him by experience for I gave a great quantity thereof to a dogg which he eat up without harm yea it is daily usurped successeful in decoctions and cordiall Electuaries besides the famous Doctor Conradus Gesnerus asserts that he hath often assumed Doronicums root condited and drunk two dragms of its powder in water yea that he had frequently and successefully prescribed it either solitary or mixed with other medicaments to his patients And though we grant to Matthiolus that Doronicum kills dogs it does not thence follow that it is lethall to men for both are not of the same nature nor yet live of the same aliment thus Aloes kills Foxes not men Nux vomica kills Cats and many Birds which is to us a solutiferous medicament Doronicum then must not be disapproved of as poyson since many commend it if not for an aromatical yet for an alexiterial simple And therefore Mesueus uses it in the Electuary de Gemmis because there is some theriacality in it Avicen Tract 2. de med cord Doronicum is a small plant with slender cauls soft and long leafs like Plantain somewhat flave and hirsute like Mouse-ears whose ambitient is rotund somewhat laciniated and a little acuminated its roots are small rotund and orbicular growing more angust towards their extreams like the body and tail of a Snake their colour is white sapour dulcoamare and somewhat astrictive its flowers are luteous and radiate like Oxe eye Some make but three varieties of Doronicum which seem solely to discrepate in magnitude Clusius enumerates seven amongst which Damasonion which most call Alisma is comprehended and Classicall Authors affirm that the root of Damasonion may well be substituted for the root of common Doronicum in the confection of the Electuary de gemmis and other cordiall compounds for it is commended against poysons whether ingested or inflicted by Dioscorides C. 69. L. 3. whereby it seems more convenient for these concoctions then Doronicum of whose faculties some doubt others speak little Now Damasonium is very Doronicum in effigies bearing leafs like Plantain but more angust lacinious and conveyed downwards with a slender simple caul of more then a cubits heighth a pale flower slender acrimonious and odorate roots which are good against poysons Doronicum is hot and dry almost in the third degree Vires it discusses flatuosity is good against palpitation and conduces to such as are venenately and pestilentiously diseased or bitten by Serpents CHAP. LXIII Of Cardus Benedictus ATractylis which is a kind of bastard Saffron is twofold the one whereof hath a streight Caul and is thence called recticaul the other emits procumbent surcles and is thence called Straticaul and by a more usuall name Carduus Benedictus it is a plant well known to all its Cauls are round obsequious brachiated and decumbent its leafs laciniated on both sides and spinose the summities of its surcles emit little heads stipated with spinose and pungent leafs whence it is called Acanacia which heads are lanuginous and turgid with long dusky and bearded seed the flower is pallid its root which is small in respect of the numerosity of its branches and leafs is white and divided into fibres Carduus Benedictus being exceedingly amare Vires calefies roborates the heart and vital parts moves sudour resists poysons conduces against pestilentious diseases mitigates the dolours of the Reins and sides kills Worms and prevails against the bitings of Serpents CHAP. LXIV Of Cardiobotanum or Cardiaca or Motherwort MYrepsus in the confecture of his unguent Martiatum puts Cardiobotanum Nic. Praepositus Carducellum but what either of them are we cannot easily define Many use white Chamaeleon for Carducellum and Carduus Benedictus for Cardiobotanum others use Cardiaca or Agripalma which we call Motherwort It is called Cardiaca from its effect for it is thought that it conduces in heart affections but it is strange that so insuave an odour should laetificate the heart which delights so much in suaveolents Cardiaca or Agripalma for so it is often named is a cubital plant seldom lower often taller bearing quadrangular hard and crasse cauls of a blackish red colour its leafs are broad obscurely green like nettle leafs laciniated and divided with deep incisures its flowers small purpureously white verticulately circumcinging its furcles and emerging out of its caulicles It growes in incultivated strong and rough places some call it Melissa others Syteritis Herculana It is hot and dry in the second degree it absterges expurges kills belly-Worms Vires liberates from obstructions helps in Convulsions and cures the affections of the heart yet its foetour portends it to be no whit cordial CHAP. LXV Of Black Chamaeleon Thistle THere are almost innumerable varieties of Thistles to whose family both the white and black Chamaeleon are referred the white hath no caul but from the midst of its broad long procumbent leafs emits a head covered with prickles some take it for Carducellum but the black which the Romans call Vermilago and Carduus Niger assurges with crasser and higher Cauls long and broad leafs divided on each side with profund sections out of its summities erupt certain round heads coacted into umbells splendent with many little flowers its root is crasse black without flave within and very acrimonious to the gust The Root of black Chamaeleon Vires participates of some malignant quality insomuch that it is never intrinsecally assumed but frequently and safely extrinsecally adhibited especially when mixed with other medicaments for its ferity is retunded by the concourse of other simples and it afterwards pollicitates a salutary effect upon some affections as the Sciatica and other infections of the skin CHAP. LXVI Of Artichock or Scolymus ARtichock which the Greeks call Scolymus is of trivial dignotion whereof there are two special differences the one simply so called the other Spinose and Spanish which is a kind of Thistle yea both indeed are depromed from that tribe and by culture and Art have acquired a more specious form and gracious sapour The leafs of Artichoak are long broad laciniated on both sides with profund incisures and of a cineritious colour whence it may be it was called Cinara its surcles are bicubital whose summities produce a kind of fruit with three triangular crasse hard medullous leafs compacted like scales this fruit cocted till it be soft is most grateful meat but it is not so inservient to venery as many think for it adds very little genital matter or flatulent spirits but much melancholical succe to the body Gal. l. 6. de alim facul its flowers conglomerated on slender and innumerable stalks are caeruleously purpureous which withering turn into down small long seeds like them of Carduus remaining therein Wild Scolymus is very like the spinous Artichock the slender Cauls of Cinara or Artichock condited with Sugar are grateful to eat and much celebrated in opsonies The juice of Artichock according to Galen is very prave Vires hot in the
are inferiour to no Medicament in abigating diseases whether it be intrinsecally assumed or extrinsecally adhibited or mixed with other Medicaments The Syrian tenuious and perspicuous is best which will delabe and settle in a vessel full of water which indeed is common to all legitimate Balms The best Balsame but chiefly to that that is desumed out of the famous Garden of the Turkish Emperour where a small tree is cultivated and kept with great sedulity three parts whereof are excerped for the expugnation of many diseases to wit its wood liquor and seed called in the proper idiome of the Medicks Xylobalsame Opobalsame and Carpobalsame which being very rare and not growing in every region are possessed onely by Kings and Noblemen for the vulgar Carpobalsame is not legitimate its faculties being ignave almost inodorate faint rancid exolet and not suaveolent And the same may be pronounced of the wood they call Xylobalsame for it is the caul of Lentisks often so corrupted or inveterate that it is insipid inodorous and inefficacious Medicks have invented three succidaneous Vicegerents for the want of these three for Carpobalsame Cubebs for Xylobalsame new and fresh Lentisk and for Opobalsame the Oil of Cloves and Nutmeg as also the limpid water of Turpentine tree 〈◊〉 as Oil for Turpentine is the very Mother of artificial Balms the parts of whose Plants respond well to the parts of natural Balm There are now two other sorts of Balm circumvected Bal. de Poru the one called Peruvian Balm which is educed out of a certain fruit growing in Peru whereof Clusius makes mention De Tolu Another they call Balm of Tolu from a certain region of India which distills out of a sauciated tree like little Pines both of them are endued with eximious faculties and may be very well substituted instead of Syâ—â—ack CHAP. XVII Of Kermes MAny Plants will onely grow in the Meridional others in the Septentrional and some in both regions as that same grain which the Mauritanians call Kermes which very denomination according to Dioscorides demonstrates the Plant to be exotical and to grow in Asia Armenia or Arabia for in two usurpations it reserves its Arabian nomenclature to wit in the confection of Alkermes and in dying cloaths of a Bermesian colour Now Kermes or Karmas is the name of a suffruticeous Plant Kermes seu Karmas quid and its grain which is vulgarly called Scarlet dye or infectorâ— grain It grows both in the aforesaid places and in Orleans in France and many places in Italy which are hot and tend towards the Meditenancan Sea and it is reposed amongst the aculeous Ilices for their variety is manifold whereof some are glandiserous which grow into tall trees others coccigerous which are lower some bacciferous which are of a middle consistency as * * * Holly Aquifoyl which is frequent and vivacious in the Septentrional soyl Yet some exclude this Plant from the number of Ilices although the two forâ—â—â— have not so much affinity each with other as the later with this The Plant then whereon Kermes grows is a certain small Illeâ— putting forth many cauls which are harder towards the root obtenebrated with leaves continually green long â—â—gged about deâ—se sinuous angulous spinous aculeated and horrid which at the beginning of the Spring conceives as it were a little egge towards iâ— root which it obvallates with pricks supernally devolved which in its growth changes its colour from white to cineritious then to purple and at last acquires a most elegant colour for the whole grain is fuâ—â— of sanguineous liquor which after perfect maturity and too long coaction in its membrane produces worms whereof some are winged Succus Kermes and fly away yet before the procreating of them the liquor may be studiously extracted to the confection of Alkermet and scarlet tincture The generation of these little Animals or may be hindred or their death procured by the aspersion of a little vinegar whereby their exanimated carcasses are collected and coacted into a mass like Vermilion which they call * * * Sâ—â—achul Scaletium and Pliâ—â—y Cusculium for the tincture of purple or skarlet colour This grain is not the fruit but excrement of this Illex or a 〈◊〉 and lucid gum contained in a husk which grows about the root of the leaves This Illex is not onely coccigerous but glandiferous also for the more inveterate surcles bring forth Acorns somewhat longer and blacker than those of the Oaks but then it ceases to produce grains Coccum Baph or * Coccum And therefore these surcles are prescinded that a new spring of surcles may follow and be cocciferous Kermes exceedingly roborates the heart Vires and all its faculties it also astringes precided nerves and wounds by its glutinous sacultâ—â— when extrinsecally adhibited CHAP. XVIII Of Schoenanthum or Squinant S'Choenanthum is an odorate bullrush growing in India from whence it is brought to us in bundles being incicurable by all Art It is a junceous and gramineous Plant whose small dry hard and nodous root emits hard straggling round full not concaâ—e and clear reeds gracile towards the top whose rigid mucronated and pale leaves of half a palms length amplect its gramineous surcles Two sorts of flowers palely red and pappous adorn its suâ—â—ity some call is the reed of 〈◊〉 others Camels food because Apâ—ricane Camels feed on its summities Iâ—s flowers are seldome brought to us with it though it be denominated from them Schoenanthum is moderately calefactive and astrictive Vires and because its parts are tenuious it moderately digests and repells the root is more astrictive than the other parts of the Plant the flower is hotter which potently moves urine and flowers CHAP. XIX Of Folium or Malabather the Indian leaf so called A Certain eximious Leaf is brought to us from India which the Arabians call Cadegi Indi that is Indian Leaf which the Inhabitants call Tamalapatra and the Apothecaries with reference to its native soyl Malabathre It is a leaf like the leaf of the Medicks Apple-tree of a palid green colour with three strokes percurring its longitude it is odorate smelling like Cloves It doth not swim upon water nor grow in the Indian fens nor yet without root as Dioscorides thought but it is desumed from a tall tree far from waters fruâ—icating in dry places Malabathrum is hot in the second degree odorate moves urine Vires emends ones breath keeps cloaths from moths and in other qualities concords with Spicknard which may be well substituted Succidanium when it cannot be had CHAP. XX. Of Spicknard DIoscorides c. 6. l. 1. Species makes mention of two sorts of Spicknard one Indian the other Syrian both growing in one Mountain but the one on that side that looks towards India the other on that that looks towards Syria He afterwards adjoyns the Celtian that grows on the mountains of Liguria which is called Saliunca from its native
seeing the Plant whereof it was made coming from the Turenian fields sought and found great plenty of it in fields near Paris and of them he made his syrupe annually not borrowing elswhere It is variously called to wit Hispudula Guaphilium Coronario Aelurope or Cats-foot and improperly Harts-foot This syrupe is multifariously made and yet none hath hitherto published its confections some onely take the summities of the Plant or its Down and macerate them in water others take its flowers and leaves to whom I easily assent for thus it becomes more astrictive and more convenient to stay fluxes others adde to its decoction Liquorice Jujubs Raisins Barley and other bechical matters But this description we have exhibited is most usual whereunto if we adde half a pound of rosaceous sugar its quality will be more bechical and cordial and its sapour more gracious The manner of its preparation is so easie that it needs no further dilucidation then that which is in its perspicuous description if no Plant but the dry one can be got then its quantity must be less and the waters greater This syrupe is eximious against many affections of the Lungs for Vires Aelurope or Hispudula being a vulnerary Plant and astrictive it doth not onely cure wounds and hinder Ulcers but heal many other vices It is most convenient for such as have fluxes descending into their breast or have their Lungs infarciated with much pituitous humours for it cohibits the violence of the falling humour cocts the flux roborates the part affected and moves expectoration CHAP. 7. Syrupus Papaveris simp or The Simple Syrupe of Poppy Mes â„ž of the heads of white and black Poppy of each â„¥ xij ss macerate them a whole day in lb iiij of Rain-water and to lb j. of the Colature adde Sugar and Penidees of each â„¥ vj. or lb ss and so boyl them into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Mesue calls this syrupe Simple in reference to the more compound whose confection hath many lenitives as the seeds of Lettice Mallows Quinces Jujubs Maidens-hair also and Liquorice ingrede whereunto if need be Fernelius would have syrupe of Violets or Jujubs to make up this simple syrupe he advises also to adde less of black Poppy because its use is not safe and augment the quantity of the white To which assertion Joubertus assents against Rondeletius and prescribes forty dragms of the black to eighty of the white Vulgar Apothecaries call this Syrupe Diacodium but imperitely for Diacodium is reposed among the Opiates yet one may supply the defect of the other when sleep should be conciliated Poppies heads by Galens advice must be so long cocted after maceration till they be flaccid and marcid and not till the third or fourth part of the water be left for we cannot express their succe but when they are marcid and therefore it is in vain to coct them longer Rain-water is the best in defect whereof we may use fountain-water if it be limpid insipid and void of qualities and therefore the water conducted in leaden pipes must not be accepted because there is mud in them and hence he that drinks the dregs of such water will be overtaken with the Dysentery though in other cases they be wholesome The Ancients Diacodium was made in form of an Opiate and very ungrateful for it admitted of no sugar but many insuave and it is probable useless things it is not now made but in its stead this syrupe made of the decoction of Poppies heads and sugar which many call improperly Diacodium Syrupe of Poppy conciliates sleep Vires mitigates the temper of the cholerick humour and allayes the Cough it becomes more bechical by the access of Penidia which the Arabians call Alphenicum because of its whiteness for it is a most white confection of sugar so long cocted in the decoction of Barley till it acquires a ductile consistence and may be handled ducted and formed with ones hands into Pastils and Rowls intorted like ropes CHAP. 8. Syrupus Papaveris Erratici or Syrupe of Red-Poppy â„ž of the infusion of Red-Poppies twice or thrice reiterated lb ij Sugar lb j. ss Sugar of Roses â„¥ iiij boyl it into a Syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY Some contend that this syrupe should be made of more infusions but two or three are sufficient for in so poriferous Medicaments no intenseness of faculties are requisite moreover so many infusions will make the colour and sapour of the syrupe more ingrateful The proportion of water to the sugar is the same in this with that in syrupe of Roses None of the Ancients spoke of this syrupe of Poppy but the later age found it good against the Pleurisie at the beginning thereof for it is astrictive roborative bechical and hypnotical it cohibits the humours falling down from the head upon the lungs and that it may better effect this some sugar of Roses must be added it may be safely given from half an ounce to an ounce and a half and to two ounces to the more valid especially if the Pleurisie be but beginning or not farre gone for it will either stay the former flux or hinder the rising of another CHAP. 9. Syrupus Nympheae or Syrupe of Water-Lillies â„ž of Water-Lillies lb ij infuse them six or seven hours in hot boyling water lb iij. afterwards boyl them a little and to the Colature adde again the same quantity of fresh flowers and let this be repeated three times and to the Colature adde an equal quantity of Sugar to boyl it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some make this syrupe onely of one infusion but that is more efficacious which is confected of two or three the green herbaceous and flave part also of the flower should be rejected and onely the white retained This is simple in reference to one more compound described by Franciscus-Pedomontanus which is seldome used because the Simple one is more easie of preparation and no less efficacious Moreover the description of the Compound is by some disallowed of by some changed by some the quantity of its ingredients is augmented by others diminished its description is well known This syrupe refrigerates much Vires cohibits venereous dreams restrains the immoderate flux of the sperm conciliates sleep allayes the heat of the bowels and abates the ardour of Fevers CHAP. 10. Syrupus Capil vener Com. or Syrupe of common Maiden-hair â„ž of the true Maiden-hair of the common Maiden-hair wall-Rue Spleen-wort Salvia vita of each m.j. Liquorice bruised â„¥ ij infuse them twelve hours in a sufficient quantity of water afterwards boyl them gently till it comes to lb v. adde to the Colature White Sugar lb iiij and so make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This is the most usual description of this syrupe whereunto some adde Raisins and Liquorice others Jujubs but none of these please Fernelius who thinks that the syrupe is made more ignave and weak by the admistion hereof but
infusion on fire and effusion into water is their comminution into Granula Gristle is a similar part cold and dry made out of the thickest part of the seed gathered together by the power of heat and ordained to secure the variety of motions and as a bulwark against any outward violence Guaiacum a wood called by some Lignumvitae it 's a peculiar remedy for the pox Gula the throat Gum Animi Indian Amber Gum Arabick a kind of white clear Gum growing on a thorn tree called Acacia in Arabia Gurgulio the gullet Gust the taste Gustative tasting or that which is tastable Gutta Rosacea is a preternatural redness which possesseth the nose and checks and oft-times all the face besides Guttural tumors swellings in the throat Gynglimos is a joyning of a bone when the same bone receiveth another and is received by another H Habit of body the Constitution or temperament thereof Haesitation sticking staggering or doubting Haemoplois or Haemoplosis spetting of blood which comes from the vital parts as the Breast Lungs and rough Artery Haemorragia bleeding at the nose or any other part a symptome in the excrements of those things which are wholly against nature Haemorrois sanguinis profluvium pervenas ani the bleeding of the Hemorrhoids or Piles Haemorrhoides verucales the Piles Haemorrhoides nasi an ulceration of the nose Halituous thin breathy Harmonia is the juncture of a bone by a line Hectica a wasting or consuming Fever Helcticum a medicine drawing the humors downwards opposed to a repelling medicine Hemicrania or Hemicraene a kind of Head-ach when but one side of the Head is grieved Hemiplegia the palsie possessing one side Hepatis oppilatio a stoppage in the Liver Hepatica the liver vein things proper to the liver Hepatrical of or belonging to the liver Hepaticus one diseased in the liver Hepsema sodden new wine Herculeus Morbus the falling Evil. Hereditary diseases such as are deriv'd from the Parents to the Children Hermaphrodite one that is both man and woman Hermetical after the Chymical or Paracelsian way that tribe being so called from Hermes Trismegistus Hernia Humeralis tumors in the Testicles and Scrotum Hernia Ramex a Rupture Herpes a Corroding Ulcer called the Wolf in a Womans Breast Heterogeneal of divers sorts or kinds of divers and contrary natures Hippocras bag is a bag made of white cotton like a sugar loaf pointed at bottom Hirae Picrae certain extreme bitter purging pouders Hispid rough with thorns Holy fire sacer Ignis a red inflamation called St. Anthonies fire being the disease that St. used to heal or the Rose Homogeneal all of one sort or kind Homogeneous alike in all its parts of one and the same substance Hordei Cremor Ptisana barley husked and sodden in water Horrors shakings and tremblings Hortensian Herbs which grew in the garden Humectation moistening Humectative the same Humeralis vena the shoulder vein Humidity humor or moisture Hydraeleum a medicine made of Oyl and Water beaten together Hydrocephalus a Dropsie of the head by a waterish humor and is a disease almost peculiar to infants newly born Hydrogogon Purges for watry humors Hydromel a Drink made of Honey and Water called Mead or Metheglin Hydrophobus à rabido Cane morsus one that is bitten of a mad Dog He that is afraid of water Hymen a slender membrane about the neck of the womb Hydra a monstrous Serpent in the lake Lerna which having divers heads as fast as any one was cut off two rose up in its stead Hydragogus drawing water Hypercathartica most violent purges too purging Hypocaust a Stove or Hot-house to sweat in Hypochondria the region of the body beneath the ribs Hypoglottion medicines so called because they are to lie under the tongue and melt Hypogion or matter under the Cornea a great inflamation of the eyes with swellings Hysteta uterus loci Matrix the Mother in Women Matrix or Womb. Hysteralgia pain in the Belly or Womb. Hysterica passio Fits of the Mother Diseases of the Womb. I Jacinth the name of a pretious stone of a light violet colour Jasper stone a pretious stone so called Jaundice is a yellow Color coming of the whole body spread over all the skin Idiopathica the obstrustion of breathing by propriety comes from the Lungs distempered and therefore every disease of the Lungs hurts their action which diseases are either in the substance of the Lungs or in the vessels thereof Ignition burning fiery hot Ignave cowardly sluggish Ignavy dulness Illiac passion a griping in the uppermost small guts a miserable disease and commonly deadly Illinctus Eclegma a medicine which is licked up and not swallowed Illiquation is the mingling of earthy bodies with mettalline so as both retain their own substance Illited annointed Illumination enlightening Imbecil weak without strength Imbibition a philosophical operation is ablution when liquor adjoyned to a body is lifted up and finding no vent falls back washeth it with humectations Imbued filled full of any liquor or vertue by soaking like a spunge or lying buried in such things as we desire it should be imbued withal Immature unripe Immedicable which cannot be healed Immersion to plunge or bury any thing over head and ears in any liquor or pouder Immutation a changing or altering Impetigo is properly a ringworm Impetiginous itchy scabby Impinguates makes fat Implete fill up Implicated enfolded Improbation disproving Inanition emptiness of the body Inappetency want of appetite Incalescence heating warming gently Incarnate to breed flesh Incantation charms witchcraft Incernicle a sieve Incising medicaments such as cut tough flegm as Oximel Incision the cut or wound the Surgeon makes with his Lancet either in opening an imposthume letting blood or the like Inclination a pouring the thin from the thick of any liquor from one vessel to another Incongruous disagreeable Incrassation a thickening Increment the encreasing of a sickness Incrustated covered over Incubus the night Mare the Hagg. Indagation searching out Indication is some kind of signes or symptoms appearing in the sick patient whereby the Physitian is hinted or as it were pointed with the finger to such and such a course of Physick or particular remedy as abundance of blood Indicate declare point at Indicates bloud-letting the like doth the stopping of courses in Women Indigenous home-bred Indomitable untameable not to be tamed Induration hardening Inebriates makes drunk besots Infarctures stoppings Infirm sick weak not sound Inflamation burning heat and extreme redness Influence flowing from above or into Influx flowing into Infunded that is infused Infused that is steeped Infusion a strained liquor wherein medicaments have been steeped either hot or cold Ingrede go into or help to make up a medicine Inherent stick to or within that will not be separated Inhumation is the setting of two pots the head of the uppermost being well luted and covered with his bottom full of pin-holes fast in the ground and covering them with earth having a circular fire made for distillatory transudation
not altogether manifest for Rhabarb differs much from choler Agarick from flegm and Senna from melancholy Although all Catharticks do attract humours Quae purgant trahendo yet some of them do purge more especially by attraction to wit such as are of a more potent force and have an excrementious humour saith Mesue as Scammony Turbith and Euphorbium others by repression Quae comprimendo as all the five Myrobalans and Rhabarb others by loosning and mollifying the belly as Cassia Tamurinds and others Quae lubricando which onely by leniating and solving the belly educe humours as the herb Orage Violets Mallows Sorrel and many Pot-herbs CHAP. X. Of Medicaments which besides their solution of the Belly cure many diseases by an occult poperty MEdicinall Materialls are as well innumerable as admirable which assumed at the mouth or applyed to the externall parts by a certain occult vertue and specifiall propriety perfectly cureth and undoubtedly preventeth present and future distempers or produceth other admirable effects as before in some few we have demonstrated This occult faculty also is not only discernable in plants but also in animalls and minerals For it is recorded that Pirrhus his thumb by touching such as laboured under the distempers of the spleen cured them and that most Christian and potent Monarch of France cured the Kings Evill with the touch of his hand this occult and most effectuall quality Os Aurum trabens is also seen in dead bodyes for Simplicius affirmes that the mouth of the fish Milvus doth draw Gold to which also Scaliger sets seal Exercit 102. 112 The reines of Scincus Marinus pulverized and drunk with wine or commixed with fit conserves and so taken doth cause stiffness of the yard and powerfully provoketh to Lechery A Harts pizzle dryed pulverized and drunk with Coltfoot or Carduus water is much commended against the Plurisy A Boares tooth pulverized and drunk worketh the same effect especially if taken at the beginning of the disease The Monocerces his horn doth admirably defend the heart from poysons and is much available in pestilent distempers The same effects are performed in the use of Harts horn and Rhinoceroes his horn The huckle bone of an Oxe pulverized and drunk with Oxymell doth mitigate the spleen The flesh of Hares burnt sifted and drunk doth break and expell stones out of the bladder The skin of a Viper pulverized and Applyed to a bald place doth admirably cause haires to grow where naturall humidity is not too much decayed The same effect is wrought by rosted Mice and anointing the place with honey A Cocks combe rosted or boyled and often eaten of doth much and effectually help such as are possessed with Chollicks passions Galen lib. de Therias A Goates hoof or its bladder or Egg-shells burned and taken in drink help those that pisse their beds Galen lib. 8. comp med Local writes that a Wolfs liver by a certain specificall property will helpe diseases in the Liver An Aspes skin dryed and pulverized and mixed with honey will cleer the eye sight The excrements of animalls by an occult property Creatures Excrements expell certain diseases as the dung of Peacocks the Epilepsy the dung of Swallows and Doggs the Quinsy Let these few examples suffice that are assumed from animalls That I may omit such as are hurtfull as the Sea Hare the Crampe-fish For the one by an obscure vertue affecting the Nerves stupifies them the other hurts the Lungs As Cantharides by Inflammation hurts the bladder and stops the urine or causes the strangury We may observe also which is most to be admired this same occult quality in many vegetables and plants as Sarsaperilla Lignum vitae Sasafras and China all which by a specificall property availe much in the cure of Lues venerea Ragwort or Satirion and the hearb Kocket The occult property of plants causes the yard to stand irritates Lust and frequent copulations The Chast tre Vitex aut Agnus Castus and water Lyllyes on the contrary doth allay the ardor of Lust extinguish seed and hinder the excretion of the Stones Opium mitigates frensy and madness and procures sleep though it be taken in a very little quantity Misleto of the Oak pulverised and drunk doth effectually cure the Epilepsy Dry grapes by a certaine sympathy are very commodious to the Liver Staves-acre by vertue not well known kills Lice so Fleabane Gantts Coleworth and Ivy cures Drunkenness Ptarmica provokes to sneezing As also both kinds of Hellebor Dittany by an occult property pulls out thornes and pricks if thereunto applyed The Ash tree drives away serpents and cures their bitings Stone-crop Saxifrage and Goates blood expell stones Savine brings down the monthly tearmes and the fruit of the wombe whether alive or dead The greater Comfrey doth speedily close wounds Betony doth search maligne ulcers and accellerate their cure Turpentine is the best Balsam to wounds and doth both speedily and easily cure them But that which is most strange is this Variety of effects in the selfe same plant that one plant in a certain part should have one effect in another a different or contrary one as Chamomile flowers which help the head-ach by smelling to them whose leaves are very hurtfull if we credit Galen lib. 2. comp Med. cap. 2. Sorrell relaxes the Belly the seed makes it costick The decoction of Colewort solves the belly But the Colwort it self eaten either binds it or makes it more adust As also Cock-broth moves the belly whilst its flesh binds and Gal lib. de Ther. cap. 6. assertes the same of Oysters and Cockles The wheyish or Butterish part of milk dissolves the belly the cheesy part constraines and makes it costick Gallen thinks it a miracle that the decoction of Trefoile applyed plaisterwise to the bitings of Serpents and Vipers should presently asswage the paine thereof and take out the poyson whereas being applyed to a sound part it provokes paines yet the reason of this effect doth not seeme very obscure nor far different from the nature and temperament of other hearbs For it is no wonder if the Medicine by whose help the corrupt part was cured and from which it drew some malignity or other being applyed to a sound part should leave an impression there of that malignity whereof it participated But we intend to discourse more particularly and largely of the specificall and admirable vertue of Quicksilver in curing the Venerian disease and of the occult and almost divine vertues of other mineralls CHAP. XI Of simple Medicaments which by a specificall property have respect to certain peculiar parts MAny simples are adjoyned with such a sympathy to certaine Parts that either assumed or applyed or often by their very smell help refresh and free us from diseases Yet I cannot conceive that they are for this sympathy and correspondency so devoted to particular members as thereon to spend all their effects or not to confer any upon
simples by Art and Experience before it exists of a convenient consistence requires not a distinct preparation alone but also that vegetable or Medicament which is simple as to its number and such spontaneously and naturally may not be exhibited with successe and not without some detriment to the use of man without some alteration by a due preparation For those aliments which we daily assume unto our bodies if they want their acquired preparation as rosting boyling or the like are rather fit for beasts than men because it is naturall and therefore belongs to cattell to feed upon the fruits of the earth as hay pulse c. onely prepared by the worke of nature As also the Sea affords necessary food agreeable to nature both for great and small fishes But the earth unwilling to afford such a benefit of her selfe doth render up her fruits somewhat incongruous to humane nature without a preparation and will not afford either nutriment nor aliment to man without the long expectation and indefatigable labours of the Husbandman who after much paines rending up the bowells thereof and casting in his seed proves as it were ingratefull by bringing forth corne which at the first sprouting forth becomes suitable nutriment to many birds of the aire and four footed beasts of the field but to man in no wise without preparation by first making bread of it with Water and Leaven For as that great Attorney Generall of Nature saith lib. de veter Med. That the same meat and drink which suffices beast and Horses and other creatures as they proceed out of the earth raw and undigested viz. fruits hearbs c. by which these are nourished and on which they live cannot suffice man nor agree with his constitution For this is apparent that one body differs from another one nature from another and one aliment another As the same Author hath it lib. de flatib for one and the same thing cannot be commodious and usefull as to Nutriment to all kinds of living creatures but some are more convenient than others Those meats and drinks which are our daily sustenance Physicians out first Schoolemasters in teaching us to make bread were invented and consulted of with mature deliberation by quondam Phisicians who instructed us their posterity to make bread of Corne by being first separated from the chaffe then ground sifted kneaded and last of all baked If therfore meat and drinke being familiar as it were to the temperament and nature of man need preparation before they be assumed then much more simple Medicaments or those Ingredients which are required to the making up of a Medicine For there is no Question to be made of compound Medicines because they cannot be such till they be first conoited and fitted by art and due preparation Now amongst simples Lib. 3. cap. 7. that which we call Catharticke is most averse from and inagreeable to our nature Therefore according to Actuarius 't was ordained by nature to overcome and not to be overpowered hence it is that every purging Medicine hath something offensive and ungratefull to the stomack by consequence therefore it needs preparation and correction before it be exhibited that its noxious quality may be removed and its vertues more approximated to the nature of our constitutions and that its operation may be better and lesse trouble some to the Patient For nothing is produced out of the wombe of Nature which ought to be dished up to man without such preparation as it requires Medicaments are prepared The reason why Medicines are to be prepared that they may be more coÌ„modious for use and composition for thereby they become either more acceptable more valid more wholesome or more miscible according to the opinion of Sylvius It is our custome to use roots and hearbs washed and boyled and not raw as also powders infusions juices distillations liquors decoctions of certaine vegetables and other materialls and not integrall plants for by this either we take away some noxious quality or other from the medicine As when vipers are made medicinall we use first well to smite and bombaste them with rods and then cut off their heads and tailes and thereby they become lesse venemous or else by it we detect the desirable faculty As Goates blood is more efficacious in diminishing the stone if the Goat be fed with Saxâ—frage and Grumwell or else by it we acquire a new faculty as when we nourish a female creature a she Goat or Asse with Scammony Milkweed or other purging hearbs that its milkinesse may attaine a purgative faculty CHAP. II. Of the differences of preparations PReparation of Medicaments in generall is made three manner of wayes Praeparationes tantum tres generales either by addition detraction or immutation by addition and so Agarick is prepared by adding Ginger and Wine Coriander-seed with Vineger Vipers flesh with Bread and Dill by detraction Cantharides are prepared their feet and wings cut off Barly by taking away its drosse and chaffe Almonds by being blanched roots by washing cleansing and cutting off the Fibres their pith and woody substance taken out by immutation when the Medicament it self is so prepared by a certain artificiall knowledge and Art that its noxious faculty is either removed or corrected and the substance thereby made better to use alone or compound with others But this artificiall preparation requires two other manner of wayes either the adjection of those things that profit or the detraction of those things that hurt So Castor and Saffron is added to Opium that its maligne power may be amended so Lapis Lazuli is appointed to be burned before it be put into Confectio Alkermes or Kermeticall confection that its purging faculty may be taken away Old Mesue delivers foure other particular modes of preparation Quatuor praeparationes secundum Mes coction lotion infusion and grinding to which our later Physicians have aded many more as lotion purgation infusion humectation maceration dissolution clarification emollition colation extraction solution digestion fermentation tundation pulverization frixion assation liquation putrefaction insolation extinction refrigeration despumation exsiccasion induration distillation digestion mixtion scapulation extraction conservation duration But in generall humectation maceration dissolution emollition and what ever is humified or mollified with water or moisture is contained under infusion Pulverization and scraping and whatsoever is made smooth with scraping rubbing c. is comprehended under tundation calefaction ustion frixion and what others are prepared with fire and heat is comprehended under coction and thus the infinite manner of preparing may be reduced to some few generall heads These subsequent modes of preparations are for the most part frequent with Chymists calcination digestion fermentation distillation circulation sublimation fixation to distillation pertaines exalation exhaltation circulation cohobation rectification they call a double distillation a cohobation when the distilled liquor is poured upon the same Ingredient and distilled over againe But to omit these Chymicall
tearmes of preparations which is better to know than make experience of We will prosecute more particularly the accustomed preparation of Medicines the wholesome Remedies of Physicians prescript that we may securely and without danger make use of to the depelling of our distempers and the safeguarde of our families which be such as Apothecaries prepare daily and openly before all mens eyes and places them in convenient pots and glasses and other vessells in their shops either for present use or perseverance till occasion serves and of those the Physician selects for the necessity of the exigent sometimes this sometimes that and prescribes how much is most convenient to be administred for the expelling of the disease Now the Physicians work is not to prepare these Medicins but to prescribe them hence it is that Apothecaries are tearmed the Physicians hand for it is better to commit our lives into the hands of two than one to operate according to Prescript for if the Physician alone should prescribe prepare and afford Medicines It were too great a trouble to ly upon one mans shoulders Besides he hath power to save or kill and not to be liable to punishment by Law Which is an Impious and Intolerable thing an act not to be indured therefore it was ordained that Apothecaries should be appointed who ought to prepare and preserve Medicaments and to distribute them out in certain quantities according to the Doctors Judgment and decree But I would not abrogate Chymicall remedies totally from Apothecaries shops for there are many of them of excellent vertue Chimica remedia non negligenda to the dissipating of many crabbed distempers but they are such as the learned and skilfull onely should use and not ignorant Mountebanks Qui debeant uti chymicis remediis and wandering Quacks and deceivers who scarce know how to prepare a Medicin yet will proclaime themselves to the world to be more skilfull than Galen and Hyppocrates But to returne to our intended purpose I say there are divers modes of preparing Medicins which that I may prosecute in order I will begin with Lotion afterwards I will extend my discourse to those ingredients which are simply prepared with water often when medicinall with juice or other liquor then I will demonstrate what preparations are made with contunding grinding or scraping afterwards I will explaine what preparation heat performes and I will add to these those that are finished with a mixed manner CHAP. III. Of Lotion LOtion by learned Sylvius is accounted the last manner of preparation Primus praeparationis modus cur by some the middle but by us the first because most Ingredients before they will serve our use before any other preparation can be made ought to be washed though some I confesse are not to be washed till they be burned rosted or scraped This Lotion is twofold Duplex Lotio the one a superficiary Lotion which detracts the adherent filth from the superficies of roots hearbs and other Medicinall materialis and It is common to all other things which being inquinated with clay or other pollutions are to be washed the other is more intimate which dilates it self both without and within and thorow the whole substance Now this preparation is made in water or other liquor for this end and purpose to remove some notious quality or to introduce some good one as the disease it self the nature of the disease or the occasion requires The Ingredient or materiall to be washed is either obdurate solid or stony as the substance of shells bones stones concrete Juices dry gums and metalls or such as are of themselves liquid as Turpenttne Oyle or such as are easy to be melted as wax pitch rosin butter or such as are dissoluble as Lime-stones Bole armeniack Lytharge of God or Silver Those things that are hard and solid before washing ought to be pulverized or burned and so bruised that they cannot be grinded without ustion as Ivory and Harts-horne and so the water or liquor may reach wash and purge every part Those that will easily melt as Wax and Rosin c. ought first to be warmed that being melted they may more eafily yield or be made more pliable if they will easily dissolve of themselves they are to be sprinkled with some water or juice and then washed if liquid of themselves they are to be washed by continuall stirring and commixing water or other liquor with the body of the thing to be washed The liquors in which this Lotion is made is either pure water as fountain or rain-water or medicinall as sulphurous Sea water or Bituminous or some other humour as milk honey vinegar the juice of Plants distilled water and decoctions of simple medicaments This Lotion is either much and hard or little and light or a medium or mean for the things that are washed for the detraction of their filth ought either to be washed strongly or lightly and the water so off changed till it remaines pure and all its impurity segregated and ejected Those that are washed in a medicinall liquor should lye in the same a certain space according to appointment as a whole night or the space of some houres that they may attract the greater power from the liquor or loose their malignant quality This preparationis injuriously called by Sylvius A Lotion when it is rather an Infusion or Maceration or rather as another hath it an Imbution Imbutio quid for the liquor seldom or never adds faculties to the Medicin but rather detracts from it as we see in Rhabarb and others steeped in water whose purgative faculty remaines by being transmitted into the Liquor Yet are they not washed that they may so lose their vertues but increase them Aloe cur abluatur and so in Mesues judgement Aloes should be washed in odoriferous water that it may coroborate the more or in some purging juice or decoction as juice of Roses or the infusion thereof that it may with more celerity relax the belly yet it is not alwayes washed that its purging faculty may be intended but rather that its heat may be remitted as when it is washed in the water of Endive Succory or such like that it may not too much exestuate the liver Lotion therefore ex consequenti either adds to or detracts from medicinall materialls and causes not onely the filth to be wiped off but also mitigates in some their acrimony in others destroyes their malignity and dulls their violence and makes them better either to be assumed or applyed Now that Metalls may be washed Metallica ut abluenda they ought to be pulverized very small and then to be put into pure water or any other Medicinall liquor and to be continually stirred with a wooden Spatula for a whole day and in the morning following the water to be powred out and other water put on and agitated as before till the water that 's powred off be cleere and by this means
afterwards in hot ashes wherein as in the Bath some temperate and milde heat may be preserved and cherished not so in sand and filing dust for these will not be hot but with vehement heat wherefore they are used in educing Oils by distillation Now the waters distilled ought to be insolated for some dayes space in Vessels covered with a paper full of little holes Quomodo aquaedist llatae insolendae that the more pure and excrementitious portion may be resolved and that the impression of the fire which is wont to comitate waters distilled may be extracted CHAP. XXXII Of Distillation by descent DIstillation is made both by moyst and dry calour as well by ascent a descent By ascent when by the force of the heat of fire water or other body interposed the thinner part of the matter in the Cucurbita is elevated to the Capitel where condensed Varii distillationis per descensum modi by its weight it declines to the beak and runs into a vessel set under the beak And as the distillations by ascent are multifarious so also them by descent for one distillation is properly said to be by descent to wit when the humour educed without exaltation distils downwards another is by inclination another by transudation another by filtration That cannot properly be called Distillation nor referred to this place which is made without heat as by Expression or Colation Distillation by descent is sometimes made without heat Distillationem fiert interdum sine calore as when a bag filled with Myrrhe or Tartar is suspended in vapourish air or in a Wine cellar for these as many more long kept in a moyst place become tabid and as it were exude a pure juice which they emit into a vessel set under them Quomodo aqua educatur per descensum But it is made more frequently by fire by whose power not onely waters but also oils are educed by descent Thus the water of Roses and other Flowers may be well distiled A pot of copper brass or clay is taken and filled with Roses or other Flowers close covered with a head and a vessel full of coals is set under the body containing the Flowers out of which when they are calefied very good water will exude into the glass subjected But the fire is to be so ordered that the Flowers may not be burned and therefore many prudently put paper betwixt the vessel containing the fire and the Flowers for hereby they may better endure the heat But this manner of distilling as it is easy so is it common Some distill waters in dung or other putrid matter Distillatio in fimo but the Apothecary may easily want these modes who should be neat and prepare the most select remedies Distillatio in calore solis That distillation which is made in the heat of the Sun after this manner is more commendable A pot filled with Roses or other Flowers is firmly joyned to another pot set under it then it is exposed to the Sun for if its beams beat upon the upper pot very good water will distill into the lower But the distillation of Oils by descent is more difficult Oleorum distillatio per destensum and can scarce be effected without great preparation labour and time yet is it very familiar to the Alcumists who educe Oils by descent after many manners for they so prepare the vessels and instruments for distillation that they give no passage by ascent but the humour as it were melted and educed exudes downwards by drops Those Waters or Oils may be thus distilled which the ascending vapours would destroy or the potent spirits dissipate before they were brought to a consistency There are several modes of this distillation Distillatio per transudationem one is in a furnace by transudation whereby the humour provoked doth transude and falls by drops into the subjected vessel fire being placed above it Another is made by transudation but it is in the earth when a ditch is diffoded in the earth into which is put a pot to whose orifice is fitted and joyned the bottome of another pot full of little holes and the orifice of the upper pot is covered close in which pot is contained the matter to be distilled then the earth being adhibited both pots are interred even to the belly of the upper pot so that the conjunction is covered then the fire is put to by degrees according to the nature and condition of the matter to be distilled for a more solid matter requires greater heat less solid a lesser There is another distillation Distillatio per inclinationem which is a mean betwixt the distillation by ascent and that by descent which is by inclination in which there is a little elevation and afterwards a reflexion downwards It is also called a distillation by retortion because it is made in a bending Boccia in whose curvature the spirits united are compelled to descend into the receptacle placed below and well joyned to the crooked beak Now this retorted Boccia should lye in a furnace built accordingly the belly whereof must be buried in a pot wherein are ashes or sand and the beak must hang out through some hole or chink The retorted Boccia is wont to be used in distilling such things as ascend with difficulty Quandâ— re ortae in distilitationibus usurpandae as in the educing Oils out of Metals and Spirits out of Minerals to which most vehement heat is required and therefore heed must be taken lest the Retorts be burst therefore before they be set upon the fire they ought to be incrusted with clay marl or such convenient matter if nitrous matters be contained in them and they must immediately with ashes or sand be adhibited to the most violent fire But because we purpose not to relate Chymical Distillations nor their Matrals nor describe their Cucurbites Handles Vessels crooked round or long their Dishes Pots and Furnaces we will no further prosecute their precepts in distillation for they may be sooner and easier learned with practice and exercise than by description Alcumists prescribe not onely many Distillations but also other preparations as Sublimation Cohobation Exhalation Evaporation Exaltation and many more wherewith their Books are stuffed Sublimatio Cohobatio Caput mortuum Sublimation is when the Extract attains to the sublime part of the Vessel and subsists there Cobobation is when that which is educed is put again to the dead Head now the dead Head as it is taken by them is as it were dregs without juice or excrements voyd of any quality yet sometimes this is the matter of the Chymical Salt Exhalation is a dissipation of dry spirits in the air by heat Exhalatio Evaporatio Exaltatio Evaporation is a resolution of moyst spirits Exaltation doth not design the same thing that Sublimation doth for it is an artificial preparation whereby the matter is after some manner changed and brought to
will not keep one week and therefore Physicians are wont to prescribe them to present use and have them made so oft as necessity requires but we shall treat more largely of these in the next book for now we shall speak of such as may be kept by the Apothecaries for a long time of which for present use are often made Apozemes if they be dissolved in the decoction of Plants or Juleps if in distilled waters they often also ingrede the confection of Eclegmes Opiates and Condites both that they may acquire better acceptation and vertue and also a consistency more convenient to our purpose Yet they are sometimes prescribed alone and unmixed especially such as must be assumed by licking by little and little to move flegme as all brown syrups as the syrup of Colts-foot the juice of Liccorish Maidens-haire Hyssop or of some such like which by reason of their sweetnesse coct the spittle Now syrups are made of the decoction of hearbs Materia Syruporum roots fruits seeds flowers or their juices and such like as may be well decocted and the matters to be decocted are so chosen as they may answer our intent whether it be to corroborate some part or mend some vitious humour or educe it thence we have such variety of syrups for they are composed to calefy refrigerate moisten dry open obstruct cut thicken and purge And the decoction of those things whereof Syrups are made Aquâ— optima quae ought to be in water either rain-water or fountain water or running water which is best because void of all qualities the quantity whereof must be answerable to the quantity and hardnes of the things cocted for such things as are harder as roots and wood can scarce be cocted save with much time and water without adustion And therefore the water must be augmented when simples are long to be cocted as also when they are too bitter The decoction strained and clarified is boyled again with an equall quantity of sugar or honey or both and sometimes with sweet wine as it will appear in our book called the Apothecaries Shop CHAP. III. Of Propomates THe Ancients according to Aëtius and Paulus Aët. cap. 30. cent 3. ser 1. Paul Aeg. c. 15. lib. 7. Propomata quid de remed called aâ—l drinks dulcorated with honey by the generallâ—n me Propomata for they scarce knowing sugar made all drinks pleasant to the pâ—late with honey which we now make with sugar that they may be more sweet and pleasant yet some not for want of sugar are condited with honey both for the peculiar condition of the sapour and the artainment of those excellent qualities wherewith it abounds for honey besides that sweetness which it hath being most pleasant to the tongue is such an excellent conservative that many use it instead of salt for the Babylonians Dionys Areop Melle qui corpora condiebant in time past buried their dead bodyes in honey and Appius the Cook Herod in Thalia covered flesh with honey that he might preserve it without salt many things also condited and other Medicaments are dulcorated and confected with honey both that they may be more pleasant to the palate and also keep more safely without corruption and acquire more notable vertues Wherefore Galen Cap. 177 simpl Medic. writes well when he saith that honey may safely be mixed with all Antidotes For it is most sweet Cap. 11. lib. de alim and it produces most thin juice and being mixed with Medicaments it causes them to induce and keep better Paul cap. 14. lib. 7. dâ— remed yet it is not equally wholesome to all for as Cap. 8. lib. 2. de fac nat it is good for old and cold men for it is noxious to such as are feaverish and young men especially chollerick because it is soon changed ingenders choller and becomes bitter in hot bodyes for if it be holden too long to the fire it will be bitter as also if it be kept too long Cap. 16. lib. 4. simpl for Galens father Cap. 11. l. 1. de Antidot Pater Galeni mel amarum babebat had a certain kind of honey as bitter as if it had been made in Pontus in that part where the Bees gather their honey from wormewood yet he saith it was Athenian honey and very good but that it became bitter by diuturnity of time Now Pliny Cap. 56. lib. 7. saith that one Aristaeus an Athenian first invented honey and the Curetes first taught the use thereof Mellis primus inventor though Ovid makes Bacchus the Author of it when he saith Liber inventi praemia mellis habet Furthermore many Medicaments are made of honey and also potions either more liquid called by Paulus sweet Potions as Hydromel that is watry and not enough boyled or more thick and longer boyled and insolated as Hydromel of wine as Oxymel and other Medicaments which are nominated from honey as the Medicamentall honeys of violets Anacardium Râ—ses and such like Many Medicaments are comprehended under this name Hydromel as Muscadell Melicratum Hydromel of water and of wine simple and compound Quid hydromelitis nomine intelligendum yet none is so simple but it consists of honey and water as the name demonstrates but it is called simple to difference it from the more compound whereof many differences are described every where by the best Physicians as by Galen lib. de Dinamid and by Paulus lib. 7. de remed In the Confection of Hydromel In hydromelite qua mellis ad aquam proportio the proportion of honey to the water is various according to the various scope of the Physician the temper of the assumer For in Summer it is prescribed most watry as also to young men but in Winter and to old men and flegmaticke with a greater portion of wine or honey and it seemes good to our Ancients properly to call that Hydromel Hydromel vinosum which is not very watry but of wine and perfectly cocted for it seems to resemble in sapour and heat most noble Wine as that of Malmesey for it much excites spittle concocts flegmes cherishes naturall hear and roborates the stomack its genuine description and the manner of its making shall be handled in the shop divulged by us And although the rule of confecting Melicrated Mulsa Melicratum mulsa hydromel idem or Hydromell which differ onely in name not in substance be not one but various yet Mesue part 3. distinct 6. delivers the most vulgar and usuall rule to wir the admistion of eight pounds of water to one of honey which must be cocted together till froth cease to swim above which opinion the best Authors follow though many mixe with every pound of honey ten of water and sometimes twelve according to their various intentions Rusticks in Summer decoct the Loture of honey-combes Hydromel Rusticorum first strained and they despume it well and repose it in ample vessells and having
hung a little lump of Leaven in the vessells they leave it for two or three dayes and then they drink it with great pleasure to expell thirst for this drink is sharp and sweet and most pleasant to their palates others boyle six pounds of honey in fifty pound of fountain-fountain-water and scum it well and then they dissolve an ounce and an half or two ounces of Leaven or Barm and put in the Barrell leaving a certain space as about two or three fingers breadth empty Apomel is not very watry and as in strength and vertue Apomeli it is equall to vinous Hydromel so hath it the same manner of preparation as we shall shew in our shop Amongst sweet potions is reckoned Oinomel Oinomel which is made of two parts of old wine and one of honey and sometimes of six parts of swee new wine and one of honey according to Oribasius Cap. 25. lib. 5. Collect. and because honey is of thin parts and most sweet those Medicaments that admit of its Commistion do conduce most to the attenuation coction and expurgation of grosse humours CHAP. IV. Of Syrups mixed with Honey THat which the Greeks call Oxymel and the Arabians Secanjabin The Apothecaries and not improperly call a tart sweet potion for it is a sower syrup made of water and honey or sweet wine and vinegar whence the taste recerves it as soure and sweet and as it hath a mixed and various sapour so hath it mixed virtues as by reason of the honey to the vinegar as of the vinegar to 〈…〉 for vinegar hath a purging faculty and it is Gal. l 1. Acetum esse calidum frigidum simpl 〈◊〉 2. Comp Med. loc cold and hot discussive repulsive and therefore Oxymel is commodious for hot cold diseases it cuts attenuates and cleanseth grosse and slimy humours it educes spittle Oxymelitis qualitas takes away obstructions it prepares cold humours for expulsion it moderates hot humours and quenches thirst for honey is averse to cold humours vineger to their lentour and water to heat and therefore causes that the honey be longer cocted better scummed and the vertue of the Oximel Mellis optimi nota better distributed as Messue his Interpreter well observes And the honey should not onely be very good sweet and sharp pale of colour neither too thick nor too watrish nor abounding with spume but the water also being a common solace both to the whole and sick as Galen saith Cap. 27. lib. de renum dignot Aquae bonitas qui dignoscatur Medicat and most necessary to all things ought to be most pure and good and it may be tryed so to be by taste sight and smell by tast as if it be free from all qualities indued with none by sight as if it be pure sincere and exquisitely cleere by smell as if nothing can be smelled therein which is in vitious waters and the vinegar also must necessarily be very good rather white than red Acetum quodnam optimum not stillatitious nor watrish but most sharp which hath a more potent faculty in cutting and attenuating Now that Oxymel is reckoned amongst Medicines is from vineger for it is not of them accounted sweet wine betwixt which Oxymel and Apomel takes place called by Serapis Acumel But because all vineger hath not the same vertue nor all men the same delight in its taste the same proportion of honey to vineger is not generally used for some would have more of vineger others more of honey whence Serapio thinks it should be made according to his mind that drinks yet the confection described by Mesue and Oribasius is most received and approved And it is made of one part of vineger Oxymelitis praeparatio two of water and four of honey and all are boyled together to the consistency of a more liquid syrup for if it be not perfectly cocted yet because of the honey it may be preserved long enough without corruption And this is called simple Oxymel in respect of that which is more compound which besides water honey and vinegar receives many roots and fruits whereof many formes are described by Nicolaus Myrepsus and later writers CHAP. V. Of Juices mixed with Honey HOney is the Countrey-mans sugar wherewith they often condite Cherries Goosberies and Pears Apothecaryes also not for want of sugar but by the Physicians advise confect certain juices fruits and flowers with honey and make them into Conserves Galenjabin Conserva Rosarum sapes and syrups conserves as honey of Roses called by the Arabians Geneljabin and by the Greeks Rhodomel which is made of one part of the flowers of red roses bruised and three parts of honey despumed Mel passulatum Sapes as honey of grapes which confected of one pound of dry grapes clensed and macerated for a whole day in three pounds of water then boyled to the half afterwards strained and mixed with an equall quantity of honey despumed syrups as another kind of honey of roses which is made of an equall quantity of despumed honey and red rose juice the Mercuriall honey or Mel Mercuriale is also confected after the like manner and cocted to the consistency of a thicker syrup And as the consistency of these conserves of roses is various so is their description and preparation for many take the same quantity of roses purged from their white and of honey as Mesue also did but they do not as he Rhodomel boyle them on the fire but expose them to the heat of the Sun Mel Rosatum foliatum for the space of ten or twelve dayes before they repose them in their shops thus also Rhodomel prepared without colature is called by some of a later stampe Mel Rosatum foliatum and by others Conserva mellis Rosarum But that which is confected of an equall part of the juice of red roses and of honey because of its sapour and consistency is called the syrrup of the honey of roses That same is a mean betwixt both because made partly of the leaves and juice of Roses with an equall weight of honey yet the former manner of confection is more approved after which manner also other Medicinall honeys are confected of other flowers Yet is it better that these be insolated than decocted with fire Cur prastet hac insolari quà m coqui because the odour of flowers being easily dissipable perishes and their qualities do not remain integrall after cocture but they will easily endure insolation which acting with a temperate and diuturnall heat not short and fervid better mixes such Medicaments yet that honey which is made of fresh roses is used to be cocted with a slow fire that which is made of dry roses should be insolated Now what way soever honey of roses is made whether of flowers integrall or broken it ought first a little to be calefied that it may be strained and it is called Mel Rosatum Colatum As
catharticke will sufficiently exagitate the ventricle Wherefore the Physician does wisely who being called by some patient never before seen of him askes him whether his body needs a weake and gentle or valid and strong purge and whether he be most commonly laxative or restringed that he may the better accomodate his purgative Medicament neither too much nor too little to exagitate his ventricle nor yet to exclude more in quantity or quality than he should Yet if the body wholly abound with ill humours he may not at once but by little and little not on one day but many remove them for nature cannot beare great evacuations of any humours whatsoever but delights in graduall actions wherein is no violence CHAP. VII A just quantity of Medicaments can scarce be defined yet a little in excesse or defect is not perillous THE Medicinary Art is indeed conjecturall yet much helped by experience augmented by reason and confirmed by reason and confirmed by the authority of Doctors who trying effects by the indagation of causes and being more skilfull and prudent by long observance have left Theorems to posterity grounded upon many strong and necessary reasons whereby diseases may be known remedies invented and a quantity of Medicaments described if not just and definite yet so accomodate to nature and the disease that one may triumph and the other be captivated For what perill can be doubted or expected If where an ounce of Cassia is convenient seven or nine drams be exhibited if where oue dram of Rhabarb is requisite two or four scruples be assumed a small errour should not cause great feare and as all excrementitious humours cannot alwayes be educed by a Medicament without indangering sanity so we shall not need to suspect any harme by the eduction of some of them onely that are not of an offensive quality since meat and drink are not alwayes ingested after the same measere and at the same time Nor yet ill humours always bridg diseases with them Many have often eaten Hemlock instead of Persly in Pottage which the maid hath mistaken because of their convenience in externall form those also who love Froggs eat Toad stools often without harm Yet we must with all judgement and artificiall conjecture endeavour to make the quantity of the Medicament respond to the strength of the nature and the burthen to be educed which if it be copious and a proportionate Medicament cannot with safety be exhibited at once it is better to wash it away in severall dayes than at once both deject strength and humours It s sad to reiterate purgative Medicaments Suppurgatiâ—â—imenda where one will accomplish the design or to minister a violent one where a gentle one would sufficiently exonerate For suppurgation is dangerous which by too much opening the veins sometimes excites the dysentary evacuates blood and prostrates the integrity of natures strength to danger It s better therefore to relinquish some of the superfluous humours than by immoderate vacuation to protrude both necessary and excrementitious ones And as the same quantity of the same Medicament given to the same man at severall times may produce different effects so as its quantity varyes it acts variously one while is more proper for this another while for that disease for if Aphor. 1. lib. 4. Hippocr a woman with child be advised to purge which she may without fear or danger do betwixt the fourth and sixth moneth of her pregnâ—ncy she may confidently assume a roborating Medicament in a small quantity that the cause of that molestation whereof pregnant women complain may be gently removed and the foetus receive no detriment thereby But when the quantity of Opium Diagredium or such Medicaments which have great power in a little bigness is to be excoginted let it be with great care and prudence prescribed and pondered that if a just quantity can scarce be defined the exoberance or defect may â—e very small for whereas the least thing is not reached by the Law nor judged by the Praetor yet we may cafily offend in the least excesse CHAP. VIII Of such Medicaments as may without harme be taken in great quantity for whom they are convenient and when Every Medicament doth more or lesse offend nature as its faoulty is stronger or weaker by how much a catharticke is more grievous in odour or sapour by so much it causes more molestation for all purges saith Galen cap. ult lib. quos quando quibus offend the ventricle especially in its mouth which consisting of of many nerves is of more accurate sensation and therefore we either mixe benevolent lenocinyes with purgatives or select such as are not so ingratefull nor so much disturb the ventricle Which if they can be procured must not yet be presently exhibited save by those for whom they are convenient and in such quantity as may respond to the strength of nature and be easily born Which quantity is various according to the various faculties of the Medicaments which if they be weaker may be exhibited by so much in a greater quantity if stronger in a lesse Now I call them purgatiâ—es weak which by gentle and benign motion of the ventricle cleanse the first region of the body and are measured rather by câ—â—â—â—es than drams as Mannae the pulpe of Tamarinds the pith of Caffia 〈◊〉 â—â—e like Those valid or strong which being small in quantity produce groat and violent effects and which are rather weighed by grains and soruples than by drams of which hereafter all them are accounted weak which are measured by ounces and they vidleâ—â— which are 〈◊〉 by grains they indifferent which are measured by drams as Rhabarb Senny Aloes and the like all which as also all lubricating and roborating purgatives may be taken in greater quantity This also holds good in alterating Medicaments Alterantium dosis which by how much they recede lesse from the symmetry of our body as being onely hot or cold in the first degree may be prescribed in greater quantity by how much they recede more as hot or cold in the fourth degree may be exhibited in lesser quantity it is not then without perill copiously to assume Pepper Bartram Euphorbium or Cicuta Hedum or Water-Lillies because by the former the intralls would be inflamed by the later benummed and chilled But since roborative Medicaments differ much in their active powers they must be used in different quantities as cordiall waters by ounces conserves roborating the principall parts by drams more potent Antidotes by scruples Bezoar-stone and Unicorns horn by grains Now such liquids as are assumed either to roborate alter or purge may be given in a greater quantity Furthermore not only the efficacy of the Medicament but also the state of the body and humours require an augmentation Qui Medicamentis vaitdis qui benignis egent or diminution in quantity a gentle and weak Medicament will not move a strong and firme body which hath been either accustomed
to detect least some unskilfull Apothecary be deceived by such circumforaneous prestigiatours who often sell the flowers of Carthamus for Crocus and Ivory for Monocerots horn and similate many more especially rare and precious Medicaments whose use is frequent and vertues eximious Least therefore the Apothecary in whose hand the life or death of a patient is be imprudently circumduced by these wicked slaves for lucres sake to circumvent the patient I le shew him how to detect and avoid these impious frauds and deceits A lump of Kids blood kneaded in hot bread pulverised Moschi adulterium and Ladanum dissolved and kept in a box after they are mixed wherein true musk had been reposed doth much similate musk yet it may be detected by its consistency colour and odour which soon failes in the fictitious The powder of Xyloaloes Benjoin Storax Ambra and Ladanum mixed together similate together But the peculiar native odour of genuine Amber may be easily diseerned from these Moreover Amber by long attrition in ones hands becomes more friable these more soft The barke of Tamariske Cinamomi macerated in Cinamon water and dryed very much similates Cinamon but the taste will difference them Cloves that are inodorous by age will become fragrant by madefaction in wine Caryo byllorum wherein good Cloves have been macerated but this acquired odour is fugacious Rosin Belzoin Frankincense and a little Storax mixed together do fraudulently similate Belzoin but as they differ in odour so also in colour the spurious being full of white spotts Some instead of Camphyre sell the gum of Juniper Camshora but none can be thus imposed upon but such as are very ignorant for any one that 's conversant with Aesculapius may at the first sight detect the fraud Opobalsamum with a little oyle doth very much represent liquidambar Osoâ—alsamo â—â—u danbar assâ—â—e wherewith it has affinity in its faculties and this hath been so peritely adulterated that it hath deceived the most experienced in Paris The Orientall Earth Terra Lemmia orientalis called Terra Lemnia is represented by Bole or common Argill dryed pulverated kneaded with Plantain water made into pastills and signed with the great Turks sigill with which Character much comes from Bellonium but the falsity will be deprehended if both be washed with water for the water of Terra Lemnia will be fatter the other more limpid and tenuious They vitiate Bitumen also by the mixture of pitch Bitumen but the fire will discover it for that which hath pitch in it will emit a pleasant odour Opii Opium is similated by Meconium or the juice of the leaves and stalk of black Poppy but the errour may be discerned by the fatnesse which is much in the genuine none in the adulterate Manna Thuris may easily be adulterated Manna thuris since the powder of Rosin doth much resemble it but fire detects the fraud Tacamahaca Tacamahaca is adulterated with Gum Elemi which is very like the true one for they respond in colour consistency and odour only the one is a little more pleasant to the nose Sagapene Galbanum Opoponax and Serapinum being common are seldom adulterated But Bedellium being more rare is adulterated by course Mirrh and so imposed upon idiots Sassafras was unknown of old in Europe which at its first allation was sold dear and was thereupon much sophisticated I knew a man that sold the powder of Box-wood and Fennell-seed for the powder of saffafras but when plenty of the genuine was conveyed the adulteration ceased Some knaves sell an Oxes heart-bone for a Harts heart-bone but they that know both approve of the Harts and reject the other as endued with no eximious vertue Some substitute great plums for Tamarinds but they do ill in calling them Tamarinds since they differ so apertly in shell pulpe and sapour I could detect the adulteration and manner thereof of a thousand other Medicaments out of Dioscorides and other as well ancient as modern Writers but I hold it better toconceale them since man is so prone to evill and so perite to deceive this I le say by the way that waters liquors juices and compound Medicaments may be easily adulterated simples especially integrall ones not so easily The end of the fourth Book OF PHARMACEUTICAL INSTITUTIONS The fifth Book Of the formes of Medicaments whose use is celebrous in precaution and profligation of diseases THE FIRST SECTION Of such as are assumed at the mouth THE PREFACE AS many Aliments are condited with mixture of severall things and prepared with laborious artifice that they may be long conserved without petretude and marcour as Pastyes Puddings many farciments and biscake on which the Mariners feed sometimes by the space of two years while they sayle to the Indies or as that same Powder or meale which the Turkish Souldiers carry in their Zones made like knapsacks which they knead with water and coct to the consistence of a pultis and so feed upon it a whole moneth Others being conservative not above a day or two and some not above an houre without alteration So many Medicaments will endure in integrall strength for the space of a year or two being conserved in Pharmacopolyes as in a rich store-house for future uses Others not enduring without dammage the space of two dayes in Summer as those which are prepared for present use whereof we have determined in order to discourse in this our last Book beginning with them that are intrinsecally assamed either by the mouth or other convenient place as Nose Fundament and the like which are variously compounded not only according to the variety of the nature of the disease but also of the part affected which must have some one some another consistency that they may be more commodiously applyed more fitly adhere or with more ease be deferred to the part affected as potibles must be liquid edibles solid and applicatives indifferent all which that we may severally prosecute we will begin with potulents and then describe other more solid Medicaments in this first Section we will in the second subjoyn a speciall treatise of such as are injected into the belly or uterus in the third we will describe those Medicaments which are applyed to the extrinsecall parts of the body CHAP. I. Of some ordinary decoctions common by their long use Sometimes the substance alone sometimes the juice sometimes the decoction of the Medicament is administred which decoction that it may be more easily and successefully assumed must be of simple distilled or other convenient water or humour as the intention of the Physician and exigency of the matter requires Now the liquor wherein the decoction is made that must be assumed at the mouth of which alone we now speak should be endued with no insuave or violent quality For potulent decoctions made in the juice of Wormewood lesser Centory immature grapes or Lee or vinegar are neither safe nor
takes not onely water but confects Juleps of juices infusions and decoctions And the vulgarity of men call all limpid dulcorate Potions Julens whether they be made of distilled waters onely or of the decoction of a few sweet simples and much water percolated clarified Julepus zizyphorum and dulcorated such as the Julep or rather Syrup of Jujubs for when it is made of a hundred great Jujubs and four pounds of water cocted to the half and one pound of sugar it acquires a more crass consistency than a Julep and therefore when it comes to be used it requires dilution in simple water cocted or in a Prisane whereas a Julep is limnid enough of it self And that same Syrup which from its frequent use there derives its name from Alexandria Syrupus Alexandrinus is improperly called a Julep since it is as much inspissiated by coction and as long kept as any Syrup Now the Julep of Roses is right made when it consists of Rose-water with half as much Sugar cocted almost to the crassitude of a Syrup or little less if it be presently to be assumed as vulgar Juleps Julepus rosatus qui fiat which are made for present use of Sugar or some Syrup with thrice its quantity of water as â„ž The water of Endive â„¥ iij. Syrup of Limons â„¥ j. mingle them Thus Juleps should be of a more liquid consistency that they may be percolated but those that are longer cocted or receive onely a double quantity of Water to their Sugar as the syrup of Roses Syrupus Rosareus Rondeletii according to Rondeletius or an equal weight of both according to Sylvius are because of their crassitude scarce fluid and admit not of percolation Therefore according to the different coction and quantity of Water to the Sugar it will be a Syrup if both be equal or a Julep if three parts of Water be put to one of Sugar according to Loubertus Since Juleps are easy to make I shall onely describe one or two forms â„ž of the waters of Fumatory and Wood sorrel an â„¥ ij of Sugar â„¥ j. boyl them on a gentie fire till one ounce be consumed make it into a Julep for one dose An Hypnotical Julep to conciliate sleep may be thus made â„ž The water of Water lillyes Ê’ ij of Betony â„¥ j. Syrup of Poppyes simple â„¥ j. drink it at the hour of sleep which is at nine of the clock at night CHAP. V. Of distilled Restoratives ALL analeptical and restorative Medicaments which refocillate the habit of the body absumed by long disease or hunger which are prescribed to resartiate the vigour of the faculties weakned with languor are not onely taken from medicinal but alimental matter For whereas they conduce partly to the nutriment of the body and partly to the cure of the part affected it is manifest by reason that they should be endued with various qualities Now they are called distilled Medicaments Distillata cur dicta because they are distilled drop by drop from an Alembick into a subjected Vessel and Restoratives because they are extracted from nutritive flesh from Conserves Cordial Powders and all such things as either by their odour or substance refresh the spirits or roborate the principal parts Many disapprove of the custome of the ancients who distilled the raw flesh of Capons or Partridges purged from their bones and fatnesse together with the powders and conserves for seeing raw flesh is hardly concocted and the faculty of the powders easily and dissipable with what reason are these mixed especially seeing that the water first distilling from the crude flesh corrupts soon they seem to do better that put the flesh halfe cocted and its own juice into the Alembick with the other materialls Neither do we approve of their action Catenarum aurcarum decoctio non utilis who coct golden chains together with the flesh seeing nothing of them is dissolved nor yet extracted from them save that filth they have contracted by touching Their custome is more laudable who cast filings of Gold into coction as the Apothecaryes of Paris use to do who spare no cost that they may confect their restoratives and other compounds well This solemn and excellent distillation may be thus accomplished â„ž Of the broth of one Capon and 2. Partridge lb. ij of the waters of Buglosse Wood Sorrell and Water-Lillyes of each as much as will suffice of the Conserve of violets succory and roses of each â„¥ ij Pulveris Diamargariti frigidi Electuarii triasantali diarrhodonis Abbatis an â„¥ j. Troches of Camphor â„¥ ij filings of GoldÊ’ j. ss put them all into an Alembeck and after convenient maceration let them be distilled according to Art The description of another distillation excellent against hot and malignant feavers â„ž Of the waters of Wood sorrell Goates-beard Carduus Succory of each â„¥ iiij Cock broth lb. j. Conserve of Water-Lillyes Roses of each â„¥ j. Treacle â„¥ ss of the powder of the roots of Angelico and Termentill of eachÊ’ ij Dictamus â„¥ j. Carduus and Citron-seeds of eachÊ’ ij Sage and Orange flowers of each p. iij. put all these into a still and according to Art proceed to the distillation You may adde to a portion of this same distillation when you would use it some fit liquor as the juice of Lemmons or Orenges with a little common sugar or conserve of Roses if the sick desire it CHAP. VI. Of Decoction or Apozemes GErmany indeed that I may a little decline from the rode is happy in that it is not only a nursery of famous men but a treasure also of precious things Yet as the frugiferous tree brings forth with fragrant Apples blasted blossomes and sometimes pestiferous fruits so hath she produced a very Monster in nature I mean that Pseudomedick Paracelsus who professed the Devill the Authour of his Medicine calling his characters and words the Devils Art our syrups and decoctions mans inventions Herophilus the ancient Philosopher denoted these as also all Medicaments with more sanctity calling them the Auxiliatory hand of the Gods which being indued with divine and admirable faculties are able to cure the diseased and preserve the sound body Upon this account Heraclitus famous also amongst Philosophers was wont to call sacrifices Medicaments because they like some praepotent Physick purge the soul as medicaments do the body Cael. Rhod. cap. 2. lib. 12. The Impostor said truely when he called decoctions mans medicaments for herewith the quality of the peccant humours is tempered many pains eased the violence of the untimely guest death abated the acerbity of the symptomes mitigated and the parts reduced to their native bonity and vigour for they are made of all kinds but especially of alterative and roborative Medicaments wherein sometimes some benign purgative simples are infused in small quantity for it were absurd to call any blackish ingratefull laxative decoction wherein much Senny or half an ounce of some electuary as Catholicum or some lenitive hath
therefore seem much to be deceived who think that emulsions serve to nothing save the cure of the virulent flux of the sperme for in many things they may be used instead of Apozems and Hordeates when they are confected of brayed seeds which refrigerate leniate move urine or conciliate sleep upon which in the time of contrition either a Ptisane or decoction of such simples as conduce to that purpose must be superfused as when purged Almonds and Artichocks with the decoction of jujubs and dry grapes are contunded for the asperity of the jawes the frigid seeds with the decoction of Lettices and of the flowers of Water-Lillyes for the heat of the bowells and the same seeds with the decoction of the roots of seeds of Althea Liquorice and Figgs for the Acrimony of urine The quantity of the decoction must be augmented or diminished according to the quantity of the seeds an emulsion should neither be absolutely crasse nor absolutely liquid but in a mean betwixt the consistency of Apozems and Syrups like the more limpid Amygdalates which in colour and sapour differ not much from emulsions but they are somewhat more crasse as Hordeates are denser than Amygdalates Syrups than Hordeates Eclegmes than Syrups and Electuaryes than Eclegmes These are the best descriptions of Emulsions for the diseases of the breast and lungs â„ž An Emulsion to allay the heat of the stomach Of sweet Almonds blanched â„¥ j. Pine kernells not rancid â„¥ ss the 4. greater Coole seeds of eachÊ’ iij. beat them in a stone morter and with a pint of the decoction made of Jujubs and Raisons conquass them together dulcorate it with â„¥ 4. of sugar for 4. doses To extinguish the ardour of the reins and abate the Acrimony of urine â„ž To allay the heat of the urine The 4. greater Coole seeds of each â„¥ ss the seeds of Lettice and white poppyes of eachÊ’ ij bruise them well in a marble morter and mix with them one pinte of water or Ptisan in the Colature dissolve syrup Nimphaea â„¥ iij. forÊ’ doses This following Emulsion conduces to the cure of the virulent flux of the sperme after other universall remedyes â„ž Water Lentills Lettice seed of eachÊ’ ij Purslain and Plantain seed of eachÊ’ j. the 4. greater Coole seeds of each â„¥ ss beat them in a stone morter powring on Barley water lb j. ss add sugar of Roses â„¥ iiij for 5. or 6. doses To be taken two houres before meales CHAP. IX Of Amygdalates ALmonds are either bitter which are solely Medicinall or sweet which are partly alimentall partly Medicamentall Of these a certain potion is confected white as milk which Physicians prescribe to feaverish and pectorall affections for though Almonds according to Paulus Aegyn lib. 7. de re Med. and Oribasius cap. 2. lib. 2. Synopseos be moderately hot or rather temperate yet being brayed and diluted in water their fervour is abated and by a certain inciding and attenuating faculty purge the breast and bowells Actuar cap. 7. de spirit animal nut now of their cremour may be made a certain sorbicle which doth both nourish and lenify the asper Artery and facilitate the projection of such humours as are contained in the breast which is thus made â„ž Of Almonds blanched â„¥ ij beat them in a stone morter and poure on lb ss of water addÊ’ vj. of sugar boyle them a little on the fire and afterwards let it be given Some adde to the mixture two or more grains others refuse How Amâ—gdalates are made it may be administred at any time especially to such as love not pottage or broath but it is most frequently given at the houre of sleep and then you may put to it a little of the seed of white Poppy or Lettice especially if it be prescribed to a sick man that cannot sleep Some bray Almonds with warme water and so by the addition of a little sugar make it up without fire and so give it But it s better to bray them with luke-warme water and afterwards elixate them after the usuall manner the quantity of sugar should be augmented or diminished as the condition of the affection requires for as sweet things are bechicall and most accommodate to the affections of the breast Lungs so by how much the Amygdalate is more obdulcorated with sugar by so much it is more convenient to them by how much its lesse obdulcorated by so much fitter for the feaverish This sweet potion is very common at Lutetia Amygdalata Lutetiâ—e usitatissima in so much that the very women make of it daily so that their Medicks never describe any receipt but bids the Apothecary make an amygdalate leaving the materialls to his arbitration A greater quantity both of sugar and Almonds must be put in the confection that 's made for such as love solids lesse of each and more of water for such as love liquids CHAP. X. Of the Antients Ptisane or Hordeate THe vulgar Ptisane is a potion made of Liquorice-water and a little barley and often without the Ancients Ptisane is a meat made of select barley decortticated with grinding and water hence Ptisana from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to grinde and decorticate Hordeati praeparatio by Galens advice cap. 2. lib. de Ptisana the barley should be fat partaker of no adventitious quality neither too new nor too old nor yet wrinckled which Barley thus selected must be macerated in water then brayed in a morter that the exteriour shell and all glumosity may be excussed then rubbed with ones hands washed and purged from the bran then dryed and kept and when use calls for it then must a part of it be cocted in twelve times as much water on a slow fire till it swell to the height depose all flatuosity Antiquorum Ptisana and become a smooth continuall equall and lubricall juice thus the Ancients at first cocted their Ptisane and exhibited it to the sick yet some of them mixed with it boyled wine or honey or cummin and others a little oil vineger and salt but we being more delicate add none of these but onely sugar and sometimes a few Almonds and as we retain not the mixture of the Ancients so neither do we keep the name calling that a hordeate which Hippocrates and Galen called a Ptisane and it s thus made at Lutetia â„ž The best Barley well purified â„¥ ij boyle it upon a gentle fire in cleere water till the barley begins to swell pour off the water and let fresh be poured on then boyle it upon a cleare fire for four or five houres afterwards straine it add to the colatureÊ’ vj. of sugar afterwards boyle it againe and so make use of it For thus your Hordeate will be more crasse and nutritive in Italy they do not boyl it after colature and it is more liquid and more greedily assumed by some patients but it nourisheth not so much and therefore is assumed not only once a day
are extrinsecally applyed and first CHAP. I. Of Baths WHEN we mention a Bath we mean such an one as is made of sweet water whether pluvial or fluvial not such sordid Baths as they have in some places in Spain where they wash or rather inquinate themselves in urine long kept for that purpose nor yet those medicinal Baths wherewith many places of the Earth abound which because of several Minerals they pass through acquire several sapours and odours and eximious faculties in curing many affections For the Earth produces almost as many Springs of Medicinal Waters as diseases Gal. cap. 5. lib. 1. de sanitate tuenda wherewith Normandy and almost all France and Germany and Italy abound But we here speak of a Bath which being made of simple water or the decoction of some herb may be provided in any house Now Baths are instituted for three causes to wit for delight Balneorum usus triplex for preservation of sanity and depulsion of diseases The antient Romanes were great admirers of Baths for pleasure and therefore they made Baths for publick uses both for amplitude and artifice inimitable the structure being of Alexandrian and Numidian Marble Balneorum superha structura for the walls were adorned on one side with Thasian stones on the other with Pictures much recreating the sight their cocks were of silver which distilled warm or hotter water as they would into the vessel for they were so much taken with Lavacres that some of them especially their Emperours and Senatours Balnea Romani habebant in deliciit who had Baths apart would bathe themselves seven times a day And seeing Baths are very voluptuous as Ulpianus not without reason attests the Jews that lived at Tripolis and Damascus had Baths for pleasure wherein men and women bathed promiscuously before Antoninus the Philosophers time which they therefore called Gymnasies To preserve sanity 〈◊〉 mâ—gna militas such as have a hot liver or squalid skin are much helped by frequent bathings in warm water as Oribasius cap. 27. lib. 1. asserts To depell diseases Baths are very usefull for Galen cap. 10. lib. 10. meth med c. 20. lib. 12. commends them in the Hectick Diarian and sometimes in the putrid feaver with due observation Hippocrates also before Galens time attested in many places that Baths conduce to the cure of many diseases part 44. lib. 3. de vict acutor for they open the pores discuss the humours abate the heat of the bowels take away lassitude dilute the terrene and melancholical humour or at least temper and moderate it Make a Bath of milk alone or a very small quantity of water and milk for such as are rich and labour under a Hectick Feaver for such as are not rich let water suffice and that fluvial or pluvial rather than fountain water wherein for more success coct some parts or else integral plants as Marsh-mallows Mallows Violets Vine leaves and Colesfoot of each m. iiij boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water for a Bath For the morphew or fedity of the skin after the emendation of the prave humours and diminution of blood by purge and phlebotomy let the body be immerged in the aforesaid Bath then let him be washed three four or more times if need be in this following Bath â„ž The leaves of Enulacampane Sorrel Scabious ana m. vj. Tatsane and Fumatory ana m. iij. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to fill the Bath Some foolish Wretches believe that the Leprosy may be cured by a Bath of Mans bloodâ— but this horrible Prescript seems to be an invention of the Devil and not at all to be admitted for such a Disease whereby the whole Oeconomy of Nature is ruined can neither by external application nor internal assumption nor by both together be emended CHAP. II. Of a Semicupium or Insess AS a Bath is a Lavacre of the whole body except the head which partakes also of the vapours so an Insess of half the body for it is a Bath onely of the belly or a half Bath full of convenient liquor wherein the diseased may sit up to his ventricle his legs and feet be put out called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Insessus or Insessio and sometimes Semicupium It is constituted of the same Materials that make up a Bath and Fomentation and it is less than one greater than the other It is very usefull for it mollifies the Uterus reserates its vessels Semicupii usus asswages colical passions and other dolours caused in the reins by the stone in the ureters by obstructions or in other inferiour parts of the belly This Semicupium will by the emollition and deduction of the vessels asswage the dolour of the stone in the reins â„ž Beets Marsh-mallows Mallows Violets Pelitory tops of Dill anam iij. Linsed â„¥ ij boyl all these in rain water or fountain till their virtues be transmitted pro semicupio Some put the materials in some bag and apply them to the place most pained in the very insession The body that abounds with crude and viscid humours should be first purged by some convenient Medicament if time permit if not then with a Glyster Some make Insessions of the decoction of Tripes to cure the exsiccation hardness and tension of the belly and the colical dolours some adde milk to them others wine others oil That colical dolour which arises from much flatuosity distending and excruciating the belly may be cured with this Semicupium â„ž Polium of the mount Calamint Origanum tops of Dill Melilet Marjoran ana m. iij. the seeds of Cummin Anise Fennel Bay-berries ana â„¥ j. put them all in two bags and boyl them in water sufficient for a Semicupium wherein the diseased must be demerged with his face upward from the knees to the navel CHAP. III. Of a Vaporary AVaporary consists of the same things a Semicupium is made of though in less quantity for it is enough that a few herbs or such things be cocted in a Kettle and the vapour thereof traduced through a hole in a chair whereon the diseased sits to move the Uterus or Fundament for it is onely made to reserate the Uterus to evoke or stay Flowers to open or constringe the Hemorrhoides to asswage dolour and to alter some intemperancy To provoke Flowers lest the vapour should be disgregated and exhaled into the ambient air the perforated chair whereon the diseased woman sits should be accurately involved in many cloaths for so the ascendent vapour will be easily carried to the privities and permeating the orifice of the vessels will attenuate the blood and excite it to motion This Receipt is fit to move Flowers and Hemorrhoides â„ž Marsh-mallows Mugwort Calamint Hyssop Winter-savoury Marjoran ana m. j. Savin m. ij the flowers of Melilot Chamemile and Jasmine ana m. ss let the Decoction be made in water and in a fourth part of white wine and let the vapour be admitted as
constituted of the above mentioned calefactories Dropax magis compositus when it is prescribed for the reduction of any part perished by cold to its pristine bonity and when it is requisite that it exsiccate Then Oribasius cap. 10. lib. 1. adds Salt Sulphur Wine and the ashes of Vine branches to its confection and when it should open Euphorbium and Lymnestis otherwise called Adarce and all these must be brayed and strewed into melted Pitch The Dropax must be applyed while it is hot the hairs of the place first shaved off and a special care had lest the strength of the Dropax over-power the diseased If the Dropax be speedily pulled off it confirms the remiss spirits Dropacis effectus revokes them to the superficies and minds them of their work Aetius loco dicto It is sometimes adhibited instead of a Psylothrum to evell the hairs of a scurfy head for that malign filthy contagious ulcer of the head cannot be perfectly cured unless the hair be first evelled or abraded CHAP. XIX Of Psylothers APsylother is referred to the cosmical Medicaments which serve chiefly for the bodies culture and ornament neither Unguent nor Salve nor yet partaking of any special form but a depilatory Medicament which applyed in any form whatever will by its quality erode the hairs or down and so make a rough place smooth Now every Psylother properly so called having an eroding and burning faculty doth not onely attenuate but evell hairs and for a time utterly denude the place and therefore must not be applyed without great care and prudence for if it abide too long on the place especially if it be adustive it will ulcerate the skin raise pimples and burn like a Caustick or erodes like an Escharotical Medicament Oribasins cap. 13. lib. 10. reckons these for such Depilatories as may be safely adhibited to wit stillatitious Lixive Arsenick Sandarach and Calx viva Yet may some of those that exulcerate more vehemently be added to make the Psylothers more valid as Paulus Aegineta doth in this description cap. 52. lib. 3. â„ž * * * Millepedae Hogs lice Psyâ—othris Pauli Aselli domestici Assellorum domesticorumÊ’ ij Sandarach â„¥ ss Lime stone â„¥ j. old Vinegar the Lixivium of a Fig tree and lb ss boyl them to the consistency of a Liniment This Domesticus Asellus is an Animal which lodges under water vessels and contracts it self into a lump The Greeks call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Millepedae the French Cloportes we Palmer worms Rondeletius prescribes this Psylother to absume hairs Rondeletii Psylother that they may never come again â„ž Auripigmentum Ants egs Gum Arabick ana â„¥ ss Gum Hederae â„¥ ij and with the blood of a Bat or juice of Henbane make it up into a Liniment according to art a portion whereof must be applyed to the place you would have denuded after you have shaved off the hair Oribasius and Aetius call white Vine or Briony a Psylother because of its excellent faculty in eroding hairs This Psylother is most efficacious made after this manner â„ž Another Lime-stone â„¥ ij Auripigmentum â„¥ ss let these be boyled in as much Lixivium as will suffice and make thereof a Liniment with which anoint the place for four hours afterwards wash it with clean water In the Turks Dominion there is a Mineral they call Rusma which may justly be preferred before all Psylothers for its preheminency in acting for though it be very temperate and burn not the part to which it is adhibited yet it doth speedily and without dolour erode the hairs denude the place leaving it very smooth without any token of a hair Which that it may be more commodiously applyed it should be levigated into small powder and diluted in water with half as much Calx viva The Turkish women before they go into a Bath or Hypocaust adhibit this mixture to their privy members and arm-holes which places they much desire alwayes to depilate and glabrify This Rusma is like Iron dross but lighter blacker and seemingly exust as Bellonius observes cap. 33. lib. 3. CHAP. XX. Of Vesicatories THis little extrinsecal Medicament Vesicatorium quomodo a sinapismo pyrotico differt from its effect in exciting the bladder we call a Vesicatory It is a little more vehement than a Phoenigm or Sinapism which onely rubrifies the superficies of the skin and more weak than a Pyrotick which burns the skin for being adhibited to the skin it raises the extream surface and causes blisters which being broken emit water in little quantity if the body be dry or the Medicament applyed to the superiour parts in greater quantity if the body be humid or hydropical and it applyed to the inferiour parts as to the leg for the skin being broken the water fluctuating in the belly or legs will sometimes delabe and flow from the little ulcer as from a fountain but the ulcer is sometimes left dysepulotical A Vesicatory applyed behind the ear on the side the tooth affected stands helps the tooth-ach and sometimes by its adhibition to the feet the Gonagry and Podagry are cured and it is thought to be more conducible to the phlegmatick than the cholerick yet I saw the Ring-worm perfectly cured by the application of a Vesicatory which no other presidy could amend Marcellus cap. 19. lib. de remed commends it to the cure of tetters and other affections of the skin Vesicatorium rusticorum If a Vesicatory be applyed to a wound inflicted by some wild beast or to a malign sore near the groins it will evoke the poyson and very much facilitate the cure The Rusticks make it of the roots of Ranunculus bruised and apply it but the Apothecaries make it of Cantharides pulverated and mixed with a little vinegar and leaven that is the best which is confected of the powder of Cantharides mixed with the Gumme of Elemus And it is thus made â„ž Euphorbium Pepper Cantharides ana ℈ ss and with leaven and vinegar make it into a Vesicatory CHAP. XXI Of Pyroticks or Cauteries HIppocrates Aph. ult lib. 7. saith right What Medicaments cannot cure the Sword may what the Sword cannot Fire may but what Fire cannot is altogether incurable For a Disease is oft so efferous as it will yield to no Medicament but must either be cured by section or ustion or both Now ustion is oft performed with a hot Iron which were able to terrifie the most magnanimous in whose stead the sedulity of our Medicks have invented a Medicament which from its operation and effect they name a Pyrotick for in its efficacy it resembles fire by its application it kills the quick flesh absumes the dead flesh and perforates the sound part that it may receive the excretion of the unsound opens the unsound that it eructate its own excrements Thus a Pyrotick makes an abscess for the corruption to break through thus it breaks the impostume and pertunds the fwellings that each may disgorge
Anise but longer and sharper There are other Plants like this which are taken for it Thus Theophrastus calls Carret Daucus Thus wild Pastinaca and Caucalis borrow the denomination of Daucus It s seed Vires which is frequently used in Medicine calefies siccates opens incides moves flowers and urine and discusses flatuosity We have before treated of Smallage whose seed is reckoned amongst the lesser Calefactives CHAP. XXXVIII Of some eximious Flowers from which most efficacious Waters and Oils are extracted and first of Roses ROse is so common spontaneously growing in every hedge that it cannot but be known There are two sorts hereof one wild which is called Cynorrhodon or Dog-rose the other Garden-rose which we call Rose absolutely whereof there are many sorts to wit red white pale incarnate luteous ceruleous which grows in many places in Italy and the mosellate Rose which flourishes in Autumn Other varieties may be educed out of these by art and mangony but three onely are used in Medicine to wit white red and damask waters are distilled out of the white Honey of Roses Conserve Oil and Unguent of the red and Syrup laxative are made of the damask There are many parts in Roses to wit the flower the stalk capillaments granules little flowers the calix the seed the daun Some call those little flowers that adhere to the capillaments Anthera but Anthera properly is a compound Medicament used to the affections of the mouth as it appears by Actuarius c 7. l. 6. meth med by Celsus c. 11. l. 6. by Oribasius and Marcellus All Roses have not the same faculty for the pale relax the red astringe both roborate as also the common white and sweet Roses for all sweet odours recreate and refresh the spirits as also those vital and animal parts that hold the principality CHAP. XXXIX Of Nymphea or Water-Lilly THis Nymphea which the Poets feign to have sprung from a dead Nymph that was jealous of Hercules is the most used of all water-plants in Medicine whereof Pharmacopolists make two sorts one greater which bea rt white flowers the other less which bears luteous flowers Both grow in standing waters and fens The greater hath ample round and green leaves gracile long smooth and round stalks white flowers in candour and magnitude resembling Lillyes and yellow in the middle a black nodous and long root some call it Water Lilly some Neâ—â—ybar and others Heraclea The lesser grows in a slimy watty soyl on slender stalks about 〈◊〉 cubits long whereon a yellow shining flower grows like a Rose its root is white nodous sharp and sweet Nymphea refrigerates exceedingly asswages salacity Vires retains the immoderate flux of the seed and being drunk and exhibited by way of liniment it quite extinguishes the seed it conciliates sleep and wholly takes away Venery if its decoction or conserve or syrup made of its flowers be long used CHAP. XL. Of Lilly Lilly is by some of the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by others who believe that it was produced by Juno her milk it is called Juno's Rose in Garlands it is placed next to the Rose for its eximious candour suaveolence and elegant form illustrate its dignity This Plant is very fecund for one root will produce and nourish fifty heads It consists commonly of one stalk two cubits high and sometimes higher comous with leaves like Ragwort but something longer twined and green with a flower in form of a basket whole labra constitute a circle out of which bottom issue shining tufts like yellow yearn and whose extremity is tuberous This broad and elegant flower adhering to a small slender and languid peduncle and another to a crass and rigid branch encompassed with leaves which withers about the end of Summer and buds again at the beginning of Autumn There are many sorts of Lillyes for besides the white and common which is so called absolutely there is another they call the white Byzantian Lilly which hath got its distinction from the 〈◊〉 where it grows another there is of a cruent colour another yeâ—â—w another light red There is also a small Lilly they call the Lilly of the Valley and there is a great one they call the Persian Lilly or more commonly the Imperial Crown which the Barbarians of Tusat whereunto we may adde the Day-Lilly Chalcedony Byrantine and such like whereof now to treat were beyond our institution The root of white Lilly is malactical and anodynous and of 〈◊〉 use in decocting glysters and confecting emollitive and matter moving Cataplasms An Oil also may be extracted out of the flowers infused for the same purposes Their water also distilled will take wrinkles out of ones face and make it of a very white colour CHAP. XLI Of Crocus or Saffron WE referr to the order of these eximious flowers Saffron the golden coloured red flower of a bulbous Plant which the Physicians call Crocus the French men following the idiome of the Mauritanians Saffron But it is a bulbous Plant lively and carnous whose leaf is narrow and gramineous whose flower is like meadow Hermodactyle with filaments of a purple and golden colour and whose odour is intense with some sharpness It grows best about fountains and high-wayes rejoycing to be torn and trod upon which as they say comes better on by being killed But the best of all grows in Corycus a Mountain of Cilicia for its odour is more fragrant and its colour more aureous It is green in the Spring it dilates it self all Summer in Autumn are its flowers gathered which are not usurped for medicinary and culinary uses solely but many more when any aureous colour is desired Now Crocus is either domestick whereof Dioscorides enumerates many sorts or sylvestrian whereof Dodonaeus describes more all which for brevities sake I omit It is hot in the second degree dry in the first Vires if moderately used it helps the brain refocillates the senses excites sleep and torpour by recreating the heart it begets joyfulness draws the humours to concoction and much profits him that knows how to use it with prudence Mesue makes an Oil thereof which ingredes the confection of the Emplaster made of Frogs It goes also to other compositions as to the Syrup of King Sabor and to the Oxycrocean Emplaster whereunto it gives not onely colour but also eximious faculties SECTION II. Of Purgative Simples The Preface OUR former Section being finished wherein we have clearly unfolded and explained such common Simples as are as it were Preparatives and occur every where to the composition of Medicaments we will proceed therefore in the next place to describe such Catharticks as purge humours by subdacing the belly and they are such as are given sometimes by themselves alone or mingled with such Compositions as are prescribed in our Shop And these are for the most part exetical and forreign conveyed to us dry from savage and barbarous Regions Yet some we have growing with us especially in hot Regions
comes from Agaria a region of Samatia whence it derives its denomination Now we have very good from Delphinatus a Province of France and many parts of Italy where procerous Larix trees grow copiously on whose trunks Agarick grows which is no root as Dioscorides and Galen conjectured It is hot in the first degree dry in the second it purges flegm liberates obstructions attenuates deterges dissipates flatuosity and eases us of all diseases proceeding from viscid crass and frigid humours CHAP. IX Of Polypody POlypody is so tearmed because many knots and tubercles like the Fishes called Polypi grow on its roots It is also called Dentropteris or tree fern because it grows on trees and sometimes on umbrous stones mossy walls and such humid places It is an herb without stalk flower and seed consisting onely of a root and leaves like masculine fern but lesser and maculated on the under side with yellow spots It s root is hirsute and long about the crassitude of a little finger extending it self obliquely and exasperated with many lumps within it is porraceous and virid like a Pastick nut its sapour is very sweet subamare austere and somewhat aromatical but it doth not much affect the tongue It doth not calefy in the third degree as Mesue thought but it 's probable that it exsiccates in the second it deterges digests and ficcates crass and viscid humours educes melancholick and viscid flegm and that even from the articles if it be copiously assumed It sustains much coction and is seldome given alone but mixed with other purgatives which may adauge its imbecil purgative faculty The broth of an old Cock the decoction of Bete or Mallows much augment its purgative faculty It helps also some affections when it is externally applyed Diosc c. 188. l. 4. CHAP. X. Of Carthamus Bastard or Spanish Saffron AS the nomenclature of Cartham denotes this herb to be purgative so doth Enicus shew it spinous For Cartham is a Plant which as to its faculty is subductive and to its cognation of the sorts of Carduus It assurges on a stalk two cubits high and more which is strait hard ligneous and towards the top ramous Its leaves are long broad from the middle to the stalk acuminated towards the top and aculeated in their ambient The extremities of the branches produce some round heads about the magnitude of Olives obduced with many spinous skins which emit Saffron-colour'd flowers so like them of Crocus that most perspicacious eyes may be deceived in them hence the Vulgar call it the wild Crocus To these succeed long smooth white angulous and splendent seeds effigiated like them of Heliotrope whose cortex is hard and medulla or pith white fat and sweet Cartham is by the Seplasiaries called wild Crocus by the Medicks Cnicum whereof there are two sorts the one sative or vulgar the other wild whereof Theophrastus makes two sorts also the one with a strait caul which women use for distaffs which according to Ruellius c. 155. l. 3. is a kinde of thistle and wild Cartham the other lower grosser and more hirsute which they call Carduus Benedictus of which elsewhere Carthamus seed is purgative Vires for its very pith solely assumed is flegmagogous and mixed with other Medicaments expurges lent and frigid humours but that it calefies not in the third degree sense demonstrates contrary to Galen's opinion CHAP. XI Of Wallwort or Dwarf-Elder WAllwort and Elder are so similar Ebulus that they seem to differ solely in magnitude whence Dioscorides calls them both Elders the one the Arboreous Elder the other the Dwarf-Elder Elder grows into a tall tree sometimes whose boughs and bole are hollow medullous and round like reeds first green then cineritious ligneous and hard Sambucus its leaves are like them of a Wallnut tree but graveolent and in their ambient frequently incided Its flowers are many small white and elegantly composed into heads whose consequents are turgent berries of a sanguineous colour The Elder germinates first of wild trees and is last denudated of its leaves But Wall-wort or Dwarf-Elder is more herbaceous and low whose stalk is neither ligneous nor perpetual but annually tabefying and dying It grows best in moyst and fat soyls especially if they be incultivated Its leaves are ample and incided about Its flowers composed into heads are numerous white odorate not fetid Its fruits like Elders are small round black and pregnant with juice and seed Its roots are crass long and carnous out of its fruits in Autumn they get small seeds which they keep in their Pharmacopolies Both its roots and seeds are hydragogous and very apertive and therefore usefull in hydroptical and watry diseases CHAP. XII Of Esula or Devils milk THere are seven sorts of Tithymals enumerated amongst the lacteous Plants whereunto Esulae are congenerate Esula for they are all lacteous and purge flegm with griping and molestation yet Esula is by the Rusticks taken for Rhabarb and so frequently used to the valitude of many and the death of more It is called Esula or Caula by the Arabians Alsebran by Diascorides Peplus by the Shopmen Esula rotunda because its small leaves are orbiculated It grows in vineyards hedge sides and many incultivated places Another Plant which Dioscorides calls Peplion and Peplis and some water Plantain hath much cognation and the same virtues with this Esula The round and lesser Esula is better than the greater which hath leaves like Tithymal Esula is hot Vires sharp and ulcerative violently educing flegm its substance being tenuious is igneous sharp incisive tenuative fusive apertive and siccative Besides flegm it draws also choler from the junctures It s ferity is castigated by infusion in vinegar as we have shewed in Officina 〈◊〉 8. l. 2. or by admistion of some cordials or roberatives CHAP. XIII Of Hermodactyls HErmodactyls Hermodactylus and Colchian Ephemora are bulbeâ— Plants similar in form in faculties dissimilar for * * * Quick-fading flower Ephemerâ—â—â— is strangulative in one day suffocating the assumer and no way subducing the belly in purging whereas Hermodactyls are no way perilous and yet expurge orderly flegm from the junctures There is also indigenous Ephemerum which some call wild Loâ—ks or meadow Cracus whose leaves are but three or four long broad smooth The difference between Hermodactyls and Ephemerum and fat ones whose flowers are in colour and form like them of Crocus issuing out at the same time to wit in Autumn Iâ— root is like an Onion it grows in meadows and moyst places 〈◊〉 is by some erroneously usurped for Hermodactyle for this being exsiccated is flaccid feeble and not at all purgative nor yet pernicious as the Colchian Ephemerum which is strangulative whereas Hermodactyle is exotical and not flaccid as this but hard compact and easily pulverable which educes humours from the remote parts and junctures of the assumer Now one sort of Ephemerum is lethal and strangulative to
or a little more or less according to the strength and age of the Assumer cleansed brayed and drunk will deject bile and water by stool CHAP. XXII Of Sea-Colewort or Soldanella SOldanella comprehends two different Plants under it Sea Bind weed the one is very like the vulgar in form but its leaves are perdifolious it germinates every year and produces new leaves it is called Brassica multiflora Monospermos The other is very dissimilar and thought to be of the family of Wood-binds from its effigies its seed is mucagineous black hard and angulous its faculty is hydragogous and it much conduces to the hydroptical assument And though it be an enemy to the stomack yet duely administred and mixed with other Medicaments it roborates the intrals educes watry humours without violence and is a good ingredient for that eximious Hydragogal Medicament we have heretofore described Our Land is nobilitated with many more purgative Simples as the Aller tree Rhamnus which we call Buck-thorn which I will not here congest because they are either seldome used or that they do not ingrede our compositions SECTION III. Of Exotical Calefactives The Preface THE all-seeing providence of God hath thought good to bless the remotest part of the East India with better Medicaments than Physicians Plants of such rare worth and admirable virtue that Medicks of a more polish life and conversation of greater learning and experience than those rude Barbarians have to their perpetual renown demonstrated their virtues and operations and by long use and observation have found them fortunately successfull in many desperate distempers What shall we say do we not daily receive multifarious and innumerable Plants from divers parts of the East and West Sweet-swelling-Aromaticks heart-reviving-Cardiacks and body-warming-Calefactives to which our Microcosm is perpetually obliged of which we are about now to treat And we intend to fix our discourse first upon those that are calefactive in the highest degree afterwards handle such as are less and lastly speak to those that have a middle quality or moderation between both CHAP. I. Of Ginger GINGER is a Plant so called Ginger which we borrow of the Barbarians like our water Flower-de-luce but its leaves are blacker its root extends it self with internodian genicles which emits arundinaceous leaves From whence the best Ginger comes twice or thrice repeated each year It grows in many parts of India whether sown or planted That we count best that comes from Malavar where it is most frequent and diligently cultivated else it is not good When it is effoded they leave an internodium thereof in the hole for the perennity of the Plant for the piece occluded will germinate the next year producing new roots and leaves This root while tender cut into small pieces will eat pleasantly with vinegar oil and salt but it comes not to us till it be dry or condited for it is too efferous for our soyl We shall hereafter declare what difference there is among Ginger Zerumbet and Zedoaria Ginger calefies in the third degree it helps concoction and roborates the weak ventricle but its use is now more rare than it hath been formerly for it is scarce admixed to any Condiments onely used in the castigation of some Medicaments CHAP. II. Of Zerumbet ZErumbet or Zumbert Zedoaria and Ginger are peregrine Plants of near cognation but not all known to all men For the Arabian Serapio c. 172. l. de simpl from the assertion of Isaac saith that Zerumbet and Zedoaria are one Afterwards he asserts that Zerumbet are round roots like Aristolochy of the colour and sapour of Ginger And in another place c. 271. ejusd libri he writes that it is a great tree in the Mountains of the East-Indies Avicenna l. 2. tract 2. c. 247. saith that Zerumbet is a wood like Cypress Some think it is Arnabo Arnabo quid whereof Paulus Aeginus makes mention c. 3. l. 6. but they mistake for it is the opinion of many that Arnabo is a tall tree that is suaveolent or as others think that Arnabo is the name of a Plant that is now known by some other name But Zerumbet is a graminaceous Plant either sative How it differs from Ginger that grows in the Province of Malavar or spontaneous which grows in some woody places of that Countrey and is there called wild Ginger Garcias Because its form and root hath much affinity with Ginger But all in Zerumbet are larger for its leaves are longer and broader its roots more crass which after their effossion are cut and dryed and so conveyed to Arabia afterwards into Europe Round Zedoaria may justly be substituted in stead of Zerumbet for it is probable that both Plants are of the same name nature and genus and differ no more than long and round Cyperus Zerumbet is much commended against Poysons Vires it exhilarates the heart roborates and conserves the intrals CHAP. III. Of Zedoaria or Set-wall BY the names Zador Set wall Zeduar Geiduar and Zadura we are to understand the vulgar Zedoaria which Mesue saith is a round root resembling Ginger but more odorate and withall bitter and not so sharp and hot as Ginger It is brought from the Countrey of Sina and the extreams of India it is related to Zerumbet but more vulgar and notorious but neither Plant have been seen whole by any almost in Europe Avicenna saith Zedoaria is like Cyperus others say it is like Costus of which hereafter but all Aromatical Simples are more similar in virtue and power than in form and effigies Zedoaria is hot and dry in the second degree Vires it discusses flatuosity cures the bitings of poysonous Animals helps the colical dolour kills maw-worms and is a good ingredient in Actidotes CHAP. IV. Of Galangal THere are two sorts of Galangal the greater and the lesser both growing in the same soyl but the lesser which is more odoriferous fruticates more plenteously in the Region of Sina Major the greater in Javar and Malabar and it is two cubits high and higher if sown in fat ground Its leaves are almost two cubits long more green above than below its caul is circumvested with the convolution of the leaves its flower is white and inodorate its seed small its root about the head crass bulbous and nodous like that of reeds in other parts it is very like Ginger and it is propagated in like manner to wit by root and not by seed though it thrives very well that is sown it seems to be very like * * * Orris Flower-de-luce in root leaves and form The lesser Galangal is about two hands high Minor with leaves like Myrtle its root nodous for the most part spontaneous Some simply confound it with sweet Cane and Acorus The Chyneans and Malabareans use it oftner in Condiments than Medicaments It is hot and dry in the third degree it roborates the ventricle cures the colical dolour discusses flatuosity and
and in the Mountain Apenninus where it is called Panacea Species because it resembles the Heraclea panax in its root caul and faculties Panacea is fourfold the Syrian the Heraclean the Chironian and the Centaurean which some call the Pharnacean but I leave these to the exact discussers of Simples who write the History of all Herbs and return to my purpose The Roots and Seeds of Ligusticum are calefactive Vires and therefore help concoction roborate the ventricle dissipate Flatuosity move Urine and flours take away the suffocation of the uterus and cure the bitings of Serpents CHAP. XI Of Seseli or Hartwort MAny Plants dissident in effigies are donated with this name as Massiliense Aethiopicum the herb Aethiopicum the shrub Creticum or Thordylium Peloponnense pratense herbaceum or that which is like hemblock the Massilian Seseli which is most useful in medicine hath a ferulaceous caul of two Cubits heighth Seseli Massiliense geniculated and hard its leases like Fennel but more ample large and crasse with white flowers in Umbells long seeds like Fennel which are very acrimonious and yet grateful whereof Medicks make much use The Aethiopian fruticious Seseli hath lignous Aethiopicum jrutex rigid subrubeous and cubital surcls long leafes which are indifferent broad smooth and a whitish green yellow flowers upon umbells and long seeds like Libisticum The Aethiopian herbaceous Seseli Aethiop Herba hath ferulaceous bicubital cauls broad leafs like paludapium umbells referted with white flowers membranous broad plain paleaceous odorate and grateful seed The Peloponnesian Seseli Peloponeuse hath a geniculated and ferulaceous caul broad leafes variously dissected patulous Umbells subluteous flowers broad long plain seed and a crass root somewhat blackish without white within acrimonious and amare and grievous to the stomach The Cretian Seseli hath a lowe and more obsequious Caul leass incided and crisped in their margine small white flowers in umbells small broad plain odorate and acrimonious seeds which are seldom used in medicine All Seseli seed is hot and dry in the second degree expels urine Vires drawes flowers and the young and educes urine from the reins and bladder the seed of the Massilian is best CHAP. XII Of Gentian GEntian is not underservedly extolled nor yet indignly denominated after Gentius King of Illyrium for it is a most solemn fugatour of pestilence destroyer of putretude and antidote against Poyson its Leafes are like Plantain or rather white Hellebore veinous a foot long very amare and of a redly green colour it s Caul is cubitall or higher out of whose severall genicls issue flowers consisting of six small angust and radiant leafes vertiginously disposed to which broad tenuious seeds succeed which are included in the long Cauls whereon the flowers stood It growes in any place but delights more in montanous so they be opaque the best come from Illyrium where it arrogated the princely name of its inventor its root is of chiefest use Gentian especially in its root comprises so much of vertue that it keeps not onely men Vires but beasts also from the harm of poyson drunk in water it corroborates the stomach kills the worms arceates puttertude tames pestilentious poyson and securely cures the stinging of poysonous animalls Other plants from some similitude acquire the name of Gentian as the lesser Cruciata and Gentianella but their faculties being little or not at all like the true Gentians they seldom ingrede the composition of Antidotes CHAP. XIII Of Tormentill THis plant is called Tormentilla The denomination because it leniates the torment and pain of Odontalgy or tooth-ache and Septafoile by the Greeks Heptaphyllon because it consists of seven leafes it growes in shady wooddy and opaque places it puts forth many slender simbecil and lower branches betwixt every knot it emits seven leafes of inequal magnitude luteous flowers a crasse tuberous short root black without red within whose use is eximious in curing pestilentious diseases It s root calefies moderately dryes exceedingly to wit Vires in the third degree it astringes moderately wonderfully opposes putretude moves sudor and efficaciously sucurres in pestilentious diseases CHAP. XIV Of Poeony POEony is an herb eximious in name flower and faculties it hath many branches of feets length with fair rubeous flowers on their summities ample like Roses whence some call them Saint Maries Roses There are three sorts of Poeony The first is the Masculine Species which hath leafs like Walnut-trees but lesser in circuit and more crasse The second bears leafs divided like Lovage lesser then the former of a dark green colour with shorter surcl's and all things lesse which is the foeminine The third seems to be neuter or promiscuous bearing an Idea of both which is neither absolutely red nor white but pale Some grow now in Gardens altogether white and very fair the most elegant whereof is multiflorous whose flower is not simple like the rest but manifold All have tuberous and multifidous roots but some of them are more glandulous then the rest they have long cauls divided leafs patulous flowers in the summity of their cauls there are husks like Almond husks which dehisceing shew their small red splendent grains like Orenge grains and in the middle some black lucid medullous ones of a medicated sapour acrimonious subastringent with some amaritude I describe these briefly lest my Work should swell into a greater Volume Many things are supersititiously spoken of Poeony which I willingly omit not judging them worthy recital Its roots are commended to the roboration of the Nerves and Brain Vires to exarceate the Epilepsie and cure it as also to roborate the whole Head CHAP. XV. Of Rubia or Madder THis Plant from its rubetude is by the Latines called Rubia by the Greeks Erythrodanum it puts forth quadrangular sharp and geniculated boughes from the very ground with angust long sharp leafes orbicularly digested about the genicls its flowers in the summities of its branches are small and luteous to which a small round seed succeeds which at first is green after red at last black Its roots are very long numerous flexibly dispersed along the ground red within and without wherewith wooll and skins are infected or dyed the Shopmen calls it Dyers Ruby the vulgar Garensa it growes spontaneously in shady and opaque places so that all regions abound therewith its root is amare to the gust accommodated to infect and dye woollen and therefore most used by Dyers Ruby root moves urine and flours Vires cures the jaundice its seed drunk in vinegar absumes the Spleen its root applyed drawes flours seconds and the birth and illited with vinegar it cures the tetter or ringworm CHAP. XVI Of Oinon or Rest-Harrow THis plant is called Onon Resta Bovis Or Oinon from its flower which in colour represents wine the Barbarians call it the Oxens arrest Remora Aratri Acutella or rest the
Romans the Ploughes remora because its long and fibrous roots remorate the Oxen in ploughing it is also called Acutella because with hard and acure pricks it punges its attingents it is a most notorious plant growing in the middle or margins of fields especially in fat and glutinous soyles and most vivacious of plants For happening upon an accommodate foyl it propagates much emitting every year new surcles which spread themselves over the vicine land so it be cultivated and fat its furcles are short rigid and spinous coronated with leafes like Rue leafes disposed Garland-wise its heads are circinnared its leafs hirsure and suadveolent its flower like Pease blooms but lesser unicolorate and purpureous It s root calefies and extenuates moving Urine breaking and expelling the stone removing obstructions expelling flours and blood and curing the Jaundice CHAP. XVII Of Eryngium or Sea Holly ERyngium is either marine Species which germinating plenteously in maritimous places puts forth broad and angulous leafs circumsepted with hard pricks or campestrian and vulgar whereof there are many varieties some being called the Spanish Pannonian and Alpine Eryngium besides many spurious names The leafs of the vulgar is sected into many acuminated spinous particles its caul is cubital and ramous in whose summity certain globular heads circumcincted with pricks radiate like Stars out of the middles of which heads so horrid with spines issue caeruleous and sometimes flave flowers its root is crasse and long black extrinsecally white intrinsecally succulent sweet and odorate From the indefinite number of its heads many call it centum-caput the rusticks hare thistle and flying thistle for the whole plant withering is evelled by the force of the winds which rolling up and down the fields eminously represents a running hare they mistake that think this is Secacul for Serapio treats of these two in several Chapters and gives them distinct descriptions The Arabians call Eryngium Astaraticon not Scacul or Scekakul yet their faculties being alike as the learned Writers do assert vulgar Eryngium may well be substituted for ignote secacul Eryngiums root is calefactive it deduces the passages Vires moves Urine and flours expels sand out of the reins and bladder and excites venery CHAP. XVIII Of Common grasse SEeing grasse comprehends all plants which bear leafes Species graminis quot or a segetive Idea it is no wonder if perite Herbalists enumerate fourty six differences thereof Yet of all these the dogge-grasse is onely medicative the rest rather affording aliments for beasts then medicaments for man And as dogge-grasse is unknown to none so is it infensive to all Agricolists who with their hands and rakes purge their corn of it which being very feracious would otherwise surrept all aliment from their wheat or vicine plants for it creeps along with numerous genicusated and vivacious radicls which attract to themselves all the fatnesse of the earth Its leafes are hard as broad as them of a small reed tenuious and acuminated whence women call it needle-grasse and dogs-tooth This grasse liberates the reins and other intrals from obstructions Vires and kills the intestines worms the root is more excellent then any other part of the plant CHAP. XIX Of Liqucrice THe whole plant is denominated from the sweetnesse of the root for Glycyrrhiza which Pharmacopolists call Liquorice denotes a sweet root some call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because retained in the mouth it quenches thirst It s root is long numerous spread along the ground which emits a caul of three Cubits high with leaves like Lentisks dense fatt gluminous and gummeous to the touch with purpureous and somtimes white flowers In the Moneth of July or sooner it beares Cods about the bignesse of Vetches or Cicers Theophrastus C. 3. L. 9. calls it Scythica because the Scythians useing a little Liquorice would tolerate thirst eleaven or twelve dayes Children delight herein for which end they demerge small peices of Liquorice in water in a glasse bottle which when it is flave with Liquorice-juice they drink off and put more water thereunto Spanish-Juice which they agitate for more potions The Cappadocians and Spaniards bring us every yeare Liquorice-Juice condensed into Pastills They say it is temperate as to all qualities but accedes nearer to calour Vires it leniates the asperities of the Artery and Ulcers of the Bladder it helpes the Cough moves expectoration and is very good against all diseases in the Lungs and Breast CHAP. XX. Of Cyclamen or Sowe-Bread VArious and many are the nomenclatures of this Sowe-bread for the Barbarians call it Arthanita the Shopmen Hogs-Bread some the Earth-Corke others the Earth-Aple and some Cissophyllon It growes in shady places under Trees in bryars and thick Woods it flourishes in Autumne it bears Leafes like Ivy which are angular crisped about of a greenly purpureous colour maculated with white spots on both sides There is another sort of Cyclamen which hath broad Leaves but scarcely any whit angular but rather round and obscurely maculated And a third sort also which hath lesser roots more purpureous flowers and more suaveolent which some think is that which Pliny calls Chamaecisson Cyclamen is indued with many eximious qualities for it incides potently opens moves floures expells conception though dead cures the Jaundice expells stones it is efficacious against impostumes emends all spots is averse to Poisons either by potion or application drawes menstruous blood and young ones They say if a woman with Child go over the root of Cyclamen she will become abortive Vires but light conjectures oft beguile the credulous The later writers mention two more different from the former in form and magnitude of leaves as also in colour and inversion of their flowers and besides some flourish in the Spring others in Autumn others in the midle time CHAP. XXI Of Scilla or Sea Onyon THat Scilla 〈◊〉 caepacious and delights in hot sandy and maritimous places and growes spontaneously is unknown to few for it is of late called the Sea Onjon And he that hath anatomized an Onyon and a Scilla hath found no difference in their i◠ernals nor yet in their cores yet in leafe flowers and seed they are much dissident When the leaves of Scilla are marcid its Caule assurges to the height of a Cubit with white flowers issuing out of its midle like strawberry-flowers which from thence pullulate to its very summity short triangular and compressed huskes follow these gravidated with black and full seed The stalk is very long and florid because of the threefold emersion of flowers the first wherof which are like them of Bulbus expand themselves for a long season then the second Garland of flowers performes its course and then the last And it is most remarkeable that the Caule and the Leaves never flourish at once for not till the Caule withers will the leaves erupt nor till the leaves become marcid will the Caule assurge contrary to the nature of
we shall hereafter declare Now Anethum is of a bicubital procerity with rotund and geniculated surcles leafs dissected small like capillaries luteous flowers on its muscary plain small foliated and pallid seed and a hard fibrous root it is sowen in Gardens and annually revives from the deciduous seed its odour is grave and yet jucund and sweet It calefies and siccates in the second degree Vires being introsumed it moves urine allayes gripings and flatuosity abates singulture evokes milk and augments it it incides attenuates and cocts humours CHAP. LXXIIII Of Macedonian Petroseline PEtroseline is either vulgar frequent in our Gardens which Physitians call Garden Smallage and the vulgarity Parsley which as a gratefull Pot-herb is inservient to culinary uses Or Macedonian which is diversely depinged by herbalists For Lobelius contends that in caul leafes umbells and seed it is very like the vulgar or Garden Parsley onely it growes in Praerupt and saxous places whence it is called Petrapium and Petroseline so that ours and the Garden is one the wild and the Macedonian Parsley the same also yet Fuchsius saith it hath leafes like Pimpinella and seeds like Ammi Odorate Acrmionious and Aromaolent And this same description he received not onely by tradition from Dioscorides but saw and experienced for when he had committed the seed of Macedonian Petroseline to the Earth he found the Plant thence produced to beare leafes respondent to Pimpinella and seed conditionated as Dioscorides had described It growes copiously in Macedonia especially in rough and saxous places It calefies and siccates notably moves urine educes flowers Vires eases the colicall dolour mitigates gripings cures the dolours of the sides Reins and Liver discusses flatuosity attenuates incides and successefully ingredes the confecture of Antidotes CHAP. LXXV Of Coriander THough Coriander be a tetrous and graveolent herb yet is it sowen and cultivated in Gardens for its grains by frication depose their ingratefull odour and become suaveolent its surcle is very slender round cubitall and ramous its leafes are at first like them of Adiantum laciniated and variously incided for the part next the caul is lesse sected the remoter more its flowers are white on large umbells its seed made round firme somwhat striated and inane which at first is green then luteously white its root short hard and fibrous the odour of its leafes is putrid and tetrous It seed is commonly prepared with Vinegar for the castigation of some inique quality but desiccation effects as much so that it may thenceforth be desumed without further preparation Coriander is refrigerative according to Dioscorides and cures biles pimples and inflammations if taken in bread or pancakes Vires But Galen dissents from this tenent proveing it to be calid and not to help biles or the like but onely small watry powks for it calefies moderately resiccates manifestly and is somwhat astrictive CHAP. LXXVI Of Capers THe Caper shrub growes spontaneously in many places makeing much prouent in dry and desart fields without the help of the Ploughman it is a senticous shrub low and hamated with many a dark Prickles whose aculeated branches are orbicularly spread on the ground its leafes are circinated like them of Quince-Trees out of whose wings erupt long pedicles capitulated with round umbells which dehisteing expand white flwers whereunto long fruits full of Acinous seeds succeed These rudments of flowers or small heads while they are yet nodose and not explicate are by Pharmacopolists evelled condited and brine and kept for Capers the lesser are better then the larger this conditure makes them more suaue and whol-some both for medicinall uses and esure the root of this shrub is also praescinded its bark separated siccated and text Capers afford but small Aliment to their assumers because of the tenuity of their parts and are therefore rather subserivent to mediniall uses yet they mutuate a certain savour pergratefull to the stomack from this brine that invites the ranseative to banquets and revotes the languishing appetite Caper both fruit and root is calefactive extersive and purgative Vires it incides and digests roborates helpes and minuates the spleen removes obstructions and cures all diseases ariseing from the insariture imbecillity of the spleen CHAP. LXVXII Of upright holy suckles or Woodbind THis Plant the Romans call volucrum majus somtimes Caprifolium scribonius largus calls it Matrisglua and some the Lilly among Thornes it is a Surculons Lignous and Scansory shrub circumuoluring it self about the Vicine-Trees and with its obsequious surcles ascending their summities T is leafes which are posited at distance and two together at each Genicle are long smooth sofi of a whitish green colour more white one the lower side its flowers white and somtimes flave long fistulous gapeing in their extremities many congested together Garland wise and suaveolent out of whose middle come some lusts its fruit somwhat red round racemously cohaerem wherein a hard seed is contained its root is crasse and lignous and of no use in Pharmany It growes in Woods and Hedges so straightly amplexing trees sometimes that it leaves thereon the impression of its circumvolutions Some of these Woodbinds in amplexing the vicine trees take their rounds from the Orient to the Occident others from the occident to the orient and that at all times and in all places It calefies and siccates evidently diminishes the Spleen conduces to the orthopnoical moves urine adimates singultion accelerates delivery in birth deleates the pimples of the face Vires and by long use causes sterility both in man and woman Xylosteron is very like this honey-suckle or woodbind but that it needs no fulciments for its supporture as this requires CHAP. LXXVIII Of Broom THe very Maids know Broom which they collect and colligate for Beesoms ours growes in incultivated and dry places and is wild the Spanish Broom which is our Garden Broom is like the wild but its branches leafs and flowers are larger The flowrs of the Spanish Broom are more graveolent then its branches the branches of the wild Broom more tetrous then its flowers There is a low kind of Broom which we call Genistella whose caulicles are each way extended into membranous wings instead of leafs which is neglected as uselesse in medicine Broom flourishes at the beginning of the spring whose flowers not then perfectly explicated are collected and condited with Vinegar and Salt and kept for Winter-Acetaries like Capers It calefies and siccates to the second degree its flowers are chiefly commended to the expediating of the infarctures of the Spleen and Liver one dragme or a dragme and a half of its feed brayed and drunk in three ounces of sweet water Vires moves and subduces the belly opens the bladder and cures Strangury CHAP. LXXIX Of Savine THere are two sorts of Savine the one bacciferous the other devoid of all fruit both lowe like Juniper and alwayes green Species that which is not gravidated with Berries
stomacate and sceletyrbe which maladyes much molest the Germanes and Septentrionall incolists the like whereof hapned upon Caesars Souldiers wâ—en they came beyond Rhene who there finding a River drunk of â—he water which within two dayes caused their â—eeth to fall out and resolved the joynts of their knees but the herb Britannica well help such as are thus infested Bistort doth from its nodose intorted rubescent root emit long broad acuminated and venous leafes green above and somewhat white beneath round cubitall or shorter caules circumvested with little leafes from the middle upwards and adorned with purpueous flowers its seed is small and triangular like that of Sorrell It s root is most used in Pharmacy Vires which is inodorate refrigerative and astrictive it roborates the internalls exarceates puitetude resists poyson and cures pestilent diseases CHAP. XX. Of the Strawberry-Bush FRagaria is perpetually green never devoid of leafes it depends upon no Caule onely its radicles emit slender and lanuginous pedicles some whereof bear onely leafes others flowers and fine leafes others like fibres creep along the ground and germinate for where ever they touch ground there they radicate and ministrate a new Plant there are three oblong broad serrated leafes like them of Cinquefoile on each pedicle an herbaceous lump erupts after the occasion of the flowers which augments by little and little and becomes white when it attaines maturity it is red like a Mulberry it is candid soft medullous vinose humid gratefull and sweet to the gust referted with minute grains which we call Strawberries It s root is fibrous capillated and blackish neither it nor the leafes of this Plant are much celebrated for Medicinall uses though it accede the confection of the Martian unguent for the commendable quality of this whole Plant is in its fruit as of Rose-trees in their flowers Mulabathrum in its leafe and Ginger in its root it growes spontaneously in Woods and umbrous places but flourishes more in Gardens and beares greater and sweeter berryes Strawberryes refrigerate Vires quench thirst and nourish the body for a while their water destilled deleates the spots of the face expurges it and makes it fairer CHAP. XXI Of Cinquefoile THis herb is so denominated from the number of its leafes it emitts from one root many pedall festucaceous surcles with luteous and fugaceous flowers on their summityes like them of wild Tansey each pedicle beares five â—oblong flowers crenated about like a Saw the whole Plant is somwhat hirsute and whitish its root long blackish without and ruddy within it growes spontaneously about the margins of fields There is another sort of Cinquefoile with great crenated leafes green above and white and lanuginous below there is a third also which is reptile whose branches are slender and imbecill leafes smooth and green flowers luteous and roots fibrous and exile another sort growes in stagnant places in leafes and magnitude very like the first with double darkly red flowers which grow upon an head referted with many seeds Cinquefoile whose root is most in use allayes the inflammation of the jawes and asper artery Vires it stayes the belly flux and dysentery in drink it cures the dolours of the hips and junctures cures biles and scabs discusses cowles on the neck cohibites pimples represses watry swellings the succe of its root while young and tender is good against the affections of the Liver and Lungs CHAP. XXII Of Goosse-grasse or Cleavers GOosegrasse hath either soft surcles and leafes and is called Mellugo or sharpe ones and is called Asperugo or Spargula and Asperula for the whole Plant adhaeres to the Cloaths of such as passe by through its tenacious asperity whence the Greeks call it Philanthropon and Philadelphon Pliny Lappago Goosegrasse is a Plant growing besides hedges ditches and amongst thornes adhaereing to vicine shrubs with imbecill obsequious quadrangular surcles of many cubits length with angust leafes decussated like Starres and orbicularly cohaereing to the genicles of its surcles as in Ruby to which it is very like its flower is small and white its seed hard white round concave in forme of a navil whence some call it Omphalocarpon Goosegrasse is moderately extersive and desiccative the succe of the whole Plant drunk in Wine auxiliates against the biteings of Spiders and Vipers the Plant infused therein cures the eares aches Vires its leafes brayed and collected in Wine-Lees discusse swellings in the neck Gallion is very like Spargula or Mollugo which is often put into milke to co-agulate it CHAP. XXIII Of Scabiose SInce this Plant is neither that which Dioscorides calls Scrobe nor that which Aëtius calls Psora we cannot learn from the ancients what it is however it is a Plant which is now for its frequency and excellent effects very well known it beares long broad hirsute and laciniated leafes incided like Rocket its root is simple and long it s Caule halfe a foot high in whose summity growes a flower made up of many leafes whereof the circumambient are larger the middle lesser all of them with their pedicles are whitish There is another Scabiose called the lesser Scabiose scarce a hand high which in flower leafes and colour responds to the former a third also of a middle magnitude called Ovilla whose leafes are more broad long hirsute and crenated about and a fourth not very unlike the first whose Caules are cubitall and folious with caeruleously white flowers on their summityes Scabiose it is believed will cure the Scab it purges the Lungs cures the Cough and other pectorall affections as also pestilent diseases some think it is cold others temperate and exuberant in no quality CHAP. XXIIII Of the Cotton-Tree or Plant. GOssipium or Xylon vulgarly called Bombay is a cubitall ramous and brachiated Plant with leafes like the Vine-Tree but lesser luteous flowers which leave little Nutts behind them or rather small Apples of the magnitude of round Aristolochy which drawing to maturity spontaneously dehisce and give free passage to a certain soft white dawen conceived and kept within them together with copious seed like that of Cubebs turgid with white pitch within and black without this dawen is of much use to men the seed is onely Medicinall Gossipium which the Barbarians and Arabians call Gotum growes in Sicily and many moist places in Italy and Germany exposed to the Sun The Cotton-seed helpes the tussient Vires anhelant and rabid cureing many vices of the Lungs Liver and Reins its oyle extracted by expression deleates the pimples and pustuls of ones face CHAP. XXV Of Hispidula or Aeluropus commonly called Catts-foot MAny Plants mutuate their denominations from some parts of animalls which they resemble thus we have Hares-foot Crow-foot Lyons-foot Calfes-foot or Aron Colts-foot and Cats-foot which from its tomentitious dawen is somtimes called Pilosella somtimes Gnaphalium and often Hispidula It is a very small Plant with slender branches growing in Hills and dry places
burn and not be extinguished till all its oleous and fat substance be absumed All Sulphur is not alike in colour for some is green some more luteous some cineritious and some pallid or lucid Whence we may gather That it is of more sorts then two Pliny also enumerates four some whereof are harder others fatter and others more inflammal That Sulphur whereof Alchymists tell many vain and ridiculous stories is not common Sulphur yet it is mixed though they assert that it is a principle of mixture But no more of that in this place There is a certain fat liquor very efficacious Oleum Sulphuris educed out of Sulphur yet such as may not be used imperitely lest it do more harm then good There is a powder also made of Sulphur against the vices of the Lungs whose event demonstrates its excellency That Medicament which Mesue calls Diasulphur is hence denominated Sulphur califies cocts resolves cures Coughs Vires and difficulty of breathing taken in an Egge or burned and its smoke catched moves spittle mixed with butter or swines-grease it mitigates and kills the itch erupting on the whole body and mixed with Turpentine it cures Tetters rough nails and scabs CHAP. 10. Of Amber-grise AMber-grise which was unknown to the Ancients is neither the seed of Balena nor excrement of any other Whale nor yet the dung of any Birds educated in the Isle Maldina with odoriferous herbs which dung is by the sea wash'd of those Rocks as some somniate nor yet any kinde of maritimous Mushrome eradicated by the Sea as many have asserted nor yet any thing made of Ladanum Aloes wood Storax and Civer as Fuschius credited but a certain kinde of Bitumen by storms driven from the Fountains and Chanels of the Sea to the shore where exposed to the air it speedily condenses as many things do which while they are in the water are soft and tender but eructed become dry and hard as Amber Perhaps as it is storied a great quantity of Amber-grise hath been found in a Whales belly but whilest she was alive she had got it and ingested it in the Sea for it is absurd to think that Amber should be the Whales excrement when the best Amber devoured by a Whale loses its bonity and suavity Which Simeon Sethi smelled well enough who asserting that Amber is a kinde of Bitumen flowing out of some Fountains saith That that which is devoured by fishes is the worst that can be Garcias ab Horto seems to assert That it is a kinde of odorate earth seeing there was not onely a fragment of three thousand pounds weight of Amber found in the earth but whole Islands of pure Amber and he proves the probability hereof from the infinite varieties of earth in colour and qualities and seeing in this general acception Bitumen may be called a kinde of Earth I do nor impugn the verisimilitude of his assertion especially finding it called Precious Earth Thus have I briefly related the whole history of Amber for I will neither undertake neither will my short annotations bear the discussion of such opinions as have been published about Amber That Amber which is most odorate devoid of filth perforated with a needle emits much fat succe that which is cineritious and not black is good that which is black or very candid is not good It calefies Vires resolves recreates the heart brain and principal parts refreshes the spirits cureth swoundings erects the strength exhilarates the mind and cures palpitation CHAP. 11. Of yellow Amber or Electrum ORange-coloured Amber is variously denominated the Greeks call it Electrum the Persians and Mauritanians Charabe that is catch-straw the Germans Glesum that is Glasse because it is splendent the Romans Succinum because it is the product of succe or Sea-bitumen concreted but not the succe of Pine or black Poplar as many have asserted for it is found in the deeps and upon Sea-shores concreted of the fat juyce of the Sea and Earth This matter whilest lent viscid and fat before it be obdurated and dryed catches and detains many Flies Gnats Ants and such like Insects which dye dry and odorate together with the Amber This Amber is either white or flave the white which is more odorate and lighter is good so also is the flave if pellucid and such as may be made by attrition to smell like Rosemary and attract chaff or straw It s Powder given in convenient liquor cohibits the flux of blood roborates the bowels and is good against the white fluor of the womb one dragm thereof taken in a soft Egge will stay the flux of Sperm and will help such as are tabid infested with hardness of intestines difficulty of breathing and long Coughs CHAP. 12. Of Coral COral is from its effigies hardness and native soyl frequently and not improperly called Lithodendron as if it were a Stone-tree and sometimes a Sea-shrub for Macer saith it seems to be the bough of some arbuscle for it grows in the Tyrrhenian and Sicilian Seas assurging and emitting branches like a little Tree Hence some repose it amongst shrubs others amongst stones and others amongst Bitumens but it is really none of all these but something of each It is threefold one sort is red another white and another black the first as it is of a more jucund aspect so more medicinal and more apt for Bracelets and other Ornaments The white as it is more spongious so more light and refrigerative the black is most rarely seen lesse medicinal and expetible red is the best which is alwayes understood when Coral is prescribed absolutely There is another sort of Coral of a mixed colour which is not so good the red that is best should be of a florid colour odorate like Alga ramous like a shrub very frangible not rough nor hollow or chanelled All Coral refrigerates dryes and bindes Vires it cohibits the immoderate flux of fluors and blood it cures the Dysentery represses the flux of mans sperm and the white fluors of a womans Uterus It helps such as are anhelant infested with the Epilepsie Spleenatick and heart-dolours for it roborates the brain diminishes the spleen and exhilarates the heart Alchymists extract a red oyl out of Coral which is very useful in staying blood and roborating the members of which elswhere CHAP. 13. Of Auripigmentum AUripigment Arrhenick or Arsenick Sandaracha and Risagalum differ not save in name onely All are effoded out of the same pit all are septical and acrimonious with extreme calour dissolving destroying and preying upon the principles of life Some of the later Writers call three things Arsenick for they denominate Auripigment Yellow Arsenick Sandarax Red Arsenick and Risagalum VVhite Arsenick Auripigment and Sandarax are of the same Metals and seem onely to differ in more or less coction and therefore they are both often mixed in the same glebe There are two sorts of Auripigment one of a golden colour 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which
Galen calls Crustosum which may be clefted into scales mixed with no matter The other pale effigiated like an acorn which is affine to Sandaracha Sandaracha hath not onely affinity with Arsenick from its native soyl but nature also for it is onely Arsenick well cocted for that by ustion will become Sandaracha as Ceruse will Sandyx which they call Painters-red Pliny makes mention of another sort of Sandaracha which he refers to ceraginous honey They erre shamefully that deceived through the affinity of the words take the Arabians Sandarax which is Junipers Gumme for Sandaracha which is a Mineral for Sandarax and Sandaracha differ much in nature faculties and original for the one is pale light and grateful to nature the other red heavy and deletery Few things are spoken and that but by few concerning Risagalum insomuch that we can scarce from their dignments know what it is Bern Dessennius calls it factitious white and crystalline Arsenick But perhaps the ancients did more wisely in its disquisition not to detect such mortal lethal poyson Sylvius saith it is found in the same pits with Arsenick which some call Auripigment All Arsenick is erosive Vires malign an enemy to all internal parts and to the radical moisture and innate heat and therefore it is ill advice of Nic. Alexand. to describe it for an ingredient in the great Athanasia for by permixion with other Medicaments it doth not depose its ferity It is indeed sometimes mixed with extraneous Medicaments but in very small quantity and onely then when some superfluous flesh is to be eroded For the spirit of Arsenick which consists in salt as the Alchymists speak is very bad and cannot either by its fixation or extraction be so deleated as to be securely introsumed into the body CHAP. 14. Of Cinnabaris or Vermillion DIoscorides his Cinnabaris which is the succe of a certain tree growing in Africa which is usurped for Dragons-blood differs much from the Cinnabaris so called by later writers which is a Mineral whereof there are two sorts the one native the other artificial The native is also twofold the one whereof is effoded out of certain silver Mynes as those in Hydria which seems to be a purpureous glebe referted with Quicksilver out of which it frequently issues spontaneously the other is found in the Veins of silver Mynes and is the Minium secundum of which hereafter There is also an artificial Cinnabaris made of Sulphur and Quicksilver coacted by the fire which Brasavolus calls Cynaprium to distinguish it from the native Cinnabaris which with Dioscorides he holds to be the lacryma of an Aphrican-tree But indeed Cinnabaris Cynaprium and Vermillion or Red-Lead are all one especially with the later writers who adducing them all to the test of reason found them not to differ and those that pertinaciously contend for their difference exhibiting an accurate description of each do at last conclude them one for the variety of names do often so obscure the thing that he may be excused who thinks Cinnabaris Cynaprium Milton and Vermillion to discrepate Cinnabaris then is of four sorts the first is Dioscorides his Cinnabaris which is the succe of an Aphrican-tree called Dragon the second is a Mineral shining with much rubour and not very ponderous which is found in silver Mynes the third is factitious of fulphur and quicksilver ponderous and intermixed with red and argenteous lines the fourth is found in silver Mynes and kept in shops in form of a powder very nitently red which some call Cinnabaris some Milton some Minium the shop-men Vermillion and some Sandix Now Sandix is burnt Ceruss which for its eximious redness Serapio calls Vermillion from which opinion the later writers dissent not But that purpureous powder which Apothecaries keep for Vermilsion is by Fliny called the second Minium which is found in silver Mynes acquiring that fair rubetude by artificial and reiterated washing so that according to Pliny one Minium is differenced from another onely by washing and art yet the first Minium or Mineral Cinnabaris which emits much quicksilver by the fire needs no such washing the second or vulgar which is called Red-lead is red in the fire but eructates little or no quicksilver and is seldom used in Medicine Cinnabaris being referted with much Mercury participates of the same saculties which being notorious to the very Barbers and pore-blinde is often by Circulators usurped to the cure of the French disease who make such foolish attempts thereof as they bring many into the Palsey more to death CHAP. 15. Of Quicksilver MErcury or Quicksilver is the prime idol of the Alchymists which they pronounce the principle of things and sperm of Metals and indeed so true each that nothing is more false for if Metals have any sperm it is within themselves not elsewhere to be sought nor will ever mixed bodies naturally resolve themselves into Salt Sulphur and Mercury though these Chymical Vulcans do Hammer them out as Dom. Riolanus hath learnedly proved against them This Mercury or quicksilver is as it were the Monster of Nature which will not be subdued under Natures Laws it is whiter then any silver more fluxile then water more permeable then Vinegar yet it never madefies often refrigerates often califies sometimes curing onely frigid affections sometimes onely calid ones when it seems frigid then it induces calid effects when calid frigid ones it sometimes hurts in small quantity alwayes in great it easily loses its proper form and easily resumes it and in this it is Miraculous that it often profits being introsumed by the mouth and often causes Palsey trembling and other prave effects when extrinsecally applied Falop. Cap. 27 76. Lib. de lue Vener Trajan saw some who being anointed with a liniment made of Quicksilver before their deaths in the junctures of whose armes he sound much Quicksilver when he dissected their dead bodies He saw another who being onely thrice anointed with Quicksilver vomited many humours wherewith much Quicksilver was confounded It is also storyed of one Antonius Gallus that he being oft besmeared with Medicaments of quicksilver and not voiding any by spittle that much was mixed with his urine wherewith gold might be so dealbated that they would take it for silver Yet Brasavolus would have it assumed at the mouth to kill Maw-wormes and Fracastorius avers that certain women assumed each of them a pound of quicksilver to kill their young which yet received no harm they being frustrated in their design and the young excluded duely and alive Yet the same Author having afterwards approved and disapproved of its use confesses ingenuously that he is ignorant of its qualities but boldly asserts that it will cure the French disease One Jacobus Carpensis was the first that prescribed quicksilver to the cure of this disease whose use was so successful that he presently became very rich thereby the Neotericks following him mix it both with internal and external remedies for its use
and splendent like specular stone whence many call it Talkum but improperly for Talkum is more slender squamous white and lucid Some call it Selenite some juglers by their deceptive art make an oyl of Talkum to wash erugate and dealbate old Wives faces withall and so daily deceive silly women that will not indure deformity with their vain promises whilest warily yet not illicitely they put their hands into the womens Purses for it is no injury or deceit to beguile those that consent and are willing It hath an astringent faculty and is good against Ruptures Vires CHAP. 14. Of Chalk CHalk Lime and Gypsum are agglutinative stones used in compacting rich mens houses for poor mens cottages are emented onely with a little clay subacted Now Lime after it hath once drank water bears it not again but Chalk is nourished by water and longer and better preserved therewith When I name Chalk I mean that which is very white pulverable friable and by infusion in water inflammeable For crude Chalk is a hard ponderous stone that will neither dissolve nor wax white in water and is more properly called Chalk-stone In what parts Chalk is found there is no Lime and where Lime is found there is no Chalk that Chalk is best which touched with water makes a noise ignifies and is cineritious for age makes it whiter but more infirm for the air is got into it and its fire is abared Diâ—scorides sayes That Chalk may be made of the shells of Cockles Mussles or Oysters so long burnt till they be perfectly white An eximious Psylother may be made of quick Chalk and Auripigment which will easily depilate rough places This also with someother things will make good Pyroticks which will burn the part they are applied to Chalk often wasâ—ed with pluvial or fountain-water may usefully be mixed to such unguents as cure cadaverous Ulcers Chalk extinguished with water and twice or thrice washed if it be again cast into water makes that water very convenient for the Ulcers in the Privities and other running cadaverous and dangerous sores in other parts for by much washing it deposes its mordacity and ceases to be sharp but yet it callfies and siccates manifestly and ceases to be sharp but yet it califies and siccates manifestly and is therefore good to exsiccate Ulcers and induce scars CHAP. 15. Of stones found in Spunges SPunges by nature accede nearer to Plants then Animals for they have accrescion and augmentation but no fensation as many have credited Dioscorides makes some of them male which are full of smaller holes the hardness whereof they call He-goats and others female which have larger holes Aristotle makes four sons of Spunges some spisse which are softest others tenuious which are hardeft others most spisse and others most valid which they call Achilleous Spunges Those that grow on stones are harder those that grow on the tranquil marine tracts are softer But we know onely three sorts of Spunges the first with rare and patent holes which is softest and most vulgar in magnitude and form resembling a mans Liver the second perviated with lesser holes which is denser lesser and harder the third like Sea-spume which is most dense valid and cineritious they commonly call them all Sea-Mushromes Pliny saith Vires That stones either grow in Spunges or coming from other places fall in and are stabled there both sorts are well known for they are found in every Spunge but those that grow in the Spunge must be selected as being more apt to break the stone yet Galen is of opinion that this stone is not so valid as to break the stone in the bladder CHAP. 6. Of Bricks MEdicks do not onely from Gemmes and Stones but from broken and inveterate Bricks worn Shoe-soles and Clay seek remedies for the sick for nothing is â—oid of all qualities and nothing but used opportunely by a perite and approved Medick will profit There are many things which are efficacious while new but by age lose their qualities and vertue as common Medicaments others which are scarce Medicinal till they be old as Bricks which at first serve onely for structures but when old are very Medicinal and expetible as will appear from the Oyl extracted out of them for the cure of many diseases as we have shewed in our Shop SECT III. Of Metals THat is properly called a Metal which is of a Fossile body hard ductile with a hammer and liqueable with fire but as soon as it is melted it doth return into its pristine form The word is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say to search because the Metallists are wont to search the Veins of the Earth for every Vein doth afford some Metal But concerning the matter of them there are divers Opinions Aristotle in his third Book of Meteors cap. ult doth constitute a double matter of all Metals which are found in the Earth viz. Halitus Vapor Of which all Fossiles are made in the bowels of the Earth Those things that are digged out of the Earth are either such that may be melted or not melted those that are incorporated with some humid matter are easily melted as Lead and Tin others are melted indeed but with more difficulty as Iron c. Matthiolus writes that to be an Elementary substance which is the efficient cause of Metal Scaliger Exercit. 20. saith That the substance of Metal is a watery Earth The Chymists appropriate it to Mercury and therefore call it the Sperm of the Earth or as some say the Sulphur which they alledge out of Albertus who saith That the first matter of Metals is a humid unctious and subtile Body which is incorporated with a subtile and terrestrial mixture Now there are as many Metals as Planets to wit Seven whose Names and Characters they appropriate to the Metals for they call Gold Sol Silver Luna Lead Saturn Tin Jupiter Iron Mars Copper Venus and Quicksilver Mercury which is not properly a Metal for it cannot be wrought nor is it malleable but after another manner that is in vertue it may be called a Metal But Scaliger Exercit. 106. reprehends this nomination of Metals and their affinity with the Planets and calls it foolish and ridiculous Neither is the Number of Metals to be comprehended in the number of Planets for not onely the Metals but many other Fossiles do strive to respond in Title and Character and that more properly to the Planets and Signs of the Zodiack as Aspalatum to Taurus Auripigmentum to Gemini Sal Ammoâ—iacum to Cancer Red Arsenick to Virgo Roman Vitriol to Libra Sulphâ—r to Scorpio Roch-Alome to Sagittary Scissile-Alome to Capricorn Sal Nitre to Aquary So that these three Arcana's as they call them are covered with many Aenigmatical Riddles not unlike so many madmen spewing out a thousand boastings which are more fit to be derided then confuted But we will hasten to our intended purpose and enter upon a definition of Sol
the Beaver also and Badger for Medicaments and vesture Musk is the name of an excrement and of the Animal whose excrement it is the Animal is exotical being in India in the Kingdom of Pegu not much unlike a she-goat with a praegrand body they call it the Musk-Buck the Musk-Roe and the Musk-Goat out of whose inferiour jaw there erupts as many teeth and as great as them of Hogs When this beast is moved with venery her umbilical region swells through the vehemency of her fury and there much crass blood being congested makes up an imposthume and then the fierce Animal refuses all meat and drinks convolving it self along the ground and rubbing the part swelled against trees and stones with pleasure till it breaks and opens its bladder out of which corrupt matter runs which is true Musk of all things the most odorate and suaveolent in bonity much superating all the varieties of Musk we see This corruption left upon stones and trunks of trees is by the heat of the Sun and influence of the heavens cocted and elaborated and it s foetid odour if it had any dissipated and so it becomes most excellent Musk which none but Kings and Noble-Men obtain But that which is ordinarily sold is far inferiour being drawn from Animals catched by hunting For when the hunters catch this beast they abscind its hide with some flesh express collect exsiccate its blood with its utricles and skin whose dryed blood mixed with a small portion of its recrements they sell for pure Musk. There is a kinde of greater Weasel which being Martial and pugnaceous they call Martes for it kills great Hens sometimes whose excrements as I have oft observed smell like Musk. There are also some plants and fruits which affect the nostrils and palate with this Musky suavity as sweet-Storks bill Musk-rose and Pears that savour of Musk. The faculties of Musk are eximious for it roborates and exhilarates a cold and fearful heart and conduces to all its affections it also recreates the brain and refreshes the spirits it is hot in the secand and dry in the third degree CHAP. 16. Of Civet THree Animals are suaveolent the Panther which many say smells gratefully onely to beasts and not to men the Muskgoat and the Civet-Cat which the Greeks call Zapetion about whose nature the Ancients do not well agree It is a wilde Animal with horrid teeth not so like a Cat as many write for it is greater exceeding in magnitude sometimes a Wolf its head neck feet and other parts are very unlike a Cat 's its mouth is long like a Badgers mouth its body long its inferior jaw white as also its beard its feet black the lateral parts of its belly white it s back obscurely cineritious and somewhat maculated its excrement is called Civet which for its fragrancy rich men desire and for its efficacy Medicks celebrate Civet then is an odorament different from Musk most sweet fat trasse and blackish desumed from an Animal thence called Civet-Cat for it is the sudour of this beast concreting about its testicles and privities which men erade with a Spoon It is an Indian Animal now cicurated and frequent in Europe daily seen and kept in many mens houses in Lutetia Now that it may suggest more abundance of this recrement it must be irritated wearied and provoked to anger for then its genitals will emit much sudour which they afterwards erade At first when deraded it is graveolent to some men but when it is concreted and exposed to the air it deposes its virulency and acquires a most grateful suavity As its odour challenges affinity with Musk so also doth its quality Vires but it most conduces to the strangulation of the Uterus if a few of its grains be imposed into the cavity of the Navel Both Patients and Physicians eschew the dung of Animals because of its foetour and ingrateful sapour and ingenuous men had rather seek handle and exhibit Medicaments then putrid excrements Yet Mouse-dung with white-wine is good to break and exclude the stone Dogs-dung cures the Quinsie Mans dung is much commended in swellings Nothing is so good a cure for the Epilepsie which comes from the consent of the inferior parts and ascent of the more tenuious matter to the head as Peacocks-dung But seeing such excrements ingrede not the composition of our Medicaments we will not trouble our selves with them CHAP. 17. Of Isinglass THere are many kindes of glewish substances in Apothecaries shops one whereof is a Minefal which is apt to conjoyn Gold and thence called Chrysocolla another which glutinates wounds and flesh and stayes the fluxes of the eyes which is a Gumme of a certain Tree in Persia this they call Sarcocolla of these before a third sort is made of Cattels hides which they call Homglew and from its use in conjoyning wood VVood-glew there is also a glew made of the belly of a certain fish called Ichthyocola whose faculty being to fill up siccate and to mollifie a little it is rightly mixed with glutinative salves and others that take away spots and erugate the face the Arabians call it Alcanna And as Taurocolla is not onely made of Bulls hides but of the ears and feet of all four-footed beasts so * * * Ichthyocolla Fish-glew is not onely made of the belly of one fish but all viscid and glutinous ones but especially of that fish which Rondeletius calls Boneless others Molua The Boneless fish is cetaceous and cartilagineous without scales fins and bones except a very few It s head is very crasse and broad its mouth large out of whose upper-jaw proceed soft long and pendulous bones its flesh is glutinous and ingrateful unless it be long condited in Salt before it be eaten This Fish-glew is not onely made of the skin but also the intestines ventricle fins and tail of this fish after this manner The said parts are cut small Mow it is made put in a new earthen pot with a sufficient quantity of hot water and so macerated a day or two then cocted on a slow fire till they acquire the consistency of Cream or a Pultess then they are taken from the fire and while warm out into small pieces lest they should be made into a great masse CHAP. 18. Of Woolls Grease ISopus is the humid pinguetude of greasie VVooll Isopus quid extracted by art and concreted whereof Phyliagrus makes a salve called Oesyanun which is commended to the dolours of the Spleen the hardness of the Stomack and Liver and Nodosities of other parts for this grease expletes and mollifies Vires especially the Ulcers of the Fundament and Matrix with honey and butter it califies without excess and allayes dolour And thus they confect this Isopus the succulent wooll of the necks The foeminals and thighs of Sheep The manner of making it they take and macerate eight hours in hot water agitating it with a rudicle or stick then they
fervefie it till it leave all its pinguetude in the water Then the wooll being compressed and removed that fat and fordid water is poured from on high that it may cause much spume which spume they agitate so long in the water till none be left This done they collect the pinguetude and wash it agitating it with their hands in pure water till it will neither astringe nor bite the tongue much and till it appear white then they repose it in an earthen vessel and all this should be done in the hot Sun Some adde sea-Sea-water to the lotion but this way is best Sheep are known to all Nations suppeditating infinite commodities to men with whose wooll they are vested with whose flesh they are nourished and with whose dung their fields become fat and foecund Young sheep are called Lambs the greater Rams or Arietes from Ara or the Altar whereon they were frequently sacrificed the gelded ones VVeathers which differ from Rams as Geldings from Horses Capons from Cocks They call the leader Bell-weather The Ram which the French call Bellerium from warring as it is probable is commendable when tall with a promisse belly a long tail a white and dense fleece broad forehead intorted and pâ—â—â—lous horns brown eyes ample ears ample breast shoulders and butocks also Arabia produces two admirable kindes of Rams the one with so long a tail that it is no shorter then three cubits another with a tall of a cubits breadth other sheep are well known CHAP. 19. Of Medicinal Bones and first of a Hart's heart-bone IF Animals excrements which are foetid be indued with a commendititious faculty to the cure of some affections as Dogs dung which some Merry Blades call Album Graecum to the Quinsie then much more their integrant parts as the Elks claws to the Epilepsie Goats claws to such as pisse their beds and the bones of many fishes birds and beasts to other diseases Mans bone is also Mans Medicine for a mans Scull unburied duly prepared and exhibited cures the Falling-sickness Experience also shews That a Harts heart-bone a Rhinocerots horn Elephants Boars and Pikes teeth conduce to many diseases A Hart much augments Medicinary Materials for thereunto it suggests its Horns Suet Fat Marrow Lachryma Yard and that Ossicle which is found in the basis of its heart A Hart is a most noble Animal superating almost all others in pulchtitude celerity dignity and utility and hence Kings onely or their Servants were wont to hunt them Their flesh also adoms large banquets and that which is inconvenient for Tables locupletates Apothecaries Shops But that Ossicle which adheres to the basis of an old Harts heart Vires is most celebrated which from its figure much resembling a cross hunters call the Harts cross which they by experience and Apothecaries by reason have found very conducible to the affections of the heart Young Harts have onely a cartilage no bone In inveterate Harts there concretes a certain lachryma in the larger angle of their eyes which admirably produces sudour and conduces to venenate diseases as we shewed before This hearts bone ingredes the confection of Diamoschum that it may make it more cordial and officacious CHAP. 20. Of Ivory THe Elephant is of four-footed beasts the greatest and most obsequious to man for it doth not onely obey him but his voice taking and doing his commands yea some would answer their Masters commanding them with hoo hoo that is in the barbarous Idiome I will I will Aelianus saw one writing Latine Letters straight and in order upon a table but his teachers hand was underneath directing the Animal to the figure and lineament and when the Elephant wrote its eyes were fixed and dejected Grammarian-like on his Master Oppianus saith That it is an old Proverb That Elephants talk with one another but cannot be understood by any man save their Tamers Elephants come so near mans ingeny that they are judged more pradent then men in some places They are obsequious desirous of glory mindeful of benefits and injuries received and desirous of retribution or revenge That of Aelianus is known how an Elephant seeing his Master take some of his due from him and put it in his pot when he was commanded by his Master to take care that his corn should be reaped and prepared stole a good part of his barley putting little stones in in its stead and so gave his Master his due measure and wonted heap and kept enough for himself thus craftily vindicating himself for his former injury He hath small eyes in reference to his great body he hath a long Snout in stead of a Nose which he uses in stead of a hand especially in assuming and ingesting meat and drink he hath a very small tongue four short and crass teeth on each jaw wherewith he breaks and mollifies his aliment and two very long and very crass ones which are liker horns these fall out at set times and grow again And the matter of these is Ivory which is accommodated to infinite uses especially Medicinal And this is that which many Apothecaries burn and erroneously conceit to be the Arabian factitious Spodium And yet it cannot be rightly substituted for Spodium neither when burnt nor crude for by ustion its vertue perishes and when it is crude it is no wayes analogal to Spodium for in proper locution there is onely one kinde of Spodium viz. the Graecian Spodium which they call Pompholix But the Arabian's falsly supposed Spodium is Tabaxir which agrees as much with burnt Ivory as Sugar with Rhabarbe of which we have more largely disserted elsewhere Crude Ivory hath many eximious faculties for Vires it roborates all bowels refrigerates and astringes moderately aligates the dolours of the stomack cohibits vomiting kills worms liberates from diuturnal obstructions and drunk makes women more apt to conceive CHAP. 21. Of the Unicorns-horn IF any Animals naturally void of horns be by chance seen cornuted we think them monstrous as the rustick Caenomanus on whose front grew a crass horn of two palmes length incurvated towards the hinder part of his head which we saw for a miracle in Paris in the year 1600. I never heard of the like save of one man that Philippus Ingrassias makes mention of who had a horn on his back Yet there are many cornigerous Animals especially of the Male-kinde bicornuted as the Ox and Goat others tricornuted as some Indian Oxen and some quadricornuted as I have seen some Rams Some also bear but one horn as the Indian Asse some Kine in Zeila of Aethiopia the amphibious Animal Camphur frequent in the Isles of Molucca also some Aethiopian Birds and some Fishes as the Uletif frequent in the Indian Sea But that Animal celebrated not onely in humane but divine Scriptures which the Hebrews call Rem and Reem Avicenna Achercheden the Arabian Barkaran the Greeks Monoceros the Latins Unicornis the Indians Cartazontes the French Licornia and we Unicorne excels all these
Females he goes also more stoutly The Female Vipers are of a yellowish colour with an elated neck reddish eyes and lucent of an inverecund and fierce aspect their heads are broad their tails short macilent squamous and all a like gracile not gradually so their passages neerer their tails their bellies more prominent and their pace flower The Latines call it Vipera because Vi parit that is it is forced to bring forth or else because Vivum parit that is it brings forth living young contrary to the mode of other Serpents which first lay eggs and the Viper indeed procreates eggs like them of fishes but every egge hath a young living Viper involved onely in a membrane Yet it sometimes happens that the last seeking egress before the first and impatient of longer delay erodes his Parents belly and sides and so it is produced a Matricide but that as seldom happens as when the Male thrusts his head into the Females mouth in copulation the Female satiated with the sweetness of the pleasure obtruncabes the Male which I think is never When other Serpents in winter run into caverns Vipers onely absoond themselves under stones and depose their old age like other Reptiles Vipers are preferred before all other Serpents in the confection of this Theriack because when compounded of others its vertue is more tabifical Gal Cap. 10. Lib. de Theriaca The Heads and tails which contain the most virulent poyson must be abscinded for the Viper hath the most pernicious head of all venenate beasts Dioscorides holds it ridiculous that any set certain measure of the Head and tail should be prescinded The internals Spina Dorsi and the belly must likewise be abjected There are both in Italy and France very idoneous Vipers for this solemn confection as in the Pictavian fields whence many are brought to Paris of whose flesh we make Pastils and use their fat in Vigo his emplaster whose extraction and preparation is easie The fat must first be taken with its skins and washed in clear cold water till it be sincere then may the membranes be separated then must the fat be melted in a double vessel and continually agitated with a wooden stick when it is melted it must be percolated into cold water which may be abjected and the fat kept and reposed in a convenient vessel some wash it again that it may depose all its poyson I can scarce assent to their opinion who believe that such live long as eat Vipers flesh for it procreates very ill succe and digests and siccates vehemently so that they who eat it are grievously cruciated with thirst and thence cognominated Dipsades Galen saith that some are of opinion that such as are bitten by Vipers cannot be cured by drinking but will burst ere they can quench their thirst Galen proves by many Histories that Vipers conduce to the Leprous There was saith he a Leper in Asia who was foetid to look on and graveolent who at first was conversant and did eat with his companions till some of his company began to be inquinated and he of such a horrid and detestable a form as none could indure to look on him then they bound him in a Cottage neer the river and gave him daily aliment The next Summer about the rising of the Dog-star when a servant brought fragrant wine to the reapers and set the pot by the river-side when they came to drink the Boy poured out the wine into a cup and with the wine a dead Viper the reapers being therewithal afrighted quenched their thirst with water and sent the wine to the Leper pitying his condition and judging it better for him to die therewith then to live in that misery but he drinking thereof was unexpectedly cured his skin falling off like a shell from a locust And another event not much unlike this happened in Mysia not far from our City There was a rich man but Leprous who was in love with his maid that was beautiful but she hating so descormed a man clandestinely kept other lovers company the diseased in hopes of recovery betook himself to some Fountains of hot water wherewith the vicine parts abounded which were squalid and full of Vipers one whereof crept into his wine pot the wench perceiving that a Viper was there suffocated was glad she had such an opportunity put into her hands she then gives a cup of it to her Master who drinking of it was perfectly cured as the precedent Galen recenseates more stories whereby he proves that Vipers cure the Leprosie We have shewed in our Antidotary how it must be prepared before it ingrede the confection of the Theriack CHAP. 31. Of Scinks THe flesh of the Reins of this Beast is a special Antidote against poyson very efficacious to excite lust in men for it causes stiffness of the Yard whence it justly ingredes the confection of Diasatyrium It is a small four-footed Animal tected with small frequent and subluteous scales with a long head little thicker then its neck a high belly a round tayl like a Lizard but shorter and crooked towards the end with a grey line from its head to the end of its tayl Dioscorides saith It is the product either of Aegypt or India or of the Red-sea though it is seen in Lydia of Mauritania Some do erroneously take it for the Salamander Pliny calls it the Land-Crocodile for it very much resembles the Crocodile of Nilus But there is no proportion in their dimensions for this is alwayes small scarce exceeding a cubit in length whereas the Crocodile of Nilus attains two and twenty cubits and yet no term of his concretion though his original is from an Egge no bigger then a Gooses Egge He lives both upon the land and water his eyes are like Swines eyes his sight in the water is dull but out very quick This Animal alone except the Parrer moves his upper jaw he hath a small rongue adhering to his under-jaw his legs come out of his side his feet are small in reference to his body his claws strong his skin squamous crustaceous and impenetrable save under his belly which is soft This Animal lives sixty years layes sixty Egges in sixty dayes sits upon its Egges sixty dayes before young ones be excluded it hath sixty joynts in its backbone and as many teeth in its head as it will lye dayes in winter in some Cavern without meat The more curious Scrutator may have a fuller description of the Crocodile in Aristotle Pliny and later Writers who have lustrated Aegypt and the Oriental Coasts CHAP. 32. Of Scorpions THey make an Oyl of dead Scorpions infused in Oyl which they cognominate from the same for many uses in Medicine for by way of liniment it breaks and expels the stones in the Reâ—â—s and Bladder and moves Urine it cures the bitings of Vipers Serpents and other venenate Beasts if it be adhibited to the arm-holes and groins in time of Pestilence it will either preserve the user from
or cocted in Dishes that the pulveration and coction of each part may be equal and with these he records the Medicaments in idoneous vessels and with these takes them out for uses Now Spatulaes are broad at one end like the blade of a bone which the Barbarians call Spatulae The figure of these Spatulaes is all one to wit triangular and oblong but their matter diverse for some are made of Silver as those little ones which Chirurgeous use others of Wood as thâ—â— rudicle wherewith they agitate the palmeous Emplaister while it is cocting which is made of a Palm-bough others of Iron as almost all the rest whether great or small wherewith Apotheâ—â—ries work their soft Medicaments as Honey Winter-oyl liquid Electuaries and the like confections The Shon spoons are made of Iron and Copper the Table spâ—ons of Silver and of Wood for the Rustick and poorer people 〈…〉 make little ones of Ivory and Horn which serve for measuring 〈…〉 and putâ—ing them into the scales Many also of these materials are used in Kitchins to despumate decoctions Wood and Silver Spoons are also used in Shops but not Glass ones because they are so easily frangible nor Iron ones because they contract rust as Brasen ones also but they may use any of them so the servants have a care to keep them clean and absterge them as soon as they are inquinated CHAP. 5. Of their Caldrons and other Metalline Vessels MAny take Ahenum and Cacabum for the same but in proper locution Ahenum is a brasen vessel profund and operculated with a handle on the one side whereby it may be holden in ones hand and shut at ones pleasure it serves especially for elixating of water in which must either be drunk alone or mixed with some Wine Rich men for sanity or rather vanities sake have such vessels of Silver that the cocted water may not smell of Copper A Dish is another brasen vessel much broader and larger wherein Simples are cocted Compounds made and Fruits condited it hath two ears or handles on each side one that it may be set on or taken off the fire more easily it is set on the fire upon a three-footed Iron Instrument with hot coals under it that the liquor therein contained may boil A Pottenger is another aeneous small but patulous vessel whereunto a long start and a ferreous handle is suffixed that it may be more commodiously set on the fire and holden in either hand Such Medicaments as are given in small quantity are cocted herein as one dosis of a Medicament a small Electuary a Rosaceous Julip and the like A Frying-pan is another kinde of dish very patulous with a long start which they use in Kitchins to fry flesh in shops to fry seeds in as Coriander with Vinegar to castigate some quality in it Millet-seed with Wine or some other liquor fit for some part A Caldron is another brasen vessel which suspended on a Chimney-hook hangs over the fire that whatsoever is contained in its cavity may be cocted But seeing this and more of the vessels are culinary ones I shall not need to stand any longer upon their description especially seeing the Apothecary knows them well who uses them often to prepare the decoctions of Simples and to the preparation of Syrupes Unguents and other Confections CHAP. 6. Of Torculars and Presses PHarmacopolists have also their little Torculars wherewith they express succes and oyls by pressure and this sort of Press is made of two short pieces of wood alike in form and magnitude each whereof have two holes so cunningly excavated that within they seem to be two carved circles not recurring one against another wherein two iron Rods are introduced which by turning extrinsecally abduce the beams and open the Press but by prying intrinsecally adduce and shut it pressing the interposed matter and expressing its watry or oleous succe There should be two Presses in each Pharmacopoly one to express aqueous succes out of green fruits and herbs and another oleous out of Olives Such things as are to be pressed should by coction or triture be prepared for the press by coction thus flesh must be prepared whose expressed succe is given to such as are tabid and lean by long diseases by triture as some oleaginous Woods Fruits and Seeds which last lest they should leap and flie away must be included in a bag or a strong cloth that they may be better compressed and the tenuious substance more easily separated from the crass one Thus Oyle of Almonds is educed thus the juyce of Lentisks Dates Nuts Line-seed and the like is expressed as we shall hereafter shew CHAP. 7. Of Sieves and Incernicles PHarmacopolists have now got a custom to call those Instruments which separate the purer portion of the Medicament from the crasser Sieves but this rustick enunciation is too licentious and abusive since rusticks Sieves not Apothecaries Instruments are made of skins perviated with many but small holes to purge Corn with There are also other Sieves made of Horses hairs intertexed like a web to segregate the Bran from flower which Aromataries sometimes use in dividing their Powders and purging their Prunes and Cassia-Fistula from their stones and seed which by them are called seraceous subcirnicles and sometimes excussive incernicles because agitated betwixt their hands they excuss the small Powder They are sometimes made of Wood as when Teile-bark is discerpted into long and small fibres and lattice-wise connexed for the cribration of crasser Powders There are many common Sieves but one peculiar to Aromataries which being contexed with more artifice they call Tamis it is sometimes made of Horses hair often of fine linen and oftest of silk operculated above and below with a Rams skin upon a bending VVood that the Powder received in the one casket may by cribration pass into the other without any loss by prosilition Some of these are less then others which are more idoneous for suparating precious Powders which are onely softly holden in ones hard and the Powder delabes without violence others do not transmit the tenuious Powder without much percussion There is yet another kinde of sieve in form of a great box much in use in whose middle a certain web is intended through which the Powders superimposed fall into the inferiour part of the box The trajection of the Powder will be more easie and quick if a Tinne or Silver weight be superposed together with the Powder that by its motion and gravity may impel the excussive sieve against some solid body All sieves and incernicles serving to segregate dry things must be moved agitated and impelled but for moist things they must remain quiet and immote yet the trajection of the things to be separated may be helped by a Spoon or Manipulus as the pulpes of Tamarinds Cassia or Prunes as also Roots and herbs first cocted to putrelage then transmitted by this adjument for the confection of Cataplasms CHAP. 8. Of Colatories or Strainers NEither
operations others are moderate in capacity some whereof are straight as Vials Urinals Pots Cucurbites whether greater or less and Separatories others inflicted as Retorts a crooked Boccia called Cornumuse Those things are distilled in straight Cucurbites which are easily sublevated on high as Roots Seeds Leaves Flowers and Atomata's those in oblique ones which are not so easily elevated as Rosins Lachrymae Fat 's and Gums CHAP. 11. Of Tables and Counters necessary in Pharmacopolies NO Housholdstuff so small no cottage so mean but it contains a Table or some thing to eat at and use for the Table doth not alwayes serve for meat but many more works as in a Pharmacopoly to receive simples while they be selected separated prepared measured orderly disposed and put into composition Therefore when some solemn and great composition is to be made as the Treacle Mithridate Aurea Alexandria or the like the Apothecary must make use of a long Table not in the shop but in some more retired cubicle where he may more liberally select accurately ponderate safely keep and exactly mix and compound his Medicaments And a Money-Counter or two must needs be had in every Pharmacopoly for all that are bought or sold almost are laid thereupon this receives all that are measured trutinated brayed in small Morters divided with Knives or integrally exhibited It s form should be quadrilateral and it should have many exemptile boxes in its antick part which might hold many seeds and keep other necessaries in the other side next the seat where the Apothecary sits should be some larger boxes locked up wherein some precious Medicaments may be contained On the top there should be a chink or scissure whereinto the Money received and gained must be dimitted Over the counter there should hang a certain Instrument fastened to the beams with nails not unlike a I inverted in the inseriour part whereof wooden or iron nails should be fastened whereon Scales of diverse magnitudes Tongs Spatula's and other instruments should be suspended which being at hand might not be to seek Besides the wooden ones they should have some Tables of Marble or Purple-stone with a Brayer of the same matter wherewith Precious-stones may be levigated They must have also a straight Log which for ornament may be engraven with soeveral images to under-set their greatest Morter CHAP. 12. Of little Chests Boxes and other officinary Vessels ALl the vessels in a Pharmacopoly serve either for preparation of Medicaments whereof I have already treated or for their reposition of which now and they are Bottles Pots for Oyntments Pots Capruncles Pitchers Chests and Boxes Bottles are well known and they are either of Glass or Clay serving for the repositure of distilled waters which should occupy the lowest part of the Pharmacopoly these waters being heavier and in greater quantity then other Medicaments and when frost comes these Bottles should be reposed in a cellar that their waters may not be concreted till the rigour of the cold be over Oyl-pots which serve for keeping Oyls are sometimes of Potters clay but more frequently of Tinne and obduced with a cover that they may be operculated or opened with speed Oyls educed by infusion should be reposed herein There are great store of Pots in a Pharmacopoly the greatest part whereof are of Tinne some of Earth and a few of Lead Unguents are kept and reposed herein Capruncles are all of Potters-clay white and smooth within with a handle on one side a tube on the other through which the liquor may be effunded and a very patulous orifice above that the liquor may more easily be affunded they are adorned with various colours and shapes Syrupes are reposed herein Besides these vessels there should be small ones like little Pitchers of Glass or Clay wherein cordial Powders may be kept and they have a peculiar place adorned with more artifice to stand in There should be also other small vessels of Tinne wherein several Masses for Pills are reconded each one in a peculiar skin wrapped There must be also certain ligneous vessels for the reposition of Medicaments as Baskets Chests and Boxes Baskets are contexed of vimineous boughs or rushes wherein many fruits are reposed and they are ordinarily set in the posterior tabern or other angle of the shop but if they be small ones they may be suspended in the shop Chests are quadrilateral consisting of five short boards artificially conjoyned besides a lid wherein Barks Wood Mushromes Flowers Tables Bones Horns Cleyes and the dry parts of Animals are reposed Boxes are round and profund either made with a throwe or composed of a thin broad chip brought to a round form wherein dry succes Lachrymae Gummes Minerals and some dry Roots are reposed The fore-part of Boxes and Chests which stand before the shopsdoor should be adorned with certain Pictures onely a space should be left wherein the Name of the contained might be inscribed in golden or other letters Dry Plants are kept sometimes in Chests sometimes in Bags as also many small roots great roots are trajected on a thread suspended and so dryed and kept Thus I think I have briefly described all the Officinary supellectils which if any because of the tenuity of his fortune cannot purchase all he must get the more necessary CHAP. 13. Of the Conservation of whole or parts of Simples in a Pharmacopoly THe number of Simples which a Pharmacopolist stands in need of is indefinitive for seeing all things sown or produced all things on which man conculcates or which he can handle are dirigible to his subsidy He that would in a short Catalogue complect all Medicinal Materials undertakes no less then he that would depinge in a very small Table the vastity of the Universe Nic. Praepositus indeed in the beginning of his Antidotary in many Chapters recenseates many Simples wherewith the Apothecary should be furnished but without doubt he hath not mentioned the hundredth part of all that serve to Medicinal uses for every land brings not forth every Medicament but that which Nic. knew some this that he never saw others whereof he never made tryal nor heard out of India and other Foraign Countreys some Simples are brought never before seen nor known to us and that daily And however though to recenseate all Simples and describe the name and form of such as are of diuturnal use be burthensome and superfluous seeing special Physicians undertaking this task have not so satisfied the mindes of young men but many of them will say That they have either forgotten many or spoken of many superfluously But let such Sycophants with-hold whom Jupiter himself cannot please we will prosecute our purpose and recenseate the chief Simples which should be conserved in Pharmacopolies And these Simples of use are either green or dry the green are partly suppeditated by the vicine Countrey partly by Gardens which may be depromed from each when need requires as Hortensian Plants from Gardens and Sylvestrian from Woods and other rural and
think that better which is confected by many infusions Some put the expressed succe of Violets others the conserve of Violets in this syrupe incrassated by coction to make it more Violaceous others make it of pure succe of Violets and white sugar others coct their sugar first to the consistence of an Electuary and afterwards with the said succe of Violets into the crassitude of a syrupe Many put a difference betwixt the syrupe of Violets and the Violaceous syrupe calling that the syrupe of Violets which is made of purged flowers and that violaceous which is made of integral and not purged ones and this indeed hath less of Violets faculties in it but it is more solutive for the herbaceous part is emollitive as well as its leaves some put onely four pounds of sugar to five of succe and coct it into the consistence of a syrupe Syrupe of Violets breaks the acrimony of Choler tempers the heat of the bowels subduces the belly Qualitates and conduces to the vices of the breast It is a special auxiliatory in pectoral and lateral inflammations and against the roughness of the Aspera arteria and is very good against the heat of Fevers cholerick and acute diseases the ardour of the intrails and will quench thirst CHAP. 2. Syrupus Tusilaginis or Syrupe of Coltsfoot â„ž of Coltsfoot fresh m. vj. Maiden-hair m. ij Hyssop m.j. Liquorice â„¥ ij boyl them in four pintes of water till the fourth part be consumed let the Colature be clarified and adde thereunto of the finest sugar lb iij. boyl it up to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is denominated from Tussilage as from its basis which ingredes it in greater quantity Its author is uncertain and thence its preparation various But we have exhibited the best description appointing the four prescribed simples to be cocted in four pounds of water but lightly Those that make this syrupe in the beginning of the spring take only the flowers of Tussilage those that make it in summer adde as much of the green leaves as they take of its green flowers Some make it in the middle of summer onely of the succe of its leaves depurated and sugar it may be very well made of the decoction of the flowers and sugar and be called simple syrupe in reference to the former more compound which admits of the true Maidens-hair in stead whereof Polytrichum may be substituted It helps shortness and difficulty of breathing the asperity of the windpipe it cocts moves and expectorates spittle but it must be licked like an Eclegm that it may stick longer in the Osophage and reach the amplitude of the asper artery CHAP. 3. Syrupus florum Persicorum Or Syrupe of the flowers of Peaches Tree â„ž of Peach flowers fresh lb j. Infuse them in three pintes of warme Water for xij hours afterwards Boyl them a little and express them and let the like quantity of flowers be again infused in the same Colature and this repeated five times and to the Colature adde lb iij. of sugar which Boyl into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is either made of the fruits or the flowers of the Peach-tree that which is made of its fruits is seldom in use as Christophorus Mesues commentator confesses and it is made in the beginning of Autume as that of the flowers in the beginning of the Spring Three things require that this syrupe be made of fewer infusions to wit the loss penury and amaritude of the flowers the loss of the flowers which can be regained by no Art for the flowers being evelled new ones grow not again that year and the tree remains fruitless the Penury of them for this tree is sative onely and without culture bears no fruit their Amaritude which will be more intolerable by how much the infusions are more This syrupe educes water and choler Vires kills worms frees the Mesentery from infarctures for it opens the passages incides and educes the humours CHAP. 4. Syrupus de Lupulo Or Syrupe of Hops â„ž of the clarified juyce of Hops lb iiij the juyce of Fumatory lb ij white sugar lb vj. Boyl them according to Art and make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY All do not describe this syrupe alike for some make it onely of the succe of Hops and Sugar others adde the succe of Fumatory to whose judgment I rather incline for thus its faculties are bettered it must not be made till the season in the Spring be pretty hot for till then the Fumatory whose succe is required appears not otherwise it must onely be made of the succe of Hops depurated and Sugar cocted to legitimate spissitude It allayes the heat of the intrails Vires attenuates cold and crass humours educes hot ones it conduces to the Jaundies Leprosie and all diseases caused by obstructions CHAP. 5. Syrupus Rosarum Pallid or Syrupe of Damask Roses â„ž of Damask Roses fresh lb vj. infuse them eight hours in a close vessel in lb xv of warm Water afterwards express the flowers and let the same quantity be again infused and this repeated nine times and to the Colature adde an equal weight of Sugar to the infusion and so Boyl it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some put not so much sugar to it but coct it longer till it grow thick and then it is more purgative but less grateful to the palate many following Mesues advice keep the first though twice-iterated infusion in a glass well operculated putting Oyl upon it and insolating it forty days and they call this maceration of Roses not expressed but infused Mucharum Rosarum But lest some should judge us unmindeful of our purpose because promising to treat here onely of Alterative and Preparative Medicaments we have adjoyned syrupe of Roses which is absolutely Purgative we Answer that we describe the most usual syrupes in the same order that the season of the year gives them not remitting the Purgative which are very few till we treat of such Medicaments besides these that do purge they do it so ignavely that they are rather Preparatives then Purgatives It is alterative and Hydragogous for it tempers hotter humours Vires educes watry ones from very remote parts if it be taken in great quantity when it is new made it is more Purgative when older less it may safely be given to old men and children CHAP. 6. Syrupe of Hispidula or Aelurope vulgarly called Cats-foot â„ž of the tops of the flowers of Cats-foot lb j. infuse them a whole night and day in warm water lb v. afterwards Boyl them gently upon a small fire till lb iiij of the Colature remains to which adde Sugar lb iij. and so boyl it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY It is fure enough that this syrupe hath been but of late use for they of our age invented it and being imboldened by much experience approved of it Joannes Gonerius a Parisian Apothecary and perite Medick first made it at Paris who
first beat the flowers very small afterwards the Sugar beating them well together till it becomes a soft mass The COMMENTARY The plenty of Medicinal flowers causes plenty of Conserves but Stoechados being very rare and Balm emitting patulous flowers few Conserves if any are confected of them but Sage is so frequent and endowed with so many eximious qualities that a most commendable Conserve Vires Salviae for many uses is made thereof for by a special faculty it roborates the Brain and Nerves conduces much to trembling stupour palsey and affections of the Brain That which is made of Balm gently helps the Memory That which is made of the flowers called Stoechados frees the Liver from obstructions and recreates the Brain Many Pharmacopolists it may be have more Conserves condited of flowers and many fewer and if any one be not content with these he hath liberty to make Conserves of Poeony Tamarisks Primrose and Succory Some make Conserve of Mallows flowers which much conduces to the Stone and vices in the Reins for it leniates allayes heat diduces the passages and expels sand from the Kidneys SECT VII Of Fruits and other parts of Plants Condited FRuits to be condited must not undergo triture like flowers but are condited either whole if small as Ribes and Berberries or somewhat greater as Cherries or else cut into slices as Quinces Roots also purged and sliced are condited Of all which Conditures we shall briefly dissert in this Section CHAP. 3. Cerasa condita or Condited Cherries â„ž of Cherries ripe and purged from their pedicles lb ij white Sugar lb j. boyl them first upon a clear then upon a gentle fire casting off the scum as it arises till their Juyce and the Sugar becomes a perfect Syrupe The COMMENTARY There are many kindes of Cherries whereof those onely are selected for conditure which are very red dulcoacid very succulent and inhaere upon a short pedicle as also such as are obscurely red Now that they may be rightly condited a little water must be put to them for so the Sugar will more easily liquefie and the Cherries be sooner cocted Now they are perfectly cocted when a drop of their Syrupe effunded upon a Marble diffuses not and then they should be removed from the fire and when they grow cold be reposed in idoneous vessels for preservation Condite Cherries because of their suavity and salubrity Vires are exhibited to the sick of any disease and at any time CHAP. 2. Ribes Berberis condita or Condited Ribes and Berberries â„ž of red Currans or Berberries lb j. ss Sugar lb j. boyl them according to Art with a little water till their humidity have acquired the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Of the succe of these fruits inspissated by heat we have a Sape of the same and sugar duly cocted a Syrupe also Both which are eximious in restoring sanity to the diseased as we have above hinted These same fruits are also used for Junkets and to that end integrally condited that they may be kept while winter and exhibited to the diseased to whom they are not onely pleasant but conducible They usually mix some water to their conditure but their own succe would do better in its stead for so the conditure would be more acid and sweet also if an equal weight of fruits and sugar were conjoyned CHAP. 3. Pyra condita or Condited Pears â„ž of Pears decocticated and of the whitest Sugar of each lb ij boyl them upon a gentle fire till the Pears become soft and the liquor of the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Other Pears may be so condited as those they call Rousselets and others whose flesh is solid Some stick them with Cloves that they may be more grateful to the palate for so they attain an aromatical odour and sapour with sweetness Apples having a sorter substance which by coction would be like a Pultess are not condited whole but cut into slices and artificially cocted with Sugar are made into a certain Paste which sected into morsels is studiously dryed and kept CHAP. 4. Nuces condita or Condited Nuts â„ž of Nuts both young and green n.l. purged from their outward Cortex infuse them nine or ten dayes in warm water daily changed then boyl them till they grow soft which spread one by one upon a cloth that they may dry aromatize them with Cloves and Cinamon and afterwards with an equal quantity of Sugar to the weight of the Nuts boyling them gently adding thereunto a little water to a just consistence The COMMENTARY Many care not for condite Nuts because they grow black which ingrateful colour that it may be hindred let the Nuts be first cocted then sticked with Aromata and reconded in a vessel upon which superfuse Syrupe perfectly cocted while it is hot if on the following dayes the Syrupe grow crude again coct it again and superfuse it and if yet it appear too fluid recoct it that it may acquire a legitimate consistence for so the condite Nuts will be whiter They roborate the ventricle Vires disspate flatuosity cure the cholick and help coction CHAP. 5. Pruna condita or Condited Plums â„ž of Plums not perfectly ripe of Loaf-sugar of each lb j. clear water lb ss boyl them till the liquor becomes a perfect Syrupe The COMMENTARY There is every-where great plenty and variety of Plums whereof Damascens white black red and violaceous ones are very expetible but most of all the Imperial Plums which when mature are most grateful And these also like other fruits are condited for better preservation and first they are decorticated and presently cast into water lest they should grow flave or black and then they are cocted till the syrupe of their succe mixed with sugar be of a legitimate consistence Thus may Peaches and ripe Apples be condited The Pills of Oranges and Lemmons partly because of their hardness and partly of their insuavity are once or twice macerated in warm water before conditure into which water at the first time some inject a little bundle of ashes at the second time they are cocted in simple water with an equal weight of sugar and so conserved in their syrupe perfectly cocted But for such as delight onely in dry confectures they may be thus made The Pills thus condited must be taken their syrupe wherewith they are madid either gently deterged with a cloth or lightly washed off with water The Pills thus wiped and exsiccated must be immerged in other sugar cocted to the consistence of a solid Electuary and again cocted therein a little then amoved and exsiccated in the sun Hypocauste or other hot place and then kept But this curious Art of conditing Fruits appertains rather to Confectioners then Apothecaries CHAP. 6. Citonia condita or Condited Quinces â„ž of Quinces decorticated cut in five or six parts purged from their membranes and seeds n.x. or xij of Sugar the like weight boyl them with a little water according to
Powders into water of Endive and so coact them into a mass These greater Pills of Egrimony do not onely cure the Jaundies Vires but periodical and circularly-reiterated Fevers also CHAP. 7. Pilulae sine quibus esse nolo or Pills without which I would not be D. Nic. Praepos ℞ of the best Aloesʒ xiiij the five sorts of Myrobalans Rhabarb Senny Agarick trochiscated Mastick Wormwood Dodder Rose-leaves Violets of eachʒ j. Diagridiumʒ vj. ss Honey despumed with the Juyce of Fennel as much as suffices to bring it into a mass The COMMENTARY These are also Universal as well as the Imperial but more cholagogous and valid because of their Diagridium Their denomination being noted by a certain circumlocution shew the efficacy and necessity of their use which no man or Master of a Family that mindes his sanity should be without Their ingredients are such as deduce humours from all principal parts of the Body and roborate those parts Rheubarb is their Basis if we respect their better part Scammony if their more valid and exuperant and Myrabolambs if the weight of fruits That they may be duly made Scammony Aloes Agarick and Mastick should be pulverated apart the rest partly alone and partly together They must not be subacted with the water or succe of Fennel as the Author would but with Honey that they may not too soon become dry and marcid These Pills educe Phlegm and both the Biles from all parts Vires but especially from the head eyes and senses and thence they lessen the suffusions of the eyes conserve sight and cure the pain and noise in the ears CHAP. 30. Pilulae Aureae or Golden Pills D.N.Myr. ℞ of the best Aloes and Diagridium of eachʒ v. of red Roses and Smallage-seed of eachʒ ij ss the seeds of Anise and sweet Fennel ef eachʒ j. ss Powder of Coloquintida Saffron and Mastick of eachʒ j. and with Gumme-Thraganth dissolved in rose-Rose-water or rather with Honey of Roses make it up into a mass of a legitimate consistence The COMMENTARY Nic. Praepositus doth justly insult over Nic. Myrepsus the Author of these Pills That he described so great a quantity of Diagridium insomuch that the place is suspected of Errour where I believe he would have said ℈ v. not ʒ v. which may be gathered from his very words in the end of this 107 Chapter where defining the dosis of these Pills he thus writes Let them be made like a Pease with the water of the infusion of Tragacantha and nine or eleven of them taken at night with Mulse or Wine for this quantity is at least ʒ j. ss or ʒ ij which admits of almost ʒ ss of Diagridium However use hath so prevailed that they are made according to the manner described yet with this rule That they be exhibited in a just and idoneous weight according to the Medicks prudence and diseased's strength to whom if four or five grains of Diagridium would purge him so much of these Pills must be given as receives just so much Diagridium Nic. Praepositus did well in the adjection of Mastick for the roboration of the Ventricle against the attact of such violent Purgatives Tragacanthum is also justly commixed to mitigate the ferity of Scammony but the Trochisks of Alhandal were safer then Coloquintida uncastigated all must be pulverated small and coacted into a mass of a legitimate consistence with Honey of Roses for so it will be softer then if it had been subacted with the dissolved Gumme of Tragacantha They are called Golden Pills rather from their croceous colour then their excellent effect for all Medicaments which potently subduce the Belly and validly expurge humours are not presently denominated aureous or eximious but such onely as with facility and without molestation extract noxious ones Golden Pills are very cholagogous Vires for they potently draw Bile and Phlegm also not onely from the inferiour but also superiour Ventricle and the head and thence they purge the senses and acuate the eye-sight CHAP. 9. Pilulaede Agarico or Pills of Agarick D. Avic ℞ of Agarickʒ iij. Orris-root Horehound of eachʒ j. Turbith Hierae Picrae of eachʒ iiij Coloquintida Sarcocollae of eachʒ ij Myrrheʒ j. mingle it with as much Sape as will suffice to make it into a mass The COMMENTARY Nic. Praepositus addes Mastick to these Pills the Commentators upon Mesue like not of it Fernelius approves of its use and transcribes their description out of Praepositus Joubertus disapproves of it but gives no reason I think it is neither hurtful nor greatly profitable for if it be exploded the Ventricle cannot want roboratives as long as Hiera Myrrhe Sape and Orris ingrede the compound if it be admitted it will neither obtund the faculties of the other nor much better them Their first Author was Avicenna who described them with Myrrhe which Mesue omits as Bauderonius observes in his Book where he describes Agarick and Coloquintida without any express preparation But it is best to take them both when made into Trochisks and so bray and mix them The Powder of Galens Hierae Sacra must be taken with Honey white Horehound selected and the Root of that Orris whose flower is caeruleous which Avicenna calls the Celestial Lilly The Purgatives must be pulverated apart the rest partly so partly together and then all mixed together with Sape Pills of Agarick purgeth phlegm potently from all parts Vires conduces to the head and breast and thence cures the sleepy Disease Catarrhs Vertigo and such affections as proceed from cold humours but especially difficult breathing for which end Avicenna invented them CHAP. 10. Pilulae Cochiae D. Rhasis ℞ of the Powder of simple Hieraeʒ x. Coloquintidaʒ iij. ℈ j. Scammony preparedʒ ij ss Turbith Stoechados of eachʒ v. and with Syrupe of Staechados make it up into a mass The COMMENTARY The Pills of Cochia are not so called simply from the grain which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but because they are round and small like Pepper-corns after which manner all Pills were wont to be made and though they be now greater yet we give them the same name as well as the same description Some think them excessively purgative because of the greater quantity of Diagridium And seeing Pharmacopolists should have gentle purges for such as are delicate and valid ones for the stronger I would have made them as Rhasis hath described them for they may be given in such small quantity that they will not over-purge the Belly but educe onely noxious humours Some doubt in their mixtion whether Galens Hiera Picra should be taken or some other made We for many reasons which for brevities sake we omit judge no other Hiera more convenient valid or better but it is safer to admit the Trochisks of Alhandal then Coloquintida unprepared and if Syrupe of Stoechas be not in readiness which indeed few keep then the Powders may be subacted in Honey with the decoction of
hinder the eruption of Pimples if childrens faces be anointed therewith CHAP. 4. Some Oyls that are seldome made and their faculties AS all men follow not one Law and Rule in Life so neither are all taken with one course of Medicaments for as the old Verse hath it Utitur ingenio patria quaeque suo Some admit of a Medicament others reject it some approve of none but new inventions others of none but old ones and though both this and that troop be my friends yet Reason is my nearest friend which I have in writing and acting made my Rule I adore Mesue in most things yet in some I leave him to those he wrote to leaving some of his Medicaments to such as he left them to as appears by the Catalogue of Medicaments contained in this our Shop He describes some Oyls which are not used yet he will not omit them because their faculties are above contempt whereof we shall treat in brief Mesue saith that the Oyl of Filberds allayes the dolours of the nerves and articles it is made as the Oyl of Almonds A Filberd is a small Nut in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sometimes called the Pontian or Praenestine Nut from the places where the Plant grows copiously whose oleous humidity is adonynous discusses humours and is thence fit for the said affections The Oyl of Apricot-stones mitigates the dolour of the fundament and the Haemorrhoids and digests the tumours of those parts and Ulcers It is made after the same manner with the former These stones are taken out of some Apples which from the place where they are are called Armeniacks from their colour Golden Apples and from their speedy maturity Praecocks Their carnosity is very sapid and sweet but their kernels sharp bitter and ingrateful The Oyl of Peaches kills worms removes obstructions allayes the dolours of the ears benefits the tumid and dolourous Haemorrhoids Furthermore it calefies attenuates resolves and effects the same with Oyl of bitter Almonds for the stones of Peaches whereof it is made are bitter calefactive and diaphoretical The Oyl of Kerva or great Spurge discusses crass flatulency attenuates viscid phlegm cures the dolours of the belly and intestines proceeding from that humour and helps the Hydroptical whether it be assumed or applyed Avicenna recenseates more of its utilities but it is very seldome made The Oyl of wild Saffron incides and deterges thence it cures the Jaundice the dolour of the breast lungs and ventricle from a cold cause But this is not oft made The Oyl of Pistack-Nuts and Pine-Apples leniates the asperity of the throat mitigates the dolour of the breast cures the Cough fattens the macilent and tabid and augments Sperm but they are better for esure And that I may in brief speak of many things Oyls may at any time be confected of Cherry-stones Unguentary Acorn Orange and Lemmon-seeds and the four cold seeds and the like which will have the same faculties that their fruits seeds and stones whereof they are confected have CHAP. 5. Oleum de nuce Moschata or The Oyl of Nutmeg THe Oyl of Nutmeg is stomachical aromatical and sweet for it roborates the weak stomack cherishes its faint heat moves appetite helps coction cocts cold humours resolves hot ones dissipates flatulency it is made of Nutmegs brayed calefied and pressed which emit Oyl which at first is liquid and concretes afterwards into the solidity of an Unguent But because Nutmegs are very precious and their Oyl is better new then old it should be confected but in small quantity and as exigence calls for it iterated This simple Oyl differs much from that Moschatelline Oyl confected of many simples by maceration which hath Musk and Nutmeg for its Basis CHAP. 6. Oleum Ovorum or Oyl of Egges THe Oyl of Egges is made of their Yolks indurated by coction which broken in ones hands are fryed in a Frying-pan continually moved with a spoon or the like till they exude some pinguetude which while they are hot must be involved in a Canvas bag and committed to the press that their Oyl may be expressed and kept There may also an Oyl be extracted from these by coction triture and expression without frixion like that of Almonds and so the Oyl will be more pure sweet and less ruddy but in less quantity and not so efficacious in deleating cutaneous vices whereunto it is prescribed about twenty or thirty new Egges should be taken their Whites separated from their Yolks which by pressure will emit Oyl It takes away the foedity of the skin deleates scars or at least lessens them cures burnings and Tetters helps all cutaneous affections and very much benefits the malign Ulcers of the feet fundament and hands CHAP. 7. Oleum Laurinum or Oyl of Bayes FOr the confection of this Oyl new and mature Laurel-berries must be selected brayed in a Morter cocted in a Kettle without water and expressed out of a hollow not plain Press into a subdititious vessel wherein the Oyl that swims above the water may be collected The mass may be again brayed and moistened with water and pressed in a hollow Torcular that more oleous fatness may be elicited Dioscorides confects it a little otherwise for he elixates the mature berries in water which exude their fatness through their skins which he subacts with his hands and puts in a shell but the former way is more usual yet Apothecaries make it not but buy it thus ready made of such as congesting a great quantity of berries together make it their work to elicite Oyl Some bray the fresh and mature berries without other mistion and express their Oyl out of them in a Torcular Oyls may be thus extracted out of the berries of Lentisks Turpentine-trees Ivy Junipers and the like which bear odorate berries The Oyl of Laurel-berries is calefactive mollitive apertive and discussive and hence it cures all cold distempers whether simple or mixed with phlegm and flatulency as also the cholical dolour arising hence if it be injected into the intestines with some convenient decoction it presently cures all cold affections of the brain nerves articles and loyns it takes away lassitude opens the spiracles of the veins cures the Palsey and Trembling if the Back-bone be anointed therewith CHAP. 8. Oleum Balfami or The Oyl of Balm THe next of this kinde is Oyl of Balm which flows from a peregrine Tree which is low of stature and not elegant of a subcineritious colour with a luteous flower like Jasmins its leaves fall off about the end of Autumn and grow again in Spring It fruticates copiously in the Arabian Aegyptian and the Babylonish tract it is scarcely cicurable in colder Regions They sometimes cut off its tender succles whereunto they annex Canes oblited with wax that their fat succe may flow into them Sometimes they vulnerate its crasser boughs out of which wounds that precious Lachryma which is so much celebrated distils Some drops of this Oyl exhibited on a jejune stomack help
that Book finde no such thing But whoever was its Author it is a Medicament very expetible by Chirurgeons The preparation of this and of the precedent is one and both being made without fire may be called Crude Unguents It is refrigerative astrictive and roborative very convenient for the beginnings of fluxions and therefore hinders the eruption of Pimples Inflammations and the like CHAP. 6. Unguentum Stypticum or The Styptical Unguent D.Fern. ℞ of Oyl of Roses often washed in Alome-water lb j. ss white Wax ℥ iiij unripe Galls Cypress Nuts Balanstians Pomegranate-Pill Acorn-Cups Acacia Sumach Mastick of each ℥ j. and with the Juyce of Medlars and Sorb-apples make it up into an Unguent The COMMENTARY This Unguent being most validly astrictive may according to Plantius be usurped for the Unguent of Comitissa or any other astrictive That it may be rightly made all its ingredients must be pulverated small and macerated about four dayes in the succes of Sorb-apples and Medlars or each of them then dryed on a slow fire and mixed with wax melted in Oyl It is the principal of astrictives it roborates imbecile parts it stayes fluent humours and angustates and constringes laxer parts for it intercepts all fluxions Vires cohibits the prolapse of the Matrix Uterus Fundament and Intestines and by adhibition stayes the bloody flux retracts the pendent Mammillaries makes them lesser and erugates the belly after birth CHAP. 7. Desiccativum rubrum or The red Desiccative ℞ Oyl of unripe Olives lb j. white Wax ℥ v. Terra-Lemnia or Bolearmeniak Lapis Calimiaris of each ℥ iiij Lithargie of Gold Ceruse of each ℥ iij. Camphyrʒ j. make it into an Unguent according to Art The COMMENTARY This Topical Medicament which is most usual and successful is from its effect called Desiccative from its colour Red. And though its Author be uncertain yet all describe it and make it after this form Ceruse Camphyr and Lithargie must be brayed and levigated apart the wax by moderate heat melted in Oyl yet so that the Camphyr may be last injected all this confusedly mixed together must be diligently agitated with a ligneous Spatula that they may acquire a legitimate spissitude It may also be made as Sylvius would have it The Lithargie may be first nutrited by fire then mixed with the other powders but thus coadunated it is more Desiccative and less Refrigerative some make it with Lemnian-Earth but Bole makes it as efficacious It refrigerates roborates stayes fluxions defends parts affected digests absumes and siccates excrementitious humidity and heals Ulcers and Wounds CHAP. 8. Unguentum Diapompholygos or The Unguent of Pompholyx D. N. Alex. ℞ of Oyl of Roses ℥ x. the Juyce of Nightshade granes ℥ iiij boyl them gently till the Juyce be consumed adde white Wax ℥ v. * * * Psimmythii washed Ceruse ℥ iij. Powder of Lead Pompholyx of each ℥ ij Frankincense ℥ j. Reduce them into the form of an Unguent The COMMENTARY This Unguent is desumed from Alexandrinus but the dosis of its simples changed and its self redacted to a better form according to Sylvius his castigation Its Basis is Pompholix What this Pompholix is and how it differs from Tutia hath been declared Alexandrinus prescribes the powder of burnt Lead to be assumed and washed but I had rather use the powder of crude Lead as better However he that will have burnt Lead he may use it thus by Dioscorides his advice Put thin plates of Lead into a new earthen pot and sprinkle Sulphur upon them then put in more and still sprinkle Sulphur on them till the pot be full then accend the Sulphur and stir the flagrant Lead with a ferreous rudicle till it be perfectly redacted to powder and cleave to the rudicle then stopping your nostrils lest the halite offend you take out the Lead the file-dust of Lead may be easily burnt with Sulphur as also without it if thin plates thereof be imposed on a luculent fire and moved with a ferreous rudicle till all be solved into ashes Some burn it without Sulphur thus They repose it in a new earthen pot and circumcepting it with burning coals melt it alwayes stirring it with a ferreous rudicle and augmenting the intense heat of the fire till it eructate much spume and at last wholly become spume which is like ashes and may be easily pulverated by a second adhibition to the fire when it is burnt and pulverated it must be washed like Cadmia but it might be easily redacted to powder while crude if its thin plates were minutely incided immerged three dayes in sharp Vinegar daily changed and then exempted dryed and brayed without ustion Now for the confection of the Unguent first coct the succe of Nightshade in the Oyl of Roses till the succe be dissipated then melt the wax in the same Oyl then adde the small powders and agitate the mixture with a ligneous rudicle till it be cold and in form of an Unguent It is the best curer of wounds for it mitigates their heat Vires dryes their humidity tames their malignity allayes their dolour impletes their cavities and draws them to scars it is most convenient for the Ulcers of the Legs CHAP. 9. Unguentum ad Pruritum or An Unguent for the Itch. ℞ Hogs-suet often washed in the Juyce of Scabious sowre Dock-roots boyled to Pultess and pulped Brimstone washed in Juyce of Lemmons of each ℥ j. ss Unguenti Populeon nourished in the Juyce of Enula-campane ℥ ss mix them well together in a Morter The COMMENTARY Whilst I was writing these things there came a Rustick to sinplore my help for a Kinsman of his who being continually pestred with a pastulous Itch and had been forced to buy a Remedy of a Barber-Surgeon the Barber sold him a familiar Unguent made of Mercury Sulphur and Swines-grease wherewith he anointed his body once or twice but the Unguent did so violently move the Colluvies of his whole body towards his neck and throat that by violent suptation the man was almost suffocated I will recenseate no more such stories for hence it sufficiently appears what errour the imperite are hurried into while they unhappily prescribe a Liniment confected of Quicksilver and Fat or Butter and Sulphur But lest they again run into the like folly or for want of others prescribe such dangerous ones we give this Unguent which is easie to make and most efficacious in curing the Itch for it mitigates bilious humours and sharp and salt phlegm it moderates all calid humours and cures the itchy Scab CHAP. 10. Unguentum Ophthalmicum or The Ophthalmical Unguent ℞ Bole-armeniack washed in rose-Rose-water ℥ j. Lapis Caliminaris washed in eyebright-Eyebright-water Tutty prepared of eachʒ ij Pearl finely beatenʒ ss Camphyr ℈ ss Opium gr v. fresh Butter often washed in plantain-Plantain-water ℥ v. make it into an Unguent The COMMENTARY It can scarce be credited to how many and great diseases and symptomes the eye is obnoxious for the oppugning whereof
strained to the colature adde Butter Fat and Wax when these are melted let Oyl be poured on and then the Powders mixed with it all thus permixed and subacted confect an Unguent of a legitimate consistence which from its effect is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Auxiliatory by some Adjutory by Praepositus foolishly Aragon It cures cold affections Vires convulsions resolutions cholical and articulate dolours it is good to anoint the back-bone and shoulder-points with it before the invasion of the Quartane-Ague CHAP. 24. Unguentum Martiatam D. Myreps ℞ of old Oyl lb ij Wax lb j. Rosemary the leaves of Bayes Rue of each ℥ iiij Marjoram Dwarf-Elder Savin * * * Or Water Mints Balsamite Basil Sage Mountain-Polium Calamint Mugwort Enula-campane Betony Bears-breech Goose-grass Windflower Pimpinel Agrimony Wormwood Cowslips or rather Primerose Garden Costus i. Grecian Mint tops of Eldern Stone-crop the greater House-leek Yarrow Germander narrow-leafed Plantain the lesser Centaury Strawberries Cinqfoil of each ℥ ij ʒ ij Marshmallow-root Cumin Myrrhe of each ℥ j. ss Foenugreck Butter of eachʒ vj. Nettleseed Violets white Poppy-seed Garden-Mint and wilde-Mint the roots of Madder sowre Dock of Maiden-hair Carduus Benedictus Woodbinde Mosch Cranes-bill Camomile-flowers Spleen-wort Ox-eye Southernwood Storax the Marrow of a Hart of eachʒ ij of Bear Capon and Goose-grease Mastick of each ℥ ss Oyl of Spikenard ℥ j. Let the roots and herbs be bruised and macerated in Wine boyled and the Oyl added to them which again let be boyled in the strained liquor dissolve the Wax afterwards the Butter and the Fat 's and last of all the Powders The COMMENTARY Salernitanus thinks that this Unguent should be called Martianum from Martianus Manlius saith Martiatum from Martiaton a most perite Medick and its Inventor But whose-ever it was he hath described it a most efficacious and useful Medicament which consisting of many Simples is called The great Martiate in reference to one more simple delivered by Alexandrinus But lest any one should erre in its dispensation we shall dilucidate the obscure appellations of some of its simples By Acanthum then we understand Brank-ursine by Balsamita Water-Mint by Elelisphacum Sage by Spargula the Greeks Goose-grass by herba Venti not Pellitory of the wall sometimes so called but wilde Anemone however either of them may be taken without any errour by herba Paralysis Primcrose by Nostras Costus Grecian Mint commonly called S. Maries grass by Sempervive House-leek or the greater Aizoon by Quinque Nervia Plantain by Cardiobotanum Carduus Benedictus by Periclymenum Woodbinde by herba Moschata the first species of Storks-bill by Crispulum wilde Camomile not stinking Camomile which we call Ox-eye by herba Camphorata Southernwood the rest are easie We do not with Joubertus put Feverfew but Marjoram in stead of Tamarisk as more convenient for the purpose For its preparation the roots and herbs that are gathered in the middle of Spring must be washed purged brayed and macerated in a sufficient quantity of generous wine in a fit vessel and then cocted upon hot ashes till half the wine be dissipated then must the Oyl be affunded and all again cocted till all the wine be perfectly dissipated then removed from the fire put in a bag and pressed then set again on the fire and the wax added and melted then must the Butter Fat 's Marrow and Pulverables be usurped all dissolved well mixed and united by agitation then removed from the fire that they may become an Unguent It cures the cold affections of the Brain Nerves and Articles the trembling Palsey Convulsion and Gout it conduces to the hard tumours of the Spleen and all dolours sprung from crude humours CHAP. 25. Unguentum Citrinum D. Myreps ℞ of Borax white Marble of eachʒ ij Camphyrʒ j. white Coral ℥ ss Alome the Sea-Navel Antal Dental Chrystal Nitre Tragacanth Amiantum Starch Olibanum of each ʒ iij. * * * Gersa the foecula of Dragons-root ℥ j. Ceruse ℥ vj. Hogs-suet lb j. ss Goats-suet ℥ j. ss Capons-grease ℥ j. Pome-citron num ij make it up into an Unguent according to Art The COMMENTARY Seeing this Unguent hath its name not colour from Oranges for it is white it should rather be called The Unguent of Oranges then the Citrian Unguent but the affinity of the names makes the errour small It is rather of the number of those that appertain to the Cosmetical and Exornatory Art then the Medicinal for it consists of many things which erugate and deterge the skin emend its prave colour and reduce it to a more laudable state Many of its ingredients are enunciated in barbarous words which lest by their ambiguity or multifarious acceptations they should deceive the imperite we shall thus interpret By sweet Amiantum or Amentum we mean scissile Alome or plumeous not cocted Targot as Manlius suggests by Sea-navels Sea-shels representing a Mans Navel by Antalium a marine Tube of a fingers length striated without of the number of shells by Dentalium a small long round white shell smooth within crooked and acuminated on one side wherein a certain Sea-worm lives Now Antalium and Dentalium being Conchiles Sea-welks and Cockles may be substituted in their stead By Gersa we understand a certain Ceruse or Foecula made of the root of the herb Dragon or in defect thereof of the root of Jairy and rose-Rose-water which is thus prepared The roots of the greater herb Dragon must be collected in the Spring washed purged and dryed then pulverated very small in a Stone-Morter and put in an earthen or glass vessel with Rose-water then covered with a linen cloth and dryed in the Sun afterwards brayed madefied with Rose-water and dryed by insolation which must be iterated three or four dayes then the powder madefied with odorate wine coacted into Pastils dryed in a shade reposed for use and usurped for Garsa The Unguents preparation is after this manner The greases must all be melted together in an earthen pot wherein two Citrons or Oranges cut into pieces must be macerated a whole night the next morning cocted and percolated the Marble Chrystal Coral Navels Antals and Dentals must be pulverated very small as also the rest but all of them apart especially Camphyr Amylum Frankincense Amiantum and Boras but Gersa being friable may be levigated by light motion on an inverted sieve When all are duly levigated they must be mixed and agitated together with the melted strained and hot fats that they may concrete to an Unguent But the quantity of Fat 's seems too little for the Powders which therefore must either be augmented or they lessened for Apothecaries require for one pound of Powders seven or eight of Fat but the Powders may be saved and when use calls for them mixed with a sufficient quantity of Fat 's It represses Pimples arising from bile or salt phlegm in the skin Vires but especially in the face It exterges Tetters black and blue
and Rosines be added as also all kindes of Gummes Some whereof are mixed sincere others diluted colated and cocted in Wine Vinegar or other liquor if Turpentine be required it may be added when the Salve is percocted and abstracted from the fire then must the hard Powders be cast and sprinkled agitated subacted and concreted into a mass neither soft nor hard but moderate and viscid which will not inquinate the contractants hands If liquid succes as Wine Vinegar Medicinal Waters or Decoctions ingrede a Salves confection they must be cocted till their aqueous humidity be dissipated New and spiss Succes must be dissolved in some liquor which must also be dissipated by coction dry and friable ones must be pulverated and mixed therewith And as it is of great moment which must be first put in the dispensation and which last so also which must be longer which less cocted For the light coction of Lithargie makes the Medicament white the longer black Verdigrease makes it sometimes citreous sometimes green and sometimes fusk according to the various heat of the fire And the mutation of colour often argues the mutation of qualities for Lithargie by longer coction makes the Salve both blacker and more exsiccative And though the consistence and faculties be the most looked after in Salves yet their colour and odour make them more commendable But seeing we have abundantly treated of general Precepts in confecting Salves in our Institutions Chap. 4. Book 3. it now onely rests that we discuss the particular preparation and confection of each of them CHAP. 1. Diachylon simplex D. Mes â„ž old Oyl lb j. Lithargie finely beaten lb j. ss Our London Apothecaries usually add as much water as Oyl to boyl it with of the musilidge of Marshmallow-roots Linseed and Foenugreek of each â„¥ iiij make it into a Plaister of a legitimate consistency The COMMENTARY The denomination of this Salve is multifarious for from the mucagineous succes which it admits in great plenty it is called Diachylon from its colour Album from its usual frequency Commune and from the five Simples that ingrede its Confection Pentapharmacum and often Simple Diachylon in reference to another more composititious The whole Family of Myropolists acknowledge Mesue its Author though Serapio and Avicenna gave descriptions thereof before him and all exhibit it according to the superiour form wherein Oyl and Lithargie suppeditate matter and corpulency and Succes efficacy which mixed in divers proportions and after divers preparations make up this Emplaister For more dilucidation prepare it thus Purge the Lithargie from its Lead dross and filth then levigate it small agitate and subact it twelve hours in a Metalline-Morter with Oyl then coct it on a slow fire alwayes stirring it till the Lithargie incrassate to a melleous consistence and adheres not to the bottom of the Kettle then take it off the fire that it may cooâ— then fervefie the succes extracted in water aparr till their more aqueous parts be exhaled then mix about a third part thereof accurately with the Lithargie and coct them again till the Lithargie incrassate as before then put the rest to it and agitate them letting them fervefie on a slow fire till they be all united and concorporated into a Salve of a legitimate consistence and if you put an ounce of the powder of Orris to each pound of this Salve then you have Diachylon Ireatum It is a sign the Salve is perfectly cocted when a part thereof adheres not to a Marble nor inquinates the contrectants hands yet it should be sequacious and viscid that Rolls may be formed thereof involved in paper and kept It is the best Mollitive for it mollifies the hard tumours and cocts the humours of the Liver Spleen Ventricle and other parts that which admits of Orris attracts incides and resolves more CHAP. 2. Diachylon Magnum D. Mes â„ž of Lithargie of Gold finely powdered lb j. Oyls of Orris Dill and Camomile of each lb ss musilidge of Marshmallow-roots Figs Linseed Foenugreek Isinglass Juyces of Orris Squills Oesypi of eachÊ’ xij ss Turpentine â„¥ iij. Rosine Wax of each â„¥ ij make it into a Plaister according to Art Diachylon Magnum cum Gummis â„ž Bdellium Sagapenum Ammoniacum of each â„¥ ij dissolve them in wine and boyl them to the crassitude of Honey adding the mass of Diachylon Magnum and make it into a Plaister The COMMENTARY As the Simple and Ireatum were so the great and Gummatum Diachylon are conjoyned and described all in one order because in name and faculties they have much affinity Paul Aegin dissents much from Mesue in the description and confection of the greater Oribasius dissents from Paulus and the usual method accommodated to Mesue from both which we now follow onely neglecting Raisins in whose stead we by Guido's advice substitute Althea's-root and you may thus confect it Agitate and move Lithargie already brayed and purged in a Morter of Copper with Oyl very long then coct it on a slow fire alwayes stirring it till it incrassate then adde the musilidges and coct them till their watry humidity be absumed afterwards put Fish-glue diluted in the succe of Orris and Squills into the confection and coct them till the succes be spent in stead of Alkanach you may put Alkam or Bird-lime which is more convenient for this Emplaister The Wax and Rosine must be put into these whilst they are on the fire the Turpentine and Oesypus may be added when they are abstracted from the fire all the mass must be continually agitated that its consistence may be idoneous Some by industrious sedulity mix a small quantity of the Mucagines at first with the Oyls and Lithargie that they may hinder its subsidence to the bottom of the vessel and make the Salve whiter Its faculties effect the same with the former but more efficaciously for it mollifies cocts and digests better The Gummatum Diachylon attracts mollifies and resolves potently CHAP. 3. Emplastrum de Mucaginibus seu Diachylon compositum or The Plaister of Musilidges or Diachylon compound â„ž of the Musilidge of the seeds of Marshmallows Lin Foenugreek the middle bark of Elm of each â„¥ iiij Oyl of Camomile Lillies and Dill of each â„¥ j. Ammoniacum Galbanum Opoponax Sagapenum of each â„¥ ss new Wax â„¥ xx Turpentine â„¥ ij SaffronÊ’ ij make it into a Plaister according to Art The COMMENTARY Though this Salve be of an uncertain Author yet all Pharmacopolists make it after this description which we exhibit from Fernelius its Transcriber for whose confection first extract the Chyles in water then coct them with Oyls on a slow fire till their a queous humidity be dissipated cut the wax into pieces and melt it herein agitating it with a spatle adde the Gummes diluted first in Vinegar strained and cocted to the absumption of the Vinegar then take them off the fire and adde Turpentine and Saffron to them still agitating the mass till it acquire a due consistence
333 Carduus Benedictus pag. 33◠Black Carduus Ibid. Carot pag. 248 Carneol pag. 415 Carpesium pag. 281 Carpobalsamum pag. 282 Carthamus pag. 261 Cassia Fistula how to extract it pag. 81 Cassia and Cinamon are the same pag. 253 Cassidony pag. 320 Castor what it is pag. 450 His Cods Ibid. The biting of a Castor is terrible Ibid. Which Cods are to be taken Ibid. Cataplasmes what they are their use and matter pag. 200 A Cataplasme to asswage pain and mollifie hardness pag. 200 To open and discuss Flatuosity Ibid. Catapasmes what pag. 201 Catapotia why so called pag. 114 Cathartick what properly it is and what it signifies pag. 10 28 Catharticks purging by pag. 15 Attraction pag. 15 Compression pag. 15 Lubrication pag. 15 How to infuse them pag. 56 A Liquid Cathartick purges sooner then any other pag. 264 Their variety of doses pag. 163 Cautery how it differs from a vesicatory its matter and manner of making pag. 206 Centory greater and lesser pag. 335 Cephalicks pag. 18 Cerate what it is pag. 123 Why so called pag. 710 Cerecloth Ibid. The method to be observed in the making of a Cerecloth Ibid. Ceratum Oesypatum or the Cerate of wools grease pag. 713 Cerat refrig Galeni or Galen 's cooling Cerate pag. 711 Cerat Santalinum or the Cerate of Saunders Ibid. Cerat Stomachicum or a Cerate for the Stomach pag. 712 The form of a Cerecloth must be according to the part affected pag. 123 Cerus what it is pag. 432 How to make it Ibid. It s preparation pag. 433 Its Lotion pag. 53 Its burning pag. 68 Ceterach its description and vertues pag. 235 Chalk pag. 423 Chalcus pag. 135 Chamelaea pag. 267 Chamaeleon thistle pag. 333 Characters of Paracelsus are the Medicines of the Devil pag. 159 Cheme pag. 136 Cherries pag. 378 How to preserve them pag. 540 Chymical Extracts pag. 79 Chymists Opinion of the purging faculty pag. 14 Chymists Philosophical month pag. 72 Their menstruum Ibid. China root pag. 289 Its vertues pag. 290 Chrystal pag. 422 Chrysocolla pag. 399 How to burn it pag. 69 Chrysolapis pag. 420 Cicers pag. 365 Cinaberis pag. 408 Cinamon its kindes pag. 277 Cinamon water pag. 734 How it may be adulterated pag. 158 Cinkfoil pag. 361 Circulation pag. 92 Cistern-waters why unwholsome pag. 218 Cistus its description pag. 391 Citrons pag. 373 How to candy their peels pag. 543 Citruls pag. 241 Civet pag. 451 Claret pag. 734 Against the Stone pag. 735 Clarification how many ways it is made pag. 84 85 Clary its description and vertues pag. 32 Cleavers pag. 361 Cloves pag. 280 How they may be adulterated pag. 158 Cochlearium pag. 136 Coccus Baphicus pag. 284 Cocks-combe rosted for what pag. 16 Coction what it is pag. 64 The order and time pag. 65 Cohobation pag. 92 Colchicum how it differs from Hermodacts pag. 262 Collation pag. 82 Collocation pag. 86 How many wayes it may be acquired Ibid. Colyries their difference Dry Colyries Ibid. Their matter Ibid. A Colyry for the Scab of the Eye-lid pag. 196 To quicken sight pag. 195 To cool the Eye pag. 196 To dry the Rheume Ibid. A Colyry of Lead Ibid. Of Lanfrancus Ibid. Colophony pag. 377 Coloquintida pag. 266 How it may easily be powdered pag. 57 Colwort pag. 358 Coltsfoot pag. 359 How to preserve the leaves pag. 544 Common Grass pag. 304 Comfrey pag. 350 How to candy the roots pag. 547 Composition of Medicaments why pag. 97 The end thereof pag. 94 Compounds why termed simples pag. 76 Concha pag. 137 Condites their matter pag. 169 Conditures pag. 87 A cordial Condite pag. 169 How it differs from regal paste Ibid. Why made pag. 169 Condites in general pag. 106 Liquid Condites Ibid. Congius pag. 137 Confectio Alkermes pag. 615 Its vertue pag. 616 Conf. de baccis Lauri or the Confection of Bayberries pag. 618 Conf. de Dactylis or the Confection of Dates pag. 559 Conf. Hamech pag. 562 Conf. de Hyacintho or the Confection of the Hyacinth pag. 656 Conf. de Rebecha pag. 614 Conserves why to be infolated pag. 71 Their difference pag. 104 Conserve of Balm pag. 539 Of Betony Ibid. Of Borage pag. 538 Of Bugloss pag. 537 Of the Flowers of Mallows pag. 537 Of water-Lillies pag. 538 Of Rosemary-Flowers pag. 539 Of Roses pag. 536 How it is to be made pag. 105 How to be made red Ibid. Of dried Roses pag. 536 Of dryed Roses pag. 536 Of Sage pag. 539 Of Staechados Ibid. Of Violets pag. 536 Contemptible things procure health pag. 2 One contrary is opposed to another pag. 8 Copper pag. 427 Coral pag. 406 407 Cordial waters what they are and how many pag. 150 Cordial flowers what they are their vertues pag. 227 Coriander pag. 337 How to prepare the Seed pag. 66 Cornel Tree pag. 376 Cowslips pag. 357 Costus bitter sweet pag. 274 Its succidany Ibid. Crabs pag. 464 How to burn them pag. 68 The propriety of their ashes pag. 12 Cranes Bill pag. 329 Cribration pag. 81 Its use Ibid. Crocus Martis pag. 610 Whence it hath its name Ibid. The divers preparations of it pag. 611 Crude Unguent of what it consists pag. 87 Various Opinions about it Ibid. Cubebs pag. 281 Cucumber pag. 241 Wild Cucumber pag. 266 Culeus pag. 137 Cumin pag. 245 Curands pag. 386 How to candy them pag. 541 Custome of leacherous courtiers pag. 86 Cyathus pag. 137 Cyperus pag. 297 Cypress Nuts pag. 389 Paracelsus his Opinion of them Ibid. D. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pag. 79 Damask Powder various descriptions thereof pag. 122 213 Damasens pag. 377 Dandilyon pag. 243 Darius his esteem of Medicine pag. 2 Dates which are the best pag. 382 How long they are to be macerated pag. 59 Decoctions that are to be drunk are not to be ungrateful pag. 161 Their frequent use Ibid. What water is required to a Decoction pag. 162 What Decoctions are most usual pag. 161 A pectoral Decoction pag. 163 Common Decoction for Glysters pag. 183 A common Medicinal Decoction pag. 162 Defrutum what it is how made pag. 104 Every degree hath three parts pag. 153 When that in the fourth degree may be taken in such a quantity as it may onely calefie in the third pag. 152 Denarius pag. 104 Dentals whence they have their name pag. 460 Dentifrices their various forms pag. 211 Distillation what it is pag. 88 Why so called pag. 89 The variety thereof pag. 90 Sometimes made without heat pag. 91 Some require a retort pag. 92 Distillation by descent pag. 90 In dung pag. 91 Distillations of Oyl by descent Ibid. By Transudation Ibid. By Inclination pag. 92 By the heat of the Sun pag. 91 How distilled waters are to be insolated pag. 90 A distilled Restorative pag. 168 Devils how they come to be invocated by men pag. 21 Devils Milk pag. 261 How to prepare it pag. 562 Diabalzemer pag. 564 Diacalaminthes pag. 607 Diacalcitheos pag. 722 Diacartbamum pag. 571 Diacassia pag. 554 Diacatholicon simplex pag.
binding our Apothecaries have seldom the right Acatia but instead thereof use the juyce of Sloes Accended burned Access a fit of an Ague Gout c. Accelerator in plain English an hastener Physically it is used for the Muscle that opens the passage of the Seed and Urine Acerb sowr or sharp Acetum Vinegar of Beer Acetaries Sallets or Herbs mixed with Vinegar to stir up appetite Acetum Vini Vinegar of Wine Acetum destillatum Distilled Vinegar Acetabula see Cotylidones Achor vel tinea or scald-head is a Disease possessing the musculous skin of the head or hairy scalp and eating thereinto like a Moth. Accidents something necessarily accompanying a Disease Acquires obtains Acrimony sharpness or freting of any sharp or corrosive water or humour of the body Aconite a venemous herb having a root like to a Scorpion shining within like Alabaster Acuminated sharp pointed Acute Diseases such as are sharp and violent but of short continuance Adamant A pretious stone commonly called a Diamond brought from Arabia and Cyprus It s the hardest of all stones insomuch that it cutteth Glass and yieldeth neither to the hammer nor fire yet it may be dissolved with warme Goats-blood Adeps farness Adjacent neer adjoyning Adjection casting or adding to Adimpleates fills up Adjuvant causes such as are subservient to the principal causes Adjument help and relief Adjuncts qualities dispositions and symptomes annexed to a Disease Adjutorious helpful Admixtion mingling together Adscitious false counterfeit Adulation flattery Adust the blood is then said to be adust when by reason of extraordinary heat the thinner parts are evaporated and the thicker remain black and dreggy Adustion burning of the blood Adulterate corrupt or counterfeit Adventitious not natural but proceeding from some Cause existing without the proper body Adstriction binding or shutting up the pores of the skin Aegilops fistala lacrymalis a tumor in the great corner of the Eye by the root of the Nose Aeftuary an hot-house or Stove Affectus unimi affectionis motions or passions of the mind Affected troubled or distempered Afflux flowing to any particular part Agaric a kind of Mushrom or Toad-stool of great use in Physick it grows upon the Larch tree in Italy and is white light brittle and spungeous it purgeth phlegm and opens obstructions in the Liver Agitation shaking any liquor together in a glass Ahenum a brass skillet with a cover Ablution is exaltation clensing impure things by often infusion reducing them to purity Albation is the abstraction of Dust moths gret cleaving to a thing with a Hares foot feather spather or such like Albugo is the white spot in the Eye called pin and web Alacrity chearfulness Alchimy is an art dissolving natural congealed substances and likewise congealed substances dissolved for the more grateful wholsom safe preparing of Medicines for mans body an art which produces magisterial and essential medicines from mixed bodies Alkakengie winter Cherries the red round berries whereof are good against obstructions of the Liver the stone and divers diseases of the Kidnies and Bladder Alcolismus is an operation by calcination ribellation and other means which reduceth a matter into Allcool the finest pouder that is Alexipharmaca Medicines to resist the plague and poyson Aliment food nourishment Aliotica altering Medicines Alopecia a falling off of the hair Alumen raw Allum Alamen combustum burnt Allum Aloes Zoccatrina it s brought from India the best is clear and red like the liver it s an excellent medicine to purge choler and proper to be taken by them that are troubled with the Emrods Allantois the skin that holds the Urine of the Child during the time it abides in the womb Allauded praised commended Alteratives medicines changing the humor and temper of the body Amalgamation is the putting together solution or calcination of familiar vessels by argentum vivum Amaritude bitterness Amaurosis Gutta serena A disease in the eyes viz. when the sight is gone and no fault to be seen Ammoniac a gum like frankincense so called because it grows in Lybia where the Temple of Ammon stood Hence is also a Salt so called found in Affrick under the sand Amnios the inner skin that compasseth the Child round in the womb Amputation dismembring or cutting off the arm leg c. Amulet any thing hang'd about the neck to preserve one from inchantment Analeptica restorative Medicines Analogical answerable in every particular Anastomasis an opening of the mouths of the veins Anastomaticum Medicine opening obstructions Anatomy is an artificial cutting of the outward inward parts Aneurism a swelling caused by the breaking the internal coat of an Artery the external being whole Anfractures turning and winding Angina a swelling in the throat which hinders breathing and swallowing and yet no defect in the lungs or breasts Animosity courage stoutness Anodines Medicines to aswage pain Anorexia a loathing of meat caus'd from abundance of crude and raw humors Anthera a Compound medicine used for sore mouths Anthrax a Carbuncle coming from blood which is black thick and filthy burning exceeding hot Anthonies fire the shingles Antidote a Medicine against poyson or any medicine which serves to amend any distemper of the body Antimony a Mineral like to Lead Antimonii vitrum Glass of Antimony or Stibium Antimonii Regulus Antimony preciptiate Antinomasia a naming before or that of any sort which is most excellent as Barbary gold Orient pearl c. Anus the fundament Apertion opening Apophlegmatisms Medicines which draw Flegm from the head Apoplexy a deep steep wherein there is a total privation of sense and motion except breathing Apostema Hepatis the Aposthume of the Liver which comes from a fall bruise or being too strait laced Appellations Names Apothects an Apothecaries-shop Apozem a Drink made with Water and divers herbs and spices used in stead of a syrup A prique place where the Sun shines Appropinquating adjoyning bordering near Neighbourhood Aptha certain Ulcers bred in the uppermost part of the mouth Aqua fortis strong Water made of Copperas Allum and salt-peter Aqua Regis a Water which divides Gold made after the manner of Aqua fortis only adding sal Armoniack Aquatical Which grows in the Water Aranea tunica the cobweb coat or tunicle Arbuscle a little shrub Arceates drives away Ardent burning or heating Arid dry Aromata Spices and sweet-smelling drugs or perfumes Aromatical smelling sweet like spice Aromatized spiced or perfumed Aromatization is an artificial manner of preparation whereby Medicaments are made more sweet to the smell and acceptable to the taste and more comfortable to the heart it is done by spices commonly Arsenicum Arsenick many wayes a good healer Arteries proceed from the heart are in a continual motion quicken the body they carry the vital blood to every part of the body their motion is that which is called the Pulse you may feel it at your Temples Wrist Groin c. Arthetical Medicines proper for the joynts especially for the heart Arthritis is a pain in the joynts
chusing of simples according to time and season Electuary a soft form of medicine made sometimes purging sometimes not Elephantiasis a kind of white scals or leprosie over the whole body of the patient making it like the side of an elephant Elevation is when subtil things are forced from those which are thick Elicite make choice of Elixar a quintessense or medicinal liquor refined by distillation to the highest purity and exalted to its utmost degree of vertue Elixation gentle boyling by a moderate heat Elution the preparation of common Bole by pulverization calcination lotion c. as Talcum Crocus martis Terra-lemnia Emanates proceeds from Embrocated moistened sprinckled wash'd or bathed Emends cures or takes away Emetos or Emesia vomiting a depraved motion of the stomach Emetica vomiting Medicines Emphrastica medicines that clog up the pores of the skin by their clamminess Empirick a Mountebank or Quacksalver that administreth Physick without any regard to rule or art Emollient softening or dissolving oyntments Emollition a softening by steeping Emollient herbs are four mallows marsh-mallows black violet and bears breech Empasms medicinal pouders used to allay inflamations and to scarifie the extremity of the skin Emplasters are a Composition of several Simples for several diseases according to the Physitians discretion Emplaistick medicines all such kind of food which is of a clammy glutinous substance Empneumasis Windiness in the stomach Emprostotonos A kind of Cramp Empyema corruption or quittour lying between the Breast and Lungs after a plurisie Empyici are such as have an imposthume or bladder broken in the side of the Lungs Emulgent veins those passages whereby the wheyish excrements of the bloud is conveyed through the kidneys into the bladder Emulsions the steeping or dissolution by steeping of any seeds or kernels in liquor till it come to the thickness of a jelly Emunctories certain passages whereby nature clenseth the body from many hurtful peccant humors which are certain kernels in the groins and under the arms where risings most commonly happen in pestilential and venemous diseases Enecated killed Eneorema the clouds that hang in distilled waters or in urins especially when the Disease is breaking away Energetical very forcible and strong Enchanthis an immoderate encrease and swelling of the caruncle or little flesh in the corner of the eye coming from the abundance of bloud in that part Encomium praise commendation Entrals the bowels Euntiates signifies Ephemera febris a light Fever that lasts but one day Ephractica medicines opening the pores of the skin Epicrasis a leasurely evacuacuation of evil humors Epidemical diseases are such as are universally spread over a whole Nation or Country such are the plague small pox fluxes sweating sicknesse c. Epidemia the plague Epiglottis is a gristle and a cover of the cleft of the Larynx made to fall upon it when we swallow that nothing should slip into the weason Epilepsia the falling sickness which is a convulsion of the whole body not continually but by fits with an hinderance both of the mind and senses Epiphora involuntary weeping Epispastick blistering plaisters or any other strong drawing plaister they are also called vesicatories Epithems bags of dried herbs pouders or spices sometimes moistened with rose-water wine or vinegar sometimes applied dry to the region of the stomach heart liver spleen or brain Epuloticks pouders or other medicines that dry up ulcers and sores Eradicate plucked up by the roots Eraded scraped off or raked away Erector in plain english A lifter up physically the muscle that makes the yard to stand Eroded rusted canker'd or eaten asunder Erumnies griefs miseries Errhins sneezing medicines to be snuft up into the head to purge the brain Erugates Takes away wrinckles Eruption a breaking or bursting out Erysipelas chollerick humors or swellings Escheoticks potential cauteries see Cauteries Esculents whatever things may be eaten Essences or chymical extracts being the most refined and spiritual part of any matter or substance Essential accidents of a Disease without which they could not be said to be as heat in a Fever leanness in a Consumption c. Eviscerate to unbowel or draw out the bowels Euphorpium a gum or tear of a strange Plant growing on the mount Atlas in Libia its yellow clear and brittle it 's good against palsies and shrinking of sinews Exhalation is when the spirit of any matter solid or in pouder is lifted up through heat and vanisheth into the air Evacuation purging or discharging the body of what is dangerous or superfluous Evaporation consumption by steem caused by a gentle heat in evaporations of liquors the flatter broader your vessel is that holds your liquor the sooner will the Operation be effected Eventilated fanned cooled or clensed by the wind as musty corn is made sweet by casting to and again abroad in the air Euchima good blood or a good habit of body Evocative that calls forth or brings forth any offensive matter or humor Euphony sound pronuntiaon Exacts drives away Exanthemata the small pox are pustules and the measles spots which arise in the top of the skin from the impurity of the corrupt bloud sent thither by force of nature Exaltation a chymical preparation whereby any thing is brought to its highest vertue and purity Exanimate drive out the life Exiccate to make dry or dry up Exasperate provoked to be more painful fell and angry than before Excavated hollow Excite stir up provokes Excrement the dregs or residence of the nourishment of the body voyded by dung sweat and urine Excrementitious that which is mixed with any impure or unnecessary excrementitious humor Excorticated fleyed or pieled Excreta things voided out of the body Exenterated having the bowels plucked out Exestuate destroy the heat of any part Exhalation vapors drawn by the Sun upwards off the face of the earth and waters Exhausted drawn dry spent Exhibited given administred Exhilerate make chearful enlighten revive Exiccation drying Exigent a streight or necessity an eminent peril Exiguity meanness littleness smalness Eximious excellent eminent exceeding admirable great Exonerate disburthen discharge Exotick strange forreign Expetible desirable worthy to be wish'd for or sought after Expel to drive forth Expectorate to help an easie spitting out of flegm Expressed squeezed out Expletes empties Expulsion the driving forth of excrements dung urine sweat or any hurtful humor offending the body Expurged clensed Exquisite perfectly perfect Extension stretching forth Extenuation leanness a consumption Extergeth clenseth Extinct dead or put out like a candle Extraction pulling or drawing out Extranous strange forreign from without Extrinsecal from without Extruct build set up Extrudes drives out Exucce without juyce Exulcerate make sore Exuperant over abounding exceeding F Fabrick the whole composition or frame of the body Fabrication building Factitious counterfeit Faculty of a medicine is a certain cause or quality whereon its properaction or vertue depends as the faculty of Aloes is to purge Faex vini the lees of wine Fames Canina Boulimia dogs appetite
plaisters being of a gentle drying clensing binding nature Lithiasis the Disease of the stone engendered in a mans body Lithontribon a Confection of the Apothecaries so called because it drives away and breaks the stone in a mans body Lithontriptica Medicines breaking the stone in the Bladder Lixivium see Lucinium Lixive Lee. Loches or Child-bed purgations and immoderate flux caused from the over-wide opening of the vessels or their tearing in hard travel Loch Lohoch or Linctus is a thick syrup or other soft substance not to be swallowed but let melt in the mouth that so it may gently slide down and thereby have the more vertue against diseases of the breast lungs and throat Longanum the arse-gut Longaevity long life or old age Lotion a preparing of medicines or washing Loture the washings or water wherein any thing that leaves a taste or tincture behind it hath been washed Lozenges little tablets made up of several things with sugar to lie and melt in the mouth taken for colds Lubricating making slippery loosening Lues a plague or pestilence Lues venerea the French pox a plague containing all diseases in one and seldom cured perfectly Lucinium lixivum lye made of ashes which is profitable in healing outwardly and inwardly the best in caustick medicines Lunacy a disease wherein the patient is distracted at certain times of the Moon Lutation is a medicine thick or thin according to the heat and continuance of the fire which exactly stops the mouth of the vessel that no vapor pass out Lutetia Paris Luxation a loosening of the joynts Lycium a decoction made of the juyce or decoction of the bramble root Lysiponium medicines mitigating pain M Maceration steeping or soaking any thing in liquor till it be almost dissolved Macerated steeped Macilent lean slender Madefaction weting or making wet Madid moist wet Magistral syrup is a particular syrup prescribed by a skilful Physitian to his patient for a particular disease Malacia Pica a corrupt appetite by reason of humors gathered about the mouth of the stomach which is the cause of longings in women Malaxation softening loosening Malcolent that hath an ill smell Malignant medicaments violent pernicious unwholsome destructive medicines Malleable abiding the Hammer or Mallet or which may be wrought or beaten therewith Mamillary veins passages from the Womb to the breasts serving to convey the menstrual bloud thither to be converted into milk Manducated chewed Manna a kind of sweet dew like sugar Mania madness a doting without a fever with raging and fury Maniple an handful of herbs flowers roots and such like things Mansuete tame Manus Christi sugar boyled with rose-Rose-water without putting any thing else to it it may be made with violet water or cinnamon water Mandrake a forrein plant bearing yellow round Apples the root of this herb is great and white like a Parship growing in two branches like the legs of a Woman which gives opportunity to Jugglers to Counterfeit obscene beastly Images therewith the root especially the bark is extreme cold and dry even to the fourth degree it is therefore very dangerous to be taken inward it 's usually given to cast people into a dead sleep when they are to be dismembered or cut of the stone Marchasia minerals which are unprepared as silver oar lead oar c. Marchasite a stone participating with the nature of some metal yet in some small quantity that the metal cannot be melted from it but will vapour away in smoak the stone turning to ashes These Marchasites are commonly in colour like the metal mixed with them whether it be gold silver brass or any other Some call any stone out of which fire may be struck a Marchasite Marcid musty unwholsome stinking nasty Marcor corruption rottenness Margarites the fairest sorts of pearls Mariscus the Piles Mastick a white and clear gum of a sweet savor it grows on the Lentisk tree in the Island of Chios it 's temperate in heat and of a dry binding nature whereby it strengthens the stomach stayes vomiting and stops any issue of bloud it 's good to rub the teeth to fasten them and make them white Masticatories medicines to be chewed to bring away Rheum from malignity the venemous or poysonful quality of certain Humors and Diseases which makes them for the most part deadly Matter or Quittour the white thick filth that issues from sores and ulcers when they are on the mending hand Matrix Mediana vena the Median vein Matrix the Womb or place of Conception Maturity ripeness Measles a kind of small pox which arises from the impurities of the Mothers bloud Mechoacan a whitish root brought out of India called by some Indian or white Rhubarb it 's hot in the first and dry in the second degree and purgeth all humors of what kind soever with much ease it clenseth and comforteth the liver and all inward parts Mediastinum so called because it mediateth or divideth the chest in the midst Medicamen de Turbith a purging medicine Medick Physitian an abbreviation of the Latin word medicus Medium whatever is transparent or may be seen through is called a medium to the sight principally the air as its either thick or thin also glass water horn are called mediums when question is of seeing through them Medulla pith marrow Mel Honey is laxative clensing softening and healing Melancholia a melancholy kind of madness a doting without a fever with fear and sadness Melanogogon purgers of Melancholy Melitites honyed Wine Mellifluous sweet as hony Membrane a fleshy skin a coat serving as a coat for the arteries and veins Membranous skinny substances like parchment Meninges the films or Tunicles which are the coverings or coats wherein the brain is contained Menstruous a Woman which hath upon her her monthly flowers or which belongeth to them Mercury and Mercurial purges such as are made of Quicksilver chymically prepared Mercurius Quicksilver like a seeming friend which heals and kills Mercurius praecipitatus and sublimatus Mercury precipitate and sublimate Mercurius solis mercury of gold I shall leave the description hereof to the Philosophers by the fire Mercurius Lunae mercury of silver Mercurius martis mercury of iron Mercurius jovis mercury of tin Mercurius saturni mercury of lead Mercury is a liquid substance sowr or sharp volatile penetrable airy and most pure from which all nourishment proceeds Meri Arabum Oesephagus the mouth of the stomach Mesentery the skin which holds the guts together and runs along amongst them full of fatty knobs Metra Hippocratis uterus the Womb. Metrenchyta an instrument to inject liquid medicines into the Womb. Michleta the name of a Confection so called Microcosmographia a description of the body of man Microcosmus it properly signifies a little World but it 's commonly used to signifie a man who in himself hath something or other answering to any part of the great World Mictus sanguinis is a disease of the Reins through which thin wheyish bloud is passed Midriasis is the dilatation
made of Apples Pomatum a drink made of Apples Ponderous weighty Pontian Wormwood see Wormwood Poplitis vena the vein of a mans ham behind the leg Populaeon an oyntment in the shops made of poplar Pores the skin is full of small unperceivable little holes whereby sweat and vapors exhale from the body Poros that matter which consolidateth the broken bones within Posca a kind of small houshold Wine mixed with Water in the press Potent powerful Potential that is any thing in quality hot or cold or burning opposed to actual as a red hot iron is actually burning Potible that which may be drunk Precided cut off Praecipitation is when bodies dissolved in Aqua fortis into Water and Mercury cast upon them and beaten into ashes they are made perfect medicines Praecipitated thrown headlong Praeforations stoppings Praeparation of humors is to make them fit for expulsion and consists in separating them from the mâ—ss of good bloud or in thickening them if they are too thin or in thinning them if too thick Praeposterous out of season unhandsome unseemly disorderly Praepetent strong effectual potent above or before others Praesidies auxiliary forces helps by the by Praesidy help comfort c. Pregnant big with child Prepuce the fore-skin of a mans yard which the Jewes used to cut off in Circumcision Praestigiators cozeners cheaters Preternatural contrary or besides the course of nature Privation God knows what it is there is no such thing in nature Probable likely to come to pass Procatarctick Causes the primary first working or moving Causes as in a Fever the next immediate moving Cause is putrefied Choller c. but the first working and occasional Cause was the patients taking cold or by swimming in cold water whereby the pores became shut and so the matter of the Disease inflamed by being pent up in the body Procerity height Procidentia Ani the falling down of the fundament which is very frequent in children Procidious ready to fall out Profligation the overthrowing driving away or bringing any thing to destruction Profluvio sanguinis ex naribus flux of bloud at the nose Profound deep subtilly learned Prognosis the fore-knowledge of a disease Prognosticks of diseases signs foretelling what will be the event of any particular disease or if the patient shall recover or not Projects cast forth Propomates all kind of drinks made with sugar and hony Prostates the kernels which keep the seed after the stones have flnish'd it Propriety a pain by propriety is when the cause of the pain is in the part pained as when the head-ach comes from the humors in the head it 's called a pain by propriety when it proceeds of vapors sent up from the stomach or any other part it 's called head-ach by consent or sympathy Protopium Wine new pressed out of the grape Protraction is the lengthening out of the disease and making it last long as most of those you call Doctors are wont to do to get the more fees from their patients purses Protrusion casting out Pryapismus an unnatural standing of the yard without any desire to generation Pseudo-medick a false physitian or counterfeit Empirick Psilothers medicines to take off hair from any part of the body Psora Plinit sera scabies a certain kind of scurvy itch so called Pterygium or Haw in the eyes called Unguis is a hard nervous little membrane which coms out of the great corner of the eye covers the white and after by continuance the black and covering the pupilla hindereth the sight Pthiriasis morbus pedicularis the louzy disease Ptisan a Decoction of Barly Pubes the hairy hillock above the privities in men and women the word signifies ripeness because that hair being grown out shews the party to be fit for Generation Pugil as much in quantity as may be taken up between the three fore fingers and the thumb Pulsation beating of the arteries in any part of the body Pulse beans pease vetches c. Pulverization bringing to pouder Pupil of the eye is the round black spot in the middle which we commonly call the sight or apple of the eye pulchritude beauty Pulverable hard things as oyster-shells brought to pouder Purgation is the clensing of impure liquor having a thick sediment and froth by Decoction Putrefaction dissolving or opening of mixed mineral bodies by a natural warmth and moist putrefaction viz. by horse dung and Balneum Mariae Putretude filthiness Purilence the dissolution of any thing into a thick slimy substance Pyramis a geometrical figure broad at bottom and growing less and less towards the top till it end in a point the Sepulchers of the Egyptian Kings were of this form and therefore called pyramides Pyroticks Causticks burning medicines as the name imports Q Quartation is the separation of gold and silver mixt together by four unequal parts Quinque-angular five corner'd Quinta Essentia is an absolute pure and well digested medicine drawn from any substance either animal vegetable or mineral Quittour matter Quotidiana a daily Ague commonly call'd a Quotidian Ague R Radical moisture the fundamental juyce of the body whereby the natural heat is nourished and preserveed as the flame in a Lamp is preserved by oyle Ramex varicosus a Rupture of swollen bones Ranula a swelling under the tongue in that part whereby it is bound to the ligament it is oftentimes so large that it is seen above the lower teeth Rarefaction making thin Rasion rasping shreding or fileing Recenseate reckon up Recency newness Recipient part is that part which receives the offending humor Recruted repaired restored made up it 's a term in the Art Military Rectification when the distilled liquor is oftentimes distill'd over again Redacted brought constrained reduced Reduced brought back again Reduction the restauration of any thing that hath suffered a change or alteration to its former condition Reduplicated often doubled or repeated Refaricated stuffed quilted Referted replenished well furnished Reflux flowing back again Reficiates amends comforts Refocilate refresh revive Refractions the breaking of the representations in visible objects it 's a term in Opticks Refragates contradicts gainsayes Refrigeration cooling Refrigeratory is in general any plate or vessel used for cooling particularly it is taken for a vessel like a pail placed about the head of an Alembeck of Copper or Pewter and is used to be filled with cold Water that so the Still-head may not grow hot but that the Spirits which in distillation ascend up may the more easily be made thick and turned back into the Receiver which otherwise would be dispersed and consumed Relax is used sometimes to signifie the loosening of the belly Relaxing flakening unbinding Remitted lessened abated eased pardoned Renovation a renewing Repelled driven away Repercussives medicines which are applied to drive back the humors from a diseased part Repletion too great an abundance or fulness of bloud and humors Reposed laid up to lie a great while Represses restrains Reptant creeping Repullulate bud or spring again Repurgation the purging of
expose to the air that it may dry and repose for use This Cloth is partly Sarcotical partly Collective and Epulotical that is it generates flesh agglutinates siccates and heals wounds and Ulcers it stayes fluxions and roborates the parts whereunto it is adhibited He that would have more descriptions of Sparadrappes may reade the last Chapter of the second Section of our fifth Book of Institutions There may as many Sparadrappes be made by Art as Emplaisters We have omitted some few Salves as such as we could either not approve of or disallow of or else such as were more then supplyed in those we have described For the use of the Salves of Barbary and Diaphoenician is quite decayed the Apostolical Salve is seldome made and he that hath the Divinum may well be without it as he that hath Oxycroecum without Ceroneum We have given the best and most useful not onely of Salves but also of other Medicaments for internal assumption and external adhibition All which if an Apothecary will make and keep in his Shop he shall not want any thing for the expugnation of Diseases Finis Libri Sexti AN APPENDIX Of some Medicinal Waters made by Art BEsides simple distilled Waters some others are kept in Pharmacopolies more compositious whose use is commendable in many things and that not onely in external adhibitions but internal assumptions also to correct distempers roborate the parts and erect the faculties Of which sort these are the most usual and eximious which lest any thing necessary should be wanting we have here subjoyned beginning with such as are introsumed Aqua Theriacalis or A Theriacal Water ℞ of the roots of Enula-campane Tormentil Angelica Masterwort of each ℥ j. Cypress Orris of eachʒ vj. Setwel the Pills of Citron and Orange Cinamon Cloves the seeds of Carduus Ivy-berries and Juniper of each ℥ ss Dittany Scordium Balm Marigolds of each m. ss Macerate them a whole day upon hot embers in a vessel well covered with lb vj. of white-wine the next day adde of the decoction of Goats-beard Betony and Water-lillies lb ij afterwards boyl them a little upon a gentle fire In which dissolve Treacle ℥ iiij afterwards put them into an Alembick and distil it in a Bath There is no Theriacal and Alexiterial Water better Vires or more efficacious then this for it doth not onely recreate the faculties but oppugn and extinguish all pestilent and venenate qualities It cures the Syncope Palpitation Swounding Vertigo Lethargie Epilepsie Apoplexy and Palsey Aqua Theriacalis alia or Another Theriacal Water more easie to make ℞ of the roots of Enula-campane Angelica of each ℥ iiij Carduus-seed Cloves Juniper-berries of each ℥ j. Scordium Vipers Bugloss Goatheard Marjoram Balm Betony of each m.j. boyl them in water to lb iiij in which infuse for a whole day and half Mithridate and Treacle of each ℥ ij put them into an Alembick and distil of the water according to Art Its faculties are affine to but more imbecile then those of the former not onely Pharmacopolists but also any one may make it for it consists but of a few things and they easily compassable Aqua Cinamomi or Cinamon-Water ℞ of the best Cinamon bruised lb ss of the best Rose-water and generous white-wine of each lb j. mingle them letting them stand in a fit vessel for two dayes well covered afterwards distilled off according to Art and let the Water be preserved All do not consent about the proportion of Cinamon to Wine and Rose-water for some put twice as much wine and four times as much Rose-water as Cinamon others put water and wine in equal quantity wherein they macerate Cinamon and distil the whole which is the most usual and best way This water accelerates Birth expels Secunds moves fluors recreates the faculties and discusses flatulency Aqua vulgo Clareta dicitur or The Water commonly called A Claret ℞ of Mace Cloves Cinamon of each ℥ j. Galangal ℥ ss Cardamomes Squinant of eachʒ ij Gingerʒ ss infuse them in Aqua-vitae lb j. in a Bath for 24 hours the waters of Wormwood and Roses of each lb ss Sugar ℥ viij let them be trajected three or four times thorow Hippocrates his Sleeve and make thereof a Claret which keep in a fit Bottle It roborates the stomach helps coction discusses flatulency corrects the cold distemper of the nutritive parts restitutes the hearts strength and erects the faculties Claretc alia or Another Claret ℞ of the roots of both Pyonies Missletoe of each ℥ ij the wood of Bayes and Lentisk of each ℥ ss the flowers of Betony Sage and Rosemary of each p. ij macerate them a whole day in lb j. ss of white-wine and lb ss of Balm-water and afterwards distilled and in the distilledwater macerate Cinamon ℥ j. Sugar-Candy ℥ v. which strain and keep This doth most admirably help for the cure of the Epilepsie Lethargie Palsey Apoplexy and other cold affections of the Brain and Nerves Clareta alia or Yet another Claret ℞ of the Waters of Balm and Coltsfoot Put the sugar in a bladder and hang the bladder in water and it will dissolve it of each lb ss infuse therein a whole night Enula-campane ℈ ij Orrisʒ j. Cinamon ℈ iiij make an expression and filtrate it adding dissolved or liquid Sugar-Candy ℥ iij. which after a little insolation put up It hath an excellent faculty in curing difficulty of breathing coughs from a cold cause and 〈…〉 for it incides attenuates cocts and moves spittle The ardent Syrupe is made of Sugar diluted in Aqua-vitae accended for after its conflagration the liquor that is left is oleous and of the spissitude of a Syrupe Clareta vulgaris or The vulgar Claret ℞ of the best Aqua-vitae lb ss of red Rose-water ℥ iiij Sugar ℥ iij. Cinamon ℥ j. traject them three or four times through Hippocrates his Sleeve and make thereof a Claret This Claret is most grateful recreating the heart and principal parts fomenting innate calour and discussing flatulency Aqua contra Calculum or A Water against the Stone ℞ of the roots of Smallage Restharrow Sea-holly Radish cut in slices of each ℥ ij Bean-cods ℥ iij. all the Saxifrages Sea-Rattlegrass Pimpinel Bishopweed tops of Marshmallows of each m. ij Winter-cherries Red Cicers the seed of Grumwel of each ℥ ij Citrons cut orbicularly num iij. macerate them a whole day in a sufficient quantity of white-wine afterwards distil it and put to the distilled water a little Oyl of Vitriol to make it more acid to the gust This water is eximious in breaking and expelling the Stone moving Urine and Fluors accelerating Birth attenuating viscid humours and removing obstructions two spoonfuls or thereabouts according to the age and strength of the assument should be taken in the morning fasting or long after meat Aqua ad Gonorrheam or A Water for the flux of Sperm ℞ of Bears-breech Garden-dock cut small tops of Marshmallows of each m.ij. the flowers of Water-Lillies m.i j.
Linseed Hawthornseed of each â„¥ j. ss the four greater cool seeds of each â„¥ j. macerated a whole day in Asses or Heifers Milk afterwards distilled in a Bath It leniates takes away acrimony purges the Reins Ureters and Seminaries from filth and emends their distempers Of Topical Waters or such as are externally adhibited Aqua Ophthalmica or A Water for the Eyes â„ž of the Juyces of Salendine Fennel Rue Smallage and Clary of of each lb ss Honey â„¥ iij. Goats-Gall â„¥ j. the Galls of Cocks and Capons of each â„¥ ss AleesÊ’ vj. Cloves Nutmegs Sarcocolla of eachÊ’ ij put them into an Alembick and distil of the Water according to Art This cures many ocular affections as hebetude dulness and debility of fight Aqua Communitatis or The Water of Community â„ž Eyebright m.ij. Salendine Vervine Betony Groundpine Dill tops of Clary * * * Redflowered Pimpinel Bishopsweed Avens of each m.j. Rosemary m. ss Long-Pepper Ê’ ij Macerate them in white-wine for a whole day and then distil of the Water It is called the Water of Community because it is common and should not be wanting in any house It cures imbecility of sight deterges the eyes from filth takes away spots or Pearls cures Ulcers hinders suffusion of blood augments the clarity of the eye and roborates it Aqua ad Epiphoram oculorum ruborem or A Water for the dropping and redness of the Eyes â„ž White-wine Rose-water of each lb ss Tutty prepared â„¥ j. Powder of Mace â„¥ ss Let these be mingled in a Vial well stopped and insolated for three weeks It deleates the redness of the eyes exsiccates tears roborates the Tunicles and cures its Ulcers Aqua Calcis or Water of Lime THe Water wherein Chalk or Lime hath been often extinguished is thence called Aqua Calcis it is very eximious in curing many Cankerous and Dysepulotical Ulcers which seeing it may easily be made at any time needs no farther description Aqua Fortis AQua Fortis appertains rather to Goldsmiths then Apothecaries which they use in separating Silver from Gold and thence called The Separatory Water in French Eau de depart for it melts the Silver and moves not the Gold Now that same which they have once used and that hath admitted of a portion of water or is become ignave and of an azure colour is commonly called Aqua secunda which all Chirurgeons keep for the Praesidy of such as have got the Plague of Venery It is made of Vitriol and Saltpeter included and closely shut in a Morter or other fit vessel well bedawbed into which Spirits are forced by the fire Another sort is made of Auripigment Salnitre the flour of Brass and Rock-Alome which I leave to such as use it De Aquis Comptoriis seu Fucatoriis or Of Comptory or Ornatory Waters I Cannot think that pulchritude or deformity of Body conduce any thing to the probity or improbity of manners for many more deformed then Thersites have been famous and many more beautiful then Adonis infamous I have also known many deformed women impious to purpose But I purpose not to exhibit Paints to these nor Comptory Waters to toothless old Hags to erugate or emend their Faces herein following the prudence of Galen though a Pagan who disallows of not onely the Painting of Faces but the Tinctures of Hair professing that he never exhibited any thing of that nature to such as took more delight in Ornaments then Health Our Antidotary then shall want these nefarious Medicaments wherewith Harlots incite and deceive Youngsters for this Fucatory Art we see is exercised by none but some Juglers and vafrous Knaves who seeking secretly to pick a Whores Purse promise her Oyl of Talkum which they never saw wherewith she may not onely erugate her Face but restore her self to Youth again and then exhibit two Unguents the one Red and the other White both Spanish and participating of a malign quality For that which they call album Hispanum admits Sublimatum in its confecture which though it consists of equal parts of Quicksilver Vitriol and common Salt rather then of Amoniack which are not lethal apart in themselves but are duly mixed in a Glass sublimatory vessel whereunto fire is added gradually for the space of twelve hours They make a Powder so caustical and deletery as can scarce be cicurated by any art And hence it is that women who use these Sublimata's have black Teeth wormeaten corrugated Faces and praevious old Age. The Colour therefore which Nature's Pencil draws is best whose Works whilest we admire let us give Eternal Glory and Praise to the Creator FINIS A Table of the Matters and Words of principal note in this Work contained A. ACacia pag. 77 The kindes thereof Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. Achates what pag. 419 Acetabulum pag. 137 Acetum Mulsum pag. 325 Acopa pag. 123 Acorus pag. 273 How it differs from Calamus Aromaticus Ibid. Acutella pag. 302 Adrobolon pag. 388 Aeluropus pag. â—â—â— Aetites pag. â—â—â— It s vertues Ibid. Aethiopidis Herba its force and vertue pag. 7 Aeschylus would never per Verses till toxicated with Wine pag. 219 Agallochum what it is pag. 286 Why so rare Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. Ageratum pag. 357 Agat pag. 419 Agnus Castus its description pag. 340 Its vertues Ibid. Agarick pag. 258 Which is best Ibid. Where it grows pag. 259 Its vertues Ibid. Agrimony pag. 356 Its vertues Ibid. Agripalma pag. 372 Ajuga pag. 326 Aizoon pag. 351 Alabaster pag. 421 Alana pag. 398 Alcea pag. 230 Alembeck pag. 89 487 Its manifold acceptation pag. 113 487 A crooked one Ibid. A blinde one Ibid. Aliment what it is pag. 6 An inexplicable Faculty therein pag. 13 Medicinal Aliment Ibid. Alioticks pag. 28 Almonds pag. 387 Their vertues Ibid. Plutarch 's story of them Ibid. How they are to be blanched pag. 55 Alcanna pag. 452 Alcool pag. 107 Aloes its description pag. 256 Cabalina Ibid. Succotrina Ibid. Where most of it growes Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. It s faculty pag. 10 How to know the best pag. 256 How to wash and nourish it pag. 58 It shuts the veins pag. 256 Aloes-wood its description and how to know it pag. 286 Its vertues Ibid. Alome what it is pag. 401 The several sorts of it Ibid. Catinum pag. 401 402 Foecum pag. 401 402 Liquid pag. 401 402 Pulmbeous pag. 401 402 Round pag. 401 402 Rock pag. 401 402 Scissile pag. 401 402 Synamose pag. 401 402 The way to burn it pag. 68 Alphenicum pag. 615 Alterative Medicaments are of three sorts pag. 10 Their kindes Ibid. Altercum pag. 349 Amber what it is pag. 406 How to know the best Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. Amber-Grise what it is pag. 405 How it may be adulterated pag. 158 Its vertues pag. 405 Liquid Amber what it is pag. 673 Its vertues Ibid. How it may be adulterated pag. 158 Amethystus pag. 419 Amigdalates how made pag. 163 A description of such as are commonly used at Lutetia Ibid. Amomum what it