe of the reines the stone grauell or difficultie to make water than to drinke euening and morning going into bed or comming out of it a small draught of white Wine warme wherein haue beene sleeped the space of eight houres the rindes of radishes with the fourth part of the kernels of medlars made in powder For the same matter there may be prouided a Wine to vse a long time wherein hath beene infused a certaine time thâ— powder of the roots of radish dried I cannot forget to set downe that the often vsing of radishes bringeth vnto nurses great store of milke And that water how stinking soeuer it be wherein radishes haue beene boyled will become better and thâ— they may not be eaten in the later end but at the beginning of meat whatsoeuer 〈◊〉 pleaseth Dioscortdes to say that so they may goe presently out of the stomach and nothing hinder the digestion of the rest of the meat CHAP. XXXV Of Parsneps Mypes Carrets and Skirworts PArsneps Mypes Carrets and Skirworts are sowen all after one fashions in a ground well digged freed from stones clensed and scoured from all weeds and vnprofitable roots being also manured and rilled well before they may not be sowen thicke that so they may grow the longer and thicker They must be watered as soone as they be sowen and if the time proue drie once a weeke so long as till they be well sprung vp They are set also after one and the same fashion The time to sow or plant thâ—m is in Autâ—mne and in the Spring but Autumne is the better that so you may haue them in Lent time He that desireth to haue their roots great faire and thicke must often plucke away theâ— leaues they must be gathered halfe a yeare after they be sowen and then their leaues taken from them and they kept vnder sandie grauell especially in Winter for 〈◊〉 causeth them to corrupt Pâ—rsâ—eps may be kept a whole yeare or two in the earth so as that one may know by the falling of the flowers both the old and the new and which are good in Winter and Lent whether they be fried or otherwise All of them haue vertue to expell vrine to asswage the paine of the colicke and to prouoke womens termes their leaues stamped and layed vpon wounds which happen in the legges are verie profitable for them CHAP. XXXVI Of Mustard and Poppie SEnuie Mustard delighteth in a fat ground and is â—owen with mouldâ— before and after Winter and it must be often weeded and watered buâ— it would not be sowen too thicke for it spreadeth very easily insomuch as it is hard to destroy it where it hath beene once sowen the seed will keepe 〈◊〉 yeare but the newer that it is so much the better it is either to sow or â—at It is discerned to be good when being broken or crackt with the teeth it appeareth greene within but not white for and if it be white it is old and not worth any thing either to sow or eat That which is intended to be kept to eat shall be good to be remoued when it is growing for so it will yeeld a greater and fairer top but that which is intended to vse for seed must not be remoued or haue his place and habitation changed The seed of Mustard chawed and holden vnder the tongue is of great force against the palâ—ey of the tongue as also against all other manner of palsey if vpon the grieued part there be applied a bagge full of the said seed hauing beene first boyled in Wine The powder thereof cast into the nosthrils causeth neâ—sing and purgeth the braine from superfluities The decoction of Senuie or Mustard doth asswage the tooth-ach comming of a cold cause and being drunke breaketh the stone and prouoketh the termes of women It keepeth the haire cleane and from falling The oylâ— of Mustard is soueraigne against the ach of the hips and weaknesse of the sinews Mustard seed brayed and put into sweet wine preserueth the same in his sweetnesse so that it shal not loose it the reason is because it keepeth it from taking of a heat thâ— same made in powder and mixt with vinegar doth heale the stingings of serpents and scorpions being drunke it ouercommeth the venime of Mushromes that haue 〈◊〉 eaten mingled with the vrine of a young child and rubbed vpon the bellies of such as haue the dropsie it causeth them to auoid water of you temper it with water and rubbe your hand or any other part that hath need to be made cleane therewith you shall perceiue the benefit thereof The white poppie which is sometimes vsed in pottage and clensed barly cartes and other confections for to quench the thirst prouoke sleepe and coole the great heat of agues neuer groweth of
your better choice of the said seed take that which is of the Melons first put foâ—th as I haue alreadie said iâ— so be that your melon plot doe bring forth the fruit somewhat late for otherwise it will be good to take them that come forth last as also that which groweth betwixt the middle and head or crowne of the melon and out of it not that which is on that side whereupon the Melon lieth the best seeded and most rising from the earth being heauie and full and you may make triall of it in water because that such seed will sinke downe to the bottome and it must not be aboue one yeare old for if it be it soone groweth sicke and casteth his fruit in vntimely sort Pompions and Melons must be gathered in the morning before Sunne rise and they must be gathered when as they begin to cast their taile and yeeld a pleasant smel at their ends and then you must beware of and looke to Cats that goe a catterwauling and if you would carrie or send them farre you must gather them a little before they be ripe and with the hand onely without any edge-toole for they will come so their just and perfect ripenesse by this course which the cutting with an yron would keepe them from there must notwitstanding care be had that those which are called Winter Pompions be neuer suffered to ripen vpon their beds but for to ripen them they must be gathered and hung vp vnder the floore of some higher roome and when they are once turned yellow to eat them Furthermore that I may say something of their goodnesse you must vnderstand that there are diuers sorts of Pompions for there are some female and are called pompionets and they are more long than the other and haue not their wrinkles standing vp so high the other be more thick greater bellied and haue their wrinkleâ— more high and stretched out from the taile vnto the eye Some of them are called Turquins as those which haâ—e a verie greene colour and drawing somewhat toward a blacke some other of them haue the shape of a Quince and they are properly called Melons and haue a more fast and solide flesh than the pompions haue which likewise haue not so many wrinkles in their sides nor so much moisture in their nollow parts neither yee are they so thicke but haue a whitish flesh and a great deale more seed than the pompions The other sort may be called citruls as hauing the fashion and colour of a citron and their leaues diueâ—sly drawne with many small lines like vnto the feathers or wings of birds The other are Winter pompions and these are not so thick or great as the common pompions and yet furthermore the one hath a white meat and the other a yellow whereupon the first doe craue more water than the later and the later are better in a strange Countrie But the Melons are best of all as also the blacke coated Pompion and the Muske Melon which become so by hâ—uing their seed steeped in water that is well sweetned with sugar or honie The signe of a good Melon is the bitternesse of the taile the hardnesse of the crowne the heaâ—â—nesse and good smell of the whole As concerning their vse they are somewhat more delicate and pleasant than Câ—cuâ—bers so that they haue a fast meat and their hollownesse drie for otherwise they are fitter to make meat for Cats that goe a catterwauling or for Mules and Asseâ— to make them fat thaâ— for to feed men withall notwithstanding this is a thing wel and sufficiently proued that a slice of a melon or pompion put in a pot with flesh causeth it to boyle the sooner Physitians likewise giue it out for a truth that the seed as well of melons as of Pompions cousred with sugar or without sugar is a soueraigne remedie to prouoke vrine to asewage the heat of the reines and to breake the stone CHAP. XL. Of certaine speciall obseruations for and about Cucumbers Citrons Gourds Melons and such like fruits IF the border whereon you set your Melons be not so fat nor well dunged as that of the Cucumber and Gourd and if it be not watered so soone as it is put forth and sprung it becommeth the faster meat and more 〈◊〉 and sooner ripe To cause Pompions Cucumbers and Gourds to grow without seed you must steepe your seeds in the oile of Sesamum otherwise called Turkie millet three dayes before you sow them To haue Cucumbers of such forme and fashion as one would wish they must be put whiles they be yet young and small together with their stalke into vessells or bottles that haue some figure or shape drawne within them and tie them about them for in time they will fil vp the draughts and prints within the same likewise to make them long you must put their flowers into reeds throughly emptied of their piâ—h for then the Cucumber will grow all along or else to set neere vnto them some vâ—â—sell full of water as namely about halfe a foot off for as I haue said cucumbers 〈◊〉 moisture so well as that vpon the onely standing by of water they will grow the more and become longer in like sort standeth the case with the Gourd For their better and greater growth you must sow them in cases or pots or other great vesselâ— full of sifted and well manured earth which may be carried and rolled or drawne from one place to another into the Sun that so it may haue both the presence of the Sun-shine and absence of the cold winds and frosts and when they begin to grow breake off their ends To free them of vermine and lice sow Organie round about them or else pricâ—â— some boughs amongst their plants To make that a Cucumber or Melon shall haue no water fill the pit that yoâ— haue digged to plant your seeds halfe full of straw or the shutes of vines cut 〈◊〉 small and put vpon the earth and afterward your seed and doe not water them 〈◊〉 all or else verie little To make melons or cucumbers laxatiue sprinkle them fiue dayes together 〈◊〉 fiue times â—uerie day with water wherein hath beene steeped and infused the 〈◊〉 wild Cucumber for the space of three dayes Otherwise vncouer them so soone 〈◊〉 they haue put forth any budd and dung them at the foot with about two ounces of blacke Hellebor steept in water and afterward couer them againe Otherwiâ—â— steepe the seed before you sow it three daies in the infusion off cammonie or 〈◊〉 or Agaricke or some other purging medicine To make Pompions sweet and smell well so soone as you haue taken out the core and wiped and dried the seed put it amongst drie Roses or some graines of Muske and there keâ—pe it vntill you must sow it and if it so like you sow them together or else steepe the seed foure daies before you sow it in
called of the Latines Acanthus groweth in stonie and moist places although it loue to be diligently tended or otherwise not to yeeld anie profit The root and leaues are verie mollifying taken in drinke they prouoke vrine and applyed in forme of a Cataplasme they are good against conâ—ulsions wrenches and contractions of the ligaments They are to good effect vsed in the Clysters of them which haue the Dropsie Diuels-bit so called because it sheweth as though the middle or the heart of the root were gnawed or bitten by some Diuell so soone as it is planted or hath put vp in anie place as though the Diuell did enuie the good which it bringeth vnto men by the incredible vertues that are therein craueth no great husbandrie neither yet anie fat earth or verie moist for as we see it groweth vpon mountaines in bushes and places altogether barren It is true that it groweth also in medowes but yet such as are not verie moist It is found in great aboundance in the medowes of Verriere a borough neere vnto Paris The root and greene leaues being stamped together and applyed vnto Carbuncles and pestilent Buboes doe heale them The Wine wherein they haue boyled is drunke with good successe against the Plague and against the griefes and suffocation of the Mother The powder of the root thereof is verie good against Wormes Cinquefoile so called because of the fiue leaues which it beareth craueth a low waterish and shadowed ground it groweth also in drie and grauellie places The decoction of the root vsed for a Gargle doth assuage the tooth-ach and heale the vlcers of the mouth in a Clyster it slayeth all manner of flux of the bellie as well the bloudie flux as others taken as a drinke it is singular against the Iaundise the stopping of the Liuer and against a pestilent ayre and poyson Tormentill like in stalke vnto Cinquefoile but vnlike in number of leaues 〈◊〉 much as it hath seuen delighteth in the same ground that Cinquefoile doth 〈…〉 not altogether so waterish and called Tormentill because the powder or 〈◊〉 of the root doth appease the rage and torment of the teeth is ouer and aboue 〈◊〉 â—ther remedies most singular against the Plague and against the furie of all 〈◊〉 and Venimes it stayeth likewise all fluxes of bloud whether it be spitting 〈…〉 struous or of the bellie all vomiting and vntimely birth whether it be taken 〈◊〉 by the mouth or applyed outwardly or whether it be taken in substance 〈◊〉 the distilled water onely Perwincle delighteth in a shadowed and moist place we see it grow likewise 〈◊〉 Willow grounds Hedge-rowes and out-sides of Woods The leaues as well in decoction as otherwise doe stay all manner of flux of the bellie or spitting of bloud or otherwise as the monethly termes and whites 〈◊〉 purging hauing gone before and bleeding at the nose if you bruiâ—e the 〈◊〉 and put them in the nose or if you make a collar thereof to put about your 〈…〉 a garland for your head or if you put them vnder and about the tongue After the same manner you shall stay the monethly termes as also preuent vntimely birth 〈◊〉 you apply them vpon the groines Bistort as well the great as the small doth delight in a moist waterish and shâ—dowie place it groweth also in high Mountaines The root thereof doth stay all manner of fluxes as the termes and vnwilling 〈◊〉 away of the vrine if it be drunke with the iuice or distilled water of 〈◊〉 it stayeth the flux of bloud comming of a wound if the powder of it be cast 〈◊〉 the bleeding wound it suppresseth cholericke vomits if is befried with the 〈◊〉 of egges vpon a red hot tyle and be eaten by and by It is singular good as well 〈◊〉 the decoction and substance as in the distilled water against all Venime as also against the Plague against Wormes in little children against the Measels Purpleâ— and small Pocks in young children against the bloudie flux and all manner of falls against the paine and rheumes of the teeth if you put it into the hollow tooth 〈◊〉 little Allome and Pellitorie of Spaine Pionie as well the male as the female craueth to be planted or set in drie ground where the Sunne hath his full force The seed or root gathered in the wane of the Moone and hanged about the neck or applyed vnto the wrists alone or with the Missâ—ltoe of the Oake is a verie singâ—lar preseruatiue against the Falling sicknesse Whereunto notwithstanding I would not haue thee so much to trust as that thou shouldest not looke after some other â—â—medie assure thy selfe rather that it is singular in bitings and stingings that are â—â—nimous as well taken inward as applyed outward Thirtie seeds of Pionie 〈◊〉 and brayed and the verie kernell made into powder and drunke with wine doth fetch againe the speech when it is lost Paules Betonie both male and female would be either sowne or planted in thâ— verie same ground with Pionie This hearbe especially the female is verie much commended for his vertues 〈◊〉 the iuice that is pressed out of his leaues and the water that is distilled thereof 〈◊〉 heale all sorts of wounds as well new as old all sorts of vlcers whether maligne 〈◊〉 cancrous swellings and hot tumors itch and all the diseases of the skin and which is more the often vse as well of the iuice as of the distilled water of Paules 〈◊〉 doth perfectly cure the Leprosie whereof we haue a notable and famous testimoâ—â—â— of a French King who thereby was throughly cured thereof And this is the 〈◊〉 why this hearbe is called the Leapers hearbe Some doe make a balme thereof 〈◊〉 we will further speake in the Chapter of Balmes in the third Booke which is singâ—lar aboue all others for all sorts of wounds and maligne vlcers as also for the Leprosie and that it is so good is proued for that a certaine person well knowne vnto 〈◊〉 hauing a virulent vlcer in manner of a Polypus in his nosthrils of the cure 〈◊〉 manie as well Physitioâ—s as Surgions being excellent men and dwelling in 〈◊〉 Towne did altogether despaire was notwithstanding wonderfully cured by the application of this Balme and often vse of potions made of the decoction of the leaues of the female Paules Betonie This hearbe is singular also in Clysters for bloudie Fluxes and in drinkes for pestilent Feauers vlcers of the Lungs and obstructions of the Liuer and Spleene Gromell is the same which we call in Latine Milium solis and it groweth better being sowne than pianted it delighteth in a drie and vntilled ground being withall stonie and hauing a good ayre The iuice of the leaues and powder of the seed being drunke with Wine hath a singular vertue against the Grauell and Stone and procuring of the Vrine to passe away There is nothing more singular for the burning of the Vrine than to drinke manie mornings
fresh butter of ech alike mixe all and let them worke together in an earthen pot set in the Ouen with this Oyntment rub the akiâ—â—g parts or else infuse the flowers in oyle with mans grease set in the heat of the Sunne Some also make an Oyle of the seedes pressing it 〈◊〉 of them Orpin groweth for the most part in moist and shadowie places The Countrâ—y people doe by their good wills plant it vpon Saint Iohns night in dishes or vpoâ— trenchers of wood in some cleft of a wall the foot being thrust into clay and theâ—â— they set it where it abideth a long time greene growing and flourishing if it be now and then watered The liquor of the decoction of the leaues is a soueraigne remedie to heale wounds and stay fluxes of bloud for inward wounds and vlcers and for burstings and ruptures Goats-beard groweth verie well in a moist ground and shadowed and craueth to be oft watered The Latines call it Vlmaria because the leaues are like to the leaues of Elme The root and leaues made in powder doe cure the flux of the bellie and bleeding The distilled water being drunke is singular good for wounds both inward and outward Ground-Iuie groweth likewise in a moist and shadowed place The decoction of the leaues hath great power to take away the obstructions of the liuer and spleene to prouoke vrine and the termes in women There is made of it an excellent balme for new cuts and wounds also for the Collicke ministred in Clysters or taken in drinke putting the small chopt leaues into a Glasse-violl well stopt with gummie wax and strong parchment and setting the said violl in Horse dung for the space of fortie daies The iuice thereof with the rust of Brasse is a fit medicine for fistulaes and hollow vlcers the decoction thereof with Betonie Pimpernell Mouse-eare Bistort Horse-taile Tormentill red Coleworts and Dittander is singular for wounds in the principall and inward parts if it be oft vsed This ground-Iuie is otherwise called of some Ale-hoofe and it hath a most singular vertue for the curing of all manner of â—ore eyes either in man or beast if you take it and beat it well in a mortar and drop into it three or foure drops either of white Rose-water or the water of Eye-bright and then straine it into a cleane Glasse-bottle and keepe it close then wash the sore eye therewith when occasion is ministred and the oftener in the day that you doe wash the sore eye therein the better it is and the sooner recouered Hounds-tongue groweth easily in peblie and vntilled ground The leaues powned and applyed vnto burnings the wild-fire old vlcers wounds and inflammations aches fluxes and hemorrhoids doe verie much good There is made a singular Oyntment for wounds of the iuice thereof mixed with honey of Roses and Turpentine There are also made thereof pilles to stay vehement and violent rhewmes Adders-tongue doth require aboue all other things a fat place well tilled and moist it groweth also in medowes but it is destroyed by and by and spoyled The leaues stamped and applyed vnto burnings inflammations burstings and principally vnto wounds and maligne vlcers are of a maruellous effect There is a balme made of the leaues thereof for the same effects whereunto some put Turpentine Red wine wherein this whole hearbe hath beene steeped is good to stay rhewmes falling downe vpon the eyes Goose-grasse doth grow in anie kind of ground and hath no need of great tillage Some doe distill the water of it which is singular good against the Pleurifie and other paines of the side being taken in the beginning of the disease as also against the bitings and stingings of venimous beasts and to coole the heat of Cankers Corne-rose craueth a fat ground and well tilled such as are Corne-grounds wherein we may see them grow faire and verie well blowne The flowers of Corne-rose as well the great as the small either in decoctions or the distilled water or in syâ—rups or in powder the weight of halfe a French crowne are singular meanes to prouoke spitting in Pleurisies and to cure the same Bastard Dittanie in like manner requireth a fat ground and well tilled and therewith a diligent care to water it and to keepe it from the coldnesse of the ayre The seed root leaues and flowers as well in powder as in a decoction doe prouoke vrine breake the stone prouoke the monethly termes cast out the dead conception and after-birth being eaten with Rubarbe they kill and cast out the wormes The iuice applyed outwardly doth draw forth thornes and thistles and stumpeâ— of splints Knot-grasse is called in Latine Polygonum it groweth by the edges of Vineyards and fields that are badly tilled especially when it is a moist yeare Amongst the principall vertues thereof the distilled water is soueraigne against the difficultie of vriâ—â— as I haue oft proued by experience Salomons-seale must be set in a drie ground and raised high The root whiles it is new being powned or the iuice of the same wipeth out freckles spots blew markes of blowes falls or other such like thing whether they be in the face or in anie other part of the bodie Some distill the water which as verie good for the paintings of women Great Dragons must be planted in a shadowed place and good earth The small Dragons loue a moist ground and waterish as neere vnto the Fountaine in the Garden Their rootes boyled or rosted and mixt with honey and afterward taken as 〈◊〉 Eclegme doe profit greatly for shortnesse of breath difficult and hard coughs and painefull getting vp of the spittle in such sort as that they cut ripen and wast the grosse humors and slimie Being powdred and mixt with honey they heale maligne and corroding vlcers especially the Polypus Their leaues spread vpon Cheese doe keepe them from spoyling and â—otting If the iuice thereof be mixed with honey and put into the eyes they take away all manner of paâ—â—e and aking thereof Also who so batheth his hands in the iuice thereof may handle anie venime without danger Also it is a great cooler of lust and maruellously abateth all lecherous cogitations As concerning the Nettle it hath no need either of sowing or setting for it commeth vp in Gardens more than one would haue it yet notwithstanding it is not without his great vertues as well the Greeke Nettle as the Hungarian or dead Nettle The leaues and especially the rootes of dead Nettle stamped and put vpon the nosthrils doe stay the bleeding of the nose and their iuice rubbed vpon the brow doth as much The leaues of the stinging Nettle stampt with a little Myrrhe and applyed vnto the nauell in forme of a Cataplasme haue great power to prouoke the termes of women Their iuice drunke a certaine time prouoketh vrine and breaketh the stone A Liniment prepared with the leaues of Nettle Salt and Oyle doth
defend the parts of the bodie from all cold and staruing how great soeuer it might proue to be if so be that you rub the ridge of the backe the soles of the feet and the wrists of the hands therewith Likewise the iuice of this Neule mixt with a little Populeon and applyed vnto the wrists appeaseth the great heat of Agues The leaues beaten and mixed with oyle of Violets and Poppies and applyed vnto the wrists doe alike The vapour of the decoction of Nettle seed doth take away the stuffing of the nosthrils Such as haue the Cough with a great ratling in the throat cannot meet with a better medicine to make them spit out lustily than to take with some pâ—ctorall syrrop or decoction the weight of halfe a French crowne of Nettle seed finely powdred You must furthermore obserue this vertue in Nettles as that if it be put into a pot wherein is flesh boyling it will cause the flesh to be the sooner boyled Stauesacre must be sowne in a place reasonably drie and shadowed The seed chewed and held in the mouth draweth vnto it by his heat great quantitie of moisture stamped and mingled with oyle it driueth vermine out of the head and other parts of the bodie it cureth scuruinesle and itch sleeped in vineger and held in the mouth it assuageth the tooth-ach There is not anie need of great care to be taken in sowing the great small or middle Plantaine for they grow euerie where and yet they must be esteemed by reason of their vertues The iuice of Plantaine leaues or rootes pressed out and 〈◊〉 two houres before the fit to the quantitie of two ounces doth assuage the 〈◊〉 Feauer The leaues of Plantaine stamped with the whites of egges doe 〈◊〉 burnings An emplaister made of the iuice of Plantaine the white of an egge and Bole-Armoniacke and applyed vnto the brewes doth stay the bleeding of the nose Horse-taile as well the great as the small requireth a verie moist ground as neere to some poole or shadowed place The decoction thereof in wine or water doth stanch bleeding and all other fluxes whether it be the bloudie or anie other such The iuice put into the nosthrils doth stay the bleeding of them and with a Pessarie put vp into the necke of the Matrix it stayeth the flux thereof Pellitorie craueth no great care or tillage for it groweth naturally neere vnto walls A Cataplasme made of Pellitorie and the grease of a male or female Goat is a singular remedie for the gowt and slidings or falls The leaues of Pellitorie fried with fresh Butter or Capons grease and laid in forme of a Cataplasme vnto the bellie doth assuage the paine of the Colicke The iuice mingled in like quantitie with white Wine and oyle of sweet Almonds newly drawne doth assuage the paine and torment of the stone A Cataplasme made of greene Pellitorie stamped with crums of Bread and oyle of Lillies Roses or Camomile doth resolue Apostemes happening in the breasts It is good also for mollifying Clysters and Bathes that are deterging Shepheards Powch groweth in all ground but principally vpon the ruines of old walls and neere vnto walls The decoction of this hearbe in raine water with Plantaine and Bole Armoniacke being drunke certaine mornings or taken in Clysters doth stay the bloudie flux and the spitting of bloud A bath prepared with the decoction of the leaues stayeth the excessiue flux of the termes But if you take it and boyle it in red wine with a little Cinnamon and Tanners barke and so giue it the patient to drinke it will stay the most dangerous bloudie flux that can be possible It is verie good also for the same disease if it be giuen in milke The iuice doth heale greene wounds and being dropped into the eares doth drie vp the vlcers of the same The leaues stamped and applyed in forme of a Cataplasme doth kill inflammations and the wild fire The leaues eaten doe stay all sorts of bleeding being put into the nosthrils as also holden in the hand they stay the nose from bleeding Sow-bread desireth a shadowed ground as vnder some tree or bush which must notwithstanding be fat and well tilled to feed the root thereof which is full grosse solide and as it were like vnto the Turnep The Forest of Orleance is well stored and replâ—nished with this hearbe This is a thing to be maruelled at that the iuice of the root of Sow-bread snuffed vp into the nose purgeth the head and the distilled water thereof snuffed vp also into the nosthrils doth presently stay their bleeding The same water drunke to the quantitie of six ounces with an ounce of Sugar doth presently stay the bloud running downe from the breast stomacke or liuer and knitteth together the vessels therein if anie be broken which I my selfe haue proued and tried Two drammes of the iuice drunke with honied water doe loosen the bellie and free the liuer from obstructions as also the spleene in respect whereof it is singular good for the Dropsie and Iaundise but you must mixe with it a little Mallicke or Nutmeg or Rhubarbe for to correct the vehemencie thereof It is incredible what ease the iuice thereof worketh in the Colicke and other such like griping pangs if it be put into Clysters how greatly also it profiteth in Oyntments Liniments and Cataplasmes appointed for the hardnesse and swellings of the spleene and liuer If you infuse the roots chopped small in the oyle of Roses or Camomill or sweet Almonds and afterward boyle them together putting thereto a little wine in the end you shall presse them out This oyle dropped by two or three droppes into the eares doth driue away the noyse and deafenesse of the eares especially if vpon the eares you apply the drosse of these rootes at night at the parties going to bed or else chop small the rootes stampe them with Peaches and bitter Almonds steepe them all in Aqua vitae afterward straine them and drop certaine drops of that which shall be pressed out into the eares this is verie soueraigne for deafenesse and the noyse of the eares Crowfoot although there be six kinds of it yet they all loue a moist and marish ground and whereas the frogges delight to liue which also take pleasure in and 〈◊〉 themselues about this hearbe It is true that some of the sorts doe loue these 〈◊〉 places more than other some for the Crowfoot that hath a double flower not 〈◊〉 yellow but somewhat red and which appeareth onely in Autumne cannot grow in a verie moist place so as it doth in the drie medowes and in places a little 〈◊〉 contrariwise that which beareth a single flower of a yellow and golden colour cannot grow but in some watrie medow-plot and neere vnto standing water The other which beareth a double flower not verie yellow hath a bulbous and whitish root of a sharpe tast This same as well the leaues but
especially the root being applyed vnto anie part is as causticke as Pigeons dung or the Causticke stone or anie othâ—â— the most violent cauterie that may be found for though you put betwixt the 〈◊〉 and the hearbe a Linnen cloth fiue or sixe double yet it will not leaue to 〈◊〉 and pierce deepe euen vnto the flesh This is the hearbe which being steept in Dâ—â—gons bloud the cursed rogues and wicked rouers vp and downe doe rub their 〈◊〉 legges and thighes withall thereby to exulcerate them that so they may moue thâ— people with remorse and so get the larger almes This is the hearbe which siâ—iâ— calleth Crowfoot and which is so much esteemed for the Plague and Plague 〈◊〉 called a Carbuncle Take saith he Crowfoot hauing a root like vnto a small 〈◊〉 Onion this root either alone if it be bigge ynough or two or three of them stâ—â—ped and laid vnto the thombe of the hand that is on that side in the arme whereof the Plague is broken out or vnto the great toe of that foot that is on the same side thâ—â— the groine is that hath the Plague-sore and there leaue it foure and twentie houreâ— and it will make blisters which breaking of themselues doe let runne out the 〈◊〉 of the Plague drawne thither by a veine common vnto both parts but because that this root is verie strong you must put betwixt it and the thombe foure or fiue doâ—bles of new and strong cloth or six or seuen of thinne and worne cloth and so 〈◊〉 it and bind it vp and afterward you shall heale the vlcer of the thombe with the yolkes of egges and fresh butter beat together with a little of the middle Conâ—fâ—â—â— stamped with them or a little washt Aloes and if you cannot haue it new the dries also good for the same purpose but then you need not so manie doubles of cloth betwixt them This operation and worke is quickly done and certainely withoâ—â— bloud-letting or other euacuation Pettie whin groweth in euerie ground whether it be medow plowed land drie scorched moist tilled or not tilled The Husbandman doth greatly abhorre 〈◊〉 hearbe whereof he cannot by anie meanes rid his grounds The root is singular 〈◊〉 well in powder as in a decoction or in the water distilled from it so that before it be distilled the root be steeped in Malmesey twice so much as it weigheth for 〈◊〉 prouoke Vrine Womens termes and to procure the opening of the obstructions of the Spleene and Liuer but aboue all to breake into powder and driâ—â— forth the Stone as also to wast such â—arnosities as may be begotten in the bladder and conduit of the yard The powder must be taken with white Wine Theâ—â— is also made a kind of Wine of this root during the Vintage time with new Wine and white Grapes put into a Vessell adding thereto a certaine quantitie of Winter Cherries The Dittanie of this Countrey groweth in a drie ground being also stonie and open vpon the Sunne The root is much commended against Poisons and Veniâ—â—â— Wormes in children and cold diseases of the Matrix Being taken inwardly by dâ—coction or in powder with Wine the weight of two drammes or applyed or ministred in a fume it moueth the termes in women it bringeth forth the after-birth and dead child it also driueth out the stone from the reines but principally it is good for the Pocks taking it euerie morning a long time the weight of a dramme with 〈◊〉 decoction of Guaiacum It is profitable also against the Plague euerie way that 〈◊〉 can vse it Germander called of the Latines Chamâ—drys that is to say a small Oake because the leaues are like to those of the Oake requireth no other ground or manner of ordering than Dittanie This hearbe is called the Fâ—auers scourge because the decoction thereof being drunke in the morning for a certaine space doth driue away and make an end of the tertian agues the leaues eaten in a sallade in the morning fasting it preserueth from the ayre and pestilent contagion no lesse effectually than water Germander of which we haue spoken before The decoction thereof is singular good against the jaundiâ—e and being vsed a long time for the Falling sicknesse head-ach and other diseases of the braine and for the wormes Rupture-wort groweth in a grauelly or sandie ground which is drie and vnhusbanded there is likewise great store of it found in the wood of Boâ—â—on neere vnto Paris This hearbe made in powder and drunke with wine prouoketh vrine that hath beene long detained and breaketh the stone of the reines and of the bladder if for some long time the partie take the weight of a dramme Fallopius â— great and famous Chirurgion in Italie affirmeth That he had cured an infinite number of persons of the rupture therewith giuing it them in drinke for a verie long time together Mouse-â—are will grow in the same ground that Rupture-wort doth it hath a verie strong astringent qualitie and that is the cause why Shepheards haue no great affection to dâ—aw their sheepe into such fields as haue store of Mouse-eare in them because it bindeth them in their bodies which for the most part worketh in them vnto death likewise Physitians are wont to make their benefit of this hearbe in the bloudie flâ—x and aboundance of termes as also to heale vp both inward and outward wounds the spitting of bloud and falling downe of the fundament Dogges-grasse without setting or sowing groweth more than one would wish both in gardens and also in corne grounds that are fat It serueth in physicke to coole and drie indifferently and withall notwithstanding this to open and take away obstructions and to expell and breake the stone it is true that the seed drieth more but it bindeth somewhat Water-Betonie groweth in moist waterie and marshie places Of the râ—ot thereof gathered in Autumne and made verie cleane and stamped with fresh Butter all being closed vp in an earthen vessell well leaded and stopt and the same vessell set in some moâ—st place and let stay there some fifteene or twentie daies after let the butter be melted vpon a soft fire and in the end strained is made an oyntment that is singular good to annoint the Kings-euill withall and the Hemorrhoides this root is set about with many small knots hauing the resemblance of Hemorrhoids or the swelling of the Kings euill It groweth without any great paine in gardens and being sowne groweth more aboundantly than one would haue it The seed purgeth those that haue the dropsie verie much if they be giuen in Whay it is true that they may be vsed without annoyance done to the stomack if it be parched and dried as also mixt with Annise and Fennell-seed furthermore it is verie good to set in gardens to kill and driue away Moules This hearbe is of two sorts male and female both of them will grow in all manner of earth but
and maruailous good to stay the spreading of the canker in the breasts and the creeping Polypus howsoeuer some hold them as incurâ—ble The same applyed to the brows taketh away the hear and asswageth the paine of the head In an injection it mundifieth first and afterward conglutinateth wounds and drieth vp fistulaes verie readily and maligne vlcers which are easily prouoked and become worse by other remedies being dropt into weeping eyes it healeth them and stayeth such rheumes as fall downe vpon them and cause inflammation and dazeling of the same being applied with a linnen cloth vpon itchings wheales scabbes poukes the wild fire S. Anthonies fire or shingles it cureth and healeth them in a verie small time as also all other burning inflammations Being drunke for certaine dayes it stayeth all rheumes vomitings and fluxes of the bellie it drieth vp the water in those that haue the dropsie appeaseth the paines of the colicke it cureth tertiâ—n and quartan agues and I am verily of mind that it may be giuen to good and profitable purpose to other agues the temperature thereof considered and his infinite other secret qualities which euerie day are more and more manifested being drunke and applied a certaine time it reâ—uniteth the rupture and falling downe of the bowels the falling downe of the mother and the excessiue courses of women by suppressing them and whatsoeuer other â—luxes of bloud Taken in a gargarisme with a little Wine it driueth the vlcers of the mouth and being vsed for a gargarisme it selfe alone it is singular against the distillations causing the swelling of the vâ—ula or the inflammation of the throat called the squinancie likewise taken in the same mannâ—r it is good against the blacknesse and roughnesse of the tongue caused of a continuall ague The juice and decoction of the leaues worke the verie same effects if they be taken whiles as yet the herbe is not too much dried by the heat of the Sunne Of this Buckwheat there is made a compound water to make the face faire and beautifull and vndoubtedly to take away the freckles and it is thus made Take of the leaues thereof bruised in a mortar two good handfulls of the roots of Salomons seale made cleane with a linnen cloth and after brayed a quarter of a pound mingle all together and infuse them for the space of twelue houres in wine this being done put all into a limbecke adding thereto the juice of three Lymons or Oranges then distill and draw out the water in Maries-bath which you shall keepe verie carefully for your vse but it is requisite that before this you haue made prouision of the liquor of the Brionie root which must be gathered about the end of Aprill or in the beginning of May whiles the dews continue and that in this manner The head of 〈◊〉 root must be cut a little vncouering the top and not pulling it vp by the root 〈◊〉 it is thus pared at the top you must cut a hollow hole in it some two or three fingâ—â—â— deepe and then couer it againe with the cap you haue cut off from the head and some few of the leaues thereof and so to leaue it to the next morning before Sunâ—â— rise not taking off this cap or couering then there will be found in this hole a liquor which must be gathered with a spoone and put vp and kept in a violl glasse after which the couering must be put on againe as it was the day before and this to be continued euerie day vntill mid-May and longer if so be that one be disposed Now when you would vse it take an ounce of this liquor and mixe it in a violl with two ounces of the abouenamed compounded water and at night when you goe to bed you must wet a linnen cloth in this mixture and spread it all ouer the face then letting it rest a good part of the night but in the morning you must auoid the bâ—â—ning heat of the Sunne and this course shall be continued for certaine nights together But although the hearbe alone applied his juice water and decoction hauing great and excellent qualities as it is easie to judge by that which hath beene said before yet forasmuch as that one simple or one drugge or many joyned together and to good purpose and effect in that thing for which it was compounded and made is of much more efficacie by the helpe and assistance afforded vnto it I am willing for that cause to impart vnto you a maruailous oyntment made of the same Backe-wheat and the description of it it in manner as followeth Take of the juice of the leaues of Buck-wheat layed in steepe in a little white wine the space of foure and twentie houres one pound of the juice of Vernaine which is as yet but a little 〈◊〉 vp into branches in like manner steeped as before and that by it selfe a quarter of a pound of the juice of the leaues of yellow Henbane commonly called small Nicotian or the Queenes-herbe halfe a pound Oyle-Oliue a pound mix all these together in a skellet and boyle them vpon a small â—ire stirring it often with a spatule of wood vntill the juices be almost consumed then adde thereto of new waxe brokâ—n into peeces and of Perrosine of each a quarter of a pound and melt the whole by little and little still stirring it with a spatule and keeping a low fire without increasing of it which being done take the skellet from the fire and put into it at thâ—â— present instant of Venice Turpentine a quarter of a pound by little threeds 〈…〉 were and stirring it continually with a spatule then when the oyntment shall begin to wax cold put in Masticke and Frankincense mixt together in powder of each the weight two French Crownes and cease not to stirre it as before vntill it 〈◊〉 all well incorporated The marke to know when the oyntment is well made and fully finished is if a drop thereof being put vpon your naile doe congeale and 〈◊〉 together or that it cleaueth vnto the spatuâ—e stirring it Then put you vp this composition or mixture in Gallipots for to serue you as shall be declared hereafter This oyntment aboue all other remedies is singular good in the curing of the 〈◊〉 as well of the dugs as of other parts in the curing also of the Polypus Nâ—li 〈◊〉 tangere the Kings-euill bruised or squat â—â—â—les wounds old and new fistulaes and maligne vlcers be they neuer so rebellious It quencheth all sharpe inflammationâ— the shingles and burnings either of water or fire It rooteth out all sorts ofringwormes scabs itches pastules the wild scab and the wild fire It is good for 〈◊〉 of sinews iâ— there be added to it pouned wormes It cureth the moth or falling of the haire if before you annoint the head the haire be pulled and taken away 〈…〉 away the swelling and paines of the Hemorrhoides Being applied with 〈◊〉 greaâ—e and a little oyle of
vlcer grown in her brests which was turned to a Noli me tangere for which neuer â—nie bodie could find anie remedie and likewise that the Countesse of Ruffe had sought for all the famous Physitians of the Realme to cure her of a Ringwoâ—â—â— which she had in her face and that they could not all heale it he resolued with himselfe to send of it into France and thereupon accordingly sent it vnto king 〈◊〉 the second and vnto Queene mother and many other Lords of the Court together with the manner to order it and applie it to the abouenamed diseases as he himselfâ— had â—â—und by experience as also vnto the Lord of Iarnac gouernour of Rocheâ—â— with whom the said Embassadour had intercourse of letters by reason of the king his affaires which Lord Iarnac also told him one day sitting at table with the Queenâ— mother that he had caused of the said Nicotiana to be distilled and had caused 〈◊〉 water thereof to be drunke being mixt with the water of eye-bright by one that 〈◊〉 stuffeâ— in his lungs and that he was cured thereby This hearbe resembleth in figure fashion and qualities the great Comfrey in such sort as that a man would deeme it to be a kind of great Comfrey rather than a yellow Henbane as some haue thought It hath an vpright stalke not bending anie way thicke bearded or hairie and slimie The leaues are broad and long greene drawing somewhat toward a yellow not bearded or hoarie but smooth and slimie hauing as it were tallons but not either notched or cut in the edges a great deale bigger downeward toward the root than aboue as you see the smooth Docke leafe is which beareth small red seedes and not burres and the finer and clearer that such leaues are the better the Tabacco is esteemed Whiles it is young it is leaued and as it were lying vpon the ground but rising to a stalke and growing further it ceaseth to haue such a number of leaues below and putteth forth branches from halfe foot to halfe and storeth it selfe by that meanes with leaues and still riseth higher from the height of foure or fiue foot vnto three or foure or fiue cubits according as it is sowne in a hot and fat ground and carefully tilled The boughes and branches thereof put out at ioints and diuide the stalke by distances of halfe a foot the highest of which branches are bigger than an arme At the tops and ends of his branches and boughs it putteth forth flowers almost like vnto those of Nigella of a whitish and incarnate colour hauing the fashion of a little bell comming out of a swad or huske being of the fashion of a small goblet which hâ—ske becommeth round hauing the fashion of a little apple or swords pummell assoone as the flower is gone and vanished away it is filled with verie small seeds like vnto those of yellow Henbane and they are blacke when they be ripe or greene whiles they are not yet ripe In a hot countrie it beareth leaues flowers and seeds at the same time in the ninth 〈◊〉 tenth moneth of the yere it putteth forth young sciences at the root and reneweth it selfe by this store and number of sciences and great quantitie of sprouts and yet not withstanding the roots are little small fine threddie strings or if otherwise they grow a little thicke yet remaine they still verie short in respect of the height of the plant The roots and leaues do yeeld a glewish and rosinish kind of juice somewhat yellow of a rosinlike smel not vnpleasant and of a sharpe eager and biting tast which sheweth that it is by nature hot more than in the second degree and drie in the first wherupon we must gather that it is no kind of yellow Henbane as some haue thought Nicotiana câ—aueth a fat ground well stirred and well manured also in this cold countrie that is to say an earth wherein the manure is so well mingled and incâ—rporated as that it becommeth earthie that is to say all turned into earth and not making any shew any more of dung which is likewise moist and shadowie wide and roomie for in a narrow and strait place it would not grow high streight great and well branched It desireth the South Sunne before it and a wall behind it which may stand â—â—stead of a broad paire of shoulders to keepe away the Northerne wind and to beat backe againe the heat of the Sunne it would also be defended from the tossing and force of the wind by reason of his weakenesse and height it is true that it will be out of the daunger of the wind if the root be deepâ—ly taken in the ground It groweth the better if it be oft watered and maketh it selfe spoâ—t and jolly good cheere with water when the time becommeth a little drie It hateth the cold and therfore to keepe it from dying in Winter it must either be kept in cellars when it may haue free benefit of aire or else in some caue made of purpose within thesame garden or else to couer it as with a cloake verie well with a double mat making a penthouse of wicker worke from the wall to couer the head thereof with straw layed thereupon and when the Southerne Sunne shineth to open the doore of the couâ—â— made for the said hearbe right vpon the said Soutâ—â—Sunne For to sow it you must make a hole in the earth with your finger and that as deepe as your finger is long then you must cast into the same hole ten or twelue seeds of the sayd Nicotiana together and fill vp the hole againe for it is so small 〈◊〉 that if you should put in but foure or fiue seeds the earth would choake it and 〈◊〉 the time be drie you must water the place easily some fiue daies after it may be sowen also after the manner of Lettuses and such other hearbes mingling the mould verie well with the seed and afterward couering it most carefully Some mixe with the said earth verie cleane ashes being well siâ—ted and made small but in a 〈◊〉 quantitie It is a long time in springing and putting forth and after that it is 〈◊〉 forth you must keepe it both from the cold and frost couering it in the night time euen whiles it is young and small and so it will be preserued and kept continually greene and beautifull And when the hearbe is growen out of the earth in as much as euerie seed will haue put vp his sprout and stalke and that the small threddiâ— roots and intangled the one within the other you must with a great knife make 〈◊〉 great circle or compasse within the earth in the places about this plot where they grow and take vp the earth and all together and cast them into a bucketfull of water to the end that the earth may be seperated and the small and tender impes
make answer vnto whatsoeuer any man hath demaunded of them but we must thinke that it is more probable that such like diuinatiâ—n doth proceed of some diuelish art rather than by vertue of this plant seeing withall that this barbarous and heathenish nation is ordinarily giuen to call vpon the wicked feend in all their necessities and he againe doâ—h so dazle their eyes that he maketh them to conceiue an infinite number of ambiguous and doubtfull things and false superstitions representing vnto them a thousand diuelish and dreadfull visions and apparitions thus is the simplicitie of this poore people deluded by the companie of the said Priests holding for a true and certaine oracle their vertue proceeding from this plant Furthermore when they are throughly disposed to see strange and fantasticall visions they burn the leaues of the said plant and take the fume at their mouth and nosthrils and verie presently after they become as it were depriued of sence falling to 〈◊〉 ground in a trance It is certaine that many Philosophers doe deliuer that there 〈◊〉 certaine plants which haue the like force and properties making men to dreame of 〈◊〉 infinit sort of things and those well pleasing to the spirit and vnderstanding of 〈◊〉 furthermore they assure vs that if a man take of the juice of it in any quantitie 〈◊〉 shall become beside himselfe for the space of three daies Dioscorides likewise saith That there are diuers plants which haue the same vertue as Mad night-shade a 〈◊〉 of the root whereof as he saith drunke with Wine doth bring dreames of 〈◊〉 things but not altogether vnpleasant but taken the double quantitie it makeâ—â— mad and taken foure fold it killeth if any man eat Anise-seed going to bed he shalâ— haue pleasant dreames in his sleepe but and if he eat turneps they will procure hiâ— noysome and troublesome dreames Furthermore the vse of the leaues of Nicotiana as well greene as drie and 〈◊〉 in powder are distilled in a glasse lembecke the water whereof is not lesse 〈◊〉 than the juice in wounds swellings kibes and the falling of the nailes of the â—â—gers if you powre of this water vpon the griefe and afterward couer it with 〈◊〉 clothes dipt in the same Some likewise draw an oyle out of it by descension to speake after the manner of Chymists in a glasse retort some also doe make thereof a chymicall salt both the one and the other are a great deale more excellent in the foresaid diseases 〈◊〉 the leaues juice powder or distilled water of Nicotiana forasmuch as quintessesces drawne out of simples are the subtile spirits thereof wherein lyeth the pure 〈◊〉 and sincere qualities of the matter from whence it is drawne we will not speakâ— here of the manner of distilling of the Chymicall oile and salt of Nicotiana but reserue the same for our booke of secret remedies The ointments of Nicotiana are made diuers waies notwithstanding that this 〈◊〉 simple taken and applied as we haue alreadie spoken at large be of greater vertâ—â— and efficacie I will onely make mention of two which seeme to me the most artificially described The first is take of the fairest greatest geenest and most roâ—â—nish leaues of Nicotiana that can be chosen a pound wipe them as cleane as 〈◊〉 possible with a linnen cloth from all dust earth and whatsoeuer other filth not â—â—â—ting them any thing at all bray them in a mortar of wood or marble with a woodden pestell afterward melt halfe a pound of sweet seame prepared that is 〈◊〉 from all manner of filmes and skinnes in a brasen vessell putting to the said 〈◊〉 the drosse and juice of Nicotiana stampt as hath beene said let it all boyle together in a brasen vessell at a small and soft fire set vpon a triuet or in Maries 〈◊〉 that is to say a cauldron full of boyling water vntill you see all the warrie part of the juice euaporated and that the rest haue got the consistence or just thicknesse of the forme of an vnguent The second ointment is such melt and boyle together perrosin new wax and turpentine vpon a coole fire in a brasse skellet of each threâ— ounces and when it is all melted and shall begin to froth take a pound of the drossâ— and juice of the leaues of Nicotiana so purged chosen and stamped as hath beenâ— said set them to boyle with the wax perrosin and turpentine the space of fiue or sixe houres more or lesse at a small and gentle fire of coales vpon a treuet or in a double vessell that is to say in a cauldron full of boyling water stirre the same continually vntill the watrie parts of the juice be consumed and spent and the rest boyled thicke like an oyntment after that straine it through a thicke canuasse and pâ—â— it againe into the skellet with halfe a pound of Venice turpentine not suffering it 〈◊〉 boile but stirring it verie well let it coole and put it into pots for your vse 〈◊〉 in dispensing the first and second ointment put not in the drosâ—e of the stamped herb but strayning it through a thicke strainer reserue onely the juice which seemeth 〈◊〉 me to be the better As concerning the properties of these two oyntments the 〈◊〉 is better for wounds onely canerous vlcers ringwormes skurfes and fire faces because it hath more force to clense and resolue which is the principall and chiefe propertie of Nicoriana not being hindered or restrained by the mixture of other ingredients The other Ointment is better to incarnate and consolidate all sorts of wounds to resolue impostumes and swellings to mitigate paines and other effects Besides these two sorts of Ointments there may be made a verie excellent Balme of Nicotiana Distill the leaues of Nicotiana with the iuice pressed out the drosse being cast away put it into a Glasse-violl with like quantitie of common Oyle set this Violl well stopt with gummie Wax in the Sunne a long time and tye vpon the top of it a strong parchment or else set this Violl in a Cauldron full of boyling water or burie it in Horse dung and let it stand there full fortie daies changing the dung sometimes the fortie daies expired you shall find a Balme in the Violl which is of no lesse efficacie than the quintesâ—ence of Nicotiana aboue mentioned as concerning all the properties that may be desired in this Plant. Lastly you shall vnderstand that the ashes of this Nicotiana is of no lesse soueraigntie and medicinall vse than the leafe before rehearsed for after you haue taken the fume of the Tabacco and that the powder is burnt into ashes you shall saue those ashes in a close boxe for they will cure anie greene wound whatsoeuer They are also most excellent for the skinning of anie soare or vlcer and if you steepe them in white Wine or Vrine and make a lee thereof but Vrine is the better because it hath a certaine sâ—ewt oylie substance
not first steept a â—ight in Endiue or Succorie water with a verie little white wine and in the morning â—straining of it to drinke the liquor strained from it The way to prepare it is on this manner You must take the weight of a dramme or a dramme and a halfe or two drammes more or lesâ—e according to the disposition of the bodie the aptnesse of it to purge and the age and strength of him to whome you giue it and afterward beat it in a mortar and make it into powder neither too grose nor too fine then afterward put this powder in three ounces of white Wine when there is no Ague or water or the decoction or broth of Endiue or Succorie or of a Chicken or some other such liquor which is meet and fit for the present disease as in the water of Betonie for the head-ach or in the water of Mother-wort for the diseases of the Matrix and so forth of others afterward the next morning you must drinke it the liquor and powder all together there may further at your pleasure anie syrrup that you will be mixed therewith if so be you know it meet and conuenient for the disease in hand It is true that we haue often proued namely that it endureth no mixture of syrrups or such other things no nor of Cinnamon if the ill disposednesse of the stomacke doe not require it for in such mixtures it maketh no operation and therefore it is better to take it altogether simple It may be giuen also in infusion when we desire to take away the obstructions of the spleene or â—â—iuer in sleeping all night the powder thereof grossely beat as we commaund to be done with Rubarbe in some wine or liquor fit and appropriate afterward straining it the next day in the morning and giuing the liquor onely wherein it was infused to drinke but in this case the quantitie of the powder must be encreased vntill it come to three or foure drammes for otherwise it will worke no effect in as much as experience hath taught vs that the purging qualitie of this root lyeth not so much in the subtle parts thereof as in the substance Which thing Mesues may seeme to haue â—ound likewise in Rubarbe of the East when he wisheth vs to take two drammes onely of Rubarbe in substance and the double in infusion This thing may happen vnto this root and to that Rubarbe of the East vpon their longer staying in the stomacke being taken in substance than in infusion and thereupon make a stronger and a longer continuance of their purging This powder may be also prepared in another manner as namely by making Marchpanes of the said powder with stamped Almonds and Sugar which will be verie fit to purge young children after a gentle manner There may pilles also be made of this powder which may be as small as Coriander seedes to the end they may be the sooner dissolued within the stomacke and not stay long there to heat it or else they may be made greater when there is anie purpose that the said powder should draw from the ioints and outward places The commodities and benefits that rise of the vse of this root are that it may be taken at all times It is not loathsome to the tast nor horrible to the smell neither yet hath it anie displeasing colour vnto all which the other purgatiues for the most part 〈◊〉 more or lesse subiect It procureth not anie loathing vnto the stomacke it causeth not anie wringings in the bellie neither prouoketh it anie vomit It purgeth so gently as that it worketh not anie weaknesse or relaxation or anie other such passion vnto the stomack it resolueth not or looseneth the naturall power neither doth it trouble or put the bodie to paine but contrariwise it maketh it strong lustie as though indeed it were no purgatiue or medicine but a familiar acceptable thing to our nature which thing falleth not out ordinarily in other medicines so that young children old folke and all such as haue taken anie great checke and dislike at other mediciâ—â— may safely pleasantly and profitably take and vse this It is true that before it be taken it will be needfull to prepare and digest the â—â—mour that is to be euacuated attenuating and making thinne and small the same because it is cold and clammie and opening the passages after the counsell of Hiâ—â—â—crates with Clysters and other conuenient meanes for otherwise the powder prâ—â—â—teth nothing as we see it fall out euerie day in such as vse it rashly and without pâ—â—paration and so also with them the thing that of it selfe is verie good doth 〈…〉 name but against all right and equitie seeing it worketh good and laudable effects being taken the bodie first prepared When it is taken the partie must keepe himselfe from cold wind much eating or drinking and other excesse he may sleepe 〈◊〉 houre presently after he hath taken it but not after that it beginneth to worke thâ—â— is no need for him to take anie broth two or three houres after he hath taken it 〈◊〉 is so worthie a medicine that it causeth not anie paine in the guts The day following if the bellie be bound you must procure it to stoole by Clysters or otherâ—â—â—â— and put case it hath not sufficiently purged you must then goe ouer it againe so 〈◊〉 as till it hath wrought your wished intent As concerning the symptomes or accidents which may follow the taking of it they are easily reformed although 〈◊〉 the greater part of them grow rather of the qualities of the humours or of the 〈◊〉 dispositions of the bodies of them that take it than of anie maligne qualitie in the root it selfe For as for vomiting that may come by reason of the stomacke beinâ— easie and inclined to vomit as hauing a verie sensible orifice or of the oboundaâ—â—â— of superfluities and fretting humors contained in the same rather than of the powâ—â—der which doth strengthen and comfort the stomacke by his astringencie notwithstanding it shall not be amisse to meet with this vomiting to put into the infusionâ—â— this powder a little Cinnamon It is held for certaine that if anie be desirous to 〈◊〉 the working excessine or not excessiue of this powder that he needeth but take 〈◊〉 small quantitie of broth and the eating of it will stay the attraction of the medicinâ— although I haue proued this not to be alwaies true I further confesse that it leaâ—â—â— some heat and drinesse behind it when it hath wrought which appeareth by 〈◊〉 great alteration that is remaining but this is no other thing than that which 〈◊〉 purging medicines likewise haue for they being all of them hot doe shew themselues therein but this heat may easily be corrected by the mingling of cold things Suppose likewise that such heat may as soone come of the hot and drie humor 〈…〉 happeneth in hot burning Agues
and places to make a speech out of that many standing about and below may heare in like sort shall the Garden of Pleasure be set about and compassed in with arbours made of Iesamin Rosemarie Box Iuniper Cypres trees Sauin Cedars Rose-trees and other dainties first planted and pruned according as the nature of euerie one doth require but after brought into some forme and order with Willow or Iuniper poles such as may serue for the making of arbours The waies and alleys must be couered and â—owen with fine sand well bet or with the powder of the sawing of Marble or with the fine dust of slate-stone and other hewen stone or else paued handsomely with good pit-stone and tyles that are well burnt or with faire peeces of stones such as staires be made of the whole laying of them being leuelled and made euen with a beater or mall made for the purpose or where these are not to be gotten you shall take of fine yellow grauell well mixt with pyble or other such like binding earth and with it trim your alleys others vse to take coale dust or the ashes of Sea-coale well beaten and siâ—ted and with it strow the alleys and although it be not fully so sightfull yet it is profitable in this respect that it keepes them from grasse and weeds and other greenes because nothing will sprout through the same albeit be not troden or walked vpon of a long space This Garden by meanes of a large path of the bredth of six foot shall be diuided into two equall parts the one shall containe the hearbes and flowers vsed to make nosegaies and garlands of as March Violets Prouence Gillo-flowres Purple Gillo-flowres Indian Gillo-flowres small Paunces Daisies yellow and white Gillo-flowres Marigolds Lilly-conually Daffodils Canterburie-bells Purple Veluet flowre Anemones Corne-flag Mugwort Lillies and other such like as may be called the Nosegay Garden Also in it you shall plant all sorts of strange flowers as is the Crowne imperiall the Dulippos of sundrie kinds Narcyssus Hyacynthes Emeryes Hellitropians and a world of other of like nature whose colours being glorious and different make such a braue checkerd mixture that it is both wondrous pleasant and delactable to behold The other part shall haue all other sweet smelling hearbes whether they be such as beare no flowers or if they beare any yet they are not put in Nosegaies alone but the whole hearbe with them as Soothernwood Wormewood Pellitorie Rosemarie Iesamin Marierom Balme Mints Penniroyall Costmarie Hyssope Lauander Basill Sage Sauorie Rue Tansey Thyâ—â—e Cammomile Mugwort bastard Marierom Nept sweet Balme All-good Anis Horehound and others such like and this may be called the Garden for hearbs of a good smell These sweet hearbes and flowres for Nosegaies shall be set in order vpon beds and quarters of such like length and bredth as those of the Kitchin Garden and some of them vpon seats and others in mazes made for the pleasing and recreating of the sight other some are set in proportions made of beds interlaâ—ed and drawne one within another or broken off with borders or without borders the greatest part of which sweet hearbes as also for Nose-gay flowers though they grow â—â—â—rally and of their owne accord without anie labour or trauell of the Gardener especially hearbes for Nose-gaies yet such of them as stand in need of dressing and ordering shall be sowne planted remoued gathered and kept no otherwise than the pot-hearbes but yet notwithstanding regard must be had of the nature of euerie particular one as shall be declared hereafter in the particular description of 〈◊〉 of them CHAP. XLVIII Of hearbes for Flowers or Nose-gaies MArch Violets as well the single as the double must be set of whole 〈◊〉 in a well manured ground and digged the depth of a foot before the â—â—lends of March if you will â—ow them you may doe it in Autumne and the Spring But especially you must beware not to set Violets euerie 〈◊〉 in one and the same place for otherwise it will beare a yellow flower and haue verie little or no smell in it You may make that one and the same Violet shall beare 〈◊〉 the colours that others doe that is to say white pale yellow and red of you mix together the seeds of all and tying them in a Linnen cloth put them in that sort 〈◊〉 a well manured earth The Violet must be gathered in the morning before the 〈◊〉 rise and when it raineth not if so be that you will haue it to keepe his vertues and sweet smell The flowers of March Violets applied vnto the browes doe assuage the headaâ—â— which commeth of too much drinking and procure sleepe He that shall haue takeâ— a blow vpon the head so that it hath astonished him shall not haue anie greater 〈◊〉 if presently after such a blow he drinke Violet flowers stampt and continue the 〈◊〉 drinke for a certaine time There is made of the flowers of Violets Syrrups and Conserues good for the inflammation of the Lungs the Pleurisie Cough 〈◊〉 Agues It is also most excellent to preserue these Violets for Salads to serue all the 〈◊〉 as thus When you haue gathered your Violets and pickt them cleane both 〈◊〉 their stalkes and anie other corruption that may hang ouer their leaues you 〈◊〉 wash them cleane and strike the water through a drie cloth so cleare from them 〈◊〉 may be then take a Glasse-pot of the fashion of a Gally-pot so large as you 〈◊〉 put in your hand and being cleane washt also first in the bottome thereof lay a layre of your Violets of halfe a fingers thicknesse then take of the finest refined Sugar beaten verie small and therewith couer the Violets all ouer then lay another layre of the Violets and couer them with Sugar as you did before and so lay Violets vpon Sugar and Sugar vpon Violets till you haue filled the pot to the 〈…〉 take of the strongest Wine-vineger that can be gotten and poure it into the pot till the vineger swimme aloft then let it rest an houre or two to settle and if you 〈◊〉 that the vineger be shrunke below the flowers you shall fill it vp againe not 〈◊〉 thus to doe till the vineger will shrinke no more then couer the pot vp verie 〈◊〉 with Parchment and Sheepes leather and set it so as it may receiue some 〈◊〉 ayre of the fire and after one moneth vse them as occasion shall serue for they will last all the yeare both Winter and Summer without loosing either their â—â—lour strength sweetnesse or pleasantnesse neither their growth nor fulnesse And in this sort you may preserue all sorts of flowers whatsoeuer as Roses Marigoldâ— Gilliflowers of all kinds Cowslips Primroses Broome flowers Paunfie◠〈◊〉 leaues or anie other sweet and wholesome flower whatsoeuer Wherein is to 〈◊〉 noted that if the flower which you preserue be of a pure white colour and that yoâ— feare the vineger may somewhat abate the brightnesse
to the quantitie of two drams purgeth hot and châ—lericke humours Dame Violets haue great leaues somewhat blacke notcht round about and broad the flowers are white and incarnate and in shape like vnto the Auens they grow sometimes so high as that they degenerate into a tree Goats-bread that it may haue faire double and full flowers doth craue a fat and moist ground The leaues thereof open at the Sunne rise and they close at noone the root boyled in mudde doth appease the paines and pricking of the side taken in forme of a lohoch with syrope of Violets it helpeth obstructed lungs and the pleâ—risie boyled in vvater and preserued with Sugar it is a singular preseruatiue against the Plague Poysons Venime and deadly Stinging the juice or distilled vvater of this hearbe doth heale greene vvounds if you dip linnen clothes therein and applie them to the wounds some vse the root of this hearbe in sallades where daintie and fine fare is the same boyled in a pot vvith Veale and Mutton and afterward prepared and made readie betwixt two dishes with butter and vinegar Marie or Marians Violets for the beautifulnesse of the flowers deserue to bâ— sowne in a fat and well laboured ground the flowers are good to make gargariâ—â—â—â— for the inflammations and vlcers of the mouth Lillie-conually called of the Latines Lillium conuallium notwithstanding thâ—t it groweth in shadowed Woodgrounds yet it deserueth to be tilled in gardens as 〈◊〉 in regard of the faire little flowers white as snow which it beareth being also of a most amiable smell somewhat like vnto the Lillies as also in respect of his vertues because the distilled vvater of the flowers being taken vvith strong and noble vvine doth restore the speech vnto them which haue lost it vpon an apoplexie it is good likewise for the palsey distillations and fainting of the heart yet these nor any other Lillies whatsoeuer can I commend for any vse of nosegaies because the smell of them â—s lussious grosse and vnwholesome apt to make the head ake and as some hold of â—pinion apt to in ingender infection by reason of a certaine putrefaction which it â—tirreth vp in the braine vvhereby all the inward parts are distempered therefore whosoeuer planteth them shall preserâ—â— them more for shew than smell and make â—se of their medicinall qualitie not oâ— their order and touching their medicinall qualtitie there is none better than this that if the root be taken and cleane washt and boyled in milke and so applyed to any hard tumour swelling byle or impoâ—tumation it will either dissolue it or else ripen breake and heale it so that it be applied pultus wise verie hot Water lillie as well the white as the yellow desireth a waterish and marshie place vve see it grow likewise in pooles and fish-ponds The root of vvhite vvater lillie â—oyled with grosse red wine and drunke stayeth womens whites the flowers roots â—nd seeds as well in decoctioâ—s as in conserues are verie singular or procure sâ—eepe â—nd to preserue chastitie Hyacinth groweth verie vvell in a sandie ground The root and seed boyled in vvine and drunke doth stay the flux of the bellie Narcyssus so called of a Greeke word because the smell of it comming vnto the 〈◊〉 doth cause an inclination vnto sleepinesse and heauinesse would be sowne in a â—at ground that is hot and moist it groweth also aboundantly in Languedoe and Iâ—alie and but a little in this countrie The root thereof boyled or roasted and taken with meat of drinke doth greatly procure vomit also the same brayed with a little Honie and applyed doth heale burnings taketh away the freckles and spots of the face being mixt with the seed of nettles Corneflag called in Latine Gladiolus as well the blew as the white would be planted of new plants in March and Aprill or else of slips but such as haue roots for they are neuer sowne neither doe they require any great tilling Their flowres differ from the flowres of marigolds in this in that the flowres of the marigold doe open at the Sunne-shine but the flowres of Corneflag doe shut and close vp themselues then not opening againe but when it is cold and moist weather The roots must be pulled out of the earth in the beginning of the Spring that thereby they may haue a pleasant smell and a delectable kind of sauour and afterward they must be died in the shadow of the Sunne Some people to take away the superfluous moisture thereof which putteth them in danger to be consumed with Wormes doe vvet them with Lee of ashes as well whiles they are in the earth as when they are out and so drie them and keepe them for to procure the linnens and woollen garments to smell well The juice of the roots put in a clyster doth appease the paine of the Sciatica the root dried and made in powder doth cleanse and consolidate hollow and filthie vlcers being held in the mouth it causeth a good breath layed amongst clothes it preserueth them from all vermine and maketh them smell pleasantly The juice of the root taken at the mouth sundrie times purgeth water in such as haue the dropsie especially if it be taken mixt with the yolke of an egge halfe boyled The root mingled with the root of ellebor and twice so much Honie doth wipe away freckles red pimples and all spots of the face if it be annointed thereupon The decoction of the root taketh away the obstructâ—ons caused of a grosse humour prouoketh vrine killeth vvormes and casteth out the stone The Italians make a preserue of this root whiles it is new with Sugar to Honie and vse it in all the cases aforesaid some make an oyle of the flowers infused in oyle which hath power to resolue soften and appease the griefe of cold rheumes or distillations Lillies must be planted in the moneth of March and Aprill in these 〈◊〉 and in hot countries in the moneths of October and Nouember as well the 〈…〉 the orange colour in a fat and well digged ground you shall make their flowe◠〈◊〉 what colour you will if before you set them you steepe their roots in such 〈◊〉 substance as shall best like you and afterward likewise to water the roots when they are set and planted in their trench with the same liquor and that after this 〈◊〉 Some say that the flowers of Lillies become red and purple if their roots before 〈◊〉 be planted be steept in the Lees of red Wine or in dissolued Cinnabrium and 〈◊〉 watered with the same in the little pit or trench wherein it is set Or else when 〈◊〉 are in flower in the moneth of Iune you must take ten or twelue plants and 〈◊〉 them together to hang them in the smoake for so they will put forth small roots 〈◊〉 vnto vvild Garleeke and when the time of setting is come which is in the 〈◊〉 of March and
may grow faire and haue a more pleasant smell it must be planted â—nder the shadow of a Figge-tree or grafted in the rind of a Figge-tree for the 〈◊〉 and sweetnesse of the Figge-tree doth temper the sharpenesse and acrimoâ—ie of the Rue Some say likewise that Rue will grow fairer if the branches thereof 〈◊〉 set in a Beane or Onion and so put into the ground It is likewise reported that it â—â—oweth fairer if one curse and hurt it when they set and plant it But looke how â—â—iendly and kind it is to the Figge-tree so much it is enemie vnto and hateth the â—â—emlocke likewise Gardiners when they would pull vp Rue for feare of hurting â—â—eir hands rub them with the juice of Hemlocke Wild Rue is of greater force than the garden Rue and of a more vnpleasant â—â—ell and also a more dangerous smell furthermore of so sharpe a vapour as that if 〈◊〉 come neere vnto the face neuer so little it will breed the wild fire in it The feed 〈◊〉 of the one and the other by the hot and drie temperature it hath drieth vp the 〈◊〉 of man and maketh him barren the same seed in decoction is good for distilâ—â—tions and the moisture of the matrix Rue hath a singular vertue and force against all manner of venime Likewise we 〈◊〉 that the king Mithridates was accustomed to vse an opiate made of twentie â—â—ues of Rue two drie Figges two old Walnuts and a little Salt to preserue his state â—gainst all manner of poyson For this cause you must plant in your gardens and 〈◊〉 your sheepecoats houses for your fowle and other cattell great quantitie of â—ue for Adders Lizards and other venimous beasts will not come neere vnto 〈◊〉 by the length of the shadow of it Some also hold it as a tried thing that to 〈◊〉 away Cats and Fulmers from hen-houses and doue-houses there is nothing â—etter than to set Rue at the doores thereof or round about them And that to free a â—ome of fleas and gâ—ats it is good to water that same with water sprinkled about with branch of rue In the plague time it is not good to put rue neere vnto your nose â—ontrarie to that which we see many men practise because by the sharpenesse of the 〈◊〉 there is caused a heat and excoriation of the part which it toucheth notwithâ—â—anding to draw out the venime that is in a bubo or pestilent carbuncle there is noâ—â—ing better than to applie thereto a cataplasme made of the leaues of rue stampt with leauen hogs-grease onions figges vnquencht lime sope cantharides and a 〈◊〉 treacle If a man haue eaten of hemlocke ceruse mandrakes blacke poppie 〈…〉 other hearbes which through their great coldnesse haue caused them to be 〈◊〉 and blockish they may profitably vse the juice of rue to drinke it for the 〈◊〉 of them from such danger or else the wine wherein it hath beene boyled Thâ— distilled water of rue powred into vvine and rose-water of each as much is good 〈◊〉 the weakenesse of the sight It is verie soueraigne for the headach and being 〈◊〉 in wine with fennell and so drunke it easeth all obstructions of the spleene or 〈◊〉 and taketh away the pain of the strangurie and also stoppeth any flux being 〈◊〉 with Cummin-seed it easeth all maner of aches and being stampt with home 〈◊〉 flower and the yolke of an egge it cureth any impostumation whatsoeuer All sorts of mints whether garden or wild doe nothing desire the ground 〈◊〉 dunged fat or lying open vpon the Sunne but rather a moist ground neere 〈◊〉 water for want thereof they must be continually watred for else they die it is 〈◊〉 sowne than set but if it be set then it may be either of roots or branches in 〈◊〉 or in the Spring time especially about the twelfth of March or September 〈◊〉 wanteth the seed to sow it may insteed thereof sow the seed of field mints 〈◊〉 the sharpe point downeward thereby to tame and reclaime the wildnesse of it 〈◊〉 it is growne it must not be toucht with any edge toole because thereupon it 〈◊〉 die Neither need you take care to sow it euerie yeare for it will grow of itselfe 〈◊〉 being sowne of set in great aboundance Mints stampt and applyed to breasts too hard and full of milke doe seften 〈◊〉 and hindreth the curding of the milke stampt with salt it is good against the 〈◊〉 of a mad dog stampt and put into a cataplasme it comforteth a weak 〈◊〉 and strengtheneth digestion two or three sprigs of mints taken with the juice of â—â—pomegranat stayeth the hicket vomiting and surfets It is good to help them 〈◊〉 haue lost their smelling by putting it oft to the nose Then leaues dried made in 〈◊〉 and drunke with white wine doth kill the wormes in yong children Such as 〈◊〉 milke aâ—ter they haue eaten it must by and by chaw of the leaues of mints 〈…〉 the quaâ—ling of the milke in their stomachs for mints haue the speciall 〈…〉 keeping milk from curding as also to keepe cheeâ—e from corruption and 〈◊〉 if it be sprinkled with the juice or decoction of mints being â—pplied vnto the 〈◊〉 it asswageth head-ach commming of cold The water of the whole hearbe distilled 〈◊〉 Maries bath in a glasse Alembecke and taken the quantitie of foure ounces 〈◊〉 stay bleeding at the nose which is very strange thing they that would liue 〈◊〉 must not smell vnto not eat any mints and therefore in auncient time it was 〈◊〉 captaines in warre to eat any mints Calamint otherwise called Mentastrum delighteth in the same ground 〈◊〉 mints we see it likewise grow in vntilled grounds neere vnto high waies and hedgâ— It prouoketh the termes in women whether it be taken at the mouth or in 〈◊〉 and that with such violence as that women may not in any case meddle with 〈◊〉 if they take themselues to be with child it is singular good vsed in formentation 〈◊〉 the paines of the stomach for the colicke and distillations the juice thereof 〈◊〉 the mouth killeth wormes in the bellie and being dropt into the eare it killeth 〈◊〉 there also Of this Calamint there are three kinds as the stone Calamint the 〈◊〉 Calamint and the water Calamint the water Calamint is excellent to make 〈…〉 the earth Calamint is verie good against leprosie helpeth paine in the 〈◊〉 and comforteth the stomach lastly the stone Calamint is soueraigne against 〈◊〉 and strengtheneth the heart if it be bruised and made into a plaiâ—ter with 〈…〉 sewet it healeth any venimous wounds and to drinke it three or foure daies 〈◊〉 either in ale or wine it cureth the jaundise Thyme as well of Candie as the common doth grow better planted than 〈◊〉 and craueth a place open vpon the Sunne neere vnto the sea and leane and it 〈◊〉 be planted at mid-March in a well â—illed ground that so it may the sooner
no frost almost 〈…〉 hurt it especially the root for when it is once taken it putteth forth continually 〈◊〉 and boughs along the plant The wood is principally commended for that it assuageth and diminisheth 〈◊〉 spleene in such as haue it stopt too full of melancholicke humours and hence 〈…〉 that many troubled with that disease doe eat and drinke in vessells made of 〈◊〉 wood thereof And some likewise doe counsell to giue swine that are troubled 〈◊〉 too much fulnesse of the spleene water to drinke in their â—â—oughâ— hauing first â—â—â—ched therein coales made of the wood of Tamariske The decoction of the 〈…〉 damaske raisons in good for leprous persons and such as haue their spleene 〈◊〉 as also for the pockes Bastard Sene called of the Latines 〈◊〉 delighteth in a fat ground and well battilled with Sheepes dung It groweth not planted but vpon seed and it is meet that the seed be steeped first a long time in water euen vntill it begin to sprout The time to sow it is about the beginning of the moneth of Iune It must not haue any of the branches cut off nor be pruned or touched before the fourth yeare The fruit serueth to good vse for the fatting of Sheepe and maketh them to haue much milke it is good also to fat chickens bees goats and kyne Some take it to be Sene but they doe greatly deceiue and beguile themselues The Caper-tree in many countries groweth without any tilling â—n â—arable ground but where it wanteth if it must be sowne it must be in a hot countrie and a drie stonie and sandie place which shall before hand be inclosed with a little ditch which shall be filled with stone and lyme or else with fat earth for to be a fortresse and defence vnto it that so the roots of the Caper-tree and thereby all shoots that might grow vp from them may be kept from breaking forth and spreading further than this ditch for if they should be stayed and kept backe from spreading by some such meanes it would come to passe that within a small time they would ouer-runne the whole Garden and plant themselues in euerie corner of the same Notwithstanding the Caper-tree is not so noysome in that respect because it may be pulled vp as it is by inueniming I know not by what venimous humour or juice the whole ground and making of it barren It hath no need except a verâ—e little to be any way tilled or fashioned for it groweth well ynough without any thing done vnto it in â—ields and desart grounds It may be sowne in the Spring and Autumne The fruit of the Caper-tree as well the great as the small is good in a fallade to prouoke appetite cleanse the flegmaticke stomach and to take away the obstructions of the liuer but principally of the spleene the rind of the root and leaues haue the like vertue but more effectually Capers both the great and the small whiles they are yet greene and not salted doe nourish a great deale more both of them are in request not so much for that they are fruit as for their manner of preseruing which is performed either with vinegar or else with salt brine for Capers not pickled are of a verie sharpe and vnpleasant tast but the vinegar wherein they are preserued doth make them verie acceptable vnto the stomach but the great ones because they haue both more juice and more pulpe are a great deale better than the little ones though the little ones are more delightsome to the tast than the great ones because they are fuller of vinegar than the great ones Agnus Castuâ— seeing it commeth verie neere to the nature and condition of the Willow and of the same colour with the leaues disagreeing onely in smell craueth to be planted in a watrie place where there is much shadow or at the least to be oft watered The leaues seed and flowers are singular good for them which would liue chastly taken inwardly or applyed outwardly for some say that the leaues 〈◊〉 or â—lowres put into little bâ—gges and applied vnto the reines in bed do helpe to keepe the chastitie of the bodie which is the cause that in many countries it is seene planted almost in all the Monkeries The decoction of the leaues is good against the sealding and burning Vrine as well in drinking as in fomenting it as also against the obstructions of the liuer spleene and matrix If you carrie a branch of Agnus Castus about you you shall not grow wearie no not after much trauell The fume thereof taken in at the secret parts of women doth quench the vnsatiable lust and burning desire vnto venerie and carnall copulation Beane-tree or S. Iohns-bread bearing a long flat and broad fruit like vnto that of Caâ—â—ia would be planted of new shoots in Februarie and Nouember in a drie ground lying open vpon the Sun and where as there are verie deepe ditches made It may also be grafted in a Plum-tree or Almond-tree in any case you must neuer thinke vpon the sowing of it because so it would neuer beare any fruit but would die verie quickly it must be oft watered The Codâ— are good either to fat children or â—winâ— but not so fit to feed men withall It is true that the fruit doth loosen the bellie gently as it were after the manner of Cassia There 〈…〉 sorts of the Date-tree some beare fruit and some 〈…〉 and of the fruitfull some beare a reddish fruit and some a white and 〈…〉 gray Furthermore some are males and some females some are high and 〈…〉 some are stooping downe and but low and therefore called the little or 〈…〉 tree and some of a middle size betwixt both but howsoeuer they differ yet 〈◊〉 they agree that they all desire a hot ayre a great deale more than temperate for in a hot Countrey it bringeth forth verie faire and ripe fruit and of it selfe is 〈◊〉 kept and preserued without anie fâ—rther paine or â—are except it be about the 〈◊〉 of it where in a temperate Region it either ripeneth not his fruit or 〈…〉 none at all It craueth a 〈…〉 and nitrous ground foreseene that it be 〈…〉 moist and this is the cause why it â—roâ—pereth well vpon the Sea coast and if the ground where it be planted be not such it must be watered with salt water 〈…〉 brine It is planted of small Plants with roots in Aprill and May the Plant being well layd about with fat earth Some also sow the new stones of Dates and they bring forth their trees in October two cubits deepe in the ground and that mingled with ashes and well enriched with Goats dung and the sharpe side of it must be vpward it must be watered euerie day and euerie yeare there must be â—alt shed 〈◊〉 it or else which is better that it be oftentimes watered with water that is 〈◊〉 salt Againe that it may grow high and faire it
colour pleasant smell pure neat and shining in euerie part sweet and verie pleasant to the tast and yet notwithstanding this hauing a certaine kind of acrimonie or sharpenesâ—e of an indifferent consistence betwixt thicke and thinne hanging together in it selfe in such sort as that being lifted vp with the fingers end it keepeth together in â—aner of a direct line without any breaking asunder for it should argue it selfe to be either too thick or too thinne if it should not hang together but breake or else to haue some other vnequall mixture It must not be long in boyling and yeelding but small store of scum when it doth boyle aboue all it may not exceedingly smell of Thyme though some as I my selfe doe know doe greatly esteeme of such And that which is gathered in the Spring or Summer is much better than that which is gathered in Winter White Honey is not of lesse goodnesse than that which is of a golden yellow so that there accompanie it the other marks of goodnes such as that is which the Spaniards and men about Narbona doâ— send vnto vs being verie white and 〈◊〉 firme and hard and therefore better without all comparison than anie other 〈◊〉 of Honey Honey the newer it is the better it is cleane contrarie to Wine which is more commended when it is old than when it is new This also is to be marked in Honey 〈◊〉 as Wine is best at the mid-Caske and Oyle in the â—op so Honey is best towards the bottome for by how much Honey is more firme and heauie so much it is the 〈◊〉 as being the sweeter The vse of Honey serueth for manie things it prolongeth life in old folkâ—s and in them which are of cold complexion that it is so we see that the Bee which is 〈◊〉 little creature â—eeble and weake liueth nine or tenne yeares by herâ—eeding vpon Honey The nature of Honey is to resist corruption and puâ—â—ifaction and this is the cause why Gargarismes to cleanse and mundifie the vlcers of the mouth are 〈◊〉 therewith Some make a distilled water of Honey which causeth the 〈◊〉 is fallen away to grow againe in what part of the bodie soeuer it be CHAP. LXX The manner of preparing diuers sorts and diuers compositions of Honey THere is such excellent vertue in Honey as that is preserueth and defendeth things from puâ—â—ifaction and corruption which is the cause that when anie are disposed to keepe Rootes Fruits Hearbes and especially Iuices it is ordinarily accustomed to conserue them is Honey whereupon it commeth that wee vse these names Honey of 〈◊〉 Roses Rosemarie-slowers Damaske-Raiâ—â—â—â— Myrtles Anacardâ—â— Buglosse and such like which are made with iuice and Honey of which onely we will 〈◊〉 in this place The Honey of Violets Roses Buglosse Mercurie and Rosemariâ—â—flowers 〈◊〉 all prepared after one sort Take of the iuice of new Roses a pound of pure 〈◊〉 Honey first boyled and 〈◊〉 tenne pounds boyle them all together in a Caldron vpon a cleere fire when these boyle adde vnto them of new Roses yet 〈◊〉 cut in sunder with Scizars of Sheares foure pound boyle them all vntill the iuice be wasted stirring them often with a sticke this being done straine them and put 〈◊〉 in an earthen vessell for to be kept for it is better and better after some time Otherwise and better and ofter vsed Stampe in a Mortar new Roses adde like 〈◊〉 of Honey and set them in the Sunne the space of three moneths afterward straine them and boyle the liquor strained out to the thicknesse of Honey Otherwise 〈◊〉 equall parts of Honey and of the manifold infusion of new Roses boyle them all 〈◊〉 the consistence of a Syrrup looke how manie times the more double the inâ—usion of the Roses is by so much the Honey of Roses will be the better and this same is 〈◊〉 most fit to be taken at the mouth as the first and second are for Clysters Or 〈◊〉 take new raw Honey before it euer boyle or hauing but lightly boyled and 〈◊〉 thereto some quantitiâ— of sweet water red Roses that are new and newly 〈◊〉 in the shadow their white taken away and a third part of Honey put them all together in a glasse-vessell or earthen one well glassed which being close stopped shall be set in the Sunne and stirred euerie third day and thus you may fitly prepare Honey of Roses and Rosemarie-flowers a great deale better than after anie of the 〈◊〉 waies Honey of Myrtles is made with a pound of the iuice of Myrtle-tree and 〈◊〉 pound of Honey all boyled together vpon a small fire The honie of damaskes raisons is thus made Take damaske raisons cleansed from their stones steepe them foure and twentie houres in warme water and after boyle them to perfection when they haue thus boyled straine them through a strainer verie strongly and after that boyle them againe to the thicknesse of 〈◊〉 Mel Anacardinum is thus made Stampe a certaine number of the fruit Anacardia and after let them lye to steepe for the space of seuen daies in vinegar but on the eight boile them to the consumption of the one halfe afterward straine them through a linnen cloth the juice that is strained out must be boyled with like quantitie of honie The manner of making honied water Take one part of honie and sixe parts of raine water put all together in a little barrell well pitcht and sâ—opt aboue that 〈◊〉 no 〈◊〉 at all may enter in at it afterward set it out in the hottest weather that is as in Iulie but out of all raine and leaue it so about 〈◊〉 daies but with such prouâ—â—o as that you turne the barrell euerie eight daies to the end that the Sunne may worke on all sides of it To make it more effectuall and of greater vertue it will be good in quincetime to mixe therewith the juice of quinces in such quantitie as that there may be for eâ—erie pound of honie a quarter of a pound of juice of quinces Some before they put the honie and water together into the barrell boyle them together vpon a cleare fire or vpon coales without smoake they scum the honâ—e and boyle it to perfection which they gather by casting an egge into it which if it swim aboue then the honie is sufficiently boyled but and if it sinke then it is not boyled ynough The Polonians Muscoâ—â—es and Englishmen doe make a drinke hauing the 〈◊〉 of a honied water which is farre more pleasant and more wholesome than many mightie wines and it is called Mede They take one part of honie and six parts of raine riuer or fountaine water they boyle them together and in boyling them take off the seum very diligently and continue the boyling till the halfe of the whole be consumed being cooled they put it vp in a wine vessell and after adde vnto it â—ix ounces of the barme of ale or beere to
make it purge and boyle vp and withall they hang in the vessell a nodule or knot full of 〈◊〉 pepper ginger graines of paradise and cloues also they cast into the vessell a handfull of Elder-tree-flowres they set the vessell in the Sunne in Summer time for the space of fortie daies or in Winter they set it in some caue vnder the ground This kind of honied water is verie soâ—â—â—aigne against 〈◊〉 agues 〈◊〉 dispositions of the bodie diseases of the braine as the falling sicknesse apoplexie and palsie in which cases wine is forbidden The countrie men of Prouence and the Italians doâ— make marchpaines of honie and almonds after this manner Take white honie three pound and three whites of egges beat all together with a woodden pestill in a bason till it grow vnto the colour of milke afterward see the bason vpon a fire of coales stirring all together very carefully with the pestill till such time as it become somewhat thicke then put thereto sweet almonds stamped and fried such quantitie as shall be needfull for the making of it of some good consistence being yet hot powre it our vpon some marble or polished table make vp your marchpaine thereof and it will be singular good for them to eat which are in a consumption as also to procure spitting CHAP. LXXI Of the markes of good Waxe and the manner of preparing diuers sorts of Waxe GOod Waxe must be of a verie yellow colour smelling sweet far light pure 〈◊〉 close neat and purified from all filth It is the ground of other Waxes called artificiall as being by art made into diuers colours as blacke red greene and white Waxe Blacke Waxe is made with ashes of burnt paper greene by putting 〈◊〉 vnto it red by putting the root of Alkanet vnto common Wax or the powder of Cinnabrium but white Waxe is made many waies but for the most part after this sort and manner Melt Waxe in some vessell â—it for the purpose afterward 〈◊〉 it from all manner of superfluities through a strainer being thus strained 〈…〉 a soft coale fire in a great skellet or vessell of copper to keepe it liquid and in 〈◊〉 close thereby you shall haue one or two great barrells made after the manner of 〈◊〉 â—ubs full of water newly drawne out of the well in which you shall wet 〈…〉 that are round flat and halfe finger thicke fashioned like round coueâ— or 〈◊〉 of pots and in the middest they shall be made fast to a little sticke or woodden 〈◊〉 manner of a graspe by which one may handle them you shall dip the same 〈◊〉 well wet in water in the vessell where the Waxe shall be melted and pâ—eâ—â—â—ly after you shall pull them out full of Waxe and put them in the water â—ubs where the 〈◊〉 will abide that shall haue cleaued vnto them you shall gather this wax together and spread euerie peece by it selfe vpon hurdles couered with linnen cloth in the 〈◊〉 heat of the Sunne in the moneth of Iulie and vpon these you shall leaue it till it become white In the meane time while it shall thus lie in the Sunne if it happen 〈◊〉 the heat of the Sunne be so vehement that it melteâ—h the wax so spâ—ed vpon the hurdles you must water and sprinkle it often with coole water by the same meaâ—â— also defend it from the Bees which will flie thither from all corners to 〈◊〉 out the honie Otherwise boyle the wax in water so oâ—t as vntill that you see it 〈…〉 it this manner of whitening wax is not so sure nor of so easie charges as the 〈◊〉 for the often melting of the Wax doth wast it verie much but the drying of it in the Sunne bringeth no great losse as you shall best find after proofe and triall made To make â—earing candle Take two pound of new Wax a pound of good 〈◊〉 and a quarter of a pound of turpentine mixe them and make searing Wax The end of the second Booke THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE COVNTRIE FARME The Orchard or Greene plot CHAP. I. Of the differences of Orchards or Greene plots and the inclosing of the Fruit-Garden THere are three sorts of Orchards or Greene plots the one otherwise called an Arbour contriued with great bankes and this is pointed out and prouided in a field couered with green grasse and a fountaine in the middest of it and wrought-into dâ—uers plaine and euen plots and braunches consisting of loâ—ts which are sustained and borne vp with carpentrie or frames of timber vnder which a great number of people may sit couered ouer head Of this sort I haue seene at Basill and 〈◊〉 other places in Germanie and to â—it a place for this manner of greene plot it 〈◊〉 requisite that it be cleansed from all manner of stones and weeds not so much as 〈◊〉 roots left vndestroyed and for the better accomplishing hereof there must boyâ—â—ng water be powred vpon such ends of roots as sâ—aying behind in the ground canâ—â—ot be well pulled vp and afterward the floore must be beaten and troden downe 〈◊〉 â—ightily then after this there must be cast great quantity and store of turfes of earth 〈◊〉 of greene graâ—â—e the bare earthie part of them being turned and laied vpward 〈◊〉 afterward daunced vpon with the feet and the beater or pauing-beetle lightly 〈◊〉 ouer them in such sort as that within a short time after the graâ—â—e may begin 〈◊〉 peepe vp and put forth like small haires and finally it is made the sporting green 〈◊〉 for Ladies and Gentlewomen to recreate their spirits in or a place whereinto â—â—hey may withdraw themselues if they would be solitarie and out of â—ight The second sort of greene plots is that which our auncient Frenchmen who first â—â—rote our Romane discourses and histories haue taken and vsed for a place of 〈◊〉 for Princes and was called in aâ—ncient time after the manner of a sojouâ—â—ing 〈◊〉 abiding place but now by the name of a beautifull prospect Which beside the â—â—ately building singularly contriued in partitions diuersitie of workes and most â—â—aire windows compassed in with goodly water ditches â—ed from continuall runâ—â—ng Springs doth containe an â—â—ner and base Court with gardens for pleasure and fruits with vnderwoods warrens fishponds and whatsoeuer goodly and beautifull thing is wont to stand about princely palaces The third sort of greene plots is that which we intend to trim vp in this place and it may supplie the place of the fruit garden for a house respecting and looking to thrift and to keepe a houshold for husbandrie such a one as we haue here 〈◊〉 to furnish and set out euerie way well appointed and in which vve are 〈◊〉 to regard profit joyned with a meane and moderate beautie and coâ—â—â—nesse than any vnnecessarie â—umptuousnesse Therefore to goe on in our designed course and intended plot this place requireâ—h that next after the kitchin and flower gardens with their appurtenâ—â—â—â—
some part of the stocke close by the earth and put through the hole a wedge of Oake watering it about with mans vrine You shall make bitter Almonds sweet if you lay round about the roots of the Almond-tree Swines dung and Vrine casting much earth vpon it afterward and this yearely or if you bore a hole in the stocke of the tree and put therein a wedge dipe in honey or if as Plinie and Theophrastus say you bore the stocke through and through below and let the sappe runne out Of sweet Almonds you may make sowre ones if you let the beasts browse and crop off the first and tender branches The Almond-tree will be free from all annoyance of fogges if so be there be smâ—ll grauell laid vnto the rootes before it blossome and when it shall begin to blossome then to take it away You may haue written Almonds if you breake the shell of an Almond veriâ— finely without doing anie harme to the kernell whereupon hauing written what you thinke good wrap vp the shell and kernell in paper and so set it well couered with dyrt and Swines dung Almonds are gathered when their huskes gape through the force of the Sunne and hauing beat them downe if you shell them altogether and wash them in salt brine they will become white and will keepe a long time prouided that before you lay them vp to keepe you drie them in the Sunne Their huskes will be easily taken off from them if you spread them vpon straw The place to keepe them well must be drie whether it be Coffer Presses or Garner and if the number be great that you would keepe you must see that the place haue good store of ayre and be lying open to the North wind The bitter Almonds haue power to resist drunkennesse as Plutarch witnesseth of a certaine Physition which did vse to drinke out all commers and not be drunken himselfe and that by eating fiue or six bitter Almonds before he did drinke but they kill Hennes and Chickens if they eat them The bitter Almond bruised and rubbed or layed to the browes and temples doe appease the head-ach and procure sâ—eepe especially if you put vnto it water of Veruaine The vse of sweet Almonds is good for them which are troubled with clammie fleame in their throat or which haue weake lungs and are subiect to the grauell in the reines or difficultie of vrine as also to restore natures force and to make men apt to venerie The gumme of the Almond-tree doth quickly stay the spetting of bloud yea the daily vse sufficiently sheweth how profitable this fruit is for it serueth all the yeare long for the making of Almond milke Potage Pennets Marchpanes and other such daintie deuises CHAP. XXII Of the Peach-tree Abricot-tree Spanish Peach-tree Peach-Plum-tree bastard Peach-tree and the small Peach-tree PEach-trees are planted of their stone setting it two fingers within the ground and the small end thereof vpward it delighteth in sandie places in drie places and where the Sunne hath his full force but in cold moist and windie places it dieth presently if it be not defended from â—he said inconueniences You must set the stone with the sharpe end turned into the â—round and when it is in the earth digge it battle and stirre vp the earth about it at â—he foot at the least thrice a yeare you must allow it dung a fat soyle and a small â—ould and that a little before Winter come and especially Swines dung which maâ—eth it to grow more thicke than anie other sort of dung or batling by this meanes â—ou shall haue good Peaches thicke ones and fleshie You must likewise weed them â—ft after when it is two yeares old you must remoue it and lay it along in his pit â—uen after the manner that they vse Vines letting one onely bough stand out of the â—arth which may grow to serue for the stocke and bodie and thus it will continue â—ong by reason of the great number of roots which it will haue both to stay it as a â—oundation and to feed it but you must cut off the longest branch and that which 〈◊〉 the straightest of all the other which is the thing that would be diligently practised â—pon all fruit trees because that it is the thing which keepeth them from bearing â—ore and aboundance of fruit It is not to be grafted out of it selfe if you will haue it â—xcellent howbeit to make it last the longer in as much as it soone waxeth old it is â—ood to graft it vpon a bitter Almond-tree damaske Prune-tree or Quince-tree but 〈◊〉 otherwise than scutcheon or fluâ—e-like It must be watered at euenings in hot weather with coole water and sometimes with water mingled with the lees of wine especially when it withereth and beginneth to fall away as also to remedie it when it is in danger of fainting and drying you must lop it and cut away all the boughes as is wont to be done with Willowes when they are headed for by that means they become lustie and frolike and to haue as manie boughes as they had before It must also be sâ—ayed vpon some Pole or Willow because his roots be verie tender small and not creeping farre into the earth likewise we see that the Peach-tree doth grow old and fall away incontinently It beareth a diuers fruit as well in colour and tast as in substance and this diuersitie commeth for the most part of the ground but principally of the husbanding of them And that it is thus the Peach-trees that are planted or grafted vpon Vines bring forth Peaches of a better tast and more solide substance the Peach-tree grafted vpon a Mulberrie-tree bringeth forth Peaches that haue red flesh the Peach-tree grafted vpon a Nut-tree doth beare Peaches with huskes like Nuts whose tree is but small and hath leaues like vnto the Almond-tree and a reddish flower It is true that such a tree may become such a one of it selfe as we see infinitely in France The Peach-tree grafted vpon an Almond-tree beareth Peaches which haue a kernell like vnto the Almond but the rind and the flesh like vnto the Peach There may as much be said of Abricots called of the Latines Praeocia or Armeniaca of Spanish Peaches Medlar-tree bastard Peach-tree and small Peaches which are kinds of trees agreeing much with the Peach all which are verie tender in frost especially the grafted Abricot-tree and it continueth not past halfe the time of the Peach-tree all of them are subiect to be spoyled of the cold snowes frosts and fogges which happen after that they are blossomed but to keepe them from these dangers it will be good to graft them vpon the Quince-tree or Almond-tree all of them will beare great fruit if when they blossome they be watered with Goats milke Concerning the particular vertues of the Peach-tree see more aboue in the nineteenâ—â— Chapter of this Booke The flowers of the Peach-tree are
excellent good against melancholie and the wormes if you make syrrups thereof of seuen or eight infusions to be taken fasting The gumme of the Peach-tree is taken with good successe in the spetting of bloud with the water of Plantaine or Purcelane for the cough and difficultie of breathing with Hydromel or the decoction of Folefoot for the grauell and stone with the 〈◊〉 of Radishes Citrons or white Wine the weight of two drammes The leaues stamped and applyed vnto the belly doe kill wormes the iuice thereof dropt into the 〈◊〉 doth the like the kernels eaten take away the wringings of the belly eaten to the number of six or seuen in the beginning of meat they preuent drunkennesse 〈◊〉 and boyled in vineger to the forme of a broth and after rubbed in place conâ—enient they hinder the falling of the haire stamped and made in forme of milke with the water of Veruaine and â—ubd about the browes and temples they cease the head-ach the oyle made by expression ceaseth the paines of the eares and 〈◊〉 the Collicke and Sciatica He that hath regard of his health must not vse these fruits but as sparingly as he can possibly and fasting rather than otherwise because they corrupt easily in the stomacke but aboue all things they may not be eaten dipped or steeped in wine because wine correcteth them not as some thinke but rather causeth that their 〈◊〉 pierceth the more suddainely and easily into the veines The Peaches of Corbeilâ—â—â— counted for the best hauing a drie and solide pulpe and somewhat red not sticking or cleauing anie thing vnto the kernell The Romanes made great accounâ— of the Peaches which they called Persica Duracina as doe also the Brittons The least dangerous least subiect to be corrupted and most pleasant are the Abricots which also some haue left out of the number of the kinds of Peaches and placed amongst the Plums as well because of their pleasant smell as for their harmelesnesse and 〈◊〉 both within and without they doe rather resemble the Plum than the Peach The oyle pressed out of their kernell is maruellous good against the Hemâ—â—â—◠〈◊〉 and swelling of vlcers and is also vsed as a remedie against the impediments of the speech and paine of the eares CHAP. XXIII Of the small Nut-tree or Hasel-tree THe Hasel-tree which is called the small Nut-tree of the small fruit which it beareth or the Filberd-tree of the great fruit that it beareth groweth in anie aire or ground but it best delighteth in a leane ground that is sandie and moist neere vnto waters or in places that men vse to water because this helpeth them as well in the bringing forth of their fruit in great store as for to make them endure long adde hereto that they put forth and spring in such sort at the root as that thereof one may set as manie as he will in other places When they are sowne they must be put two fingers vnder ground but indeed they grow better of a plant that hath root or of a shoot cut by as and hauing old and new wood as we haue alreadie declared in the sixt chapter They are planted in October and Nouember in a warme and temperate place or in Februarie and March and it is better to leaue vpon them some boughes when they are set than to set them of one single rod for so they beare the more fruit They must yearely be digged anew at the Spring neere vnto the foot and round about and their shoots all cut away without leaking anie standing saue three or foure for to plant and make thick bushie shadow and the same verie neat and cleane for height not leauing anie branch or bough after three or foure fadome from the top Wherefore if they be oft lopped picked and pruned they will grow the more streight compact and high and will beare better and fairer fruit but otherwise if a man neglect them they runne out all their nourishment into wood and leaues without fruit Their fruit is called the small Nut or Filberd The Filberd of hot Countries where such trees are called Filberd-trees is more round and fleshie than the French small Nut and it is a fruit verie easily dried and made yellow But and if you would keepe it fresh and white almost all the yeare long shut it vp close in an earthen pot and set them in the earth and when it is thus kept it bringeth not so much annoyance with it as otherwise it would for it naturally procureth drowsie headach and inflammation of the stomacke I know not by what obseruation of our ancestors this speech hath growne common amongst the people That the yeare which yeeldeth plentie of Nuts doth also yeeld manie mariages Both the little Nut-tree as also his fruit haue a certaine contrarie vertue against venimous beasts for if you hang a cluster of small Nuts in anie part of the house no Scorpion or venimous beast will enter thereinto but slie away presently The Countrey people haue likewise marked in all ages that the Serpent Lizard or other venimous beast dieth presently hauing beene stricken with a branch staffe or rod of the Hasel-tree And it is no maruell seeing Nut kernels eaten with Figges and Rue doe resist venime and the biting of venimous beasts The best small Nuts and Filberds and those which haue red shells and which are hardly broken The raw shell finely powdred and drunke with water of Carduus Benedictus doth heale the pleurisie in the beginning thereof being drunke to the quantitie of two drammes with red wine it stayeth the flux of the belly and the whites It is true that for the flux of the belly and whites â—he red part of the kernell which sticketh vnto the shell within is a great deale better and more forcible The Filberd nourisheth a great deale better than the Nut as being â— closer but not so fat a substance CHAP. XXIIII Of the Cherrie-tree sweet Cherrie-tree bitter Cherrie-tree and the hart Cherrie-tree IT is apparant that common Cherrie-trees sweet Cherrie-trees bitter Cherrie-trees and hart Cherrie-trees are sorts of trees agreeing in manie things for they all delight to grow in a cold and moist ground or else altogether indifferent betwixt hot and cold for a hot ayre they 〈◊〉 hardly endure and so likewise they refuse to haue anie dung because it ouer-heatech them and is contrarie vnto them and for this cause they must neuer be planted in a manured ground Notwithstanding if you so temper the dung as that it may not be ouer-hot for them it cannot â—urt them to be dunged no more than as wee will shew by and by to haue vnquench◠〈◊〉 laid to their feet to hasâ—en their fruit but this is true that if you dung them yearely that then you shall not haue them of anie loâ—g continuance They delight rather to haue their roots compassed with small branches and the broken parts of their owne siences or small lumpes and gobbets cut from their owne
the Apple-tree will not hold and beare his fruit 〈◊〉 it be ripe compasse the stocke of the Apple-tree a good foot from the roots vpâ—ard about with a ring of a lead before it begin to blossome and when the apples shall begin to grow great then take it away Apples must be gathered when the moone is at the full in faire weather and about the fifteenth of September and that by hand without any pole or pealing downe because otherwise the fruit would be much martred and the young siences broken or bruised and so the Apple-tree by that meanes should be spoyled of his young vvood which would cause the losse of the Tree See more of the manner of gathering of them in the Chapter next following of the Peare-tree and as for the 〈◊〉 of keeping of them it must be in such sort as is deliuered hereafter You shall 〈◊〉 frozen Apples if you dip them in cold water and so restore them to their naturall goodnesse There is a kind of wild Apple called a Choake-apple because they are verie harsh in eating and these will serue well for hogges to eat Of these apples likewise you may make verjuice if you presse them in a Cyder-presse or if you squeese them vnder a verjuice milstone Vinegar is also made after this manner You must cut these Apples into gobbâ—â—â— and leaue them in their peeces for the space of three dayes then afterward cast them into a barrell with sufficient quantitie of raine water or fountaine water and after that stop the vessell and so let it stand thirtie daies without touching of it And then at the terme of those daies you shall draw out vinegar and put into them againe as much water as you haue drawne out vinegar There is likewise made with this sort of Apples a kind of drinke called of the Picardines Piquette and this they vse in steed of Wine Of others sorts of Apples there is likewise drinke made which is called Cyder as we shall declare hereafter An Apple cast into a hogshead full of Wine if it swim it sheweth that the Wine is neat but and if it sinke to the bottome it shewes that there is Water mixt with the Wine Infinit are the sorts and so the names of Apples comming as well of natures owne accord without the helpe of man as of the skill of man not being of the race of the former in euerie one of which there is found some speciall qualitie which others haue not but the best of all the rest is the short shanked apple which is marked with spottings as tasting and smelling more excellently than any of all the other sorts And the smell of it is so excellent as that in the time of the plague there is nothing better to cast vpon the coales and to make sweet perfumes of than the rinde thereof The short stalked Apple hath yet further more one notable qualitie for the kernells being taken out of it and the place filled vp with Frankincense and the hole joyned and fast closed together and so rosâ—ed vnder hot embers as that it burne not bringeth an after medicine or remedie to serue when all other fayle to such as are sicke of a pleurisie they hauing it giuen to eat sweet apples doe much good against melancholicke affects and diseases but especially against the 〈◊〉 for if you roast a sweet apple vnder the ashes and season it with the juice of licoâ—ice starch and sugar and after giue it to eat euening and morning two houres before meat vnto one sicke of the pleurisie you shall helpe him exceedingly CHAP. XXIX Of the Peare-tree BVt the Peare-tree being the most in request and precious next vnto the Apple-tree amongst all the fruit-trees that are is ordered for the most part after the manner of the Apple-tree although the vvood and fruit of the one be more firme than that of the other and that the Peare-tree bring forth his fruit late as not before the end of Autumne vvhen as all the great heat is alreadie past notwithstanding you shall set it in the same ground with the Apple-tree and in the first foure or fiue yeares of his grouth you shall lay it open at the foot a litte before the end of December vncouering it euen vnto the rootâ—â— which you shall shaue and trim with a knife bowed againe and in the end of Iaâ—â—arie you shall couer it againe with his owne earth mingled with good made mould keeping from thence forward his place well weeded the foot verie neat and cleane and the stocke verie well freed from intanglements of boughes so farre as the hand can doe it and throughout verie carefully cleansed from mosse snailes and caterpillers husbanding and ordering the earth at the foot of it euerie two yeares at the beginning of Winter for the fruit which the Peare-tree thus husbanded shall beare will be both more faire and better relished and keepe longer The Peare-tree that is planted in a leane drie chalkie or grauelly ground is but of a starued growth bearing a sharpe small and ordinarily a stonie fruit The kernels are sowne in the Nurcerie as those of the Appletree but the hoped fruit is long in comming and scarce attained throughout the whole life of a man for it is farre longer time in comming to perfection than the Apple-tree It groweth also of a branch well chosen and he that will haue it so grow must plant it in September and October in hot Countries but in cold Countries in Februarie and March and in temperate Countries it may be done in either of the two times as it shall best please him But the Peare-tree that is most sure and likeliest to bring contentment of it selfe is that which is grafted vpon the young plant in the Nurcerie and in such curious sort maintained and ordered as hath beene said as also if it be remoued some three yeares after affoording it a large and deepe roome in a good mouldring earth It may also be grafted in a Peach-tree Quince-tree and Almond-tree but yet better vpon it selfe than vpon anie of these for so it becommeth of a better nature It is knowne by proofe that the Peare-tree grafted vpon a Mulberrie-tree bringeth forth red Peares and if it happen that your Peare-tree bring forth a stonie Peare you must remoue the earth from the foot and powre in vpon the rootes euerie day for the space of fifteene daies the lees of good old wine Peares must not be gathered before the later end of Autumne when the great heat of the yeare is past because their moisture being weake and in small quantitie the Sunne suffereth not that it should come vnto anie good consistence before such time as the ayre begin to turne and change into coldnesse and therefore saith Theophraâ—â—us this is the onely fruit-tree that ripeneth his fruit best and soonest in the shadow Such gathering of Peares also must not be taken in hand but after that the Autumnall blasting and dew
admit vnder foureteene or fiâ—teene feet distance one from another in euerie row but and if you will onely plant two rowes vpon the sides of your garden alleyes then they need not aboue six foot distance square but you must looke that this proportion or whatsoeuer other that you sâ—t downe to your selfe doe â—ustly answere the proportion of the length of the place intended to be planted Sweet Cherriâ—-trees and bitter Cherrie-trees doe looke to haue allowance of distance betwixt tenne and twelue foot but and if they be to be planted vpon the sides of the great alley of your garden then it will suffice to allow them betwixt nine and tenne The lesser trees as Cherrie-trees Quince-trees Figge-trees Hasel Nut-trees and such like are sufficiently allowed if they be set distant betwixt eight and nine foot in your greene Grasse-plot or Orchard and betwixt fiue and six in Alleyes and Garden rowes When you would plant two rowes eiâ—her of them of seuerall kinds of trees then set the lesser on that side that the Sunne falleth first vpon that so the shadow of the greater may not disaduantage them CHAP. XLV Other precepts about the planting of Fruit-trees IF you plant Peare-trees and Plum-trees one with another it will be better to set the Plum-trees towards the Sunne for Peare-trees doe better endure the want and with holding of the same When you shall take vp a tree to plant it elsewhere take a great circle â—ound about the foot and rayse together with the root as much of the earth cleauing â—hereunto as you can for besides that thus the roots doe not loose their bed they find themselues otherwise also infinitely better contented when they carrie with them the earth alreadâ—e reclaimed and familiar vnto them than and if they should be constraiâ—ed in their new lodging to stoupe and conforme themselues to the earth which they â—hould there find For as for watering of the roots in pulling of them vp to the rayâ—ing vp of the more earth therewithall it is as good as nothing but rather doth much â—urt because that this wet earth being within the new hole becommeth stiffe and â—ard which cannot but greatly offend the roots of the tree remoued for the verie â—emoue doth astonish and blur them so as that it maketh the points of their roots as 〈◊〉 were blunt and to haue their mouths stopt so as that they can neither draw vnto â—hem or else goe forward themselues so that if they find not the earth of their new â—odging so light and crumly as that they may pierce it without straining of themâ—elues and conâ—ey themselues anie way either the tree continueth long without taâ—ing or else it dieth right out For the auoiding of which discommoditie you must â—ot either wet the new hole neither yet the tree in remouing of it nor so much as reâ—oue it in a drisâ—ing time and it is ynough that the hole hath continued open before â—or the space of fifteene or twentie daies and hath drunke in of the dew and wet of â—he night Of one thing you must take good heed that you giue it his iust quarters â—f North South East and West as it had before and that if you take it vp from a â—laine ground that then you bestow it in a plaine ground againe and if you remoue 〈◊〉 from a hillie place into the like or otherwise into a plaine then you must look that â—he seat wherein you set it in be desended in like manner from the winds both below â—nd on high as it was in his first You must not plant the treeâ— that haue beene browsed by cattell or haue had their 〈◊〉 broken off for they grow not so well except you thinke it good to cut off the end of their tops and head to see if that thereupon they will take and grow againe You may plant trees also without roots if they haue great piths as the Figge-tree â—ame Mulberrie-tree Hasel-trees and other such like And as for the Pits wherein you meane to plane trees you must make them six foot deepe in clayie places but not so much in moist places you must likewise make them roomethie and wide ynough for though the tree that you shall plant should haue but small roots yet you must make it wide that so there may store of good eâ—rth be cast in round about the root And if the bottome of the earth where you make the pits be too soâ—t then helpe it by putting to it some drie earth or else stay till it hardeâ— and breath out his moisture On the contrarie if it be too drie or hard and hoâ—â—ie dung it and moisten it with water letting it drinke in of the same well and sufficieâ—â—ly not that you should make it like a poole but sprinkled or bedewed with water therewith to coole it Againe it is meet that if your tree be old gathered that they be watered and steeped at the foot two or three daies If any of the roots of your trees proue too long or to haue their barke hurt then you must cut them off byas and 〈◊〉 the side that is most vnfurnisht be vnder when the tree shal be planted for there will small roots come forth round about the cut It is a generall rule that before the remouing of anie manner of tree whatsoeuer and especially if it be a tree growne vp of kernels if it be growne thicke for to 〈◊〉 off the branches of it first and to leaue nothing on it except such sprigs as are not aboue a fingers length or somewhat more or lesse according as the tree doth require and this is it which some vtter in a prouerbe That he that will plant his father must cut off his head but as for small trees which haue but some one small wand or roâ— put out of them there is no need that such should be cut vp on high when they be remoued The stocks of the Nurserie which you intend to graft must be verie well 〈◊〉 forth into branches before they be remoued as we haue said before And when you shall set downe your trees in their pits you must free their roots from being intangled one with another as much as you can and make them all 〈◊〉 draw downeward not suffering anie one of them to turne their ends vpward and 〈◊〉 is not needfull that they should be set so deepe into the earth for it is ynough that the roots be laid in so deepe as that the earth may couer them halfe a foot or thereabaâ—â— if the place be not verie scorching and stonie and you must not fill vp your pit 〈◊〉 leaue a hollow round about the tree with some open passage or conduit that so the raine water staying there may be conueyed vnto the roots of the tree When your trees shall be spread in the pits and the roots thereof orderly layd 〈◊〉 large weigh downe vpon them easily with your
which they set these fruits and couer them afterward vvith a bed of straw laying againe another bed of apples thereupon and couering the same as before they continue thâ—â— vntill the vesâ—ell be full vvhich then they take out of the earth againe and sâ—op it â—uerie where close that so there may no ayre get in thereat The Normans lay them vpâ—n heapes minding to make their Cider thereof In the countrie of Orleans and Touraine they vse to drie them in ouens for Winter and Spring time banquets But the ordinarie and safest manner of keeping of apples is after they are got and pickâ— and the bruised ones put from the rest to spread straw verie thin or lay maâ—s vpon â— boarded floore for the earth floore is too moist and the plaster floore too cold and then spread your apples vpon the same so as they may lye close one by another but not one vpon another and when extreame frost or verie hard weather shall come you shall lay the like layre of straw or the like quantitie of mats aboue them as you laid beneath them and as soone as the frost breaketh vp you shall with a drie cloth rub all moisture from them and where you find any one tainted presently cast it out for else they will soone corrupt one another Now as soone as Februarie is past you shall take away your straw or mats both from aboue and vnderneath them and lay your apples vpon the plaine boards but yet in such sort that they may not touch one another and thus you shall keepe apples all the yeare safe both from rotting vvithering or vvrinkling of their skinnes Medlars are kept in small pitcht vessells or put in pots amongst grapes Oliues are preserued in salt brine or in a composition of honie vinegar and salt some adde thereunto penniroyall mints anise and masticke-tree-leaues othersome the leaues of the bay-tree and others the berries of the bay-tree Peares will keepe a long time if their tailes be pitched ouer and so hanged vp Others put peares into a new earthen pot and powre into them cuted Wine or wine from the presse or common vvine as it is meet to be drunke vntill the vessell be full Others keepe peares couered with file-dust or with the saw-dust of wood some put them amongst the drie leaues of the Walnut-tree or else in an earthen vessell which is scarce baked and powre in thereinto wine able to be drunke and the new prest liquor of grapes and stopping vp the vessell well and close doe so keepe it Some lay them in pits in a place neere vvhereunto there passeth a running water And some diuide into quarters the Eusebian rhodine and bell-fashioned peares and taking their kernels out of them drie them in the Sunne that so they may haue them good in the Spring time Mulberries that are close stopt vp in a glasse vessell doe keepe verie long so that therewithall they haue powred vpon them some of their owne juice Citrons and Oranges are kept in some caue vnder the earth separate one from another or in salt brine made of verjuice or verjuice without salt or in maner of a preserue with salt as the oliues are kept Peaches are kept in salt brine or in sweet vinegar or else their stones being taken away they are dried in the Sunne after the manner of figges Some doe preserue them with honie Ceruises are preserued in sweet Wine or else vvhen they be gathered the hardest are taken and set to soften in vessels of earth full or almost ful couered ouer afterward with plaster and set in a pit a foot depth in a drie place and in the face of the Sun and after couered with earth You may likewise cut them in peeces in the middest and afterward lay them in the Sunne to drie Damaske-plums shall be put in vessells and cast vpon them new or sweet Wine stopping the vessells verie diligently and close Or if you lay them betweene mulberrie-leaues or vine-leaues one leare aboue another in a close box made for the purpose they will not onely keepe a long time but also you may in that sort carrie them without bruising more than an hundred miles in this sort also you may keepe or carrie Nertarines Abricots Peaches Figs Mulberries or any fruit of the like nature as for your grapes there is no readier or better way to keepe them long than to hang them vpon strings ouer the mantell-tree of a chimney or where they may receiue a moderate warmth from the fire for nothing so soone as cold doth make them rot or putrifie and therefore you must by no meanes so farre as you can chuse suffer your grapes to take any frosts nay hardly the cold dewes CHAP. XLIX A briefe discourse of making of drinkes of the iuices of Fruits IN such Countries as the vine cannot beare fruit in because of the cold distemperature and churlish roughnesse of the aire and whereas notwithstanding there grow singular good fruits and in great aboundance in recompence of the same as in Britaine Normandie the countrie of Mans Chartraine and Touraine although there be the meanes to make Wine of a certaine kind of corne called Bier yet by reason of the lesse cost and charges as also by reason of the greater profit they vse to make diuers sorts of drinkes of fruits and to giue them their seuerall and particular names from the seueral and particular fruits whereof they are made As for example â—hat which is made of apples cider or citer and so the Normans and other countries bordering thereupon doe call it as hauing a smell or other excellent qualitie resembling the citron Perrie which is pressed out of the Peares and ceruise Wine quince Wine pomegranat Wine mulberrie Wine gooseberrie Wine and sloâ— Wine vvhich are made of the juices of these fruits pressed out And hereof vve are to obserue that all fruits are not fit to make Wine of but onely those vvhich vvill not putrifie easily and haue great quantitie of Wine juice vvithin them of vvhich kind these are vvhereof I haue now spoken For of cherries there is not any Wine to be pressed because their juice doth easily corrupt and putrifie verie quickly neither yet of Almonds Common nuts Filberds Pine nuts or other such fruits for they yeeld an oylie and not a Wine-like humour But for as much as we are not determined to speake in this place of all these sorts of fruit drinkes but onely of them vvhich are called cider perrie and carasie vvhich next vnto the juice of the vine are the most profitable and necessarie liquor for the life and health of man vve vvill set downe before hand a certaine summarie and as it vvere a transition and plaine declaration of and vnto as well the making as also of and vnto the qualities and vertues of the said cider perrie and carasie and will referre the Reader vnto the Latine Booke now long agoe looked for
Ciders the best and most wholesome are those which are made of these Apples the Heroâ—t sweet Kennet Curtaine and Rangelet because these Applâ—s are verie sweet of a golden colour good smell and long lasting Sowre Cider whether it were made such by reason of the sowrenesse of the Apples or become such by reason of the space of time in as much as it is verie waâ—rie and somewhat earthie as also verie subtill and piercing and yet therewithall somewhat astringent and corroboratiue becommeth singular good to coole a hot liuer and stomacke and to temper the heat of boyling and cholericke bloud to stay choler and adust vomiting to asswage thirst to cut and make thinne grosse and slimie humors whether hot or cold but chiefely the hot Such drinke falleth out to be verie good and conuenient and to serue well in place of wine for such as haue anie Ague for such as are subiect to a hot liuer and hot bloud for such as are scabbed or itchie for such as are rheumaticke vpon occasion of hot humors and it needeth not that it should be tempered with water Of sowre Ciders those are the most wholesome which are made of sharpe sowre Apples as of Rundockes Ramburs and sowre Kennets The Cider that is harsh and rough in as much as it is verie cold and drie is not good but after a long time as namely not before that it haue lost his harshnesse changing this his great coldnesse and drinesse into a meane and middle coldnesse accompanied with some moisture drawing thereby neere vnto some kind of sweetnesse or tart and pleasant sharpenesse as we see it come to passe in fruits which yet whiles they are not ripe haue a certaine kind of harshnesse in them but comming to be ripe change by little and little their harshnesse into an eager tartnesse and after into a pleasant sweetnesse Wherefore such Ciders would not be drunke till of a long while after they be made or if that great necessitie should compell then to allay them with a sufficient quantitie of water for otherwise they would but cause costiâ—enesse the strangurie shortnesse of breath and an infinite number of obstructions yea they would procure manifold crudities in the stomacke guts and principall veines yea they would ouerthrow a weake stomacke beget a grosse cold and flegmaticke bloud in the liuer send vp manie thicke vapours vnto the braine which would offend the head and hurt the sinewes and ioints but it is as true that they 〈◊〉 this commoditie with them as to comfort the languishing stomacke the quâ—asie stomacke and that which hath altogether lost his appetite such as commonly beâ—ideth women hauing newly conceiued and strange appetites for which this Cider is verie fit and conuenient as also to stay excessiue vomiting all sorts of fluxes of the belly all distillations also falling downe vpon the ioints it quieteth the beating of the heart and cutteth off faintings it helpeth digestion drunke at the end of meat so that as we haue said it be allayed with a little water to diminish and reforme the heauinesse and slownesse to pierce and passe away which is in it following the counsell of Galen who teacheth three manner of waies to vse sowre and binding Apples and Peares without aniâ— preiudicing of the health the first way being to boile them in 〈◊〉 that so they may get more moistnesse and softnesse the second to set them in the breath and vapour of boyling water to moisten and ripen them and the third being to cut them in the middest and to take away their core and in place thereof to put honey or sugar and then afterward to roast them amongst the hot ashes These kinds of Ciders are made principally of the Apples called small Ruddocke of wild Apples not grafted nor husbanded of Apple Bequet Rellet and such other hauing their coats diuersly spotted Ciders without all tast become such by reason of their great waterishnesse and are easily corrupted and that not onely in their vessels but also being drunken and vsed for drinke and therefore there is no reckoning to be made of such As concerâ—ing Ciders hauing seuerall tasts as â—ager and sweet harsh and sweet or anie such other medley the eager sweet are much better and more wholsome than the harsh sweet because they are not onely more pleasant but also more speedily passing piercing and cutting than the other which by reason of their harshnesse ioyned with some sweetnesse and causing a thicknesse and heauinesse in them abide and stay long about the principall parts where they may cause crudities and manie obstructions As for the age and lasting of Ciders such as are new made and continue as yet troubled not being fined are not wholesome and cannot be drunke without 〈◊〉 vnto the stomacke without head-ach and an infinite companie of obstructions and other accidents tedious to the health For such as are verie sowre and begin apace to turne tart and eager they are not lesse hurtfull than the former and therefore they must not be vsed but when they are well fined and in their middleage as wee see it obserued in wine As concerning the compounding of them those are the best most wholesome and easiest to be digested which are made of verie ripe Apples gathered in due time and not ouer-long kept which are likewise made of one onely kind of Apples or else of manie kinds but either agreeing in tast or else being of a a diuers tast yet are such as may be tempered together and make a more pleasant tast than if they were alone and seuerall as for example if one should mingle amongst sweet Apples such as were eager and sharpe such a medley would make a farre more pleasant Cider and more profitable than if either of the said sorts were alone The Cider likewise that is made of Apples onely is better than that which is made of Apples and Peares stamped and pressed together better in like manner and more wholesome are those which are made without water than that which is made with water seeing water maketh it to lose his naturall tast maketh it sowre and corrupt and that it will not last or endure long wherefore it is better not to mix any water at all with it when you make any but rather at the time of drinking of it to dilay it and powre in 〈◊〉 water if necessitie require it and according as there shall be any of the occasions 〈◊〉 mentioned The worst of the Ciders is that which is made of wild Apples stampt and cast into a vessell with fountaine water in sufficient quantitie and yet worse than this is that which is made of the drosâ—e remaining of the first pressing as that also which is only cast into a vessell with sufficient quantitie of water Wherefore seeing that Ciders how pleasant and excellent soeuer they be affoord no such nourishment vnto the bodie as is verie profitable for them as we will handle more at large hereafter
hee thaâ— will be carefull of his health shall vse none but the best Ciders Wee will speakeâ—â— gaine of the faculties of Cider in the sixt Booke in the same place where wee 〈◊〉 speake of the faculties of Wine How Perrie is made PErrie is made of diuers sorts of Peares sometimes of rough harsh sowre and wild ones neuer husbanded planted grafted or otherwise hauing had anie labour or paines taken with them such Perrie will keepe long euen three or foâ—re yeares and be better at the end than at the beginning Sometimes of Garden â—ender and delicate Peares such as are the Eusebian and the Marie Peare the 〈◊〉 Hasting Rimolt Mollart Greening butter Peare the laques du four Peare the little the Conie Peare the perplexed Peare the Alablaster Peare the two-headed Peare the dew Peare and the wood of Hierusalem and such Perrie is pleasant for a certaine time but after it is once come to be fiue moneths old it becommeth void of all tast and dead The best and most excellent Perrie is made of little yellow waxe Peares and such as haue beene throughly dresâ—ed and husbanded as the little muske Peare the two-headed Peare the Peare Robart the fine gold Peare Bargamoâ— Tahoâ— Sqâ—â—e and such other Peares which haue a â—ast and solide â—lesh and hard coat The Aâ—iot Peare is commended aboue all the rest whereof likewise is made the Perrie called waxen Perrie because it resembleth the colour of waxe but which otherwise is called Carâ—sie very pleasant and delightsome but notwithstanding indifferent hard and not so easie to be corrupted as the later some doe also sometimeâ— mingle diuers sorts of Peares together to make Perrie of But of what sort of Peares soeuer the Perrie is made the Peare-trees must be carefully and diligently husbanded and ordered according to our former deliuered precepts in what ground soeuer that the Peare-trees grow as whether it be in Orchard Garden arable ground or other such like so that the said ground be such and so well seasoned as is requisite to bring â—orth Peares in aboundance and such as be good Peares must be gathered to make Perrie of some before Apples and some after with â—udgels or poles some when they are ripe as the Amiot the Tahou and the Squire and to breake and grind the same with a turning Mill-stone so â—oone as they be gathered in such manner as hath beene said of Apples Othersome must be gathered before they be ripe as the Peares of Grosmeuill and others which haue a hard flesh rough cote and are heauie as those which by reason of their hardnesse and heauinesse cannot ripen well vpon the tree Such as these are not to be employed to make Perrie of till they haue layne to ripen and mellow that so they may become the tendrer and softer to get the greater quantitie of iuice out of them Whether they be Peares to be gathered early or late pressed they must be and the like implements and meanes vsed about them in making the Perrie that were vsed in the making of Cider for after the same manner must you proceed in sometimes mingling water with it when there is need as also in the manner of the vsing of it in the working boyling and purging of it in the tunning of it vp into vessels in appointing it a place to be kept in in the gouerning of it and such other necessarie care for the defending of it from all thâ—ngs that might hurt it and that it is subiect vnto euen in as great measure or rather greater than you vsed about Cider especially in respect of the cold and frost which Perrie cannot in anie sort endure insomuch as that all Winter long you must keepe the windows of the cellar or caue vnder ground where it lyeth close shut and well stopped with straw or some such other thing to driue away the cold besides that Perrie is not so good for keeping as Cider is except it be the Carisie or that which is made of the Peare Grosmeuill or such other Peares as haue a hard flesh and skinne the Perrie whereof may be kept two yeares vndrawne and after they be pierced or drawne of six weekes foreseene they be will ordered and gouerned Perrie maketh as great yea greater setling then Cider whereof you must â—ree the vessell presently after the Perrie is drawne forth for otherwise there will breed an infinite number of wormes in the vessell which will infect it The good house-holders doe make a sort of Perrie for the household of the drosse of the Peares comming from pressing and that by casting of them into some vessell with suâ—â—icient quantitie of fountaine water Some others cast away the said drosse as a thing altogether vnprofitable In all other things Perrie is to be ordered after the â—anner of Cider The faculties and qualities of Perrie must be considered of and weighed in such manner as we haue said of Cider that is by his tast age and making The tast of the Perrie dependeth for the most part of the rellish of the Peares out of which it is pressed and those are either sweet or sowre or harsh or of mixt tasts or else altogether without tast according to which rellishes you are to find out the vertues and qualities of Perrie following such forme and manner as we haue largely laid downe in the handling of Cider It is true that to speake particularly of the good qualities of Perries the most wholesome profitable and of best iuice are thoâ—e which are made of the Peares called the waxen Peares the same being pressed out in the Summer time and foreseene also that it be drunken so soone as it is fined because it is not to be kept being a verie delicate and tender iuice and therefore apt to corrupt easily and verie soone Next vnto this in goodnesse is the Perrie made of Peare Robart and Muscadel Peares prouided that they be drunken also so soone as they be well fined and their lees setled but then also they must be drunke with water and but in a reasonable and meane quantitie for otherwise by the piercing smell and subtilnesse thereof it causeth great paine of the head oftentimes The Perrie called Carisie or made of the Kersey Peare though it be one of the best and most excellent and of those which are last pressed is yet to be drunke after it is well fined in a mediocritie and allayed with water to represse the fuming smell of the same which easily would take hold of the braine There is no cause why you should greatly esteeme in respect of your health of the Perries which are pressed out of wild Peares and all such as are vnhusbanded vntamed of a sharpe tast fat reddish or of those which are pressed 〈◊〉 of diuers sorts of Peares not agreeing together either in tast or otherwise neither yet of such as are made of Apples and Peares mingled and pressed together as neither of that Perrie which is newly put vp into the
Thyme wild Thyme Anniseed or the ribbes and boughes of Fennell and thus you may keepe them a long time To preserue Oliues lay white Oliues to steepe six daies in a vessell of Sea-water and vpon them powre the iuice of Grapes as it commeth from the presse but fill not the vessell too full to the end that the sweet wine when it shall boile doe not shed ouer and when it hath boiled you must stop the vessell Some doe put a handfull of salt in first and after it the Must of new wine and last the Oliues and when the new â—ine hath boiled they stop vp the vessell Otherwise drie them in the shadow in a place that is open for the wind to enter then put them vp in an earthen vessell filled with honey mixing therewithall some Spices Filberds or small Hasel-Nuts may be preserued two seuerall waies that is to say either in the shell or without by the kernell onely To preserue them in the shell and to haue them verie full large and pleasant in tast you shall take a large earthen pot as wide in the bottome as at the mouth and then first lay therein a pretie thicke layre of Nuts and then strew vpon them a handfull of Bay salt then lay another layre of Nuts and an handfull of Bay salt and thus doe layre vpon layre till you haue filled the pot vp to the top then couer it with leather parchment exceeding close which done lay a smooth stone on the top of it and then dig a hole in the earth in some drie vault or cellar and set the pot therein and couer it all ouer with the earth and this wil keepe them all the yeare or diuers yeares in as good strength fulnesse and sweetnesse as if they were but newly gotten from the trees Some vse only to burie these pots thus filled in red or yellow sand and some vse not to burie them at all but to keepe them in a low coole and moist vault and surely anie will doe will but the first is the best and maketh them most full and to haue the pleasantest rellish But if you would preserue them without the shels in the kernels only then you shall open them and pick off the vpper red hull or skin and in all points doe to them as was taught you before for the Walnut To make Quince-cakes thin and as it were almost transparent you shall take your Quinces and pare them and cut them in slices from the chore then take weight for weight of refined sugar beaten and well searced and onely moistened with Damaske Rosewater and in it boile your Quinces till it be thick and then take it forth and drie it vpon a flat place-dish ouerasoft fire not leauing to stirre it with a spoone or slice till it be hard then put it into a stone-mortar and beat it very well and if you find that it wanteth sugar then as you beat it strew in more sugar till it haue the tast you desire then being come to a paste take it out of the mortar and rowle it forth into verie thin â—akes and so print it and in this manner you may make thin cakes of anie manner of fruit you please whatsoeuer If you will make your Pastes Cakes Marmalades Preserues or Conserues of diuers colours as red vvhite or betweene both you shall doe as followeth a first if you vvill haue your paste or marmalade red you shall take your Quinces Apples Peares Oranges or what other fruit you please and after you haue paâ—ed or riâ—ed them you shall cut them in halfes and chore such as are to be chored then take weight for weight of refined sugar and to euerie pound of sugar a quart of faire running water and boyle them in the same ouer a verie soft fire and turne them ouer many times and couer them verie close with a pewter-dish obseruing euer that the longer they are in boyling the better and more ruddie will the colour be then when they be soft take your knife and cut them crosse ouer the tops that the sirrop may pasâ—e through them and make the colour entire then take vp some of the sirrop and coole it vpon a sawcer and when you see it begin to be thick then breake your Quinces with a slice or a spoone as small as is possible then straine it and boxe it after you haue strewed sugar in the boxes or if you will haue it in paste or cakes then vse it as is before said of the Quince cakes and so mould it and roll it forth Now if you will haue it of a pure white colour you must in all points vse your Quinces Apples Peares Oranges or other fruit as is beforesaid onely you must take but to euerie pound of Sugar a pint of water and you must boile them as fast as is possible and not couer them at all but suffer the ayre to passe away as freely as may be Now if you will haue it of a carnation or more pale colour then you shall take a pint and a halfe of water to a pound of Sugar and a pound of Fruit and you shall so couer it with a Pewter dish that at one corner of the same a little of the ayre or smoake may pasâ—e away and no more and thus obserue that the more ayre you suffer to goe away the paler the colour will be and in this case you shall neyther suffer it to boile exceeding fast nor verie slow but of a temperate and indifferent manner If you will make artificiall Cinnamon stickes so like vnto the true Cinnamon it selfe that the one can hardly be iudged from the other and yet the counterfeit to be a most delicate and pleasant sweet meat and wholesome and soueraigne to be eaten you shall take an ounce of the best Cinnamon from which no water hath by anie meanes beene extracted and beat it into verie fine powder well fearced then take halfe a pound of refined Sugar also well beaten and searced and mixe them verie well together then take gumme Dragon the quantitie of a Hasel Nut and sâ—eepe it in Rose-water so as it may be thicke and verie glewie then with it temper the Cinnamon and Rose-water till you bring it to a fine paste then worke it out with your hand after that rowle it forth with your Rowling-Pinne then print it and lastly fold it vp in the same manner that you see a Cinnamon sticke is folded vp Now if where you dissolue your gumme Dragon you also dissolue with the same a graine or two of fat Muske and also twice as much Ambergreece it will be a great deale the better and adde more pleasantnesse and delicacie of smell vnto the stickes To make Conserue generally of anie fruit whatsoeuer you please either sweet or sowre you shall take the fruit you intend to make Conserue of and if it be stone fruit you shall take out the stones if other fruit take away
the space of two or three houres vvhen the oyle hath boyled and wasted one part of the moisture that was in it it will be conuenient to straine it through a strong strayner and thicke linnen cloth and after to put into it new Roses againe doing as you did before and that for three seuerall times in the end after it hath beene strayned some put into it as much water of the infusion or other Roses infused in water as there is Oyle then you shall set it in the Sunne for the space of fortie dayes which infusion may be seuered from the oyle afterward as the water wherewith the oyle was vvashed Notwithstanding it may be sufficient to take the infusion of the Roses in oyle onely vvithout the putting of other vvater in the infusion Some mingle now and then in the decoction of Roses a little vvine or juice of fresh Roses to keepe the oyle from burning or that in boyling it should not get any loathsome smell You must further note that some prepare and make two sorts of oyle of Roses one oyle of ripe oliues and roses all opened and spred vvhich are the better if they be red the other oyle it made of roses being yet in the bâ—d with the oyle of greene and vnripe oliues or if you haue not any of this oyle Omphacine you shall make it with common oyle and verjuice boyled together to the consumption of the juice This is more cooling astringent and repercussiue the other more digestiue dicussiue and anodine or assuaging of paynes Some there are which sometimes make this oyle or Roses without oyle of oliues putting red carnation or muske roses to putrifie in a vessell set in dung for one whole moneth being close couered And this kind of oyle is verie fragrant and sweet This manner of making of oyles may be followed in the compounding of oyles either cold or temperate and simple such as are the oyle of violets cammomile meliâ—â—te yellow or red violets of the leaues and flowers of dill lillies the yellow taken away of corneflag flowers of elder tree flowers white mulleine flowers jesamine flowers poppie flowers or of the leaues and heads of poppie of lettuse leaues and white water lillie flowers to the compounding of which oyles you must note that for want of oyle of greene oliues you may take the oyle of sweet almonds newly drawn or of â—â—â—berds if it haue beene first washt Oyle of Quinces Take whole Quinces with the rindes when they are verie ripe but cast away their kernells then stampe them and infuse them in oyle Omphatine in the Sunne fiue dayes or else in oyle washed as vve haue said before afterward boyle them with equall portion of the juice of Quinces in double vessell the space of foure houres renew the flesh and juice of Quinces three or foure times the old being made away set them in the Sunne againe and boyle them afterward strayne all and keepe it in a vessell for your vse you shall draw greater store of the juice of your Quinces if you crush them well and bruise them rather than if you cut them in peecâ—s Oyle of Masticke you must take oyle of Roses or oyle Omphacine or of Quinces three pound of good wine eight ounces of masticke powdred and put vnto the rest toward the end for it will not endure much boyling three ounces boyle them alltogether to the consumption of the vvine in stirring it oft to the end that the masticke may be melted and mixt with the oyle Oyle of the flowers of the Elder-tree Fill a glasse bottle full of vvashed oyle or oyle Omphacine put therein a sufficient quantitie of Elder-tree flowers set the bottle in the hot Sunne sixe dayes after that presse them out and put in others new continue this all the time of Sommer vvhiles the flowers of Elder-tree are in force this oyle is singular to comfort the sinews assuage the paine of the ioynts and to cleanse the skinne Oyle of S. Iohns-wort Infuse for three dayes the crops of S. Iohns-wort in verie fragrant Wine after that boyle all in a soft and gentle sort in Maries-bath and after this some small space strayne them out lightly infuse againe in the same Wine as many dayes as nights the like quantitie of the tops of S. Iohns-wort boyle them and straine them as before afterward put vnto the liquor of Venice-Turpentinâ— three ounces of old oyle sixe ounces of saffron a scruple mixe them and in the said Maries-bath boyle them vnto the consumption of the Wine you shall keepe that which remaineth in a glasse or lead vessell for to vse as hot as you can applie it in maligne vlcers especially those of the sinewes and in the leane and cold parts in the prickes of the sinews paine of the teeth conâ—ulsions tumours and distillations Some doe make this oyle after the simplest and singlest sort making onely the flowers of Hypericum vvhich they infuse all the Sommer in washt oyle in a glasse vessell and setting it in the hot Sunne keepe it Oyle of Rhue Take the leaues of Rhue somewhat dried because they are subject to a superâ—lous kind of moisture set them to infuse in oyle a whole Sommer Or better change and renew them euerie eight dayes strayning and pressing them out at euerie change Sommer being gone boyle them not but straine presse out and keepe them in a vessell after this manner are made the oyles of the Myrtle-tree Wormewood Marierom Southernwood Thyme Cammomile and such like vnto which there is sometimes added the like quantitie of juice or flowers or leaues mingled with oyle â—nd so they are set in the Sunne Oyle of Spike Take true Spike or for want of it lauander to the quantitie of three ounces of marierom and baye-tree leaues two ounces of the rooâ—s of Cypres Elicampaine and Zyloaloâ—â— of each an ounce and a halfe of nuâ—megs three ounces infuse euerie thing by it selfe in an equall quantitie of Wine and vvater the infusion accomplished boyle the whole together in a sufficient quantitie of oyle in a double vessell the space of foure or fiue houres this done strayne it all and keep the oyle for your vse that is to say for the cold ach of the stomacke reines bellie matrix and other parts Oyle of Foxes Take a liue Fox of a middle age of a full bodie well fed and fâ—â— such as Foxes be after vintage kill him bowell him and skinne him some take not out his bowells but onely the excrements in his guts because his guts haue much grease about them breake his bones small that so you may haue all their â—â—rrow this done set him a boyling in salt brine salt water and sea vvater of each a pine and a halfe of oyle three pints of salt three ounces in the end of the decoction put thereto the leaues of sage rosemarie dill organie marierom and Iuniper-berries after that he shall be roâ—ten sodden
a matter to trouble himselfe much withall and to be at much cost and charges therewith as many not well aduised men be now adaies but onely that he would take his time thereto at his best leasure and without any great expence or else to leaue the same to his wife or his farmers wife for indeed such occupation is farre better beseeming either of them than him for as much as the maistresâ—e or dairie-woman hath the pettie affaires and businesses belonging to this our countrie Farme and lying vvithin the doores resigned and put ouer to 〈◊〉 Therefore let it not seeme strange in this point if after our briefe intreatie of Oyles vve discourse somewhat briefely and according as a countrie thing requireth of the manner of distilling of vvaters and extracting of oylie quintessences out of such matter as our Countrie Farme shall affoord vvhich we would should serue for the vse of the Farmers vvife as well to relieue her folke withall as to succour her needie neighbours in the time of sicknesse as we see it to be the ordinarie custome of great Ladies Gentlewomen and Farmers vviues well and charitably disposed who distill waters and prepare oyntments and such other remedies to succour and relieâ—â— the poore CHAP. LIX What Distillation is and how manie sorts there be of Distillation I Will not trouble my selfe here with setting downe the partie which was the first inuentor of Distillation as namely whether it were some Physitian of late time who hauing a desire to eat stewed Peares set them a stewing betwixt two dishes vpon the fire and hauing afterward taken off the vpper dish and finding the bottome thereof all set with pearâ—â—e sweat retaining the smell and fauour of the stewed Peare it selfe inuented thereupon certaine instruments to draw out from all sorts of hearbes cleere and bright airie waters it is better that we see our selues to worke about the declaring of what Distillation is aâ—d what things they be which may be distilled Distillation or the manner of distilling is an art and meanes whereby is extracted the liquor or moisture of certaine things by the vertue and force of fire or such like heat as the things themselues doe require no otherwise than as we see here below that by the force and power of the Sunne manie vapours are lifted into the middle region of the ayre and there being turned into water fall downe in raine True it is that the word Distill sometimes reacheth further and is taken not onely for things that are distilled by the meanes of heat but without heat also as wee see it done in such things as are distilled after a strayning manner that is to say when the purer and thinner part of certaine waters or liquid iuices is separated and extracted from the more muddie and earthie part by the meanes of a Felt or by the meanes of a piece of Cloth fashioned like a little tongue or border or out of Sand and small Grauell or out of earthen Pots not yet baked or out of Vessels made of the wood of Iuie or out of Glasse made of Fearne Sometimes likewise things are not only distilled without heat but with cold as nemely when the things which you would haue distilled are set in cold and moist places as Oyle of Tarâ—ar is wont to be made as also Oyle of Myrrhe Dragons bloud Otters and other things But howsoeuer yet I would not haue the Mistresse of our Countrey House to busie her braine with all the sorts of Distillation but that she should content her selfe onely with that which is performed by heat True it is that it is meet and requisite that shee should know the diuersities of heat to the end she may procure such a heat as will best fit such matter and thing as shee is in hand withall or to goe about for some things craue the heat of a cleere fire or of coale or of the Sunne or of hot â—â—â—bers or of small sand or of the filings of yron or of the drosâ—e of Oliues others craue the heat of Horse dung or boiling water or the vapour of boiling water or of Wine boiling in the fat or of vnquencht Lime or of some Barke or other putrified thing And for this cause she shall marke and obserue foure degrees of heat the first whereof shall be called warme like water when it is halfe hot or the vapour of boiling water and in this there is no feare of anie hurt it can doe the second is a little hoter but yet so as that it may be well endured without anie annoyance or hurt such as the heat of ashes or embers the third is yet hoter than the second and so as that it may annoy and hurt one grieuously if hee should hold anie part or member therein anie long time such is the heat of small sand The fourth is so vehement as that it cannot without great paine very hardly be endured and such is the heat of the scales of filings of yron The first degree is fit to distill fine subtle and moist things as flowers and cold simples as Endiue Lettuce and such other The second for distilling of fine subtle and drie things of that sort are all fragrant or smelling things as Pepper Cinnamome Ginger Cloues and manie simples as Wormewood Sage c. The third for to distill matter that is of thicke substance and full of iuice of which sort are manie roots The fourth is proper for the distilling of mettals and minerall things as Allome Arsenicke c. By this meanes it will come to passe that the Mistresse of our Countrey House shall not haue anie thing brought vnto her out of which shee will not be able to draw the waterie humour and to distill cleere and bright waters CHAP. LX. Of the fit and conuenient time to distill in and of the faculties vertues and durablenesse of distilled waters EVerie thing is to be distilled in the time wherein it is best disposed and best fit that is to say rootes hearbes flowers and seedes when they are ripe but liuing things and the parts of them when they are of middle age as wee shall haue occasion to declare in his place Now as concerning the ripenesse of rootes hearbes flowers seedes and fruits we referre you to our second Booke where wee haue sufficiently at large laid open at what time euerie one of these things is to be gathered But it is to be noted that necessitie sometimes compelleth vs to distill drie plants and then it will be good to macerate and sâ—eepe them in some conuenient liquor or decoction answerable vnto the vertue of the thingâ— by that means in part to renew and bring againe their youthfulnesse and to endow them with such moisture as they brought with them when they were first gathered from off the earth as we will further declare by and by As concerning the vertues of distilled Waters it is most certaine that such as
are distilled in Maries bath retaining the cast smell and other qualities of the matter whereof they are distilled haue not onely equall vertues with the Planâ—â— and matter whereof they are distilled but become much more pleasant vnto the â—ast and also more delightsome vnto the eye than the iuices or decoctions of the said matter would be It is true that the waters distilled through Leaden Tinne Braâ—en Copper or such other like metâ—all like a Limbecke as we shall by and by speake of doe loose the best and most subtle parts of the substance of their matter by suffering the same to vanish away in and into the ayre and for that cause they doe not prouâ— of so great vertue as their Plants But howsoeuer it is distilled waters are a gâ—â—at deale more pleasant vnto sicke persons more readie for vse better for medicines for the eyes to make epithemes of for the heart and liuer to make painting colours of to put into perfumes or other sweet things as well for the vse of Physicke as also for the delight and decking of the bodie than the decoctions and iuices of Plants and therefore there is great reason they should be distilled with greater heed and care It is most certaine also that Waters distilled in Maries bath especially those which are distilled in the vapour of boyling water are not of long continuance and hardly will last aboue a yeare likewise you must renew them euerie yeare by distillation circulation or by distilling of them againe putting them also into the Still againe with some new matter vpon the cake or drossie part left vpon some former distillation or else to distill them by a Filtre whereof wee shall haue occasion to speake hereafter CHAP. LXI What manner of vessels and instruments they must be wherein waters are to be distilled TWo vessels are needfull in distilling which may be called by the common and generall word a Limbeck the one of them is properly called the containing vessell because it receiueth and containeth the matter that you would distill some call it the bodie or corpulent vessell or the gourd The other is ordinarily called the cappe head or bell being that whereinto the vapours are gathered and turned into water This vessell hath sometimes a pipe in shape like the bill of a bird through which the water passeth drop by drop into a violl or other like vessell and sometimes it hath no beake or spour and those are vâ—ed in circulation But these instruments doe differ much as well in forme and shape as in matter It is true that the first that were inuented were of Lead like vnto a Bell and did couer another vessell of Brasse that was full of matter to be distilled this fashioned one is well ynough knowne and vsed eueriewhere because it draweth out more store of water than anie other Afterward there was another fashion inuenâ—ed by which manie vessels euerie one hauing his Leaden head or couer seuerall are â—ated together with one onely fire set in a furnace made after the fashion of a vault to the end that with lesse cost and labour there might be drawne and distâ—lled a great quantitie of water the figure and forme whereof you may here see and behold But in as much as waters distilled in Lead doe not retaine their smell or tast at all neither yet anie of the rest of their qualities of the things whereof they are distilled but doe rather smell of the smoake or of a stinke of burning as also for that waters distilled of sharpe biting and bitter plants doe no whit resemble the same in the â—ast of their bitternesse and sharpenesse but rather become vnsauourie sweet Further in as much as Galen witnesseth as the water which runneth through pipes of Lead doth stirre vp oftentimes the bloudie flux in those that drinke it because of his nature which is of the substance of Mercurie adde vnto these that in as much as wee ordinarliy see the waters distilled through Lead to become oftentimes with the sharpe and vehement vapour which it maketh by the reason of a certaine sale dissoluing it selfe from the head spoyled and made white and thicke as milke I say for and in respect of all these reasons there is inuented another instrument called the Bladder whose vnder vessell and cap couering the same are both of Brasse and both of them standing ouer one â—urnace which instrument is not onely good to distill Aqua vitae in made of Wine or of the lees of Wine or Beeâ—e but also of all other sorts of Plants powred in thereto with a good quantitie of common water Moreouer it is requisite that the head should haue a great beake or spout which must passe through the inner side of a great caske full of water to the end that the vapours breath not out but grow thicke and turne into water The fashion of it is as you may see here The later and better aduised Physicians haue deuised a fashion much better than the former which is to distill waters in Maries bath that is to say in the bath of some boyling water or ouer the vapour of the same for it is verie certaine that such waters are without all comparison better in as much as they doe exactly retaine not onely the smell but also the â—ast and other qualities of their plants which happeneth because the bath of the boyling water by his moisture retaineth keepeth in and preserueth the more subtle parts of the plants and by this meanes hinder and stay them from resoluing and breathing out as it commeth to passe in those which are distilled by a violent fire of wood or coale which is the onely cause that there is so great difference betwixt the waters distilled in a Limbecke of Lead and those that are distilled in Maries bath as is betwixt Gold and Lead because they doe not onely retaine the proper qualities of their plants that is to say their smell and tast but likewise they become cleare pure and bright without smelling anie thing of smoake or burning on the contrarie the other alwaies hâ—â—h a tast of some sâ—inke of the smoake which doth not onely prouoke a lust to vomit as well in such as be healthfull as in them that be sicke but also procureth great hurt vnto the parts of the breast stomacke liuer and other inward parts by reason of some ill qualitie wherewith they are infected by the vessels in which they are distilled Which is easily perceiued by the water of Wormewood distilled in a Leaden Limbeâ—ke for it becomâ—â—th sweet and not bitter like vnto the plant and in like sort in all other manner of waters that are distilled of plants and are of a hot temperature and sharpe or bitter of tast For the Leaden Limbecke receiuing vpon his superficiall part the vapours of heaâ—bes which are hot in effect and operation is easily corrupted in that his superficiall part and turned into a verie subtle Ceâ—use which afterward mingleth
that so the ashes and small coales of fire may fall through to the bottome below the more easily and not stay behind to choake vp the fire that should heat the Still The vnderfloore may haue one or manie mouthes for the more conuenient taking away of the ashes which shall be gathered there on a heape but as for that aboue it must haue but one onely of a reasonable bignesse to put the coales or wood in at but in the roofe of it it must haue two or three small holes to giue aire and breath vnto the fire at such time as you mind to amend it Euerie one of the mouthes shall haue his stopple For want of a furnace or matter for to make one you may fit and set your Vesâ—ell Cauldron or Bowle vpon a brandâ—ith and kindle your fire vnderneath CHAP. LXIII How the matter must be prepared before the waters be distilled IT is not ynough that the furnace and instruments for distillation be made readie in such sort as wee haue said for the matter to be distilled must in like manner be prepared before that it be put into the Still This preparation is of three sorts that is to say Infusion Putriâ—action and Fermentation Infusion is nothing else but a macâ—rating or sâ—eeping of the thing intended to be distilled iâ— some liquor not onely that it may be the more apt and easie to be distilled but also to cause and procure greater store of iuice to be in it 〈◊〉 else to helpe them to keepe their smell or else to bestow vpon them some new qualitie or to encrease their force and vertues or else for some other ends as we will handle them in particular and onely one It is true that this preparation is not necessarie for euerie matter for some there are that need not anie infusion or steeping but rather to be dried before they be distilled by reason of their too great and excessiue moisture othersome content themselues with being watered or sprinkled ouer lightly with some liquor as is done in the distilling of drie Roses and Caâ—â—â—â—â—ll which are wont to be sprinkled onely with common water Some spread them all a Summers night in faire weather vpon a Linnen cloth to take the dew and after they be moist to distill them Such as are steeped and infused lye in the Sunne or are held ouer the fire the space of some halfe houre or manie houres a whole night a whole day two daies three daies one or moe â—oneths according to the nature of the medicine the diuers intention and purpose of the Physician and the present necessitie Sometimes we presse and wring out things which we infused before the distillation and making our distillation afterward of the iuice onely that we pressed forâ—h sometimes againe we distill the whole infusion that is to say both the infused maâ—ter and the liquor wherein it was infused Wherefore in this preparation which is made by infusion you must diligently obserue two things the time of the infusion and the liquor in which the infusion is made The time of the infusion must be measured according to the diuersitie of the matter for those things which are hard or solide 〈…〉 or entire and whole deserue a longer time of infusion than those which arâ— tender new or bruised whereupon it commeth to passe that rootes and seedes râ—quire double time to infuse the leaues and flowers a single and lesser time and so consequently of such other matter or things The liquors wherein infusions are to be prepared must not onely answere the qualities of such matter as is to be distilled in such sort as that hot matter and things be infused in hot liquors and the cold in cold but likewise the scope and driâ—t intended in the thing distilled which is the onely cause of the vsing of varietie of liquors in the making of infusions and these are for the most part Raine water Fountaine or Rose-water and they either raw or distilled crude or distilled iuices distilled waters Aqua vitae raw or distilled Vineger Wine raw or distilled Vrine Whey raw or distilled mans bloud Swines bloud and Goats bloud distilled or vndistilled For this respect things that haue small store of iuice as Sage Betonie Balme and Wormewood or which are verie fragrant as all sorts of Spices all sorts of odoriferous Hearbes all aromaticall Rindes or Woods as Cinnamome would be infused in Wine to the begetting of some reasonable store of iuice in them which haue but a little and to keepe the aromaticall fragrantnesse in those which smell sweet which might otherwise euaporate and spend through the heat of the fire their best and most precious parts they being of so thinne and subtle a substance It is true that the best and surest course is not to infuse Spices or aromaticall things neither in Wine nor in Aqua vitae but rather in common water because in distilling of them as proofe will make triall the vapours will rise too soone and leaue behind them the vertues of the aromaticall things whereas water will not goe vp before it haue them with it Such matter and things as are hard and mettallous as Pearles Corall shells of egges Crystall Emeralds 〈◊〉 and other such are infused commonly in raw or distilled vineger or else in vrine distilled or vndistilled but such waters are not to be taken inwardly but onely to be applyed outwardly In like manner when it is intended that a water shall haue an opening qualitie and pierce deepe or swiftly the matter thereof may be infused in raw and crude or in distilled vineger as for example the waters distilled against the stone or grauell or to take away the great obstructions of the liuer spleene and matrix When you desire that the water should retaine and keepe in good sort the vertues of the matter whereof it is distilled it may for the better infusing of it be distilled in his owne iuice or in some iuice obtaining the like vertue Things are likewise sometimes infused in bloud either of Men Swine or Goats for the encrease and strengthening of their vertues as the water vsed to be distilled for to breake the sâ—one whether it be in the reines or in the bladder may first haue receiued an infusion made in the bloud of Goats As much in like sort is to be thought of the Whey of Goats milke wherein things are wont to be infused to draw waters off which are to serue in the cleansing of vlcers of the reines or bladder Generally regard must be had that all infusions be made in such liquor as will strengthen and encrease the vertue and force of the things intended to be distilled as also that such matter before it be set to infuse be shred stamped small or bruiâ—ed putting into it sometime the twelfth part of salt as vnto those that are too moist as flesh bloud of men or other beasts as well to keepe them from corrupting as also to
helpe forward the separation of the humour that must be distilled Sometimes the things which are to be distilled are suffered to putriâ—ie and then afterward they are distilled yea and sometimes the verie putrifaction it selfe is the way and whole worke for the distilling of such things as wee will declare hereafter Fermentation is accomplished and performed vpon the matter of infusion alone or the whole infusion together in the heat of the Sunne in the Dogge-daies or else in some Furnace or Horse-dung it requireth manie daies continuance as foure or more and by how much this fermenting and preparing of the thing is the more substantially performed by so much the greater quantitie of water will be distilled and drawne ouâ— CHAP. LXIIII. Generall precepts about the distilling of Waters AFter that the matter is in this manner and fashion prepared as we haue said there remaineth nothing more to be done but the putting of it into the Stillitorie and herein you must carrie your selfe very wisely and discreetly in obseruing certaine generall precepts for the ordering and directing of the whole worke vnto a good and perfect end First prouide that your furnaces be set in such a place as where they may not endanger the setting of your whole house on fire as that they also may not be subiect to haue any thing to fall vpon them If you distill Quicksiluer or any other such thing which hath a venimous malignitie come not neere vnto your Stills all the time of the distilling of such matter for the smoake or fume which at that time they breath out doth draw vpon a man the Palsie exulceration of the Lungs Lethargie or oftentimes sudden death as you may see by experience in such as are Plummers and employed in melting of Mettals If you distill in Glasse vessels you must make choice of such as are well baked and seasoned hauing no bubbles or knots but equall on euerie side and smooth thicke and proued before hand The coales must be throughly kindled and halfe burned before you put any thing into the Still that so the fume or yet any other noysome qualitie of the coales may not remaine to breath vpon it or at the least put some few ashes or small quantitie of sand betwixt the Still and the furnace that so the coales may not infect the water with the smoake Likewise the fire is not to be made with wood halfe rotten or that stinketh or with charcoale burned and made in a pit or of coale drawne and digged out of the earth whether they be of stone or earth for feare the stilling vessels and water should be infected and marred with the filthie and stinking vapour thereof The fire must not be hastie or headlong at the beginning as well for the safetie of the vessels which might thereby be broken taking too sudden a heat as also to the end that the matter distilled may become acquainted with the fire by little and little and that so farre as vntill the fire be come to the third degree if need doe so require You must not put into your Stills or Limbecke too great a quantitie of matter for so it might runne ouer and be cast forth againe and furthermore that vnderneath would be parched and dried away and that aboue would remaine as it was put in but it is rather the safer course to shift them oft and so by this meanes you shall haue greater store and plentie of water The water of Maries bath may not be hoter than the finger may endure to slay in it howbeit oftentimes there come things to be distilled in the double vessell for the distilling whereof if it should come to passe that the heat of Maries bath should not be vehement ynough then mixe therewith some small sand to encrease the heat of the water If the glasse still happen to cracke being set vpon the fire you shall let the spirits from euaporating if you dip diuers linnen cloathes in the whites of egges vvell beaten and applie them vpon the cracke of the glasse hot one after another in such sort that so soone as one shall be dried like a crust another be readie by and by to put vpon it and so to continue If you distill your waters in the heat of sand as many doe and that verie often or of ashes or the filings or scales of yron made in powder the bodie of the still must be armed whether it be of glasse or brasse or any other matter with verie fine ashes that haue beene sifted or with sand or with the filings of yron finely powdred in such sort as that the ashes may be higher about the glasse than the matter is within by a halâ—e foot good The ashes shall be placed in the vpper part of the furnace or in a place of hold made vpon the furnace and heated with a coale fire which shall be below in the bottome of the glasse The waters so distilled indure much longer than those which are distilled in Maries bath but in all other points they resemble and are like one vnto another If you haue not the leasure to make your distillation in a still and that yet you would gladly distill some certaine juice or liquor then cause your juice to boyle in some vessell and ouer this vessell set a glasse in this glasse the vapour will turne into water by this meanes vinegar is turned easily into a vvater vvhich is verie profitable for the spots and stayne of the eye especially if before the distilling of it you cause some few slips of Rhue to be boyled in white vinegar Hot things that they may proue effectuall would be distilled three or foure times putting adding vnto euerie time new matter or else to rectifie them by themselues but as for cold things such as the rose is once distilling is sufficient for by this means it holdeth still his cooling qualitie in better sort seeing the force of the fire begetteth heat and sharpenesse in things When you would distill one vvater three or foure times you must at euerie distillation diminish the heat of your fire halfe a degree and afterward a whole degree and so consequently vntill in the end you come backe vnto the first degree spoken of before and called such a heat as is but vvarme the reason is because that the matter becomming more and more subtile at euerie distillation craueth not so great a heat at the end as it did at the beginning when it is in his grosâ—est state and condition But it is contrarily practised in the extracting of quintessences out of any thing 〈◊〉 then the heat is to be increased and augmented more and more In all manner of distillations of vvaters you must carefully see to the seperating of the flegme that is to say the grosâ—est thickest and most waterie part of the humour distilled and for the doing hereof you must carefully consider of the matter
mornings Water of horse-taile Take horse-taile plantaine red roses Winter-cherrie-berries rootes of holihockes and scraped licorice of each an ounce of bole-armoniacke halfe an ounce of the seed of gourds and cucumbers of each three drams of the seede of white poppie six drams of the seed of quinces halfe an ounce Infuse them all in vvhay made of goats milke the space of two daies afterward distill the vvater which will serue for the vlcers of the reines and bladder if there be foure ounces of â—â—taken vvarme in the morning Water of corneflag Take equall parts of corneflag hyssope and southernewood stampe them throughly and leaue them so a certaine time afterward distill them this vvater prouoketh womens termes and killeth wormes in young children Burnet-water Take the seed of burnet parsley smallage the leaues and rootes of clotburre and smallage of euerie one equally stampe all together after put thereto of draggons bloud an ounce and a little good vinegar â—et all to infuse together a certaine time afterward distill it this vvater hath a meruailous vertue against the stone and grauell A singular vvater for the grauell vvhich the deceased Monsieur de Tillet had great vse of vvith happie succesâ—e Take the rootes of parsley and fennell made verie cleane and the vvooddie part taken out of each â—oure handfulls boyle them in twelue pintes of riuer water vvhen they are halfe boyled put thereto of the tender buds of Mallows holihockes violets and sea-weed of each foure handfulls boyle all together to the consumption of the halfe after straine them through a white napkin distill them putting thereunto two pound of Venice turpentine A singular water for the eyes Take celandine veruaine betonie eye-bright rue and fennell all new and fresh of each two handfulls stampe them together sprinkling them with halfe a pound of white Wine presse out the juice and afterward infuse in the same pepper and ginger made in powder of each halfe an ounce of saffron three drams of myrrhe aloes and sarcocol of each one ounce of verie good honie a pound distill them all in a glasse stillitorie at a small fire and keepe the water for the spots of the eyes Take foure ounces of the pills of Oranges dried in the shadow of the Sunne sixe dayes nutmegs and cloues made into powder either of them by themselues of each foure ounces infuse the said aromaticall powders in a glasse viole with rose-rosewater the space of seuenteene dayes in the Sunne after cast vpon the said powders the rindes of oranges vvhich you shall let steepe there a certaine space of time Afterward take of new red roses gathered two daies before a pound of the roote of cypeâ—us halfe a pound of the leaues of rosemarie hysâ—op balme roses of the bush of each two handfulls of bay-leaues a handfull lay them all to drie in the Sunne for two houres after infuse them in rose-water the space of three houres this done put them all into a Still after this manner In the bottome of the Still make a bed of one pound of new red roses then next a bed of aromaticall powders and the rindes of oranges in the third place a bed of Violet flowers and in the fourth place the last and fourth bed of the afore named hearbes distill them all in Maries-bath with a gentle fire Adde vnto the distilled water two pound of rose-water or thereabout so that it may be in proportion equall to the third or fourth part of the water drawne out by distillation This vvater taken in the morning the weight of a dramme keepeth the bodie sound lustie and reneweth youth It is singular for the paine of the head tteeth bellie gripings palsie conâ—ulsions apoplexie faintings and other such cold diseases This is the vvater that is so much esteemed in the courts of kings and princes and amongst the great and renowned ladies An Allome-water Take Verjuice the juice of Plantaine and Purslaine of each a pound seuen whites of egges ten ounces of Roch-allome mingle them together and distill them Otherwise take plantaine purslaine sorrell gourds nightshade and verjuice of each a handfull poune them grosly mixe therewith ten or twelue whites of egges put them all in a glasse stillitorie to distill mingling amongst them halfe a pound of Allome as you lay bed vpon bed this water is good for caâ—kers for the rednesse of the face and for vlcers applying linnen clothes thereunto that haue beene wet therein You may likewise distill purging waters in infusing purgatiue medicines both simple and compound seeing that they be as new as may be and that in Aqua-vitae wine milke whay distilled waters or conuenient decoctions and such waters vvill haue the like vertues as the purging medicines haue thus you may distill Catholicum Diaphoenicon confectio Hamech and Electuarium de â—ucco rosarâ—m Thus you may distill rhubarbe agaricke hellebor scammonie and such other purgatiues that are sound and new The maner of distilling rhubarbe may be this take a quantitie of new and greene Rhubarbe vvhether it be a pound or halfe a pound more or lesse make it â—â—to small pieces or make it into grosse powder and vpon it cast of the iuice of Borage and Buglosse of each two pound for one of Rubarbe infuse them all together for the space of foure and twentie houres vpon hot ashes then distill them in a Stillitorie in Maries bath This distilling of purgatiue Medicines is for such kind of people as are verie delicate and cannot abide the smell of the purging medicine to be ministred otherwise vnto them CHAP. LXX Of sweet Waters particularly described SWeet Waters serue to wash the hands face haire of the head and beard as also to make Linnens Garments Gloues and such other things to smell sweet Water of Lauander Take the flowers of Lauander new or drie beâ—prinkle or infuse them in Rose-water Wine or Aqua-vitae afterward distill them The water will be sweeter if you drie the flowers in the Sunne in a Glasse-violl close stopped and cast vpon them afterward some white Wine And if in the time of want and lacke of distilled water you would haue a water presently made which should resemble the smell of the water of Lauander cast a drop or two of the Oyle of Spike into a good sufficient quantitie of pure water and swill them well together in a bottle or Glasse-violl with a narrow necke This water though it be not distilled yet it ceaseth not to haue the sweet smelling sent and sauour that the distilled hath Water of Cloues Take halfe an ounce of Cloues well bruised set them to infuse in a pound and a halfe of Rose-water the space of foure and twentie houres after distill them in Maries bath The water of sweet Smells Take Basill Mints Marierome rootes of Corneflag Hyssope Sauorie Sage Balme Lauander and Rosemarie of each a handfull of Cloues Cinnamome and Nâ—tmegs of each halfe an
ounce then take three or foure Citrons and cut them in sufficient thicke slices which done infuse all this in a sufficient quantitie of Rose-water for the space of three daies distilling it all afterward in Maries bath at a small fire the distillation done put thereto a scruple of Muske Water of Roses musked Take the buds of Roses and cutting out the white put them into the Stillitorie and in the middest thereof vpon your Roses put a little knot of Muske and so distill them Water of Spike Take Spike before the flower be altogether blowne and taking away all the wood from it lay it on a bed within the Stillitorie afterward lay vpon that bed a bed of Roses almost blowne and thereupon some dozen of Cloues but and if you haue not Spike then you may put Lauander in his place distill it at a moderate fire and with as little ayre as possibly you can giue it And when the distillation shall be as good as finished beâ—prinkle the matter with a little verie good white Wine and so finishing your distillation keepe your water in viols well stopped Damaske water Take two handfuls and a halfe of red Roses Rosemarie flowers Lauander and Spike flowers of each a Pugill of the sprigges of Thyme flowers of Cammomile flowers of small Sage of Penyryall and Marierome of each a handfull infuse them all in white Wine the space of foure and twentie houres then put them into the Stillitorie sprinkling it with verie good white Wine and scatter thereupon this powder following take an ounce and a halfe of well chosen Cloues an ounce of Nutmegs of Beniouin and Styrax calamiâ—a of each two drammes make them in powder The water that shall be distilled must be kept in a vessell verie well stopped There is also made a verie sweet water of cleare Myrrhe if it be new guâ—mie and diuided into small gobbets and set to steepe in the iuice of Roses six times as much in quantitie as the Myrrhe It must be distilled vpon hot ashes at a small fire for and if you should encrease it there would come forth oyle with the water Such water being dropped but onely one drop of it into an hundred of well or foâ—â—taine water maketh it all to smell most sweetly Rose-water sweetened with Muske Take a Glasse-vessell of the fashion of an Vrinall that is to say wide below and straight aboue therein put twelue graines of Muske or more and stop it close with good Parchment setting it in the Sunne for foure or fiue daies then take another vessell of the fashion of the first which you shall fill with Roses dried a verie little and stamped then stop that vessell also with a verie thinne Linnen cloth or with a Strainer afterward put the mouth of the vessell wherein the Roses be into the mouth of the other wherein the Muske is luâ—e them well together and set them in the Sunne in such sort as that the vessell with the Roses may stand aboue that wherein the Muske is and that in some window or such other place where the Sunne shineth verie hot and by this meanes there willâ— water distill downe vpon the Muske which will be good either to be vsed aboue or mingled with some other Otherwise Take twentie graines of Muske 〈◊〉 Cloues Galingall Schaenanthum graines of Paradise Mace and Cinnamome of each an ounce bray them all together and put them into a Stillitorie with a 〈◊〉 and a halfe of Rose-water then let them stand so foure or fiue daies and afterward distill them Water of Oranges Take the pilles of Oranges and Citrons when they are greene of each halfe an ounce of Cloues fiue or sixe of the flowers of Spike or Lauander newly gathered six ounces infuse all together in six pound of Rose-water the space of foure or fiue daies afterward distill them Water of Orange flowers Take flowers of Oranges and distill them in a Glasse-Stillitorie or in an earthen one verie well baked and glased hauing but a small fire you may also put vnto them the flowers of Citrons if you thinke good The water must be kept in Glasse-bottles couered with fiâ—e Mats and well stopped The counterfeit water of Orange flowers Take the buds of red Roses the most double that can be found but take their yellow from them make a bed thereof in the Stillitorie and aboue it another bed of the flowers of Lillies afterward againe another of Roses and then another of the flowers of Lauander and then another bed of Roses againe and betwixt euerie one of these beds cast and sow some bruised Cloues and in the middest of all make a little pit in which you shall put certaine graines of Muske or Ciuet or Ambergreece or some sort of perfume afterward distill them all at a little fire Reserue the water in little bottles couered with fine Mats and well stopped A sweet smelling water Take Marierome Thyme Lauander Rosemarie small Penyryall red Roses flowers of Violets Gilloflowers Sauorie and pilles of Oranges steepe them all in white Wine so much as will swimme aboue the said hearbeâ—â— afterward distill them in a Stillitorie twice or thrice keepe the water in bottles well stopped and the drosse or residence to make perfumes CHAP. LXXI The fashion of distilling water for Fukes NOw albeit that a good Farmers wife must not be too bufie with Fukes and such things as are for the decking and painting of the bodie because her care must wholly be imployed in the keeping and encrease of her household-stuffe notwithstanding I would not haue her ignorant of the manner of distilling of waters for Fukes not that shee should make vse of them for her selfe but that shee may make some profit and benefit by the sale thereof vnto great Lords and Ladies and other persons that may attend to be curious and paint vp themselues Now all such waters in generall serue for three purposes The one is to smooth and keepe neat the skinne as well of the face as of the other parts of the bodie The other is to colour the haire of the head and beard and the third to make white the teeth Some of these are simple as the water of the flowers of Beanes of Strawberries the water of the Vine of Goats milke of Asses milke of whites of egges of the flowers of Lillies of Dragons and of Calues feet others are compounded of maine ingredients as you shall know by the briefe collection that wee shall make of them Water of Strawberries Take ripe Strawberries set them to putrifie some certaine time in an earthen vessell putting thereto a little salt or sugar and afterward distill them This water will cleaâ—se away the spots of the face and the spots of the eies caused either of hot or cold humours it will be more effectuall if you infuse the Strawberries in Aqua-vitae before that you doe distill them Water of Beane-flowers Take the flowers of
Beanes infuse them a day or two in white Wine in a Glasse-violl in the Sunne afterward distill them This water taketh away the spots of the face if it be washed therewith morning and euening The rootes of great Dragons distilled maketh a singular water to take away the prints and marks which the pocks haue left behind them so doth likewise the distilled water of the root of wild Vine of Corneflag Sowbread Costmarie Angelica Elicampane Tutneps wild Cucumbers white Onions Gentian Capers Lillies Madder Alkanet Cinquefoile Crowfoot Tasell and manie other hearbes Water of Guaiacum Take Guaiacum and cut it in small pieces infuse them a certaine time in the decoction of other Guaiacum and a third part of white Wine afterward distill them in a Glasse-Stillitorie The water that shall distill thereof is singular for the taking away of all spots out of the face especially if you ioyne with it in the distilling of it some Lillie rootes The water that is distilled in equall quantitie of the leaues of Peaches and Willowes taketh away the red spots and rubies of the face The water that is distilled in equall quantitie of the whites of egges and iuice of Limons scoureth the face and maketh it faire In stead of this water if you haue not the fit meanes to distill it you shall take seuen or eight Limons or Citrons which you shall cut into quarters and after infuse them in white Wine in the Sunne Another water Take six ounces of the crummes of white bread infuse them in two pound of Goats or Asses milke mingle them diligently together and afterward distill them Water of Snailes Take white Snailes about thirtie of Goats milke two pound of the fat of a Pigge or Kid three ounces of the powder of Camphire a dramme distill them in a Glasse-Stillitorie Water of the whites of egges Take the whites of new egges about twelue fine Cinnamome an ounce and Asses milke twelue ounces distill all in a Glasse-Stillitorie This water maketh a woman looke gay and fresh as if shee were but fifteene yeares old Water of Calues feet Take the feet of a Calfe and taking away their skinne and hooues of their hoofes cut the rest in pieces that is to say the bones sinewes and marrow and so distill them This water maketh the face Vermillion like and taketh away the blemishes of the small Pocks A singular water to make one white Take the dung of small Lizards or of the Cuttle fish the Tartar of white Wine the shauing of Harts-horne white Corall the flower of Rice as much of one as of another beat them a long time in a Mortar to make them into fine powder afterward infuse them a night in an equall portion of the distilled water of sweet Almonds Snailes of the Vine and white Mulleine and put thereunto likewise the like weight of white Honey distill all together in a Stillitorie Water of bread crummes compounded Take the crummie part of Barly bread indifferent betwixt white and blacke two pounds of Goats milke three pounds of white Wine halfe a pound of the foure great cold seeds of each two ounces of the flowers of Beanes or dried Beanes and Cich Pease of each two pound of Rice halfe a pound of the flowers of water Lillies and white Roses of each two pugillâ— the whites and yolkes of twentie egges distill them all in Maries bath and the water will be a great deale more excellent if you put vnto the distillation some Venice Turpentine Water of the broth of a Capon Take of the broth of a Capon Henne or Pullet three pound of the iuice of Limons one pound of white vineger halfe a pound of the flowers of Beanes and water Lillies of each three pugills the whites of two or three egges the weight of two French crownes of Camphire distill them all This water is of a maruellous vertue to take away the spots and staines of the face and other parts of the bodie The water of Branne Take Branne the best that you can find sift it diligently and afterward temper it with strong vineger put them into a Still and cast vpon them tenne or twelue yolkes of egges distill them all This water maketh the face cleane glistening and verie faire Another water Take the flower of Beanes and water Lillies of each a pound of bread crummes Rice flower flowers of Corneflags of each six ounces of Honey a pound of white Wine and water of the fountaine of each three pound let all be well mingled together and afterward distill them in Maries bath Take the rootes of Corneflag and wild Cucumbers of each three pound of the rootes of Holihockes and Lillies of each two pound of ripe Grapes halfe a pound of Beane flowers and leaues of wall Pellitorie of each a pugill of water Lillies and Mallowes of each a handfull of the crummes of Barly bread a pound infuse it all in white Wine or in the household store of Goats milke putting to the infusion halfe an ounce of the rootes of Turneps and of the foure great cold seedes another halfe ounce of the vrine of a little girle halfe a pound let all be distilled together This water is singular good to take away freckles scarres the prints of the small pockes and all other spots of the skinne A water vsed amongst the Ladies of the Court to keepe a faire white and fresh in their faces Take a white Pigeon a pint of Goats milke foure ounces of fresh Butter foure pugills of Plantaine and as much of the roots and leaues of Salomons seale 〈◊〉 ounce of Camphire halfe an ounce of Sugar candie and two drammes of Alloâ—e let all settle together and afterward distill it Another wâ—ter Take of the crummes of white bread two pound of the flowers of Beanes one pound of white Roses the flowers of water and land Lillies of euerie one two pound of Goats milke six ounces and of the flowers of Cornflag anounce distill all this water is good to keepe the hands cleane and white Take Cowes milke in the moneth of May in other moneths it is not worth aniâ— thing two pounds foure Oranges and fiue Citrons Roch Allome and fine Sugar of each an ounce cut the Oranges and Citrons into small quarters and infuse them in milke afterward distill them all this water is good to keepe the colour neat fresh Take a certaine number of egges the newest you can get and lay them to steepe in verie strong Vineger three whole dayes and nights afterward pierce them with a pinne in such sort as that you may cause all the water that is within them to come forth and then distilling this water you shall find it excellent to beautifie the face Likewise to wash the face with the water of Almonds or Sheepes or Goats milke or else to lay vpon the face when one goeth to sleepe a white Linnen cloth dipped in these
liquors is auaileable for the beautifying of the face Another water Take two Calues feet boyle them in Riuer water to the consumption of the one halfe of the water put thereunto a pound of Rice of the crummie part of one white loafe kneaded with Goats milke two pound of fresh Butter the whites of tenne new layd egges with their shells and skinnes distill it all and in the distilled water put a little Camphire and Roch Allome this water maketh the face verie faire Water of Lard Take such quantitie of Lard as you shall thinke good and scrape it as cleane as possibly you can afterward stampe it in a Marble Mortar so long as that it become like paste and then distill it in a Glasse-Sillitorie The water will be white and it is singular to make the haire of a Straw-colour and glistening Water of Honey distilled as were haue said before maketh the haire beautifull and long Water of Capers Take greene Capers and distill them This water dyeth haire greene if after they haue beene washed with this water they be dried in the Sunne Another water Take a pound of verie good Honey and of the leaues of male Sothernewood two handfuls mingle them and distill them This water is good to 〈◊〉 the haire of the head and beard faire and beautifull A water to cleanse the teeth Take Sage Organie wild Marierome Rosemarie and Pennyryall of each a handfull of Pellitorie Ginger Cloues and Nutmegs of each the weight of two French crownes put all together and water them with white Wine afterward distill them Another water for the same effect Take long Pepper the weight of two French crownes of Pellitorie and Stauesacre the weight of one French crowne sprinkle them all ouer with halfe and ounce of Aqua-vitae after put an ounce and a halfe of white Honey thereunto and so distill them CHAP. LXXII The manner of distilling per ascensum and per descensum ALl manner of distillation which is made by vertue and force of fire and such like heat is of two sorts the one is made by raising vp of vapours vp on high which the Alchymists call per ascensum and there is another which is after the manner of falling of sweat or defluxion of humors descending downeward and this is commonly called per descensum Waters are for the most part distilled by the way called per ascensum as Oyles are for the most part distilled per descensum I say for the most part because that certaine Waters are sometimes distilled per descensum as also some Oyles per ascensum such as are the Oyles drawne of leaues flowers fruits seeds and other such like matter The waters that are distilled per descensum are chiefely sweet waters such as are made of flowers and leaues of a good smell which being so distilled doe not euaporate or spend their best vapour so quickly by distillation and thereupon they retaine in better sort and for a longer time their naturall smell The way is this Take new Roses or other such flowers and put them in a Linnen cloth spread and stretcht ouer a bason of Brasse or earth well glased aboue this bason set another vessell of Brasse or of earth in manner of a round Frying-panne hauing the bottome couered with hot coales but therewithall you must looke that you let not the fire remaine anie long time vpon the vessell for feare it should grow too hot and that the water should smell of burning Thus way is better than anie other to make a great deale of water in a short time and without great charges of flowerâ— and all sweet smelling cooling and astringent matter After such sort is the Sea-Onion distilled Cut in slices the Sea-Onion put it into an earthen vessell which shall haue manie small holes in the bottome let the bottome of this vessell goe into the mouth of another vessell made of earth and lute them both together verie well and let the earthen vessell be set in the earth vp vnto the throat and then lay it round about with coales of fire thus giue fire vnto the vpper vessell for the space of tenne or twelue houres it will distill his water downeward which if you mixe with flower or bread you shall make Pastils which will be good to kill Rats or Mice and that quickly if you mixe therewith a small quantitie of Litarge You may make your distillation of flowers per descensum otherwise without the heat of anie fire Take two vessels of Glasse one like vnto another both of them being made large in the bottome and narrow at the top after the manner of an Vrinall and see that the mouth of the one will fit and goe into the mouth of the other and then lute them well and close together hauing put betwixt them a fine thinne Linnen cloth the vppermost must be full of Roses or other flowers somewhat bruised the other must be emptie set them in the South Sunne where it is very hot and so it will distill a water that is very pleasant and sweet Thus is Rose-water sweetened with Muske distilled whereof wee haue spokeâ— before in the Chapter of sweet waters And thus are the yellow parts of Violâ—â—â—â— stilled and the water thereof is verie singular for the rednesse of the eyes And 〈◊〉 are the tender buds and shoots of Fennell distilled being gathered before the Fennell doe put forth his flowers the water wthereof is very soueraigne for to cleanse away the filth of the eyes and to comfort and amend the sight CHAP. LXXIII Of the manner of distilling by the Filtre THe causes of distilling by the Filtre we haue before declared as namely that they are either the separation of liquors in generall or else the separation of liquors of such or such qualities as the separating of muddie and earthie from the finer and subtle parts which is the proper and ordinarie way to distill iuices which haue a thicke consistence presently vpon their cooling after their first pressing out as namely the iuices of Citrons Limons and Oranges againe the prudent and expert Apothe carie when he maketh syâ—â—ups of the iuices of Citrons or Limons doth first distill and straine the iuices by a Fittre before the goe about to dispense the syrrups But the manner to distill by a Filtre is to haue three dishes bowles or basons or other vessels of such fashion as the matter or liquor that you would distill doth require and so placed and seated as that they may either stand higher and higher or lower and lower euerie one aboue or vnder another and the highest to containe that which is to be distilled and the lower that which is distilled In the vppermost shall be one or moe pieces of Cloth or of a Felt of sufficient length and dipt into the iâ—ices and these must be broad at the one end and sharpe at the other the broad end shall lye in the
pound of water will be 〈◊〉 They must bee brayed sufficiently small put into the gourd and dealt with as seedes and hearbes are dealt withall The Oyle commeth forth first and afterward the water Spices and aromaticall things are distilled after the same manner that seedes are but in their distillation mingle not Wine or Aqua-vitae as some doe but onely pure fountaine water for Wine and Aqua-vitae rise vp presently without carrying wiâ—â— them the vertues of the aromaticall things whereas the water riseth noâ— vp without taking with it the aromaticall things The Oyle of Nutmegs swimmeth aloâ—t and so doth that of Mace For to distill Oyle of Cinnamome in excellent manner Bray a pound of Cinnamome in such sorâ— as that it may goe through a sieue but beat it not all to powder put it in a gourd and powre vpon it water of Buglosse Borage Endiue and Balme of euerie one halfe a pound let them stand together foure or fiue daies in the vessell well stopt then out of this gourd powre them into another gourd and set this gourd in an earthen pot with sand betwixt the pot and it and so set them both in the furnace first make a soft fire but after make it greater by little and little after that there is a measure distilled out after this manner take it away as the best for that which 〈◊〉 loweth is of a great deale lesse vertue than the first but yet may be kept to 〈◊〉 new Cinnamome in After the same fashion you shall distill Cloues Pepper Angelica Galanga c. See in our secret remedies CHAP. LXXXII Of the manner of extracting Oyles out of Wood. FOr as much as the oylie substance of wood is more â—enacious and clammie by reason of the slyminesse thereof therefore the extrâ—câ—ing of the â—ame is diuers from that of hearbes and seedes and is not 〈…〉 but 〈◊〉 greater cost and drawne and gathered with greater 〈…〉 and industrie than those of seeds and plants which we haue entreaâ—ed of before know well that some doe accustome to draw Oyles per desâ—â—nsumâ— as they vse 〈◊〉 call it in two vessels of earth set one vpon another and a plate of yron with a hole in it betwixt them both but such Oyle is nothing worth and tasteth for the most part of I cannot tell of what adustion but the best is to draw it per ascensum that so you may haue that which is excellent good faire and penetratiue the manner is such Make your furnace of matter and forme as aboue sauing that in the vppermost part of it you must haue a cleft or open place for the more easie placing and disposing of the necke of your vessell The vessell shall be fashioned like a Bladder Corner or bagge of a Shepheards Pipe called of the Chymists a reâ—ort it must be of glasse or else of earth and varnished and leaded within and of such bignesse as that it may containe a dozen pound of water hauing a necke of a foot and a halfe long or a foot long at the least and bending downeward It is to consist of two parts the one of them stretching from the bellâ—e of the said bladder forward some six fingers long and for thicknesse so made as that ones hand may goe into the orifice of it to make cleane the said vessell within and the other growing euer lesse and lesse euen vnto the end must be made to ioyne with the former part by the meaâ—es and helpe of some fastening matter as glue or cement of Bole-armoniacke and yet in such sort as that they may be set together and taken asunder when need shall require This is the figure and shape A The Retort of glasse or earth vernished within and leaded B The orifice of the Retort for the taking in of matter into the bellie and bodie and for to giue way also for the making cleane of the said bellie and which for that purpose must be made larger than it is pictured here for else the hand cannot enter into it C The other part of the Retort into which must be inserted the nether part of the Retort which must haue a ring about in the place where the two parts shall be cemented and luted together D The Pipe which must be narrow and sharpe-pointed to the end it may be inserted and put into anie sort of glasse-violl or bottle If you haue not the benefit of a furnace you shall place the Retort in fit and conuenient sort within an earthen panne or in stead thereof in a vessell or pot of yron good and wide and filled with sand or ashes or without anie thing in it and that vpon a brandrith if there be need of vsing a verie great fire as we see it daily practised amongst the Apothecaries Wherefore to draw oyle out of oylie wood you must first make it small and bring it into pieces in such sort as Turners doe with turning of wood and not with anie Saw or anie other edge-toole neither yet must you make it like powder for in boiling it would too lightly and easily rise and swell as also those gobbeâ—s and lumps which are cut by edge-tooles or other instruments doe hardly and with great difficultie yeeld anie oyle put into the Retort two pound of this wood diuided into pieces after the manner of the Turners and as much Aqua-vitae for the steeping and infusing of it let them infuse together certaine daies This Aqua-vitae by reason of his subtlenesse pierceth more easily than any other liquor and likewise without any difficultie separateth and forcibly draweth the oyle from his proper subiect and yet in the meane time in neither changeth nor corrupteth any manner of way the nature of the said oyle because it draweth neere vnto the temperature of oyles which is the cause why we mingle with the wood Aqua-vitae rather than common water howsoeuer I do not any thing doubt of the maner before described about the distillation of oyles hearbs seeds in which is vsed the vessell of Copper with a head powring thereinto some cleare fountaine vvater as though it could not be verie certaine and profitable for the extracting of oyles of vvood vvere it not that vve doe â—eare more than any thing else the ouer great and vehement boyling thereof proceeding of the disagreement of the drinesse of the matter and moisture of the vvater vvhich might hinder the course of our distillation Adde hereunto also that such kinds of oiles can hardly rise to the inner top of the head if we see this fashioned copper vessell When as the vvood hath beene sufficiently infused place the earthen pan in the vppermost part of the furnace vpon the barres of yron set the retort within this earthen pan with sand in the emptie spaces betwixt as also couered ouer vvith sand cause the necke to passe through the cleft made in the vppermost part of the furnace and to turne downeward towards the receiuer into the mouth vvhereof it must
cattell from tearing or spoyling the same till such time as the Farmer himselfe shall thinke it meet to cut downe the same Then when the extremitie of Winter shall come as either when the grasse is cleane consumed or that by reason of long Frosts or Snowes your cattell cannot come by anie food then is the time to cut downe your Hay-reekes and to fodder your cattell therewith morning and euening cutting no more downe at a time than shall conueniently serue to fodder your cattell for spoyle herein is the vildest husbandrie that can be This hay thus cut downe you shall not lay in one place but in diuers places of your ground in little tufts or hillockes scattering an armefull thereof in manie places because if you should lay it in one place or in a verie small circuit neere together your cattell would disagree and offer to gore one another at least the stronger cattell would euer beat away the weaker and so rob them of their food whereas being scattered into diuers remote places those which are beaten away from one place will goe to another and so take their food without trouble in which you shall euer obserue to lay more tufts or heapes of hay than you haue cattell Neither yet doe I meane that this manner of foddering shall ouer-spread anie great piece of ground at one time but according to the number of your cattell be close packed together both for the ease of the fodderer and for the well husbanding of the hay which to be carried vp and downe too 〈◊〉 would make much wast by scattering so that to lay one foddering within two or three yards of another is sufficient And this I speake of great cattell as Oxen Kyne Steeres Horses or such like for if you fodder Sheepe then you must lay your hay in long rowes one row three or foure yards from another vpon the driest and cleanest ground you can find because the trampling and treading of the cattell will else 〈◊〉 much spoyle of the hay And herein is also to be noted that you must not by any meanes lay your fodder aboue twice in one place but change and alter your ground finding out still a drie and vntrodden place to fodder in as well for keeping the ground from two much foyling and tearing vp with the feet of cattell as also for the â—aâ—ing of the hay which would be halfe lost if it should be layd in wet and myrie places And thus you may in one Winter runne ouer a great piece of ground and not onely sow it plenteously with the Hay-seedes which will fall from the Hay in the carrying but also manure the ground excellently by this drawing together of your beasts into one place making their lâ—are and dunging most thereupon Now some will say that this manner of enriching of grounds carrieth with it a discommoditie which equalleth the goodnesse which is reaped from it and therefore not so much to be esteemed alledging that the trampling of the cattell teareth vp the greene-swarth and as it were ploweth vp the ground in such sort that it will hardly beare any good croppe of grasse a yeare or two after To which I answere that if it doe as happily it will teare vp or digge the ground so that you loose the next yeares croppe in some part yet after the first yeare is past the second will double and the third will treble anie encrease formerly receiued from the same ground neither will the goodnesse euer after be abated from the same besides if your ground be subiect to anie filthie soft mosse or fuzzie grasse which is both vnsauourie and vnwholesome for beasts and also choaketh and deuoureth vp all better herbage this treading of the cattels feet will vtterly kill it and make the ground fruitfull for euer after Nay if the ground haue beene much subiect to small whynnes or prick-grasse which is a most venimous weed in anie ground according to the opinion of the best husbands this course onely will destroy it To conclude â—he Medow well kept and maintained doth alwaies bring double commoditie to that which is ill gouerned and husbanded CHAP. V. Of the harrowing watering and keeping close and well defensed the Medow ground BEsides the seedes of good hearbes which is verie requisite for the Medowes yet there are other workes needfull for the goodnesse of Hay for the Medowes must be harrowed and raked presently after they be sowne to breake the clods into small earth or dust that so the mowers may not thereby hurt their Sythes If the ground of the Medow be withered and drie it will be a maruellous commoditie vnto it to draw into it all the winter long at the least some small Brooke for the watering and moistening of it seeing that moisture is the naturall nourishment of Hay and this would be done especially during the moneths of Nouember December Ianuarie and Februarie afterward when the earth hath drunke her fill then stop the way whereby the water of the Brooke runneth It is true that if the Medow-plot lye vpon the side of some hill or vpon some high ground there shall be no need to water it for the first raine that falleth will descend and water such Medowes verie sufficiently being ioyned with the iuice and goodnesse of the dung which you shall haue bestowed in the higher places Neither shall it be needfull to water the ground much where there is great quantitie of three-leaued grasse because then it would die by and by Againe you must not cause anie water to ouerflow anie old Medow grounds in the time of great and excessiue cold except it should be that they should continue a long time because that the water fayling the ground thus boyled againe and drenched would be verie much annoyed by the vehemence of the frost and yce Likewise if there be anie marish or dead water in anie part of your Medow you must cause the same to runne and drayne out by some Conduits or Trenches for without all peraduenture the super-aboundance of water doth as much harme as the want scarcitie or lacke of the same You must be sure also to keepe Swine out of your Medowes because they are alwaies turning it ouer with their snouts and â—aying great soddes of earth Neither must you admit anie great Cattell into them saue when they be verie drie because the hornie hoofe doth sinke into the earth and either breake off the grasse or cut in sunder the rootes whereupon they cannot spring or multiplie anie more CHAP. VI. To mowe your Meadowes againe and againe to gather the Hay and refresh your Meadowes and to bring your barren Meadowes into Tillage NOw for the mowing of your Meadowes it must be according to their growth or ripenesse for some ripen soone and some late and sure there cannot fall to the Husbandman greater losse than to cut his Meadow before it be ripe for then the sap or moisture not being come fully out of the roote
and that after Autumne vvhen as the earth beginneth to be moist vntill the beginning of the Spring as being the time when the roote may be drawne without leauing of the barke behind you may plant an elme at euerie fortie foots end and not touch them at all for two yeares after vvhich being passed you must dig the earth all about the bodie of the Tree pruning and picking it with a small handbill euerie two yeares We will not make any longer description of the elme but send you to the sixth booke where you shall find particularly and amply declared how this tree is to be planted and in what soyle it doth principally delight to grow CHAP. X. Of the Aller WE see that the Aller or Alder-tree is no lesse profitable for the Husbandman than the Elme in as much as the wood of Aller doth serue to make many implements working tooles as ladders â—ailes for the cart poles handles for tooles rackes for horse-meat and such other things to lay the foundations of buildings vpon which are laid in the riuers fens or other standing vvaters because it neuer rotteth in the vvater but lasteth as it vvere for euer and beareth vp maruailous strange and huge masses The Aller therefore shall be planted neere some little brooke in some moist and vvaterish meadowes for the Aller-tree naturally delighteth in vvater more than any other tree doth and it looketh that the most part of his roots should be in and lower than the vvater for else it will not come to any growth The aller is not sown because it beareth no seed fruit or flowers yet it may be planted two vvaies either of braunches taken from the great trees or else of liue rootes drawne out of moist places their earth vvith them and so set in another moist place and that in such sort as that at the least the one halfe of the roots may be lower than the vvater and couered aboue with earth a fingers thicknesse and vvithall before it be planted you must cut the small branches away till within a finger of the maine root vvhich afterward will shoot vp many small siences This tree is easie to take and grow againe in moist places because it hath much pith in it and putteth forth much wood in a short time You may 〈◊〉 your aller to grow high in any place without any great labour and to small profit because it would need continuall watering It is better then that your aller stand in waterie ground as we haue said that so it may both please and profit you See further of the aller-tree in the sixth booke The fresh leaues doe stay inflammations being put vnder the naked soles of the feet they greatly take away their wearisomenesse which by far walking haue wearied themselues full and all moist with the morning dew being spred in Sommer all ouer a chamber they kill fleas The barke serueth to make inke and to die leather blacke The Poole Fish-pond and Ditch for Fish CHAP. XI Of the manner of making Stewes and Pooles for keeping of Fishes THe chiefe and principall point of a good Countrey Farme is to want nothing either needfull for the prouision of the chiefe Lord or auaileable for the profit that may come thereof The good householder then shall not esteeme a little of Fish seeing that of them he may make both prouision for his table and great gaine vnto his purse but rather shall prouide some place neere vnto his house for to cast Pooles or Stewes in to the end that when need is he may find victuals therein both for himselfe and his familie and that as readie as if it were alreadie in the Kitchin besides what he may yearely sell of that his store to make money into his purse Therefore for the appointing out of ground for these his Pooles or Stewes to breed or feed his fish in he shall chuse it ioyning vnto his Medowes in some leane place and such as he could otherwise make no profit of and yet it must be in a firme ground that is grauellie or sandie for such places doe feed fishes excellent well notwithstanding that the muddie and dyrtie Poole be best for the Tench Burbet Cod Eâ—le and such other slipperie and slimie fishes but he that loueth his health must not furnish his Pooles or Stewes with such manner of fish The Poole shall be maruellously well seated if the commodiousnesse of the place will affoord it continuall refreshment from some flowing Fountaine or some Brooke or little Riuer falling into it whereby continually the first water may be remoued and new supplyed in place thereof not suffering the other to stand too long impounded and therefore if it be possible the Poole is to haue conuenient issue in one part or other for so by this meanes the water is renewed the more easily and the fish therein made the more chearefull and better thriâ—ing to euerie bodies â—ight whereas on the contrarie the standing and corrupted water affoordeth them nothing but bad nourishment making the slesh thereof of an ill tast and vnpleasant in eating In the meane time you must not â—orget to set grates of Brasse or yron close fastened and pierced but with small holes in the conduits that so by them the water may find one passage in and another out and yet to stay the fish for getting forth It will be good that the Poole be large and great to the end that the â—ish which is kept therein may find room◠〈◊〉 sport themselues without perceiuing of anie impediment or imprisonment that they sustaine It will be good also to make in these Pooles some corners or starting holes like little lodging roomes in the wall thereof to the end that thereby the fish may find place for to hide it selfe and to auoid the great heat of the Summer prouided notwithstanding that they be so made as that the water which is in them may easily get out againe These Fish-ponds also may be made in anie low Valley which the hills enuironing on euerie side send downe their waters into the same making it continually wet so that in truth without it be applyed to this purpose it will serue for no other good purpose In this place aboue all other you shall make your Fish-pond drayning it at the dryest time of the yeare and digging it of such depth as you shall thinke most conuenient for the receit of such water as shall fall into it then noting how the water descendeth you shall iust against that descent make the head of your Pond mounting it of such a height that no land-land-water whatsoeuer may ouerflow it and this head you shall make in this wise first so soone as you haue drained the ground and made the earth firme where the head must be you shall driue in foure or fiue rowes of piles made of Elme and some of Oake halfe burnâ— or scortcht and then the earth which you digge out of the pond together with fagots
Trout loues the Breame loues Butterflies greene flies paste or brood of Wasps the Tench loues paste the Red-worme Maggots dried Wasps the Bleake Ruffe and Pearch loue the Red-worme the house-flie fat Bacon Bob Maggot or Canker the Pyke loues the small Roch Dace or Menow Frogges or Bulheads Lastly the Salmon loues all those baits which the Trout loues as paste or flies in Summer and all sorts of Wormes or the Cankers or water-Dockes in the Winter And thus much for the generall satisfaction of all Readers which desire knowledge in this art of Angling and which indeed is verie proper and fit for our Husbandman CHAP. XVII The fishing of all sorts of Fish THe fishing or taking of fish is diuers according to the Riuers and Waters wherein they keep as also in respect of the diuersitie of the fishes themselues for the fishing in the sea and that in fresh water is not all one but seuerall and diuers the great fishes one way the Eele another way the Pike another way and the Carpe is taken another way But whereas it might fall out that such variable manner of fishing might be verie difficult and long to describe we will leaue this knowledge to such as make account to sell and buy fish and will onely declare for the benefit of the householder that the chiefest and most principall waies to take fish are either in the Maund or with the Casting-net or with the Line or with Nets or with the Hooke The Nets do heape together greatest store of fish but they are chargeable to maintaine the Casting-net is of the same condition the Line and hooke are the most ingenious and wittie but least profitable and of slendrest reward The fittest time to goe a fishing in Autumne is after Sunne-set and then principally when it is betwixt night and day for then fishes are slumbring and that so deepely as that they may be taken at their rest with light and flaming torches In Winter the fittest time to fish in is about noone in the Spring time all the day long but chiefely before the Sunne rise which Spring time is the most fit of all other times for fishing in as much as then the water being warme and the fish stirred vp to engender they rise from the bottome of the depths to the vppermost part of the waters yea oftentimes to the verie edges thereof The worst and most vnfit time of all other is the Summer especially whiles the Dogge-daies last the heat whereof causeth the fish to die and constraineth it to betake it selfe to the bottome of the depths so that if you would fish in Summer it must be in the night season In fishing you are to haue regard vnto the wind so that when the North wind bloweth you must turne your Nets toward the South wind and the South wind blowing toward the North wind In like manner when the Westerne wind bloweth your Nets must be turned toward the East and contrarily but before all things fishing must be gone about in a calme time when there is not anie tempest abroad For to gather fish together into one place Take Penyryall Sauorie Organie and Marierome of euerie one the weight of three French crownes of the barke of the Frankincense and Myrrhe-tree of each one ounce of sweet Cherries dried and infused in good wine halfe a pound of a Hogges liuer rosted of Goats grease and Garlike of each a pound stampe euerie one by it selfe and after put thereunto some sine grauell with this mixt together you shall feed the fish for some houre or two before you cast in your Net which when at such time you haue cast in you shall therewith compasse the place about To catch all sorts of fish Take Sheepes sewet of burnt Sesamum Garlike Organie Thyme and dried Marierome of euerie one a sufficient competent quantitie stampe them with the crummes of bread and wine and giue of this composition to the fish to eat Or else take sweet Cherries dried and braying them make pills thereof to giue vnto fishes Or make a meat with vnquencht Lime old Cheese and Rams sewet cast this into the water and presently you shall see the fish flote and lye still vpon the water Fishermen to catch small fish with the Line doe bait hookes with small earth-wormes whereof the fish are verie desirous and greedie Otherwise take the Indian shell Cummin old Cheese flower of Wheat knead them all together with Wine make pills thereof as great as small Peason cast them into the Riuer when the water shall be quiet and calme all the fish that shall tast of this confection as though they were drunke and besotted will run to the brinke of the Riuer and so as that you may take them vp with your hand Or else make a confection with the round root of Birthwort bruised or Sowes bread and vnquencht Lime cast vpon the water some portion of this consection the fishes will hasten vnto it presently and hauing tasted thereof will die suddenly To take small fishes Take the flesh of a Snaile without a taile and thereof make a bait and put not on anie more than one little Snaile at a time Or else take the flesh and bloud of a Calfe well powned put it into a vessell and so leaue it by the space of â—enne daies afterward vse it to make baits of Otherwise take sweet Cherries dried and bray them making pills thereof which you shall cast vnto the fishes Take Sal ammoniake an ounce Onions the weight of a French crowne of the fat of a calfe the weight of sixe crownes make pills thereof after the fashion of beanes and offering them to Torteises they vvill come to the smell and so be taken For the Cuttle-fishes Take the lees of strong Wine and mixe them vvith oyle and casting it into a place vvhere you know that the Cuttle hath cast her blacke and shadowing humor she will come to the place where the oyle is and so you may take her Or else take Sal ammoniack two ounces Goats butter an ounce stampe them all and make little soft loaues thereof wherewith annoint some kind of corne or little clothes that are not fringed for so it will come to passe that the Cuttle will â—eed round about them and not stirre away so that you may take them presently To take Loaches Take the bran of Wheat two pound of whole Lintiles halfe a pound mingle them together and bray them with a sufficient quantitie of salt briâ—e after put thereto halfe a pound oâ— Seâ—amum of which you must cast about you some heere and some there for as soone as you haue cast it from you all the small fish will hasten vnto it and which is more they will flock together into one place though they be sixe hundred paces off Or â—lse take Neats bloud Goats bloud Sheepes bloud Swines bloud and the dung which is in the small guts of an Hog Thyme Organie
bread is by a maruellous benefit of nature endued with all sorts of tastes and relishes which particularly are the prouocations and allurements causing vs to affect and eate this or that or any kind of meate whatsoeuer Some whereof do please vs by reason of their sweetnes other some by reason of their sowernes some by reason of their saltnesse and other some by reason of their sharpnesse and some by reason of their pleasant smell and all these well pleasing relishes making sauourie vnto vs all other sorts of meate doth bread containe and comprehend in it selfe Againe other victualls haue they neuer so good a taste can neither bee pleasant nor profitable for the health in eating if bread bee not eaten with them in as much as the bread by its owne good nature doth correct the faults that are in other meates and maketh them stronger and of more power in their properties and qualities and hereupon grew the common prouerbe which is that all meat is good and profitable when it is accompanied with bread Againe we find by daily obseruation that such as eate their meate whether it bee flesh or any such sort of victualls without bread haue alwaies a stinking breath so that I cannot but greatly maruell who was the Author of the common prouerbe viz. That all repletion of whatsoeuer meate was euill but especially that of bread if it be not because that bread by reason of much solide and firme nourishment which it bringeth vnto the bodie if it happen to be eaten in excessiue quantitie doth fill the veines with aboundant store of bloud but such as is not apt to flow and stirre and such as is not apt and easie to bee euaporated and discussed being giuen to endure and continue like solide things in a constant and stayed course of the which bloud all the bodie being nourished is made more corpulent full and massie and so by reason of this fulnesse the lesse perspirable because the pores and passages of the skinne by the which the whole bodie should haue meanes for the breathing out of his superfluous vapours are stopt and thereby the bodie made subiect vnto many diseases and sodaine death such was the issue ordinarily befalling professed Wrastlers and that as we may gather by reading procured and wrought especially in those men by vsing of much bread and swines flesh And I will further confesse as Galen teacheth vs that of all the errors and inconueniencies hapning to the health through the bad digestion and ill concoction of the stomach those are the most grieuous which grow of the ill digesting of bread rather than where flesh or such meat are badly digested because that bread doth more trouble nature and is a longer time in digesting But all this notwithstanding there is no cause why bread should not still bee preferred before all other sorts of victualls seeing these discommodities arise not of the meane reasonable vse but of the excessiue vse rather of the same which is the high way to 〈◊〉 and make hurtfull not bread only but whatsoeuer other good and exâ—ellent things so greatly euerie where and in all good things is the merrie meane commended Againe whatsoeuer hath beene hitherto said of bread hath beene not to â—harge it with begetting the said vices and diseases by any euill iuice that is in it but indeed by the superfluousnesse of humours which may rather bee accounted for a vertue and commendation vnto it than any dispraise but the further discourse of this matter I leaue for another place Seeing then the life of men consisteth more in the vse of bread than of all other things who so is carefull of his health and life must make choice of his bread according as his substance calling and naturall disposition shall direct and guide him The bread that is made of wheat meale whole and intire as from which there is nothing taken by temze is fit and meet for hindes and other workefolkes as deluers porters and such other persons as are in continuall trauell because they haue neede of such like food as consisteth of a grosse thicke and clammie iuice and in like manner such bread fitteth them best which hath no leuen in it is not much baked but remaineth somewhat doughie and clammie and which besides is made of the meale of Secourgeon of rie mingled with wheat of chesnuts rice beanes and such other grosse sort of pulse The bread that is made of the flower of the meale being the purest and finest part thereof is good for idle and vnlaboured persons such as are students 〈…〉 and other fine and daintie persons which stand in neede to be fed with â—ood of light and easie digestion Such is the white bread which is sold of the bakers and 〈◊〉 bread as also that which is wel leuened knodden somewhat salt somewhat hollow and well risen like vnto court bread The bread that is made onely of rie flower is verie blacke heauie 〈◊〉 slimie and melancholicke and for that cause hard to digest as also fit to be 〈◊〉 of thâ— countrie people and poore inhabitants of the land but not for men of 〈…〉 liuing at their ease It is true that Phisitians doe chiefely commâ—nd it in Sommer in the beginning of meate for to loosen the bellie as wee see it practised in the 〈◊〉 of great states but such bread must not be made of the intire meale of rie but such as is well sifted and it must beare the colour of waxe and bee new baked for that which is old groweth sowre and looseth his pleasant smel The women of Lyonnois to the end they may be faire and haue a fresh colour and solide and substantiall bodies do vse no other bread but such as is made of rie Such as are much altered and changed in steed of ptisanes cidre beere or any other such drinke may drinke of breaded water that is to say water wherein rie bread hath beene well beaten and laboured Bread made of barley meale only is verie dry easie to crumble away and of very small nourishment and therefore fitter to loosen the bellie than to feed or nourish by vertue and force of a detergent facultie wherewith barley is greatly furnished And this is the cause why at Rome this kind of bread is made no account of as for to be vsed of men leauing it as a food for cattell or else in reproch for faint-hearted and dastardly souldiers for it was vtterly forbidden for euer being set before such as were valiant and couragious in fight because of the small quantitie of nutritiue parts or nourishment that is in it It is true that many do imagine that the vse of barley bread doth make them lesse subiect vnto the gout contrarie to that which Aristotle saith in his Problemes That bakers and such as vse baking are weakned thereby but yet more than the rest such as vse to handle and worke much in barley stuffe The thing I leaue to be tried
THe quantitie of bread that euerie man ought to eat euery day cannot 〈◊〉 and strictly bee set downe with regard had to the time for in Winter men eate more than in Sommer age disposition of the bodie euerie particular 〈◊〉 maner of liuing and the custome of the countrie or place without the omitting of 〈◊〉 other circumstances It is true that Courties Chanons Monkes and Schollers of Colledges do keepe and obserue some rule that way but not so constantly but that it may bee broken as occasions may be offered which may perswade either to vse more or lesse The diuers vses of bread BRead is diuersly vsed but the two most common waies are to eat it either alone or with other meates whereunto it serueth not onely as wee haue said before in steed of a sauce that is full pleasant and delightfull but also to correct their vices and faults if they haue any and to helpe and strengthen their properties and vertues in so much that all meate is wholesome and healthfull if it bee accompanied with bread Sometimes it is tosted being cut into diuers thin shiues for to eate after all other meate for the drying of the stomach that is too moist and to hinder especially in fat folkes that the meat which they haue taken be not so sodainely dispersed into all the seuerall parts of the bodie Some say likewise that tosted bread being often eaten doth make fat folkes leane and consumeth such flegme as may be gathered in the stomach and being eaten all drie in a morning fasting it likewise drieth vp and stayeth all manner of rhumes and humours falling or gathered into any part or member whatsoeuer This is the cause why Physitians appoint bisket bread for such as are troubled with rheumes and distillations Some vâ—e tosted bread steept in Wine vvith sugar and cynamome to procure an appetite vnto a dull stomache either in sickenes or in health Some do make sippeâ—s or small â—â—ices as they call them of bread dried vpon the coales which they steepe an houre or more in Water and Wine and after force them through a strainer or temze adding thereto the powder of some small spice and so make very pleasant sauces therewithall Washed bread is a meate very profitable for the health in as much as it giueth a light kind of nourishment vnto the bodie without making of any obstructions and this because the washing of it doth wholly take away the heauines and clammines belonging vnto the earthie parts thereof and so maketh it light and altogether airie That this is true you shall find by experience because that if you cast it into the water it swimmeth a loft like a peece of corke and againe if you weigh it after that it is washed you will wonder at the lightnes of it for indeed you shall find it not to be so heauie by the halfe Old men of auncient time did cut it in slices and washing it in water made great account of it in sharpe agues and such other diseases because it is of smal and light nourishment according as is required in such sicknesses and in these dayes we make no lesse account of it saue that we vse not to wash it in water but in the broath of meate as of veale or capon possibly because of the daintines of this age or else for the parties feeblenes sake which it may bee falleth out to be greater than it was in the bodies of those which liued long a goe In steed of this washed bread we vse a sort of bread which we call Panade or a cooling bread which is thus prepared They take and crumble small the crummie part of a white loafe not new but old baked or they grate it very small after which they steepe it certaine houres in warme water or in cold water changing the same three or foure times and in the end boyling it at a small-coale fire in an earthen pot with buttered water or some other fat put thereto They that will make it after a finer fashion steepe it and boile it in some capon broth or the broth of a pullet or some other such like meate stirring it a long time and oft with a spoone this Panade is good for such as are troubled with long diseases as also for such as are in health but are troubled with crudities vpon their stomach of what cause soeuer they come as also for them that haue but bad digestion but chiefly good for such as by exquisite diet do go about to cure the pox This Panade doth not heat as bread doth of it selfe not being washed or prepared thus in Panade The meale of Amydon made in bread or pap-meat doth nourish in like manner that Panade doth Wee haue set downe before how Amydon is to be made Young children that sucke in like manner may be fedde with Panade and it is a great deale better meat for them than the 〈…〉 accustomed to be made them with Cowes milk and Wheat flower because that such pap-meate causeth infinite obstructions feauers headach and wormes Some vse the meale of certaine sorts of corne and of many sorts of Pulse after the manner of pap-meate as we haue alreadie said vvhen vve spake of mundified Barley which is a thing so highly commended of auncient Physitions But besides such manner of preparing of it as vvee haue alreadie deliuered in the Chapter of mundified Barley these two following may seeme vnto me to be most excellent boile your Barley in a great deale of vvater as it were almost to the consumption of the water gather the creame that is vppermost and take it with a spoone and make therâ—of â—â—â—dified Barley Otherwise thus take the meale of Barley well sifted put it in a bag and boile it in a great quantity of water the space of fiue or 〈◊〉 houres afterward draw the bagge out of the pot and let it drop and straine it in a presse let it stand drie and being drie grate it as you would doe drie paste and make mundified Barley of it Some are of iudgement that Barley thus prepared is not so windie Some do now and then put vnto it bread crummes and bruised Almonds to make it more nourishing It moistneth nourisheth reasonably but cooleth much it procureth not any gripes in the body neither doth it puffe vp and swell the body or stomack but to be briefe it performeth all the hâ—lpes whereof Hippocrates speaketh Some likewise doe make pap-meate of Wheat meale and Rice which in truth doe nourish more than mundified Barley but they loade the stomacke heauily and cause great windinesse and that because for the most part they are boiled in Cowes milke The pap-meate made of Millet Pannicke Oates and especially of Lentils besides that they are very vnpleasant are of very hard digestion in so much as that the day after they be eaten they are to be found in the stomacke The pap-meates made of Cich Pease 〈◊〉 Beanes Fetches Lupines and other
earth because that vnder the crust of the frost it inwardly gathereth its sâ—rength together afresh that afterward it may shew forth iâ—s whole force and power in the Spring Wherefore in cold places it will bee better to plant your vine before the Spring as on the contrarie in hot drie and vnwatered places in Autumne to the end that the raine which shall fall all Winter may supplie the defect of other water and that the roots may the sooner take in the earth and then and at that time principally when nature ministreth most nourishment vnto the rootes My counsell is that in planting vines there be not any holes made but rather little pits of a fadome and a halfe in widenesse and as much in depth and this is to be done in October if you mind to plant your vines in Februarie or else in August if you meane to plant your branches before Winter The principall tooles of a vine-dresser are the mattocke to digge and turne ouer the ground withall the forked picke axe to make pits withall thâ— spade the weede forke to cast vp weedes withal the rake a little saw a great hedging bill a little hedging bill to crop and cut off the wood and to make young branches and an aâ—gar to graâ—t the Vine withall CHAP. VIII Of the plant of the Blacke Vine COncerning the naturall plant of the black Vine it groweth euery where the wilde doth yeeld a sharp and rough wine such as that which groweth of ground newly broken vp but the Vine that is intended to be for Claret wine is planted halfe of blacke and halfe of white Wine and thereupon standeth in neede of another manner of dressing and seat than the common Vine doth in like sort it is harder to order well as requiring a verie great care to be taken about it because the wine which commeth thereof is most pleasant to the eye and of excellent taste albeit that it doe not nourish so much The yong plants of the blacke Vine are the Morillion the Samoyreaâ— the Negrier and the Neraut Besides which for to make Claret Wine it is accustomed to adde the yong white wine plant And for the mingling of them afterward to make a Claret it will in a manner suffice if among three or foure plants or branches of the blacke there be one of the white The best of the blacke plants is the Morillion the wood whereof being cut sendeth forth a redder liquor than any of the other and the best of this sort is the short one being iointed within the bredth of euerie three fingers at the most and growing more or lesse thicke according as the countrie is bearing and nourishing it it beareth a well packt fruit and hath a rounder leafe than any other of that sort The other Morillion hath a long wood iointed with ioints at the end of euerie foure fingers at the least it is thicker and fuller of pith within and in cutting also it is pithie and so more loose the barke except that on the outside is verie redde and the leafe three forked after the manner of a goose foote and like vnto the leafe of the â—igge-tree This second Morillion is otherwise called wilde Pinot it beareth but few cleere grapes and those also small but the wine proueth strong yea better than that of the â—irst Morillion The third Morillion called Beccane hath a blackewood and the fruit is like vnto it in the blossome it maketh a great shew of Wine but when it commeth to ripenes halfe the fruit and sometimes more falleth away The branch is longest iointed of all the rest and groweth more in length and height of wood than any of the other This third kind of Morillion is called Le frane Merillon lampereau it ripeneth before the other Vine plants and yeeldeth good wine and as much as both the other The Samoyreau is likewise found to be of three sorts the best of which branches is short iointed and of a verie hard wood the other draweth verie neere vnto it The third sort is called indented Samoyreau otherwise white Prunelat and that because that his wood is whiter than the other the wine it yeeldeth is of an vnpleasant taste and it beareth but some yeares It hath furthermore this fault that when the fruit should come to be gathered it is for the most part found fallen down and shed vpon the earth The Negrier called redde Prunelat hath a redde bark the wood is long iointed of a thicke and grosse pitch a leafe verie much cut and the grape great cleere verie redde and last ripe Wherefore there needeth to plant but a few of these red plants for the colouring of the other blacke and fastning of them it keepeth and defendeth itselfe from the frost because it hath a high stocke The Neraut called the blacke Bourguignon hath the same nature with the white Bourguignon a hard and a verie blacke vvood a fast and small pith ioints one vpon another an indifferent leafe and altogether round the foot thereof being verie redde the fruit very thicke and close standing one by another as though it were a piled or packed thing it saueth it selfe better from the frost than any other there needeth not so much to be planted of it for it maketh a deep colour in such sort as that they which haue great store of it planted make wine for woollen-diers and â—ell it very deere The small Rochell and Bourdelais of the same nature are scarce to bee found because they are not any great bearers neither yet good for any thing but making of arbours the wood is red as shal be said afterward in inâ—reating of the white vine except because it is â—ound a little redder of a very vermillion colour where it is cut off CHAP. IX Of the plants of the white vine THe best young plant of the white vine is the Frumenteau whose wood draweth towards a yellow colour next vnto it is the Muscadet which beareth a red wood next vnto the Muscadet is the â—ine Pinet of Anjou which hath a wood drawing neere vnto a greene and the fruit yellow as wax There is no young plant that is more apt to beare and indure the frost than the Gouest which beareth a tawnie coloured wood and is very thicke in his stocke hauing a round leafe and yeelding much fruit There is another kind of Gouest which is called sage Gouest so called because of the tast that it maketh in the mouth it is smally in request notwithstanding that it yeeld great store of wine and be no more subiect to the frost than the other Gouest of the same â—ort The fruitfullest of all the white vine plants is that which is called the white Bourguignon or Mourlon or else the Clozier whose ioints are distant some two fingers and a halfe and the fruit hauing a short taile is thicker and closer grown than the Rochelle the leafe is very
in this order and to water them often so long as vntill the buds doe put forth To keepe grapes all winter long you must cut them downe after the full Moone in a faire and calme season about eight a clocke in the morning when the deaw is vanished and afterward dip them in the Sea water ouer head and eares or else in salt brine mixt with a little boyling wine laying them afterward vpon barley straw Som put them in a vessell full of new wine or else in a vessell close couered and luted Other some doe keepe them in honie others annoint them ouer with the juice of Purslaine others keepe them in Oate chaffe CHAP. XIII Of the diseases of the Vine and the remedies for the same SOmtimes the Vine is troubled with violence of windes or else by the vnwarines of the Vine dresser wounding the same with his pickaxe in these cases you must couer the bruised or hurt place with goâ—â—es dung or sheepes dung mingled amongst verie choice earth and cast the ground round about them oftentimes with the pickeaxe The Vines will not be spoiled with the frost if in diuers places amongst thâ—â— there be made heapes of drie dung or chaffe and when you perceiue that frosts are toward to set the same on fire for the smoake rising thereof will breake the force of the frost notwithstanding if it come to passe that the Vine bee alreadie spoiled and the fruit destroyed it must bee cut off verie short that so his strength may yet continue in the remainder for the yeare following it will bâ—are twice as much fruit The vine will not be blasted if when it is about to bud you cut it as late as it may for this late cutting of it will make it to be in blossome at such time as the Sunne is in his greatest and most feruent heat To breake off such mists and fogs as are alreadie gathered in the aire for feare they should fall vpon the vines you must make a smoake round about the vineyard with the dung of goats well kindled and set on fire Against such fogs as haue already hurt the vines you must stamp the roots or leaues of wild cucumbers or of coloquintida and lay them to steepe in water and with the same to water the vines after the mists Some say that if there bee many bay trees planted in the vineyard that then all the malitiousnesse of the mists wil fall vpon their boughs Some say that the barren vine will become fruitfull if the bodie thereof bee watered with man or womans water that hath beene made long before and dropt vpon the vine stocke by little and little and if therewithall presently after it be laid about with dung mixt with earth and this cure must be done in Autumne Vines are perceiued to want moisture when their leaues turne very red this disease must be holpen by watering them with sea water or man or womans vrine The vine sometimes poureth forth great store of teares whereupon it commeth to passe that it looseth his force altogether The remedie is to breake the barke of the vine vpon the bodie therof and to annoint the wound with oyle boiled to the halfe or else with the lees of oyle not salted and afterward to water it with the strongest vineger that may possibly be found The vine sometimes falleâ—h into such a scattering disease as that it letteth its grapes fall off the markes and signes thereof are when the leaues thereof become white and drie and the branch falleth broad lenow and soft this is to be remedied with ashes beaten and mixt with strong vineger and rubd about the foot of the vine and by watering all that is round about the stocke The vine shooting out into ouer many branches must bee cut off verie short and if for all this it giue not ouer it must bee barred at the rootes and riuer grauell laid round about the stocke together with a few ashes or else some stones for to coole the same If the grapes wither and drie away as they hang vpon the vine you must take away such as are alreadie withered and water the rest with vineger and ashes of vine branches or for the more certaintie water the foot of the vine with strong vrine which hath stood a long time There are some vines that do rot the fruit which they haue newly brought forth before such time as they become fully growne and ripe to cure this mischiefe you must put old ashes vnto their roots or grauell or else barley meale mixt with seed of purcelane about the stocke and bodie To preuent that the biting or breath of oxen and kine which are very hurtful vnto vines may not do them any hurt at all you must wateâ— the foot of euery vine stock with water wherein the hides of oxen or kine or some such other beasts haue beene steept and mollified for oxen and kine haue the stench of this water in such detestation as that they will not abide to come neere vnto the vine Caterpillers lice and such other like small vermine will not hurt â—he bud or the leafe of the vine if the hooke or hedgebill wherewith you prune and cut away the superfluous boughâ— of your vine be annointed ouer with the bloud of a male goat or the fat of an asse or of a beare or with the oile wherein caterpillers or brayed garlicke haue been boiled or if you annoint and rub them with the purse and sheath of a badgers stones after that it hath been ground To driue away little noisome beasts which are called locusts from the vines you must procure smoakes to be raised amongst the vines of the dung of oxen or Galbaâ—um or of some old shooe-soles or of harts-horn or of womans haire or for to plant amongst the said plants some pionie To preserue the vines from being annoied of the small beasts called shrewes you must cut them in the night when the Moone is in the signe Leo Scorpio Sagittarius or Taurus or else you must water your vines with water wherein haue beene steeped in the Sunne for the space of ten daies ten riuer or sea craie fishes Pismires fretting in sunder the wood of the vine euen vnto the marrow will not hurt the same at all if you annoint and rub the stocke with the dung of kine or greaâ—e of asses The bay-tree and coleworts doe likewise hurt vines very much if they be planted in the same ground but especially the coleworts which the vine hateth aboue all the rest there being a naturall and deadly contrarietie betwixt those two plants in so much as that coleworts are a preseruatiue from drunkennesse at wee shall further declare by and by wherefore the good vine-dresser shall neuer sow or planâ— any coleworts baie-trees or hasell in his garden of vines CHAP. XIIII Of the manner of gathering grapes or of vintage THe last paine
enough then twice so much in a pot holding fiftie four quarts boile them till the fourth part bee consumed or if the wine bee sweete it must be boiled to the spending of the third part but such wine may be of his owne distilling out of the grapes before they be trodden and very cleere otherwise put into a vessell thirtie pints of strong vineger wherein let steepe for the space of twelue daies the inward part of a white sea onion which hath beene in the Sunne thirtie daies after that take the vineger and let it settle and abide in some place where you wil to vse it afterward Dioscorides in his one and twentieth chapter of his fourth booke discribeth another manner of it It is to obserued and noted that all sorts of vineger are best helped to keepe their tartnesse by putting into their vessels at the bung hole a sticke of red withie CHAP. XXI Of the manner of making of Veriuice THe most common manner of making of Veriuice in this countrie is to gather the greene grapes from of the vine frames or the grapes which are not yet ripe and are left vpon the vines after vintage and hauing gathered them to tread and presse them afterward after the manner of ripe grapes putting the liquor or iuice thereof into vessells and salting the same by and by after that it hath purged out all its scum and filth by boiling as new wine doth In the Northern countries they do also make Veriuice of crabs mingling a little salt therewithall Some make a drie Veriuice after this manner they take the greenest that they can get pressing the iuice thereout which afterward they boile in a brasen vessell vntill it become thicke and as it were congealed then they drie it in the Sunne and keepe it for their vse othersome boile it not at all but drie it in the Sunne till it come to the thicknesse of honie To make your Veriuice looke more greene and to be better and to preuent that it may not turne and become mouldie or hoarie you must the day after it is turned vp into its vessell plucke a bunch or two of blacke grapes and cast them into the vessell at the bung-hole euen in whole clusters and then to salt it after that it hath beene boiled CHAP. XXII Containing certaine discourses by the way of inuention nature faculties differences and necessitie of Wine AS we haue in the former booke at large intreated of bread and of the differences thereof according to the vse wherein it is imployed namely the nourishment of mans bodie so now after the manner of ordering and husbanding of the vine and so of the fruit which commeth of such husbanding thereof which is Wine it shall not seeme vnreasonable if summarily wee discourse and stand vpon the necessitie nature faculties and differences of Wine whereof we make so great account ordinarily in our drinking thereof And to the end that we may now come to the matter Seeing not only the substance of mans bodie but of all other liuing creatures is subiect through vitall heate continually working in them vnto a perpetuall wast and expending of it selfe nature being prouident ouer her owne workes hath giuen vnto and put in all sorts of liuing creatures an incredible desire of eating and drinking to the end that this waste and losse of substance might bee repaired and restored by the well bounded increase comming of eating and drinking for otherwise naturall heate destitute of such her food and nourishment would quickly be choked and quenched Now the substance of euery liuing bodie is threefold the first is and consisteth of spirits the second of humours the third of solide parts all which three substances may possibly be repaired by a solide substance if so be that such solide nourishment could easily bee digested and distributed throughout the whole habite and vniuersall masse of the bodie But seeing that such is the solidnesse hardnesse and grosenesse therof as that it cannot it was needfull that it should be accompanied with some floting and fluide liquor which might stand in steed of a wagon or chariot to conueigh and carrie it vp and downe the bodie Ioine also thereunto that this fluent liquor hath without comparison a greater power than the solide nourishment to let and hinder the drying vp of the solide parts and to temper all such heat as otherwise vpon euerie light motion might at euerie moment offend and hurt them This losse and continuall expence of this threefold substance which in the end doth first bring old age and afterward death doth grow through that iarre and disagreement which is in the foure elements vvhereupon the whole bodie is compounded and framed vvhich elements also notwithstanding that they may seeme vnited and ioyned together in a certaine kind of harmonie consent amitie and inuiolable bond yet by reason of secret rancour and mutuall disagreement happening through their contrarie qualities they doe so warre one vpon another as that by little and little they do procure the ruine dissolution and vtter ouerthrow of that bodie which before they had consented to frame and compose Physitions ouer and besides this do acknowledge another cause of this expence of nature and bringing in of old age and lastly death vvhich is fore-slowed and kept off by eating and drinking and that is naturall heat vvhich feedeth vpon the radicall moisture seated in the substance of the solide parts vvhich moisture the sooner that it is dried vp wasted and consumed by the foresaid heat so much the shorter is the course of life But this radicall moisture and the continuall losse of spirits it repaired by the addition of eating and drinking and so the life drawne forth to a longer terme Wherefore Nature being carefull of the preseruation and long continuance of the bodies of liuing creatures vvhich otherwise for the occasions aboue named vvould grow old and perish in a few houres taketh not anie other course for the same but by eating and drinking vvhich are the two meanes to sustaine and preserue so much as is possible the liues of all liuing things And as for eating let vs leaue off to haue anie thing to doe with it as hauing spoken thereof in the former booke and let vs come to the second vvhich is drinking The common drinke of all liuing creatures is water OLd and ancient Histories doe sufficiently testifie that water was the first drinke which men vsed generally throughout the world and wherewith they contented themselues a long time to vse it onely for the quenching of their thirst but afterward vvhen voluptuousnesse seized vpon mens appetite they inuented and set before them diuers sorts of drinkes Wherefore hauing reiected water as a tastlesse and vnsauourie thing they haue in place thereof in all such Coasts and Countries as where the heat of the Sunne might bring forth and lead along the grape vnto his full ripenesse chosen Wine for the most excellent and delightsome drinke of all others
superfluities accidently it cooleth in such sort as that it bringeth to nothing and quite vndoeth the prouocations and acts of lust which of it selfe and by its owne nature it might otherwise maruellously prouoke And hereupon it is that Aristotle sayeth That the seed of drunkards becommeth dead and fruitlesle and their children blocke-headed groutndles Wherefore euen as wine when as by its feruent vapours it assaileth the head and â—illeth the braine prouoketh drunkennesse and foolishnesse so when the said vapours are thickâ—ed somewhat and congealed into a serous and waterish substance by the coldnesse of the head if they bee not discussed and spent by the power and force of nature the excrement which shall be thereby ingendred although that the drunken sit being passed ouer the partie come againe to the enioying of his former estate and seeme to bee well if it remaine long time in the braine and being fast setled therein grow further and gather more vnto it doth in the end stirre vp many diseases of the head as hardnesse of hearing deafenesse noyses in the eares blindnesse the falling sicknesse conuulsions palsiâ—s apoplexies and many other such like of all which it is not otherwise to be accounted the cause and originall than by way of accident as also of that sudden strangling disease which it causeth not but very seldome On the other side if this excrement gathered in the braine by the immoderate vse of wine happen to fall downe vpon the inferiour parts it will breed many distillations and catarrhes hoarsnes rheumes coughs gouts difficulty of breathing and many other symptomes very hard to be cured yea and by its vaporoushes how soberly and in how moderate quantitie soeuer it be drunke it becommeth noysome and hurtfull to such as haue a weake braine and their sinewes and ioinâ—s infirme and feeble for vnto such people it becommeth so egregious an aduersarie as that if one troubled with the gout should at the same time that this paine is vpon him tast but some few drops thereof washing his mouth onely therewithall he shall presently feele his paine increased and falling into a far greater rage Yea which is more such excrement ingendred in the head getteth there such a kind of enimitie and aduerse qualitie and that so at iarre and malitiously bent against the ioints as that it rusheth it selfe in its distillations rather vpon the ioints than vpon any other parts and so causeth gouts and ioint aches Finally this excrement being of a subtile and sharp substance falleth and penetratâ—h easily into the lungs as also corrupteth and exulcerateth them There are also other most daungerous annoyâ—nces which wine of it selfe and by its very nature causeth For in as much as it is of a hot and drie temperature if it be not drunke moderately and well delaied by the long vse thereof in hot and drie bodies it is wo ot to ouer heat and drie their noble parts to ingender great of cholericke humours which standing without remooue and motion must needs breed many maladies and diseases From hence spring out agues both continuall and intermittent inflamations of the inward parts as the liuer spleene and lungs the plurifie passion of the reines and such other inflamations of many other parts which haue not as yet any proper name assigned them Hence likewise grow all itches tetters wild fires flying fires cankers and all sorts of vlcers Those therefore that are prone and apt to fall into such inconueniencies of diseases or which are alreadie through the ill ordering of their life fallen into the same must altogether abstaine the drinking of wine or at the least drinke but a very little yea though it should be very weake and well delaied with water The old writers and amongst others Cicero in his third booke of the nature of the gods thought it good that seeing wine doth seldome profit and hurt very often that it were better not to permit it at all to be vsed of those which are sick rather than vnder a conceited hope of some doubtfull health to expose and lay them open to manifest daunger by the vse thereof Notwithstanding we dayly find that the vse of wine is very commodious and profitable for cold and moist complexions being such as are troubled with cold and moist diseases Wherefore the wise and well aduised Physitian may tollerate the vse thereof when he knoweth that there is need for the concoction of some cold diseases yea and oftentimes also in cold diseases as in such whose conioyned and next cause he findeth to be nourished and maintained by some primitiue and antecedent cause that is hot That it is not good for such as are in health to vse pure and vnmixt wine THe learned of auncient time haue alwaies permitted the moderate vse of wine being delayed with water when it should be vsed of them which were whole but haue alwaies reiected and disallowed pure and vndelayed wine as also surfetting and that in their feasts and bankets For Hesiodus commaundeth that there should be three thirds of water mixed with one fourth part of wine and this not to be vsed commonly but at some solemne feasts and bankets Athenaeus writeth that the Grecians vsed to drinke two glasses of wine delaied with fiue glasses of water or one glasse of wine delaied with three glasses of water And in very truth our ancient predecessors did put and mingle wine amongst water and not water amongst wine for they put but a very little quantitie of wine into their water as Theophrastus reporteth Which custome and vse of sobrietie must be followed and immitated by the decrees and appointment of Phisitians And as for the quantitie of wine to be drunken the poet Ebâ—lus bringeth in Dionysius speaking to that end in this sort Tres tantum pater as quibus est mens sana propinâ— Quarum quae fuerit prima salubris erit Proxima delicias factura est tertia somnnm Luxus erit positum transiliisse modum This decree and ordinance hath bin approued by them which haue forbidden by their laws that the Romane priests should not drinke any more than three glasses at a meale And as concerning age vvine is hurtfull vnto young children as also vnto them which are growne vp to greater yeares because that vvine by his very much drinesse destroyeth and ouerthroweth their hot and moist constitution vvhich Hippocrates commandeth to be maintained by things that are moist And that it is so we see that such children as vse to drinke vvine howsoeuer it be dilayed their liuer being dried and ouer-heated by the contiâ—all vse of the said vvine doe fall for the most part into a long and lasting flux of the belly and in the end into an irrecouerable hectick feuer vvhich the common people call a withering and pining away and out of which there is not one of a hundred that escapeth For this cause Galen was altogether against the giuing of children any tast of vvine as also any
others who like children are of a hot and moist temperature and constitution because that by his vaporousnesse it filleth the braine and doth infinite hurt and mischiefe Plato in his precepts of ordering a Commonwealth commaundeth children to be kept from vvine till they be fifteene yeares old and his reason is for that fire must not be added vnto fire from fifteene vnto fortie he permitteth the moderate vse thereof and after this age he aduiseth to drinke much and that very good for the mitigating and qualifying of the discommodious troublesome and noysome occurrences which may happen in the life of man And this his opinion is not altogether to be reiected for as vvine is altogether enemie vnto children so it maketh recompence in the good it doth vnto old persons Plinie saith That vvine hindereth those which prepare themselues to doe speake or enterprise any good thing and this was the cause why Plato forbad the vse of vvine to sage and learned men except it were in their feasts or sacrifices The Romans for sundry reasons did likewise forbid the vse of vvine to women and seruants We reade in histories That the vertues of many famous and great personages haue beene obscured and eclipsed by the vse of vvine Of this wee haue Lysander Captaine of the Lacedemonians for a vvitnesse who was a prudent wise and good disposer of all his matters and affaires saue that of the vse of vvine Antiochâ—â— the great Demetrius lying for a pledge and hostage at Rome Alexander of Macedonie Dionysius the younger the tyrant Zenocrates the Philosopher Anacreon and Alcaeus the Lyricke Poets and Aristophanes the Comedian Ennius Marcus Antonius Triumuir Cato Vticensis and such others For this cause the Locri inhabiting the Promontorie Zephirium in Greece as Athenaeus recordeth thought it to be an offence worthie death for to drinke vvine Of the same opinion at this day are the Sarazins moued thereto as well by Mahomets law as also by the imitating of the ancient custome of the Gentils and Arabians Let vs then conclude that vvine not onely in excessiue quantitie and by reason of his vaporousnesse doth cause all the annoyances alreadie set downe but that also in respect of his heat and drinesse it is most pernicious vnto hot and drie natures as also vnto hot and moist ones if it be not well dilayed especially if it be continually vsed though it be taken in neuer so moderate a quantitie And yet notwithstanding more or lesse according to age custome and manner of liuing the season of the yeare and constitution of the ayre because that in old folke and all such as in vvhom crude flegme and melancholike iuice doth abound his heat and drinesse is in such sort rebated that for the most part it is vsed of them very safely and securely both as a well nourishing and likewise as a good Physicall helpe especially in Winter and cold Countries You must therefore in all sorts of natures so temper all his noysome qualities by the mingling of water as that it may be taken with the least hurt that possibly may be When as therefore the vvine is mixt with the water the parts both of the one and the other are broken and parted as it were into small inuisible portions vvhereupon there ariseth betwixt them both a mutuall doing and suffering and their qualities so confounded and becomming one notwithstanding their former contrarietie as that into how much the lesse parts the diuision is made by so much the more apt and easie they proue to be mingled and made one Whosoeuer therefore shall mingle vvine vvith vvater or vvater vvith vvine must first stirre them a long time and then before he drink them let them settle and rest a while because for certainetie the contrarie qualities of the wine and water will be so much the more repressed corrected rebated and vnited by how much they are the longer time and the more exactly mingled together Although that if we will examine the things a little neere we shall â—ind that euen wine delayed ceaseth noâ— to offend and do harm if it be taken in ouer great quantitie or at vnseasonable times especially of such as are of a hot and drie disposition as we shall declare hereafter But this is enough which hath beene said of wine in generall now let vs examine all the particular differences of the same The differences of Wine IN wine wee are to consider the colour relish smell facultie and consistence for from these are taken and gathered the principall differences of Wine As concerning the colour some is white some of a light some of a sad yellow some betwixt red and white like to the colour of honie other some of a deep red and others of a pleasanter red blacke or darke shadowed White wine generally is of a thinner sâ—bstance than the red it is easily concocted and digested it pierseth speedily through the whole bodie worketh more vpon the veines but noâ—risheth lesse That sort of white Wine which is thinne hot and full of Wine is concocted and distributed more speedily than any of the rest purging the bloud by vrine but it offendeth the head most of all especially French white Wine Water by reason of its coldnesses and red or darke shadowed Wine by reason of its thicknesse doe slowly passe away by vrine The contrarie is found in white Wine especially such as is of a thin substance and which is hot That which is of a deepe yellow or somewhat inclining to a yellow hath his vertues approching very neere to those of the white Wine Red Wine is woont to be more slow of concoction than all the rest as also to bee distributed throughout the whole bodie or carried away by vrine because it is of a grosser substance than any of the rest but yet to recompence these discommodities withall it nourisheth more and offendeth the head lesse The lighter red Wine holdeth the meane and middle catch of all the rest White Wine which is of a thin and waterie substance without any verdure or sharpnes of tast such as we haue great store of here in our countrie is likewise of an easie digestion and quickly passing and distributed through the body and yet notwithstanding hurteth not the head neither increaseth any great store of heate in so much as that this kind of white Wine is more wholesome and safe both for the sound and sicke than the white Wine which is thinne and full of Wine in taste especially in persons that are fat and full bodied because it nourisheth lesse than all the rest Galen is of iudgement that red and thick Wines are turned without any great paine into bloud and so next vnto them the blacke or deepe red and grosse wines if so be they be accompainied with some small smatch of sweetnesse and next vnto these which are of a light red those which are of a deepe red thicke substance and astringent facultie nor for that they can be digested
and waterish which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say not admitting the mixture of any quantitie of water of which we will speake more amply hereafter being as it were like vnto water in thinnesse and colour and hauing little or no sent in them neither yet any manifest heate They nourish but very little for there is is but a very little of their substance turned into bloud but they cause great store of vrine and agree better than any other wines with all sorts of natures if wee may beleeue Galâ—n There are other weake waterish and greenish wines very ordinarie in this countrie which are hurtfull vnto old men and all other cold constitutions as hauing in them very small store of heate and yet sometime profitable vnto hot constitutions as in Sommer according to our former aduertisement There are others that are very good but hot and strong of an easie concoction and speedily distributed but nothing lesse vapourous than white wines whereupon they trouble the braine and make men drunken and so proue hurtfull to such as are rheumatike and subiect to distillations Such wines are brought hither out of Gascoigne very well pleasing princes and men of great estate all of them being of a yellow colour either deeper or lighter The wines of Ay as they are inferiour to them of Gascoigne in strength so they are better and without comparison more wholesome The grosse and thicke wines some of them are simply such and consist in mediocritiâ— and othersome are very grosse and thicke We haue heretofore declared that grosse wines are of a more hard concoction and slow digestion than other wines are but being once concocted and digested they yeeld a more firme and solide nourishment vnto the bodie And of them more than the rest such as are very grosse and thicke which for certaine are hardest to be concocted and digested of all others These sorts of wine for that they ingender many rebellious and obstinate obstructions are not fit to be vsed but of dressers of vineyards and such other as leade a toilesome life as wee haue declared before Such wines as are indifferent thin and indifferent thicke are profitable for many purposes and the rather in that they charge not the head as the strong wines do and those which are of subtile substance neither yet ingender obstructions as those which are thicke and grosse doe The wine called of the Grecians Oligophorum is the holesomest of all others Wine smelleth well or else nothing at all The odoriferous wines are very apt and commodious for the begetting of good humours and to recreat and fetch againe the powers of the bodie but they assaile and charge the head especially if it be of a subtile substance and of a reddish or yellowish colour or of a deepe yellow they are also more hot than the other sorts of wines For that which is such doth help very much for the making of concoction easie and for the begetting of fine and subtile bloud but it filleth the head full of vapours and heate and greatly offendeth the sinewes and vnderstanding whereupon it proueth very apt to cause headach and a world of rheume The wine that hath small or no smell no not any more than water is called waterish Such vtter depriuation or want of smell in wine is a mightie note and most certaine marke that the same is but a weake and cold wine as the strong and mightie smell of the same is a very notable signe of his force and strength Such wine as is neither of an ill smell neither yet without smell but hath a certaine sâ—inging and vnpleasant sent which it hath gotten either of the soile or of the vessell or by some other occasion is not good for any bodie For as nothing as Columella testifieth draweth to it strange and vnnaturall sents more speedily than wise In like sort nothing impaireth or communicateth his hurtfull qualities sooner to the heart and noble parts than wine when it is drunke Amongst wines some are generous and noble wines and therefore said to be full of wine contrarie to those which are waterish and admitting the mixture of much water These heate much hurt the sinewes make a full braine stir vp frensies mightily increaseth the heate of agues and to be briefe they are not delayed with a great quantitie of water and doe good but to a few There are other which are weake and for this cause called Oligophora and waterie These wines are of two sorts some greenish which haue a sensible cooling facultie fitting cholericke stomaches and hot countries if so be that a strong stomacke can beare them and of these wee haue spoken before others which are waterie and of a thinne substance not retaining any smell but agreeing with all natures be the stomacke neuer so weake and especially with those which are often tormented with the megrim or long continued head-ach they comfort concoction prouoke vrine and sweat and offend the head nothing at all more harmelesse than any other sort of vvine they may be permitted to such as are sicke of agues for that they cannot be said to be of any manifest qualitie as other vvines may for they are neither sowre nor astringent neither yet sweet or sharpe nor yeelding any kind of smell Of these kinds of vvine some as Galen saith grow in euery countrey and coast but much more in this of France than in any other the greatest part whereof doe participate a certaine greenenesse especially vvhen the yeares fall out cold and moist Such vvines are called of the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 They are not any way noysome or hurtfull to the head but very profitable because as Galen saith they asswage and take away head-ach rising of the cruditie of the stomacke that is to say when the stomacke being weakened and as it were relaxed by the eating of some hurtfull victuals or by the drinking of some such like water is made the receptacle of some offending humour â—lowing thither from the whole bodie Which offensiue humour so contained in the stomacke becommeth corrupt and from that corruption sendeth vp burne and adust fumes vnto the braine which cause like paine in the head to that which commeth of fasting and from these annoyances the head is deliuered by the vse of this vvine vvhich by and by tempereth these putrified â—umes especially if the vvine haue any astringencie in it whereby the stomacke may be fortified and strengthened For such vvines doe by and by driue downeward that which is hurtfull in the stomacke carrying it along with it selfe and casting it forth and therefore verie auaileable for such as liue a loitering and sitting life and apply themselues wholly vnto the reading and studying of good Authors The differences of Wines according to the properties of the Countries IT remaineth now that we briefely discourse of the wines which we vse in Paris and those such as are either growne there or
very right necessarie in parkes as well for the reliefe and sustenance of wild beasts as for the watering washing and moistning of the grounds to make them fruitfull Besides whensoeuer your gaine is extreamely hunted and brought to the pinch of extremitie then he will flie to the water which is called the soile and there find reliefe and rescue for according to the saying of the profit Dauid As the Hart desireth the water brooks c. so a deere in his greatest extremitie findeth reliefe and is refreshed by drinking or bathing in the water For a betâ—er proofe whereof I will repeate vnto you a notable true and very memorable experiment approued by a gentleman of good worship and place in his countrie who being a very good hunts-man and very well experienced in the nature of wild deare It was his chaunce to bring vp a tame Stagge which by the excellencie of his keeping and full feeding grew a verie faire and great deere as soone as the deere was three yeares old hee caused him to be broke to the saddle and being himselfe a good horse-man and hauing a good horse-man then attending vpon him what through the ones instruction and the others paine the Stagge became so well reclaimed that not any gelding in his stable was more obedient to the man better mouthed or more tractable to carrie his rider than the Stag was in so much that when at any time the gentleman went forth a coursing or to other pleasure he would cause the Stagge to be ridden forth with him also when he traueild any smal iournie the Stagge also carried a man with him but the rider of the Stagge found that after hee had gone three or foure miles the Stagge did â—uer faint and grew wearie which as soone as he imparted to his master he presently commanded him to ride the Stagge when he so fainted to the next water and there cause him to drinke onely calling to mind the saying of Dauid before rehearsed and he found that so soone as the Stagge had drunke hee was as fresh as at his first setting forth and by that obseruation onely could make the deere trauell twentie and fiue and twentie miles a day without any trouble by which it is most credibly found that not any thing can be more necessarie in a park than store of sweet cold water of which the riuer is best the fountaine next and the standing pond the worst notwithstanding the standing pond how euer it is the worst water yet it is very commodious because in it you may breed all sorts of daâ—â—tie fresh fish as the carp bream pike tench and perch also in them you may both feede and breede all manner of wild foule by framing little Islands in the middest of those lakes or ponds where the swans bussards elkes and other smaâ—l foule may frame their nests and lay their eggs out of the daunger of the water In the most conuenientest laund of the parke which is most spatious and fruitfull and which hath the greatest prospect into the parke and where the deere take greatest delight to feed there you shall build the lodge or house for the Keeper to dwell in and it shall by all meanes stand cleane and open euerie way so as there may bee no secret approch made vnto the same but such as the Keeper may easily behold from his windowes and it shall stand so faire in the view of the laund that from thence a man may see euery way round about the same and some part vp into the high woods and other most secret parts of the parke so that when the least disturbance or troble is offered vnâ—o the deere a man may from that lodge take notice of the same this house must bee made like vnto a little forcellet or fort strong and with diuers angles the windowes whereof so flanking one another that when any approach by stealers or other malitious persons shall bee made to the same the Keeper may from thence either with his bowes or with some other engines so annoy them that they shall by no meanes besiege or coope him vp in his house which is the practise of many subtile knaues but that hee may dispight their force issue forth and defend himselfe and his charge against them if there bee any part of the house which the windowes cannot flanker as the doores iaumes or such like then ouer them shall bee made little loopeholes through which the Keeper may either shoot cast stones or scalding water to make them auoid from the same close by this lodge shall bee built the kennell for the Keepers hounds and the cocke-house where hee shall keepe his fighting cockes and hennes also without it shall bee made a place for him to hang the hornes which his deere shall cast at the latter end of the Spring time also in your parke as well at both the ends of your laund which are the next adioining to the couert as in all other suspitious places where any man may in the night course your deere you shall place long stickes or slaues which are foure or fiue foot in length and two or three inches in compaâ—â—e with both the ends sharpned exceeding sharpe and stuck sloapewise into the ground and standing not aboue a foot and a halfe or two foot aboue the the ground at most and these you shall set crossewise very thicke that when a stealer shall come to course in the night his grey hound may run and goarâ— himselfe against the same you shall also by no meanes alongst your pale walke plant fruit trees blacke-thorne or bullies for they are the occasion of much hurt and destruction to your pale vnder the colour of gathering the fruit and breed a great decay to your quickset besides many other mischiefes which are excussed by the pretence of getting that fruit onely yet would I not haue the parke vnfurnished of all manner of fruit for besides the pleasure thereof they are an excellent mast in which deere infinitly delight and are â—ed very much with the same You shall not by any meanes in one parke mixe the red deere and the fallow deere together for the red deere is a masterfull beast and when the time of bellowing commeth he growes fierce and outragious so that hee will be entire Lord of the field and will kill the fallow deere if they but crosse him in his walke and therefore each must bee kept seuerally in seuerall parkes Againe Cranes Raâ—ens and wild-geese are excellent things to be nourished in a parke and will stand in steed of Keepers vnto the same for in the night time if any thing stir about the ground to which they are not continually accustomed they will with their clamours and noise not only giue warning to the Keeper but any that shall dwell neare to the ground not ceasing their noise till the ground be at peace and rest againe It is meet also that there should bee great store of grasse ground
water and salt and after to make a cataplasme of the yelkes of egs beaten with strong vineger and the iuice of the herbe called Pilosella Iâ— in coursing they shall haue taken any thrushes vpon any part of their bodies with the the tip of the harts horne or with the bores tuske you must applie to the place a plaister of the root of great comfrey an emplaister of melisote and oile of roses as much of the one as of the other but before you applie the plaister you must cut the haire away from the place where the griefe is To cause dogs to pisse make them drinke the decoction of mallowes hollihocks the roots of â—ennell and brambles made with white wine If dogs haue gotten any disease in their eares drop therein veriuice mingled with the water of cheruile continuing to do so three or foure mornings You shall find a larger discourse of the nature conditions differences and diseases of dogs in the first Booke in the chapter of the kennell Yet because there is one other sort of hunting dogs which although they are for birds and not for wild beasts yet in their kinds they are as noble and as generous as any other dogs whatsoeuer and as much in vse amongst great persons and these dogs are called field or land spannels of which sith before no Auther hath fully intreated I will here giue you a little touch or tast of the nature disposition and manner of goâ—ening them To speake then of the land spannell you shall vnderstand that he is be nature very gentle courteous and louing to the man more than any other sort of dogs whatsoeuer they also naturally loue to hunt the wing of any bird whatsoeuer especially partridge pheasant quaile raile poots and such like when you make choice of any spannell you shall chuse him by his shape beautie mettall and cunning hunting his shape is descerned in the good composition of his bodie as when he hath a round thicke head a short nose a long well compast and hairie eare broad and sydelips a cleere red eie a thicke neck broad breast short and well knit ioints round feete strong cleys high dewcleyd good round ribs a gaunt bellie a short broad backe a thicke bushie and long haired taile and all his bodie generally long and well haired his beautie is discerned in his colour of which the motleys or pide are the best whether they bee blacke and white red and white or liuer hued and white for to be all of one entire colour as all white or all bladke or all red or all liuer hued without any other spot is not so comely in the field although the dogs notwithstanding may be of excellent cunning his mettall is discerned in his free and vntired laboursome raunging beating a field ouer and ouer and not leauing a furrow vntrodden or vnsearcht where any haunt is likely to bee hidden and when hee doth it most coragiously and swiftly with a wanton playing taile and a busie labouring nose neither desisting or shewing lesse delight in his labour at night than he did in the morning and his cunning hunting is discerned by his casting about heedfully and running into the wind of the pray he seeketh by his stilnesse and quietnesse in hunting without babling or barking but when hee is vpon an assured and certaine haunt by the manner of his raunging as when hee compasseth a whole field about at the first and after lesneth and lesneth that circumference till he haue trodden euery path and brought the whole circuit to one point and by his more temperate and leasurely hunting when he comes to the first scent of the game sticking vpon it and pricking it out by degrees not opening or questing by any meanes but whimpring and whining to giue his master a warning of what he scenteth and to prepare himselfe and his hauke for the pleasure hee seeketh and when he is assured of his game then to quest out loudly and freely Now it is to be vnderstood that it is hard to haue one spannell to be absolute cunning in all the qualities of hunting as to be an excellent raunger an excellent finder and an excellent retainer because one qualitie is almost in nature cleere contrarie to another for he that is a good and free raunger can neuer be confined or bound into one particular small compasse but will out of his owne mettall breake forth into much larger compasse and so both lose time in hunting and also giue the game more leasure to get breath or fleit away priuatly from the place where it was markt and so deceiue the hauke of her expectation and in like sort a good retainer which will sticke vpon the place whereto he is oppointed and will beat it ouer and ouer many times euen as it were by inchmeale neuer leauing till he haue sprung the game he seeketh can neuer bee esteemed for a good raunger because the leasure he taketh will not giue him leaue to rid much ground and so likewise of all other seuerall qualities therefore euery man must esteeme his spannyel for the one good qualitie he holdeth and cannot for diuers and so mixing his kennell of good raungers good noses and retainers he shall bee sure to attaine to the vttermost height of his pleasure he wisheth There bee some spannels which delight in the plaine and open field and those are the best for the partridge quaile or raile there be othe others which delight in woods hedges bushes and couerts and those are best for the pheasant and moore pooâ— and these are commonly the best retainers and the former the best raungers There is also another sort of land spannyels which are called Setters and they diffor nothing from the former but in instruction or obedience for these must neither hunt raunge nor retaine more or lesse than as the master appointeth taking the whole limits of whatsoeuer they doe from the eie or hand of their instructer they must neuer at any time quest what occasion soeuer shall happen but as being dogs without voices so they must hunt close and mute and when they come vpon the haunt of that they hunt they shall sodainly stop and fall downe vpon their bellies and so leasurely creepe by degrees to the game till they come within two or three yards thereof or so neere that they cannot presse neerer without daunger of retriuing then shall your Setter â—â—icke and by no persuasion go further till your selfe come in and vse your pleasure Now the dogs which are to be made for this pleasure should be the most principall best and lustiest spannyell you can get both of good scent and good courage yet young and as little as may bee made acquanted with much hunting the way to traine him to his knowledge is by all louing meanes or else awfull where loue taketh not effect as by fasting threatnings and some stripes to make him both feare and loue you far aboue all other persons
the streame to bereaue the dogges by that meanes of comming by the sent of him The horsemen shall see to such his escapes and therefore if he haue taken his way into any champion ground they shall find out his traces by the sight of the eye and with the blast of the horne they shall cheere vp and encourage their dogges to a new course If the Hart haue taken the water whether it be for the cooling of himselfe or as the vttermost refuge he hath for the sauing of his life the hunter shall looke at what place the Hart shall haue taken the same and there cast in good store of boughes attending his passage and if they see that he commeth not out of the water they shall cause their dogges to take the water or else if they be afraid of causing them to take cold they shall send to seeke a boat or else if they can swimme they shall put off all their clothes and with a dagger in 〈◊〉 and swimme vnto him to kill him and yet they must looke that they see not vpon him but in some deepe place because that if the Hart find ground for his feet he would be able to hurt one of them with his horns whereas in a deepe place he hath no strength Furthermore there must great wisedome be vsed in the hunting of the Hart when he can no longer hold out but being out of all hope of his life standeth still and suffereth the dogges to barke at him for then he groweth dangerous as being giuen to strike with his hornes the first of the hunters that he can meeâ— withall And this is the cause why it is growne to a prouerbe A Beere for a Hart and a Barber for a vvilde Bore Wherefore it standeth euerie man vpon to looke vvell to himselfe in comming neere vnto the Hart when he endureth the bay and not to aduenture too farre and hazard himselfe too boldly When the Hart is taken he that shall haue giuen the blow shall â—orthwith thereupon sound the retrait to the end hee may call together his fellow hunters and the dogges and after he hath presented the right foot of the Hart vnto the King or vnto his Lord then to cut him vp as he shall know it meet to be done In the meane time he must not forget to take care of the dogges and to giue them some reliefe sustenance of the prey they haue gotten in hunting vnto the bloud-bound that is vnto the dog which by his sent hath led the way to the Hart his lodging he shall cast the head and the heart as his right and due vnto the rest he shall giue the necke and braine of the Hart or which is better he shall take bread and cut it into little lunches into to a panne with cheese and temper the same both together with the bloud of the Hart in his greatest heaâ— and afterward put all this prouision forthwith vpon the skin stretched forth vpon the grasse and in the meane space euery man shall put his horne vnto his mouth and therewithall comfort and cheere vp the dogges Some men vse now and then and yet after this first prouision to make a second with the entrailes of the Hart all whole which the master hunts-man doth cast vnto the dogges after they haue ended their feast holding them vp on high and whiles the dogges are eating these entrails they must be cheered vp with the noise of the hornes shoutings and hallowings CHAP. XXVI Of the profit that may be reaped by the killing of the Hart. NOtwithstanding that the hunting as vvell of the Hart as of other vvilde beasts be vndertaken and performed by great States rather for the exercise of the body and recreation of the spirits than for any other desire and hope yet the killing of the Hart is not without great profit and that in two respects the first being for the making of meat thereof and the second for the medicinable helps which may be made of his parts and members As concerning the meat made of the Hart his flesh is not very pleasant if it be not of that part of him which is commonly called the pizzle for to speake generally according to the truth Harts flesh is verie hard of an euill iuice melancholicke hard to digest in the stomacke and verie apt and easie to procure many great diseases It is true that many great Ladies hauing an opinion that the flesh of Harts being eaten often doth free and deliuer men from all danger of Agues because the beast himselfe is not subiect at all thereunto at their rising euerie morning haue accustomed to taste of Harts flesh notwithstanding vvho so is carefull of his health should not touch anie such flesh except it be of some tender Fawne or young Hiude vvhich are made seruices for the most part at the Tables of Princes and great Lords The medicinable helpes vvhich may be prepared and made of the Hart are infinite Some find a bone in the heart of the Hart howsoeuer there be some that thinke it to be false which is singular good against faintnes or swowning trembling and beating of the heart and other effects of the same as also against the venimes poysons and dangers of the plague and likewise against the hard â—rauell of vvomen The bloud of the Hart fried in a frying-panne and put in clysters doth heale the bloudie flux and stayeth the flux of the belly being drunke with vvine it is a soueraigne remedie against poysons The priuie member of the Hart washed diligently in water and the water wherein it hath beene so washed drunken appeaseth forthwith the paine of the collicke and retention of the vrine if it be steept in vineger the space of foure and twentie houres and afterward dried and made in pouder the weight of a French crowne of this pouder being drunke with water of plantine stayeth the flâ—xe of bloud and all manner of fluxe of the bellie Likewise dried and poudred it may be mingled with remedies which haue power to prouoke carnall copulation It may also bee made seruiceable and of good vse in the pleâ—risie and against the bitings of Serpents if it be taken either alone or mingled with things which are good for such diseases The horne of the hart burned made in pouder and drunke with honie killeth the wormes which is a signe that the harts horne hath great vertue against venome and that not much lesse than the horne of the vnicorne The tender hornes of a young hart 〈◊〉 in small gobbets and put in an earthen pot wel leaded and close stopped with clay and afterward put in a hot furnace vntil such time as they be dried they may also be beaten to pouder putting thereto pepper and myrrhe do yeeld a pouder which is singular good against the cholicke taken in excellent wine The marrow and sewet of the hart are good to make liniments and cataplasmes for cold gouâ—s
to sucke out venime 740 A Henne crowing like a Cock ouet-fat enraged 68 Water Hennes 78 How Hennes must be sed and loâ—ked to 67 68 Herâ—d caused the children to be slaine the 29. day of the Moone 34 The Heron wandering and whiâ—ling about a signe of raine 25 The Heromie and the ordering of Herâ—nt 671 Certaine obseruations concerning the Heron. 672 Hiacâ—â—th 239 Hissope 164. distilled 453 The Hobbâ—e a Hawke 711 Tame Hogges 18 Hogges better burnt than sealded 107 Hogges-troughs of Tamariske wood 290 Hogâ—hes where they must be placed 18 Holâ—-bocks 196 Honie of all sorts 330 The notes of good Honie 329 To make Hoâ—e 329. The vertues thereof ibidem To gathâ—r Hâ—â—ie 327 To make viuers compositions of Honâ—e 330 Honie distilled 456 Hops and the vertues thereof 287 Hoâ—e-hound 247 A Horse at his growth in fiue yeres but a man not before fiue and twentie 6â—6 Horses 〈◊〉 to drinke troubled water 129 61 63 Horses 〈…〉 how they must be 〈…〉 and trained 124. 12â— 131. 〈…〉 129. 〈◊〉 Horses 146. 〈◊〉 winded 149 hauing their backes broken 129. pricked with a 〈◊〉 114. bâ—witâ—hed 121. how to be handeld being 〈◊〉 and to what diseases they be subiect 137. the means to help the 139 The markeâ— of a good Horse 125 The know the age of a good horse perfectly ibidem Horses find â—eet to go well vpon when they haue to â—eed well vpon 129. a Prouerbe A leane Horse 147 Horses are 〈◊〉 by the Maisters eie a Prouerbe 1â— Horse mint 244 Horse taile 209 Hâ—and 〈◊〉 207 The House must not be to seâ—ke for 〈◊〉 nor ground for 〈◊〉 18. what is meant by the countrie House and 〈◊〉 it comp chendeth â— The 〈◊〉 Lodging 16. where the Farme-house must be 〈◊〉 4 of the inclosure thereof 13 The entrance of the Master of the familie his House 14 A â—umptuâ—uâ— House canteth ones better to enuie 13 We must purchase peace and a hoose readie made ibidem A House-holder must for ecast to haue more to sell than to buy 14 The Husbandrie of these times agreeth with the Husbandrie of the auncient times â— The Husbandrie of the vine both young and old 60â— of men of auncient times according to their countries 1 of grounds diuers and variable according to the soile and the scituation of places 〈◊〉 of the aâ—bor and vine is a like 157 Husbandmen must know the signes foreshewing raine windes c. 24 The Husbandmans clothes 22 The worke that the Husbandman must do euery moneth throughout the yeare 35 The Husbandmans tooles 532 The manner of Husbandrie entreated of 1 Hunting a thing that a good Husband may lacke 2 The profit of Hunting foure footed beaâ—â—es 672 Three sorts of Hunting ibidem The Hunting of the Hare more pleasant than any other 693 Hunting of the Wild Bore dangerous 690 A wine like Hydrome and the vertues thereof 330 I IAcob borne the sixteenth of the Mâ—one a good daie 33 Iapheth borne the 24. day of the Moone 34 Iâ—samine 286 Inclosure of the Orchard 333 The Indies discoured by the Spaniards 83 Insâ—sions 448. two things to be câ—sidered in Insusions ibid. 〈…〉 mâ—de in mans goats or swines bloud 449 〈…〉 must helpe oâ— augment the force and veâ—tue of 〈…〉 ibidem 〈◊〉 the Pâ—ophâ—t born the twentieth day of the Moone day somewhat indifferent 33 〈…〉 a â—ind of cheese and the mannes of making of â—â—â—em 65 〈◊〉 bâ—ne the 18. day of the Moone a prosperous day 33 〈◊〉 or ground pine 205 〈◊〉 â—â—es are tare in France 396. their nature ibidem 〈◊〉 planted 338 〈◊〉 â—â—per 285 causeth wine to run out of the vessell 286 K 〈◊〉 He principall Keyes of all the house 46 〈◊〉 â—lesh well accounted of 117. their skins how greatly profitable 119 〈◊〉 niâ— beanes or 〈◊〉 560 〈◊〉 Kâ—â—ching the first roome to be built in a good house where the Kitching must be seated 17 〈◊〉 â—is of dâ—â—â—rs fashions 253 254 â—â—â—ple Knot 258 〈…〉 and Câ—lâ—es how they must be sed and handled 62 〈◊〉 â—e â—â—â—king into the skie and drawing in the aire a 〈◊〉 of â—ame 25 L â—An through Labour doth â—ame euerie thing 10 〈◊〉 reqâ—â—sit in a Farmer 4 The gardens Labirâ—â—th 158 〈◊〉 â—wto handle and seed â—ambes 18 111 〈…〉 of Lâ—mbes and their remedies 116 〈…〉 â—mbes to make flocks 112 〈◊〉 boâ—ne the 〈◊〉 of the Moone a dangerous day 32 〈…〉 venomous sithes in the sea 507 〈◊〉 dâ— driue men to contention and law 4 〈…〉 maâ—uelous fruitfull 12 〈…〉 a kind of Hawke 714 〈◊〉 â— distâ— led 474. in what places it must be kept 17 〈◊〉 â—â—der 251 disâ—illed 463 〈◊〉 of the ashes of Cabages good to wasâ—â— the head 166 〈…〉 great and small their virtues and properâ—â—es 175 〈…〉 at what time they must be sowen 160 〈…〉 trees 296. what earth Lemons require 376 〈…〉 in what season they must be sowen 560â— to haue â—â—y good Lenâ—â—s 569 〈◊〉 of all kindes their husbandrie nature and speciall obseruations 167 when they must be sowne 160 they put forth the fourth day after they are sowne 152. they procuâ—e sleepe â—68 how to be preserued 279 〈◊〉 how it must be dressed 575 〈…〉 how distilled 455. and what is meant by 〈◊〉 〈…〉 place ibidem 〈◊〉 â—ighting in faire weather a signe of raine 24 〈…〉 and what they presage 26 〈…〉 238 〈…〉 of diuers sorts and colours 239. their vertues 240 〈◊〉 â—ater Lillies 239 〈◊〉 Inhabitants of Lymosin painefull sparing procuring 〈…〉 their owne profit than any others 23 den-trees and others of such like wood 665. 667. 〈…〉 and diseases 923. their food ibidem 〈◊〉 hutting the vine and how to kill them 607 Lice and other vermine haunting Hens 69 Lice of Calues 63 Lice of Bees 326 Line the husbanding thereo 368. when to be sowne 36. in what quarter of the Moone and when to bee pulled 31 Loches and how to fish for them 516 Locusts come euery third yeare and what harme they doe to trees 649 Locusts eating vines how they may be driuen away 607 Lâ—â—-tree 306 Lâ—pines and their husbandrie 560. and whereto they are good ibidem when they must bee sowne before they bloome caâ—â—ell must be put into them 570. â—at the earth 10 M MAdnesse of Dogs 147 Maine a rich countrie 12 The people of Maine are subtile craftie and very painefull for profit 23 Mallowes 196 Man will not be woon by rough handling 21 Mandraages 253 Maple tree 662 Marâ—h corne 554 Marchpanes what manner of pastrie 585 Mares how they must be handled â—â—5 The couering of Mares and taking of the horse 124. their amoâ—ous rage 147 Maâ—â—â—ome 250 Marigolds and their faculties 172 Marigolds in conserue 280. distilled 454 Marishes huâ—tfull to the Farme-house 5 Market matters would not be left vndone till after drinking 22 Maâ—le in what grounds necessarie 6 Marqâ—ots a sort of Vine necessarie 597 Beefe Marrâ—w 104 Maisters must know the natures of their seruants 23 Maisters must keepe more amongst their seruants than at the towne â—3
thereof louers of their profit 10 Trees and shrubs with a â—â—â—scourse thereupon 282 Trees are of two sort ingenerall 659 in what soile they would be planted 6 of the place and châ—â—â—hing of them in general 368 to set the female ones againe 367 grafted in what seaâ—on they must be transplanted 366 transplanted are the better 344 growing of stones 337 planted without roots 400 giuen to be ouer fruitfull how to moderate 404 to cause them to bring forth earely fruit 406 how to husband them when they begin to grow 403 how to plant â—ow and graft them to come by such fruit as is exquisite 360. to dig and picke them 402. to prune make cleane and bare them at the foot 31. 35. 401. 402 that are bruised with cattel 399. 400 full of mosse become leane 402 how to cure them 404 yellownesse and the laundise and the euill in them 405 and wormes troubling the same 406 to 〈◊〉 them that looâ—â— their flowers 405 A dead dogge or other caâ—â—ion applyed to the root of a Tâ—ee that is sicke doth set it in â—â—ength againe 402 Of fruit Trees in particular 370 The best season of planting and replanting of great Trees 368 To kill wormes in Trees that hurt their roots 400 To make those 〈◊〉 which me barren to beare fruit 405 Trees bringing forth grapes 366 Trees delighting to grow in the water 660 Trees of Soloigne are small and staruelings 654 Precepts of planting fruit â—rees 360 400 Water â—rees and their kinds and nature 334 To make wild Trees to grow of seed 656 What soile is best for while Trees their natures properties and differences 659 The best season to plant Trees for timber 651 To haue greene 〈◊〉 of all sorts at all times 363 Treâ—â—ile shutâ—ing in it sâ—lfe is a signe of raine 25 Triâ—kmâ—dame 172 Troughâ— at the Well side to water cattell at 15 Watering Troughâ— â— Trouts the fish how to take them 516 The Turkies rowst 17 Turneps the foâ—d of the inhabitants of Limosin and Sauoy 1â—6 how they must be husbanded and what their properties be 187 〈…〉 to goe vp to the Garners 17 〈…〉 tree 306 Oile of Turpentine 486 Tuâ—â—doneâ— their feeding and diseases 84. their bloud good for the wounds and vlcers of the eyes 〈◊〉 as also is their dung ibid. Hearbe Two-pence 212 V VAlentia the vale of Swannes 78 Valâ—â—ian and the veâ—tues thereof 199 Varietie of Countries causeth a diuers manner of labouring the earth 1 〈◊〉 the manner of making of it 620 Veriâ—â—ce of Apples 3â—0 〈◊〉 male and female â—97 their nature and vertues ibid. good for the sight ibid. Verâ—aine a signe that there will be good water found if there be a Well digged 7 Wild Vines of the hearbes called 〈◊〉 287 How Vinâ—â— newly planted would be husbanded 〈◊〉 Vines of diuers sorts according to their colours and other qualities 600 in what grounds they must be planted 192 two things to be considered in the planting of them ibid. they must be planted vpon the South 6 at what time to be remoued 39 how to choose their plants 595 596 plants where when and how they must bee planted 599 must not be planted of diuers plants 598 to make them newly planted to take root ibid. the manner of planting them is diuerse according to the 〈◊〉 of countries grounds 597 to cause them to hud quickly 606 how to handle them that haue too many branches 607 when they must be cut 35 growing vpon trees and after the fashion of aâ—â—ours 395 â—â—es well husbanded are of great encrease and profit 591 â—â—make barren Vines fruitfull 607 â—â—rtaine obseruations concerning Vines how to graft â—â—them and the manner of proceeding therein 605 606 â—â—nes being grafted yeeld great reuenâ—e 259 â—â—hat manâ—re is good and euill for Vines 599 â—â—manure Vines is a precious thing 595 â—â—make that Oxen and Kine doe not touth Vines 607. for those caâ—tell are very noisome to them ibid. othing must be sowne amongst Vines 598 â—â—ow to keepe Vines from the frost 606. their diseases and remedies thereof 607 â—â—he blacke Vine plant 600. foure kinds of it ibid. â—â—he white Vine plant and the kinds thereof 601 â—â—he husbandrie of the Vine both young and old and their sundrie earings 602 â—â—he inhabitants of Paris doe husband their Vines negligently 592 â— manure the new Vine 602. to prune and weed it and the rest of the earings belonging to it 599 â—â—he Vine hateth the Colewort aboue all things 598 â—he laxatiue Vine 606 â—â—reacle Vine ibid. â—â—ates of the Vine 461 â—he Vine Nurcerie 594 â—â—uill Vine-dressers described by their effects 599 â—â—Vineyard in a strong ground 11 〈◊〉 delight in stonie places standing towards the South 5â—6 â—â—ineger what it is 456 the manner of making of it 618 of Squilles 619 of Apples 380 distilled 456 and the vertues thereof ibid. quickly distilled 451 certaine obseruations concerning it 618 made without wine 61â— to cause it to become wine againe 618 Sweet Vineger 619 Dame Violets 238 Marian Violets ibid. March Violets 236 A Viper hauing stung a Horse 147 Vitis signifying a Vine whence so called 623 W WAsers 584 585 Walnut-trees and their Nuts how profitable 386 Walnut-trees when they are to be planted and remoued 3â—5 and how they must be alone and why ibid. Walnut-trees grafted 385. they naturally hate Oakes ibid. the more beaten the more fruitfull 386. without fruit and leaues till Midsummer 364. they foreshew plentie 385 Walnuts without shells 362 to cause them to haue a verie tender shel 364 386 how planted 385 how to keepe them greene 408 doe cause Capons to rost quickly 387 preserued 422 of hard digestion causeth headach and shortnesse of breath 387 distilled 452 How to haue grosse Walnuts 362 Presages of Warre 667 The Warren scituation thereof and profit 3. 644 and of the storing of it 645 To Water herbs 159. 399 Water the common drinke of all liuing creatures 6â—2 of diuers sores distilled with a discourse thereupon 438 and who was the inuentor ibidem of all sorts distilled of many herbs in particuler 452â— 453 compound distilled three manner of waies 460 distilled in Maries bath 442 distilled in the bladder 443 of licours 455 distilled of flesh 458 distilled for fukes 465 distilled of liuing creatures 458 of egges 458. of the vine 461 of crums of bread 466 of lard 467 of Rubarb distilled 462 of cowes milke 466 of a capons broth ibidem of oats making drunke like wine 558 of calues feet 462 of ligâ—â—â— vitâ— 465 To take away the heate of distilled Waters 45â— 452 〈◊〉 aine Water meet to be gathered into cesternâ— 6 The best Waters 9 Fresh Waterâ— spring out of cold places 5 Sweet Waters in particular 463 Salt or sea Water how it may be made fresh 456 Allome Water 462 Purgatiue Waters ibidem The vertues of distilled Waters 452 453. and their durablenesse ibidem Rose Waters distilled per descensuâ— 468 Compound Rose Water 462 Muske Rose Water 463 Sweet Water ibidem Counterfeit
Too much watchfulnesse Swimming in the Head The Apoplexie The Palsie The Epilepsie or falling sicknes Rednesse of the face Spots in the face The Kings euill Ill eyes A weake sight Paine in the eyes Rednesse in 〈◊〉 eye Filth in the eye A blacke and blew eye A blemish in the eye Rednesse in the eyes The inflammation of the Eye The weeping Eye The white spots of the Eyes Ache in the Eare. A noise in the Eare. Deafenesse The smelling lost Swelling vnder the eare Stinking nosthrils Bleeding at the nose Tooth-ach Loose teeth Blacke Teeth Red Teeth Stinking Mouthes Stinking Teeth Wrinkled Hands The Cough Squinancie Pleurisie Spitting of Bloud The beating of the Heart Swouning Flagging witherâ—d and hanging Brests 〈◊〉 of Milke Aboundance of Milke The inflammation of the Breasts Belching Hicket Vomiting Paine in the stomacke The Liuer obstructed Heat of the Liuer Iaundise Dropsie Paine of the Spleene Collicke Flux of the Bellie The bloudie Flux Flux of Bloud 〈◊〉 Wormes Painet of the Hemâ—◠〈◊〉 The flux of the Hemorrhoids The stone in the Reines Difficultie of Vrine The stone in the Bladder Pissing in bed Hot vrine Barrennesse in women The menâ—â—ruouâ— flux 〈…〉 Suffocation of the Matrix The falling downe of the Mother The Inflammation of the Matrix The Inflammation of the yard The Stinking of the feet To be brought in bed before due time Hard and painfull labor The claret water The after-birth Throwes of womâ—n after child-birth For the Rupture Gout and ach in the hands Sciatica Sinewes oppressed For the pricking of the sinewes For the paines of the sinewes Paines of the ioynts Windie swellings Red pimples or swellings To suppurate an Impostume A naile otherwise called a furuncle or cats-tayle Tetters The pits of the small Pocks Vlcers about the nailes For schirroâ—â— tumorâ— Falls from on high A greene wound Old or new wounds The Carbuncle Anthrax c. Vlcers of the Pocks A wound with shot Inward wounds Knots or knobs The falling of the haâ—re Vlcers Kibes on the heeles Black and blew spots through blowes Wart Nolime tangere Crab-lice Burning Ringwormes The Canker The Moth in the haâ—re To make the â—aâ—â—e blacke The bitâ—â—g of a mad dogge The bitings of Serpents A Snake crept into the bodie Horse-leachâ—s The stinging of Spiders Lice Mushromes eaten A cleane cow-house The putting of Kiâ—â— to the Bull The time of the yearâ— fittest for Kiâ—â— to be put to the Bull. Sienes of a good â—ull Feeding of Cattell A Câ—w with Calfâ— The Cow would haue a cleare water as the Horse a troubled The Barbs vnder Calues 〈◊〉 Lice and Scabs of Calues Kine To gâ—ld the Calues The marks of a good Cow Milke The keeping of Milke Good Milke Creame Fresh or greene Cheese Sowre milke or Serate Whay Butter The making of Cheese To curd the milke The best runniâ— Hard Cheese The goodnesse of Cheese The Hen-house kept cleane Baskets for Hennes to lay in Pearches and ladders made cleane and rubd downe Their dâ—â—nking â—â—ought kept cleane Fresh straw on the dung ill The dustin of Pullen To take away the leâ—s of Hennes â—aying Beasts to be prouided against as enemies to poultrie The wings of Cocks Capons must not be cut The Brood-house The markes of a good Henne The Henne with spurs The daintâ—e-mouthed Henne The oâ—er-fat Henne The mad-brained Henne A young Henne clocking A young Henne good only to lay egges An old Henne is good to sit To take away a Hennes desire to sit Capons to brood and lead Chickens The diseases of old Hennes The Henne Pip. Fleas and verminâ— about Hennes Physicke for Hennes For the rheume in Hennâ—s For the loosenesse of the belly in Hennes For costiueâ—esse in Hennes To take the Pip from Hâ—nes Against Fleas and Vermine Against the â—itings of venimous Beasts Against Beasts that eat Pullein Against Foxes The laying of Hennes To haue egges all Winter time The time to set Hennes Ouens to set egges in To set egges of other birds vnder Hennes To haue Henne-birds or Cock-birds A Ceremonie obserued in setting of egges The Hennes meat drinks must be set within the thing she siteth in The impatiencie of women To trie the egges that must be set The Henne Pip. To hatch Chickens without the heat of the Henne Yâ— know a good egge How egges may be kept in Winter and Summer To gâ—ld Cockreld To fat Capons capons of Means and Bretaigne Chickens of diuers colours Great egges To make egges soft How to keepe egges What egges will keepe best The stone in a Capons stomack To rost an egge without any fire An egge written vpon An egge lifted vp into the aire The applying of a Henne to draw forth venome The innermost skin of the Hens stomack against the flux of the beâ—â—y grauell The broth of a Henne good to loosen the belly The stones of a Capon The fat of a Henne The gall of a Henne Henne-dung A hard rosted egge The yolke and white of an egge The white of an egge The yolke of an egge Geese loue to bath and tumble themselues in the water The Goose is a bird of great profit and disprofit Wild Geese The memorie of a Goose. To set Geese The ordering of Goslings How to 〈◊〉 Goslings Meat for Geese The quills of dead Geese are not so good as those of the liue The diseases of Geese Goose greese A place for Ducks to set in The ordinarie food of Ducks The egges of Ducks see vpon by a Henne are better than if they were hatched by the Duck her selfe Wild Ducks may be will taken when they are drunke The bloud of Ducks The Drake cureth the Collick Teales Young Ducks Water Hennes Small Ducks Woodcocks Curlewes Birts of a double life Swannes Valentia the vale of Swans How manie Swannes are ynough to be together Cranâ—â— Storkes Hennes of Numidia Feasant Cocks and Hennes not so â—asie to make tame To fat Feasant Cocks and Hennes The Peacockâ— walke The diseases of Peacocks The nature of Pea-hennes The sitting of the Pea-henne A Peacock of a white colour The feeding of yong Peacocks The laying of Pea-hennes The diseases of Peacocks The flesh of Peacocks is hard Indian Hennes good coffers to burie Oats in That a Peacock is better meat than a Turkies What meat is fit for Turkies The times wherein Turkies doe lay The diseases of Turkies Turkie egges Turtle doues What meat Turtles feed vpon The diseases of Turtle doues Stock-doues Partridges of browne colour and spotted The egges of Partridges The gall of a Partridge Fierce Quailes Thrushes Sous The value of this bird in times past and yet also The ordinarie meat for Thrushes The profit of a Doue-house Where a ground Doue-house is permitted and lawfull to be had Pies and Sparrowes male and female do sit A dore window Beasts to be kept out of Doue-houses A draw lattice window To store a Doue-house To tame Pigeons Perfumes for the Doue-house To draw Pigeons to a place Pigeons dung The Oxe-house The Oxe-keepers charge The