her endeavour the more easie by these means which we often do also without giving a vomit by thrusting the finger down the throat or a feather dipt in oyl But those which work only by their quantity and move the excretive faculty by their warm moisture fatness are not profitable when that that is to be vomited up either is not in the stomack but in the adjacent parts or else are contained in the more remote parts or if in it are fixed in the tunicles of it or are not prepared so that they cannot be shaken out without a greater and more violent motion for then 't is better to use the compounds In the COMPOUND Vomitory two things are to be considered 1. The matter of which 't is made 2. The things to be dissolved in it The MATTER of a Vomitory is two-fold Liquid and solid The liquid matter or liquor with which I defined a Vomitory and which is for the most part used either provokes vomit or doth not provoke it That Liquor which doth provoke vomit is either a decoction or an infusion or sometimes water or a distiâ—led Liquor As to the VOMITING DECOCTION in it three things are to be regarded 1. The matter or ingredients whereby it becomes a vomitory 2. The Liquor in which these things are boyled In either of these we must see to the quality and quantity The matter or ingredients as to their quality are diverse parts of vomitive simples and those moderate for the strongest sort seldom are put into decoctions as Roots Barks Leaves and sometimes Seeds and Flowers of which 2 3 or four should be prescribed together As to their quantity those moderate vomitories are prescribed almost as those of Potions that is that they make in all one ounce two ounces or three ounces at most but particularly if one or 2 of these following be added with others or should be prescribed of themselves it should usually be in these following doses The root of Asarum to one dram two drams or three drams The middle Bark of a Walnut-Tree to 1 dram or two drams The roots of Pompions dryed to two drams and half an ounce The flowers of Broom to two drams or three drams or so many pugils As to the quality of the Liquor in which they are boyled you may take very commodiously fair water or where the humors are also to be cleansed from the stomack Barly water or some decoction where they be dry sharp and hot or Mead where gross clammy humors are to be attenuated cut and cleansed or Oxymel made with water in either case or fat and lenifying broth where the acrimony is to be temper'd whether it be of the humors-or poysons taken or of sharp violent vomits so also water and oyl in the aforesaid case which are therefore chiefly convenient because they are reckoned among the gentler vomitories The quantity of the liquor is usually let to the judgment of the Apothecary yet you may prescribe it having regard to what is said before in the Apozem and potion only observe that because for the most part they take eight ounces of Liquor for a vomiting potion those moderate vomitories should be prescribed to double the quantity A Vomiting Infusion in relation to the quality of the things to be infused is most commonly prepared of the strongest sort of vomitories which are more rightly infused then given in substance or decoction as those two most famous for their vehemency in working white Hellebor of the Antients and Antimony of modern practicers and although to the same purpose we may take also the moderate vomitories as Asarum Radishes Pompion roots dryed the middle bark of Walnuts c. yet because there cometh no danger from them either given insubstance or decoction they are to be prescribed onely in decoction but in these stronger 't is better only to give the infusion which communicates onely its spiritual virtue without any quantity of the substance which might make the operation last the longer or irritate the excretive faculty too much Therefore two things chiefly serve to prepare an infusion of white Hellebor of old most famous not only in rebellious and desperate affections but also in the sleighter sort but now scarcely used in the greatest and then with caution which being prudently had you may infuse it from half a dram to one dram and a dram and half in broth adding withal one scruple of Cordials for correctors In the place of this you may give an Apple made hollow a little then filled with the root of white Hellebore and roasted afterwards the Hellebor being taken out give it to eat So also the root of a Radish stuck thorow with slices of it then roasted and eaten But in the place of Hellebor as it is now generally used take Antimony the other growing out of date neither let it trouble you that it hath hitherto been rejected by the unexperienc'd for 't is far safer than the other and finisheth its operation without any manner of suffocation convulsion or danger of other vehement symptomes to the same purpose some use Antimony crude some its Vitrum and some the regulas of it but 't is better to chuse that preparation of Antimony which they cal Crocus Metallorum because so prepared 't is spoiled of its fetid sulfur which otherwise may be the cause of great symptoms To the same end take Antimony so prepared to 1 scruple or half a dram or rather half a scruple or gr 12 infuse it in three ounces or 4 ounces of white Wine over hot embers strain the liquor thorow a brown paper and give it Of the same Crocus is made that water commonly called Aqua benedicta instead of the aforesaid Crocus you may infuse the vitrum to one scruple or rather to gr 12. in any fit Liquor As to the quantity of the things to be infused what is said before wil. serves or these stronger if you would use them which are moderate you may prescribe The root of Asarum from one dram and a half to three drams and half an ounce The roots of Pompion dryed from one dram to three drams Nettle seed from one dram to half an ounce The bark of Walnut to 3 drams and half an ounce But 't is better to use the Antimony before spoken of As to the DISTILLED Liquor it is seldom prescribed by a Physitian except distilled Vinegar of late by the vulgar brought into Physical use which being most violent in workings is to be used with caution and that in strong people only and it is prescribed two wayes either distill'd alone out of a leaden stil or else as it is in use by the Women of Montpelier they take a Loaf hot out of the Oven infuse it in two or three pound of Vinegar and so distil it the use of this Liquor as also of the former is to give three ounces or four ounces in Fevers and chiefly Agues that are of long continuance either before or in the
Of Almond Milk THis differs not much in colour and taste from an Emulsion only 't is usually thicker than it This is two-fold one more liquid being a milky substance drawn out of Almonds like the Emulsion as aforesaid another thicker made thick with boyling of which at present And this is a restorative Medicine somewhat thinner of substance than syrup much like Milk hence 't is called Almond Cream Almond milk drawn and sweetned with Sugar prepared both to alter and nourish CHAP. IX Of Barly Cream THat which we from the matter it is made of call Barly cream the Antients from the manner of preparing called Ptisan which was a meat made of barly huld and baked for the Greek word signifies to hull and bark and water usually we cal this barly cream but our ptisan is a drink And though it be seldom prescribed yet 't is COMPOUNDED either after the grosser manner of barly cleansed and boyled which is given together with the broth adding sugar as you list but this is only convenient for sound people Or else that which is truly barly cream of huld barley two ounces let it boyle in fair water over a gentle fire then cast away the water and boyl it is a new water four or five houres with a gentle fire then pulp the barly thorow a strainer sweeten it with one ounce or ounce and a half or two ounces of sugar and after let them be a little boyled The VSE anciently it was wont to be the meat of feverish people but now a dayes 't is given for the most part neer sleeping time and then if they are troubled with over-watching there is added to it little of the emulsion prepared with white poppy seeds The UTILITY of it is much in fevers in which it is an alimentory medicine cooling cleansing nourishing much breeding good juyce it moystens and is best for affections of the breast hecticks CHAP. X. Of Milk and the whey of Milk MIlk also happens to be prescribed but chiefly in the phthyfick and disentery and that with some caution both in the sort of milk and also in the dose and manner of giving it Asses milk is chiefly commended in the hectick because it restores radical moysture and is of good juice Cows milk is the fattest and fullest of butter sheeps milk is fullest of cheese Goats milk moderate between all best for persons extenuated As to the USE DOSE and manner of PRESCRIBING 't is this â„ž of Asses milk when you would cool cleanse but Goats milk when you would nourish four ounces of sugar or honey left it corrupt or grow sowr in the stomack one ounce and this for the first dose for the second dose increasing one ounce to five ounces so proceeding til you come to ten ounces or twelve ounces and then decreasing again by the same degrees til you are returned to the same quantity let it be taken 4 hours before meat neither sleeping nor moving the body violenly after the taking of it But the use of milk is never to be begun til the body be very wel cleansed The UTILITY 't is chiefly prescribed for those that are hectical for it fattens restores in the use of it we must have a care that the body be not impure for in a cold stomack it sowres in a hot it turns to a nidorousness from whence comes Head-ach it is not therefore profitable for them that are Feverish or have their short rib-region puft up but 't is very commodious in the dysentery both to lenifie and also cleanse and heal the Ulcer especially if it be chalibeated and you give a good quantity of it morning and evening with one scruple of Terra sigillata four hours before any meat The WHEY OF MILK is not nourishing but medicinal and evacuates both serous and adust humors if it be liberally taken it cools and is good in those that are Feverish and in the heat of the Liver and Reins in summer time but most profitable in Melancholy and affections proceeding from it as the Leprosie Scabbiness c. especially if Fumitory be steeped in it This is the USE and manner of PRESCRIBING â„ž VVhey of Milk let it be strained boyled both because it is windy as also that any thing of curdiness in it may be separated and settled then steep in two pound of it for one night one handful of Fumitory of Succory m. ss when 't is strained add to it an ounce or an ounce and half of Sugar but the second day two ounces are to be added more so every day increasing til you come to three pound afterwards on the contrary decreasing til you come to one pound Otherwise let one pound serve every day for a moneth together steeping in it the same quantity of Fumitory adding to it when 't is strained one ounce of Sugar and in Melancholy people as much of the Cider or juice of pippins Otherwise 't is used for fevers and heats to eight ounces with sorrel steeped in it and that in the morning four hours before meat that they more hang in it tyed in a ragg 2 drams or more of yest or Leven and add to it half a dram or two scruples of spices to every pound and so according to the quantity of Hony The USE and UTILITY it is prescribed for the ordinary drink in cold affections and especially the phlegmatick and where the abstaining from VVine is advantagious or where the use of it is hurtful as in the Palsey or when we desire effectual virtues powerful both to alter cold humors and strengthen the natural heat it also wonderfully preserves from putrefaction But as it is convenient for them that are of cold complexion and for old men so is it hurtful for those that are feverish cholerick or hot of temper because it soon turns into choler and grows bitter as we may finde in boyling it over-much or by keeping it too long therefore Hippocrates forbiâ—s it to them that are very cholerick or that have great spleens in which it is too suddenly drawn into the body from hence it is that it is the cause of crudities and incredible windiness of the intrals it is also according to Hippocrates diuretica wonderfully cleansing and driving forth sand 〈◊〉 or gravel The Winish performs this more sorcibly and like Malmsey powerfully concocts cold humours expectorates â—â—enâ—thens the stomack and concoction discusseth windiness concocts crudities as also doth the commoner sort according to Galen it wonderfully loosens humors in the breast and is good for them that be asthmatick The Medicinal Mead is easily prepared of the simple by boyling dryed simples in it respecting the part to which it is destined and of those such as are most pleasant let them be boyled after it is clear scum'd let them be for example four handfuls of Herbs boyl them and strain the LIquor from them in which infuse for two or three hours half an ounce or six drams of spices
the sight discussing and rarifying and that in white wine often in water sometimes the urine of a boy Childe being added to two ounces The VSE and FORM of the decoction â„ž c. make a decoction in c. for a suffumigation let him receive the vapor or fume of this to his eye either through a narrow-mouthed Pot or a Tunnel other vents being closed morning and night long from meat for so many days as there is need afterwards let the eyes be fomented with a spunge dipped in the decoction or with little bags filled with the ingredients which let be applied warm by turns for a quarter or half an hour The VTILITY is expressed it may also be made to binde as in the dilation of the apple or pupil of the eye of convenient things and in the running of the tears but the first use is most frequent These for a vaporous Collyrium The LIQVID one is absolutely called a Collyrium though antiently Collyriums were properly dry in the forms of Troschischs which they dissolved in a fit liquor at the time of using them But t is COMPOVNDED diversly 1. Either of a distilled water alone simple or compound The simple may be prescribed either one two or more to four ounces make a Collyrium The Compound which is magisterial and chiefly addicted to digest discuss cleanse sharpen the sight and take away suffusions and is to be prescribed by the Physitians and is made in relation to its quality of things that sharpen the sight leaves seeds as also Cephalical heating things as leaves seeds spices as Ginger Pepper sometimes adding Gall the Vrine of a Young Boy White Wine Honey c. As to the quantity let there be of sight sharpning leaves M. six or M. eight seeds one ounce a half or 2. ounc Cephalical leaves M. 2. spices half an ounce six drams Gall two ounces Urine lib. half or lib. 1 2. Honey lib. half Wine lib. 2. The FORM â„ž c. Let them steep eight days in a glass vessel in a warm place or horse dung afterwards distil them in Balneo Mariae put the distilled water in a glass bottle and keep it for your use which is as that of others 2. Of Juices onely and chiefly of Leaves clarified and infused into the eyes or applyed with linnen raggs wet in them 3. Or of a Decoction onely of Leaves Seeds Flowers fit for the purpose to be prescribed in the quantity of a potion for four ounces wil suffice for a Collyrium 4 Or of an infusion onely of metalline things as of Antimony 1 dram in 4 ounces of water which is admirable to clarifie the sight so also gr 1.2.3 of Vitriol in Rose or Fennel water is admirable against the redness and pain of the eyes Or else made of proper vegetables infused either in a distilled water Juices or a decoction c. to 4. or 6 ounces the Liquor afterwards being strained and filtrated is to be kept in a glass for use 5. Or of a distilled water Juice Infusion Decoction 2 3 or all of these together mixed according to your intention to 3 or 4 ounces 6. Or other liquors are used alone according to your scope as VVine VVater whites of Egges in paines c. 7. Or some convenient powder made of proper eye medicines added to the aforesaid Liquor several or mixed As to the quantity of the powder 1.2 or 3 drams is to be the most those that are strong should not exceed 1 dram so with 4 5 or 6 oun of Liquor make a Collyr um Note also 't is best to strain a Collyrium for the roughness of the powders unless it be to scoure The VSE and FORM â„ž c. make a Collyrium a few drops of which 2 or 3 is to be dropped into the greater corner of the eye or and besides which seems best to me apply a Linnen cloth dipped in the same Liquor to the eyes and change them often so let it be as it were a fomentation or an Epitheme Or when the Liquors are gentler let the Patient lie forward and apply the Collyrium in a cup fitted to the eye so that it may as it were bath the whole eye The VTILITY of the liquid moist one chiefly is to cool and quench the burnings of the eyes to drive away paines and inflammations in the beginning afterwards to discuss them also to repel and stay rhewms to dry and consume teares to cleanse off any filth from them to sharpen the sight and discuss gross humors Thus much for the liquid Collyrium Here follows The COLLYRIUM like Honey 't is so called because 't is of the consistence of Honey and that three-fold in the form of a Liniment a Pultis and a Cataplasme The Liniment fashion Collyrium is made 1. Either of the powder of some fit things made into an Alcohol and a fit thing to embody it withal which is various according to the scope as a fit Muscilage honey butter oyntment of Roses c. according to your indications As to the quantity let the whole composition be an ounce viz. of powders 2 or 3 drams and half a ounce or six drams of that with which they are imbodied 2. Or without a powder of the muscilage of fit seeds as of Quinces c. but the former way is the more usual The Cataplasm and Pultis is for the most part made onely to ease paines and that of two ounces of the crumbs of white bread soaked in q. s of milk to which is added sometimes the muscilage of Fleawort to half an ounce Opium gr 2 c. 2. Or of onely the pulp of a Pippin softened at the fire or boyled in Milk to two ounces 3. Or of both together 4. Or to repel of the pulp of Quinces boyled to two ounces 5. Orchiefly to discuss after the manner of cataplasmes of the muscilage made of the residence of the sight-sharpening decoction bruised and driven through the strainer see the vaporous Collyrium The VSE and FORM of the Liniment â„ž c. Make it like a Liniment with which anoint the corners of the eyes that it may leisurely penetrate to the inward parts Or else it may be applied with a pencil to the eye-lids at the place affected Of the Cataplasm â„ž make it like a Pultis or a Cataplasme lay it on a fit linnen cloth wet in a fit liquor and apply it The VTILITY of the Liniment is special where we would help the affection of the eye-lids or cleanse to which purpose t is most usefull and also to dry it may profitably be used to discusse and for pains but then it is better in the form of a Pultis Collyriums are made in this form that by this means the powders sticking the longer may work more effectually on the part and if there be any sharp medicines they are thus allayd The Cataplasm and Pultis are used only to ease pain they may nevertheless be applied to discuss and repel as aforesaid Thus far of
and those which are new weighty and full which if it be shaken doth not rattle or sound shining without and ful of fat pulp within Neither is it to be drawn til to be used for after 't is kept in it groweth sowr The Qualities As to the first qualities Cassia is very near temperate for Avicen lib. 2. ch 197. writes that it is temperate in the active qualities but that in the passive it doth somewhat moisten Serapio lib. Simp. ch 12. makes it altogether temperate Mesues cap. 6. Simpl. writes that it a little inclines to heat Ant. Musa in exam simpl says it is hot and moist in the first or beginning of the second degree As to the second qualities it lenifies mollifies and loosens purgeth choler and phlegme and makes the blood pure As to the parts and affections 't is dedicated to the Brest Lungs Liver Reins and bladder and is therefore profitably used in the Pleurisie burning Fevers hot distemper of the Liver heat of the Reins and bladder and also in the stone in the running of the Reins or Gonorrhea proceeding from a sharp matter or cholerick sperme As to the age and Sex 't is safe for all ages and very profitable for Women with child Correction of it Besides the aforesaid commodities Cassia hath this discommodity that 't is very windy maketh so slippery and is of slow operation hence it is hurtful for them that are troubled with windinesse and that have a weak moist stomack and less commodious for them that are of a loose belly and is hurtful for the Ulcers of the Reins and bladder and little helps them that are of a costive nature unless these defects of it be correrected But it is corrected as to its windiness with halfadram or a dram of the seeds of Annise Fennel Citrons as it over-moistens or relaxeth wth the powder of the bark of Myrobolanes Reubarb Ciâ—amon Mastick but chiefly Coriander seed prepared and as to its sloth in working 't is to be quickened with two drams or half an ounce of some purging Electuaries or Tablets The Dose 'T is given for the most part to children from three drams to half an ounce to those of ripe age an ounce an ounce and a half two ounces to those that are with child or weak one ounce if Cassia with the cane be taken the dose is the same But the most usual dose of Cassia is from half an ounce to an ounce The manner of giving it Cassia is taken either in the form of a bole or a potion if it it be taken in the form of a bole the basis is Cassia to an ounce or an ounce and a half as need requires correctors being added or things respecting the part affected to half a dram or a dram or things that quicken it to two or three drams more or lesse and so with q. s of Sugar is made a bole as for example in affections of the breast â„ž of Cassia newly drawn one ounce more or lesse Flower of brimstone or some other pectoral powder to a scruple or half an dram the seed of Annise or some other corrector two scruples with sugar make a bole In burning Fevers â„ž c. of Cassia one ounce the seeds of Citrons powdered one dram with sugar make a bole In affections of the Reins and Bladder 't is prescribed of Cassia six drams Turpentine washed in pellitory-Pellitory-water two drams with powder of Liquorish sugar q. s make a bole so according to the indication may be adjoyned those things that suppresse the effluvium of the seed as Coral Mastick Oriental bole Troschisch of Amber to half a dram or two scruples and so with sugar make a bole 't is a most excellent Medicine if the faculty of Cassia is to be acuated â„ž of Cassia six drams or half an ounce some purging Tablets or Electuaries as Diaprun solutive or Electuar de succco Rosar two or three drams Coriander seed prepared 2 scruples with sugar make a a bole In those that are of a loose constitution other purgers are added that are indued with a strengthening binding faculty as to 1 ounce of Cassia take an ounce of Reubarb or the barks of Myrobolanes and half a dram of some of the correctors so with Sugar make a bole But if it be taken in the form of a potion some Liquor is to betaken in which the Cassia is to be dissolved This Liquor is either a distilled water as of Sorrel Endive Succory or some decoction of fit plants as for example take of Cassia an ounce a half which dissolve in q. s of Liquor make a potion Of late at Paris they have began to use Cassia in infusion which way is of all the best because Cassia in the form of a bole is ungrateful through its extream quantity and if it be dissolved in a fit Liquor it renders the potions too gross therefore 't is much better if Cassia be infused in some conveniet Liquor in some hot place and a q. s of the in fusion strained be dissolved in other things c. or if need be some other may be joyned and so given as for example in burning Fevers â„ž Sorrel water as much as you wil in which infuse of Cassia newly drawn an ounce and a half or lesse in q. s of the strained Liquor dissolve two drams of Electuary of the juice of Roses more or lesse make a potion MANNA The Kinde THe word Manna is a doubtful word for somtimes 't is taken for the Manna of Frank-insence which is nothing else then the smal corns of frankinsence broken off in carriage or else 't is meant of a dew condensed in this latter sense I here understand it Of this there are diverse differences taken from the Provinces but that which is usual in the shops is that which is brought out of Calabria which is gathered in Calabria by the Inhabitants about the dogg-dayes upon the leaves of the Ash and the wild Ash which is two-fold Manna in grains which is as it were in smal grains and the Masticine Manna which consists of the greater grains like Mastick The first is called Manna of the leaves because 't is gathered from the leaves the other is called Manna of the body because 't is taken off from the greater boughes And this Manna is altogether celestial i. e. falling from the very region doth settle on the leaves and doth not proceed like Gum out of the tree as Altimarus and the Monks that have commented on Mesues have written for it fals not onely on the leaves of trees but also on the Meadows so that the mowers cannot untangle easily their sickles from the grasse by reason of the Manna dissolved on them with the heat of the Sun but the reason why 't is onely gathered from the Ash and wild ash called Ornus is because the Ash hath some occult quality whereby it doth thicken and coagulate the Manna which from other trees drops off like Honey on
s. of such a decoction make a potion c. or else turning the order say â„ž c. viz. of such or such a decoction 3 ounces in which dissolve c. Make a potion This same form is likewise commonly used with the common purging decoction of the Shops II. 〈◊〉 of an 〈◊〉 â„ž c. viz. those things that are to be infused make an infusion in q s. of some Liquor before mentioned over hot embers twelve hours or a whole night or if you please without noting the time then strain it and dissolve in it c. so make a potion It may otherwise be more briefly prescribed thus â„ž The expression of one dram or a dram and half of Rheubarb made in a fit water in which dissolve c. So make a Potion This is to be noted that when Mechoacan or the root of Jalop are infused they should be prescribed to be infused in white Wine so let it be given in the morning with the usual ordering without any expression to one dram or a dram and half IV. If of a decoction and an infusion together â„ž c. viz. those things that are necessary to be bâ—yledâ— make a decoction in q. s. of some appropriat Liquor in a sufficient quantity of the strained Liquor infuse c. viz. those things mentioned before in the infusion then having strained them dissolve c. so make a potion and this order is now most usual V. 〈◊〉 without these the potion be prescribed of some other Liquor then thus â„ž c. viz. the purger that is to be dissolved as Diacarthamum six 〈…〉 to purge a phlegmatick person make it into a potion with s q of such a Liquor The UTILITY a potion in general is very commodious when we have an indication of purging either with a minorative Medicine to lessen the humors before concoction or an eradicating Medicine to exclude the humour already prepared and concocted or else of otherwise evacuating it without this preparation which seeing it may be done with Medicines under the three-fold form of pils boles and potions for powders and purging tablets as also syrups never come in use unless in the form of a potion dissolved in some convenient Liquor of these a potion is to be preferred in these cases When humours in respect of their scituation are gathered in the first region of the body and are to be expell'd without any perturbation of the body not to be drawn from far for in this liquid form the purging quality soon descends into the belly with the Liquor and is soon communicated to it so that in so short a time the purging quality cannot be diffused to the more remote parts although some smal evacuation happen also to them by consecution of the humors unless you boyl or dissolve stronger Medicines and in a greater quantity which cannot be done so safely in which case pils are better which staying long in the belly the virtue of them at last insinuates it self into the habit of the body therefore a potion is most commodious in affections of the stomack and neighbouring parts Pancreas Mesentery Spleen Liver and other inferior parts But in respect of the several sorts of humors to be evacuated the form of a potion as also of a bole doth more agree with tempers and affections that are cholerick then the solid form of pils because both to moisten lenifie and cool which three properties such a hot and dry constitution requires those things which are suppable and liquid do more aptly perform and therefore rather to be used unless a great weakness of the stomack and a broken strength which are more dissolved by Liquid things require the contrary then 't is better to use pils or boles 'T is also very profitable to purge Melancholy because this humor as it were dusty with drought may be washed down by such actual moisture and the wayes by which it is to pass made slippery and al other hinderances relaxed and moistened T is also very useful in phlegmatick affections unless the stomack be very weak so that the plegm be found in the first or second region of the body for if it be in the third Region or remore parts it wil be little advantagious unless composed of the stronger and greater quantity of purgers from whence danger 'T is also useful in obstructions of gross dry condensated humors and also in the summer as pils in the winter A Corroborating Potion A Corroborating Potion which also sometime is called a Julep drink or Cordial potion is a liquid form of medicine composed of Confections or Cordial powders and a syrup dissolved in a fit liquor to strengthen and confirm the principal parts restore strength and help the peculiar affections of the heart In this three things are considerable the Composition Vse and Vtility In COMPOSITION two things are to be regarded 1. A fit Liquor of which 't is made 2. What things are to be dissolved in it The Liquor is to be regarded in relation to his quality and quantity In relation to his quality there is prescribed 1. Some distill'd Cordial water as of Borage c. 2. Some distill'd water and a convenient juice together which is most usual for 't is seldome made of a Juyce alone and seldom also of decoctions or infusions In respect to its quantity the dose is the same as of the purging potion three ounces or sour ounces yet in summer and in the great heat of Fevers and other hot affections you may prescribe a larger quantity Things to be dissolved are also considered in respect to their quality and quantity In relation to the quality there is alwayes dissolved some fit Cordial syrup and besides it alwayes 1. Either some Cordial confection alone as usually Confection Alchermes de Hyacintho c. of which see in the Juleps 2 Or some Cordial powder alone and that either simple as Harts-horn Coral Bolearmoniack Terra sigillata Pearls Fragments of preticus stones Vnicorns horn Bezar stone these may be prescribed and are to be chosen according to the urgency and variety of the affections Or else compound as the powder of some electuary of the shops as Diamargaritum frigidum c. and this is most usual to be prescribed for this sort of Cordial Potions as the simples are though much seldomer 3 Or some Confection or powder together In relation to the quantity syrups are usually prescribed to an ounce and an ounce and half Cordial confections from half an ounce to an ounce and an ounce and half at most Cordial powders from one scruple to two scruples or one ounce at most But if it be of the more scarce and pretious sort let it not exceed one scruple so for the most part 't is prescribed to half a scruple and one scruple The fragment of pretious stones and Vnicornshorn from gr 5 to half a dram Bezoar stone to gr 4 or 6. Confections and powders together are so to be prescribed that they may
compleat the whole dose taking the greater quantity of this or that or equal parts as you see fit The USE is for 1 dose only according to the present necessity at any time of the day or the disease And this is the usual FORM of RESCRIBING ℞ c. viz. the Liquor in which dissolve c. so make a potion to be taken at such or such an hour Mark this that because some Cordials are dissolved in the potion they may be prescribed in the said form or else without the straining after dissolution 't is usual to prescribe all the ingredients adding only Make a potion The UTILITY 'T is very effectual against divers affections of the heart as Swooning panting c. malignant affections poysons and when it is to be strengthened being made weak by the violence of diseases as also when the virtues of it and al other principal parts are dejected they are through the continuance of the whole disease to be assisted and restored being weakned to be strengthened and confirmed being exhausted to be recruited An altering Potion THat is to be called an altering Potion which is under a Liquid form not allotted either to purge hurtful humors or comfort the strength of the body oppressed so it be to alter any way or evacuate so it do it not by purging as in expelling the stone of the Reines c. prescribed for one onely dose to be taken by the mouth at one time The COMPOSITION of it is the same as of the corroborating potion viz. of a Liquor fitted for your present intention either a distill'd water only or else some Juyce or decoction being added to it and some convenient powder to be altered according to the variety of your indications and a proper syrup serving to the intention of the Physitian al which are prescribed in the dose after the same manner as the strengthening potion as you may perceive by one or two examples following A somniferous potion restoring and corroborating the strength exhausted by over-watchings ℞ Water of red Poppyes water Lilles and Lettuce of each two ounces syrup of white Poppy one ounce syrup of Violets half an ounce Consectio Alkermes half a dram Make a potion to be taken at the time of going to sleep A Potion for the Worms and also Cordial Take the water of Purslane and grass of each two ounces Confection of Hyacinth half a dram powder of Earthworms dryed one scruple Coralin and the shavings of Hartshorn of each one scruple syrup of Lemons one ounce So make a potion A potion to hasten delivery of a Child Take Hypocras made by the infusion of Cinnamon and Dittany in white Wine four ounces or five ounces Cinnamon water half an ounce Corfectio Alchermes one dram Saffron half a scruple syrup of Mugwort one cunce So make a potion CHAP. IV. Of Syrups DIvers simples there are Herbs Roots Seeds Fruits Flowers and others or the Juyces of them which cannot be had alwayes when need requires them especially in winter and autumn that decoctions infusions or other Medicines may be prepared of them for a present use or else they cannot be preserved sound without loss of their virtues so long a time or if they may yet the urgency of the affection or other inconveniencies do not alwayes allow such leisure as to attend the preparing of Medicines of them in divers forms or til the virtues of them may be sufficiently extracted from hence appears the necessity of syrups for the divers virtues of Plants thus kept and preserved by the benefit of Sugar or Honey in the form of a syrup are alwayes ready for use in every pressing necessity to serve for the various scope of the Physitian and are preserved sound without any depravation having joyned with them a grateful taste so that syrups are as it were a certain preserving of a medicinal Liquor Juyce decoction or infusion in which is retained the efficacy of the Medicines But a syrup is the invention of the Arabians and was scarce known to the antient Greeks we read of only mention made of Oximel and cute in Galen and Hypocrates after whose example the Mauritanians have a lorned their pharmacentick art with a various collection of syrups the modern Greeks as Actuarius cals it Scrapium Some derive this name from the Greek others from the Arabick but this is little considerable Whatsoever it is though at this time it be taken either properly for that which I shal describe and for that which is extant in the shops or improperly for a decoction preparing humors or an Apozem as Rondeletius and Jeubertus have written as an altering Julep for the Italians at this day cal a Julep Serapium perhaps because a syrup is the basis of a Julep yet at Montpelier A SYRUP is a fluid form of a Medicine made of a decoction Juyces or an infusion preserved with Sugar or Honey boyled to such a consistence that a drop on a marble or plate may not spread abroad prepared either to alter or purge It is of two sorts an altering syrup as was the syrup of the Antients and this hath been revived by our latest Physitians and a purging syrup The altering Syrup The definition of an altering syrup is to be sought among those things which we have said before in the altering Apozem as also the differences there set down But for the clearer method use and prescription sake it is two-fold Officinal and Magisterial The officinal or usual is that which is publickly extant 〈…〉 in the Apothecarys shops of which I 〈…〉 in the use of it and in respect of the prescribing of it many things occur necessary to be known hereafter to be rehearsed And this diversly divided as wel in relation to its virtues as its composition The differences taken from the virtues are considered either in general hot cold moist dry temperate Or in special in respect of the humors and other parts of the body In relation to the humors it alters either in the first qualities to which belong according to the diversity of the humor that which alters concocts digests prepares either choler phlegm melancholy or blood or in the second qualities in which number are contained those which cut attenuate incrassat cleanse binde or in the third qualities hither are referd those which cause easy coughing lenifie expectorate provoke Urine break the Stone provoke the courses condense the parts expel poyson and corroborate In regard of the parts which they properly respect some are Cephalical others Cordial c. which you may seek among the store of Physical remedies here I shal only propound the division of the Officinal syrups according to their composition and faculties onely considered generally because other things more appertain to the physical magazeen withal intending to give a Catalogue of the more usual sort because some are here in use which in other places are grown obsolete and so on the contrary neither is there the same number in use every where
that wants cooling and moistening or heating and moistening together CHAP. VI. Of a Stoveer Sudatory IT is otherwise called a Laconic because the Laconians were wont to use it as the Romans to bath others call it a vaporary In this the sick party is not dipped in the Liquor but onely warmed with either a hot and dry or a hot and moist vapor and caused to sweat Therefore a stove is two-fold a moist and a dry The moist Is made by the vapour of some decoction whereby the aire under the Canopye grows hot It is COMPOSED of a Canopy with a Bath erected and placed over the sick on which are layed sheets or blankets to keep in the vapour And this is heated diversly by the vapour 1. Either by stoves fiery hot so placed underneath that the Decoction to be used being cast cast on them the vapour ascends to the aforesaid purpose 2. Or else the Decoction is first poured in yet so that it touch not the sick and then into it the stones are dropped fiery hot 3. Or which is more commodious the decoction is prepared in two Cauldrons which are heated by turns and poured into the under tub as each other cools This Decoction is prepared of proper Roots Leaves Flowers for the most part hot cephalical wel sented of thin parts and in quantity as the highest proportion of the Apozems and to be prescribed with water q. s The USE and FORM â„ž c. Make a decoction whose vapor let the sick receive under a Canopy close shut so let him sweat at his pleasure let him use it twice a day long after meat the belly being first emptied and that for two dayes let his stay in it be according to his strength when he comes forth wipe off the sweat and let him rest in his bed c. the use of this is most convenient in the winter and spring as of the bath in summer The dry Stove That is so called which onely is heated with the heat of the fire This is made 1. Either in the manner of an Oven as in Ger. many is usually called a hot house or laconic 2. Or else fiery flints are layed under the Canopy on plates of iron and so give a heat 3. Or at this day for the French disease 't is made of a frame of wood like the cover of a burial bear and with this the sick are covered and sheds laid over it under it are placed little red hot stones til the sweat follow plentiful the party having first drank a draught of the Decoction of Guajack or some other sudorifick The USE is as the other the stay in them according to their strength which are thus much wasted so that they can hardly indure one quarter or half an hour The UTILITY it warms the matter of the disease spread over all the body and attenuates it loosens the skin and empties it it is very effectual in cold and moist affections loosenesse of humors the dropsie Leucophlegmatia for it powerfully dissolves the humours and consumes them by sweat very profitable for them that are fat especially those who are cacochymical if the foulness of humours be either in the habit of the body or in the veins In the French Pox 't is generally used dry and is not to be used at all unlesse the body be first emptied for then the relicks are by this way easily quite rooted out CHAP. VII Of Embrocation IT is not properly a certain Form of Medicine but only a manner of using it when we pour on any part some liquor or oyl and that either pouring it from high or only rubbing it gently in for Practisers use the name of Embrocation either way and usually confound it with irrigation for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies to rain water or dip but be it as it will here for distinction sake we will distribute it into Irrigation and Embrocation Irrigation It is a pouring of Liquor from high like rain on any part but chiefly the head making it distill out of a snowted vessel and differs from a Fomentation only in form of using it It is PREPARED divers ways 1. Either of the decoction of divers parts of Plants hot or cold according to the scope in the quantity as for a Lotion made in water or wine as your indication requires boyled to the consumption of the third part in which being strained to one pound may be sometimes added vinegar wine aqua vitae according as the affections be cold or hot two or three drams c. 2. Or of Oyl only plentifully powred but this is better applyed as an Embrocation with linnen rags dipped in it especially in convulsions and affections of the nerves 3. Or of oyl distilled water and vinegar in hot affections of the head see the Oxirrodinum The VSE and FORM â„ž c. of the decoctior lib. one two or three make an Irrigation from high with a stream on the part affected c. See the Lotions The VTILITY t is chiefly dedicated to hot affections especially of the head the inflammations of the brain and membranes of it and that on the forepart of the head as also in provoking sleep in hot affections and great watchings though of late the Lotions of the feet be used in its stead t is very usefull in Feavers where there is a delirium and for hot affections of the head for it cools much because falling from high it pierceth the deeper and because still a fresh Liquor comes on it and the part so cooled is thereby the more tempered It may also be used profitably to its cold affections but most of all to the hot to which it chiefly belongs and when we would most of all cool in the beginning of inflammations we do it either with a cooling decoction Oxirrodinum or Oxicratum in the Erisipelas In cold affections though these may be used we rather use the Fomentation as also in dissolving an inflammation in Fractures and Luxations where t is not safe to unty the Ligâ—tures when pain is urgent this may be used with oyl of violets or to repel oyl of roses Oyls are suspected in Fractures and Luxations Note that the dripping of bath waters may be referred to this place Embrocation It is not taken here for watring a thing from on high but as it is at this day used or for a gentle rubbing of the part with oyl or for the applying of wool or linnen dipped in oyl or other convenient liquor for Embrecho in Greek signifies both to dip rain or water a thing It is COMPOVNDED and prescribed 1. Either of Wool or Lints which others call bolstrings dipped from whence its name in oyl only or in some other convenient Liquor applyed to the part after the manner of an Epitheme to be often renewed This Liquor is either oyl alone or some juices only or distilled waters only or else all together in this proportion Oyl Juices Water ana four ounces 2. Or as at
morning or at other times when the brain is benummed or when the birth is to be provoked The UTILITY is remarkable to empty the brain of gross vapours and slime from the fore-parts of it and is profitable in lasting and sleepy affections to expel the birth having first taken medicines to that purpose it powerfully draws from the tunicles of the brain and is profitable in affections of them proceeding from cholerick humors The altering Errhine I call that so which is used to cure divers affections of the nostrils and this is also three-fold liquid soft solid T is Compounded 1. Either of convenient Juices drawn out of Leaves with water or some fit Liquor to 6 or 7 ounces in which afterwards is dissolved Honey or some convenient syrup to an ounce and a half or two ounces and sometimes a powder to half an ounce Or of some fit decoction to the quantity of a Clyster in which also is dissolved honey or some proper syrup to two or three ounces 2. Or in the form of a Liniment of fit things as above 3. Or in a solid form viz. of a Turund as they cal it of a powder chiefly of binders and dryers to three drams viz. for one and the white of an egg some fit juice or honey to make them up withal make them up into a Turund or Pyramidfashioned Tent adding if you will the hairs of an Hare and put it up in the nostrils The VSE and FORM is as that of the purging Errhine yet the use of this may be at any time and particularly when they go to bed let them put in one in the morning another The VTILITY is great in particular affections of the Nose as in the Ozena Polipus Ulcers stench bleeding to which Turunds are used in the form of a Liniment CHAP. IX Of Suffiments or Fumes SVffiments differ from Adoraments or sweet-scented perfumes in this because the last cast their scent without fire but Suffiments do not part with theirs without the touch of fire And this is twofold one for pleasure another for health sake and either of these may be dry or moyst that is called a Fume or suffiment this is rather to he called a vapor The Suffiment for pleasure This is chiefly dedicated to grace the Court and for pleasures consisting of sweet-scented things and is either dry or moyst The dry is COMPOUNDED 1. Either in the form of a Powder the matter of which is either well-scented Gums as Stirax and Benzoine chiefly and also roots as Acorns c. Barks as of Citrons Orenges Woods as Lignum Aloes Leaves as Margerom c. Cephalical flowers and spices as Mace Cloves Cinnamon c. Also Camphire Musk Amber-greece Civet c. Of these more or fewer As to the quantity the Dose of the whole may be from one ounce to two ounces according as the things are costly but if it be for the perfuming the head-cloathes it may be prescribed to four ounces of the cheaper sortâ— Therefore of this quantity viz. one ounce two ounces let there be of gums half an ounce or four drams of powders three drams c. or of each alike parts Ambergreese Musk Civet as you think fit 2. Or in the Form of Troschischs the aforesaid powder being made up with gum-fragrant dissolved in a fit water make Troschischs c. of the weight of one dram so let them be dryed 3. Or in the form of Cypress Birds as they call them of sweet Gums three ounces the aforesaid powders half an ounce or six drams Charcoal of Willow-wood two ounces or three ounces with Gum-tragant dissolved or Labdunum melted q. s make Cypress birds Caldles for Fumes c. Musk and Amber-greese may be added at your pleasure The USE and Form of the Powder â„ž c. Make a powder to be cast on bright Charcoals to perfume Chambers or cloaths Of the Troschischs this â„ž c. make c. cast one or two on the coals so for the birdlets â„ž c. light one of them for a fume for the chamber The VTILITY though they seem onely intended for pleasure yet seeing they consist of precious cephalical and cordial simples they cannot but cherish the brain heart and spirits of them and drive away malignity The moyst is at this day usually prepared and they cal it a Cassolete 'T is COMPOVNDED best of Gums as Storax Benzoin to two ounces and if you wil of some of the powders to two or three drams these are all dissolved in some sweet water as of Roses and then Cassolets made for a long use like paste and dryed at the time of using them a Cassolete is sprinkled with some sweet water and then heated over the fire it breaths forth a very fragrant perfume and to make it the more delightful you may add gr 3 or 4 of Musk. The Vtility is the same with that of the dry one Suffiment for Health That Fume that is addicted to the conservation of health is from its effect two-fold one strengthening the principal parts and refreshing the spirits almost of the same things as that for pleasure The other altering as drying the brain cleansing the Lungs moving the courses helping suffocation c. From the forme 't is also two-fold dry and moist The DRY in general is made of things which breathe forth a Fume and that wel-sented as Ladanum Storax Benzoin c. as aforesaid and sometimes ill-sented as Galbanum assa Foetida Castoreum c. the use of which is from beneath in affections of the Womb 't is also made of the powders of things serving to the scope as of Roots Woods c. therefore in general 't is made of gums and powders But in special 't is compounded first in the form of a powder of the aforesaid things from one to two ounces according as the use is to continue long or short and particularly let there be of gums 2 ounces of powders half an ounce c. sometimes more sometimes less as you think fit Note that in the affections of the Womb are usually taken among the powders Gallia and Alipta Moscata and sometimes the powders of strengthening electuaries to one dram And sometimes a Fumigation or Suffiment is made only of Tobacco cast on coals or else of the smoke taken by a pipe or tunnel it purgeth the head and brain wonderfully from cholerick and phlegmatick excrements 2. Else in the form of Troschischs see before The VSE and FORM of the Powder â„ž c. Make a powder of which cast c. on bright coals and if it be for the head receive the smoke at the mouth or else smoke the headclothes with it if it be for the diseases of other parts springing from thence as the Phthisis c. if it be for the breast receive it with open mouth if it be for the Womb and other cavities receive the smoke by a tunnel as also thorow a hollow stool if it be for paines of the joynts fume wel
cotton c. and apply it But of the Troschischs ℞ c. Make Troschischs see before The VTILITY is as is said either to strengthen or alter diversly usually to dry the brain and consume Catarrhs strengthen for Phlegm contained in the breast in divers affections to dry the ulcers of the lungs of Tobacco Coltsfoot Brimstone c. to provoke or stop the courses of fit things as also to stay the Fluxes of the belly as the dysentery against fits of the mother of ill-scented things to the superior and sweet scented things to the inferior parts to dry and strengthen the womb and help conception for Ulcers of the ears nose mouth lungs womb c. for the French Pox of Cinnaber as is usual whose fume received in a close place cures that filthy disease by a spetting Flux and all affections depending thereon as Ulcers pains And t is usually made in the form of a powder or Troschisch as ℞ Cinnaber one ounce and a half Gum balf an ounce four dram of a strengthening powder two drams three drams make a powder or else with turpentine make Troschischs The MOYST Suffiment is otherwise properly called a vapor and is made of a liquor fit for the purpose sending forth a vapor by the help of boyling it T is COMPOSED 1. Either of a simple liquor as vinegar wine Aqua vitae or Rose water c. Note that sometimes red hot flints are quenched in the vinegar for the discussing of hard Oedematous swellings as also red hot tyles to be quenched in vinegar and the vapor received as is usual in the time of the pestilence 2. Or of the decoction of fit simples to be prescribed in the quantity of the fomentation or according to the ampleness of the part Therefore in affections of the ears a third part of that will suffice The VSE and FORM ℞ c. make a decoction whose vapor let them receive in affections of the womb and others also thorow a hollow stool and a leaden Pipe or Tunnel see the Insession in affections of the ears by a Pipe or Tunnel which they vulgarly call an EMBOIE The UTILITY is great especially in affections of the Womb in staying or provoking the courses of mollifiers and attenuators in the dysentery of binders in divers affections of the Anus or Fundament in stopping and easing the Hemorrhoids they are also prescribed for affections of the ears and eyes In general they may be used to dry binde relax mollifie discuss open c. CHAP. X. Of Odoraments or Perfumes THey are prescribed partly for delight partly for health but chiefly to alter the brain refresh the animal spirits to put away ill sents and infectious ayre for the increasing the vigour and spirits of the heart also the sent of them being attracted with the breath into the Lungs and thence to the heart They are made of sweet smelling things and are either dry or moist Dry Perfumes These are Compounded 1 In the forme of a powder see the suffiments but the quantity of this is to be limited according to the manner of using it if it be for the greater baggs 't is best to use the Violet or Cipreos powder but for the lesser sort two or three ounces wil serve yet so that the quantity of the gums be diminished see above which in a box bored ful of holes or otherwise you may hold to the nose in a little knot or bagg of silk 2. Or in the form of a Pomander of the powder aforesaid in Suffiment for pleasure to one ounce an ounce and a half or two ounces adding Musk Ambergreese Civet to grains 6. half a scruple or a scruple as you please And 't is made up either with Gum tragant dissolved in Rose water so make two Pomanders to be carried in the hands or which is better let them be incorporated with Ladanum dissolved so make a Pomander which anoint with some sweet oyl Note also that t is better for your Musk Ambergreese Civet not to go into the Composition but to wipe the outside of it over with them dissolved as also with oyl of Cinnamom Cloves c. alone or mixt and to renew them often 3. Or in the form of Globulets or beads made of the same masse as the powders are but the proportion of it must be according to the quantity you intend to make to which the Apothecaries to increase the quantity of them add willow charcole finely powdered 4. Or in the form of a perfumed sope for the washing of the hands and head of Venice sope or other white sope to 4 ounces sweet powder six drams and if you wil Musk or Ambergreece gr 3 4 c. with a sufficient quantity of Rose water incorporate and make bals great or little The VSE let the sent of them be often snuffed up but the scope is onely to cleanse the hands and head from filthiness c. The VTILITY is expressed at first Moist Perfumes They are Compounded 1. in the form of sweet water and this is either simple as Orange-flower water to 3 ounces of which you may add of Musk or Ambergreese gr 2 or 3 The Compound is made of Odoriferous things liquid as rose-Rose-water Orange-flower water c. 4 ounces Cinnamon water one ounce and dry things as of sweet powders to 2 3 or 4 drams and if you wil some few grains of Musk and Ambergreese 2. Or in the Form of a Liniment which now adayes they cal sweet balsam of white wax often washed and melted one ounce of some convenient chymical oyls one dram and if you wil Musk Civet Ambergreese some few grains or more coursly of half an ounce of sweet powder wax 3 drams oyl of Ben or of sweet Almonds q. s so maken Liniment adding Musk Ambergreese c. to some few grains The VSE of the water is to wash the hands beard and hair of the head chiefly The use of the Balsam and its utility is the same as that of the dry perfume the hand also may be lightly smeared and the inside of the nostrils to avoid stenches to comfort the brain and heart and the spirits of both CHAP. XI Of the Scute IT is in general a topical Medicine for the stomack made in the form of a Scutcheon which seeing it is usually made both of plaisters and baggs custome hath so far prevailed the strengthening bagg is often used for the Scute 'T is COMPOVNDED therefore 1. in the form of a bagg of the powders of heating stomachical stomachical things observing these rules in every thing that are set down for your Quilt Caps from whose Form it onely differs in the use so that 〈◊〉 the proportion of the powder be also two ounces 2. Or in the form of a Plaister of the mass of some stomachical plaister as Empl. de Mastiche 2 ounces and of some stomachical powder to half an ounce to which also are sometimes added wel sented gums to 2 drams and are all made up with
Pessary is others will have it signifie a node or pencil 't is invented for Virgins sake who for shame or modesty refuse a Pessary or for Women who cannot admit them as when they have Vlcers Whatsoever is the reason they are COMPOVNDED in the manner of a Node or Pencil and are very soft of fine locks of cotton or wool moistened either with some fit juyce or oyntment or other things aforesaid the quantity of which is scarce limited generally a flock of VVool is prescribed to be imbued with q. s of such a thing Such are made for fits of the Mother a flock of cotton being sleightly rubbed with Givet or Musk dissolved in nard oyl as above The VSE is as of Pessaries The VTILITT in Virgins is the same as of the other in VVomen they are made for Ulcers in the neck of the womb and paines of it CHAP. XIII Of a Suppository T Is a topical Medicine used to the fundament or anus three or four inches in length slender and round like a smal candle of old in the form of an acorn from whence they were called of the Greeks Balanoi at this day t is commonly called a Suppository chiefly to move the belly to stool and for some other afsections And 't is either simple or compound The Simple This is made either of the stalk or root of Beets Colewort or Marshmallows the outward rind peeled of to which is added sometimes salt to augment the provocative virtue rubbed on the outside so smoothed over with oyl they are put up also of the stalk of a Leek anointed with butter or white sope sharpned like a suppository also honey alone boyled to a hard consistence for so it becomes more sharp The Compound This is made of Honey as the basis boyled til it wil not stick to the fingers then adding powders to it neer this proportion as to one ounce you may add one dram or 4 scruples of powder at the most according as the powder is lighter in weight or stronger in operation which quantity wil serve for two or three suppositories But the Honey is boyled by it self or with fit juyces to irritate or for other purposes of which let there be an ounce or an ounce and a half The USE and FORM â„ž c. Make suppositories one of which let be put up first being anointed with oyl or butter when need requires so that if they be purgative once or twice a day wil suffice if onely to alter they may be used oftener if they consist of Narcoticks for paines let them not stay too long lest they induce a Palsie and therefore thy use to be fastened to a thread that they may be drawn forth at pleasure neither ought they often to be used The UTILITY in general is two-fold either to provoke the expulsive Faculty to stool oâ— else for the proper affections of the Anus and streight gut The Belly is to be moved with a suppository either when the age of the Patient wil not receive a clyster as in sucking children or in humorous people whose custom and waywardness wil not admit of one as usually in Virgins also when clysters put up work not as in the cholick is seen or when purging Medicines taken down do not move as they should or when the dung staies in the belly only for want of irritating or when it is so hardened in the streight gut that you cannot put up a clyster And lastly when the expulsive Faculty is unmindful of his office and sluggish Also to revel or withdraw when humours tend wholly up to the head and midrise or otherwise when for revulsion sake they are to be drawn down or purged forth as generally in cold and sleepy affections of the head in which the expulsive faculty benummed is by this means excited or also when Clysters offend the sick c. And bsides this scope of purging they are made for the proper affections of anus and streight gut of honey as the basis and other matter serving to the intention after the manner aforesaid so to open the hemorrhoids with sharp things to stop them with other fit things also for Tenesmus Ascarides Ulcers the Relaxation and Palsie of the Sphincter and pains with appropriated powders mixed with honey in the aforesaid proportion And mark that concerning the matter of laxative Suppositories some are gentler as the simples afore recited for infants others stronger which consist of Salt Mouse-dung purging powders simple as Aloes Agarick Senna or compound as usually Hiera Piera and also other strong things the use of which is chiefly in the sleepy affections as Sal Gem Sal Ammoniack Salt Peeter and Purgers simple as Coloquintis or compound as Hiera diacoloquintida to half a scruple or one scruple also if for pains opium be admitted t is to be done warily for fear of a Palsie and you should scarce ascend to half a scruple CHAP. XIV Of a Clister IT signifies a washing from the Greek word Elyzo and in Greek is called Clyster and from its being injected Enema from Eniemi to inject in general it signifies any Lotion or Injection into any part but particularly that which is injected by the fundament And this may be accounted threefold purging altering and strengthening A Purging Clister Is COMPOVNDED of a fit liquor in which together with honey sugar and oyl are dissolved divers purgers and therefore so many things are to be considered in the composition but chiefly two the liquor of which t is made and the things to be dissolved in it The Liquor as to its quality is either the common decoction for Clisters usual in the shops or a Magisterial decoction prescribed according to the urgent occasion and intention of the Physitian of convenient things and is either Altering or Purging The Altering which is most usual is composed of fit mollifying things heating or cooling according to the intention of roots leaves seeds fruits flowers neer this proportion as of roots two or three ounces leaves four handfuls seeds six drams or one oune or an ounce and a half at most fruits pa. eight flowers pugil three If you would make it purgative you may do it by adding for phlegme of Carthamus seed bruised 6 drams or one ounce Agarick tied up like a node in a ragg 3 drams Elect-Turbith 2 drams for Melancholy 1 ounce or 6 drams of Senna Polipody an ounce which is very rare all which are to be added after the roots and are prescribed to be boyled after the seeds also all these are boyled in a convenient liquor or in water only But this is rare to boyl in purgers because purgers are afterwards dissolved in it which wil be sufficient As to the quantity of the Liquor it varies according to the age of the party very much for 3 ounces wil serve for a child of 4 or 5 moneths old if one bigger 5 or 6 drams for people of ripe age usually lib. 1. for great men lib. one and a half But
oppressing the natural heat CHAP. XV. Of divers Injections BEsides those Injections that are made into the fundament others also are prescribed for divers parts of the body as into the Ears Womb Bladder Yard Vlcerous cavities especially Fistuloes and are by a general name also called Clisters Of that into the Ears They are COMPOUNDED 1. Either of oyls only or juyces waters decoction fit for the purpose according to the variety of the affections 2. Or of 2 or 3 or more of the aforesaid mixed together in which sometimes things serving to a diverse scope are dissolved but in a small quantity and these which are almost liquid themselves As to the quantity of liquid things Of Oyls half an ounce an ounce or six drams wil suffice according to its efficacy and the continuance of its use Juices VVaters Decoctions one or two ounces either several or mixed according also to their efficacy and the use wil be enough As to the quantity of things to be dissolved it must be smal because of the exquisite sense and smalnesse of the part if they be powders half a scruple or a scruple if fat things two drams Honey half an ounce c. wil be sufficient at most The USE and FORM â„ž c. drop into the ear two or three drops according to the faculty of the Medicine and sometimes the ear is to be filled with the Liquor but a little after holding down the head it is to be cleansed as chiefly when we use the Decoction If it be Oyl only some few drops are poured in after the ear is stopped with perfumed cotton especially if it be a cold affection The UTILITY 't is chiefly used for inflammations Ulcers noyses deafnesse Worms and other particular affections of the Ears See the Magazeen Physical Of that into the Womb. They are otherwise called hysterical Clysters and the pipe by which they are injected into the Womb is by the Greeks called a Metrenchite and the medicines from that Metrenchiticks They are COMPOUNDED 1. In relation to their quality as of the decoction of roots leaves c. in the quantity as for a Clyster of wch liquorstrained take 3 or 4 ounces make an Injection yet they reserve one pint for many Injectons Note that thus is made the Injection simply but sometimes and that usually other things are added diversly according to the scope as is said in an altering Clyster and that to half or a third part of the quantity of that 2. Or of the juice of Herbs clarified 3. Or of distilled waters 4. Or of some other simple Liquor See the Clyster 5. Or of those mixt together so that 3 or 4 ounces may suffice for an injection in which if any things serve to the same intention you may dissolve them in the aforesaid proportion The USE and FORM â„ž c. Make an injection into the Womb by a Metrenchite or Womb Clysterpipe The VTILITY may be for divers affections of the Womb as inflammations ulcers paines windiness to heat cool to provoke the courses or stay them bring down the after-birth for the falling out of the Womb and to cleanse it from divers impurities see for matter among the hysterical things in the following physical Magazeen or other tables Of those for the Yard and Bladder These are Compounded of a convenient liquor as hath been often said simple or compound See the altering Clyster they are also made of Emulsions as in the running of the Reins sharpnesse of the Urine c. As to the quantity three ounces or four ounces wil suffice Note that in this sometimes nothing sometimes honey chiefly or some fit syrup is to be dissolved to an ounce and sometimes the powders of divers things but ground to an exact Alchool to a dram a dram and a half or two drams The VSE â„ž c. Make an injection by a syringe sometimes when the way to the bladder is stopped 't is prescribed to be done by a Catheter The VTILITY 't is chiefly to cleanse both slime sticking to the orifice of the bladder and also filth from Ulcers for paines exulcerations excrescences of the flesh c. for heat and inflammation as usually in the virulent Gonorrhea and dry Ulces c Of those for Vlcerous Cavities and Fistula's They are COMPOVNDED of a fit Liquor proportioned to the largenesse of the Fistula in which are dissolved fit things and that somewhat plentifully where we must imitate other particular Injections viz. to the quantity of the Liquor and things to be dissolved The VSE make an injection by a Syring The VTILITY for the lessening of the callous or hardness of Fistulaes but chiefly for cleansing them to breed flesh and cicatrize matter for which you may see in his proper place God be praised FINIS An Appendix of the doses of Purgers given in substance of which there is frequent use in the treatise of the Composition of Medicines Cholagogues or Medicines purging Choler The gentler sort Cassia from half an ounce to an ounce and a half and two ounces Manna 1 ounce 2 ounces 3 ounces Tamarinds 1 ounce 2 ounces 3 ounces Juice of Roses one ounce one ounce and a half two ounces Moderate Purgers Aloes one dram two drams two drams and a half Rheubarb one dram one dram and a half two drams Citrine Myrobolanes two drams three drams half an ounce five drams The vehement sort Scammony gr six fifteen one scruple Paulus Etius to one dram Mesues gr 12. Melanagogues or Medicines purging Melancholy The gentler sort Senna 2 scruples 1 dram 2 drams some to three drams Polipody of Oak 2 3 drams half an ounce Epithimum 2 3 drams half an ounce The more violent sort Black Hellebore gr 15. half a dram two scruples Mes one dram Lapis Armenius lotus half a dram a dram a dram and a half unwasht a dram only Lap. Lazuli lotus half a dram a dram and half Mesues from two drams to two drams and a half Phlegmagogueâ— or purgers of Phlegme Gentle Carthamus soed a dram half an ounce six drams Moderate Agarick 2 scruples 1 2 drams Violent Turbith 2 scauples 1 dram 4 scruples Mesues 3 handfuls from one dram to two Hermodactils 2 scruples a dram a dram and half Mes a dram and half to three drams Mechoacan 2 scruples a dram a dram and half or two drams at most Jalap 2 scruples 1 dram 4 scruples at most Coloquintis gr 6.15 one scruple Dioscorides to two scruples Opopanax to halfe dram and a dram Sagapene half a dram and a dram Euphorbium gr 3 8 12. Hydragogues or purgers of Watrish humours Gentle as of dwarf Elder or Danewort The Seed one dram The Bark two drams The Juice half an ounce six drams So Elder in the same manner Vehement Soldanella a dram a dram and a half two drams Juyce of Ireos half an ounce 6 drams 1 ounce Elaterium gr 6. half a scruple gr 15. Esula prepared the same Mechencan and Jalap Of these see in the
the grasse benerth The Election That is to be chosen that is white new not more then a year old for that which is red or brown is too old round whose grains being broken are not spnngy nor ash'coloured but solid and white The Qualities According to Avicen and Mesue 't is temperate to Averrhoes 't is hot and moist it opens mollifiers smooths gently moves the belly draws forth choler and purgeth watrish humors chiefly dedicated to the wind-pipe and breast hence it is profitably used in hectical Fevers and to quench thirst 't is lesse useful in burning Fevers for its sweetness for which reason it easily turneth into choler 't is safely given both to Women with child and children The Correctors Because it is flatulent 't is corrected with a little Cinnamon Ginger or Aniseed and because 't is slow of operation 't is usually quickened with syrup of Roses solutive or some gently purging decoction some add two three or four grains of Diagridium The Dose Is from an ounce to two or three ounces but commonly to an ounce and a half and to children one ounce Mesues appoints from six drams to fifteen but perhaps he meant the best sort of Masticine Manna The form of giving it 'T is given iâ— the form of a potion dissolved in the broth of a Chicken in which 't is scarcely perceived or in VVhey or in some decoction or in a convenient water In the Cholick with oyl of sweet Almonds to which a little Malmsey should be added sometimes t is prescribed to be eaten down TAMARINDS The Kind T Is a fruit of a certain kind of Indian tree which the Arabians have referred to the kind of dates as if it were the fruit of a wild Datetree because t is called the Indian date for Tamar in their language signifies Date But they have not properly called this fruit Dates as if the tree were of the kinds of Dates or like a Date tree but more respecting the similitude of the fruit which also contain little stones in them as Dates do then which they had found no fitter name but the pulp of this Fruit onely is in use the stones being to be cast away The Election Those Tamarinds are the best that are fat and pulpy brown sharp and soft from whence they were called Oxyphaenica The Qualities They are cold and dry in the second degree as Mesues writes and that to the height as Brassavolus and as Avicen saith in the third they mitigate humours too much burnt especially choler they move the belly and purge choler therefore are profitably used in vomitings to quench thirst in madness and for those that are obstructed hydropical sick of the Jaundies and Spleen-sick they also prevent all exulcerations of the skin hapning through too much torrifying of the blood as the Scabs Leprosie Frâ—ckles and Ring-worms The Correction They hurt by their coldness a cold stomack and are of slow operation and are therefore corrected with Mace Mastick Cinnamon and Spiâ—enard and are quickened with whey of Goats milk Juice of Fumitory or Hops Manna or Cassia The Dose Is from one ounce to two and three ounces which varies according to the manner of giving them The manner of giving them They are given either in the form of a bole or potion if in the form of a bole then the masse of them is first to be washed with a pestle after driven through a hair sieve placed over steeming hot water and afterwards adding correctors to the proportion as is said in the Cassia with Sugar make a bole But for the most part Tamarinds are not given alone but to half an ounce of the pulp of Tamarinds is added one ounce of Cassia then adding Correctors as is said in Cassia make a bole the form of a potion is used either in an infusion or a decoction The infusion is made thus they are steeped in Endive water three hours afterwards make an expression and give the strained Liquor with Sugar The decoction is made thus â„ž of Tamarinds one ounce boyl in it ten ounces of VVhey or some other broth altered with Hops or Fumitory til two ounces be wasted strain them thorow a thick cloth take of the strained Liquor two five or six ounces with Sugar make a potion The Dose of the decoction and infusion is the same viz. from â„¥ ii to â„¥ v. or â„¥ vi JUYCE of ROSES Roses used in the Shops are white red damask either common or musked The Kind This is the juyce drawne forth of the damask Roses or else from the musked white ones not the common ones wherewith rose Gardens abound but either of the damask or musked Election The juyce of the musked Roses and damask Roses is to be preferred before the juyce of other pale Roses and the juyce of Roses full blowne is better then that of the buds The Qualities This juyce is hot and dry in the first degree though Roses themselves be cold in the first and dry in the second degree the reason according to Mesues is because the juyce is here separated from the earthy and cold substance It discusseth cleanseth opens purgeth choler and yellow watrish humors and moves the courses gently therefore not to be given to women with child 'T is good for the liver and heart and is used in obstructions of the liver and pantings of the heart as also in cholerick Feavers for it purgeth humours that cause these diseases it strengthens the bowels by purging them and there is no malignity in it The Dose and manner of giving it 'T is given from â„¥ i. to â„¥ ii with sugred water or according to Mesues with whey or honey giving â„¥ i. of the juyce of Roses with â„¥ ii or â„¥ iii. of whey but now with us is prepared an infusion of damask Roses and of that is made syrup of Roses solutive simple called Muchard and compound also honey of Roses solutive and out of the juyce is prepared Electuary of the juyce of Roses but this is of red Roses RUBARB The Kind 'T is called Rubarb by an Antonomasia figuratively and is a famous root of a barbarous people in the East Indies or of some Province of Barbary called the Trogloditick but very ill so esteemed For as Garcias ab horte Lib. 1. c. 37. and Linscot Par. 4. Ind. Orient Cap. 29. there is no Rubarb in India but onely in China where it growes from whence it is carried to Ormur through Tartary and thence into India and againe by the Westerne Tartars into Turkey and so to Venice from whence the other Kingdomes of Europe are stored with it This Root was unknown to Galen and Dioscorides and therefore diverse think amisse that this is the Rhapontick of Dioscorides and Galen and so confound that with our Rubarb For the Rheum of Dioscorides hath no purging quality and besides wants the markes of the true Rubarb for Rubarb is in substance compact weighty and brittle bitter in tast and sharp in smell of a
Fruits in six times their quantity of Water 7. Concerning Clarification note that if we desire the decoction the stronger it is not to be clarified therefore they do il who boyl it again and clarifie it with the white of an Egge because by that means the virtue and essence wasteth it should therefore be thus appointed first it should be placed in Balneo Mariae or in a pot wel stopped over warm ashes so is the virtue preserved and the dregg and residence which otherwise would make it apt to putrifie wil settle to the bottom and the thin liquor clear in the upper part as if clarified may be kept for use 8. Concerning the Form of PRESCRIPTION these few things are also to be noted that fit words in prescribing forms and ingredients ought to be observed by an Artist lest he be derided or seem unskilful therefore these following things are wont thus to be prescribed â„ž Of the common or opening or diueretical roots macerated a night in white Wine for cold obstructions or for them whom Vinegar hurts or Vinegar c. Liquorice shaved and a little bruised c. The Bark of the roots of Capers c. The middle Bark of Ash c. The middle Bark of Tamarisk which three Barks are alway prescribed by the Montpellians in Obstructions and Melancholy affections The leaves of Borage Bugloss Dandelion Sorrel Cichory Endive with the roots or with the whole c. The tops of Fumitory Hops Mallows Hysop Wormwood Pontick or the tufts of it c. Whole Barley where you would cleanse and open huld Barley where you would lenifie and in the affections of the Brest The seeds of Melons and Gourds cleansed or the kernels of the seeds of Melons and Gourds c. Red Vetches c. Juniper berries c. Pippins pared and cut in slices N. 1 2 3. Raisins of the Sun picked and stoned c. Dates cleansed from their strings c. Fat Figgs or new Figgs c. Sweet Prunes c. Kernels of Pine Nuts washed c. Make a Decoction in Barley-water perfectly boyled c. CHAP. II. Of Julebs THis Medicine used chiefly for alteration unknown to the antientest Greeks is the invention of the Arabian so called because it is made of sweet and pleasâ—nt things the word Julep or Juleb signifying in the Persian tongue a sweet potion but the latter Greeks after the manner of the Arabians cal it Julapium and Jolabion which words yet remain among Physitians although the thing it self be grown out of use This is found two-fold among Authors one of the Antients another of modern Writers The Juleb of the Antients is wholly different from ours but simple consisting of some juyce distild water insusion of Barley or the decoction of one thing and sugar most commonly made for present use as was usually the Juleb of Roses otherwise called Alexandrinus or Regis most famous against thirst and heat But the Julep of modern Writers which is at this day every where prescribed retains the name of the Antients not the form and is every where called a Julep although some very late Writers cal it a syrup or Seraâ—ium as to this day some Italians do perhaps because a syrup is the basis of Juleps but at Montpâ—llier they are called Juleps But a JULEP is a fluid Medicine composed of an appropriate Liquor and Syrup and sometimes Sugar mixed together without boyling for 〈◊〉 or five doses either to prepare or alter humors otherwise or to strengthen the body Hence this altering Medicine may be judged twofold either it prepares the humors for purgation as the praepotions of the ancient Greeks which were fore running potions of general purgations which may therfore rightly be called a concocting potion or else alters the humours without any scope or intention of purging as also the spirits and other parts of the body hither appertain a strengthening and Cordial Julep In this three things are to be considered the Composition the use and the benefit In the Composition two things chiefly are to be weighed 1. An appropriat Liquor of which it is to be made 2. What things are to be dissolved in it In the Liquor two things are to be regarded the quality and quantity In relation to the Quality either there is prescribed a single distilled water regarding both the affection and the affected part which is most frequent especially in the winter time for the defect of Herbs either for a Julep to prepare the humors or alter them any other way or strengthen the faculties of the body Or else a distilled water and a juyce together which is most usual for a Cordial and strengthning Julep Or else a decoction for simple potions to be prescribed in half the quantity of an Apozem and almost in the same manner which is often to be put in practice for the concoction and alteration of humors But the quantity for every dose of Liquor is to be prescribed to three ounces or four ounces so that when the Julep is prescribed for 3 or 4 doses the quantity of the Liquor for the whole Julep should be eight ounces or twelve ounces if for 3 doses to twelve ounces or sixteen ounces for four doses having in the interim regard to the age and growth of the body for 4 ounces wil hardly be sufficient for great bodies unless it be powerful in virtue or strong in taste We must mark that when distilled waters and Juyces are prescribed together sometimes they are prescribed in equal quantities sometimes the Juyce sometimes the water exceeds each other two or three ounces but you must observe that when the Juyce that is added is sowr or sharp one ounce or two ounces will be enough for a Julep of two doses Things to be dissolved are considered in respect of their quality and quantity A to their quantity either it is sugar alone which is seldom seen or some appropriate syrup respecting both the affection and part affected which is generally received every where Besides these sweetners some other thing is alwayes to be dissolved in a Julep sometimes therfore there is dissolved 1. In a preparing Julep if you prescribe it of a decoction like apozems the same things that are dissolved in altering Apozems as aforesaid for this kinde of Julep is as it were a pretty Apor zem 2. In a Cordial or strengthning Julep either some cordial Confection and that alone as confectio Alkermes de Hiachintho especially where we are to strengthen in fluxes of the belly smal pox Worms or Treacle in contagious times Or eâ—se some Cordial powder alone and that either simple and this again arematical as Saunders or not aromatical as is usual in the smal Pox as of Harts-horn Ivory Coral-Pearls Vnicorns horn and also in other malignant humors in the Worms as also Coralline among them c. Or compound as the powder of some elect â—ary of the shops as species of Diamargariti frigidi c. as your indications
before said in the purging decoction which is also a received practice And the use of this is as those before either to infuse boyl or dissolve purgers in I â— INFUSION as to infusion you must understand that here by that word is meant the maceration or steeping of any thing in a fit Liquor wherby it's virtue loosened from its earthy body is conveyed after the manner of tinctures into the liquor which impregnated with those virtues is called an infusion or dilution In it two things are considerable 1. The purgers that are to be infused and 2. The Liquor in which they are to be macerated In both the quality and quantity are to be regarded The things to be infused in respect of their quality may be al purgers as Senna Agarick c. except Manna and also Aloes and Coloquintida for their bitterness for at this day in Paris they often infuse Cassia Fistula In relation to their Quantity if the infusion only should be sufficiently purging without dissolving any other either simple or compound Cathartick in the strained Liquor they ought to be prescribed in a larger quantity than if they were given in substance yea in a double proportion if they are the stronger sort or in a treble quantity if they are the gentler sort adding also their proper correctors to a four-fold proportion if strong or to a six-fold quantity if weaker The Liquor as to the quality is either simple as common water which draws forth the virtues of things but slowly or some certain distilled water especially in hot affections Whey of Milk in Melancholy the broth of flesh and Aqua vitae which is indued with a wonderful faculty of extracting the virtues dissolving the spirits and operating substance of things and attracting it to it self in which it surpasseth all others and therefore chiefly to be used for cold affections and infusions to correct Phlegme and Melancholy a smal portion of it being mixt with the Liquor of the iâ—fusion White Wine is next in praise for extracting and inbibing the virtues of things w'h is most fit in cold affections if you make the infusion in it and water of each a like quantity or otherwise you may find some other convenient Liquor Or else compound as some of the aforesaid decoctions The Quantity is not determined but left to the discretion of the Apothecary is prescribed by the Physitian with q-s. that is a sufficient quantity But although in general the infusion of Catharticks be so used as is said that of all or either you may excusedly prepare an insusion for purges to better purpose than when they are boyled as is said in the Apozem yet more specially of late iâ— is grown in use only to have two kindes of infuâ—â—ons for the Liquor of a purging potion which as most usual are wont to be generally prescribed 〈◊〉 An infusion of Rhoubarb alone to one dram or a dram and a half correctives as Cinamom or Spikenard being added to gr 6 or helf a scruple in cold persons or else in hot tempers yellow Saunders to half a scruple for the liquor of a Cholagogue potion as also for a Phlegmagogue 2. Or the infusion of Rheubarb from 〈◊〉 dram to a dram and half 2 scruples of Agarick being newly made into trosches being added with his correctors for a phlegmagogue potion or where Phlegme and Choler are mixed together An infusion is usually made in the distill'd waters of Endive and Succory as in Châ—l rick people or Plant ain water if a flux of he belly be present it may also be made either in an altering or purging decoction or some of the afore-mentioned or in some other approprâ—â—t Liquâ—r III. A DECOCTION and INFUSION together are very usual when it shal be prescribed let such purgers with their Correctors be infused in s q. of some of the above-mentioned decoctions to which purpose are Rheubarb and Agarick only usually admitted so at this day it is most usual and frequent to have the decoction oâ— Senna rescribed to be mixed with the infusion of â—heubarb alone or Agarick according as the indications require a potion purging either Phlegme Melancholy or adust choler IV. Any other LIQUOR that can satisfie the intention of the Physitian is sometimes taken to make a purging potion and dissolve Cathâ—rticks in as for example any of these as Diacarthamum and may be prescribed to half an ounce or six drams to be dissolved in such a water or broth and to be made into a potion and this is chiefly useful when sometimes as in a sudden case through the urgency of the affection or the shortness of time or want of leisure or for other inconveniences decoctions or infusions cannot be prepared As to the quality of the Liquor some distilled water respecting the part affected and humor that is to be evacuated is to be chosen or broth so we usually prescribe Manna to be taken in broth either simple of flesh or else of a chick alter'd with cooling herbs for the cholerick so for phlegm a tablet of Diacarthamum is usually prescribed with them or else white Wine with which the root Mechoacan and Jalop which of late is come in use for the same things that Mechoacan is used are usually taken in substance to one dram or one dram and a half after they have slightly infused for phlegmatick and serous humors or else Whey of Milk or Mead but this matter is treated of thrice before As to the quantity the dose of the liquor in which the things are to be dissolved varies much according to the age of the Patient for to Boyes two ounces wil suffice to Youths three ounces to elder people four or five ounces at most because seeing they require a greater quantity of purging Medicines to be moved with all unless you dilute them with a considerable quantity of Liquor your potions wil be too thick and ungrateful Things to be DISSOLVED are considered either in quantity or quality In relation to the quality there are dissolved 1. Purgers viz. when the Liquor of the potion is little or not enough purgative which because it usually happens there are for the most part alwayes purgers dissolved in it 2. Alterers viz. tweetners which are alwayes to be dissolved in it for the better relish sake Purgers that are to be dissolved in it are either simple or compound Simples are Manna Cassia which are usual in purging choler gently as also to lenifie the affections of the Breast and Reins or hard dry viz. in the form of powder as usually the powder of Rheubarb in the spitting of blood dysentery or other flux of the belly c. Mechoacan for phlegmatick and waterish humors and the root of Jalopâ— which of late is used in the room of Mechoacan Compounds are either officinal or magisterial Officinal or the purgers of the shops are either syrups as syrup of Roses solutive of Succory with Rheubarb of Fumitory compound De pomis Regis Sabor
if to be had honey of Roses strained Or Electuaries which are either soft as Opiates or solid as Tabulets Opiates either purge al humors as Catholicon or phlegm only as Diaphoenicon Indum minus benedicta Laxativa Hiera picra though unpleasantly or Choler as Diaprunum simplex Diacassia Tryphera Persica Diaprunum solutivum Electuar of Roses Mesues Electuary de Psillio or Phlegm and Choler together as Diaphoenicum Indum minus or Melancholy as Catholicon best of al Diasenna solutive Confectio hamech minor or else watrish humors as Benedicta laxative solid Electuaries either respect choler as Eleci de succo rosar or phlegme as Diacarthamum Electuary de citro solutives or Choler and Phlegme together as the two last Or some powder extant in the shops as Diaturbith in Germany for phlegm and waterish humors Magisterial purgers use to be prescribed by the Physitian for present use and as is the infusion of Rhuebarb alwayes prescribed but chiefly for cholerick humours thus let the infusion of 1 dram or a dram and a half of Rheubarb made in Endive or Succory water or else the expression of one dram or a dram and half of Rheubarb or the infused Liquor of one dram or a dram and a half of Rheubarb for these three wayes sound the same thing ALTERERS or Sweetners besides those now mentioned are usually syrups but Manna is often given alone with broth Diacarthamum Rheubarb Mechoacam are most commonly prescribed to be taken in white Wine And these in respect of their quality are onely used as alterers if the decoction or infusion be sufficiently purging it self or if a sufficient quantity of other purgers be dissolved in the strained Liquor and those respecting both the humour and part affected from whence succeeds a happy event Or purgers also when things are otherwise and the most usual for al potions almost is syrup of Roses solutive But in relation to the quantity in general the dose of the purgers to be dissolved shal be more or less according as the decoction or infusion or both shal be nothing at al or more or less purging for Catharticks are to be dissolved in such a quantity that they may make one whole and allowable dose with the simple purgers if any be either decocted or infused which may easily be known by the several doses both of simple and compound purgers as for example the dose of Senna in a decoction that it may only moderately purge is an ounce or an ounce and a half or rather from half an ounce to an ounce of Rhubarb in the infusion that it might moderately purge frō a dram and half to half an ounce so that if you prescribe a decoction of half an ounce of Senna in which it should be infused because half an ounce is onely one third of the dose in which it may be given that is of an ounce and a half in which it purgeth moderately and also prescribe one dram of Rhuebarb which is but a fourth part of the whole dose of Rheubarb it comes to pass that these joyned make only 7 twelfths of the whole dose which make not up the whole dose by five twelfths to supply wch you must dissolve so much of some fit Electuary as may make the dose compleat as Electuary Diacarthamum whose dose since it is fix drams you must borrow from thence 7 twelfths viz. two drams a half so have you the proportion which may allowably be dissolved that with the help of the others it may moderately purge the body where other contingencies are indifferent And thus the dose of those things that are to be dissolved is to be examined that al things may be prescribed safely not dangerously or by chance But in special when the Liquor of a potion is little or nothing purging at Montpellier for a body where al things are moderate we may dissolve Manna to 2 ounces or 3 ounces Cassia in a smal quantity and not unless some powerful indication require it as in lenifying the affections of the breast and Reins because it makes potions gross and ungrateful if it should be dissolved in his legitimate dose therefore 't wil be best to dissolve not above three drams or four drams but that this smal quantity may be made up you may add the stronger sort of purging electuaries to three drams or half an ounce wherefore usually that it may be more acceptable in potions 't were better to infuse it as they do at Paris Rheubarb if it be dissolved in substance against the dysentery or flux of the belly c. you may do it to one scruple half a dram or one dram for a purging powder should not much exceed one dram otherwise it may be too thick and thereby ungrateful Mechoacan to one dram and a dram and half Jalop to one dram Syrup of Roses solutive new to three ounces and four ounces for old syrup is not used Some things are seldom used or dissolved to purge by themselves as the syrup of Roses solutive unless in delicate persons as to them that are easily purged or else as it is sometimes when the decoction of it self is very purgative Electuaries of the shops in the form of opiats if gentle as diaprunis simple diacassia Tryphera Persica Diasebesten Catholicon though seldom to one ounce or an ounce and half at most for in a greater quantity they thicken the Liquor too much diaprunis solutive and Electuary de Psillio to half an ounce six drams or one ounce at most for strong people Indum minus Diaphoenicum from three drams to six drams Benedicta laxativa from two drams to five drams But those which are in the form of Tabulets as diacarthamum de citro solutive de succo rosarum from 3 drams to six drams at most in the strongest people The dose of the infusion of Rheubarb is above-mentioned Sweetning syrups when altering although purgers are only dissolved from one ounce to an ounce and half when purging from one ounce to half an ounce unless you would purge with them only which is seldom seen The USE and FORM of prescribing is various according to the variety of the Liquor I. If the Liquor be any of the above-mentioned decoctions 't is prescribed ℞ c. viz. the said ingredients make a decoction in q. s. of a fit Liquor to three ounces or four ounces strain in it c. or without straining make a decoction c. take of the strained Liquor three ounces or four ounces for either way is usual in which dissolve c. make a potion to be taken in the morning with care and order having eaten a light supper the night before But if you would not describe your decoction at length 't wil be sufficient if having set down the purgers you prescribe any as for example the decoction of Endive Agrimony Maidenbair c. Make a potion c. II. If of any officinal decoction ℞ c. viz. the things that are to be dissolved with q.
more exactly to be weighed in which two things are chiefly to be considered viz 1. The sugar or sometimes Honey which is only as the subject to receive the essence of the simples and preserve their virtues 2. That virtue or essence consisting in the Juyce Infusion or Decoction from whence the syrup hath his force or energie as the conservation of that essence from the sugar the syrup being composed by the union of both through the evaporation of the superfluous humidity Now every one knows that if you dissolve one pound of Sugar in any quantity of Liquor it may easily be boyled to the consistence of a syrup that is also apparent and approved to them that know the making of extracts that the Liquor in which the essence was diffused and with which it was drawn forth which is correspondent to the Juyces whether it be 2 3 6 or 8 pound c. may be wholly evaporated set in Balneo or over ashes the essence by little and little taking what consistence you wil either of a syrup or some solider form why therefore need they trouble themselves about the proportion of either in vain seeing they may reduce any of the aforesaid proportions to the form of a syrup for if the things compounding the syrup viz Sugar Juyces Decoctions Infusions c. whatsoever be their quantity can be boyled to that ordinary consistence by consuming the watrish parts what matter is it in what quantity they are joyned If Joubertus and Silvius boyl three pound of Liquor with one pound of Sugar to the height of a syrup why may it not be done with the like proportion of your Medicinal liquor whether Juyce Infusion or Decoction and on the contrary if to three pound of Sugar you add only 1 pound of the Liquor as Rondeletius in his Syrup of Limons why may not this be done also therefore in appointing the quantity of sugar for a syrup we must not so much regard the quantity as the force of it and intention or purpose of the Physitian as for example suppose that one pound of simples decocted or infused have imparted three ounces or four ounces of virtuous essence to four pound or five of the Liquor of the decoction or infusion strained if you prescribe of that Liquor and Sugar and one pound as we usally do for a syrup 't wil truly make a syrup but of lâ—â—lâ— efficacy and in a pound of which there withe contained onely a dram of essence so that each ounce wil conâ—â—in but v. gr but if the aforesaid half ounce of essence be diflused only in two pound of Liquor and you prescribe one pound of syrup to be made of that sugar and you wil have a syrup and that effectual in which bound are contained two drams of the essence and in an ounce of which remains half a scruple of essence but if you boyl those two pounds of Liquor in which four drams of essence is contained with one pound of sugar onely you wil have a most effectual syrup in which is contained three drams or half an ounce of essence and in anounce of which is one scruple but if you yet desire it more effectual take to those two pound of Liquor but half a pound of Sugar and you have also in this three drams or half an ounce of essence and in every ounce of it wil be half a dram or two scruples of essence Therefore we must not so much look on the quantity of the Liquor as on the virtue and essence wherewith it is fraught or from what quantity of matter it is extracted Lastly what weight of Liquor soever you boyl it in whether a pound two pound or three c. this is to be chiefly marked that you may be the more certain of the efficacy of your syrup and may prescribe it weaker or stronger as shall be for your purpose that you should see to the virtues and efficacy of it rather then to the quantity of Liquor you prescribe therefore 't is best to follow the common rule where they usually prescribe the Liquor and Sugar in equal parts that you may have some knowledg of its operation CHAP. V. Of Vomitoryes THe excrementitious humors whether natural exceeding in quantity or preternatural in any quantity either mixed with the blood in the veins or residing elsewhere are apt to breed an il habit and therefore require an evacuation chiefly that way they naturally tend by conducing places or veins for their expulsion whether by purging either particular or universal Urine Sweat insensible transpiration or Vomit And although Medicines which perform either of these may in general be called purgers yet particularly they are counted so which draw forth the excrements of the body by stool and vomiting and of these those which by stool evacuate are significantly called purgers those which expel things upwards Vomitories A Vomitory is not so much a name of the liquid form of a Medicine as of the faculty of it taking its name from the operation yet it usually signifies both viz. the Medicine procuring that motion or evacuation of the humors upwards and also the form in which it is prescribed of which my intention is here to write A VOMITORY therefore is a liquid form of a remedy prepared of a simple emetical Medicine boyled infused or dissolved in some Liquor evacuating expelling perforce by the mouth any thing hurtful to the Stomack and superfluitie either of meat or excrementitious humors from it and the adjacent parts This from its effect may be said three-fold evacuating revelling and deriving But from the manner of working one may be termed gentle correspondent to the mollifying and lenitive purger working more by its quantity another moderate which operates by its quality another violent answerable to those purgers properly called Catharticks provoking this motion by a specifical and internal virtue Vomitoryes are simple or compound The more SIMPLE consists of fair water warmed drank suddenly to a pint or better warmed Barley water in a good quantity the fat broth of flesh drank plentifully Mead plentifully taken which Galen prescribed any sore of drink drank suddenly and liberally Hydraeleum i. e. water and oyl to eight ounces or ten common oyl to four ounces or six drank warm and melted butter The which and such like other gentle vomits improperly so called we use chiefly when those things that are to be voided this way whether things taken down or divers sorts of impurities and vitious humours contained in the stomack are so ready for evacuation that upon every little occasion without much trouble they may be expell'd whether nature be inclin'd to it or not or whether she strive to shake off such a burthen nimbly enough or not or be not sufficient of her self then with these gentler sort do we give occasion of such a motion to the excretive faculty if it be dul and as it were shew her the way or else if she moves but unperfectly we render
confirm the virtues of the principal parts as those which are made of spices to strengthen And this is as the purging Wine in respect of its composition either simple or compound In respect of its essect either altering the body humors or spirits in the first second or third qualities or else strengthening Moreover 't is made either without sweetning or spicing and is simply called a Medicinal altering Wine or else is seasoned with such things and let often run thorow a Hypocras bagg as above and is called a Claret or Hypocras although these names belong to such as are made for pleasure In it three things are to be weighed the Compo only sition the Vse and the Vtility The COMPOSITION is the same with that of the purging Wine either 't is made with Must when the use is to continue long for the altering of chronical and stubborn affections one simple medicament dryed or of more respecting the affection humor and part affected with a particular propriety or else with wine defecated But what ought to be the proportion of the must and dryed ingredients is before declared in the purging wine yet you may add because altering wines may be taken in a larger quantity and ought to be so a greater quantity of wine then in the former to ten times or a 11 times the quantity of the ingredients But the quantity both of wine and ingredients is to be limited by the dose that is to be taken either greater or less by the short or long contiance of its use Lastly by the quality of the simples either weak or effectual as that which spices in art to it We have said before that this sort of Wines when they are passed thorow a hypocrass bagg and sweetned are called clarets Hither also belongs that which is otherwise called Hypocras absolutely which is also corroborating composed of divers spices pleasant both in smel and taste as of Cinamom Ginger Grains of paradise Cardamomes Pepper infused to two drams in one pound of claret Wine for some hours afterwards strained thorow a Hypocras bagg divers times adding sugar s q. viz two ounces or three ounces but ' â—is generally maâ—e Iess compounded of Cinamom only but if in stead of sugar the Wine be relished with hony 't wil be vere profitable in cold affections where vvine alone is hurtfull as in the Palsey c. the honey working most effectually and this is called Oenomel or honied Wine and also Mulsum which the Ancients used much made of one part of honey and two or three parts of VVine Spices also being added if need required either to the quantity of half a part or to one fourth part or one fifth part The USE contains these two questions how much and when As to the time when it may be given every day or every other day or interposing a longer time according as the disease requires 1 two or three hours before dinner As to the quantity or dose that is moderated according to the quality and quantity of the ingredients and the divers proportion of the wine they are infused in as when the ingredients infused In it three things are to be considered Composition Vse and utility In the COMPOSITION also three 1. The matter of which stamped the milky juyce is drawn forth of 2 The liquor with which it is milked out 3. Things to be dissolved in it In all these the quality and quantity are to be considered The MATTER in relation to its quality are both fruits as Almonds viz the sweet blanched and also seeds viz. the 4 greater cold seeds of which emulsions are every where usually made To these are sometimes added both fruits as the kernels of pine nuts in affections of the breast or where we would moysten and also restore as in Hectick and also seeds as usually of white poppy Lettuce and Purslane when we would either-provoke sleep or cool more effectually or thicken thin hot humors and temper their acrimony In respect of their quantity both fruits and seeds are in general prescribed from one ounce to three ounces but in special there may be of fruits an ounce and half or two ounces of seeds one ounce or an ounce and half The LIQUOR with which this milky substance is drawn forth in relation to his quality is either fair water or some simple distill'd water or usually the decoction of whole Barley especially where we desire to cleanse or ptisan that is the second decoction of huld barly after the first wâ—ter is thrown away or else the decoction of liquorice where we would lenifie or the decoction of other pleasant things tending to the same purpose In regard of the quantity for every particular dose three ounces or four ounces wil suffice hence because Emulsions are for the most part prepared only for three doses for 't wil not be kept longer without corrupting you may prescribe 9 ounces or one pound Things to be DISSOLVED in relation to their quality are sometimes Sugar alone or as it is generally received some fit Syrup pleasant to the taste that may moisten lenifie and cool as Syrup of Violets and Maidenhair Sometimes to make it the more pleasant there is added some rose-Rose-water They also which dissolve Manus Christi made and with Pearls do very wel As to the quantity of sweetners one ounce or an ounce and half at most wil serve for one dose an ounce or an ounce and half of Rose-water wil serve for the whole Emulsion and a dram of Manus Christi for every dose The USE in it three things are to be considered the manner how the quantity how much and the time when As to the manner 't is taken either by it self in the form of a drink or else 't is often prescribed 3 ounces or 4 ounces of it with the broth of a chick altered with appropriat things As to the quantity the dose is apparent by what is already said As to the time when 't is taken morning and evening and if it be prescribed to procure sleep then at the time of going to sleep The FORM of prescribing â„ž c. let them be beaten in a marble Mortar pouring to them by little and little c. in the strained Liquor dissolve c. so make an Emulsion for three or 4 doses to be used as aforesaid The UTILITY an Emulsion is not only prescribed to lenifie and asswage the affections of the Breast and Lungs especially the hot and dry the burning of the Reins and Bladder sharpness of Urine and Gonorrhea as they usually wil have it but to other uses also against thirst and to temper heat in any hot diseases and therefore is most peofitable in burning continual Fevers to temper the drought of them that alwayes accompanieth such diseases therefore are they very usual in the Hecticks and to provoke sleep and alter in Fevers or any hot distempers instead of Apozems Generally 't is used to lenifie cool and moisten CHAP. VIII
The Vtility is great and the virtue of it specifical besides what is afore-said in taking away diseases especially cold ones and those of long continuance as the Palsey c. CHAP. XII Of Sugred Water and Barly Water SUGRED WATER is a more sweet and pleasing drink than Mead and is almost as effectual in those in whom we abstain from the use of Mead for fear of heat and is chiefly convenient for them that are abstemious It is made of Fountain water clarified at the fire 12 parts and sugar one part more or less to your palate You may aromatize it with Cinnamom or in fevers with Saunders to 3 drams or half an ounce so let them use it for their ordinary drink PTISAN was a meat of the Antients which we now call barly Cream Our ptisan is a drink fit broth for the healthy and Feverish and when heat is either present or imminent and where Wine is forbidden And this is made divers wayes according to the desire of them that take it Either it is made simply of whole Barley and fountain-water to one part of Barly ten fifteen or which is better twenty parts of water as 't is generally made in the shops which is to be boyled to the consumption of five parts and til the barly swel much Nicholaus therefore directs ill to boyl it to the consumption of fifteen parts unless it be for meat and such like is vulgarly ealled in the shops Barley water and decoction of Barley Or else Liquorice Raisins of the Sun the roots of Grass or Sorrel and other things according to the palate of him that takes it are boyled in it though in smal quantity but 't is seldom now a dayes prescribed by the Physitian The UTILITY it moistens cools cleanses yeilds little nourishment but such as is fit for cholerick and sanguine people and for them that are in fevers or have hot affections of the Liver Stomack or Reins Note that Barly water or that which we now cal Ptisan consists of whole barly one part of water twenty parts boyled til the barly swel and the cream of Barly til it be bursted but that which we cal Barly cleansed and boyled is boyled til it go into a pulp represents the Ptisan of the Antients and if it be pulped thorow a hair strainer 't is called the juyce of Barly CHAP. XIII Of Dyet-drink BY this name of Diet we do not so much understand the regulating of the six things not natural as divers decoctions made of usual sweating Medicines through the whole use of which because an exact and accurate way of living temperately is to be observed from hence it is that these have been absolutely called by the name of Diet. But that which we understand by the name Diet is a decoction of one of the usual sudorifical Medicines or more made in a fit Liquor prepared either to alter simply or evacuate insensibly by transpiration or sensibly by sweat Therefore a Diet-drink is to be accounted two-fold altering and evacuating The altering Diet-drink ALthough these four usual sweating Medicines seem to be destined only for provoking sweat yet are they often prescribed with very good success in divers affections without sweating hence it is that I cal it an altering Diet-drink In this three things are to be considered the Composition the Vse and Vtility In the COMPOSITION three things also the matter of which 't is made the Liquor and the things to be dissolved in it The MATTER in relation to its quality is two-fold 1. Some of the common Sudorificks as Guaiacum China Sassafras and Salsaparilla 2. Divers alterers as roots leaves seeds flowers c. respecting the affection the humor offending and part affected But in special that matter is chosen diversly according to the variety of the parts in which the affections that are to be removed are inherent For in altering and removing powerfully phlegmatick and inveterate affections we usually take Guaiacum China or Salsaparilla either alone or mixed together with fit alterers as aforesaid But in affections of the breast as the stuffing Ulcer and putrefaction of the Lunâ—s in which now a dayes such an altering diet is usually prescribed and is every where called the pectoral decoction we chuse either China alone or else there is sometimes added to it Salsaparilla or Sassafras together with alterers appropriated to the breast So that from what is said before an altering Diet drink may be reckoned two-fold 1. Not pectoral insensibly consuming the phlegmatick affections of divers parts 2. Pectorel viz. a decoction of China sometimes Salâ—apâ—rilla being added prepared of pectoral seeds and fruits such is only now a dayes prescribed As to the quantity those sudorificks in a diet-drink not pectoral are prescribed either alone or mixed to six ounces more or less according as the time age and region shal further require but alterers as Roots Leaves Seeds Flowers either all or some of them are to be added to half the quantity they are appointed for the Apozem aforesaid But in a pectoral Diet-drink whose basis is China this if alone is added to one ounce if other things aforesaid be joyned to it then to two drams or three drams of these they usually take six drams of China Of alterers pectoral fruits are added to an ounce and a half or two ounces pectoral seeds to an ounce or an ounce and a half and if as sometimes in the Phthysis the flesh of Craw-fish or tortoises be added 't is to an ounce or two ounces The LIQUOR in relation to its quality in an altering Diet drink not pectoral is common water or some other fit liquor as before in the Apozem chiefly Mead because these sorts of decoctions for the most part respect cold affections and humors In a pectoral Diet-drink also either common water or decoction of Barly is taken but with this proviso that the China be infused in this Liquor for some hours then let it be put up together with the pectoral fruits and seeds in the belly of a chick or hen then let them boyl in the aforesaid Liquor til all be boyled to pieces As to its quantity take 10 or 12 pints or q. s as is required to boyl it throughly Things to be dissolved as to their quality in a diet-drink not pectoral are sometimes syrup or sugar and are prescribed to be dissolved together with the aromaticks as in an altering Apozem In a pectoral drink sugar of Roses is generally prescribed yet it may be also some fit syrup As to their quantity they are dissolved to an ounce or an ounce and a half in every dose The USE in it mark three things the manner the quantity and the time The decoction not pectoral as to the manner indrinking is to be taken without sweating As to the united quantity or dose it is to be taken to four ounces or six ounces as to the divided quantity it is to be used ten or fifteen dayes As to the time this
sort of alterer ought to be taken in the morning The pectoral drink also as to the manner is taken without sweat As to the dose six ounces also and is to be continued also for fifteen dayes The Time also is the morning And this is the FORM of PRESCRIBING In a decoction not pectoral â„ž c. make a decoction keep it in a glazed vessel for four or five morning doses which the body being first purged let him continue for ten or fifteen dayes in the mean time observing a moderate and drying diet and for his ordinary drink let him use the second decoction of the aforesaid ingredients which is called a Bochette But in a pectoral one â„ž China or other thing infuse them in c. of water then put them in the belly of a chick together with the fruits c. boyl it til it be all to pieces adding at the latter end of the decoction the leaves c. viz. the preparers straine all with a gentle pressure in one pound of the strained liquor dissolve c. for two doses to be given in the morning keeping his bed two or three hours after without sweating let him continue this fifteen or 20 or 30 dayes the body being first purged with Manna which is to be repeated once in fifteen dayes in the mean time living temperatly and using the second decoction of China or small mead for his ordinary drink The Utility is remarkeable in all long-lasting affections when your scope requires the attenuating resolving or otherwise insensibly consuming that collection offilthy humors that foments this sort of chronical affections as also to rarifie the wayes and passages by which they are to be digested and to prepare them powerfully for expurgation neither is it safe to use them with sweat as in the Asthma and Phthysis especially in which now a dayes this sort of diet is onely prescribed in which affections 't is pernitious to use either purgers or Sudorificks Neither can we consume or evacuate those humors that are the fomenters of such affections any other way An evacuating Diet drink SVch as is now a dayes for the most part only prescribed is here understood which consumes and empties the morbifical causes by sweat And this is two-fold one only sweating the other is also purgative The sweating decoction is now only properly called a Diet-drink and is as I said before that which visibly consumes the Antecedent and conjunct causes of diseases by sweatings In this three things are to be marked the Composition the Vse and Vtility In the COMPOSITION two things are to be considered 1. The matter of which this sort of decoctions are made 2. The Liquor in which they are boyled And in either of them both the quality and the quantity The matter in respect of the quality is either sudorifical or also altering both at once sometimes As to the sudorificks 't is compounded either of Guaiacum and its barkonly or only China seldom of Salsaparâ—lla alone and hardly ever of Sassafras alone Either of Guaiacum as the basis with sometimes one sometimes two of the others mixed with it according to the divers intentions of the Physitian or else that the too much heat of Guaiacum might be allayed yet retaining the same benefit of sweating Or of China as the basis with Salsaparilla or Sassafras where the scope is to heat less yet it dries as much and consumes vitious humors equally As to the alterers it is most profitable with the aforesaid to add divers altering simples towards the end of the decoction that may be appropriated to the humor and part affected whereby the Diet-drink becomes famous or else they are added to this end only to correct allay the heating and drying quality of the Guaiacum lest it too much inflame the Liver and for this are used Roots Leaves Seeds Fruits Flowers either more or less As to the quantity sudorificks prescribed alone or mixt should be allotted to one ounce or an ounce and a half for every dose and because a sweating diet-drink is usually prescribed for 4 doses only four ounces or six ounces ought to be prescribed which quantity may be lessened or augmented according to the variety of the tempers age strength time of the year constitution of the disease Country c. But the alterers when they are added to them should be prescribed to half the quantity they are appointed for the Apozem and as to their order they should be set after the sudorificks this is every where to be observed that in the decoction of Guaiacum you are to add Liquorice and Raisins of the Sun ana an ounce or one ounce and a half The LIQUOR in relation to its quality is prescribed to be fountain-water As to the quantity although by the precepts of art in the decoction of Roots and Woods it ought to be eight times so much as of the things to be boyled yet because in the decoction of these sweating drinks much of the Liquor useth to be wasted it ought to be twelve times their quantity so that to one ounce of Sudorificks should be one pint of water and then to be boyled til half be wasted which is the most usual manner it may also be prescribed to a pint and half and then boyled til two thirds be wasted The USE as to the quantity eight cuâ—ces of this sort of decoction may be given As to the manner let it be drank warm covering the body with many clothes more than is wont As to the time 't is best in the morning sometimes though seldom 't is repeated at evening in very strong and phlegmatick bodies abounding with excrementiâ—ious humours The FORM OF PRESCRIBING is after this example of Guaiacum â„ž the shavings of the wood of Guaiacum four ounces the bark of the same two ounces let them be infused in six or nine pints of fountain water twenty four hours over warm embers the Vessel being close stopped then boil them with a gentle fire of fresh charcoal without smoak till half be wasted afterwards run them throrow an hypocras bag but if you desire the decoction the stronger presse them out gently sweeten the decoction with three ounces or four ounces of Sugar and aromatize it with a dram and a half or two drams of Cinnamom but this sweetning and aromatizing may better be omitted in those that are lesse curious palated so keep it in a glazed vessel for your use let him take of this decoction eight ounces warm in the morning covering him warmer than usually and let him sweat as he can reasonably endure it Note that when Alterers are prescribed wiâ—h the sudorificks it may be appointed in the form thus towards the end of the decoction adde such things c. â„ž the remainders of the decoction aforesaid viz. when no other simples are added to it add if you wil an ounce of some of the aforesaid sudorificks fresh infuse them in 12 pints of founta in water eight or twelve
above declared in the form of the sudorifical diet-drink otherwise it is to be prescribed and prepared of fresh ingredients one ounce or two ounces of the same or some other sudorifick being added over and above let all be infused twelve hours in twelve pints of water as above solet them be boyled onely to the consumption of a third or fourth part let them be strained thorow an Hippocras bagg and rellish it with half a pound or a pound of sugar or else season it to your palate and aromatize it with three drams or half an ounce of Cinnamom so make a secondary Decoction or a â—ochete to be kept in glass bottles for your ordinary drink Or else 't is made for present use either in regard no diet-drink hath been prescribed before out of whose residence this may be prepared or because perhaps it was composed of other simples both alterers and purgeâ—e whose virtues are not needful in this kinde of ordinary drink then is it to be prepared of some one or more of the suborificks prescribed to two ounces or two ounces and a half after the same manner as is above-said so make a Bochete to be used as is said The USE FORM and UTILITY are already sufficiently declared CHAP. XV. Of Cock-Broth THe reason of the name is plain this was the invention of the Antients and is much confirmed by the use and practise of late Physitians But this DECOCTION of a Cock is a broth prepared either to alter or purge of an old Cock together with some certain sudorificks and also alterers and sometimes also purgers From hence this sort of decoction is two-fold altering and purging The altering Cock-borth IN the altering broth are considered chiefly the matter and the Licuor and in both of them the quality and quantity As to the matter in respect of its quality an old COCK is taken as it were for the basis Then either his belly is filled with these following things or else they are added neer the end of the decoction and they are usually these sudorificks as China Salsaparilla Sassafras either alone or mixed in the Asthma and Hypochondriacal melancholy they are chiefly prescribed as also to them alterers as Roots Leaves Seeds Fruits more or less As to the quantity Sudorificks are prescribed to two ounces but the alterers much like their quantity in the altering Apozem or somewhat less The LIQUOR as to the quality is alwayes fair water As to the quantity q. s The USE as to the quantity the dose is six or eight ounces As to the time 't is to be taken in the morning continuing the use of if fifteen dayes or the space of a moneth And this is the FORM â„ž an old decrepit red Cock or of four or five years old that hath been tired with coursing and beating pul off his feathers whiles he is alive then strangle him and take out his bowels let his belly be filled with the Sudorificks fruits and seeds as aforesaid then sew it up and boyl him in a glazed pot with a sufficient quantity of water til the flesh be consumed and wholly fal from the bones but when the broth is scum'd at first add the roots c. and towards the end of the decoction add the leaves and flowers c. boyl them til there remains about three pints of broth straine it and presse it out strongly and keep the decoction in a glass bottle in a cold place taking off all the fat when it is cold Take of this broth from one pint to eight ounces in the morning adding if you wil especially in the affections of the breast sugar or some fit syrup to an ounce continuing it fifteen dayes or the space of one moneth The UTILTY of it is much in stubborn obstructions hence it is that it is generally prescribed in the hypochondriacal melancholy for which purpose there is usually prescribed for this sort of broth the â—â—ots of Parsley Succory Grass Sparagus the leaves of Ceterach Baume Bugloss Burnet Agrimony Frâ—its as Corans and sometimes China and Sassâ—fras wood it is also used in any other durable obstructions of the intrals as also in the affections of the breast especially the Asthma to which China is added with fruits â—dedicated to the breast and in arthritical pains with wood of Sassasras and for paleness of the face c. The purging Cock-broth IT differs not from the former except that beside the aforesaid ingredients there are also added purgers and for the most part these of Senna Polypody Carthamus and two ounces or two ounces and a half Agarick one ounce as much Epithymum which are shut up in the belly of the duck and is prescribed to be made a decoction to two pints in which dissolve if you wil four ounces of sugar and to be aromatized c. for 4 morning doses thus to be used every moneth And the hypochondriacal melancholy obstructions of the bowels Gout and Cholick but 't is very seldom used for the Asthma or difficulty of breath CHAP. XVI Of the Restorative distilled liquor WHere the sick are extreamly weakned either by the violence or length of the disease or some extreame evacuation they very hardly digest any meat to repair their lost spirits or else through nauseousness they refuse all yet ought the strength both to be preserved and restored wherefore the late Writers have invented a way to preserve them by liquors distilled out offlesh that hath both good and much nourishment This from the effect is called the distilled Restorative as also sometimes from the matter 't is made of they call it Capon-water This DISTILLED RESTORATIVE distilled water or Liquor thus drawn by a still imbued with the nourishing virtue of the flesh chiefly of Capons and with the Medicinal virtues of divers conserves powders waters and Juyces is chiefly prepared to restore lost and decaying strength And in this three things are to be considered the Composition Vse and Vtility In the COMPOSITION two things chiefly the matter of which 't is made and the things 〈◊〉 be dissolved in it As to the MATTER 't is commonly the flesh of a Capon or Hen or else of two Partridges cut in the middle cleansed from the fat bones washed in some Cordial Liquor as Rose-water white Wine c. to this they take mingle with it â—ivers Conserves Preserves Cordial powders to little purpose leaves of Gold c. and sprinkle all with a convenient Liquor and distil it in balneo Mariae but because by this means the nourishing quality of the flesh is very smal or none in the distilled water and this manner also is reproved the thing is to be more accurately performed which wil be done if you boyl the aforesaid flesh to a perfect pap and thence strain forth the broth and with it mix the aforesaid things and distil them The matter of this sort of distillation is twofold nourishing and Medicinal the nourishing matter as to the quality usually one Capon
is chosen it may also be a Hen and that either alone or else one Partridg may be added or a shank of veal as also if this distilled Liquor be prepared to restore one that is either hectical or phthysical there may be prescribed the flesh of a tortoise that lives in the woods either one or two so the things of froggs are also prescribed This nutritive matter is boyled in s q. of water and according to the medicinal quality required divers parts of plants as they also use to do in altering broths as Roots Leaves Seeds Flowers c. and for the most part those that are the most grateful in smel and taste and which do most respect the affection it self the cause of that dissipation of the strength and that neer the quantity they are prescribed for the altering Apozem or somewhat less by which means you see to the restoring of the strength and the alteration that is to be made both together When all things are boyled to pap so that the flesh fals from the bones the broth is strained and the relicks strongly pressed forth and when 't is cooled the fat that is congealed in the top of it is to be taken away And this broth the neer matter of the future distilled Liquor which is to be prepared of three or four pints of it and eight or tenounces of some fit cordial waters with which afterwards are mixed four five or six ounces of conserves or fit Preserves and sometimes confections are taken as Alchermes in the greatest weakness and also treacle when there is malignity to three drams or half an ounce or the powders of cordial simples or officinal electuaries as Diamargariton frigidum to half an ounce or an ounce where 't is less pretious and this is to be constantly noted that Pearls fragments of pretious hones bole Armoniack terra sigillata and leaves of gold are added in vain because this gentle sort of distillation by Balneo Mariae can draw no virtue or spiritual essence from them seeing they wil scarce part with any for a greater heat and that in a dry stil though they have been diligently prepared for it The aforesaid things mixed are put into your glass body are afterwards distil'd in that manner which they cal Balneo Mariae Note also that if you desire the virtue of Ambergreece or Musk these to gr 5 6 or half a scruple may be tied up in a thin linen ragg and so tyed to the snout of the almebick that the Liquor as it distils may pass thorow them and take their virtues along with it which in this manner are more certainly extracted than if you mixed them with the other things the distilled Liquor is to be kept in a glass bottle in a cool place Things to be DISSOLVED though seldom used are sometimes prescribed and are fit cordial juyces as Juyce of Limons Juyce of sowre Pomgranats and that profitably to three ounces four ounces according to the quantity of distilled liquor although they may also be mixed with the broth and waters before distillation The VSE as to the manner this sort of distilled liquor is either used alone of it self out of a spoon or dissolved with other broths Panadaes As to the quantity one two or three ounces may be taken As to the time when you please and that 3 or 4 times a day or oftner The FORM is â„ž the flesh of one of the best Capons or Hens or with other flesh as is said slit in halves and taken from the bones or onely from the fat put it into a pot glazed with s q. of water boyl them towards the end adding the roots c. i. e. the alterers when all are boyled to a pap strain them and press them hard then having taken off the fat as aforesaid take of this broth four pints or five to which add c. viz. the conserves c. distil all in B. M. let the Liquor distilled be kept in a glass bottle in a cold place of which let him take c. by it self out of a spoon â— The UTILITY is the same with other Analepticks or restoratives viz. suddenly to restore and as it were patch up the strength and spirits exhausted either by the length of the disease famine or over much evacuation to recreate the languishing condition of the principal parts much used in many affections both of the heart and other parts not onely in the hoâ— but also cold epidemical malignant and continual fevers hâ—cticks and consumptions of the Lungs In fine 't is useful when the vigour of the parts extreamly languishing can digest no stronger forme of nourishment and yet ought necessarily to be refected from hence we conclude that these distill'd restoratives are rather to recruit the strength spirits than firmly to nourish the body CHAP. XVII OF Brothes BROTHS are also often prescribed by Physitians to this end that by altering we may also nourish and that the virtue of the Medicinal things might be the more eagerly received by the parts themselves under the form of nourishment and thereby might be the less trouble som to them And these are either altering or restorative Altering broths are made diversly according to the scope of the Physitian most frequently with a chick As at Moutpelier they usually prescribe the broth of a Chick alter'd with heoatical leaves and roots and also with cooling things in fevers 'T is not particularly prescribed by Physitians only commanded let them use the broth of a Chick alter'd with such leaves c. either 2 3 or 4 in the morning or else also in the evening and this is most usual in hot diseases Restorative broths prepared to restore lost strength which are otherwise from this manner of working and from the consumption wherein they are much used called Consumption broths these are made of a fat Hen or Capon the bowels taken out out in pieces boiled in a glazed pot or an alembeck close stopped lest any thing breath forth to a perfect pap these are all strained and the juyce pressed forth Lastly when it is cold the fat taken clear off and this Liquor is kept in a glass bottle for your use in a cold place in this broth sometimes other things are dissolved viz in each pound of it three ounces of white-Wine if your scope require it or other cordial liquor two ounces of Sugar one dram of Cinnamom and confection Alchermes lot them warm til the suuar be dissolved then strain them and keep them for your use They labour in vain which only for vainâ—glory add to these Consumption broths the leaves of gold for they do no good The USE is the same with the distilled restorative And the UTILITY is also the same only these Consumption broths are great nourishers and restore and nourish the solid substance of the body THE SECOND SECTION Of the First Book OF THE SOFT FORMS OF MEDICINES CHAP. I. Of a Bole ABOLE is a form of
Medicine almost of the consistencie of Hony or somewhat thicker prepared either to alter or purge and because it is a bit a Medicine as much as the mouth can wel contain therefore it hath its name A Boble is three-fold viz. purging altering and strengthening A PURGING BOLE WHat a purging Bole is and what are his differences taken from the variety of humors that are to be purged may appear by what hath been said before in the Apozem But in it three things are to be considered the Composition Vse and Vtility In the COMPOSITION chiefly the matter of which 't is made in which there is to be considered its quality and quantity As to the quality of the MATTER in general 't is composed of purgers both simple and compound as any purging powder both simple and compound and sugar As to the quantity in general a bole ought not to exceed six drams or 1 ounce seldom 10 drams unless it consist of the gentlest sort of purgers But in special a purging bole as to the matter is composed 1. Either of Cassia alone which is most commonly the basis of a bole or also pulp of tamarinds especially in the cholerick though 't is better to have it of Cassia and some other purger together that its purging quality might be acuated which else is only lenifying lest otherwise by staying too long in the intrals it might overslacken them and then as to the quantity there is prescribed half an ounce or six drams of Cassia but of the purging opiate or tablet two drams or three drams more or less examining the doses by that caution before noted that if two or three be mingled with the Cassia the compleat dose of all might be found out Note that 't is commonly used in the affections of the reins and bladder to prescribe a bole of the aforesaid Cassia as the basis to six drams to which add two drams of Turpentine washed in violet or pellitory water with a sufficient quantity of powder of liquorice and sugar to which purpose also Turpentine alone is prescribed sometimes with a scruple of Rheubarb added to it as is hereafter setdown 2. Or of the purging officinal opiate which is either prescribed alone in that quantity which hath been before in the potion and shal hereafter be defined or else together with it is added a purging tablet or solid electuary in that proportion that all together may make up the compleat dose yet should the opiate somewhat exceed the others Note that sometimes either to these two joyned or to the opiate alone is added some purging powder and that either simple as the powder of Rrheubarb Mechoachan c. from half a scruple to half a dram or compound as of diaturoith from half a scruple to a scruple according to the quantity the other things are prescribed in or else sometimes not purgative but either directing or correcting or strenghening to half a scruple 3. Or else of a tablet or solid electuary either alone in the dose aforesaid in the potion and hereafter to be set down with some syrup or Sâ—gar or sometimes an opiate being added or a purging powder as aforesaid 4. Or which is very seldome of a powder onely either simple or compound made up with a syrup or sugar but this manner is lesse used 5. Or else which hardly deserves the name of a purging bole yet is used in affections of the reins of Turpentine washed in violet water c. to two drams or three drams with a scruple of the powder of Liquorice The USE as to the manner 't is taken by swallowing it down which is easiest done out of a spoon with some syrup that is gratefull to the taste Aâ— to the quantity 't is above defined The time is in the morning after the manner of other catarrticks The FORM of PRESCRIBING when Cassia onely is taken is â„ž take the marrow of Cassiae newly drawn and sometimes 't is added by the vapour of some decoction as of Barly Liquorice Mallows for the Reins or else 't is said the pulp or flour of Cassia c. make a bole with Sugar If of an Opiate â„ž c. with Sugar make it a bole But when a bole is made of the drier things as tablets and powders so that they can hardly stick together in the form of a bole â„ž let them be moistened with such a syrup then with Sugar reduce them into the form of a bole which let him take c. but when the bole is made of Turpentine â„ž Turpentine washed c. make a bole let each bit be wrapped in Wafers so take them out of a spoon with a convenient Syrup as of Maiden hair Violets c. let them be swallowed down in the morning three or four hours before dinner and that usually for three dayes together The UTILITY is the same with that of a potion viz. when the cause of the affection is in the inferior region or the parts adjacent but a bole of Cassia is particularly profitable in the reins and bladder in which we should deal very gently and onely lenisie The strengthening bole IN it three things are to be considered the composition use and utility As to the COMPOSITION in respect of its quality it is prepared 1. Either of officinall conserves and a powder which is either the Species of some Electuary of the shops or other aromaticall powder as of Cinnamom c. with Sugar Note that sometimes with the aforesaid conserves are also taken cordiall confections as alchermes de hyacintho 2. or of some strengthening officinall confection alone As to the quantity this bole in generall seldom exceeds three drams or half an ounce In speciall the quantities and dose of the first sort of these boles is this as of conserves let there be three drams half an ounce powders a Scruple Of confections if added one scruple or half a dram But of the second sort viz. the confection is prescribed from a dram to a dram and half The USE as to the time it useth to be prescribed the day after a purging Medicine two hours before dinner or otherwise at any other convenient hour simply to strengthen without any purge preceding it As to the manner 't is to be swallowed out of a spoon if you will with syrup drinking aftâ—r it a little wine diluted or other liquor fit for the purpose The FORM â„ž c. make it a bole with Sugar which let him take c. The Vtility sufficiently appears in its name see also the cordiall potion but most usually they are prescribed after purging medicines to comfort the stomack and parts afflicted by them as also by the violence of diseases and also simply to strengthen without Relation to any preceding Purgation as often as the strength growing weak or feeble by any other cause requires it as also to alter together with the strengthening so also this sort of boles are used against fluxes of the belly
quantity 't is taken to a spoonful or a spoonful and an half or two As to the time if it be for strengthening the animal faculty 't is best after meat or at going to sleep if for the vital at any time when need requires for the natural either before with or after meat The Vtility is to preserve the vigor of the principal parts to restore the strength wasted by diseases Hence it is that the use of these candied confections is wholly restorative rather helping nature and the strength than regarding the disease which neverthelesse is not to be neglected therefore these candied confections are made heating cooling binding c. the use of them is frequent in the hypochondriacal affection panting of the heart consumption of the lungs weaknesse of the stomack and liver c. THE THIRD SECTION Of the First Book OF THE SOLID FORMES OF MEDICINES CHAP. I. Of Paste-royal and morsels THere is also an invention of modern Writers which in consistence resembles Pineolates or Paste of Pine kernels made of divers things wrought together like paste from whence its name and of sugar dissolved in some convenient liquor and boiled to the height of Tabulets this is made into boles or morsels like Conserves of Roses dried hence it is called morsels which being leisurely dried are kept for use and are somtimes gilded and this is called Paste-Royal for the Soveraign virtues it hath in affections of the brest lungs and in extenuated bodies In this also three things are to be noted Composition Vse and Vtility As to the Composition 't is made two wayes 1. Either without the flesh of living creatures as shall be said of bechical fruits and seeds only and sugar These fruits are for the most part blanched Almonds washed soaked and bruised the kernels of Pistaches and pine nuts washed also in a fit water as of violets or roses They are usually prescribed to the quantity of four ounces The seeds are the four greater cold seeds usually huld and bruised to which when sleep is to be provoked the seeds of white poppy and lettice are added Let these be prescribed to the quantity of two ounces or two ounces and an half The sugar is to be chosen white dissolved in a fit liquor the quantity of it is usually set down q s yet it should usually be double the proportion of the rest 2. Or else this paste is made restorative with the flesh of the tortoses of the wood washed and boyl'd in barley water the head and tail being left out and this is afterwards called Testudinate paste or paste of Tortoses or with the flesh of Crawfish Capons and Partridges or else to these are added the fruits aforesaid seeds and powders mentioned in the Candies and sugar dissolved in Rosewater usually in this proportion Of flesh three or four ounces Fruits three ounces Seeds one ounce an ounce and half And let one dram of powders answer to every ounce of the rest and of those that are precious a lesse quantity Sugar is mentioned q. s Somtimes Ambergreece and Musk are added in small quantity to some few grains somtimes also the paste is covered over with leaf gold The VSE the manner is either by it self or in broth The Dose or united quantity is to half an ounce or an ounce the morsels in numb one or two The divided quantity 't is to be taken often with meat and in your meals The time is expressed The FORME â„ž c. make a confection in morsels and somtimes 't is added like pineolate so let it be used The VTILITY the paste that is not nourishing is good for divers affections of the lungs and brest to incrassate lenifie cleanse or expectorate c but the restorative paste both in the same and the consumption for them that are extenuated and weakened by the ulcer of the lungs it nourisheth drieth and thickneth rheumes therefore the use is wholly restorative regarding also the affections from whence that lack of nourishment and dejection of the strength proceeds CHAP. II. Of a Pandaleon THis invention of the Arabians and latter Physitians is a medicine dedicated to the brest and lungs made of pleasant ingredients agreeing with the Lohoch to the same purpose differing only in form in which it resembles Tablets From them also it differs in this because they are made up in a certain shape but this when the sugar is sufficiently boiled and the ingredients mixed with it is poured into a box and there suffered to harden and at the time of using it a bit is taken out with a knife or spoon c. Therefore it is a medicine solid like Tablets kept in a box like a cake made of powders bechical conserves and sugar dissolved and made into a Tablet consistence appointed for the same uses as Lohochs are And in it three things are to be noted Composition Vse and Vtility The COMPOSITION is two wayes 1. Either of bechical powders simple or compound several or mixed and sugar dissolved in a fit liquor boiled in or neer this proportion that to half an ounce of the powder there may be four ounces of sugar dissolved or else q. s 2. Or of thoracical fruits and seeds powders of electuaries sugar dissolved after these proportions Of fruits two drams seeds an ounce powders three drams sugar q. s Note that conserves may somtimes be added to three drams or half an ounce The VSE the manner is to contain it in the mouth that it may leisurely melt and may gently be swallowed down and used frequently The quantity let a bit of this be taken from a spoon or the point of a knife The time is the same with that of the Lohochs The FORM â„ž c. make a Pandalcon in a convenient box of which c. The VTILITY is the same with that of the Lohochs from which this differs only in form and that this for the most part consists of the pleasantest things CHAP. III. Of Marchpane and Pineolates MArchpane is a most pleasant confection of latter writers nourishing much convenient for people that are leane and for affections of the lungs instead of sweet meats 'T is compounded of blanched Almonds three ounces Pistaches cleansed one ounce stamped in a marble mortar with a little rose-water adding half a pound of white sugar make a paste which make into little cakes to be baked gently in an oven till they begin to be coloured yellow and are a little hardened other pleasant things may also be added as Cinamom c. A PINEOLATE is made to the same end of equal parts of pinekernels and sugar dissolved of which are made morsels adding musk for the better grace if you will but this is to be injoyned by the Physitian not else to be usually prescribed CHAP. IV. Of Tablets THat which they were wont to call the solid electuary is otherwise called from its flat shape a Tablet and because the sugar of which they are made when it is boiled and flatted
effectual united faculty To the Troschischs are to be referred the Muscardines WHich are little pastils so called from the musk they contain cheifly composed for the perfuming the breath and to exalt venereall moriscoes such are these of Gallia moschata that are most effectual They are compounded either simply of ambergreese musk-grains three four c as you wil and q. s sugar dissolved in rose-water with a little starch Or else more compounded of the powder of some aromatical things of sweet savor as cinnamom Saunders one dram musk Ambergreese gr three or four as you list and sugar q. s make troschischs of which let him hold one often in his mouth CHAP. VII Of Powders THe USE of POWDERS is extream necessary both that solid medicines may come in use of themselves as also that they may the easilier be mixed with other formes of medicines but that which the Latines cal a powder the Arabians call by 3. names Suffuff any gross powder Alcohol the finest powders and Seiff the grinding of any sort of troschischs which is done on a stone with a fit water for affections of the eyes but a powder is either officinal or magisterial of which this discourse is The magisterial is either internal or external The internall is either purging strengthening or altering Purging Powder The definition and differences may be sought out of what is aforesaid It is compounded of Catharticks and for the most part those that are the pleasantest with their proper correctors in a proportion often before mentioned As to the quantity to an ounce an ounce and half is the most is prescribed and note that sugar for the more delicate may be added but in a smal quantity or equal to the powder and that exactly defined The VSE as to the manner 't is to betaken in broth or some convenient liquor As to the quantity the doses of the purgers are to be computed As to the time in the morning with custody The FORM â„ž c. Make a powder of which c. The VTILITY is to purge see afore The strengthening powder Although it may be prescribed to strengthen divers parts according to the scope of the Physitian yet 't is either to confirm the stomack and is called a Digestive or the heart and is called a Cordial and an Alexiterial it may be also made for other uses as to strengthen the Liver Intrals c. The COMPOSITION 1 of the digestive powder is in general of stomachical things that help concoction dissolvers of wind and binder But in special Coriander-seed prepared is usually the basis prescribed to an ounce to which are added things that discuss wind as Anniseed to half an ounce or 6 drams then strengtheners of the stomack either simple or compound to 2 or 3 drams at most with sugar of Roses in tablets s q. 2. The Cordial powder or that which strengthens other parts which is compounded both of simple and compound powders of Electuaries proper and specifical to half an ounce 6 drams or 1 ounce according as the use of it shal continue long or short yet so that the more pretious Cordial powders be joyned but in a smal quantity either to a fourth or sixth part these are prescribed either alone or for the better taste sake sugar rosat is mixed with them to three or four times their weight The VSE and form of the Digestive powder â„ž c. Make a powder of which let him take a spoonful neither eating nor drinking after it But of a Cordial or other strengthening powder as hepatical c. this is the form â„ž c. Make a powder of which let him take 1 2 or 3 drams with water broath or other convenient liquor and that in the morning the stomack being empty or else when necessity requires especially if it be Alexiterial The VTILITY is for the strengthening of the principal parts and others also and consists for the most part of hot things yet with the same intention of strengthening they may be prepared of cooling things Hither appertains the altering powder altering divers wayes according to the scope in first second and third qualities as that which is generally prescribed of steel against obstructions with other openers to one ounce or two ounces with an equal quantity of sugar of which a spoonful is taken every morning drinking after it a little wine or other convenient Liquor so against the stone or gravel of stone-breaking medicines to an ounce an ounce and a half and Sugar s q. of which take one dram or a dram and a half with a diuretical Liquor so to provoke the birth and courses as also to bind the fluxes of blood both by stool and from the Womb and bladder against all kindes of fluxes and to alter divers wayes when moysture is one cause offending Thus much of an internal powder The external powder is also sometimes prescribed and is either physical or chirurgical The physical or medicinal is for the most part strengthening as is usually prescribed for comforting and drying the brain of proper cephalical things as Roots Leaves c. prescribed to two ounces adding to it also and that frequently the violet or cypris powder to one ounce or one ounce and a half more or less but for the most part they take of roots two ounces seeds six drams flowers three drams spices two drams The VSE and FORM â„ž c. Make a gross powder with which let the head be dryed in the morning which is most usual lafter the washing of it The VTILITY is to strengthen the brain and dry the phlegmatick and to waste the excrementitious moysture of the hairs of the head The Chyrurgical powder is various to be prescribed only by a Chyrurgeon to cleanse fil and heal Ulcers stop the bleeding of wounds c. the quantity of prescribing it varies according to the various occasion of its use THE SECOND BOOK OF EXTERNAL REMEDIES The First SECTION Of Remedies common to many parts CHAP. I. Of Epithemes or liquors to be applyed to any part IF you regard the signification of the name every external medicine that is applyable to any part may be so called but now it claims a peculiar kinde of right in designing only those remedies that are externally applyed to the Heart and Liver and the nobler parts of the body to alter strengthen and is two-fold liquid and solid The liquid Epitheme The name is apparent and it is fluid like water or a Julep chiefly composed of a convenient liquor and cordial powders In it three things are to be considered the Composition Vse and Vtility In the Composition we must regard the matter of which 't is made whether liquid or dry as powder or mean between both and in either of these the quality and quantity The Liquor as to its quality is for the most part a distilled water as the basis such as is proper both for the affection and part affected and that either alone or else
other things are joyned with it either chiefly to make it penetrate or give it the more efficacy and this is most commonly white wine for the heart Vinegar for the Liver so also for its greater virtues there are usually added the juyces of Fruits as of Limons or else of Leaves proper for the affection Sometimes the Liquor is a very liquid decoction of appropriate things but seldom As to the quantity 't is usually prescribed to one pint or 15 ounces therefore if water be prescribed it should be to such a quantity but if other liquid things be added let this be the proportion of water 8 ounces of Juyces from two ounces to three of Wine or Vinegar from half an ounce to an ounce The Powder as to its quality is either simple of Cordial or Hepatical woods barks chiefly also of flowers seeds c. or compound of strengthening electuaries and sometimes aromatical troschischs As to the quantity to every ounce of liquor one scruple or half a dram of powder wil suffice so that to the whole proportion half an ounce or 6 drams may be prescribed so that not above a dram or two of the species of Electuaries may be taken The things of mean consistence in relation to their quality there is sometimes besides the liquor and powder of which an Epithe me alwayes consists a strengthening Opiate or cordial confection as Alchermes prescribed to one dram or two drams The VSE as to the manner it is applyed with a scarlet cloth or some soft linnen dipped in it gently pressed forth and applyed warm and when it either grows cold or dry 't is to be renewed several times and continued thus a quarter or half an hour twice a day No quantity for each time is set down The time is in the morning and evening if the affection be cold or it be in winter otherwise it is to be used 4 times a day if hot or it be summer and note this diligently that if the strength be extream weak after the use of a liquid one the solid one should be prescribed The FORM of prescribing â„ž c. Make a liquid Epitheme to be kept in a glass at the time of using it take a scarlet cloth c. The VTILITY 't is generally used to corroborate and also to cool seldom to heat for this purpose the solid form is more effectual it is prescribed against the hot distempers of the heart and Liver as also to strengthen and resist malignity if there be any suspition of it their use is chiefest in Fevers in the Summer time Note that liquid Epithemes may be applyed to the whole breast profitably in burning and hectick severs composed of moyst and cooling waters or decoctions prescribed in a greater quantity as also in the burnings of the head Phrensie c. see Rose-vinegar They are also sometimes applyed to the testicles in extream heats for by their communication with the whole body the very habit of the body and the blood is cooled therefore it is most profitable in the bleeding at nose or otherwise and to this purpose they use a mixture of vinegar and water to the same end sometimes cooling things are applyed to the hand-wrists against the heat and fervency of the heart so also to the fieriness of the face c. in summ every thing comprehended under the name of an Epitheme may be used to any part inflamed or beset with a hot affection though the word Epitheme be properly understood of a thing in relation to the heart or Liver The solid Epitheme That is called so that is not fluid like water though they are prescribed of a diverse consistence as wel a soft as otherwise In it note three things Composition the Vse and Vtility As to the COMPOSITION 't is made divers wayes 1. Either and this is most usual in the form of an Opiate made of conserves of flowers powders of electuaries but seldom of a simple powder and of Confections as aforesaid with a fit Liquor distilled water simple or compound an appropriate juyce c. As to the quantity in general it scarce exceeds four ounces but in special let there be of conserves three ounces confections three drams powders one dram or two at most 2. Or else in form of a liniment especially in hot affections of the heart as also in cold they may also be used in affections of the Liver of oyntment of Roses ceratum santalinum c. two ounces fit conserves half an ounce six drams to cordial powders half a dram or two scruples 3. Or of See what Pipio signifies for it is not a Pippin a Pippin cut in two in the middle and is most usual which let bestrewed with one dram of the powder of some cordial Electuary or two drams of the powder of ordinary Epithemes Hither may be referred Puppies and Kittens cut in halves to be applyed to the head chiefly in the declination of Phrensies sprinkled with a digesting and strengthening powder of the flowers of Roses Chamomil berries of kermes and such like to half an ounce The VSE as to the manner let the solid one in the form of an Opiate be extended on a scarlet cloth wet in a convenient Liquor and gently pressed and then be applyed warm to the region of the heart and that either after the use of the liquid one or otherwise also The time is indifferent it may be renewed twice or thrice a day The FORM appears out of the composition â„ž c. make an Epitheme c. The utility of a solid form like an Opiate is chiefly to strengthen and heat as also that in form of a Liniment and that made with a Pipio see before they may also be made to cool of Conserves in the form of a Liniment but that form is chiefly used and most profitable for the Liver In general they are made to alter strengthen where the strength is much wasted CHAP. II. Of Lotions THe reason and definition of the name is clear for it is as it were a particular kinde of Bathe dedicated chiefly to the head and feet hence I account it two-fold Cephalical and for the feet The Cephalical Lotion Is COMPOVNDED of a decoction of Cephalical simples in which two things are to be considered the matter and the Liquor in these the quality and quantity The MATTER in relation both to quality and quantity there is taken of roots to two ounces or three ounces of Leaves from four handfuls to eight seeds from one ounce to two flowers pug 4. Note that sometimes spices are added to half an ounce or six drams and when you would dry powerfully unmelted brimstone half an ounce and when the head is to be particularly purged after general means you may add Senna leaves to one ounce white Agarick half an ounce The Liquor as to the quality is either a Lye made of Vine ashes or the ordinary Lye of Barbers adding white wine if you wil or to the wine
add water to 4 ounces As to the quantity 't is said of wine s q. or of each a like quantity The VSE as to the manner the head is wet with it in the sun-shine in a clear day and if you can a quiet warm place afterwards the head is to be throughly dryed with sponges soaked in Aqua vitae and lastly 't is to be covered diligently with dryed locks of hemp wel fumed with suffumigations The time let it be washed in the morning two hours before dinner the belly being first evacuated The Form â„ž c. Make a decoction wash the head c. The VTILITY is great after purging where the relicks of the matter imparted is to be dissipated consumed as also where the head is to be strengthened and they are for the most part addicted onely to the cold distempers of the head and brain they may also be prepared for other uses as for outward affections of the head as tetters dandruff lice filth made of the sharpest sort of cleansers with urine and lye alwayes adding cephalical-herbs The lotion for the feet Is compounded of the decoction of simples hot or cold made either in water or Lye as is fittest for the purpose the ingredients of the decoction should be in the same dose as for the cephalical lotion But note that as to the quality of the ingredients because this is usually instituted to provoke sleep the cooling cephalical simples are to be chosen and that the heads of white Poppy in number 4 may wel be added Note also that where you would dry heat and strengthen and in the swelling oedematous or phlegmatick affections of the leggs Salt and Allum may be profitably mingled with it to four ounces and Quicksulfure to two ounces The VSE and FORM â„ž c. Make a decoction for a lotion for the feet morning or evening before meat or before sleep if it be to procure it The VTILITY is either to mend their own proper affections trembling of them to cal down the humours from the higher parts if they are made of heating cephalical medicines also to ease weariness or which is most generally the use of them to provoke sleep in the raging heat of Fevers and fervency of the brain CHAP. III. Of a Fomentation IT is called a Fomentation because it doth foment and cherish the parts to which it is applyed by the heat it is applyed withall for all Fomentations are in action hot seldom any cold And it is two-fold moist and dry The moyst Fomentation The moyst one is a Liquor fit to be applyed to divers parts by the help of Limons sisters Sponges serving to diuers intentions And this is again two-fold simple and more compound The SIMPLE Liquor that is wont to be prescribed for a Fomentation as to its quality is either hot or warm water when we would relax in pains that come from over-much fulness or Wine when we would discusse and strengthen or wine and water together where we would do both at once or either temperately or milk in great paines or oyl common or other where we would mollifie in relation to the paine and digest as to the scope or water and oyl Vinegar and water or Vinegar of Roses in hot affections or Lee of Vine-ashes in cold affections if we should digest and dry strongly As to the quantity that is to be defined by the long continuance of the use of it and the bigness of the part to be fomented so for the eye 4 ounces wil suffice for the stomack one pint or a pint and a half for the short rib-region and belly as is usual in obstructions three pints The Compound is made of the decoction of various kindes of simples parts of plants and a convenient Liquor in which we must consider quality and quantity As to the quality of the matter there are prescribed roots leaves fruits seeds flowers sometimes all together where a greater quantity is to be prepared sometimes some few only As to the quantity it is various according to the diversity of the parts As for example for the eyes it may be prescribed to the dose of a potion or the fourth part of the Apozem for four ounces wil suffice or six at most for the stomack half the proportion of an Apozem or something more for the whole belly the whole dose of the Apozem The Liquor in which the decoction is to be made is simple water or water and wine together sometimes milk where you would lenisie Lye where you would digest Smiths water where binde c. according to the scope as to the quantity t is prescribed q. s Note that sometimes the decoction being made and strained divers things may be added as white wine in obstructions of the bowels to one pint or a pint and a half sometimes Vinegar in affections of the spleen to 6 7 or 8 ounces for penetration sake Aqua vitae for the stomack to two or three ounces and to strengthen also or appropriate oyls to 4 ounces half a pint c. and it is generally the use in practice to prescribe them after the use of the Apozem in obstructions of the bowels as â„ž of the decoction prescribed for the Apozem three or four pints add to it of wine c. make a somentation for the belly The VSE and FORM â„ž c. Make a decoction for a fomentation with which let the part affected be fomented with a doubled linnen cloth shreds or a sponge wet in it and a little wrung out again or else use a hoggs bladder half ful of the Liquor morning and evening so as it cools apply another by turns Note that in the fomentation of the belly under the short ribs 't is usually said let the short-ribregion be fomented in the morning 2 or 3 hours before dinner or else before supper for three or four dayes changing often the fomentation lest it cool too much and it is usually prescribed after the fomentation to be anointed with such an oyl liniment or unguent hot The Use is after general purgations otherwise whe need requires The UTILITY is large so that there is hardly any part which as it may be fomented shal not receive very much benefit from it it is used to the eyes affected both for the pain and inflammation of them c. Also against obstructions of the spleen and bowels c. against the pains of divers parts to provoke the courses for the cholerick affections of the reins inflammations of the reins it rarifies the skin that the humours contained may be the better digested attenuated dissolved when they are thin and when hard mollified it turns things to vapours and helps much by its gentle heat hence it is used in pains to relax mollifie digest dry binde strengthen heat and also sometimes to cool but then there is rather to be used an Epithem as in cholerick inflammations The dry Fomentation So I cal from the effect that fomentation and baggs which are
things as the finest flower and binding things as bole Sanguis Draconis Acacia mixed with Vinegar and the white of an Egge and applyed to the forehead against bleeding at nose or to stop the course of humours flowing to the eyes In our usual Frontal we consider three things Composition Vse and Vtility 'T is COMPOUNDED 1. in a dry form which is properly a Frontal as to its quality 't is usually of the flowers of Violets Roses water Lillies white Poppy seed and Lettice seed As to their quantity the flowers use to be prescribed to 3 or 4 pug the seeds to half an ounce Note that sometimes to these are added to strengthen and discuss flowers of Cammomil and Melilot ana p. half the seeds of Coriander and Dil ana half a dram Note also that sometimes these Frontals are made onely of the leaves of Lettice and Henbane to 2 or 3 handfuls bruised and sprinkled with oyl of Violets and Vinegar or sometimes one handful of these are added to the former 2. Or else in a moister form and that 1. in the form of a Liniment of Vnguentum Populeon or of Roses to 6 drams oyls of Violets c. half an ounce or of Unguentum Populeon only 2. In the form of a Cataplasm of Leaves Flowers Seeds as aforesaid adding a little oyl and Vinegar to it The USE and Form of the dryer sort is â„ž c. bruise them and fold them up in a thin linnen cloth make a Frontal which either moistened with the vapor of Vinegar and sprinkled with it is to be applyed to the forehead and temples at the hour of sleep That of the Liniment is â„ž c. Let them be anointed on the forehead and temples at the houre of sleep and after four or five hours let it be wiped off and renewed That of the Cataplasm â„ž c. Make it like a Cataplasm which foulded between a doubled Linnen cloth let it be applyed to the forehead and temples The UTILITY is chiefly to cool against the burnings of the head as in Fevers and the Frensie to procure sleep in long wakefulness which in those affections do much prey on the strength and trouble the minde also to repress vapours in Fevers sometimes to repel and for paines of the head c. CHAP. II. Of an Oxirrhodine SOme refer this to the Epithemes some to the Embrocations taking its name from Vinegar and Oyl of Roses yet seeing 't is a form of Medicine which seems wholly dedicated to the head I wil adjoyn it for the liquid Frontall 'T is Compounded 1. Either more simply of four parts of Oyl of Roses and one of Vinegar beaten wel together so that the whole composition do not exceed 8 ounces or lib 1. at most 2. Or more compound of oyl of Roses and other cephalical oyls with Rose vinegar and cooling cephalical waters to this proportion of oyls 4 or 6 ounces Vinegar 2 or 3 ounces Waters 4 ounces let them be beaten wel together 3. Or instead of waters with Juyces of the same things prescribed in the same quantity The Vse and Form c. beat all wel together let Linnen clothes dipped and wet with this mixture be applyed to the head forehead and temples changing them often The VTILITY 'T is excellent in the frensie and diliniums or ilness of head to repel thin humours and vapours from the head and in burning Fevers where you fear an alienation of the mind CHAP. III. Of a quilt Cap. THis is dedicated to the cold and moist affections of the head 'T is Compounded in relation to its quality of cephalical simples wel sented either roots dryed leaves flowers woods spices as Cloves and Cinnamon c. seldom of seeds and of gums as Benzoin and sometimes Styrax because easily powdered Musk and Ambergreese may be added for the richer sort And this is their usual proportion of roots one ounce dryed Leaves two or three handfuls which may also be prescribed by weight to half an ounce 6 drams flowers to p. 2 3 which may also be appointed by weight to two or three drams or half an ounce gums to one or two drams Musk half a scruple or a scruple c. so that the whole composition do not exceed three or four ounces Note that some wil add those sweet powders which we cal Violet powder and Cyprus powder to half an ounce The USE and FORM â„ž c. Make a powder which mix with fine cotton or sleivesilk so bast it and quilt it between two silks and make a quilt to be worn on the head or sewed to the inside of the Cap sometimes two are prescribed and then the quantity of the powder is to be doubled and 't is said make two Caps of which let him wear one in the night and the other sowed to his cap for the day and when they grow fatty with sweat c. let them be left off and new ones made The VTILITY is famous in cold affections of the brain moist ones also from whence spring divers diseases of the nether parts but they are chiefly prescribed after general purgings to draw a way the relicks of the morbifical matter for cold and lasting affections of the head it self for Catarrhs to retain consume and stop all defluxions to cherish the animal spirits and to strengthen the head and brain therefore they ought to be medicaments of thin parts that they may the easier penetrate the skul least it should either receive or ingender new impurities c. CHAP. IV. Of a Collyrium IT is a topical eye-Medicine addicted particularly to the affections of the eyes called a Collyrium by the Greeks from its virtue to stop rhewmes And it is two-fold the moist which is now onely called a Collyrium and the dry properly called Seife by the Arabians The moyst Collyrium This is twofold the Liquid which in form of a Liquor is dropped into the eyes and the grosser which is anointed on of the consistency of honey or a Liniment But vapors are not said to be any of the sorts of a Collyrium which seeing they are nevertheless prescribed in affections of the eyes I will first speak of them so that I shall aecount a moist Collyrium threefold one like vapors another as liquor the last like honey The vaporous is not so much a form of a Collyrium as of a Medicine preparing the humors and eyes that the vertues of other things may be received to the better purpose as in suffusions spots c. It is also prescribed by it self to discuss which is altogether the best way as also when the sight is to be cleared c. T is COMPOSED or made 1. of the breath of ones self or another as of a boy having washed his mouth and chewed fennel seed c. breathed into the eyes which is often to be done and continued sometime as need requires 2 Or else may be prescribed a decoction to the quantity of a Clister made of leaves seeds flowers sharpening
the moyst Collyrium here follows the dry The dry Collyrium This useth to be prepared two ways in the form of powder and of a Troschisck The POWDER is made of simples levigated into a very sine powder aad is properly called by the Arabians Seife It is COMPOVNDED of Ohpthalmical simples reduced to a very subtle powder called Alcool to be prescribed to half an ounce or one ounce at most The VSE and FORM â„ž c. Grind it on a stone with some convenient liquor to a most subtle Alcool after dry it of which let gr two or three be blown into the eye through a small quill after it let the eye-lid be gently rubbed for some space or else that Alcool may be mixed with some convenient Liquor and so made into a Collyrium or of it may be made a Liniment as aforesaid The VTILITY is great and chiefly to cleanse off spots suffusions c. if powder only be blown in as also to cicatrize or heal or if it be dissolved in Liquor as is said it may be for divers uses though this be less usual TROSCHISHS are usually made without saying in Troschischs of the Alcohool of divers powders to six drams or one ounce at most which are made up with a convenient Liquor See Troschischs The VSE and FORM â„ž c with c. make Troschischs as big as Lupines or Pastills to the weight of one dram dry them in the shade grinde one of them dissolve it with the aforesaid things to make a Collyrium or Liniment The VTILITY they may be for any intention seeing that these Troschischs are onely a convenient form for preserving the virtues of the medicines but they are generally used to dry and cleanse c. and for the inflammation of the eyes with Opium as trosch albi Rhafis which also are prevalent for the redness to digest inflammations diminish scars and other intentions of like sort In this form fit powders may be kept vvhich are ready at hand for use either in a Linniment or Collyrium or a powder according to the variety of the scope of which before CHAP. V. Of a Gargarism T Is a Liquid Medicine dedicated to the affections of the Mouth Gums Jaws Larinx and sometimes of the head by gargarizing as they cal it washing of the Jaws and top of the throat without swallowing it down 'T is Compounded of VVATERS and things to be dissolved The waters are distilled in quantity to a pint or a pint and a half The things to be dissolved are alwaies some fit syrup to three or four ounces sometimes according to the scope Diamoron Dianucum Honey to one ounce and a half or two ounces also sometimes some juice convenient for the affection as Vinegar Verjuice in repellers to 2 or 3 ounces 2. Or of waters and Juices chiefly cooling of the first sort 8 ounces of the latter 4 with the aforesaid things that are to be dissolved 3. Or which is usual of the decoction of divers parts of plants according to your scope more or fewer neer the proportion of a Clister made in a fit liquor in lib. 1. or lib. 1 and a half in which let the aforesaid things be dissolved The VSE and FORM â„ž c. make a Gargarisme with which wash the mouth often an hour before dinner and supper or else at any time if need be cold if to repel warm if to digest The VTILITY is various according to the variety of the affections to repel in the beginning of inflammations for every hot distemper of the mouth for defluxions to cleanse to digest in inflammations for the il savour of the mouth for divers affections of the Jaws and mouth Sometimes though seldom 't is made to draw phlegm out of the head of the decoction of cutting cleansing cephalical things of thin parts but mastcatories are better for this CHAP. VI. Of an Apophlegmatisme IT is a sort of the Caput-purgiums or head-purgers as also is the Errhinum dedicated to the phlegmatick affections of the braine to draw forth forth flegme from it from whence it hath its name as for that which some do in calling them Masticatories 't is abusively for there are liquid Apophlegmatismes yet 't is of late received for a practical use because the solid form of an Apophlegmatisme is the the more vsual so that by the word Apophlegmatisme they simply understand a Masticatory as you may easily perceive But be it as it wil 't is two fold dry and liquid This Form of Head-purging Medicines is properly called a Masticatory but commonly called also an Apophlegmatisme 'T is COMPOUNDED or prescribed 1. Of fit phlegm-purging simples see the matter as usually Pellitory of Spaine c. steeped a night in an ounce or two of Vinegar which let him chew in the morning 2. Or else of the powder of the aforesaid sharp things of thin parts to 3 drams or half an ounce which is mixed with wax q. s Or else with only Mastick others do otherwise but wax is most convenient for so the powder holds the firmer together 3 Or the aforesaid powder is included in a thin but strong linnen cloth and is tyed in a knot for which usually one ounce of Mastick is taken for a basis and 2 or 3 drams of other sharper things these are prescribed make them into little knots c. The USE and FORM of the second manner â„ž c. with c. make pellets or spetting balls or globulets like great pils or troschischs in the form of Lupines hazzle Nuts c. of the weight of 2 scruples one dram c. Make chewable cakes of which let him chew one and rowle it up and down his mouth every morning when his stomack is empty and that for half an hour holding down his head often spitting out that that dissolves from the pellet after let him wash his mouth with warm water wine c. that the relicks remaining may be washed often away it may also be reiterated two hours before supper The VTILITY 't is singular after general evacuations for the particular purging of the brain it draws away the relicks of phlegmatick humors especially from the brain and chiefly from the center and foremost ventricles of it as also from the adjoyning parts to it it also purgeth the parts neer the mouth as gums jaws teeth in the ach of which 't is usual mouth throat and whethersoever the heat of it it can diffuse it self Lastly it melts cuts and draws forth plegm and is excellent in cold and inveterate affections of the brain The liquid Apophlegmatisme It is like the Gargarisme which may be called the purging gargarisme 'T is Compounded of the Decoction of Cephalical things that attenuate and cut whether roots leaves seeds flowers neer the quantity of a gargarisme adding also things that draw forth phlegme to an ounce an ounce and a half or two ounces made in wine or Mead. Note that it may be made more purgative by adding in the decoction Senna
Carthamum and sometimes Turbith to half an ounce or 6 drams The quantity of it and of the things to be dissolved is as in a Gargarisme The USE and FORM is the same for it is really a purging gargarisme The VTILITY is the same as of the masticatory yet because when gargarized it enters farther into the Throat and it also draweth farther from the almons of the ears and ousle and 't is also thought to draw more powerfully from the brain CHAP. VII Of Dentifrices THis Remedy though it seem onely beautifying yet 't is often prescribed by Physitians for other affections 'T is Composed 1. Either in the form of water with which either the teeth are washed or else they are rubbed with a linnen with it hither belong the spirits of Vitriol and Sulfure in a smal quantity diluted in the water with which the teeth may be rubbed It marvelously cleanseth and whiteneth them and preserves them from rotting yet it must be done warily for it makes them apt to break 2. Or else in the forme of a liniment of six drams or 1 ounce of powder with a s q. of hony of Roses so make it of the consistency of an Opiate or a Liniment 3. Or in the form of Troschischs like a suppository with which being dryed and hardened let the teeth be rubbed These are made of an ounce and a half or two ounces of powder with the muscilage of gum dragant q. s make Troschischs like suppositories and dry them The VSE and FORM â„ž c. Make c. with which either let the mouth be washed c. or anointed or let the teeth be rubbed afterwards let the the mouth be washed with a convenient liquor water wine c. The UTILITY 't is prescribed chiefly to whiten the teeth cleanse and fasten them also to remedy the scates and rottenness of them to strengthen and incarnate the gums and defend them from defluxions Note that as to the matter of them there is usually and profitably to cleanse Tartar Coral crust of bread burnt Salt Scuttle-bone Pumice-stone c. to which for the richer sort sweet smelling things as Musk Ambergreece should be added CHAP. VIII Of Errhines or sneezing Medicines 'T Is a Medicine in general which is drawn up in the nose from whence its name either for affections of the head or the proper affections of the nostrils to purge the first to alter the others diversly so that I may rightly esteem it two-fold purging and altering The purging Errhine 'T is dedicated to purge the brain of divers vitious humours which it doth either without sneezing and then is called absolutely an Errhine which they otherwise cal a he adpurge or with sneezing and then is called a Sternutatory or sneezing Medicine Of that which is called absolutely an Errhine It emptieth the brain without sneezing and in relation to its form is threefold Liquid soft and solid The Liquid is compounded 1. Either of Juices onely of head-purgers which is pressed out of 4 handfuls of the leaves bruised and strained with four ounces of white Wine this Liquor is kept in a glass bottle for use this is otherwise prescribed thus more briefly â„ž of the Juices newly drawn out of the leaves of green Herbs with white wine c four ounces eight ounces seldom 't is prescribed to lib 1. unless for a continual use and in diets Note that sometimes to make it the more cephalical Betony c. may be joyned with it or a little of some cephalical decoction and that it may the more penetrate one ounce of Aqua vitae may be added 2. Or altogether of a decoction of cephalical things as the Apophlegmatisme is the leaves of head-purgers being joyned of which strained take 6 or 8 ounces in which either nothing is dissolved or sometimes fit juyces to 2 or 3 ounces Aqua vitae c. Note that some to purge the more wil-dissolve purging opiates in it but 't is better to boyl some fit purger with the rest of the things The VSE and FORM â„ž c. Make an Errhine or a head purge keep it in a glass bottle let it be used warm in the morning two hours before dinner or also before supper snuff it up out of the palm of the hand the mouth being ful of water continue this 3 or 4 dayes 3 or 4 times at once or if a diet be appointed let it be continued the whole time of the diet The SOFT Errhine is compounded 1 In the form of a Liniment of divers juyces and oyl of Iroes ana two ounces boyl them to the consumption of the juyces add wax q. s make a Liniment to which may be added a dram and a half of sharp powders or which is best half a scruple or a scruple of Elaterium 2. Or in the consistence of an Opiate of two ounces of the aforesaid Juyces Wine an ounce and a half Honey q. s boyl it gently to the consistence of an opiate N B that besides sharp or or purging powders as Elaterium Colocinthis may be added to one scruple Note also that the Opiate may be made without Juices of two drams or 3 drams of powder honey q. s The VSE and FORM â„ž c. make c. and with your finger or a feather anoint the inside of your nostrils and holding forwards your head let the humors be drawn forth t is best after it to wash the nostrils See Errhinum The SOLID is compounded 1. either in the form of a powder of fit things to two drams 3. drams half an ounce 2. or in a solid form and is properly called a Nasal of the powder of such like things two or three drams make it up with a fit muscilage or turpentine q s and wax make a Nasal in the shape of a Pyramid The VSE and FORM of the Powder â„ž c. blow up a little as for example half a scruple or a scruple with a quil into the Nostrilâ— Of the Nasal thuâ— â„ž c. make it in the figure of a Piramid which being anointed with oyl put it up in the Nostrils The VTILITY is after general purges in aâ—fections of the head especially the cold and lasting ones and also in them that proceed from choler and watrish humors from whence often spring very sharp pains and for all affections arising from the foulness of the brain therefore in diets it is most usual and most profitable it purgeth the foremost ventricles of the brain and the meminges or coverings of it but t is warily to be prescribed in affections of the eyes The sneezing medicine T is COMPOUNDED of the Powder of sneezing simples to one dram and a half or 2. drams for they are strong The USE and FORM â„ž c. Make a fine powder whose steam is either to be drawn into the Nostrils or especially when cephalical things are mixed with it in equal quantity a little as gr 1 2 3 by the help of a quil may be snuffed up in the