be_v boil_v to_o a_o clearness_n and_o set_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a crystal_n glass_n in_o a_o small_a time_n put_v on_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o german_a amethyst_n and_o in_o three_o hour_n time_n a_o lovely_a green_n xvi_o have_v gather_v by_o filtration_n the_o precipitate_v of_o sublimate_n dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o when_o it_o be_v dry_a pour_v spirit_n of_o salt_n upon_o it_o in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n the_o precipitate_a at_o the_o first_o will_v become_v white_a and_o when_o the_o ebullition_n which_o succeed_v the_o mixture_n be_v end_v it_o become_v a_o transparent_a liquor_n xvii_o have_v drop_v spirit_n of_o salt_n upon_o a_o four_o part_n of_o calcine_v copper_n we_o find_v that_o the_o mixture_n produce_v a_o tincture_n of_o a_o muddy_a red_a and_o a_o white_a powder_n which_o be_v act_v on_o by_o the_o fire_n exhibit_v several_a colour_n xviii_o the_o solution_n of_o copper_n just_o now_o mention_v be_v put_v into_o a_o cylindrical_a vial_n and_o 2_o or_o 3_o 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seize_v with_o some_o violent_a hysterick_n and_o hypochondriacal_a fit_n which_o for_o the_o time_n give_v she_o a_o bastard_n palsy_n every_o thing_n before_o she_o seem_v to_o be_v dye_v with_o bright_a and_o vivid_n but_o unusual_a colour_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n that_o several_a that_o be_v seize_v with_o the_o plague_n sometime_o before_o fancy_v every_o thing_n colour_v over_o very_o beautiful_o and_o this_o symptom_n be_v successful_o remove_v as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o symptom_n of_o that_o distemper_n by_o a_o vomit_n the_o vomit_n which_o be_v successful_o give_v in_o this_o be_v make_v of_o about_o 8_o or_o 10_o drachm_n of_o crocus_n metallorum_fw-la and_o half_a a_o drachm_n of_o white_a vitriol_n but_o further_a as_o the_o apparition_n of_o a_o colour_n may_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o humour_n
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estimate_v the_o degree_n of_o it_o by_o the_o change_v it_o cause_v on_o those_o body_n that_o discover_v it_o be_v slight_a variation_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o our_o sense_n since_o neither_o our_o sensory_n alone_o nor_o common_a weather-glass_n be_v too_o confident_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o in_o judge_v of_o the_o degree_n of_o it_o for_o cold_a be_v a_o relative_a quality_n in_o respect_n of_o our_o sensory_n as_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o organ_n vary_v so_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o cold_a may_v seem_v violent_a or_o more_o remiss_a as_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o hot_a bath_n the_o most_o remiss_a degree_n seem_v hot_a to_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o open_a air_n yet_o cold_a and_o chill_a to_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o a_o hot_a bath_n into_o that_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o appear_v to_o be_v that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o cool_a bath_n be_v more_o brisk_o agitate_a about_o our_o sensory_a than_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n but_o 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the_o agitation_n of_o the_o humour_n seem_v cold_o than_o before_o yet_o when_o blow_v upon_o a_o common_a weatherglass_n that_o motion_n enable_v it_o not_o to_o depress_v the_o mercury_n beside_o sometime_o we_o may_v be_v more_o sensible_o affect_v with_o cold_a when_o it_o depend_v not_o on_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n in_o general_a but_o either_o on_o some_o steam_n which_o be_v endow_v with_o frigorifick_a quality_n as_o opium_n external_o apply_v or_o on_o some_o chill_a distemper_a humour_n in_o our_o body_n but_o further_a sometime_o body_n appear_v cold_a to_o our_o sensory_n than_o to_o a_o weatherglass_n because_o the_o former_a be_v more_o affect_v by_o the_o density_n and_o penetrancy_n of_o the_o part_n so_o water_n have_v appear_v cold_a to_o our_o body_n 1._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 1._o when_o by_o a_o nice_a weatherglass_n i_o can_v not_o discover_v that_o it_o be_v cold_o
be_v much_o more_o uncertain_a which_o way_n of_o estimate_v weather-glass_n though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o certain_a as_o unquestionable_o to_o answer_v expectation_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v of_o advantage_n to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v to_o certainty_n but_o 2d_o consideration_n the_o 2d_o second_o there_o be_v unaccurateness_n in_o measure_v of_o cold_a by_o weather-glass_n which_o may_v be_v avoid_v yet_o be_v not_o since_o sufficient_a care_n be_v not_o take_v that_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v exact_v all_o along_o from_o one_o end_n to_o another_o nor_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a proportion_n betwixt_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o that_o of_o the_o pipe_n beside_o open_a weather-glass_n may_v be_v more_o commodious_o contrive_v for_o thermometrical_a experiment_n than_o those_o that_o be_v common_o make_v use_n of_o 2._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o in_o which_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vial_n be_v so_o close_v with_o cement_n or_o wax_n that_o the_o external_n air_n have_v no_o communication_n with_o it_o but_o through_o the_o pipe_n upon_o a_o expansion_n or_o condensation_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n the_o liquor_n have_v much_o more_o room_n to_o rise_v and_o fall_v in_o than_o the_o pendulous_a liquor_n in_o ordinary_a glass_n where_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v much_o too_o small_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o cavity_n into_o which_o it_o must_v expand_v itself_o when_o rarify_v to_o make_v the_o rise_n or_o fall_v of_o the_o liquor_n in_o that_o to_o be_v so_o sensible_a enough_o but_o beside_o that_o this_o of_o we_o have_v this_o advantage_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o consequent_o the_o water_n have_v much_o more_o room_n to_o play_v up_o and_o down_o in_o it_o have_v this_o advantage_n further_o that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o convenient_a for_o our_o 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the_o expansion_n consider_v together_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v the_o hypothesis_n suspicious_a i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n depend_v on_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n as_o we_o shall_v in_o a_o little_a time_n make_v appear_v and_o then_o this_o computation_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o fallacious_a for_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o the_o force_n require_v to_o compress_v air_n be_v in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n or_o thereabouts_o to_o the_o space_n comprehend_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o air_n so_o that_o if_o a_o cylinder_n of_o four_o inch_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v a_o pressure_n equivalent_a to_o ten_o pound_n weight_n when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v compress_v into_o two_o inch_n a_o equal_a force_n superadd_v to_o the_o former_a will_v drive_v up_o that_o already_o compress_a air_n into_o half_a the_o space_n which_o be_v about_o a_o inch_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o in_o estimate_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n in_o a_o weatherglass_n we_o must_v not_o only_o consider_v how_o much_o space_n it_o be_v make_v to_o desert_n but_o also_o what_o proportion_n that_o desert_a space_n bear_v to_o the_o whole_a space_n it_o possess_v before_o and_o to_o what_o degree_n of_o density_n it_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o application_n of_o that_o force_n and_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v not_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o that_o of_o a_o weight_n which_o may_v remain_v always_o the_o same_o but_o that_o of_o a_o spring_n forcible_o bend_v who_o resistance_n be_v great_a as_o it_o be_v crowd_v into_o less_o room_n consideration_n the_o four_o consideration_n four_o we_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o liquor_n employ_v in_o weather-glass_n till_o we_o have_v a_o more_o determinate_a theory_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o cold_a for_o among_o liquor_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o the_o one_o be_v most_o subject_a to_o be_v affect_v with_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o to_o freeze_v that_o the_o other_o be_v less_o susceptible_a of_o the_o low_a degree_n of_o it_o since_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n receive_v notable_a impression_n from_o faint_a degree_n of_o cold_a than_o water_n do_v when_o make_v use_v of_o in_o weather-glass_n though_o in_o our_o climate_n the_o latter_a be_v much_o more_o ready_o turn_v into_o ice_n beside_o we_o be_v not_o to_o conclude_v that_o all_o subtle_a and_o most_o spirituous_a liquor_n must_v be_v least_o capable_a of_o be_v congeal_v since_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n distil_v by_o a_o limbeck_n be_v extreme_o hot_a yet_o will_v it_o be_v congeal_v by_o a_o much_o gentle_a degree_n of_o cold_a than_o water_n and_o will_v be_v long_o undissolved_a upon_o a_o thaw_v and_o i_o know_v some_o distil_a liquor_n which_o consist_v of_o part_n very_o penetrate_v and_o vehement_o agitate_a yet_o more_o subject_n to_o freeze_v than_o the_o generality_n of_o chemical_a oil_n or_o saline_a spirit_n and_o indeed_o if_o we_o allow_v that_o cold_a depend_v on_o a_o diminution_n of_o the_o usual_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n i_o see_v not_o beside_o those_o more_o catholic_n agent_n which_o produce_v cold_a in_o most_o body_n they_o invade_v why_o one_o body_n may_v not_o be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o frigorifick_a in_o respect_n of_o this_o or_o that_o body_n and_o not_o of_o a_o three_o for_o quicksilver_n will_v be_v coagulate_v by_o the_o fume_n of_o lead_n which_o have_v no_o such_o effect_n on_o other_o body_n nor_o can_v the_o utmost_a degree_n of_o cold_a 〈…〉_o power_n to_o congeal_v it_o and_o from_o 〈…〉_o the_o jesuit_n relate_v it_o appear_v that_o water_n in_o peculiar_a region_n may_v receive_v such_o a_o disposition_n from_o the_o soil_n as_o to_o receive_v strange_a impression_n of_o cold_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o effect_n it_o produce_v there_o on_o humane_a body_n and_o though_o opium_n refrigerate_v not_o water_n as_o i_o have_v experience_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o good_a weatherglass_n yet_o a_o few_o grain_n of_o it_o present_o refrigerate_v the_o mass_n of_o blood_n which_o be_v not_o only_o a_o argument_n that_o most_o liquor_n have_v peculiar_a texture_n but_o that_o the_o part_n of_o one_o body_n may_v be_v so_o convenient_o shape_v as_o to_o be_v able_a by_o insinuate_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o another_o to_o stop_v the_o agitation_n of_o their_o part_n and_o in_o favour_n of_o what_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o i_o shall_v further_o add_v that_o i_o know_v more_o liquor_n than_o one_o which_o mingle_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n well_o dephelgm_v will_v present_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o fluidity_n and_o the_o like_a change_n i_o have_v sometime_o observe_v in_o other_o liquor_n and_o i_o can_v make_v a_o liquor_n much_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n of_o water_n that_o receive_v a_o degree_n of_o coldness_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o certain_a substance_n which_o stop_v the_o agitation_n of_o its_o part_n that_o will_v scarce_o have_v any_o sensible_a effect_n on_o water_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o we_o have_v further_a to_o offer_v in_o favour_n of_o our_o new_a thermometer_n thermometer_n consideration_n concern_v the_o new_a thermometer_n beside_o that_o the_o water_n and_o air_n may_v be_v both_o alternate_o condense_v without_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n gravity_n they_o have_v another_o advantage_n that_o they_o may_v be_v use_v in_o several_a place_n and_o remove_v without_o spill_v the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o they_o or_o without_o danger_n of_o it_o be_v evaporate_v beside_o they_o may_v be_v safe_o let_v down_o into_o any_o liquor_n even_o the_o most_o corrosive_a it_o we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o examine_v
their_o in_o do_v of_o which_o instead_o of_o liquor_n make_v use_v of_o in_o common_a glass_n we_o employ_v spirit_n of_o wine_n tinge_v with_o cochineal_n open_v by_o the_o most_o volatile_a spirit_n of_o urine_n which_o be_v not_o only_o in_o less_o danger_n of_o be_v freeze_v but_o susceptible_a of_o the_o slight_a degree_n of_o cold_a impress_v upon_o it_o by_o external_a body_n but_o though_o we_o think_v these_o weather-glass_n subject_a to_o few_o exception_n than_o common_a one_o yet_o in_o estimate_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o cold_a we_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o instrument_n to_o be_v employ_v by_o our_o reason_n and_o not_o quite_o exempt_a from_o those_o imperfection_n we_o have_v impute_v to_o weather-glass_n since_o i_o suspect_v that_o some_o sort_n of_o steam_n penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n may_v have_v other_o effect_n upon_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n than_o what_o they_o have_v in_o reference_n to_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o i_o once_o observe_v that_o have_v immerse_v the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n in_o a_o strange_a kind_n of_o a_o lukewarm_a mixture_n the_o spirit_n rise_v up_o slow_o 8_o or_o 9_o inch_n in_o a_o tube_n not_o above_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o subside_v not_o again_o much_o above_o half_a a_o inch_n when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n a_o good_a while_n after_o it_o have_v be_v immerse_v in_o water_n 5_o hour_n the_o chemist_n orthelius_fw-la in_o his_o theatrum_fw-la chymicum_fw-la vol._n 6._o tell_v we_o that_o the_o liquor_n distil_v from_o the_o oar_n of_o magnesia_n or_o bismute_v will_v swell_v considerable_o in_o the_o glass_n it_o be_v keep_v in_o at_o the_o full_a moon_n and_o subside_o at_o the_o new_a which_o observation_n the_o jesuit_n casatus_fw-la make_v use_v of_o as_o a_o argument_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v myself_o a_o tincture_n of_o amber_n make_v with_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n undergo_v several_a change_n when_o stop_v up_o in_o a_o bottle_n which_o other_o liquor_n abound_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n do_v not_o so_o that_o not_o unlikely_a if_o weather-glass_n furnish_v with_o different_a liquor_n be_v keep_v together_o in_o the_o same_o place_n there_o will_v be_v some_o disparity_n which_o can_v be_v ascribe_v to_o nothing_o but_o the_o peculiar_a nature_n of_o the_o respective_a liquor_n which_o though_o of_o different_a kind_n may_v receive_v the_o same_o colour_n from_o the_o same_o metal_n so_o copper_n give_v the_o know_a colour_n to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o afford_v a_o fair_a solution_n in_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o well_o as_o give_v a_o lovely_a blue_n to_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o shall_v ammoniac_a and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o it_o will_v give_v a_o good_a tincture_n to_o chemical_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o to_o show_v that_o even_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o weather-glass_n may_v be_v work_v upon_o and_o influence_v by_o external_a body_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o one_o that_o lie_v by_o i_o some_o 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dissolve_v in_o high_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n or_o in_o other_o sulphereous_a or_o resinous_n concretion_n dissolve_v in_o the_o same_o liquor_n will_v shoot_v into_o fine_a figure_a mass_n in_o cold_a wether_n and_o re-dissolve_a in_o warm_a other_o be_v more_o rude_o congeal_v and_o even_o in_o chemical_a preparation_n of_o hartshorn_n and_o urine_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o sometime_o the_o spirit_n will_v be_v clear_a and_o at_o other_o time_n will_v suffer_v a_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n of_o salt_n to_o crystallise_v at_o the_o bottom_n according_a to_o the_o various_a alteration_n of_o the_o wether_n in_o point_n of_o heat_n or_o cold._n but_o to_o bring_v instance_n from_o more_o obvious_a liquor_n it_o be_v observe_v in_o some_o part_n of_o france_n by_o the_o watermen_n that_o their_o boat_n will_v carry_v great_a load_v in_o winter_n than_o summer_n and_o on_o freeze_a coast_n in_o several_a country_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o ship_n draw_v less_o water_n than_o on_o our_o british_a coast_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o water_n be_v heavy_a and_o thick_a in_o winter_n than_o in_o summer_n and_o i_o myself_o have_v poise_v a_o bubble_n so_o exact_o with_o water_n in_o it_o that_o though_o it_o will_v swim_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n at_o night_n yet_o in_o the_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n have_v rarify_v the_o water_n it_o swim_v in_o it_o will_v subside_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o sometime_o be_v so_o exact_o of_o a_o correspondent_a weight_n with_o and_o so_o equal_o poise_v in_o the_o water_n that_o it_o will_v neither_o subside_v nor_o swim_v upon_o the_o top_n but_o move_v up_o and_o down_o till_o the_o water_n be_v either_o more_o rarify_v or_o further_o condense_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o this_o chapter_n it_o appear_v one_a that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a predisposition_n in_o body_n the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o judge_v of_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o cold._n 2_o though_o weather-glass_n be_v subject_a to_o few_o alteration_n than_o our_o sense_n yet_o they_o may_v misinform_v we_o except_o we_o at_o the_o same_o time_n measure_v the_o air_n be_v gravity_n by_o other_o instrument_n 3_o our_o seal_a weather-glass_n be_v high_o preferable_a before_o common_a one_o four_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o will_v not_o have_v man_n easy_o deter_v from_o make_v experiment_n about_o estimate_v cold_a because_o they_o may_v seem_v disagreeable_a to_o vulgar_a notion_n since_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o the_o theory_n we_o have_v be_v not_o only_o very_o imperfect_a but_o ill_o ground_v chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o ascent_n of_o water_n by_o cold_a in_o common_a weather-glass_n concern_v the_o reason_n why_o water_n in_o common_a weather-glass_n descend_v upon_o heat_n and_o be_v raise_v by_o cold_a there_o be_v three_o opinion_n which_o 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garden_n about_o 2_o after_o ten_o night_n frost_n the_o ground_n in_o the_o garden_n be_v freeze_v about_o 6_o inch_n ½_n and_o that_o in_o the_o orchard_n be_v freeze_v 8_o ½_n or_o more_o eight_o day_n after_o it_o be_v freeze_v about_o a_o foot_n deep_a 5._o a_o pipe_n of_o glass_n 18_o inch_n long_o be_v thrust_v down_o into_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o ground_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v level_a with_o the_o earth_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v freeze_v 3_o inch_n from_o which_o stick_v of_o ice_n a_o part_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v freeze_v 6_o inch_n deep_a but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n remain_v unfreeze_v the_o ground_n in_o the_o garden_n that_o night_n be_v freeze_v ten_o inch_n deep_a 6._o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o moscow_n the_o ground_n in_o a_o garden_n be_v not_o freeze_v above_o two_o foot_n deep_a but_o capt._n james_n say_v in_o charlton-island_n he_o observe_v the_o 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and_o superficial_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o but_o if_o against_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o shall_v be_v allege_v that_o by_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la they_o only_o mean_v some_o earth_n mix_v with_o the_o common_a part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v how_o we_o must_v discover_v this_o but_o though_o i_o have_v bring_v these_o argument_n against_o this_o common_a receive_v notion_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o gassendus_fw-la who_o think_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v no_o more_o cold_a than_o hot_a since_o it_o be_v natural_o a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v incline_v to_o rest_n it_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o some_o extrinsic_a agent_n to_o put_v its_o part_n in_o motion_n must_v consequent_o affect_v our_o sensory_a with_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o coldness_n than_o air_n or_o water_n who_o part_n be_v more_o agitate_a 4._o and_o if_o those_o that_o argue_v for_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la have_v 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that_o water_n enclose_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o not_o where_o it_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n i_o say_v consider_v these_o thing_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la beside_o air_n condense_v to_o the_o utmost_a degree_n it_o be_v possible_a by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n and_o shut_v up_o in_o a_o convenient_a glass_n have_v be_v condense_v further_o by_o the_o application_n of_o other_o body_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v on_o the_o mixture_n of_o some_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n with_o it_o and_o not_o on_o the_o specific_a texture_n of_o its_o own_o part_n beside_o water_n may_v be_v freeze_v when_o enclose_v in_o substance_n not_o apt_a to_o freeze_v and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v not_o contiguous_a to_o it_o cold._n nitre_n not_o the_o grand_a efficient_a of_o cold._n 8._o the_o next_o opinion_n i_o shall_v consider_v be_v that_o of_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la who_o ascribe_v the_o frigorifick_a virtue_n of_o body_n to_o the_o admixture_n of_o nitre_n but_o though_o i_o allow_v nitre_n to_o be_v a_o substance_n disperse_v through_o most_o body_n yet_o since_o cold_a be_v only_o a_o privative_a quality_n and_o a_o absence_n of_o heat_n there_o be_v other_o agent_n which_o by_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o a_o body_n may_v deprive_v it_o of_o its_o power_n of_o heat_n beside_o it_o must_v be_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o nitre_n that_o will_v be_v able_a to_o render_v every_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v rot_v to_o mention_v that_o nitre_n be_v scarce_o ever_o find_v so_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n as_o some_o sea_n extend_v beside_o the_o sea_n afford_v we_o very_o little_a salt-petre_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o common_a salt_n 9_o and_o though_o gassendus_fw-la assert_v that_o body_n receive_v the_o impression_n of_o cold_a from_o nitrous_a exhalation_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n yet_o among_o all_o the_o experiment_n i_o have_v make_v to_o resolve_v nitre_n into_o vapour_n i_o have_v not_o find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v more_o in_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a than_o other_o saline_n body_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o actual_a coldness_n great_a than_o other_o body_n that_o it_o be_v potential_o hot._n and_o whether_o the_o exhalation_n of_o nitre_n will_v congeal_v water_n or_o not_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n i_o have_v observe_v will_v dissolve_v ice_n as_o soon_o almost_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o though_o nitre_n mix_v with_o snow_n or_o ice_n may_v promote_v congelation_n yet_o it_o prove_v not_o that_o the_o part_n of_o nitre_n be_v frigorifick_a since_o the_o experiment_n will_v succeed_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 10._o have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o gassendus_fw-la his_o opinion_n we_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n propose_v some_o experiment_n which_o will_v be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o we_o have_v be_v say_v 11._o rock-petre_n and_o ice_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bottle_n congeal_v the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n but_o piece_n of_o salt-petre_n lay_v upon_o plate_n of_o ice_n dissolve_v it_o water_n be_v satiate_v with_o salt-petre_n and_o expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o bottle_n break_v it_o several_a crystal_n of_o salt-petre_n have_v shoot_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v cold_o body_n than_o salt-petre_n and_o that_o it_o dissolve_v ice_n and_o it_o be_v rather_o hot_a than_o cold_a in_o respect_n of_o ice_n 12._o on_o a_o windy_a and_o a_o cloudy_a day_n have_v suspend_v a_o weatherglass_n in_o water_n satiate_v with_o salt-petre_n we_o observe_v that_o when_o it_o have_v stand_v a_o considerable_a time_n and_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o string_n up_o into_o the_o air_n the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v raise_v about_o 2_o division_n and_o be_v again_o immerse_v in_o the_o solution_n of_o nitre_n it_o be_v present_o raise_v so_o that_o the_o air_n be_v cold_o than_o the_o solution_n of_o nitre_n 13._o but_o to_o conclude_v this_o title_n though_o i_o be_o far_o from_o think_v nitre_n to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o part_n of_o it_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o the_o air._n not_o but_o that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o body_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o effluvia_fw-la be_v mix_v with_o the_o air_n and_o disperse_v through_o it_o may_v cool_v the_o air_n according_a to_o their_o proportion_n as_o much_o as_o
those_o of_o the_o water_n into_o motion_n induce_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a and_o consequent_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o privation_n of_o that_o motion_n which_o before_o cause_v heat_n argument_n the_o second_o argument_n another_o argument_n allege_v for_o the_o positive_a nature_n of_o cold_a be_v this_o from_o gassendus_fw-la cùm_fw-la per_fw-la hyemem_fw-la immittimus_fw-la manum_fw-la in_o labentis_fw-la fluminis_fw-la aquam_fw-la quod_fw-la frigus_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la sentitur_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la dici_fw-la mera_fw-fr privatio_fw-la aliudque_fw-la prorsus_fw-la esse_fw-la apparet_fw-la sentiri_fw-la aquam_fw-la frigidam_fw-la &_o sentiri_fw-la non_fw-la calidam_fw-la et_fw-la fac_fw-la eandem_fw-la aquam_fw-la gelari_fw-la sentietur_fw-la haud_fw-la dubie_n frigidior_fw-la a_o dices_fw-la boc_fw-la esse_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la quam_fw-la minus_fw-la calidam_fw-la sentiri_fw-la atqui_fw-la calida_fw-la jam_fw-la antea_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la quomodo_fw-la ergò_fw-la potuit_fw-la minus_fw-la calida_fw-la effici_fw-la to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o our_o sensory_n may_v mis-inform_a we_o as_o when_o a_o stick_n be_v partly_o immerse_v in_o water_n shall_v we_o judge_v of_o it_o by_o what_o appear_v to_o our_o sense_n we_o shall_v conclude_v it_o break_v but_o our_o reason_n rectify_v the_o error_n of_o our_o sense_n we_o be_v satisfy_v it_o be_v not_o beside_o sensation_n may_v depend_v on_o alteration_n in_o the_o internal_a part_n as_o well_o as_o on_o the_o impression_n of_o outward_a object_n as_o in_o hunger_n thirst_v coldness_n in_o ague_n and_o titilation_n upon_o venereal_a thought_n beside_o which_o argument_n that_o urge_v against_o the_o former_a objection_n may_v be_v offer_v against_o this_o and_o since_o water_n be_v not_o so_o cold_a as_o ice_n it_o may_v in_o a_o philosophical_a sense_n be_v say_v to_o be_v comparitive_o warm_a and_o though_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o humour_n of_o our_o body_n it_o be_v cold_a 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that_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o privation_n of_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o humour_n may_v occasion_v a_o contrary_a and_o probable_o the_o effect_n ascribe_v to_o cold._n four_o a_o four_o the_o next_o argument_n allege_v by_o gassendus_fw-la and_o to_o be_v consider_v be_v this_o fac_n manuum_fw-la immitti_fw-la in_o aquam_fw-la nunc_fw-la calidam_fw-la nunc_fw-la frigidam_fw-la quamobrem_fw-la manus_fw-la intra_fw-la istam_fw-la non_fw-la intra_fw-la illam_fw-la refrigeratur_fw-la an_fw-mi quia_fw-la calor_fw-la manus_fw-la intra_fw-la frigidam_fw-la retrabitur_fw-la manusque_fw-la proinde_fw-la relinquitur_fw-la calida_fw-la manus_fw-la at_o quidnam_fw-la calor_fw-la refugit_fw-la quod_fw-la intra_fw-la frigidam_fw-la reperiatur_fw-la nun_n frigas_fw-la at_o si_fw-la frigus_fw-la est_fw-la tantum_n privatio_fw-la quidnam_fw-la calor_fw-la ab_fw-la illa_fw-la metuit_fw-la privatio_fw-la sane_fw-la nihil_fw-la est_fw-la atque_fw-la adeo_fw-la nihil_fw-la agere_fw-la unde_fw-la ejus_fw-la motus_fw-la incutiatur_fw-la potest_fw-la but_o without_o suppose_v insensible_a matter_n to_o be_v in_o the_o least_o capable_a of_o proscecute_v or_o avoid_v what_o be_v hurtful_a to_o it_o this_o objection_n be_v easy_o answer_v for_o the_o reason_n why_o warm_a water_n feel_v hot_a and_o cold_a affect_v we_o upon_o immerge_v our_o hand_n in_o it_o be_v because_o the_o part_n of_o the_o one_o be_v more_o and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o other_o less_o agitate_a than_o those_o about_o the_o sensory_a and_o the_o motion_n of_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a be_v increase_v we_o feel_v a_o hot_a sensation_n and_o a_o cold_a one_o upon_o a_o privation_n of_o that_o motion_n five_o a_o five_o and_o though_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o some_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o positive_a nature_n of_o cold_a that_o water_n be_v freeze_v by_o external_o apply_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n yet_o to_o show_v that_o argument_n prove_v not_o that_o cold_a act_n positive_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a explication_n of_o des_fw-fr cartes_n quia_fw-la materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la partibus_fw-la bujus_fw-la aquae_fw-la circumfusa_fw-la crassior_fw-la aut_fw-la minus_fw-la subtilis_fw-la &_o consequenter_fw-la plum_n virium_fw-la habens_fw-la quam_fw-la illa_fw-la quae_fw-la circa_fw-la nivis_fw-la part_n herebat_fw-la locum_fw-la illius_fw-la occupo_fw-la dum_fw-la part_n nivis_fw-la liquescendo_fw-la partibus_fw-la salis_fw-la circumvolvuntur_fw-la facilius_fw-la enim_fw-la per_fw-la salsae_fw-la aquae_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la dulcis_fw-la poros_fw-la movetur_fw-la &_o perpetuo_fw-la ex_fw-la corpore_fw-la uno_fw-la in_fw-la aliud_fw-la transire_fw-la nititur_fw-la ut_fw-la ad_fw-la ea_fw-la loca_fw-la perveniat_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la mortui_fw-la svo_fw-la minus_fw-la resistitur_fw-la quo_fw-la ipso_fw-la materia_fw-la subtilior_fw-la ex_fw-la nive_v in_fw-la aquam_fw-la penetrate_v ut_fw-la egredienti_fw-la succedat_fw-la &_o quum_fw-la non_fw-la satis_fw-la valida_fw-la fit_a ad_fw-la continuandam_fw-la agitationem_fw-la huius_fw-la aquae_fw-la illam_fw-la concrescere_fw-la sinit_fw-la and_o in_o a_o similar_v manner_n calces_fw-la or_o precipitates_fw-la or_o other_o powder_n be_v dry_v by_o be_v place_v on_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n
in_o both_o successive_o and_o the_o salt_n itself_o be_v cast_v into_o water_n scarce_o make_v it_o sensible_o cold_a nor_o do_v the_o glass_n wherein_o this_o salt_n be_v keep_v disclose_v any_o remarkable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o even_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n itself_o when_o the_o ebullition_n be_v over_o appear_v not_o cold_a than_o common_a water_n in_o a_o night_n time_n so_o that_o the_o coldness_n depend_v pure_o upon_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o ferment_a liquor_n and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o spirit_n that_o be_v draw_v off_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o this_o salt_n and_o which_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o sense_n appear_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n yet_o instead_o of_o a_o cold_a ebullition_n it_o produce_v a_o lukewarm_a heat_n and_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v further_o subjoin_v that_o though_o the_o liquor_n above_o mention_v will_v produce_v a_o cold_a ferment_n with_o the_o dry_a salt_n yet_o with_o the_o spirit_n it_o grow_v warm_a though_o some_o of_o the_o same_o frigorifick_a spirit_n keep_v warm_a by_o the_o fire_n till_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n rise_v yet_o upon_o the_o inject_n of_o some_o of_o the_o dry_a salt_n it_o will_v be_v manifest_o depress_v nay_o though_o the_o spirit_n and_o salt_n be_v both_o warm_a yet_o upon_o their_o mixture_n they_o will_v produce_v a_o manifest_a coldness_n and_o to_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o salt_n of_o tartar_n mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n produce_v upon_o their_o ebullition_n a_o degree_n of_o coldness_n great_a than_o that_o of_o water_n and_o when_o a_o weatherglass_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o water_n into_o it_o a_o hour_n after_o the_o ferment_n the_o spirit_n be_v depress_v about_o half_a a_o inch_n though_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n produce_v heat_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o same_o weatherglass_n successive_o immerse_v in_o either_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o mechanical_a origin_n or_o production_n of_o heat_n heat_n of_o the_o mechanical_a production_n of_o heat_n heat_v be_v a_o quality_n who_o nature_n seem_v to_o consist_v in_o a_o mechanical_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n say_v to_o be_v hot_a it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o note_v that_o the_o three_o follow_a condition_n be_v necessary_a in_o modify_v that_o motion_n first_o that_o the_o motion_n be_v more_o rapid_a than_o in_o body_n bare_o fluid_a so_o water_n become_v hot_a by_o a_o increase_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n which_o argue_v their_o vehement_a motion_n by_o dissolve_v butter_n and_o rise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n which_o effect_n be_v more_o conspicuous_a as_o the_o degree_n of_o motion_n be_v great_a or_o less_o another_o instance_n to_o show_v that_o the_o part_n of_o hot_a water_n be_v in_o a_o more_o violent_a agitation_n than_o those_o of_o cold_a be_v in_o water_n cast_v upon_o a_o hot_a iron_n for_o they_o 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one_o way_n contribute_v not_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o its_o heat_n a_o three_o requisite_a be_v that_o the_o part_n in_o such_o a_o motion_n shall_v be_v very_a minute_n so_o as_o to_o be_v insensible_a since_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o though_o sand_n be_v put_v into_o a_o violent_a motion_n it_o acquire_v not_o a_o heat_n by_o it_o this_o account_n of_o heat_n be_v consider_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o a_o body_n may_v become_v hot_a as_o many_o way_n as_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o have_v its_o part_n put_v into_o such_o a_o motion_n to_o illustrate_v which_o observation_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v some_o instance_n of_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n several_a way_n as_o first_o by_o a_o effusion_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n upon_o salt_n of_o tartar_n aq._n fortis_fw-la upon_o silver_n but_o to_o pass_v over_o these_o common_a instance_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o some_o not_o so_o frequent_o know_v have_v first_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o heat_n which_o succeed_v a_o effusion_n of_o cold_a water_n upon_o quicklime_n which_o phaenomenon_n though_o it_o be_v common_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n upon_o the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o lime_n in_o cold_a water_n yet_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v by_o another_o cause_n appear_v since_o the_o like_a succeed_v if_o hot_a water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o cold_a and_o further_o because_o though_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v pour_v on_o it_o cold_a no_o such_o effect_n follow_v experiment_n i._n though_o helmont_n ascribe_v the_o incalescence_n of_o quicklime_n upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n to_o a_o conflict_n of_o a_o alkalizate_n and_o a_o acid_a salt_n set_v at_o liberty_n by_o be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o water_n yet_o since_o no_o such_o acid_n appear_v to_o be_v latent_fw-la in_o quicklime_n the_o account_n be_v unsatisfactory_a for_o i_o may_v as_o well_o suppose_v a_o acid_n latent_fw-la in_o other_o alkaly_n in_o as_o much_o as_o salt_n of_o tartar_n mix_v with_o water_n either_o in_o the_o palm_n of_o one_o hand_n or_o in_o a_o vial_n afford_v a_o sensible_a heat_n experiment_n two_o iii_o iu_o other_o think_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o quicklime_n proceed_v from_o some_o fiery_a empyrumatical_a atom_n lodge_v in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o stone_n when_o calcine_v and_o set_v at_o liberty_n in_o the_o form_n of_o effluvia_fw-la but_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v not_o without_o some_o difficulty_n since_o no_o such_o heat_n succeed_v a_o affusion_n of_o water_n upon_o minium_n or_o crocus_n martis_n per_fw-la se_fw-la though_o their_o increase_n of_o weight_n argue_v that_o they_o be_v stuff_v with_o fiery_a and_o metalline_a particle_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o know_v two_o liquor_n which_o be_v several_a time_n separate_v and_o reconjoin_v without_o addition_n do_v at_o each_o congress_n acquire_v a_o sensible_a heat_n so_o salt_n of_o tartar_n several_a time_n free_v from_o water_n water_n the_o effect_n of_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o water_n will_v produce_v heat_n when_o mix_v again_o with_o that_o water_n which_o show_v that_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v not_o requisite_a to_o impress_v upon_o all_o calcine_v body_n that_o will_v heat_n with_o water_n what_o pass_v for_o a_o empyreum_fw-la and_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v proceed_v from_o a_o disposition_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o salt_n be_v stock_v with_o store_n of_o igneous_a part_n which_o upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o water_n press_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v apt_a to_o break_v the_o texture_n of_o that_o body_n and_o to_o put_v they_o in_o motion_n so_o as_o to_o produce_v a_o sensible_a heat_n and_o that_o the_o ferment_n depend_v upon_o the_o peculiar_a texture_n of_o the_o salt_n i_o be_o persuade_v and_o a_o constipation_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o since_o sal-armon_a dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o boil_v to_o a_o dry_a salt_n be_v not_o so_o much_o impregnate_v with_o fiery_a part_n as_o to_o cause_v a_o heat_n upon_o its_o mixture_n with_o water_n again_o but_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o though_o one_o will_v expect_v a_o great_a cognation_n betwixt_o the_o particle_n of_o fire_n adhere_v to_o quicklime_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n whole_o inflammable_a yet_o the_o latter_a pour_v upon_o the_o former_a do_v not_o produce_v any_o sensible_a incalescence_n or_o dissolution_n of_o it_o and_o when_o this_o spirit_n be_v soak_v into_o it_o i_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o without_o perceive_v the_o least_o heat_n or_o the_o lime_n break_v till_o within_o a_o few_o hour_n after_o so_o that_o the_o spirit_n be_v suck_v into_o the_o most_o capacious_a pore_n of_o the_o lime_n and_o associate_a with_o the_o water_n render_v it_o more_o unfit_a to_o
those_o vapour_n which_o swim_v in_o our_o atmosphere_n opacous_a a_o transparent_a liquor_n may_v yield_v a_o liquor_n diaphanous_a and_o another_o opacous_a have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o fluidity_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o subjoin_v one_o experiment_n which_o show_v how_o a_o transparent_a liquor_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o the_o one_o diaphanous_a and_o the_o other_o opacous_a pour_v into_o a_o warm_a solution_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o quicksilver_n with_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la about_o half_a a_o ounce_n or_o a_o ounce_n of_o file_n of_o lead_n be_v cautious_a that_o it_o be_v not_o put_v in_o so_o fast_o as_o to_o make_v the_o liquor_n boyl_n over_o the_o event_n of_o which_o will_v be_v that_o the_o lead_n will_v be_v immediate_o precipitate_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n the_o mercury_n run_v together_o again_o into_o a_o fluid_a body_n immerse_v in_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o if_o the_o success_n of_o this_o experiment_n be_v frustrate_v the_o mercury_n may_v by_o degree_n be_v again_o recover_v if_o the_o white_a precipitate_v be_v diligent_o ground_n for_o some_o time_n with_o water_n body_n motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o some_o consistent_a body_n but_o to_o put_v a_o conclusion_n to_o this_o chapter_n it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o not_o only_o fluid_a but_o some_o consistent_a body_n have_v their_o part_n in_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o motion_n whence_o as_o we_o may_v conjecture_v proceed_v that_o dust_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o putrefaction_n in_o some_o sort_n of_o wood_n and_o it_o be_v not_o absurd_a to_o imagine_v that_o from_o hence_o worm_n in_o fruit_n as_o well_o as_o maggot_n in_o cheese_n derive_v their_o original_a and_o that_o there_o be_v motion_n among_o the_o part_n of_o some_o consistent_a body_n be_v further_a make_v probable_a both_o by_o that_o turpentine_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v to_o sweat_v out_o of_o deal_v board_n and_o the_o growth_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o bone_n and_o other_o consistent_a part_n of_o body_n but_o more_o particular_o in_o those_o of_o cold_a animal_n substance_n as_o oyster-shell_n crabs-claw_n and_o such_o like_a consistent_a substance_n have_v say_v thus_o much_o concern_v fluidity_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o take_v notice_n how_o by_o the_o mixture_n of_o liquids_n their_o fluidity_n be_v sometime_o promote_v and_o also_o sometime_o destroy_v but_o since_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n sometime_o or_o other_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n to_o make_v such_o observation_n i_o shall_v to_o close_v this_o chapter_n add_v a_o experiment_n which_o may_v intimate_v that_o the_o event_n of_o mixture_n be_v not_o always_o certain_a the_o experiment_n be_v the_o follow_v we_o evaporate_v a_o solution_n of_o copper_n in_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n from_o whence_o we_o obtain_v a_o vitriol_n of_o a_o lovely_a colour_n we_o likewise_o dissolve_v one_o part_n of_o good_a tin_n in_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o though_o salt-petre_n as_o well_o as_o tin_n be_v both_o fusible_a yet_o this_o metalline_a mixture_n will_v neither_o melt_v on_o quick_a coal_n nor_o in_o a_o red_a hot_a crucible_n whereas_o the_o vitriol_n of_o copper_n will_v melt_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o one_o hand_n though_o the_o metalline_a ingredient_n be_v much_o more_o hard_a to_o be_v bring_v to_o fusion_n than_o lead_v or_o even_o silver_n itself_o and_o we_o have_v sometime_o obtain_v such_o a_o vitriol_n as_o may_v be_v preserve_v in_o a_o fluid_a form_n by_o the_o languid_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o winter_n either_o with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n or_o a_o certain_a aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o composition_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o well_o as_o the_o particular_a consistence_n of_o the_o ingredient_n chap._n xii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o superficial_a figure_n of_o fluids_n especial_o of_o liquor_n contiguous_a to_o other_o liquor_n consider_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n be_v make_v of_o fluid_a body_n especial_o if_o according_o to_o the_o cartesian_a hypothesis_n the_o sun_n and_o fix_v star_n consist_v of_o fluids_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v only_o hint_v at_o in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n for_o the_o follow_a experiment_n make_v about_o the_o superficial_a figure_n of_o fluid_a body_n may_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v to_o illustrate_v as_o well_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v as_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o pore_n of_o fluid_a body_n beside_o they_o may_v be_v of_o no_o small_a use_n in_o account_v for_o several_a phaenomena_n belong_v to_o the_o grand_a system_n of_o the_o world_n experiment_n i._o and_o ii_o liquor_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o nitrous_a liquor_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o fluids_n contain_v in_o a_o pipe_n be_v whole_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o contiguous_a air_n i_o pour_v dephlegm_v spirit_n of_o wine_n upon_o a_o strong_a alkalizate_n menstrum_fw-la which_o be_v make_v of_o fix_a nitre_n run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la in_o a_o moist_a cellar_n and_o contain_v in_o a_o cylinder_n of_o glass_n of_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n i_o find_v that_o the_o menstrum_fw-la change_v its_o concave_n for_o a_o horizontal_a superficies_n and_o the_o like_v succeed_v in_o a_o glass_n of_o a_o much_o great_a diameter_n and_o that_o superficial_a cavity_n be_v likewise_o almost_o destroy_v by_o pour_v on_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n experiment_n iii_o water_n of_o water_n if_o instead_o of_o the_o former_a liquor_n common_a water_n be_v put_v into_o the_o glass_n cylinder_n it_o retain_v its_o former_a surface_n though_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n swim_v upon_o it_o instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n experiment_n iu._n to_o try_v what_o surface_n will_v be_v make_v by_o a_o oil_n heavy_a than_o water_n turpentine_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n by_o be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o i_o put_v pure_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n and_o find_v that_o the_o concave_a superficies_n which_o it_o have_v whilst_o the_o air_n be_v contiguous_a become_v convex_a and_o protuberant_a upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n experiment_n v._n etc._n the_o superficies_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o tartar_n etc._n etc._n again_o have_v put_v salt_n of_o tartar_n deliquate_v into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n and_o pour_v oil_n of_o guajacum_fw-la upon_o it_o we_o find_v that_o the_o concave_a superficies_n be_v not_o alter_v as_o it_o be_v by_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o have_v gentle_o pour_v water_n upon_o these_o two_o the_o oil_n of_o guajacum_fw-la swim_v betwixt_o the_o water_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n have_v a_o convex_a superficies_n at_o each_o end_n that_o next_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n be_v most_o protuberant_a experiment_n vi._n cloves_n of_o oil_n of_o cloves_n have_v likewise_o put_v oil_n of_o clove_n into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n by_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v concave_a superficies_n present_o become_v convex_a and_o this_o oil_n be_v too_o heavy_a to_o swim_v upon_o water_n we_o pour_v some_o of_o it_o upon_o deliquated_a salt_n of_o tartar_n pour_v upon_o it_o likewise_o a_o little_a common_a water_n which_o be_v do_v we_o find_v the_o oil_n protuberant_a at_o both_o end_n but_o more_o at_o that_o which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n experiment_n vii_o again_o have_v put_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o quicksilver_n into_o a_o pipe_n of_o the_o same_o diameter_n quicksilver_n of_o quicksilver_n but_o much_o long_a than_o the_o former_a we_o find_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o which_o be_v otherwise_o considerable_o protuberant_a be_v in_o some_o measure_n depress_v when_o water_n instead_o of_o air_n be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o experiment_n viii_o same_o of_o the_o same_o upon_o trial_n whether_o a_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n of_o water_n will_v alter_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n i_o find_v that_o the_o great_a the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v the_o more_o it_o be_v depress_v though_o it_o do_v not_o always_o succeed_v but_o when_o the_o cylinder_n be_v of_o a_o considerable_a length_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n the_o mercury_n contiguous_a to_o the_o glass_n be_v depress_v to_o a_o level_n have_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o its_o superficies_n a_o protuberance_n semicircular_a and_o raise_v above_o the_o other_o level_a surface_n half_a its_o diameter_n which_o protuberance_n gradual_o subside_v as_o the_o mercury_n be_v draw_v off_o experiment_n ix_o boyliano_fw-it the_o surface_n of_o liquor_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it have_v convey_v two_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a cylinder_v one_o contain_v water_n and_o the_o other_o mercury_n into_o our_o pneumatical_a receiver_n
relation_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v often_o observe_v a_o dulness_n and_o clearness_n to_o succeed_v each_o other_o in_o a_o diamond_n which_o i_o now_o have_v set_v in_o a_o ring_n with_o the_o former_a which_o change_n can_v be_v attribute_v to_o no_o manifest_a cause_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v no_o less_o suprize_v a_o change_n in_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o electricity_n which_o can_v not_o be_v effect_v by_o any_o cause_n that_o i_o can_v think_v of_o and_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o one_o who_o have_v a_o certain_a hungarian_a diamond_n that_o it_o will_v acquire_v a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o sprightness_n by_o lie_v some_o time_n in_o water_n from_o all_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o considerable_a change_n may_v be_v effect_v in_o diamond_n by_o agent_n which_o to_o sense_n operate_v very_o gentle_o and_o if_o diamond_n be_v generate_v in_o the_o earth_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v other_o stone_n to_o be_v it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o think_v that_o the_o hardness_n of_o their_o substance_n proceed_v from_o the_o closeness_n of_o their_o part_n depend_v on_o the_o intestine_a motion_n of_o their_o insensible_a corpuscle_n by_o which_o they_o be_v bring_v to_o convene_v close_o than_o ordinary_a and_o this_o i_o be_o rather_o incline_v to_o believe_v because_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o eminent_a jeweller_n that_o the_o diamond_n of_o late_a year_n be_v much_o more_o soft_a than_o those_o he_o former_o use_v to_o deal_v in_o and_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o be_v further_a confirm_v by_o what_o egrezes_n a_o frenchman_n write_v of_o diamond_n p._n m._n 17_o 18._o bring_v from_o the_o mine_n call_v gazerpoli_n the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v this_o they_o be_v very_o clear_a and_o of_o a_o good_a water_n but_o they_o can_v be_v ground_n by_o mutual_a attrition_n except_o with_o stone_n of_o the_o same_o mine_n for_o if_o one_o shall_v employ_v for_o that_o purpose_n the_o stone_n of_o another_o mine_n those_o of_o gazerpoli_n will_v be_v break_v in_o piece_n they_o do_v also_o easy_o break_v upon_o the_o wheel_n and_o those_o that_o be_v not_o verse_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o stone_n may_v be_v easy_o deceive_v in_o they_o and_o the_o same_o author_n speak_v of_o another_o sort_n of_o diamond_n say_v that_o they_o sweat_v a_o sort_n of_o unctuous_a substance_n which_o be_v wipe_v off_o as_o often_o renew_v its_o appearance_n and_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v a_o account_n of_o a_o ruby_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o hard_a diamond_n one_o of_o which_o a_o lady_n near_o relate_v to_o i_o wear_v upon_o her_o finger_n which_o will_v often_o change_v its_o lustre_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o can_v not_o be_v assign_v though_o these_o kind_n of_o phaenomena_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o some_o internal_a motion_n in_o their_o part_n the_o part_n of_o diamond_n be_v capable_a of_o have_v their_o part_n put_v into_o motion_n without_o much_o difficulty_n but_o though_o it_o be_v hence_o evident_a that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o intestine_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o diamond_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v think_v strange_a to_o find_v the_o like_a in_o so_o firm_a and_o compact_a a_o body_n as_o glass_n but_o that_o the_o part_n of_o glass_n be_v not_o always_o at_o rest_n i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v by_o the_o follow_a observation_n first_o that_o several_a plate_n of_o venice-glass_n have_v crack_v and_o break_v in_o piece_n when_o no_o external_a agent_n can_v have_v any_o sensible_a operation_n on_o they_o which_o i_o conceive_v to_o proceed_v from_o a_o redundancy_n of_o saline_n part_n which_o strive_v to_o fly_v away_o break_v the_o glass_n by_o their_o violent_a motion_n which_o conjecture_n i_o be_o confirm_v in_o since_o it_o be_v common_o observe_v motion_n the_o part_n of_o glass_n in_o motion_n that_o there_o be_v a_o saline_n substance_n adhere_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o these_o glass_n in_o cold_a moist_a wether_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o glass_n into_o which_o too_o much_o salt_n be_v put_v to_o make_v it_o diaphanous_a several_a crack_n and_o flaw_n which_o it_o get_v in_o the_o cold_a wether_n so_o that_o it_o rather_o appear_v to_o be_v a_o white_a than_o a_o glass-cup_n at_o a_o distance_n and_o i_o as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o deal_v much_o among_o glass_n have_v observe_v several_a to_o fly_v in_o piece_n when_o there_o be_v no_o outward_a agent_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o such_o a_o effect_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o a_o ingenious_a man_n who_o be_v master_n of_o a_o glass-house_n that_o near_o a_o three_o part_n of_o a_o parcel_n of_o glass_n fly_v in_o piece_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n after_o they_o have_v be_v keep_v for_o about_o five_o year_n pack_v up_o to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v several_a other_o instance_n to_o prove_v and_o illustrate_v the_o doctrine_n above-delivered_a for_o these_o phaenomena_n may_v be_v and_o be_v very_o natural_o account_v for_o by_o the_o corpuscular_a philosophy_n for_o 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space_n of_o time_n the_o texture_n of_o glass_n may_v be_v so_o alter_v as_o to_o be_v more_o unapt_a to_o give_v a_o free_a passage_n to_o aether_n itself_o or_o any_o other_o subtle_a body_n which_o can_v penetrate_v it_o before_o and_o consequent_o those_o body_n endeavour_v to_o make_v their_o way_n though_o oppose_v by_o its_o texture_n cause_n a_o proportionable_a crack_n or_o dissolution_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o glass_n glass_n observation_n concern_v the_o intestine_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o glass_n and_o to_o what_o we_o have_v deliver_v concern_v glass_n these_o observation_n be_v not_o altogether_o disagreeable_a viz._n first_o that_o it_o be_v a_o substance_n which_o by_o be_v rub_v easy_o become_v electrical_a which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o part_n of_o it_o may_v without_o any_o great_a difficulty_n be_v put_v into_o motion_n second_o the_o part_n of_o glass_n may_v fly_v asunder_o if_o the_o neighbour_a part_n be_v put_v into_o motion_n disagreeable_a to_o each_o other_o which_o be_v evident_a if_o a_o hot_a glass_n be_v immediate_o put_v into_o cold_a water_n for_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o corpuscle_n be_v external_o check_v those_o which_o within_o remain_v in_o a_o violent_a agitation_n cause_n a_o sudden_a disruption_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o though_o one_o will_v think_v the_o particle_n of_o glass_n be_v so_o fix_v as_o to_o become_v unfit_a to_o alter_v their_o figure_n and_o shape_n yet_o their_o part_n continue_v in_o some_o degree_n of_o agitation_n they_o may_v by_o invisible_a and_o insensible_a agent_n be_v so_o work_v upon_o as_o to_o be_v force_v to_o alter_v their_o shape_n and_o size_n in_o confirmation_n of_o which_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o white_a and_o pure_a transparent_a glass_n will_v in_o a_o little_a time_n become_v very_o unfit_a to_o be_v put_v again_o into_o the_o mould_v they_o be_v first_o cast_v in_o but_o though_o i_o have_v mention_v both_o these_o method_n by_o which_o the_o crack_v of_o glass_n may_v be_v account_v for_o to_o show_v that_o which_o soever_o of_o they_o we_o allow_v they_o will_v be_v proof_n of_o a_o intestine_a motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o glass_n yet_o i_o will_v neither_o examine_v or_o determine_v which_o of_o they_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o but_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o their_o part_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o slow_a since_o it_o be_v so_o long_o before_o it_o show_v its_o effect_n and_o now_o to_o conclude_v though_o from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v it_o may_v be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v draw_v consequence_n to_o determine_v whether_o there_o be_v absolute_a rest_n in_o body_n or_o no_o i_o shall_v omit_v that_o and_o only_o intimate_v that_o it_o be_v not_o absurd_a to_o doubt_v nor_o improbable_a to_o
observe_v upon_o coal-mine_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o a_o acquaintance_n of_o i_o show_v i_o a_o piece_n of_o land_n which_o be_v so_o powerful_o penetrate_v with_o warm_a effluvia_fw-la that_o snow_n will_v not_o lie_v upon_o it_o above_o two_o day_n be_v the_o wether_n never_o so_o cold_a which_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o frequent_a observation_n except_o where_o layer_n of_o rock_n or_o some_o other_o stony_a concretes_n obstruct_v the_o passage_n of_o those_o mineral_n steam_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o the_o steam_n near_o gold-mine_n be_v so_o copious_a in_o hungary_n as_o to_o give_v the_o leau_n of_o the_o tree_n a_o golden-colour_n but_o notwithstane_v these_o instance_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o doubt_v that_o there_o be_v several_a part_n of_o the_o three_o region_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o remoteness_n from_o such_o subterraneal_a fire_n have_v not_o that_o heat_n but_o since_o these_o thing_n be_v but_o uncertain_o guess_v at_o none_o have_v so_o great_a curiosity_n as_o to_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n to_o dig_v deep_a enough_o without_o prospect_n of_o gain_n i_o shall_v rather_o proceed_v to_o consider_v that_o proceed_v whence_o the_o unusual_a heat_n in_o some_o mine_n proceed_v beside_o the_o forementioned_a cause_n there_o be_v in_o some_o mine_n such_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o can_v be_v account_v for_o without_o another_o cause_n the_o incalescence_n be_v so_o great_a as_o not_o to_o be_v produce_v without_o the_o concourse_n of_o some_o other_o mineral-steams_n or_o water_n to_o work_v upon_o and_o promote_v the_o mutual_a action_n and_o operation_n of_o the_o volatile_a and_o active_a part_n of_o those_o mine_n and_o that_o such_o incalescenses_n may_v be_v produce_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v and_o further_o that_o immature_n mineral_n such_o as_o marchasite_n who_o part_n be_v impregnate_v with_o vitriol_n and_o sulphureous_a part_n may_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o aptness_n to_o be_v dissolve_v be_v able_a to_o cause_v such_o effect_n we_o may_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v because_o vitriol_n have_v not_o only_o be_v find_v in_o several_a mine_n in_o hungary_n but_o likewise_o such_o strong_a and_o corrosive_a effluvium_n as_o be_v very_o offensive_a to_o respiration_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n fatal_a to_o those_o that_o venture_v to_o work_v in_o they_o and_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n further_o remarkable_a that_o several_a piece_n of_o vitriol_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o of_o those_o mine_n of_o a_o soft_a consistence_n present_o when_o bring_v up_o and_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n grow_v hard_o retain_v several_a golden_a streak_n in_o it_o but_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n here_o to_o be_v note_v which_o be_v that_o in_o grove_n which_o be_v very_o deep_a the_o air_n be_v so_o unfit_a for_o respiration_n as_o to_o want_v a_o frequent_a ventilation_n so_o that_o the_o miner_n be_v wont_a to_o sink_v a_o air-shaft_n as_o they_o term_v it_o some_o pace_n off_o the_o grove_n that_o the_o air_n pass_v from_o the_o grove_n to_o that_o by_o a_o short_a of_o channel_n or_o ventiduct_n which_o agricola_n lib._n v._n and_o vi_fw-la de_fw-mi re_fw-mi metallica_fw-la call_v cuniculus_fw-la may_v keep_v the_o internal_a air_n in_o such_o a_o temper_n as_o to_o make_v it_o fit_a to_o breathe_v in_o though_o the_o mine_n be_v 200_o yard_n deep_a and_o agricola_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi metallica_fw-la give_v further_a the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o air_n in_o these_o cuniculi_fw-la or_o air-shaft_n in_o these_o word_n aer_fw-la autem_fw-la exterior_a se_fw-la suâ_fw-la sponte_fw-la fundit_fw-la in_o cava_fw-la terrae_fw-la atque_fw-la cum_fw-la per_fw-la ea_fw-la penetrare_fw-la potest_fw-la rursus_fw-la evolat_fw-la foras_fw-la sed_fw-la diversa_fw-la ratione_fw-la hoc_fw-la fieri_fw-la solet_fw-la etenim_fw-la vernis_fw-la &_o aestivis_fw-la diebus_fw-la in_o altiorem_fw-la puteum_fw-la influit_fw-la &_o per_fw-la cuniculum_n vel_fw-la fossam_fw-la latentem_fw-la permeat_fw-la ac_fw-la ex_fw-la humiliori_fw-la effluit_fw-la similiter_fw-la iisdem_fw-la diebus_fw-la in_o altiorem_fw-la cuniculum_n infunditur_fw-la ac_fw-la interjecto_fw-la puteo_fw-la defluit_fw-la in_o humiliorem_fw-la cuniculum_n atque_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la emanat_fw-la autumnali_fw-la &_o hyberno_fw-la tempore_fw-la contra_fw-la in_o cuniculum_n vel_fw-la puteum_fw-la humiliorem_fw-la intrat_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la altiori_fw-la exit_fw-la verum_fw-la ea_fw-la fluxionum_fw-la aeris_fw-la mutatio_fw-la in_o temperatis_fw-la regionibus_fw-la fit_a in_fw-la initio_fw-la veris_fw-la ac_fw-la in_o sine_fw-la autumni_fw-la in_fw-la frigidis_fw-la autem_fw-la in_o fine_a veris_fw-la &_o in_o initio_fw-la autumni_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v sed_fw-la aer_fw-la utroque_fw-la tempore_fw-la antequam_fw-la cursum_fw-la suum_fw-la illum_fw-la consuetum_fw-la constant_a teneat_fw-la plerumque_fw-la quatuordecem_fw-la dierum_fw-la spatio_fw-la crebras_fw-la habet_fw-la mutationes_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o altiorem_fw-la puteum_fw-la vel_fw-la cuniculum_n influens_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o humiliorem_fw-la and_o these_o thing_n may_v give_v we_o some_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n several_a periodical_a change_n in_o the_o temperature_n of_o those_o region_n which_o deserve_v our_o consideration_n but_o have_v several_a time_n inquire_v about_o these_o thing_n i_o be_o inform_v that_o the_o air_n general_o go_v in_o the_o same_o way_n both_o winter_n and_o summer_n enter_v the_o air-shaft_n and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o perpendicular_a grove_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o may_v appear_v that_o though_o in_o some_o mine_n the_o earth_n seem_v to_o be_v distinguish_v into_o three_o rgion_n yet_o general_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v various_a and_o uncertain_a and_o much_o more_o uncertain_a be_v it_o what_o be_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o central_n part_v of_o it_o and_o whether_o that_o be_v divide_v into_o distinct_a region_n or_o what_o be_v the_o state_n and_o texture_n as_o well_o as_o consistency_n of_o its_o part_n we_o must_v be_v content_a to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o since_o one_o of_o the_o deep_a mine_n we_o have_v hear_v of_o be_v mention_v by_o agricola_n in_o his_o book_n call_v bormannus_n cap._n 12._o be_v at_o cotteberg_n which_o exceed_v not_o 500_o fathom_n and_o if_o according_a to_o gassendus_fw-la the_o semi-diameter_n of_o our_o globe_n be_v 4177_o italian_a mile_n what_o a_o superficial_a knowledge_n must_v we_o have_v of_o it_o who_o have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v our_o observation_n above_o 500_o fathom_n and_o that_o too_o in_o but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o its_o orb._n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o submarine_n region_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold._n the_o follow_a chapter_n relate_v to_o the_o temper_n of_o submarine_n region_n i_o will_v be_v suppose_v to_o mean_v by_o that_o term_n not_o such_o as_o be_v beneath_o the_o whole_a ocean_n but_o only_o such_o as_o be_v beneath_o its_o superficies_n concern_v which_o i_o shall_v not_o relate_v what_o follow_v as_o upon_o my_o own_o observation_n but_o only_o as_o receive_v by_o information_n from_o other_o who_o have_v dive_v into_o they_o two_o submarine_n region_n two_o and_o first_o i_o shall_v only_o assign_v to_o this_o element_n two_o region_n the_o one_o bound_v by_o the_o utmost_a penetration_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o calorifick_a cause_n the_o other_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o utmost_a depth_n of_o the_o water_n uppermost_a the_o temperature_n of_o the_o uppermost_a according_a to_o which_o division_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o upper_a region_n must_v vary_v in_o its_o extent_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n suppose_v the_o warmth_n of_o it_o not_o to_o proceed_v from_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la and_o not_o only_o in_o the_o extent_n but_o the_o temperature_n of_o that_o region_n which_o may_v not_o only_o be_v vary_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o also_o by_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n about_o the_o shore_n be_v either_o nitrous_a or_o marchasitical_a as_o also_o by_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o water_n which_o may_v contribute_v to_o the_o warmness_n of_o it_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v refract_v by_o the_o subjacent_a sand_n to_o which_o cause_n may_v be_v add_v the_o influence_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n a_o observation_n favour_v which_o have_v be_v make_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr pont_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o new_a france_n in_o the_o way_n to_o which_o he_o observe_v that_o in_o one_o place_v the_o water_n be_v very_o warm_a as_o well_o as_o the_o wine_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o boat_n though_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o the_o air_n and_o that_o this_o continue_v for_o three_o day_n whereas_o on_o the_o 21_o r_v of_o the_o same_o month_n it_o be_v for_o 2_o or_o 3_o day_n observe_v to_o be_v as_o cold_a region_n
the_o temperature_n of_o the_o low_a region_n these_o thing_n in_o short_a be_v premise_v concern_v the_o upper_a region_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o low_a which_o be_v cold_a the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v in_o a_o less_o violent_a agitation_n than_o our_o sensory_a and_o that_o the_o low_a region_n be_v sensible_o cold_a be_v not_o only_a consonant_n to_o reason_n but_o also_o confirm_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o those_o who_o have_v dive_v a_o considerable_a depth_n not_o only_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n in_o africa_n and_o america_n but_o it_o be_v also_o further_o evince_v by_o what_o be_v common_o practise_v at_o sea_n viz._n to_o let_v down_o bottle_n of_o wine_n into_o the_o sea_n all_o night_n which_o by_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o water_n will_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o i_o be_o also_o inform_v by_o a_o observe_v traveller_n that_o have_v let_v down_o about_o 400_o fathom_n of_o line_n with_o about_o 30_o pound_n of_o lead_n at_o it_o thirty_o five_o degree_n north_n latitude_n beyond_o the_o line_n the_o lead_n when_o draw_v up_o be_v as_o cold_a as_o ice_n from_o which_o instance_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n and_o water_n so_o far_o agree_v that_o the_o part_n of_o they_o be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o external_n cause_n they_o acquire_v each_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o warmth_n but_o be_v remove_v and_o separate_v from_o those_o cause_n put_v on_o a_o contrary_a quality_n so_o that_o the_o air_n and_o water_n seem_v chief_o in_o this_o respect_n to_o differ_v viz._n in_o their_o invert_v order_n but_o further_o from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o though_o the_o submarine_n region_n be_v sensible_o cold_a the_o near_a the_o bottom_n yet_o their_o cold_a region_n do_v not_o by_o any_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la for_o though_o i_o have_v several_a time_n freeze_a salt-water_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o least_o ice_n generate_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n since_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o great_a ocean_n 35_o degree_n south_n latitude_n grey_a sand_n have_v be_v bring_v up_o where_o the_o water_n be_v no_o less_o than_o two_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o fathom_v deep_a but_o yet_o there_o be_v one_o caution_n to_o be_v add_v which_o make_v this_o observation_n the_o less_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o which_o be_v that_o one_o reason_n why_o no_o ice_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v the_o unaptitude_n of_o salt-water_n more_o than_o of_o fresh_a to_o be_v congeal_v it_o require_v a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a to_o freeze_v salt-water_n than_o fresh_a chap._n v._o relation_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n unequal_a the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n very_o rough_a and_o unequal_a that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v usual_o salt_n and_o cold_a be_v a_o very_a common_a observation_n but_o be_v 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be_v observe_v among_o which_o the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v remarkable_a and_o though_o it_o be_v dispute_v among_o philosopher_n whether_o there_o be_v such_o gravitation_n or_o not_o yet_o that_o there_o be_v appear_v from_o several_a experiment_n and_o first_o if_o a_o glass-cylind_a with_o one_o end_n open_a be_v immerge_v in_o a_o glass-vessel_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o cylinder_n be_v press_v low_a the_o air_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v squeeze_v high_a and_o high_o the_o water_n rise_v gradual_o below_o it_o in_o the_o cylinder_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o several_a person_n who_o have_v dive_v in_o a_o diving-bell_n not_o only_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n but_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o as_o the_o bell_n go_v deep_a and_o deep_o the_o air_n become_v more_o compress_v and_o the_o water_n according_o rise_v high_o and_o high_o in_o the_o bell._n and_o sometime_o the_o pressure_n 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i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o a_o person_n who_o make_v his_o observation_n beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o the_o southern_a sea_n that_o have_v let_v down_o his_o plummet_n about_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n he_o find_v that_o the_o plummet_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o stand_a water_n make_v the_o boat_n turn_v to_o the_o tide_n as_o if_o it_o lay_v at_o anchor_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o stagnation_n of_o water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v likewise_o confirm_v to_o i_o by_o observation_n make_v near_o the_o coral_n fishery_n in_o the_o east-indies_n chap._n vi_o further_a relation_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o only_o necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o animal_n but_o also_o promote_v vegetation_n and_o the_o growth_n of_o plant_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v but_o since_o several_a tree_n and_o plant_n be_v observe_v to_o grow_v under_o water_n i_o shall_v further_o observe_v what_o 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quality_n and_o stupendous_a multitude_n of_o adventitious_a corpuscle_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o it_o stink_a agitation_n requisite_a to_o preserve_v sea_n water_n from_o stink_a but_o to_o proceed_v among_o the_o various_a observation_n to_o be_v make_v about_o sea-water_n it_o be_v worth_a our_o notice_n that_o if_o it_o be_v keep_v from_o agitation_n it_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n stink_n which_o i_o have_v not_o only_o observe_v by_o keep_v some_o of_o it_o in_o a_o runlet_n for_o some_o time_n but_o also_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o in_o a_o voyage_n be_v for_o some_o day_n becalm_v that_o the_o sea_n for_o want_v of_o agitation_n stink_v so_o much_o in_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o day_n that_o the_o smell_n be_v almost_o intolerable_a which_o continue_v till_o the_o wind_n put_v the_o water_n into_o agitation_n which_o agree_v with_o what_o sir_n john_n hawkins_n have_v observe_v who_o relate_v the_o follow_a story_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o move_a of_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o force_n of_o wind_n tide_n and_o current_n it_o will_v corrupt_v all_o the_o world_n the_o experience_n of_o which_o i_o see_v anno_fw-la 1590._o lie_v with_o a_o fleet_n about_o the_o island_n of_o azore_n almost_o six_o month_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o time_n we_o be_v becalm_v with_o which_o all_o the_o sea_n become_v so_o replenish_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o jelly_n and_o form_n of_o serpent_n adder_n and_o snake_n as_o seem_v wonderful_a some_o green_a some_o black_a some_o yellow_a some_o white_a some_o of_o divers_a colour_n and_o many_o of_o they_o have_v life_n and_o some_o there_o be_v a_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a and_o some_o two_o yard_n long_o which_o have_v i_o not_o see_v i_o can_v hardly_o have_v believe_v and_o hereof_o be_v witness_n all_o the_o company_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v then_o present_a so_o that_o hardly_o a_o man_n can_v draw_v a_o bucket_n of_o water_n clear_a of_o some_o corruption_n in_o which_o voyage_n towards_o the_o end_n thereof_o many_o of_o every_o ship_n fall_v sick_a of_o this_o disease_n and_o die_v apace_o but_o that_o the_o speedy_a passage_n into_o our_o own_o country_n be_v a_o remedy_n to_o the_o craze_v and_o a_o preservative_n for_o those_o that_o be_v not_o touch_v differ_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n differ_v as_o for_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v deliver_v what_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v of_o as_o brief_o as_o i_o can_v and_o first_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o one_o to_o who_o i_o give_v a_o glass_n convenient_o shape_v to_o try_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o it_o grow_v heavy_a and_o heavy_a as_o he_o come_v near_o the_o line_n till_o within_o about_o thirty_o degree_n latitude_n from_o whence_o to_o jamaica_n he_o observe_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o specific_a gravity_n in_o the_o least_o and_o in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o i_o be_o likewise_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o for_o his_o own_o 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observe_v in_o sea-water_n betwixt_o england_n and_o france_n sea-water_n the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n in_o sea-water_n the_o first_o experiment_n i_o make_v to_o discover_v the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n be_v this_o that_o have_v in_o a_o viol_n weigh_v a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-water_n take_v up_o at_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o common_a water_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o former_a exceed_v the_o latter_a of_o forty_o five_o part_n but_o these_o liquor_n be_v more_o hydrostatical_o try_v by_o weigh_v sulphur_n in_o they_o that_o which_o in_o the_o sea-water_n weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 10_o ½_n gr_n in_o sea-water_n fetch_v from_o the_o bottom_n balance_v the_o same_o weight_n but_o be_v weigh_v in_o common_a water_n it_o weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 15_o ½_n gr_n so_o that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v a_o fifty_o three_o part_n heavy_a than_o the_o fresh_a the_o difference_n in_o which_o way_n of_o try_v it_o from_o what_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o former_a trial_n i_o can_v attribute_v to_o nothing_o but_o some_o grosser_n saline_n part_v mix_v with_o the_o common_a water_n or_o some_o evaporate_v part_n of_o the_o sea-water_n another_o way_n we_o make_v use_v of_o to_o try_v the_o different_a specific_a gravity_n of_o these_o liquor_n be_v by_o distillation_n ad_fw-la siccitatem_fw-la in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n in_o which_o a_o pound_n averdupoise_n weight_n yield_v ℥_o ss_z 10_o gr_n of_o salt_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o salt_n to_o the_o water_n be_v as_o 30_o and_o 12_o 100_o to_o one_o be_v near_o the_o thirty_o part._n but_o suspect_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o this_o salt_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o imbibe_v moisture_n from_o the_o air_n i_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v dry_v in_o a_o crucible_n and_o find_v it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la +_o ss_z which_o be_v about_o a_o thirty_o six_o part._n how_o so_o much_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n shall_v be_v obtain_v by_o distillation_n be_v difficult_a to_o conjecture_v yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o it_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n detain_v from_o fly_v away_o by_o be_v enclose_v among_o the_o cubical_a salt_n and_o this_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v first_o because_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o prepare_v a_o salt_n which_o will_v coagulate_v and_o embody_n itself_o with_o water_n and_o second_o because_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o sort_n of_o salt_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v here_o purify_v and_o dissolve_v will_v yield_v a_o double_a quantity_n other_o the_o sea-water_n salt_a sometime_o than_o at_o other_o whether_o the_o sea-water_n may_v at_o some_o time_n be_v more_o impregnate_v with_o saline_n part_n than_o at_o other_o i_o conceive_v probable_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o supply_n that_o it_o receive_v both_o from_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v carry_v to_o it_o along_o with_o spring_n and_o also_o the_o sudden_a addition_n it_o may_v receive_v from_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n but_o these_o observation_n be_v very_o nice_a it_o most_o common_o require_v other_o measure_n than_o what_o hydrostatic_o afford_v for_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o several_a volatile_a salt_n which_o be_v of_o no_o considerable_a weight_n above_o common_a water_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o it_o without_o be_v perceive_v so_o that_o one_o may_v easy_o be_v deceive_v in_o judge_v of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n altogether_o by_o hydrostaticks_n because_o that_o which_o violent_o affect_v the_o taste_n may_v have_v but_o a_o small_a influence_n in_o the_o balance_n to_o confirm_v which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o bubble_n of_o glass_n have_v metal_n in_o it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 51_o ¼_n gr_n in_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o but_o ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 45_o ¾_n in_o common_a water_n but_o further_a i_o weigh_v in_o the_o same_o liquor_n a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-salt_n bring_v from_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o find_v that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o that_o liquor_n as_o two_o and_o a_o quarter_n to_o one_o whereas_o the_o shall_v ammoniac_a be_v not_o above_o a_o hundred_o part_n above_o one_o and_o 7_o 10_o to_o one_o which_o be_v the_o more_o strange_a because_o part_n of_o the_o composition_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v sea-salt_n but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v satisfy_v what_o be_v the_o great_a degree_n of_o saltness_n that_o water_n will_v be_v impregnate_v with_o i_o shake_v a_o lump_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n till_o it_o will_v dissolve_v no_o more_o and_o find_v that_o a_o brine_n may_v be_v make_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o salt_n will_v be_v dissolve_v in_o five_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n to_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v add_v one_o
thing_n which_o have_v not_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o hydrostatician_n which_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o sea-salt_n to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n which_o i_o have_v find_v to_o be_v almost_o as_o two_o to_o one_o and_o i_o likewise_o find_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o sal_fw-la gemm_n which_o be_v more_o pure_a and_o weighty_a than_o sea-salt_n be_v to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n about_o as_o 2_o 2_o 8_o to_o 1._o chap._n viii_o memoirs_fw-fr for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n the_o use_n of_o mineral_n water_n be_v so_o universal_a and_o the_o method_n which_o some_o physician_n take_v to_o try_v they_o so_o slight_a that_o though_o i_o be_o satisfy_v it_o be_v difficult_a without_o experience_n to_o ascribe_v virtue_n to_o they_o à _fw-la priori_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a variety_n of_o mineral_n which_o may_v impregnate_n they_o with_o particle_n of_o various_a and_o very_a different_a nature_n i_o can_v but_o think_v but_o that_o if_o we_o be_v furnish_v with_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o quaeres_fw-la and_o several_a method_n in_o order_n to_o a_o discovery_n of_o they_o more_o nice_a trial_n may_v much_o contribute_v to_o the_o clear_n up_o of_o a_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n since_o by_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v hope_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o metalline_a salt_n with_o which_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v may_v be_v discover_v wherefore_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o such_o sort_n of_o experiment_n that_o may_v be_v most_o easy_o try_v viz._n chief_o chemical_a one_o which_o may_v be_v make_v at_o home_n without_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o attend_v those_o mineral_n fountain_n from_o whence_o they_o spring_v and_o because_o my_o design_n be_v rather_o to_o improve_v physic_n by_o the_o follow_a observation_n than_o to_o entertain_v speculative_a naturalist_n i_o have_v chief_o make_v it_o my_o business_n in_o the_o follow_a paper_n to_o consider_v those_o water_n call_v acidulae_n rather_o than_o the_o other_o term_v thermae_n because_o the_o former_a be_v of_o more_o general_a use_n water_n the_o danger_n of_o a_o ill_a use_n of_o mineral_n water_n but_o perhaps_o some_o may_v think_v that_o the_o quares_n hereafter_o propound_v may_v be_v too_o troublesome_a and_o more_o than_o requisite_a since_o the_o use_v of_o mineneral_a water_n be_v think_v so_o innocent_a as_o to_o be_v of_o no_o ill_a consequence_n if_o unsuccesful_a to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o when_o skilful_o give_v they_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o good_a yet_o they_o be_v as_o prejudicial_a if_o unskilful_o prescribe_v and_o therefore_o since_o there_o can_v be_v too_o much_o caution_n we_o can_v be_v too_o inquisitive_a to_o inform_v ourselves_o of_o their_o virtue_n for_o there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a many_o hide_a quality_n in_o they_o and_o they_o may_v be_v impregnate_v with_o several_a metalline_a property_n which_o may_v not_o be_v discover_v to_o the_o eye_n or_o by_o common_a trial_n beside_o be_v such_o experiment_n industrious_o prosecute_v they_o may_v help_v to_o discover_v several_a other_o quality_n in_o mineral_n water_n which_o be_v as_o yet_o unknown_a for_o from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o earth_n which_o abound_v with_o mineral_n of_o a_o martial_a nature_n may_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o impregnate_n subterraneal_a water_n than_o we_o can_v otherwise_o imagine_v for_o upon_o pour_v of_o a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n filtrate_v through_o cap-paper_n upon_o file_n of_o steel_n gall_n the_o effect_n of_o file_n of_o steel_n in_o a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n the_o liquor_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n become_v opacous_a and_o almost_o as_o black_a as_o ink_n the_o like_a phaenomena_n to_o which_o be_v exhibit_v by_o steel_n in_o a_o infusion_n of_o brasil_n or_o log-wood_n make_v in_o common_a water_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o several_a water_n have_v be_v discover_v under_o ground_n of_o very_o different_a taste_n some_o of_o which_o have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v corrosive_a and_o other_o as_o harmless_a be_v endow_v with_o several_a medicinal_a and_o useful_a quality_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v more_o particular_o of_o one_o which_o be_v a_o mine_n of_o coral_n in_o devonshire_n about_o 360_o foot_n deep_a in_o which_o be_v find_v a_o water_n very_o thick_a and_o red_a yet_o cool_a and_o diuretic_n and_o not_o in_o the_o least_o nauseous_a to_o the_o taste_n chap._n ix_o title_n propose_v for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n consider_v whilst_o in_o their_o proper_a channel_n water_n query_n in_o order_n to_o a_o discovery_n of_o the_o virtue_n of_o mineral_n water_n in_o order_n to_o a_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_n in_o three_o different_a capacity_n first_o as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o their_o natural_a receptacle_n second_o when_o draw_v up_o for_o use_n and_o three_o with_o respect_n to_o their_o effect_n on_o human_a body_n to_o the_o first_o of_o which_o head_n the_o follow_a quaeres_fw-la may_v be_v refer_v 1._o within_o the_o precinct_n of_o what_o climate_n or_o parallel_n and_o in_o what_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o mineral_n water_n be_v to_o be_v find_v 2._o to_o what_o point_n these_o water_n lie_v open_v most_o in_o their_o receptacle_n 3._o whether_o the_o ground_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v be_v a_o plain_a or_o how_o much_o it_o differ_v from_o a_o plain_a 4._o if_o the_o ground_n be_v upon_o a_o ascent_n how_o far_o they_o be_v from_o the_o botttom_n of_o that_o ascent_n 5._o whether_o a_o recrementitious_a substance_n adhere_v to_o stone_n long_o contiguous_a to_o these_o water_n 6._o whether_o subterraneal_a fire_n be_v near_o such_o water_n and_o what_o phaenomena_n such_o exhibit_v 7._o whether_o brimstone_n or_o salarmoniack_a etc._n etc._n be_v find_v about_o the_o vent_v of_o such_o subterraneal_a fire_n 8._o whether_o instead_o of_o subterraneal_a fire_n there_o be_v other_o adjacent_a aestuary_n and_o whether_o such_o be_v constant_a or_o intermit_a and_o if_o so_o whether_o periodical_a or_o irregular_a 9_o whether_o mineral_n fume_n of_o particular_a colour_n or_o smell_v arise_v from_o such_o aestuary_n 10._o of_o what_o temper_n the_o neighbour_a as_o well_o as_o the_o soil_n they_o pass_v through_o be_v of_o 11._o whether_o and_o of_o what_o nature_n those_o mineral_n be_v of_o which_o they_o pass_v through_o 12._o whether_o the_o mineral_n water_n be_v original_o fresh_a and_o derive_v their_o virtue_n from_o the_o soil_n they_o afterward_o pass_v through_o 13._o whether_o if_o it_o acquire_v its_o virtue_n so_o there_o be_v upon_o the_o impregnation_n any_o effervescence_n or_o whether_o any_o such_o effect_v succeed_v its_o mixture_n with_o another_o liquor_n 14._o whether_o there_o be_v a_o spring_n of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n near_o it_o viz._n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o france_n 15._o whether_o a_o oily_a or_o bituminous_a inflammable_a substance_n float_v in_o it_o 16._o whether_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n or_o temperature_n of_o the_o wether_n alter_v they_o and_o what_o quality_n they_o lose_v or_o acquire_v by_o such_o for_o after_o rain_n i_o have_v observe_v such_o water_n incapable_a of_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n black_a but_o as_o to_o its_o medicinal_a virtue_n i_o have_v find_v that_o rain_n after_o long_a drought_n have_v rather_o increase_v than_o diminish_v their_o strength_n by_o dissolve_v and_o dilute_v those_o salt_n which_o be_v fix_v in_o the_o earth_n for_o want_v of_o a_o vehicle_n but_o if_o the_o water_n be_v weak_a and_o the_o rain_n much_o those_o salt_n be_v the_o more_o dilute_v render_v the_o water_n less_o effectual_a 17._o whether_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v chemical_o and_o mechanical_o discover_v as_o also_o of_o what_o colour_n and_o weight_n and_o with_o what_o menstruum_v their_o salt_n may_v be_v mix_v and_o likewise_o what_o substance_n they_o will_v yield_v when_o expose_v to_o different_a degree_n of_o fire_n and_o what_o other_o chemical_a trial_n those_o as_o well_o as_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n may_v undergo_v chap._n x._o contain_v title_n for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n when_o draw_v out_o of_o their_o receptacle_n qeaery_n a_o continuation_n of_o qeaery_n 1._o whether_o the_o mineral_n water_n propose_v be_v actual_o hot_a or_o cold_a from_o whence_o we_o may_v judge_v from_o what_o depth_n those_o water_n rose_n and_o whether_o they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o a_o salt-peter_n or_o salarmoniack_a in_o their_o ascent_n and_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a may_v be_v either_o try_v by_o immerge_v a_o thermoscope_n or_o by_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v coagulate_v oil_n of_o aniseed_n or_o melt_v butter_n 2._o of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n which_o be_v
compare_v with_o that_o of_o common_a water_n will_v show_v what_o quantity_n of_o mineral_n substance_n the_o water_n have_v dissolve_v in_o it_o and_o whether_o metalline_a or_o more_o volatile_a as_o it_o be_v heavy_a or_o light_a where_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o mineral_n water_n be_v sometime_o light_a than_o common_a water_n partly_o because_o they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o volatile_a part_n and_o partly_o because_o they_o be_v void_a of_o saline_n part_n which_o make_v common_a water_n something_o heavy_a but_o to_o discover_v the_o different_a weight_n of_o several_a mineral_n water_n i_o cause_v a_o glass-viol_n with_o a_o flat_a bottom_n and_o a_o long_a neck_n three_o inch_n long_o to_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v so_o light_a as_o to_o weigh_v but_o ʒvi_fw-la +_o 42_o grain_n though_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v ℥_o iij_o ss_z and_o 43_o grain_n of_o water_n which_o make_v it_o more_o proper_a for_o a_o nice_a balance_n by_o which_o i_o find_v the_o follow_a 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also_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pewter_n globe_n before_o mention_v proceed_v from_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o aerial_a particle_n contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n rather_o than_o from_o any_o elasticity_n in_o the_o water_n itself_o these_o thing_n be_v premise_v it_o will_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o importance_n and_o of_o no_o small_a consequence_n not_o whether_o air_n be_v a_o primogeneal_a bedy_n or_o not_o to_o determine_v whether_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o air_n be_v true_a to_o consider_v whether_o air_n be_v real_o a_o primogenial_a body_n and_o inconvertible_a into_o water_n and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la or_o not_o but_o it_o be_v as_o difficult_a as_o requisite_a we_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o offer_v what_o may_v be_v urge_v of_o either_o the_o affirmative_a or_o the_o negative_a and_o first_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o inaptitude_n of_o air_n to_o be_v turn_v into_o water_n or_o of_o water_n into_o air_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o beside_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o several_a philosopher_n it_o have_v likewise_o be_v find_v impossible_a by_o experience_n to_o effect_v such_o a_o change_n in_o either_o of_o they_o and_o the_o diligent_a schottus_n mecham_n hydraulicopneumat_n part_v 3_o class_n 1._o relate_v that_o in_o the_o musaeum_fw-la kircherianum_n water_n have_v be_v hermetical_o seal_v in_o a_o glass_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o keep_v there_o this_o forty_o year_n without_o undergo_a any_o change_n nor_o indeed_o do_v we_o perceive_v the_o least_o alteration_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o air_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o glass_n for_o chemical_a uses_n though_o it_o may_v acquire_v several_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o they_o and_o it_o may_v very_o plain_o be_v see_v that_o though_o water_n be_v divide_v into_o
part_n be_v check_v by_o cold._n but_o leave_v this_o plausible_a though_o not_o satisfactory_a experiment_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o another_o which_o be_v this_o have_v fill_v a_o glass_n bubble_n capable_a of_o contain_v about_o three_o ounce_n with_o near_a equal_a part_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o water_n half_o a_o dozen_o iron_n nail_n be_v cast_v into_o it_o we_o stop_v the_o cylindrical_a neck_n of_o the_o tube_n with_o diapalma_n so_o close_o as_o to_o exclude_v the_o air_n altogether_o which_o be_v do_v we_o immerse_v the_o neck_n of_o this_o bubble_n into_o a_o glass_n vessel_n full_a of_o the_o same_o liquor_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n perceive_v bubble_n to_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o heat_n produce_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o oil_n upon_o the_o nail_n and_o this_o air_n be_v so_o much_o increase_v in_o a_o little_a time_n as_o to_o depress_v the_o water_n quite_o out_o of_o the_o bubble_n into_o the_o cylindrical_a neck_n of_o it_o but_o lest_o that_o pressure_n shall_v be_v think_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o agitation_n of_o those_o insensible_a part_n of_o matter_n we_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o vessel_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n for_o four_o day_n to_o give_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n time_n to_o cease_v have_v the_o effect_n proceed_v from_o they_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o liquor_n all_o that_o time_n continue_v depress_v the_o space_n beforemention_v be_v fill_v with_o air._n and_o what_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v note_v upon_o a_o small_a degree_n of_o heat_n approach_v the_o bubble_n the_o include_v air_n be_v further_o dilate_v and_o the_o like_a phaenomena_n succeed_v upon_o a_o trial_n with_o nail_n corrode_v in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la from_o which_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o if_o water_n be_v not_o convertible_a into_o air_n yet_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o it_o may_v be_v generate_v anew_o and_o that_o air_n and_o water_n be_v mutual_o convertible_a into_o each_o other_o may_v further_o be_v urge_v as_o nothing_o but_o what_o the_o aristotelian_o teach_v and_o allow_v of_o but_o we_o shall_v rather_o urge_v that_o if_o what_o democritus_n lucippus_n and_o epicurus_n together_o with_o other_o naturalist_n teach_v be_v allow_v of_o viz._n that_o the_o quality_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o the_o different_a figure_n shape_v and_o texture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n they_o consist_v of_o it_o will_v be_v reasonable_a enough_o to_o think_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v alter_v they_o may_v acquire_v the_o several_a quality_n of_o air_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n may_v by_o a_o lucky_a concourse_n of_o cause_n become_v springy_a so_o silver_n by_o be_v beat_v with_o a_o hammer_n acquire_v springiness_n which_o it_o lose_v by_o be_v heat_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o become_v flexible_a experiment_n xxiii_o prosecute_v the_o subject_a of_o the_o former_a experiment_n prosecute_v in_o prosecution_n of_o what_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n we_o fill_v a_o glass_n call_v a_o philosophical_a egg_n with_o common_a water_n about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a it_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v about_o nine_o ounce_n and_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v at_o the_o top_n half_o a_o inch_n and_o at_o the_o bottom_n a_o inch_n this_o be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o pump_n ply_v when_o the_o air_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v several_a bubble_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n and_o break_v but_o all_o of_o they_o find_v a_o easy_a passage_n through_o the_o water_n do_v not_o elevate_v it_o as_o when_o they_o ascend_v in_o a_o narrow_a cylinder_n but_o upon_o a_o admission_n of_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n again_o the_o water_n be_v sensible_o depress_v to_o try_v whether_o distil_a water_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o expand_v than_o common_a water_n i_o put_v two_o ounce_n of_o it_o into_o a_o glass_n bubble_n which_o wrought_v to_o the_o middle_a of_o its_o neck_n but_o it_o neither_o swell_v nor_o yield_v bubble_n upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air._n but_o have_v put_v distil_v water_n into_o two_o distinct_a philosophical_a egg_n the_o neck_n of_o the_o former_a being_n straighten_a with_o a_o glass_n tube_n we_o place_v they_o in_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v a_o manifest_a difference_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n for_o in_o that_o which_o be_v straighten_a the_o air_n manifest_o elevate_a the_o water_n several_a bubble_n be_v gather_v about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n whereas_o in_o the_o other_o egg_n the_o water_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o elevate_v and_o though_o the_o bubble_n in_o the_o last-mentioned_a disappear_v upon_o the_o re-ingress_n of_o the_o air_n those_o above_o the_o tube_n continue_v visible_a only_o a_o little_a contract_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v before_o elevate_v be_v depress_v low_a than_o when_o first_o put_v into_o the_o egg._n and_o after_o a_o day_n time_n have_v again_o ply_v the_o pump_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o bubble_n be_v so_o much_o draw_v out_o before_o that_o we_o can_v scarce_o discern_v a_o bubble_n in_o either_o but_o that_o in_o which_o the_o cylindrical_a tube_n be_v place_v swell_v the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barley_n corn_n though_o the_o other_o do_v not_o yet_o in_o the_o former_a upon_o a_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n it_o subside_v again_o and_o whether_o that_o swelling_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o the_o spring_n of_o some_o latent_fw-la airy_a part_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v experiment_n xxiv_o liquor_n the_o former_a experiment_n prosecute_v with_o other_o liquor_n have_v put_v salad_n oil_n into_o a_o glass_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o turkey_n egg_n who_o stem_n be_v near_o â…“_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n the_o liquor_n reach_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o stem_n we_o place_v it_o in_o the_o receiver_n together_o with_o the_o like_a vessel_n fill_v to_o the_o same_o height_n with_o water_n and_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n the_o bubble_n be_v not_o only_o more_o copious_a than_o those_o of_o the_o water_n but_o rise_v much_o soon_o as_o well_o as_o long_o continue_v till_o the_o pumper_n be_v quite_o tire_v with_o pump_v and_o what_o be_v very_o remarkable_a in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o when_o the_o oil_n be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n before_o the_o receiver_n can_v be_v close_v and_o the_o pump_n put_v into_o action_n it_o subside_v near_o half_a a_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n have_v put_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n into_o a_o glass_n bubble_n we_o observe_v that_o it_o afford_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o bubble_n which_o expanded_a themselves_o in_o their_o ascent_n and_o will_v sometime_o raise_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n so_o much_o as_o to_o make_v it_o run_v over_o but_o beside_o the_o forego_n we_o try_v the_o like_a experiment_n with_o other_o liquor_n among_o which_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n afford_v very_o few_o bubble_n and_o those_o much_o late_a than_o other_o liquor_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n likewise_o yield_v very_o few_o red_a wine_n afford_v bubble_n pretty_a plentiful_o which_o change_v place_n by_o move_v in_o a_o oblique_a ascent_n and_o form_v a_o sort_n of_o froth_n near_o the_o top_n which_o present_o disappear_v milk_n afford_v plentiful_a bubble_n which_o elevate_v that_o liquor_n more_o than_o common_a water_n we_o likewise_o put_v egg_n into_o the_o receiver_n to_o see_v whether_o the_o substance_n contain_v in_o the_o shell_n will_v break_v they_o leave_v the_o film_n within_o it_o whole_a as_o that_o substance_n freeze_v have_v do_v but_o it_o succeed_v not_o we_o put_v spirit_n of_o urine_n into_o a_o glass_n egg_n fill_v another_o up_o to_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o neck_n with_o common_a water_n to_o which_o we_o add_v as_o much_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o raise_v it_o half_o a_o inch_n high_o and_o into_o a_o glass_n which_o differ_v from_o the_o former_a only_o in_o have_v a_o flat_a bottom_n we_o pour_v rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n till_o it_o rise_v to_o â…”_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o edge_n of_o these_o three_o be_v mark_v we_o put_v they_o into_o a_o receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o mixture_n of_o water_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n afford_v very_o few_o bubble_n the_o spirit_n of_o urinal_n swell_v near_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o mark_n afford_v store_n of_o bubble_n which_o form_v a_o froth_n upon_o which_o several_a large_a bubble_n lay_v which_o be_v place_v one_o above_o another_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n afford_v bubble_n till_o we_o be_v weary_a
expose_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o put_v a_o viol_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o well_o stop_v into_o our_o receiver_n and_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n find_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n but_o another_o which_o be_v not_o so_o close_o stop_v be_v put_v in_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bottle_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n make_v its_o way_n out_o several_a bubble_n present_o appear_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n from_o which_o trial_n it_o appear_v that_o whilst_o the_o air_n be_v include_v the_o water_n appear_v as_o if_o press_v upon_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o in_o order_n to_o a_o further_a prosecution_n of_o our_o design_n in_o this_o experiment_n we_o fill_v a_o glass-egg_n with_o water_n and_o suspend_v it_o by_o a_o string_n to_o the_o cover_n so_o that_o by_o turn_v the_o glass-stopper_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cover_n we_o so_o screw_v up_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o egg_n as_o to_o break_v it_o and_o thereby_o make_v way_n for_o the_o exclusion_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o which_o a_o number_n of_o bubble_n present_o rise_v in_o the_o water_n so_o as_o to_o represent_v a_o shower_n of_o rain_n invert_v but_o this_o experiment_n may_v be_v try_v with_o less_o trouble_n in_o one_o of_o our_o little_a receiver_n where_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v more_o expeditious_a in_o one_o of_o which_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o red_a wine_n instead_o of_o water_n it_o appear_v immediate_o frothy_a like_a bottle-ale_n though_o open_v less_o cautious_o experiment_n xxix_o vapour_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o fume_n and_o vapour_n to_o show_v whether_o the_o ascent_n of_o fume_n and_o vapour_n be_v rather_o promote_v by_o the_o ambient_fw-la pressure_n of_o the_o air_n than_o that_o their_o ascent_n depend_v on_o their_o own_o positive_a lightness_n i_o convey_v a_o certain_a liquor_n which_o i_o have_v former_o make_v for_o other_o purpose_n into_o our_o receiver_n it_o consist_v of_o metalline_a ingredient_n which_o upon_o unstop_v of_o the_o bottle_n will_v emit_v copious_a steam_n like_o the_o powder_n of_o alabaster_n but_o upon_o stop_v of_o it_o again_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o bottle_n as_o well_o as_o the_o liquor_n become_v transparent_a and_o this_o liquor_n be_v convey_v into_o our_o receiver_n with_o a_o weight_n affix_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o rise_v up_o when_o the_o cork_n be_v pull_v out_o we_o tie_v a_o string_n to_o the_o cork_n and_o the_o other_o end_n to_o the_o receiver_n and_o have_v close_v it_o up_o and_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n we_o screw_v the_o cork_n out_o of_o the_o bottle_n and_o observe_v that_o though_o some_o part_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bottle_n raise_v a_o few_o yet_o the_o fume_n do_v not_o rise_v as_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n but_o lift_v up_o themselves_o by_o their_o own_o agitation_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o no_o high_a but_o run_v down_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n in_o stream_n which_o continue_v till_o the_o ingress_n of_o air_n be_v permit_v to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o that_o phaenomenon_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o bottle_n be_v take_v out_o into_o the_o open_a air_n fume_n plentiful_o rise_v as_o before_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o steam_n in_o a_o medium_fw-la thin_a than_o themselves_o may_v tend_v downward_o experiment_n xxx_o smoak_n the_o nature_n of_o fluid_a body_n illustrate_v by_o smoak_n to_o show_v how_o much_o the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n emulate_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o fluid_a body_n we_o enclose_v a_o light_a match_n in_o our_o little_a receiver_n and_o when_o it_o be_v fill_v with_o smoke_n we_o take_v the_o match_n out_o leave_v the_o smoke_n behind_o close_v the_o receiver_n again_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o fly_v away_o upon_o which_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o smoke_n settle_v itself_o in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o receiver_n so_o far_o emulate_v a_o fluid_a as_o to_o change_v its_o horizontal_a superficies_n as_o the_o glass_n be_v various_o incline_v as_o also_o upon_o a_o more_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o vessel_n it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o vibrate_n and_o undulate_v motion_n as_o liquids_n usual_o be_v which_o it_o lose_v again_o by_o degree_n when_o the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v part_v of_o it_o will_v flow_v out_o like_o red_a wine_n out_o of_o a_o bottle_n when_o the_o neck_n be_v invert_v and_o immerse_v in_o water_n the_o air_n gradual_o ascend_v into_o the_o receiver_n in_o its_o room_n beside_o which_o phaenomena_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o a_o hot_a iron_n be_v hold_v near_o one_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o smoke_n be_v present_o raise_v in_o a_o stream_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n keep_v distinct_a superficies_n from_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o receiver_n yet_o nevertheless_o upon_o a_o recess_n of_o that_o heat_n it_o will_v again_o subside_o and_o these_o thing_n be_v consider_v as_o likewise_o that_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a difference_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o proportionable_a quantity_n as_o to_o extension_n of_o other_o liquor_n it_o may_v not_o be_v absurd_a to_o mention_v the_o atmosphere_n among_o other_o liquid_n especial_o since_o beside_o what_o we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n of_o we_o may_v rational_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v several_a inequality_n upon_o the_o border_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o smoke_n since_o the_o inequality_n of_o its_o upper_a superficies_n be_v not_o altogether_o indiscernible_a if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o setting-sun_n with_o a_o good_a telescope_n for_o by_o that_o mean_n we_o may_v perceive_v the_o surface_n of_o it_o rough_a with_o several_a inequality_n which_o curl_n along_o like_a wave_n in_o the_o sea_n experiment_n xxxi_o body_n concern_v the_o cohaesion_n of_o flat_a body_n to_o try_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n when_o rarify_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n by_o exsuction_n in_o our_o receiver_n we_o try_v a_o experiment_n former_o more_o full_o take_v notice_n of_o with_o two_o flat_a polish_a marble_n for_o have_v fasten_v a_o weight_n of_o about_o four_o ounce_n to_o the_o low_a and_o wet_v the_o flat_a superficies_n of_o they_o with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o keep_v the_o air_n from_o get_v betwixt_o they_o we_o put_v they_o into_o our_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n after_o several_a exsuction_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o bear_v up_o the_o under-stone_n and_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o fall_v and_o how_o strong_a the_o cohaesion_n of_o flat_a body_n may_v be_v we_o have_v a_o notable_a instance_n relate_v p._n nic._n zucchius_n apud_fw-la schot_n part._n 1._o mec._n hydraulopneum_fw-la who_o say_v juveni_fw-la lacertorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la robur_fw-la jactanti_fw-la proposita_fw-la semel_fw-la est_fw-la laminea_fw-la aerea_fw-la per_fw-la ansam_fw-la in_o medio_fw-la extantem_fw-la apprehensam_fw-la elevanda_fw-la è_fw-la tabula_fw-la marmorea_fw-la cvi_fw-la optimè_fw-la congruebat_fw-la tum_o instantibus_fw-la amiciss_fw-la manum_fw-la utramque_fw-la admovens_fw-la cum_fw-la luctatus_fw-la diu_fw-la harentem_fw-la removisset_fw-la excusavit_fw-la impotentiam_fw-la objecta_fw-la peregrini_fw-la &_o potentissimi_fw-la glutinis_fw-la interpositione_n quo_fw-la fortissimè_fw-la copulante_fw-la nequiret_fw-la divelli_fw-la donec_fw-la vidit_fw-la ab_fw-la alio_fw-la per_fw-la tabulam_fw-la facillimè_fw-la laminam_fw-la deduci_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la extrema_fw-la productam_fw-la &_o actam_fw-la in_o transversum_fw-la inde_fw-la deportari_fw-la but_o to_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o two_o body_n may_v stick_v together_o by_o have_v their_o surface_n contiguous_a only_o in_o a_o small_a compass_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v a_o experiment_n make_v in_o our_o receiver_n experiment_n xxxii_o stop-cock_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n on_o a_o valve_n fix_v to_o the_o external_n orifice_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n have_v exhaust_v our_o receiver_n and_o take_v it_o off_o the_o pump_n we_o apply_v a_o taper_a valve_n of_o brass_n such_o as_o the_o nine_o figure_n represent_v the_o taper_n end_v be_v put_v into_o the_o orifice_n of_o it_o and_o the_o chink_n betwixt_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o the_o glass_n be_v fill_v up_o with_o diachylon_n to_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o door_n of_o that_o valve_n be_v fix_v a_o button_n to_o which_o a_o scale_n be_v hang_v to_o hold_v weight_n in_o and_o then_o the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v the_o atmosphere_n make_v such_o a_o strong_a pressure_n to_o get_v in_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o valve_n close_o to_o the_o orifice_n till_o a_o considerable_a weight_n be_v put_v into_o the_o scale_n and_o then_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v overpower_v it_o be_v present_o draw_v down_o in_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v to_o
of_o the_o hill_n be_v ¼_n part_v of_o a_o inch_n below_o the_o mark_v it_o reach_v at_o the_o latter_a and_o as_o the_o barometer_n be_v bring_v low_a the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n rise_v high_a and_o high_o but_o if_o such_o observation_n can_v be_v make_v at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o mountain_n teneriff_n the_o experiment_n will_v afford_v further_a proof_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n concern_v the_o air_n be_v spring_n and_o weight_n a_o appendix_n about_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n mountain_n the_o height_n of_o mountain_n notwithstanding_o some_o ingenious_a man_n have_v teach_v that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v of_o stupendous_a and_o other_o confine_v it_o to_o narrow_a dimension_n yet_o i_o shall_v add_v some_o observation_n which_o may_v confirm_v what_o we_o have_v teach_v concern_v it_o and_o though_o as_o ricciolus_n take_v notice_n the_o jesuit_n rector_n melensius_n say_v that_o of_o all_o the_o cloud_n who_o height_n he_o measure_v they_o do_v not_o exceed_v 5000_o pace_n yet_o if_o we_o allow_v meteor_n and_o comet_n to_o arise_v from_o terrene_a exhalation_n and_o that_o the_o height_n of_o cloud_n vary_v according_a to_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v rarefaction_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o height_n of_o most_o of_o they_o exceed_v what_o carden_n and_o kepler_n allow_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o i_o have_v to_o relate_v concern_v the_o height_n of_o mountain_n i_o shall_v relate_v what_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o information_n and_o first_o the_o ingenious_a mr._n sydenham_n tell_v i_o that_o the_o mountain_n teneriff_n be_v so_o high_a that_o the_o top_n of_o it_o may_v be_v see_v 60_o league_n off_o and_o that_o he_o himself_o have_v discover_v it_o at_o 40_o league_n distance_n like_o a_o blue_a pyramid_n above_o the_o cloud_n and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o island_n of_o madera_n may_v be_v see_v from_o it_o though_o 70_o league_n distant_a and_o that_o the_o great_a canary_n seem_v so_o near_o it_o that_o one_o will_v think_v it_o possible_a to_o leap_v down_o upon_o it_o and_o indeed_o ricâ—iolus_n observe_v that_o it_o may_v be_v see_v 4_o degree_n distance_n and_o snellius_n also_o allow_v the_o height_n of_o it_o to_o be_v ten_o mile_n though_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o way_n he_o take_v to_o calculate_v the_o height_n of_o it_o may_v be_v none_o of_o the_o true_a he_o likewise_o by_o refraction_n judge_v the_o mountain_n caucasus_n to_o be_v 51_o bolonian_a mile_n high_a which_o be_v not_o believe_v probable_a since_o the_o mountain_n teneriff_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o one_o who_o take_v its_o height_n in_o a_o ship_n at_o sea_n not_o to_o be_v above_o 7_o mile_n high_a in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n yet_o it_o be_v esteem_v the_o high_a mountain_n in_o the_o world_n though_o if_o what_o aristotle_n and_o other_o report_n of_o mount_n caucasus_n be_v true_a there_o may_v be_v other_o much_o high_a than_o those_o for_o though_o if_o measure_v from_o the_o foot_n or_o level_v of_o that_o piece_n of_o ground_n which_o they_o stand_v on_o they_o may_v be_v low_a yet_o consider_v that_o the_o ground_n they_o stand_v on_o may_v be_v much_o more_o protuberant_a from_o the_o level_n superficies_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n they_o may_v be_v much_o high_a upon_o that_o account_n experiment_n xxvi_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v be_v able_a to_o keep_v up_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n though_o the_o air_n press_v upon_o it_o at_o a_o very_a small_a orifice_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o several_a learned_a man_n that_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o a_o equal_a height_n in_o a_o close_a room_n as_o in_o the_o open_a atmosphere_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o air_n have_v a_o communication_n with_o the_o external_n even_o at_o small_a cranny_n may_v have_v a_o equal_a force_n as_o if_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o the_o tube_n just_a before_o mention_v for_o a_o portable_a barometer_n be_v so_o draw_v out_o at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n that_o the_o orifice_n be_v but_o about_o a_o ten_o part_n as_o big_a as_o before_o the_o mercury_n will_v be_v suspend_v at_o the_o usual_a height_n and_o the_o like_a will_v succeed_v if_o instead_o of_o draw_v the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n out_o so_o a_o cork_n be_v put_v into_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n leave_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o orifice_n open_a to_o the_o outward_a air._n experiment_n xxvii_o a_o oblique_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v up_o the_o mercury_n at_o the_o usual_a height_n in_o the_o torrecellain_n experiment_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n may_v do_v the_o same_o if_o the_o the_o short_a leg_n of_o a_o syphon_n 3d._n see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n the_o 3d._n be_v bend_v as_o represent_v by_o fig._n 3d._a plate_n the_o viith_z the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o its_o usual_a height_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n have_v as_o strong_a effect_n if_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n through_o which_o it_o be_v convey_v only_o admit_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o it_o receive_v downward_o but_o if_o instead_o of_o be_v so_o bend_v four_o see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n the_o four_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v hermetical_o seal_v as_o represent_v fig._n iv_o plate_n the_o vii_o the_o mercury_n be_v sustain_v at_o its_o usual_a height_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n n._n b._n if_o the_o tube_n thus_o hermetical_o seal_v be_v shake_v the_o mercury_n will_v form_v some_o vibration_n upon_o the_o include_v air_n the_o spring_n of_o it_o be_v compress_v and_o expanded_a again_o successive_o for_o a_o while_n but_o the_o former_a of_o these_o trial_n may_v be_v make_v in_o a_o pipe_n convenient_o shape_v before_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v fill_v with_o mercury_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o stop_v the_o orifice_n with_o a_o cork_n and_o close_a cement_n which_o may_v be_v pierce_v with_o a_o wire_n when_o this_o be_v use_v as_o a_o baroscope_n which_o way_n may_v be_v take_v with_o a_o travel_a baroscope_n experiment_n xxviii_o time_n a_o baroscope_n of_o use_n but_o at_o some_o time_n to_o show_v that_o the_o suspension_n of_o mercury_n in_o a_o glass_n tube_n less_o than_o 30_o inch_n long_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la i_o cause_v one_o to_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o one_o end_v the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o fill_v it_o with_o mercury_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v leave_v upon_o it_o and_o when_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v much_o light_a i_o find_v that_o the_o mercury_n subside_v and_o that_o there_o appear_v a_o small_a bubble_n of_o air_n in_o the_o water_n which_o be_v no_o big_a than_o a_o pin_n head_n be_v so_o far_o compress_v before_o as_o not_o to_o appear_v experiment_n xxix_o the_o ascension_n of_o liquor_n in_o very_o slender_a pipe_n in_o a_o exhaust_v receiver_n have_v tinge_v spirit_n of_o wine_n with_o cocheneel_v which_o bubble_v in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n for_o some_o time_n several_a slender_a pipe_n be_v put_v into_o it_o it_o rise_v high_a in_o those_o who_o boar_n be_v narrow_a but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o the_o liquor_n in_o both_o subsided_a to_o a_o level_n but_o two_o pipe_n of_o different_a boar_n be_v let_v down_o into_o that_o liquor_n a_o second_o time_n though_o it_o answer_v the_o former_a trial_n in_o the_o ascent_n yet_o the_o surface_n in_o the_o slendere_a pipe_n remain_v something_o above_o the_o other_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o but_o what_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o though_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o vessel_n in_o this_o trial_n emit_v no_o bubble_n yet_o that_o in_o the_o end_v of_o the_o tube_n do_v which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o experiment_n xxx_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n be_v take_v off_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n of_o a_o syringe_n though_o the_o hole_n at_o which_o the_o water_n shall_v succeed_v be_v stop_v for_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n we_o make_v the_o follow_a trial_n the_o i._o trial_n we_o take_v a_o syringe_n of_o brass_n see_v plate_n 8_o fig._n one_a who_o barrel_n be_v about_o six_o inch_n long_o one_a see_v plate_n the_o 8_o fig._n one_a and_o its_o
bend_a p._n in_o press_v up_o the_o plug_n e._n e._n e._n the_o finger_n may_v more_o vigorous_o draw_v up_o the_o leaver_n l._n t._n t._n a_o rectangle_n of_o iron_n compass_v the_o leaver_n l._n l._n and_o the_o iron_n o._n p._n o._n to_o keep_v it_o in_o such_o a_o posture_n that_o the_o plug_n may_v not_o fly_v out_o whilst_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o the_o globe_n a._n a._n i._o i._n a_o elliptic_a hole_n which_o be_v shut_v with_o a_o valve_n that_o open_v inward_a the_o design_n of_o it_o be_v that_o what_o be_v amiss_o in_o the_o globe_n may_v be_v see_v and_o mend_v s._n s._n a_o plate_n of_o metal_n perforate_v with_o a_o screw_n v._o which_o sustain_v the_o valve_n and_o keep_v the_o hole_n v._o shut_v q._n a_o hole_n for_o the_o air_n which_o be_v to_o be_v press_v into_o the_o globe_n to_o enter_v in_o at_o when_o the_o sucker_n d._n be_v pull_v down_o to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n the_o method_n to_o press_v air_n into_o this_o globe_n be_v this_o i_o set_v my_o foot_n upon_o the_o crooked_a end_n of_o the_o sucker_n d._n and_o then_o pull_v up_o the_o globe_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n be_v full_a of_o air_n i_o depress_v the_o globe_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o air_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v force_v into_o it_o through_o the_o valve_n f._n and_o this_o method_n be_v take_v as_o long_o as_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n will_v permit_v we_o to_o compress_v it_o any_o further_a the_o air_n may_v be_v discharge_v if_o when_o the_o plug_n d._n be_v draw_v out_o and_o a_o bullet_n be_v put_v into_o the_o tube_n instead_o of_o it_o the_o plug_n e._n e._n e._n be_v raise_v so_o that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o iron_n wire_n may_v open_v the_o valve_n b._n for_o the_o air_n violent_o rush_v out_o will_v drive_v the_o bullet_n away_o with_o great_a violence_n the_o globe_n will_v be_v soon_o fill_v with_o air_n if_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o water_n be_v put_v into_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n before_o the_o sucker_n d._n for_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n the_o air_n will_v be_v force_v clear_o out_o of_o the_o tube_n into_o the_o globe_n and_o this_o wind-gun_n have_v these_o advantage_n above_o any_o other_o yet_o mention_v first_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o be_v spoil_v as_o those_o that_o have_v two_o valve_n second_o it_o be_v easy_o mend_v what_o be_v amiss_o be_v take_v out_o at_o the_o elliptic_a hole_n three_o it_o be_v much_o more_o staunch_a the_o cranny_n be_v stop_v with_o silver_n soder_n which_o damage_n not_o the_o leather_n on_o the_o valve_n because_o it_o be_v put_v in_o after_o the_o soder_n be_v cool_v at_o the_o elliptic_a hole_n four_o several_a body_n may_v be_v convey_v into_o it_o at_o the_o elliptic_a hole_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v enable_v to_o try_v several_a experiment_n plate_n v._o how_o factitious_a air_n may_v pass_v out_o of_o one_o receiver_n into_o another_o a.a._n a_o metalline_a plate_n perforate_v in_o the_o middle_a b._n b._n to_o which_o a_o stop-cock_n be_v fix_v the_o low_a orifice_n be_v make_v into_o a_o male_a screw_n d._n c._n which_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o female_a screw_n d._n of_o the_o copper_n funnel_n d._n c._n 2._o see_v fig._n 2._o e._n e._n a_o hollow_a tube_n both_o of_o who_o end_n be_v form_v into_o a_o female_a screw_n to_o receive_v the_o male_a screw_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n b.b._n 1._o see_v fig._n 1._o f._n f._n the_o receiver_n lay_v on_o the_o plate_n a._n a._n and_o exact_o fit_v to_o it_o the_o matter_n of_o which_o factitious_a air_n be_v to_o be_v make_v be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n f._n f._n and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o tunnel_n c._n be_v place_v on_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n b._n be_v open_v the_o air_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n which_o be_v do_v the_o stop-cock_n be_v to_o be_v shut_v again_o and_o the_o male_a screw_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o female_a screw_n in_o the_o brass_n tunnel_n the_o receiver_n be_v to_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n to_o keep_v external_n air_n out_o as_o for_o the_o degree_n of_o compression_n of_o the_o factitious_a air_n they_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o the_o mercurial_a gage_n before_o mention_v to_o transmit_v this_o air_n into_o another_o receiver_n f._n f._n we_o make_v use_v of_o the_o small_a tube_n e._n e._n fig._n the_o second_o into_o each_o end_n of_o which_o the_o stop-cock_n of_o two_o receiver_n be_v screw_v and_o the_o cranny_n stop_v with_o cement_n by_o turn_v the_o stop-cock_n the_o air_n may_v be_v let_v out_o of_o one_o into_o the_o other_o to_o discover_v the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o which_o receiver_n because_o they_o must_v be_v invert_v we_o contrive_v the_o follow_a gage_n 4._o see_v fig._n 4._o a._n a._n a_o viol_n fill_v with_o mercury_n up_o to_o the_o superficies_n d._n d._n b._n b._n a_o tube_n cement_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o c._n c._n another_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o tube_n b._n b._n leave_v room_n for_o a_o due_a intercourse_n betwixt_o the_o external_n and_o internal_a air_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o which_o must_v be_v seal_v and_o the_o other_o end_v open_a if_o this_o gage_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v invert_v both_o the_o tube_n will_v have_v the_o air_n contain_v in_o they_o exhaust_v and_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o receive_v factitious_a air_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v to_o give_v a_o intercourse_n betwixt_o they_o and_o then_o the_o gage_n be_v invert_v and_o the_o mercury_n which_o lie_v below_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n b._n b._n fall_v about_o the_o pipe_n c._n c._n by_o rise_v up_o into_o it_o will_v show_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o compression_n of_o that_o factitious_a air._n plate_n vi_o a_o instrument_n by_o which_o air_n may_v be_v filtrate_v through_o water_n 1._o see_v fig._n 1._o a._n a._n a_o glass_n receiver_n who_o orifice_n be_v adapt_v to_o the_o plate_n b._n b._n which_o be_v perforate_v in_o the_o middle_a by_o the_o tubes_fw-la c._n c._n d._n d._n which_o be_v cement_v to_o it_o e._n e._n e._n e._n a_o stop-cock_n into_o which_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n d._n d._n be_v insert_v f._n f._n the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n in_o which_o be_v make_v the_o chink_n g._n g._n without_o any_o perforation_n h._n h._n the_o receiver_n to_o which_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v fix_v prevent_v a_o ingress_n of_o outward_a air_n and_o have_v a_o due_a intercourse_n with_o the_o pump_n 1._o 1._o l._n l._n a_o glass_n vessel_n m._n the_o stopple_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n fasten_v with_o a_o screw_n 2._o see_v fig._n 2._o a_o stop-cock_n cut_v transverse_a so_o that_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n d._n d._n into_o the_o stop-cock_n may_v be_v perceive_v the_o use_n of_o this_o instrument_n be_v as_o follow_v to_o try_v how_o much_o air_n may_v acquire_v new_a quality_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o body_n include_v with_o it_o we_o convey_v that_o body_n into_o the_o vessel_n and_o then_o pour_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n at_o the_o orifice_n m._n until_o the_o receiver_n a._n a._n be_v half_o full_a and_o the_o vessel_n l._n l._n swim_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o the_o orifice_n m._n be_v stop_v up_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o key_n so_o place_v that_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n may_v communicate_v with_o the_o chink_n g._n g._n upon_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n a._n a._n will_v pass_v through_o the_o pipe_n c._n c._n and_o the_o chink_n g._n g._n into_o the_o receiver_n h._n h._n and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o pump_n upon_o which_o the_o chink_n in_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v so_o as_o to_o communicate_v with_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o tube_n d._n d._n and_o then_o the_o sucker_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o air_n will_v be_v impel_v into_o the_o tube_n d._n d._n and_o emerge_n through_o the_o water_n will_v rise_v into_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n a._n a._n and_o by_o this_o method_n we_o can_v strain_v it_o through_o water_n as_o often_o as_o we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v inform_v what_o new_a quality_n it_o acquire_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o body_n about_o it_o figure_fw-fr iii_o how_o the_o same_o numerical_a air_n may_v be_v sometime_o condense_v and_o sometime_o rarify_v the_o receiver_n a._n a._n be_v fix_v upon_o the_o plate_n b._n b._n and_o the_o stop-cock_n c._n c._n be_v fix_v to_o the_o perforation_n of_o the_o plate_n b._n b._n the_o
gradual_o as_o to_o be_v fill_v in_o 24_o hour_n the_o liquor_n still_o remain_v colourless_a feb._n 15._o the_o glass_n be_v again_o shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o paste_n the_o air_n afford_v by_o it_o do_v not_o as_o before_o penetrate_v the_o leather_n nor_o be_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o least_o tinged_a by_o it_o experiment_n xv._o april_n 2._o 78._o have_v put_v a_o shrew-mouse_n into_o the_o engine_n describe_v vacuo_fw-la a_o shrew-mouse_n in_o vacuo_fw-la for_o the_o filtration_n of_o air_n through_o water_n when_o the_o pump_n be_v stir_v and_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o penetrate_v the_o water_n it_o be_v a_o little_o better_a but_o can_v not_o recover_v apr._n 12._o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o a_o weak_o mouse_n that_o have_v be_v keep_v fast_v a_o long_a time_n the_o success_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o last_o experiment_n for_o the_o mouse_n be_v take_v out_o before_o it_o be_v dead_a can_v not_o recover_v in_o the_o free_a air._n experiment_n xvi_o may_v 2._o 78._o six_o week_n ago_o etc._n spawn_n of_o frog_n in_o vacuo_fw-la etc._n etc._n spawn_n of_o frog_n be_v include_v in_o common_a air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o in_o another_o receiver_n with_o compress_v air_n which_o sustain_v 60_o digit_n above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n the_o mercury_n in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o 15_o day_n be_v raise_v 1_o inch._n the_o spawn_n in_o common_a air_n be_v corrupt_a and_o blackish_a that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n remain_v unaltered_a a_o month_n after_o the_o spawn_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v turn_v into_o water_n except_o the_o black_a spot_n but_o have_v not_o alter_v its_o colour_n that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v very_o black_a that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n begin_v to_o be_v red_a which_o colour_n sensible_o increase_v may_v 22._o that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n have_v lose_v its_o colour_n june_n 23._o that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n have_v acquire_v a_o greenness_n octob._n 15._o that_o in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v exhale_v out_o of_o its_o vessel_n and_o remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v void_a of_o colour_n and_o that_o in_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v still_o red_a experiment_n xvii_o may_v 9_o 78._o a_fw-la orange_n have_v be_v divide_v vacuo_fw-la orange_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o include_v in_o two_o receiver_n in_o which_o be_v leave_v a_o equal_a vacuity_n the_o capacity_n of_o the_o large_a be_v so_o far_o fill_v with_o water_n as_o it_o be_v big_a than_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o other_o i_o observe_v that_o that_o which_o be_v shut_v up_o with_o water_n be_v four_o time_n more_o mouldy_a than_o the_o other_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o one_o receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n yet_o the_o orange_n be_v not_o touch_v by_o it_o june_n 15._o neither_o of_o the_o piece_n of_o the_o orange_n be_v mouldy_a and_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v again_o repeat_v neither_o piece_n be_v mouldy_a in_o a_o month_n time_n the_o difference_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o some_o disposition_n in_o the_o air._n experiment_n xviii_o june_n 1._o 78._o a_o small_a glass_n tube_n wind-gun_n venice_n turpentine_n in_o a_o wind-gun_n half_a full_a of_o venice_n turpentine_n be_v put_v into_o the_o wind-gun_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o the_o leather_n which_o cover_v the_o elliptic_a hole_n be_v drive_v out_o the_o tube_n be_v take_v out_o i_o perceive_v several_a bubble_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o turpentine_n which_o i_o suppose_v have_v be_v press_v into_o it_o when_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o gun_n have_v air_n compress_v in_o it_o therefore_o place_v the_o tube_n again_o in_o the_o gun_n i_o cause_v the_o air_n to_o be_v condense_v to_o 15_o time_n as_o little_a compass_n june_n 3_o the_o turpentine_n be_v take_v out_o be_v free_a from_o bubble_n but_o by_o degree_n a_o great_a many_o be_v form_v in_o it_o june_n 4._o have_v free_v turpentine_n from_o its_o air_n and_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o i_o shut_v up_o all_o in_o the_o wind-gun_n june_n 8._o at_o the_o first_o sight_n both_o the_o water_n and_o turpentine_n be_v free_a from_o bubble_n but_o soon_o after_o they_o appear_v and_o ascend_v in_o the_o turpentine_n almost_o from_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o the_o air_n that_o form_v these_o bubble_n penetrate_v the_o water_n and_o most_o of_o the_o turpentine_n experiment_n xix_o aug._n 11._o 78._o when_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v clear_v of_o its_o bubble_n vacuo_fw-la file_n of_o copper_n and_o sp._n sal_fw-la armon_n in_o vacuo_fw-la i_o mix_v file_n of_o copper_n with_o it_o in_o vacuo_fw-la upon_o which_o it_o yield_v several_a bubble_n they_o do_v not_o yield_v air_n but_o destroy_v what_o be_v contain_v there_o before_o the_o liquor_n be_v green_a and_o turbid_v decemb._n 5._o the_o spirit_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n get_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n and_o condense_v in_o the_o receiver_n that_o which_o continue_v in_o the_o vessel_n be_v as_o clear_a as_o water_n the_o mercury_n be_v whole_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o gage_n whence_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o suppose_v that_o the_o air_n be_v gradual_o consume_v in_o the_o receiver_n experiment_n xx._n septemb_n 2._o 78._o a_o cylinder_n of_o tin_n and_o another_o of_o lead_n etc._n mercury_n raise_v in_o a_o tube_n in_o vacuo_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v immerse_v in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o mercury_n and_o two_o other_o in_o mercury_n expose_v to_o common_a air._n sept._n 6._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tin_n cylinder_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v raise_v 4_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o pipe_n be_v cut_v transvers_o half_o of_o that_o space_n above_o the_o mercury_n it_o be_v immerse_v in_o and_o in_o another_o place_n a_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n the_o amalgama_n have_v penetrate_v into_o the_o metal_n half_a a_o line_n above_o and_o a_o whole_a one_o below_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o lead_n pipe_n have_v not_o sensible_o penetrate_v into_o that_o metal_n except_o where_o it_o be_v immerse_v it_o be_v raise_v in_o it_o 2_o ½_n sept._n 7._o the_o mercury_n have_v ascend_v 5_o digit_n in_o the_o tin_n pipe_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air._n sept._n 10._o the_o same_o cylinder_n continue_n in_o the_o mercury_n be_v besmear_v up_o to_o the_o very_a top_n 6_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n which_o have_v penetrate_v the_o tube_n the_o deep_a by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n so_o that_o near_o the_o surface_n it_o have_v penetrate_v 3_o line_n deep_a the_o mercury_n be_v not_o raise_v above_o 3_o digit_n and_o a_o half_a in_o the_o lead_n pipe_n nor_o have_v it_o make_v any_o sensible_a penetration_n so_o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n contribute_v little_a to_o the_o ascent_n of_o mercury_n into_o metal_n experiment_n xxi_o decemb._n 12._o 78._o the_o head_n of_o a_o whiting_n be_v cut_v off_o vacuo_fw-la a_o whiting_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o divide_v into_o 5_o part_n one_o of_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la another_o in_o common_a air_n another_o in_o compress_v air_n which_o sustain_v 50_o digit_n above_o the_o usual_a height_n the_o four_o be_v include_v with_o air_n from_o paste_n the_o last_o piece_n be_v expose_v to_o open_v air._n decemb._n 15._o that_o in_o the_o open_a air_n in_o the_o morning_n begin_v to_o shine_v and_o in_o the_o evening_n yield_v a_o light_n more_o vivid_v decemb._n 16._o it_o give_v over_o shine_v till_o evening_n dec._n 17._o it_o shine_v a_o little_a dec._n 18._o at_o night_n it_o shine_v a_o little_a dec._n 20._o it_o continue_v to_o shine_v dec._n 22._o it_o cease_v dec._n 23._o that_o include_v in_o common_a air_n begin_v to_o shine_v the_o 24._o it_o do_v not_o jan._n 26._o 79._o none_o of_o they_o shine_v article_n xii_o artificial_a air_n destroy_v experiment_n i._n august_n 3._o 77._o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n be_v transmit_v into_o a_o receiver_n full_a of_o common_a air_n destroy_v artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n destroy_v till_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 25_o inch_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n aug._n 4_o it_o sink_v to_o 23_o aug._n 6_o it_o sink_v to_o 20_o aug._n 7_o aug._n 8_o a_o little_a aug._n 10_o to_o 19_o ½_n experiment_n ii_o may_v 26._o 76._o destroy_v artificial_a air_n generate_v and_o destroy_v six_o grain_n of_o sal_fw-la armon_n be_v let_v fall_v into_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n in_o vacuo_fw-la there_o follow_v a_o great_a ebullition_n so_o that_o the_o mercury_n rise_v to_o it_o be_v usual_a height_n but_o present_o subside_v again_o may_v 27._o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v
perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o immerse_v in_o water_n this_o do_v we_o cover_v the_o ball_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n and_o bay-salt_n upon_o which_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v condense_v the_o water_n rise_v up_o into_o the_o stem_n and_o stand_v a_o good_a while_n then_o have_v make_v a_o mark_n at_o its_o high_a station_n we_o fill_v the_o vessel_n with_o water_n and_o find_v that_o it_o yield_v ℥_o 19_o and_o ʒuj_fw-la the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o fill_v the_o stem_n up_o to_o the_o mark_n being_n ℥_o j_o and_o ʒiij_fw-la by_o which_o number_n the_o former_a be_v divide_v the_o quotient_n be_v 14_o 4_o 11_o drachm_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o two_o quantity_n be_v as_o 11_o to_o 158_o the_o space_n into_o which_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v be_v to_o it_o be_v former_a space_n as_o 147_o to_o 158_o so_o that_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o condensation_n it_o be_v then_o capable_a of_o make_v it_o lose_v of_o its_o former_a extent_n 11_o 158._o n._n b._n first_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o glass_n ought_v to_o be_v long_o lest_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o air_n be_v condensation_n shall_v rise_v into_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o second_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v two_o foot_n so_o that_o it_o may_v by_o its_o weight_n in_o some_o measure_n hinder_v the_o ascent_n of_o more_o and_o so_o keep_v the_o air_n from_o condense_v to_o its_o utmost_a three_o when_o the_o water_n rise_v as_o high_a as_o it_o well_o can_v we_o observe_v it_o to_o rise_v and_o fall_v alternate_o for_o a_o little_a time_n four_o the_o air_n may_v thus_o be_v further_o condense_v than_o by_o winter_n cold._n but_o to_o show_v that_o in_o the_o forego_v experiment_n the_o cold_a do_v not_o compress_v the_o air_n immediate_o but_o partly_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o by_o stuff_v up_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n cause_v it_o to_o swell_v and_o so_o to_o compress_v the_o air_n i_o take_v a_o new_a glass_n bolt-head_n with_o a_o short_a neck_n and_o fill_v it_o full_a of_o water_n so_o that_o when_o it_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v up_o the_o liquor_n wrought_v within_o 3_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n the_o sharp_a end_n which_o be_v make_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o seal_v be_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o this_o be_v do_v the_o bolt-head_n be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n upon_o which_o the_o water_n ascend_v and_o compress_v the_o air_n into_o the_o conical_a part_n upon_o which_o the_o glass_n fly_v in_o piece_n in_o which_o experiment_n according_a to_o dr._n wallis_n his_o estimate_n the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o a_o 40th_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o which_o be_v considerable_a above_o the_o utmost_a compressure_n make_v in_o windgun_n where_o it_o be_v usual_o think_v not_o to_o be_v compress_v into_o less_o than_o a_o 15_o and_o according_a to_o mersennus_n into_o a_o 8_o part_n of_o its_o former_a space_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o admirable_o differ_v extension_n of_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o air_n rarefy_v and_o compress_v air._n the_o admirable_a different_a extension_n of_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o air._n the_o first_o thing_n i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o concern_v the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n be_v that_o in_o our_o climate_n though_o cold_a will_v not_o condense_a it_o near_o into_o a_o 20_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v expanded_a to_o 70_o time_n that_o space_n second_o the_o air_n may_v be_v much_o more_o condense_v and_o rarify_v by_o our_o engine_n than_o by_o heat_n or_o cold_a the_o proportion_n in_o respect_n of_o expansion_n be_v as_o 1_o to_o 70._o but_o three_o perhaps_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n will_v not_o be_v think_v so_o great_a as_o what_o we_o have_v mention_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o air_n we_o make_v experiment_n with_o here_o below_o be_v so_o much_o compress_v already_o by_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n that_o for_o that_o reason_n it_o be_v more_o incline_v by_o its_o spring_n to_o yield_v to_o a_o expansive_a than_o a_o compressive_a force_n four_o it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o have_v a_o specific_a gravity_n come_v to_o be_v spread_v so_o thin_a in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n since_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o for_o they_o to_o swim_v in_o and_o to_o bear_v they_o up_o since_o the_o proportion_n be_v so_o great_a betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o five_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a wonderful_a that_o air_n shall_v be_v so_o subject_a to_o vary_v its_o dimension_n so_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o far_o it_o may_v be_v expanded_a without_o the_o assistance_n of_o art_n elaborate_a engine_n or_o heat_n the_o 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experiment_n iu._n some_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a tincture_n be_v leave_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o a_o window_n lose_v its_o colour_n and_o appear_v like_o common_a water_n but_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o december_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o acquire_v a_o faint_a and_o moderate_o transparent_a green_n experiment_n v._n wine_n file_n of_o copper_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n file_n of_o copper_n and_o as_o much_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o fermented_a urine_n as_o rise_v a_o inch_n above_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o conical_a glass_n with_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n in_o some_o hour_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o seal_a leg_n be_v depress_v experiment_n vi._n a_o gage_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o
star_n yet_o the_o vanity_n of_o judiciary_n astrology_n have_v be_v so_o plain_o detect_v by_o several_a learned_a man_n i_o shall_v here_o only_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o unlikely_a that_o particular_a town_n shall_v alone_o be_v influence_v by_o such_o than_o by_o effluvium_n from_o body_n near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o those_o place_n stand_v and_o that_o which_o render_v it_o much_o more_o probable_a be_v that_o i_o have_v frequent_o know_v disease_n very_o fatal_a to_o happen_v sudden_o in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o first_o contagion_n have_v be_v accompany_v with_o a_o very_a troublesome_a fog_n that_o sudden_a and_o violent_a heat_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o subterraneal_a body_n not_o only_o appear_v from_o oil_n of_o vitrol_n pour_v upon_o iron_n spirit_n of_o nitre_n upon_o butter_n of_o antimony_n file_n of_o copper_n tin_n or_o crude_a antimony_n but_o from_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n pour_v upon_o powder_a marchasite_n which_o be_v accompany_v with_o very_o strong_a scent_v fume_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o even_o sulphur_n have_v to_o my_o knowledge_n have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o marchasite_n and_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o german_a chemist_n that_o in_o germany_n marchasite_n which_o be_v find_v there_o will_v grow_v hot_a if_o long_o immerse_v in_o pure_a water_n and_o if_o we_o consider_v upon_o how_o many_o accident_n the_o course_n of_o subterraneal_a water_n may_v be_v turn_v it_o will_v be_v easy_o evident_a upon_o that_o account_n considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n may_v succeed_v for_o if_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v mix_v with_o powder_n of_o sulphur_n and_o that_o mixture_n be_v moisten_v with_o water_n it_o present_o grow_v very_o hot_a and_o emit_v fume_n copious_o like_o slak'd-lime_n and_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o several_a who_o frequent_a mine_n that_o damp_n which_o be_v make_v up_o of_o subterraneal_a effluvium_n be_v 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particular_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n and_o may_v by_o that_o mean_n be_v dispose_v to_o act_v upon_o particular_a part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o to_o cause_v a_o determinate_a disease_n so_o though_o neither_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n nor_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a alone_o can_v dissolve_v gold_n yet_o aq._n regia_n which_o be_v a_o composition_n of_o both_o will_n but_o have_v no_o such_o effect_n on_o silver_n diamond_n be_v or_o ruby_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o epidemic_a distemper_n affect_v some_o and_o let_v other_o go_v free_a it_o may_v not_o only_o be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o peculiar_a disposition_n of_o those_o body_n but_o also_o by_o consider_v that_o the_o effluvia_fw-la which_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v so_o imperfect_o mix_v with_o the_o air_n as_o to_o fall_v upon_o one_o body_n and_o not_o another_o so_o i_o have_v observe_v several_a leave_n on_o a_o tree_n blast_v with_o a_o wind_n which_o blow_v at_o that_o corner_n of_o the_o ground_n yet_o 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all_o at_o once_o and_o be_v disperse_v or_o the_o subterraneal_a commotion_n that_o cause_v they_o pass_v on_o from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n subjacent_a to_o another_o nor_o be_v it_o less_o consonant_a to_o our_o hypothesis_n that_o the_o short_a duration_n of_o some_o distemper_n may_v depend_v on_o a_o successive_a rise_n of_o effluvia_fw-la since_o when_o those_o of_o one_o kind_n cease_v to_o be_v emit_v and_o another_o kind_n succeed_v the_o latter_a may_v check_v the_o former_a by_o precipitate_v they_o or_o unite_n into_o quid_fw-la tertium_fw-la less_o prejudicial_a to_o all_o animal_n body_n so_o by_o a_o ascociation_n of_o new_a particle_n with_o those_o pestilential_a effluvia_fw-la which_o cause_n a_o annual_a plague_n in_o grand_a cairo_n it_o sudden_o stop_v and_o those_o already_o infect_v die_v not_o if_o the_o air_n be_v sufficient_o impregnate_v before_o as_o a_o late_a writer_n of_o voyage_n into_o egypt_n testify_v in_o these_o word_n the_o drop_n or_o dew_n purify_v the_o air_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o fall_v the_o plague_n cease_v to_o be_v mortal_a none_o die_v of_o it_o the_o air_n be_v wholesome_a all_o distemper_n cease_v and_o if_o any_o person_n grow_v sick_a he_o never_o die_v etc._n etc._n i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o about_o the_o tin_n mine_n in_o devonshire_n not_o only_o the_o grass_n and_o fern_n but_o the_o tree_n will_v be_v sudden_o blast_v by_o the_o powerful_a effluvia_fw-la which_o sudden_o rise_v over_o a_o considerable_a compass_n of_o ground_n have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o epidemical_a distemper_n it_o perhaps_o may_v be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o the_o plague_n and_o its_o origin_n which_o i_o must_v own_v myself_o at_o a_o loss_n in_o for_o though_o i_o think_v it_o rather_o seem_o pious_a than_o real_o so_o to_o ascribe_v such_o thing_n to_o a_o supernatural_a power_n which_o may_v be_v account_v for_o by_o natural_a one_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o may_v arise_v from_o a_o supernatural_a origin_n but_o what_o ever_o may_v be_v the_o first_o origin_n of_o plague_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o the_o propagation_n of_o they_o depend_v on_o a_o malignant_a disposition_n in_o the_o air_n arise_v from_o some_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la for_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o the_o malevolent_a aspect_n of_o the_o planet_n seem_v too_o remote_a and_o indeterminate_a to_o act_v on_o a_o particular_a place_n beside_o according_a to_o the_o vulgar_a hypothesis_n the_o plague_n ought_v to_o rage_v most_o where_o it_o very_o seldom_o happen_v for_o leo_n africanus_n inform_v we_o that_o in_o numidia_n though_o rage_v hot_a it_o happen_v but_o once_o in_o a_o hundred_o year_n and_o purchas_n in_o his_o pilgrimage_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 13._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v not_o know_v at_o all_o in_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n and_o seldom_o in_o japan_n or_o new-england_n and_o in_o the_o east-indies_n china_n tunquin_n and_o cochinchinâ—_n it_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o whereas_o the_o country_n of_o china_n contain_v more_o inhabitant_n than_o all_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n and_o be_v the_o plague_n a_o punishment_n inflict_v for_o the_o sin_n of_o man_n certain_o in_o country_n so_o large_a and_o savage_a they_o may_v expect_v it_o from_o divine_a justice_n as_o often_o as_o we_o but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o these_o history_n as_o much_o press_n our_o hypothesis_n as_o those_o other_o allege_v by_o physician_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o i_o confess_v it_o difficult_a to_o determine_v the_o original_a cause_n the_o other_o part_n of_o my_o hypothesis_n be_v not_o at_o all_o shake_v since_o it_o can_v not_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o noxious_a effluvia_fw-la will_v be_v able_a to_o propagate_v the_o plague_n there_o be_v there_o a_o original_a cause_n to_o set_v those_o secondary_a cause_n on_o work_n
after_o it_o be_v sufficient_o impregnate_v with_o the_o vitriol_n remain_v in_o the_o calx_fw-la be_v filter_v and_o gentle_o abstract_v and_o yield_v several_a grain_n of_o a_o salt_n of_o vitriol_n not_o much_o different_a from_o that_o which_o have_v be_v calcine_v another_o portion_n of_o water_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o air_n six_o week_n upon_o the_o calcine_v vitriol_n in_o a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n and_o then_o be_v abstract_v as_o the_o former_a it_o yield_v a_o salt_n much_o like_o salt-petre_n and_o different_a from_o the_o former_a and_o colcothar_n which_o have_v lie_v several_a month_n in_o the_o air_n free_a from_o rain_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o lixivium_n yield_v a_o salt_n much_o white_a than_o vitriol_n and_o of_o a_o different_a figure_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n have_v considerable_a force_n in_o vary_a salt_n obtainable_a from_o calcine_v vitriol_n experiment_n ii_o dulcify_v colcothar_n of_o venereal_a vitriol_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o january_n and_o february_n increase_v in_o weight_n 4_o ¼_n grain_n experiment_n iii_o the_o 12_o of_o march_n eight_o ounce_n of_o outlandish_a vitriol_n calcine_v to_o a_o redness_n be_v put_v into_o a_o broad_a and_o flat_a metalline_a vessel_n and_o into_o another_o vessel_n small_a than_o the_o other_o we_o put_v 2_o ounce_n of_o colcothar_n so_o that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v large_a in_o respect_n of_o its_o quantity_n than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o other_o june_n 25._o we_o weigh_v these_o powder_n and_o find_v that_o the_o 8_o ounce_n have_v gain_v a_o drachm_n and_o 16_o grain_n and_o the_o 2_o ounce_n have_v gain_v as_o much_o within_o a_o grain_n then_o the_o powder_n be_v put_v into_o the_o same_o vessel_n august_n the_o four_o the_o small_a quantity_n weigh_v 26_o grain_n more_o than_o it_o do_v in_o june_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o different_a circumstance_n cause_v notable_a disparity_n in_o the_o increase_n of_o weight_n experiment_n iu._n two_o ounce_n of_o small_a lump_n of_o marchasite_n which_o be_v partly_o shine_v and_o partly_o darkish_a and_o seem_v well_o dispose_v to_o yield_v vitriol_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o pure_a air_n and_o gain_v 12_o grain_n in_o weight_n in_o seven_o week_n experiment_n v._n spirit_z of_o salt_n be_v put_v upon_o file_n of_o copper_n and_o keep_v in_o a_o moderate_a heat_n when_o it_o have_v acquire_v a_o thick_a and_o muddy_a colour_n we_o decant_v it_o into_o a_o clean_a glass_n with_o a_o wide_a mouth_n and_o leave_v it_o a_o competent_a time_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n till_o it_o have_v acquire_v a_o fair_a green_n yet_o nothing_o be_v precipitate_v to_o the_o bottom_n to_o make_v it_o clear_a experiment_n vi._n i_o once_o observe_v that_o the_o fume_n of_o a_o sharp_a liquor_n act_v more_o powerful_o on_o a_o certain_a metal_n hold_v in_o the_o air_n than_o the_o menstruum_fw-la from_o whence_o those_o fume_n rise_v will_v do_v itself_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o some_o mine_n in_o hungary_n that_o the_o fume_n render_v those_o ladder_n soon_o unserviceable_a which_o be_v near_a the_o top_n of_o the_o grove_n where_o there_o be_v a_o more_o free_a access_n of_o air._n experiment_n vii_o a_o soft_a chemical_a substance_n which_o will_v smoke_v in_o the_o open_a air_n be_v convey_v into_o our_o pneumatick_a engine_n in_o a_o viol_n when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v cease_v to_o smoke_n and_o by_o continue_v there_o some_o time_n will_v not_o smoke_v again_o when_o it_o be_v re-exposed_a to_o the_o air_n till_o the_o fresh_a air_n have_v blow_v upon_o it_o some_o time_n this_o preparation_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o vessel_n it_o be_v prepare_v in_o six_o week_n will_v cease_v to_o smoke_n when_o the_o vessel_n be_v but_o cover_v with_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n and_o another_o remarkable_a thing_n be_v that_o when_o it_o be_v contain_v some_o time_n in_o a_o receiver_n close_o lute_v it_o will_v soon_o so_o glut_v the_o air_n with_o its_o steam_n as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o smoke_v long_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o celestial_a and_o aerial_a magnet_n it_o will_v be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o discover_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o air_n and_o its_o correspondency_n with_o subterraneal_a and_o celestial_a region_n can_v we_o ctc._o of_o celestial_a magnet_n ctc._o by_o experiment_n make_v any_o progress_n in_o prepare_v such_o artificial_a magnet_n as_o will_v imbibe_n the_o exotic_a part_n of_o the_o air._n nor_o will_v it_o be_v lose_v labour_n to_o expose_v several_a mineral_n and_o other_o substance_n to_o the_o air_n and_o to_o inquire_v what_o it_o be_v that_o give_v they_o the_o additional_a weight_n they_o receive_v by_o it_o and_o with_o what_o quality_n that_o substance_n be_v endue_v for_o if_o such_o experiment_n can_v be_v try_v with_o good_a magnet_n at_o several_a time_n and_o in_o several_a place_n we_o may_v by_o they_o learn_v what_o effluvium_n the_o air_n then_o and_o in_o those_o place_n abound_v with_o nor_o may_v it_o be_v of_o small_a importance_n in_o discover_v a_o correspondency_n betwixt_o the_o terrestrial_a and_o some_o etherial_a globe_n of_o the_o world_n among_o other_o thing_n which_o make_v i_o hope_v that_o equiry_n of_o this_o nature_n may_v not_o be_v altogether_o unsuccessful_a i_o shall_v only_o intimate_v that_o notable_a operation_n the_o air_n have_v upon_o vitriol_n diversify_v by_o circumstance_n after_o fire_n can_v work_v no_o further_o on_o it_o for_o zwelser_n speak_v of_o a_o chemical_a preparation_n of_o vitrol_n viz._n colcothar_n say_v that_o the_o salt_n it_o yield_v when_o long_o keep_v be_v imbibe_v into_o it_o from_o the_o air._n for_o say_v he_o when_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n sal_fw-la praebet_fw-la quandoque_fw-la candidum_fw-la quandoque_fw-la purpureum_fw-la aspectu_fw-la pulcherrimum_n quod_fw-la aliquando_fw-la in_o copia_fw-la acquisivi_fw-la &_o penes_fw-la i_o asservo_fw-la quandoque_fw-la etiam_fw-la nitrosum_fw-la and_o a_o ingenious_a person_n tell_v i_o that_o he_o likewise_o have_v obtain_v several_a sort_n of_o salt_n from_o colcothar_n and_o at_o the_o last_o when_o it_o have_v be_v keep_v a_o long_a time_n a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o true_a run_a mercury_n beside_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v concern_v colcothar_n i_o shall_v propose_v two_o or_o three_o inquiry_n to_o any_o virtuoso_fw-la that_o will_v assist_v in_o these_o trial_n and_o first_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o note_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n the_o month_n of_o the_o year_n the_o wind_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o if_o any_o the_o spot_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o moon_n be_v age_n and_o her_o place_n in_o the_o zodiac_n as_o well_o as_o the_o principal_a aspect_n of_o the_o star_n and_o planet_n since_o we_o can_v deny_v though_o not_o positive_o assert_v that_o these_o body_n be_v concern_v in_o the_o production_n of_o those_o salt_n which_o colcothar_n yield_v this_o nevertheless_o we_o know_v that_o though_o those_o body_n which_o move_v about_o we_o shall_v have_v no_o considerable_a effect_n on_o what_o be_v do_v in_o our_o atmosphere_n yet_o it_o at_o different_a time_n and_o place_n abound_v with_o various_a subterraneal_a steam_n and_o several_a phaenomena_n appear_v in_o it_o which_o be_v irregular_a and_o though_o some_o be_v regular_a enough_o yet_o be_v they_o as_o to_o their_o cause_n unknown_a as_o those_o thermae_n piperinae_n in_o germany_n which_o begin_v and_o cease_v to_o flow_v at_o certain_a time_n and_o johannes_n de_fw-fr laet_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o mexican_n province_n xilolepec_n there_o be_v a_o fountain_n which_o successive_o flow_v and_o cease_v to_o flow_v for_o four_o year_n together_o and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o its_o flow_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o it_o flow_v much_o more_o plentiful_o in_o dry_a than_o rainy_n wether_n second_o i_o will_v recommend_v the_o follow_a observation_n viz._n what_o kind_n of_o vitriol_n the_o colcothar_n be_v make_v of_o martial_a hungarian_n or_o roman_a vitriol_n what_o degree_n of_o calcination_n be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o how_o far_o the_o calcine_v matter_n be_v free_v from_o its_o salt_n by_o water_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v a_o saltless_a colcother_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n several_a month_n without_o the_o least_o increase_n of_o weight_n which_o probable_o may_v depend_v on_o some_o peculiarity_n of_o the_o air_n where_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v since_o in_o other_o place_n the_o success_n have_v be_v the_o contrary_n but_o three_o beside_o several_a sort_n of_o vitriol_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o try_v these_o experiment_n with_o several_a preparation_n of_o they_o for_o i_o once_o make_v a_o solution_n of_o copper_n with_o sublimate_n and_o spirit_n of_o salt_n which_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n be_v green_a though_o before_o it_o be_v not_o of_o that_o
with_o london_n and_o at_o the_o most_o not_o exceed_v 52_o degree_n the_o ice_n be_v near_o six_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o frost_n so_o violent_a that_o bottle_n of_o brandy_n will_v have_v a_o four_o part_n turn_v into_o ice_n the_o unfreeze_v liquor_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o before_o the_o ice_n which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v fresh_a from_o whence_o they_o supply_v themselves_o with_o fresh_a water_n either_o by_o melt_v it_o in_o their_o pot_n or_o by_o gather_v it_o from_o large_a cavity_n in_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n where_o it_o be_v melt_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n a_o traveller_n tell_v i_o that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o pyrenean_n mountain_n in_o the_o summer_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a though_o the_o same_o day_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o another_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o wind_n at_o morocco_n be_v so_o hot_a as_o almost_o to_o stifle_v he_o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o high_a pyrenean_n mountain_n that_o below_o they_o there_o be_v cloud_n which_o yield_v rain_v plentiful_o out_o of_o which_o lightning_n flash_v upward_o as_o well_o as_o downward_o dr._n stubbs_n tell_v i_o that_o in_o a_o bolt-head_n about_o 2_o foot_n ½_n long_o about_o 7_o or_o 8_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n which_o be_v the_o faint_a time_n of_o the_o day_n the_o water_n will_v rise_v but_o ¼_n of_o inch_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n after_o which_o time_n it_o will_v subside_o till_o that_o time_n the_o next_o day_n he_o further_o add_v that_o in_o 8_o or_o 10_o month_n time_n in_o that_o hot_a country_n water_n will_v not_o decrease_v in_o quantity_n though_o keep_v unstop_v i_o be_o tell_v by_o another_o that_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n near_o the_o coast_n of_o sumatra_n though_o ice_n nor_o frost_n nor_o snow_n be_v ever_o observe_v yet_o he_o have_v know_v hail_n to_o fall_v and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o 6_o and_o 10_o degree_n north_n latitude_n in_o that_o torrid_a climate_n it_o will_v be_v so_o cold_a at_o the_o top_n of_o some_o hill_n to_o who_o top_n they_o can_v ascend_v in_o half_a a_o hour_n that_o they_o will_v almost_o shiver_v and_o capt._n knox_n tell_v i_o that_o have_v spend_v 18_o year_n in_o that_o island_n he_o observe_v a_o kind_n of_o meteor_n in_o winter_n morning_n between_o a_o dew_n and_o a_o hoar_a frost_n which_o present_o vanish_v and_o that_o once_o there_o happen_v a_o shower_n of_o hail_n which_o be_v about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o black_a cherry_n but_o be_v present_o melt_v upon_o the_o ground_n the_o heat_n be_v so_o violent_a in_o the_o island_n suaquena_n that_o it_o excoriate_v the_o skin_n melt_v indian_a wax_n in_o a_o cabinet_n and_o sear_v your_o shoe_n like_o a_o red_a hot_a iron_n yet_o on_o some_o mountain_n in_o aethiopia_n they_o dread_v cold_a more_o than_o heat_v though_o no_o snow_n fall_v but_o only_o a_o little_a hail_n now_o and_o then_o which_o soon_o melt_v and_o tellesius_n witness_n that_o in_o many_o region_n in_o aethiopia_n the_o air_n be_v more_o mild_a than_o in_o portugal_n so_o many_o degree_n distant_a northward_o at_o tripoli_n in_o barbary_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v over_o a_o long_a sandy_a desert_n it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o wind_n it_o bring_v along_o with_o it_o seem_v as_o hot_a as_o the_o steam_n from_o a_o oven_n and_o and_o the_o same_o have_v be_v observe_v near_o the_o island_n of_o st._n lovis_fw-la on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o it_o be_v further_o remarkable_a that_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o the_o gentleman_n who_o relate_v it_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o stand_v upon_o it_o and_o he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o a_o wood_n in_o which_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o wild_a beast_n lay_v it_o stink_v so_o that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v endure_v in_o summo_fw-la ejus_fw-la montis_fw-la idae_fw-la sc_fw-la fastigio_fw-la sacellum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la aedificiolo_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la constat_fw-la saxis_fw-la sibi_fw-la inuicem_fw-la impositis_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la calce_fw-la cohaerentibus_fw-la fornicis_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la constructo_fw-la ad_fw-la tectum_fw-la praebendum_fw-la sublimi_fw-la adeo_fw-la loco_fw-la est_fw-la &_o à _fw-la vehementioribus_fw-la ventis_fw-la interdum_fw-la ita_fw-la perflato_fw-la ut_fw-la lapilli_fw-la inde_fw-la transferantur_fw-la 16._o petri_n bellonii_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 16._o paulo_n infra_fw-la id_fw-la sacellum_fw-la planity_n conspicitur_fw-la montibus_fw-la undique_fw-la cincta_fw-la in_fw-la quâ_fw-la multa_fw-la sunt_fw-la pascua_fw-la ubi_fw-la arietes_n &_o caprae_fw-la cretense_n aestate_fw-la pinguescunt_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la ex_fw-la summo_fw-la montis_fw-la vertice_fw-la undique_fw-la prospiciat_fw-la pâ—â—â—…_n aberit_fw-la quin_fw-la totius_fw-la insulae_fw-la ambitum_fw-la videat_fw-la cum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d vicinis_fw-la insulis_fw-la miso_n cerigo_n sive_fw-la cythera_n 〈◊〉_d archipelagi_n aeris_fw-la intempery_n in_fw-la hoc_fw-la â—â—â—…te_fw-la adeo_fw-la magna_fw-la est_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o caeteris_fw-la praeâ—â—â—…_n montibus_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o ipsis_fw-la caniculae_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la â—…ridie_fw-la nullo_n etiam_fw-la spirante_fw-la vento_fw-la ingens_fw-la senâ—â—â—tur_fw-la frigus_fw-la qua_fw-la de_fw-la causa_fw-la nec_fw-la hyeme_n nec_fw-la aslâ—…te_fw-la 〈◊〉_d eum_fw-la incolit_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la pastor_n interdâ—…â—â—iâ—â—_n greges_fw-la ad_fw-la pascua_fw-la agunt_fw-la noctu_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o valles_fw-la se_fw-la recipiunt_fw-la in_o the_o next_o chapter_n latè_fw-la porro_fw-la patet_fw-la hic_fw-la mons_fw-la ejusque_fw-la radices_fw-la 〈◊〉_d maris_fw-la littora_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la diximus_fw-la attingunt_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la urbi_fw-la candiae_fw-la sunt_fw-la vicinae_fw-la meditullium_fw-la tamen_fw-la insulae_fw-la occupo_fw-la ipse_fw-la mons_fw-la adeo_fw-la in_o sublime_a evectus_fw-la ut_fw-la nives_fw-la ejus_fw-la verticem_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la tegnant_fw-la tamque_fw-la frigida_fw-la aâ—ra_fw-la mediis_fw-la etiam_fw-la astatis_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la isthic_n est_fw-la ut_fw-la vix_fw-la ferri_fw-la queat_fw-la tametsi_fw-la in_o convallibus_fw-la magnus_fw-la sit_fw-la aestus_fw-la 8._o jacobi_n zabarelli_n de-regionibus_a aeris_fw-la c._n 8._o contigit_fw-la id_fw-la meae_fw-la experientiae_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la aliis_fw-la contigisse_fw-la audivi_fw-la ut_fw-la ascenderem_fw-la ad_fw-la summutatem_fw-la usque_fw-la montis_fw-la veneris_fw-la qui_fw-la omnium_fw-la in_o patavino_n agro_fw-la altissimus_fw-la est_fw-la ibi_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la diem_fw-la habui_fw-la aerem_fw-la serenissimum_fw-la sed_fw-la infra_fw-la circiter_fw-la medium_n montis_fw-la vidi_fw-la nubes_fw-la quae_fw-la i_o visione_n vallium_fw-la prohibebant_fw-la vesperi_fw-la autem_fw-la postquam_fw-la de_fw-la illo_fw-la monte_fw-fr descendi_fw-la inveni_fw-la factam_fw-la eo_fw-la die_v infera_fw-fr parte_fw-la magnam_fw-la pluviam_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o montis_fw-la cacumine_fw-la nihil_fw-la pluisset_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la intellexi_fw-la i_o transiisse_fw-la per_fw-la mediam_fw-la aeris_fw-la regionem_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la est_fw-la facta_fw-la pluvia_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la eam_fw-la sensi_fw-la frigidissimam_fw-la imò_fw-la vix_fw-la aliquam_fw-la animadverti_fw-la differentiam_fw-la frigidioris_fw-la &_o calidioris_fw-la aeris_fw-la nam_fw-la aestivum_fw-la tempus_fw-la erat_fw-la pro_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la eram_fw-la vestitus_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la tantum_fw-la frigoris_fw-la quod_fw-la i_o laederet_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la loco_fw-la percepi_fw-la pars_fw-la igitur_fw-la illa_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la absolutè_fw-la frigida_fw-la sed_fw-la solùm_fw-la comparatione_fw-la inferi_fw-la aeris_fw-la calidioris_fw-la idem_fw-la de_fw-la alpibus_fw-la proprio_fw-la exemplo_fw-la edoctus_fw-la testatum_fw-la reliquit_fw-la bartholinus_n sy_v phys_n instit_fw-la succinct_a de_fw-fr terra_fw-la aere_fw-la &_o igne_fw-la c._n 4._o resp_n 1._o mount_v atlas_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n have_v be_v see_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o several_a people_n who_o have_v visit_v the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n such_o as_o the_o alps_n and_o teneriff_n have_v find_v it_o exceed_o cold_a i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o he_o never_o hear_v of_o snow_n or_o ice_n in_o guinea_n but_o in_o barbary_n where_o the_o plain_n be_v excessive_a hot_a the_o top_n of_o mountain_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o island_n ceylon_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o congo_n in_o the_o summer_n 88_o i_o place_v a_o glass_n in_o a_o cave_n which_o face_v the_o sea_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o 80_o foot_n of_o earth_n and_o cut_v right_a in_o about_o 130_o foot_n the_o mercury_n stand_v ½_n above_o temperate_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o another_o glass_n in_o the_o open_a air_n it_o stand_v at_o hot_a about_o christmas_n follow_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cave_n vary_v not_o but_o that_o without_o stand_v at_o frost_n in_o new-hampshire_n in_o new-england_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o winter_n the_o north-west_n wind_n be_v very_o cold_a and_o in_o summer_n intense_o hot_a it_o be_v ascribe_v to_o a_o large_a tract_n of_o woody_n land_n which_o in_o the_o winter_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o valley_n be_v close_o keep_v in_o the_o heat_n till_o
the_o ground_n and_o excellency_n of_o corpuscular_a philosophi_fw-la have_v in_o the_o preface_n give_v the_o reader_n a_o account_n of_o the_o follow_a sheet_n i_o shall_v by_o way_n of_o introduction_n represent_v the_o ground_n and_o excellency_n of_o the_o corpuscular_a philosophy_n as_o deliver_v by_o our_o author_n and_o first_o it_o have_v this_o to_o recommend_v it_o above_o all_o other_o system_n of_o philosophy_n that_o it_o teach_v we_o not_o as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o epicurean_o do_v that_o the_o world_n be_v make_v in_o a_o infinite_a vacuum_n by_o a_o casual_a concourse_n of_o atom_n nor_o as_o the_o cartesian_o that_o matter_n first_o put_v into_o motion_n by_o god_n convene_v into_o a_o world_n as_o now_o constitute_v by_o law_n mechanical_a only_o but_o it_o allow_v the_o omnipotent_a creator_n a_o great_a share_n in_o the_o work_v of_o his_o hand_n teach_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o small_a part_n of_o matter_n which_o compose_v the_o universe_n be_v guide_v by_o that_o wise_a architect_n who_o when_o he_o have_v constitute_v the_o world_n establish_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n so_o that_o we_o only_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v those_o as_o now_o constitute_v and_o how_o they_o be_v mechanical_o carry_v on_o in_o do_v of_o which_o it_o account_v for_o the_o several_a phanomena_n of_o nature_n by_o principle_n more_o intelligible_a and_o clear_a than_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n since_o it_o be_v much_o more_o easy_o understand_v what_o i_o mean_v by_o motion_n or_o rest_n size_n shape_n order_n situation_n and_o a_o contexture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n than_o by_o fanciful_a idea_n represent_v by_o the_o doctrine_n of_o privation_n substantial_a form_n and_o their_o eduction_n etc._n etc._n nor_o have_v our_o hypothesis_n a_o less_o advantage_n over_o the_o hypostatical_a principle_n of_o the_o chemist_n since_o it_o account_v for_o several_a phaenomena_n which_o they_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n in_o as_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v bring_v on_o and_o remove_v by_o a_o local_a motion_n of_o the_o interfere_a body_n and_o those_o other_o concern_v in_o the_o phaenomenon_n or_o to_o use_v another_o instance_n it_o be_v easy_o understand_v that_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n cast_v into_o the_o air_n by_o a_o concave_n spherical_a looking-glass_n be_v more_o natural_o account_v for_o by_o a_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n than_o any_o hypostatical_a principle_n but_o beside_o the_o intelligibleness_n of_o our_o principle_n it_o be_v a_o far_a recommendation_n that_o none_o be_v more_o primary_n than_o matter_n and_o motion_n which_o be_v the_o first_o general_n affection_n of_o it_o nor_o can_v any_o be_v more_o simple_a none_o more_o primary_n because_o have_v the_o same_o part_n of_o matter_n be_v always_o in_o the_o same_o place_n they_o can_v not_o be_v diversify_v therefore_o motion_n be_v primary_o necessary_a nor_o can_v any_o be_v more_o simple_a because_o neither_o can_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n of_o a_o different_a denomination_n since_o all_o matter_n be_v equal_o matter_n and_o all_o motion_n must_v bear_v the_o same_o title_n consider_v bare_o as_o motion_n and_o as_o none_o can_v be_v more_o simple_a and_o primary_n so_o none_o can_v be_v more_o comprehensive_a since_o motion_n size_n figure_n order_n and_o texture_n may_v be_v diversify_v thousand_o of_o way_n and_o as_o whole_a library_n be_v make_v of_o twentyfour_o letter_n so_o the_o several_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v explain_v by_o the_o several_a variety_n of_o texture_n and_o other_o difference_n arise_v from_o the_o various_a change_n our_o principle_n be_v subject_a to_o nor_o be_v the_o most_o obvious_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n alone_o explain_v by_o our_o hypothesis_n but_o those_o quality_n esteem_v occult_a one_o since_o the_o particle_n which_o be_v concern_v in_o such_o composition_n as_o abound_v with_o occult_a quality_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o law_n and_o capable_a of_o the_o like_a manner_n of_o action_n though_o their_o part_n be_v so_o minute_n as_o to_o make_v their_o modus_fw-la operandi_fw-la indiscernible_a but_o what_o be_v still_o more_o a_o advantage_n in_o our_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o it_o fly_v not_o to_o a_o unknown_a power_n as_o a_o plastic_a one_o or_o a_o anima_fw-la mundi_fw-la who_o operation_n be_v not_o know_v but_o give_v we_o a_o mechanical_a account_n of_o thing_n for_o the_o former_a give_v no_o more_o satisfaction_n than_o if_o one_o be_v tell_v that_o a_o watch_n tell_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n because_o make_v by_o such_o a_o man_n whereas_o the_o true_a reason_n be_v because_o the_o part_n so_o place_v together_o be_v in_o motion_n and_o the_o same_o instance_n may_v serve_v to_o show_v we_o the_o deficiency_n of_o the_o hypostatical_a principle_n beside_o ingredient_n by_o a_o bare_a mixture_n be_v able_a to_o effect_v nothing_o nor_o able_a to_o work_v upon_o each_o other_o without_o motion_n those_o principle_n themselves_o appear_v to_o be_v only_o different_a modes_n of_o matter_n vary_v by_o our_o hypothesis_n to_o conclude_v there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o phaenomenon_n which_o any_o hypothesis_n be_v able_a to_o explain_v but_o a_o more_o intelligible_a account_n may_v be_v give_v by_o the_o follow_v plate_n .1_o vol._n iii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 39_o 4._o p._n 17_o fig_n 5_o p_o 317._o fig_n 6._o p_o 37._o fig_n 2_o p_o 37._o fig_n 7._o p_o 3â—_n fig_n 3_o p_o 36._o p_o 314._o p_o 314._o p_o 314._o p_o 314._o plate_n .2_o vol._n iii_o p_o 281._o fig_n 1._o fig_n 2._o p_o 285_o fig_n 3._o p_o 285._o fig_n 4._o p_o 288._o fig_n 5._o p_o 290._o fig_n 6._o p_o 293._o fig_n 8._o p_o 295._o fig_n 7._o p_o 294._o plate_n .3_o vol._n iii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 296_o fig_n 2._o p_o 296._o fig_n 3._o p_o 297._o fig_n 4._o p_o 297._o fig_n 5_o p_o 299._o fig_n 6._o fig_n 7._o p_o 301._o fig_n 8._o plate_n .4_o vol._n iii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 303_o p_o 303._o fig_n 2._o p_o 305_o fig_n 3._o fig_n 4._o p_o 305._o fig_n 5._o p_o 307._o p_o 309_o fig_n 6._o fig_n 7._o p_o 309._o fig_n 8._o p_o 310._o plate_n .5_o vol_n iii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 329._o the_o work_n of_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boil_v esq_n epitomise_v a_o appendix_n to_o book_n iu._n chap._n i._o of_o the_o mechanical_a production_n of_o cold._n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o heat_n and_o cold_a cold._n experiment_n concern_v the_o mechanical_a origin_n of_o cold._n which_o be_v general_o esteem_v two_o of_o the_o most_o active_a quality_n may_v be_v mechanical_o produce_v or_o destroy_v by_o a_o bare_a change_n of_o texture_n or_o by_o alteration_n otherwise_o mechanical_o bring_v on_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o peripatetic_a doctrine_n of_o substantial_a form_n or_o the_o hypostatical_a principle_n of_o the_o chemist_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n i._n sal-armoniac_a a_o solution_n of_o sal-armoniac_a have_v dissolve_v salarmoniack_a in_o four_o time_n its_o quantity_n of_o water_n whilst_o the_o mixture_n be_v a_o stir_v and_o the_o salt_n dissolve_v the_o water_n acquire_v such_o a_o degree_n of_o coldness_n as_o to_o congeal_v water_n with_o which_o the_o bottle_n be_v wet_a on_o the_o outside_n into_o ice_n but_o after_o a_o dissolution_n of_o that_o salt_n the_o coldness_n gradual_o decline_v experiment_n ii_o to_o try_v whether_o the_o coldness_n which_o the_o former_a mixture_n acquire_v do_v not_o rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o effect_n which_o the_o water_n have_v on_o the_o saline_a part_n than_o on_o the_o dispersion_n of_o those_o saline_n part_n through_o the_o water_n i_o immerge_v a_o thermoscope_n in_o water_n which_o be_v so_o warm_a as_o to_o make_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n ascend_v but_o the_o same_o thermoscope_n be_v remove_v into_o powder_n of_o sal-armoniac_a warm_a it_o ascend_v much_o fast_o yet_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v convey_v into_o the_o liquor_n again_o and_o the_o salt_n pour_v into_o it_o it_o speedy_o begin_v to_o subside_o and_o sink_v a_o division_n and_o ¼_n below_o the_o mark_v it_o stand_v at_o in_o cold_a water_n remain_v at_o that_o station_n a_o considerable_a time_n and_o the_o same_o experiment_n succeed_v when_o try_v a_o second_o time_n experiment_n iii_o have_v immerse_v a_o thermoscope_n in_o spirit_n of_o salt_n i_o pour_v spirit_n of_o fermented_a urine_n leisurely_o upon_o it_o and_o observe_v that_o the_o mixture_n by_o a_o mutual_a conflict_n grow_v hot_a urine_n a_o thermoscope_n immerse_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o fermented_a urine_n sensible_o raise_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o be_v do_v and_o a_o salt_n obtain_v from_o the_o evaporate_v mixture_n not_o much_o unlike_a salarmoniack_a it_o be_v careful_o dry_v and_o be_v put_v into_o water_n in_o which_o a_o thermoscope_n be_v place_v upon_o its_o dissolution_n
whilst_o it_o be_v stir_v about_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n gradual_o subside_v experiment_n iu._n etc._n another_o immerse_v in_o spirit_n of_o roch_n allom_n etc._n etc._n have_v pour_v as_o much_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o roch_n allom_n into_o a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o globulous_a part_n of_o a_o thermoscope_n when_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v equal_o cool_v with_o the_o air_n about_o it_o we_o pour_v into_o it_o a_o volatile_a salt_n obtain_v by_o sublimation_n from_o salarmoniack_a and_o a_o fix_a alcali_n and_o though_o upon_o the_o joint_a action_n of_o these_o two_o body_n a_o considerable_a noise_n be_v raise_v with_o bubble_n and_o froth_n yet_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n begin_v to_o subside_n and_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o till_o the_o spirit_n of_o allom_n be_v whole_o glut_v with_o the_o volatile_a salt_n the_o whole_a descent_n be_v the_o length_n of_o a_o inch._n from_o this_o experiment_n and_o the_o forego_n it_o appear_v that_o when_o alcaly_n and_o acid_n produce_v heat_n upon_o a_o mutual_a conflict_n which_o ensue_v their_o mixture_n they_o have_v not_o that_o effect_n precise_o consider_v as_o such_o since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o a_o urinous_a salt_n mix_v with_o a_o acid_a spirit_n viz._n of_o roch_n allom_n produce_v coldness_n and_o not_o a_o true_a effervescence_n experiment_n v._n armon_n a_o thermoscope_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o sal_fw-la armon_n one_o part_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v shake_v together_o with_o twelve_o part_n of_o water_n the_o mixture_n acquire_v a_o little_a warmth_n but_o when_o it_o be_v cool_v be_v pour_v into_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n and_o a_o thermometer_n immerse_v in_o it_o when_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o thermoscope_n be_v equal_o cool_v with_o the_o external_a we_o pour_v in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o salarmoniack_a to_o glut_v the_o acid_n the_o effect_n of_o which_o mixture_n be_v that_o upon_o a_o cold_a ebullition_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n descend_v a_o inch._n experiment_n vi._n vitriol_n heat_v produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o saltpetre_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n though_o salt-peter_n usual_o produce_v a_o coldness_n in_o liquor_n yet_o eight_o ounce_n of_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o six_o of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o mixture_n acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n emit_v fume_n copious_o experiment_n vii_o water_n the_o effect_n of_o gunpowder_n mix_v with_o water_n though_o gunpowder_n be_v a_o body_n so_o inflammable_a yet_o it_o evident_o impart_v a_o coldness_n if_o mix_v with_o water_n if_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o salt_n former_o make_v use_v of_o before_o the_o oil_n have_v be_v mix_v with_o water_n it_o acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n a_o digression_n about_o potential_a coldness_n explain_v potential_a coldness_n mechanical_o explain_v potential_a coldness_n be_v usual_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o quality_n so_o absolute_a as_o not_o to_o be_v explicable_a without_o the_o doctrine_n of_o substantial_a form_n but_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o it_o may_v without_o any_o great_a difficulty_n be_v clear_o explain_v by_o mechanic_n principle_n if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o figure_n shape_n and_o texture_n of_o body_n may_v be_v so_o contrive_v as_o to_o lessen_v the_o usual_a and_o natural_a agitation_n of_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a and_o consequent_o the_o perception_n of_o this_o imminution_n may_v cause_v such_o a_o sensation_n as_o be_v usual_o term_v potential_a coldness_n which_o account_n be_v allow_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o potential_a coldness_n be_v only_o a_o relative_a quality_n depend_v on_o the_o dispersion_n of_o the_o agent_n through_o the_o body_n to_o be_v cool_v by_o they_o according_a to_o which_o notion_n the_o cold_a fit_n in_o ague_n may_v easy_o be_v conceive_v to_o arise_v from_o a_o intermixture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o some_o clammy_a matter_n which_o before_o a_o dissolution_n be_v unable_a to_o cause_v any_o considerable_a effect_n in_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n but_o present_o after_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o blood_n produce_v such_o a_o change_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n as_o affect_v the_o sensory_a with_o such_o a_o sensation_n as_o be_v usual_o esteem_v potential_a coldness_n which_o sensation_n may_v not_o only_o be_v so_o produce_v in_o ague_n but_o by_o a_o like_a cause_n in_o other_o distemper_n and_o in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o body_n as_o in_o hypochondriack_n and_o hysterical_a case_n to_o render_v which_o account_v more_o probable_a i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o the_o effect_n of_o poison_n that_o the_o small_a part_n of_o they_o be_v interperse_v through_o the_o part_n of_o humour_n previous_o dispose_v may_v cause_v a_o notable_a refrigeration_n and_o i_o myself_o have_v prepare_v a_o penetrate_a chemical_a liquor_n a_o drop_n of_o which_o be_v give_v to_o a_o animal_n will_v cast_v he_o into_o a_o seem_a sleep_n and_o a_o little_o large_a quantity_n be_v by_o mischance_n apply_v to_o a_o akeing_n tooth_n give_v the_o person_n a_o sort_n of_o tremble_a and_o almost_o a_o universal_a refrigeration_n and_o that_o coldness_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o the_o mixture_n of_o some_o subtle_a part_n of_o matter_n with_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n appear_v from_o the_o follow_a history_n famulum_fw-la habui_fw-la say_v benivenius_n cap._n 56._o abditorum_fw-la apud_fw-la schenk_n lib._n 7._o de_fw-la venen_fw-la obs_n 24._o qui_fw-fr a_fw-fr scorpione_n ictus_fw-la tam_fw-la subito_fw-la ac_fw-la tam_fw-la frigido_fw-la sudore_fw-la toto_fw-la corpore_fw-la perfusus_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la algentissima_fw-la nive_n atque_fw-la glacie_n seize_v opprimi_fw-la quereretur_fw-la verum_fw-la cum_fw-la algenti_fw-la illi_fw-la solam_fw-la theriacam_n ex_fw-la vino_fw-la potentiore_fw-la exhibuissem_fw-la illico_fw-la curatus_fw-la est_fw-la and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o relate_v by_o amatus_fw-la lusitanus_n cent._n 6._o obs_n vir_fw-la qui_fw-la a_o scorpione_n in_o manus_fw-la digito_fw-la punctus_fw-la fuit_fw-la multum_fw-la dolebat_fw-la &_o refrigeratus_fw-la totus_fw-la contremebat_fw-la &_o per_fw-la corpus_fw-la dolores_fw-la cute_fw-la tota_fw-la quasi_fw-la aut_fw-la puncta_fw-la formicantes_fw-la patiebatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n on_o what_o refrigeration_n depend_v on_o whether_o such_o refrigeration_n depend_v on_o a_o sort_n of_o coagulation_n of_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o the_o blood_n or_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o different_a determination_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o those_o liquor_n as_o to_o the_o line_n they_o move_v in_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o examine_v but_o shall_v rather_o offer_v it_o to_o be_v consider_v since_o the_o internal_a constitution_n of_o several_a part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v different_a from_o each_o other_o and_o since_o the_o size_n and_o texture_n of_o several_a agent_n be_v also_o various_a whether_o they_o may_v not_o upon_o that_o account_n have_v different_a effect_n upon_o distinct_a part_n of_o the_o body_n for_o all_o the_o quality_n of_o such_o agent_n do_v not_o whole_o depend_v on_o the_o action_n of_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o medicine_n only_o but_o depend_v on_o some_o adventitious_a quality_n which_o they_o acquire_v by_o be_v mix_v with_o particular_a humour_n and_o which_o they_o may_v dispose_v to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o work_v upon_o by_o the_o other_o efficient_n of_o heat_n or_o cold._n and_o these_o conjecture_n may_v not_o be_v render_v a_o little_a probable_a by_o observe_v that_o though_o spirit_n of_o wine_n inward_o take_v cause_n heat_v yet_o external_o it_o abate_v the_o heat_n of_o inflame_a part_n but_o have_v different_a effect_n on_o a_o tender_a eye_n and_o though_o internal_o five_o grain_n of_o camphire_n may_v diffuse_v heat_n through_o the_o whole_a body_n yet_o external_o it_o be_v use_v in_o refrigerate_a medicine_n how_o far_o these_o observation_n may_v be_v of_o service_n in_o determine_v whether_o camphire_n etc._n etc._n be_v hot_a or_o cold_a i_o shall_v leave_v to_o physician_n to_o consider_v and_o shall_v here_o only_o offer_v in_o proof_n that_o potential_a coldness_n be_v only_o a_o relative_a quality_n the_o follow_a particular_n viz._n that_o from_o the_o vi_o and_o vii_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o body_n to_o be_v work_v on_o the_o agent_n may_v have_v different_a quality_n as_o fume_n of_o lead_n may_v coagulate_v mercury_n though_o it_o have_v not_o a_o like_a effect_n on_o other_o liquor_n and_o further_o although_o salarmoniack_a and_o nitre_n be_v when_o separate_a cool_a and_o though_o the_o latter_a melt_v in_o a_o crucible_n take_v not_o fire_n of_o itself_o yet_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o salarmoniack_a it_o flash_v vehement_o but_o i_o shall_v leave_v this_o digression_n and_o proceed_v to_o experiment_n about_o cold._n experiment_n viii_o sal-armon_a oil_n of_o
than_o the_o air._n among_o several_a trial_n make_v with_o these_o weather-glass_n the_o follow_v be_v remarkable_a have_v cause_v a_o glass-egg_n with_o a_o stem_n such_o as_o fig._n 1._o plate_n 1._o delineate_n to_o be_v blow_v at_o a_o lamp_n the_o stem_n be_v dip_v in_o water_n admit_v into_o it_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o which_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v erect_v will_v subside_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n just_o where_o it_o rise_v from_o the_o egg_n and_o there_o it_o will_v stand_v but_o if_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v immerse_v whole_o in_o water_n or_o but_o half_a way_n in_o quicksilver_n the_o water_n will_v ascend_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o subside_o again_o when_o take_v out_o in_o this_o experiment_n several_a time_n repeat_v i_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v sudden_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o immerse_v in_o the_o quicksilver_n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v high_o but_o if_o it_o be_v first_o immerse_v in_o quicksilver_n and_o thence_o remove_v into_o water_n it_o will_v subside_o but_o not_o near_o so_o much_o as_o in_o the_o open_a air._n these_o trial_n be_v make_v the_o 26_o of_o june_n the_o wether_n be_v moderate_a but_o be_v repeat_v another_o day_n when_o it_o be_v windy_a and_o rainy_a the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n upon_o the_o immersion_n of_o the_o thermometer_n subside_v june_n 27_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n will_v subside_v when_o the_o thermometer_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n but_o ascend_v when_o it_o be_v depress_v into_o mercury_n yet_o when_o the_o water_n have_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o warm_a room_n some_o time_n till_o it_o be_v as_o warm_v to_o the_o touch_n as_o the_o quicksilver_n they_o will_v both_o of_o they_o immediate_o raise_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v in_o january_n in_o frosty_a wether_n the_o internal_a air_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a temper_n with_o the_o external_n when_o the_o thermometer_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o shallow_a vessel_n of_o water_n the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n be_v raise_v half_a a_o inch_n and_o when_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o a_o deep_a vessel_n it_o be_v raise_v as_o high_a again_o but_o soon_o subside_v when_o take_v out_o into_o the_o free_a air._n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o we_o may_v be_v different_o inform_v of_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a when_o we_o employ_v our_o organ_n of_o touch_n and_o when_o we_o make_v use_v of_o proper_a instrument_n on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o not_o only_a water_n but_o moist_a vapour_n in_o the_o air_n may_v cause_v it_o to_o seem_v cold_o to_o our_o sensory_n than_o common_o weather-glass_n discover_v it_o to_o be_v and_o though_o it_o be_v general_o agree_v that_o a_o themometer_n only_o more_o exact_o measure_v the_o effect_n which_o cold_a have_v upon_o it_o and_o our_o sensory_n yet_o i_o myself_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o wether_n have_v seem_v cold_a to_o i_o when_o the_o weatherglass_n agree_v not_o with_o the_o information_n my_o sense_n give_v i_o which_o that_o it_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o my_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v apparent_a since_o other_o be_v sensible_a of_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o take_v notice_n when_o bird_n and_o other_o animal_n who_o perception_n be_v more_o delicate_a than_o we_o seem_v to_o be_v affect_v with_o cold_a and_o likewise_o to_o examine_v the_o degree_n of_o coldness_n as_o well_o by_o experiment_n as_o by_o the_o touch._n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o i_o have_v deliver_v on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v what_o martinius_n in_o his_o piece_n of_o geography_n call_v atlas_n chinensis_n say_v speak_v of_o the_o air_n of_o that_o populous_a country_n his_o word_n be_v these_o ad_fw-la coeli_fw-la solique_fw-la temperiem_fw-la quod_fw-la attinet_fw-la majus_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la provincia_n frigus_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la illius_fw-la poscat_fw-la poli_fw-fr altitudo_fw-la vix_fw-la enim_fw-la illa_fw-la excedit_fw-la gradum_fw-la secundum_fw-la supra_fw-la quadragesimum_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la per_fw-la integros_fw-la quatuor_fw-la saepe_fw-la menses_fw-la flumina_fw-la omne_fw-la adeo_fw-la duro_fw-la concrescunt_fw-la gelu_fw-la ut_fw-la currus_fw-la equosque_fw-la ac_fw-la gravissima_fw-la etiam_fw-la onera_fw-la glacies_fw-la ferat_fw-la innoxie_n ac_fw-la securissime_fw-la transeant_fw-la exit_fw-la iis_fw-la etiam_fw-la ingentia_fw-la glaciei_fw-la frusta_fw-la excinduntur_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o futuram_fw-la aestatem_fw-la ad_fw-la delicias_fw-la servant_n his_o mensibus_fw-la omnes_fw-la nave_n ita_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la glacie_n defixae_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la progredi_fw-la nequeant_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la illas_fw-la frigus_fw-la occupo_fw-la quod_fw-la certo_fw-la certius_fw-la circa_fw-la medium_n novembris_fw-la ingruere_fw-la solet_fw-la per_fw-la quatuor_fw-la illos_fw-la menses_fw-la immotae_fw-la ibi_fw-la perstare_fw-la coguntur_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la resolvitur_fw-la glacies_fw-la ante_fw-la martii_fw-la initium_fw-la haec_fw-la plerunque_fw-la glaciei_fw-la concretio_fw-la uno_fw-la fit_a die_v cum_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la pluribus_fw-la fiat_fw-la liquefactio_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v what_o be_v more_o for_o our_o present_a purpose_n omnino_fw-la illud_fw-la mirum_fw-la tantum_fw-la non_fw-la videri_fw-la aut_fw-la sentiri_fw-la illud_fw-la frigus_fw-la ut_fw-la europaeos_fw-la ad_fw-la bypocausta_fw-la subeunda_fw-la videatur_fw-la posse_fw-la cogere_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o europa_n ad_fw-la glaciem_fw-la producendam_fw-la sufficere_fw-la unde_fw-la ad_fw-la subterraneas_fw-la illic_fw-la exhalationes_fw-la pro_fw-la harum_fw-la rerum_fw-la causis_fw-la indagandis_fw-la omnino_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o though_o i_o have_v urge_v the_o necessity_n and_o usefulness_n of_o weather-glass_n as_o preferable_a to_o the_o information_n we_o receive_v from_o our_o sense_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v not_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o same_o cause_n of_o uncertainty_n they_o be_v apt_a sometime_o to_o deceive_v we_o since_o in_o common_a weather-glass_n beside_o that_o the_o external_a or_o internal_a air_n may_v be_v rarify_v or_o condense_v by_o heat_n and_o cold_a the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o suspend_v liquor_n it_o may_v be_v boy_v up_o by_o a_o additional_a gravity_n as_o well_o as_o heat_n in_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la as_o we_o have_v experience_v by_o a_o statical_a baroscope_n who_o balance_n will_v turn_v with_o the_o 500th_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o likewise_o by_o convey_v a_o common_a weatherglass_n into_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o deep_a pit_n and_o at_o another_o time_n by_o raise_v it_o up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o church_n or_o steeple_n and_o compare_v it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o a_o more_o exact_a thermometer_n for_o by_o this_o method_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o common_a weatherglass_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o heat_n or_o cold_a but_o on_o the_o different_a altitude_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n incumbent_n on_o the_o water_n but_o beside_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n there_o may_v be_v other_o cause_n of_o the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o common_a weather-glass_n as_o well_o as_o heat_n and_o cold._a for_o not_o to_o urge_v that_o though_o the_o height_n of_o the_o same_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n shall_v seem_v unaltered_a the_o weatherglass_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o place_n yet_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o the_o copious_a dispersion_n of_o vapour_n and_o heavy_a steam_n through_o the_o air_n and_o also_o may_v be_v diminish_v upon_o a_o precipitation_n of_o those_o by_o dew_n or_o rain_n which_o effect_n may_v perhaps_o be_v false_o attribute_v to_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold._n to_o be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o i_o have_v here_o hint_v i_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o take_v two_o weather-glass_n of_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a length_n 3d._n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2d_o and_o 3d._n the_o division_n of_o one_o of_o which_o be_v half_a inch_n and_o those_o of_o the_o other_o not_o much_o less_o the_o one_o which_o be_v furnish_v with_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o be_v seal_v the_o other_o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o be_v not_o seal_v but_o be_v so_o contrive_v that_o the_o air_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n may_v rise_v with_o heat_n and_o fall_v with_o cold._n in_o these_o thermoscope_n i_o observe_v that_o in_o that_o which_o be_v seal_v the_o liquor_n regular_o ascend_v in_o warm_a wether_n and_o subside_v in_o cold_a but_o in_o the_o other_o there_o be_v a_o little_a hole_n leave_v open_a at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o though_o when_o the_o
atmosphere_n continue_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n it_o will_v regular_o rise_v and_o fall_v yet_o when_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v alter_v it_o will_v not_o exalt_o correspond_v with_o the_o other_o for_o as_o when_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o air_n be_v heavy_a than_o ordinary_a the_o liquor_n will_v not_o be_v raise_v high_a enough_o by_o heat_n the_o pressure_n of_o that_o air_n resist_v it_o so_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n when_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v light_a than_o ordinary_a the_o liquor_n in_o the_o unseal_v glass_n will_v rise_v too_o high_a so_o that_o by_o compare_v the_o two_o thermometer_n together_o 4._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 4._o i_o can_v tell_v whether_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o torrecellian_a tube_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 4_o be_v rise_v or_o fall_v and_o vice_n versa_fw-la the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n one_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n usual_o signify_v a_o great_a disparity_n betwixt_o the_o ascent_n or_o descent_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o two_o instrument_n the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o height_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o two_o thermometer_n last_o night_n be_v but_o 1_o or_o 2_o division_n to_o day_n the_o barometer_n make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o air_n be_v much_o light_a the_o liquor_n in_o the_o unseal_v thermoscope_n be_v at_o 58._o though_o in_o the_o other_o the_o number_n of_o the_o division_n it_o stand_v at_o be_v but_o 41_o yet_o a_o week_n ago_o when_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o barometer_n be_v much_o high_o and_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n stand_v at_o 46_o that_o in_o the_o other_o be_v no_o high_a than_o 27._o so_o that_o in_o a_o week_n time_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o seal_a thermoscope_n descend_v 5_o degree_n and_o that_o in_o the_o unseal_v one_o ascend_v 31._o at_o another_o time_n i_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o barometer_n be_v high_a than_o ordinary_a the_o liquor_n in_o the_o seal_a glass_n stand_v at_o the_o 50th_o division_n but_o in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v fall_v to_o 32_o in_o warm_a sun-shiny_a weather_n so_o that_o a_o unheeded_a change_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v have_v a_o great_a power_n to_o compress_v the_o include_v air_n in_o a_o unseal_v weatherglass_n than_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o warmth_n may_v have_v to_o dilate_v it_o and_o consequent_o it_o may_v happen_v in_o a_o ordinary_a weatherglass_n where_o the_o air_n be_v include_v at_o the_o top_n that_o the_o pendulous_a water_n may_v rise_v in_o warm_a weather_n and_o fall_v in_o cold_a weather_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o i_o have_v be_v say_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o even_o yesternight_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o barometer_n be_v at_o 39_o inch_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o seal_a barometer_n be_v at_o the_o 40th_o division_n and_o in_o the_o other_o at_o 39_o ½_n but_o this_o night_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o seal_a glass_n rise_v to_o 45_o the_o other_o be_v depress_v to_o 34_o ½_n the_o night_n follow_v the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v ¾_n of_o a_o inch_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o seal_a glass_n continue_v at_o the_o 40th_o division_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o other_o in_o two_o day_n time_n have_v be_v depress_v to_o the_o 17_o that_o be_v 23_o division_n two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o the_o mercury_n be_v rise_v to_o 30_o inch_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o seal_a glass_n be_v at_o 41_o the_o other_o be_v depress_v below_o the_o 9th_o division_n be_v 33_o division_n low_a than_o the_o other_o the_o day_n after_o the_o mercury_n continue_v at_o the_o same_o height_n and_o the_o weather_n grow_v much_o cold_a it_o subside_v uniform_o enough_o that_o in_o the_o seal_a glass_n subside_v to_o the_o 33_o and_o the_o other_o below_o the_o low_a mark_n of_o all_o which_o difference_n still_o continue_v so_o great_a betwixt_o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o two_o thermometer_n because_o the_o air_n to_o day_n be_v very_o heavy_a whereas_o at_o another_o time_n when_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o so_o heavy_a and_o the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o 29_o inch_n and_o less_o than_o a_o half_a the_o liquor_n in_o the_o hermetical_a glass_n stand_v at_o 34_o when_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o other_o be_v not_o below_o 41._o but_o once_o i_o observe_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o two_o weather-glass_n to_o be_v great_a than_o any_o i_o have_v record_v yet_o it_o be_v near_o 45_o division_n and_o a_o few_o hour_n ago_o i_o observe_v when_o the_o mercury_n in_o a_o baroscope_n have_v rise_v above_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n high_o than_o it_o be_v the_o night_n before_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v depress_v above_o a_o inch_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la liquor_n in_o the_o viol_n and_o in_o the_o night_n be_v so_o far_o depress_v that_o a_o bubble_n of_o the_o external_a air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o join_v with_o the_o common_a air_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o viol_n a_o effect_n which_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o season_n can_v not_o give_v one_o hope_n to_o expect_v the_o pipe_n in_o which_o the_o liquor_n be_v contain_v be_v 20_o inch_n long_o chap._n iii_o contain_v some_o new_a observation_n about_o the_o deficiency_n of_o weather-glass_n together_o with_o some_o consideration_n touch_v the_o new_a or_o hermetical_a thermometer_n weather-glass_n consider_v ation_n of_o the_o deficiency_n of_o weather-glass_n to_o excite_v man_n to_o great_a curiosity_n and_o industry_n in_o make_v thermometical_a experiment_n to_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a consideration_n and_o first_o in_o order_n to_o make_v our_o discourse_n and_o what_o we_o communicate_v to_o those_o that_o be_v at_o a_o distance_n more_o satisfactory_a 1._o consideration_n the_o 1._o we_o be_v not_o provide_v with_o a_o standard_n of_o cold_a to_o estimate_n and_o judge_v of_o the_o degree_n of_o it_o by_o for_o our_o sense_n be_v by_o no_o mena_n proper_a standard_n since_o the_o same_o body_n that_o feel_v cold_a to_o one_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o coldness_n to_o another_o nor_o can_v thermometer_n be_v give_v as_o standard_n since_o they_o only_o show_v how_o far_o the_o air_n recede_v from_o that_o degree_n of_o heat_n or_o colndess_n wherein_o they_o be_v make_v and_o give_v we_o no_o satisfactory_a account_n of_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n at_o other_o time_n nor_o do_v they_o inform_v we_o how_o to_o express_v it_o so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a thing_n if_o not_o impossible_a to_o give_v a_o true_a standard_n of_o coldness_n beside_o it_o be_v a_o quality_n for_o who_o difference_n there_o be_v very_o few_o distinct_a name_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o intermediate_n degree_n of_o cold_a betwixt_o lukewarm_a and_o freeze_a aâ—…_n as_o well_o as_o several_a degree_n of_o each_o of_o those_o quality_n for_o which_o we_o have_v no_o name_n assign_v and_o indeed_o the_o observation_n make_v by_o a_o weatherglass_n be_v so_o confine_v that_o if_o a_o glass_n chance_v to_o crack_v or_o some_o bubble_n of_o air_n get_v in_o we_o be_v force_v to_o look_v out_o for_o another_o instrument_n as_o a_o standard_n of_o the_o air_n be_v heat_v or_o coldness_n and_o further_o though_o it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o include_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n another_o body_n instead_o of_o air_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v do_v without_o be_v liable_a to_o receive_v impression_n from_o the_o atmosphere_n when_o first_o put_v up_o but_o though_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o get_v a_o standard_n of_o cold_a for_o to_o judge_v of_o its_o degree_n by_o yet_o i_o have_v sometines_n think_v that_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n which_o be_v coagulate_v in_o cold_a and_o thaw_v again_o in_o warm_a wether_n water_n a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n propose_v to_o 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air_n overpower_v the_o weaken_a spring_n of_o the_o internal_a in_o favour_n of_o this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n 5._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 5._o and_o first_o have_v fill_v a_o vial_n capable_a of_o hold_v five_o or_o six_o ounce_n half_a full_a see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 5._o and_o have_v invert_v a_o glass_n tube_n into_o it_o about_o 10_o inch_n long_o much_o big_a than_o a_o swan_n quill_n it_o be_v first_o seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o fill_v with_o water_n the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vial_n be_v close_v with_o cement_n so_o that_o the_o external_n and_o internal_a air_n have_v no_o communication_n with_o each_o other_o it_o be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n till_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vial_n begin_v to_o freeze_v yet_o notwithstanding_o so_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o refrigeration_n the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n do_v not_o at_o all_o descend_v so_o that_o either_o the_o air_n be_v not_o condense_v by_o cold_a or_o the_o water_n descend_v not_o to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n the_o glass_n be_v leave_v in_o this_o posture_n in_o our_o absence_n the_o seal_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n fly_v off_o be_v beat_v out_o by_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n have_v fix_v another_o pipe_n as_o the_o former_a which_o be_v some_o inch_n long_o and_o draw_v very_o slender_a at_o the_o seal_a end_n that_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v break_v this_o be_v set_v to_o freeze_v as_o the_o other_o yet_o the_o water_n descend_v not_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass-tube_n be_v break_v off_o the_o external_a air_n press_v upon_o the_o water_n and_o by_o the_o intercourse_n of_o that_o upon_o the_o air_n the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n subside_v 8_o or_o 10_o inch_n but_o rise_v
sublimate_n make_v with_o common_a sublimate_n and_o salarmoniack_a nay_o and_o with_o both_o loaf_n and_o kitchin-sugar_n as_o likewise_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o pot-ash_n mix_v with_o snow_n do_v freeze_v though_o very_o faint_o and_o both_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o pot-ash_n agitate_a with_o snow_n in_o a_o small_a vial_n produce_v film_n of_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n though_o very_o thin_a one_o 9_o a_o sweet_a solution_n of_o minium_n in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n mix_v with_o snow_n excite_v the_o frigorifick_a quality_n of_o it_o yet_o some_o of_o that_o solution_n be_v enclose_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v not_o be_v freeze_v by_o they_o snow_n shut_v up_o alone_o thaw_v much_o more_o slow_o than_o that_o which_o be_v mix_v with_o salt_n or_o spirit_n no_o salt_n will_v promote_v the_o frigorifick_a quality_n of_o snow_n so_o far_o as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v which_o quicken_v not_o its_o dissolution_n neither_o crystal_n of_o tartar_n nor_o borax_n both_o beat_v to_o powder_n nor_o sublimate_n will_v enable_v snow_n to_o freeze_v as_o well_o as_o the_o powder_n of_o each_o lie_v undissolved_a in_o it_o 10._o water_n of_o quicklime_n be_v twice_o try_v will_v not_o freeze_v but_o only_o gather_v a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n yet_o the_o liquor_n be_v keep_v up_o 12_o month_n the_o spirit_n with_o which_o those_o water_n abound_v fly_v away_o 11._o oil_n of_o turpentine_n in_o which_o ice_n dissolve_v slow_a than_o in_o several_a other_o liquor_n enable_v not_o snow_n to_o freeze_v though_o spirit_n of_o wine_n shut_v up_o with_o snow_n in_o a_o bottle_n enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v powerful_o and_o to_o chrystalize_v even_o urine_n itself_o which_o may_v be_v take_v off_o in_o scale_n 12._o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o snow_n be_v mix_v together_o in_o a_o just_a proportion_n freeze_v very_o powerful_o and_o speedy_o not_o only_a water_n but_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o weak_a spirit_n of_o salt_n the_o first_o of_o which_o retain_v its_o taste_n when_o freeze_v and_o the_o latter_a shot_n into_o crystal_n which_o lay_v across_o each_o other_o a_o solution_n of_o salarmoniack_a partly_o evaporate_v will_v shoot_v into_o crystal_n like_o comb_n and_o feather_n and_o salarmoniack_a distil_v from_o quicklime_n will_v shoot_v into_o branch_n almost_o like_o those_o so_o nimble_o that_o one_o eye_n may_v discern_v they_o to_o spread_v and_o increase_v the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o wine_n and_o strong_a ale_n succeed_v but_o very_o faint_o 13._o since_o body_n general_o help_v snow_n to_o freeze_v which_o hasten_v its_o dissolution_n we_o throw_v into_o a_o vial_n which_o contain_v snow_n heat_a sand_n which_o enable_v it_o to_o cause_v a_o dew_n but_o not_o to_o freeze_v and_o warm_a water_n pour_v into_o another_o when_o it_o have_v be_v shake_v produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o gather_v dew_n but_o freeze_v it_o not_o 14._o though_o it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o the_o hoar-froast_a on_o glass-window_n be_v only_a exsudation_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o freeze_v by_o the_o external_n cold_a yet_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v rather_o on_o the_o inside_n the_o glass_n the_o steam_n which_o rove_v up_o and_o down_o the_o room_n be_v condense_v by_o the_o external_n cold_a and_o freeze_v 15._o to_o show_v that_o the_o ice_n which_o appear_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vial_n in_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n proceed_v not_o from_o any_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o mixture_n penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o settle_v on_o the_o outside_n we_o find_v that_o four_o ounce_n and_o ¼_n of_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o vial_n by_o the_o access_n of_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o weight_n of_o it_o be_v increase_v 12_o grain_n another_o vial_n which_o contain_v two_o ounce_n six_o dram_fw-la and_o a_o half_a increase_v in_o weight_n 4_o grain_n the_o vial_n be_v unseal_v under_o water_n it_o suck_v in_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o it_o six_o ounce_n snow_n and_o salt_n be_v seal_v up_o in_o a_o glass_n the_o hoar-frost_n be_v wipe_v off_o but_o return_v again_o and_o the_o vial_n be_v counterpoise_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n the_o vapour_n condense_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o it_o in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o snow_n be_v melt_v weigh_v 10_o grain_n a_o like_a quantity_n of_o snow_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o single_a vial_n the_o outside_n be_v present_o cover_v with_o ice_n and_o in_o all_o it_o become_v 7_o grain_n heavy_a than_o before_o another_o time_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o weigh_v 3_o ¾_n ounce_n afford_v 18_o grain_n of_o condense_a vapour_n and_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salgem_n which_o counterpoise_v 3_o ounce_n and_o 70_o grain_n upon_o a_o additional_a weight_n of_o condense_a vapour_n weigh_v 20_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o title_n ii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v freeze_v of_o body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v without_o any_o more_o than_o bare_o intimate_v that_o there_o be_v several_a body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v by_o one_o degree_n of_o cold_a that_o be_v not_o with_o another_o i_o shall_v observe_v 1._o that_o in_o very_o cold_a snowy_a wether_n water_n urine_n beer_n ale_n milk_n vinegar_n french_a and_o rhenish_a wine_n be_v either_o total_o or_o partly_o turn_v into_o ice_n but_o beside_o these_o more_o obvious_a instance_n we_o freeze_v a_o solution_n of_o sugar_n and_o another_o of_o gum_n arabic_a in_o water_n a_o solution_n of_o alum_n nitre_n and_o vinegar_n freeze_v without_o afford_v any_o considerable_a phaenomena_n a_o solution_n of_o vitriol_n be_v in_o part_n freeze_v and_o in_o part_n unfreeze_v that_o which_o be_v freeze_v being_n not_o much_o different_a in_o colour_n from_o water_n but_o the_o unfreeze_v part_n be_v of_o a_o very_a high_a vitriol-colour_n 2._o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n expose_v to_o a_o intense_a fire_n both_o of_o they_o freeze_v 3._o a_o drachm_n of_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v in_o two_o ounce_n of_o water_n present_o freeze_v in_o a_o intense_a cold_a and_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la or_o at_o least_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o tartar_n be_v congeal_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n appendix_n to_o the_o ii_o title_n oil_n become_v much_o more_o hard_a in_o muscovy_n than_o here_o in_o england_n in_o the_o most_o excessive_a cold_n but_o will_v in_o neither_o be_v turn_v into_o perfect_a ice_n and_o captain_n james_n speak_v of_o a_o island_n where_o he_o and_o his_o man_n be_v force_v to_o winter_n pag._n 58_o say_v all_z our_o sack_n vinegar_n oil_n and_o every_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v liquid_a be_v now_o freeze_v as_o hard_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n and_o we_o must_v cut_v it_o with_o a_o hatchet_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n gent._n sept._n hist_o l._n 11._o c._n 24_o say_v speak_v of_o the_o fight_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v on_o the_o ice_n in_o the_o northern_a region_n glacialis_fw-la congressus_fw-la fit_a in_fw-la laneis_fw-la calcibus_fw-la non_fw-la pellibus_fw-la aut_fw-la coriis_fw-la unctis_fw-la vis_fw-fr enim_fw-la frigoris_fw-la quodcunque_fw-la fit_a unctuosum_fw-la convertit_fw-la in_o lubricitatem_fw-la glacialem_fw-la there_o be_v a_o great_a similitude_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o inflammability_n and_o be_v dispose_v to_o mix_v with_o oily_a body_n and_o as_o great_a a_o aptitude_n in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o mix_v with_o other_o liquor_n i_o inquire_v of_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n what_o alteration_n he_o have_v observe_v to_o be_v produce_v by_o cold_a in_o muscovy_n to_o which_o he_o answer_v that_o aniseed_n and_o other_o weak_a spirit_n will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o imperfect_a kind_n of_o ice_n and_o that_o strong_a one_o will_v turn_v ice_n into_o a_o kind_n of_o substance_n like_o oil_n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o ii_o title_n 1_o in_o a_o very_a hard_a frost_n in_o december_n a_o solution_n of_o minium_n near_o the_o fire_n seem_v to_o be_v freeze_v though_o it_o be_v make_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o so_o strong_a that_o part_n of_o it_o be_v shoot_v into_o saccharum_n saturni_n some_o at_o the_o top_n which_o be_v yellow_a do_v not_o freeze_v though_o pour_v out_o 2._o a_o solution_n of_o gold_n make_v with_o salt_n be_v likewise_o freeze_v as_o also_o a_o pint-vial_n full_a of_o the_o tincture_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la which_o be_v freeze_v the_o ice_n have_v no_o such_o colour_n as_o the_o tincture_n 3._o it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o russia_n brandy_n will_v freeze_v but_o the_o ice_n of_o it_o be_v
not_o so_o hard_a as_o common_a ice_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o moscow_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v freeze_v leave_v some_o dissolve_v in_o the_o middle_n which_o be_v much_o strong_a than_o ordinary_a brandy_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o russia_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o have_v wine_n freeze_v french_a brandy_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o russia_n freeze_v and_o salad-oil_n become_v as_o hard_o as_o tallow_n but_o water_n at_o the_o same_o time_n do_v not_o freeze_v title_n iii_o experiment_n touch_v body_n indispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v freeze_v body_n not_o dispose_v to_o freeze_v 1._o the_o subtle_a part_n of_o several_a body_n be_v bring_v over_o by_o distillation_n will_v not_o freeze_v by_o such_o a_o application_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n as_o freeze_v other_o body_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v aquafortis_n spirit_n of_o nitre_n of_o salt_n oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o chemical_a oil_n we_o have_v then_o in_o possession_n spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o of_o other_o fermented_a liquor_n and_o sack_n if_o good_a will_v scarce_o freeze_v but_o the_o inflammable_a part_n be_v spend_v by_o burn_v it_o will_v easy_o freeze_v 2._o two_o drachm_n of_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v in_o a_o ounce_n of_o water_n the_o mixture_n will_v not_o freeze_v though_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v cover_v with_o ice_n at_o another_o time_n a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n will_v not_o freeze_v though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v do_v 3._o that_o common_a express_v oil_n of_o vegetable_n will_v freeze_v after_o their_o manner_n and_o curdle_n in_o cold_a wether_n be_v common_o observe_v yet_o train-oyl_n which_o be_v usual_o make_v of_o the_o fat_a of_o whale_n by_o the_o help_n of_o fire_n continue_v fluid_a in_o wether_n that_o be_v very_o sharp_a but_o in_o a_o excessive_a cold_a night_n it_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n which_o seem_v to_o disfavour_v what_o olaus_n magnus_n write_v who_o say_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a region_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o cast_v train-oyl_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o their_o ditch_n to_o keep_v the_o water_n from_o freeze_a and_o thereby_o unpassable_a the_o oil_n as_o he_o say_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o congeal_v with_o cold_a but_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o train-oyl_n he_o speak_v of_o be_v the_o same_o as_o be_v use_v by_o the_o swede_n laplander_n and_o muscovite_n and_o whether_o they_o have_v a_o different_a way_n in_o keep_v of_o it_o or_o not_o 4._o though_o a_o solution_n of_o sugar_n will_v freeze_v yet_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o sugar_n of_o lead_n will_v not_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v remarkable_a since_o the_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n itself_o will_v freeze_v beside_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v some_o water_n in_o the_o solution_n and_o the_o sugar_n be_v but_o a_o vitriol_n of_o lead_n it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o it_o shall_v not_o freeze_v as_o well_o as_o common_a vitriol_n though_o in_o this_o latter_a concrete_a metal_n be_v corrode_v by_o a_o spirit_n which_o if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o liquor_n afford_v in_o distillation_n be_v very_o much_o sharp_a and_o strong_a than_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n 5._o quicksilver_n will_v not_o freeze_v in_o the_o sharp_a air_n though_o expose_v to_o it_o in_o very_o thin_a glass_n and_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o a_o little_a quantity_n of_o it_o make_v a_o large_a surface_n 6._o a_o very_a sharp_a frost_n be_v not_o able_a to_o freeze_v a_o strong_a brine_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n other_o saline_a solution_n be_v congeal_v but_o a_o solution_n consist_v of_o twenty_o part_n of_o water_n and_o one_o of_o salt_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o very_a sharp_a night_n the_o ice_n swim_v at_o the_o top_n in_o figure_n almost_o like_a broom_n spread_v from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n downward_o the_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o this_o water_n be_v double_a the_o proportion_n of_o that_o which_o be_v usual_o in_o sea-water_n i_o thaw_v ice_n of_o salt-water_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o dissolve_a ice_n will_v be_v fresh_a or_o not_o but_o it_o retain_v a_o little_a brackishness_n which_o i_o suppose_v it_o receive_v from_o the_o contiguous_a brine_n though_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o amsterdam_n they_o make_v use_v of_o thaw_a ice_n instead_o of_o common_a fresh_a water_n in_o brew_v and_o bartholinus_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la cap._n 6._o p._n 42._o say_v de_fw-fr glacie_n ex_fw-la marina_fw-la aqua_fw-la certum_fw-la est_fw-la si_fw-la resolvatur_fw-la salsum_fw-la saporem_fw-la deposuisse_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la non_fw-la ità _fw-la pridem_fw-la expertus_fw-la est_fw-la cl._n jacobus_n fincbius_n academiae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la senior_fw-la &_o physices_fw-la professor_n benemeritus_fw-la in_fw-la glaciei_fw-la frustis_fw-la è_fw-la portu_fw-la nostro_fw-la allatis_fw-la particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o iii_o title_n 1._o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a make_v with_o quicklime_n volatile_a oil_n of_o amber_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v expose_v two_o night_n and_o a_o day_n freeze_v not_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v and_o spr._n sanguinis_fw-la humani_fw-la be_v freeze_v swell_v so_o much_o as_o to_o force_v out_o the_o cork_n 2._o unrectify_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o bottle_n will_v not_o freeze_v but_o another_o portion_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o earthen_a porringer_n do_v 3._o i_o be_o inform_v that_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n of_o water_n in_o scotland_n out_o of_o which_o a_o small_a river_n run_v the_o water_n of_o both_o which_o be_v never_o freeze_v but_o dissolve_v snow_n or_o ice_n if_o cast_v into_o it_o 4._o salad-oil_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o keep_v the_o lock_n of_o gun_n from_o freeze_a hinder_v they_o from_o be_v discharge_v but_o oil_n of_o hemp_n or_o train-oyl_n keep_v they_o from_o freeze_a title_n iu_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o several_a body_n body_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o several_a body_n to_o discover_v the_o different_a degree_n of_o cold_a we_o have_v propose_v several_a thermometer_n in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n concern_v which_o we_o shall_v add_v this_o advertisement_n viz._n that_o though_o those_o which_o be_v to_o be_v immerse_v in_o liquor_n have_v the_o ball_n end_n round_o yet_o when_o we_o be_v to_o try_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a of_o consistent_a powder_n it_o be_v better_a to_o make_v use_n of_o such_o as_o have_v flat_a bottom_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o stand_v on_o their_o own_o basis_n for_o so_o it_o will_v be_v pleasant_a to_o see_v the_o suspend_v bubble_n in_o one_o of_o our_o thermometer_n rise_v and_o fall_v as_o it_o be_v remove_v from_o one_o body_n to_o another_o 2._o freeze_a have_v be_v so_o general_o esteem_v the_o utmost_a effect_n of_o cold_a that_o most_o have_v be_v content_a without_o examine_v strict_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o it_o nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o very_o easy_o do_v since_o if_o we_o do_v it_o with_o common_a weather-glass_n it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a thing_n to_o distinguish_v whether_o the_o cold_a of_o one_o day_n exceed_v that_o of_o another_o since_o there_o intervening_a so_o much_o time_n betwixt_o the_o observation_n the_o alteration_n may_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o increase_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o shall_v we_o make_v a_o estimate_n by_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n we_o shall_v easy_o be_v mistake_v since_o it_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o different_a sensation_n of_o cold_a which_o we_o perceive_v depend_v on_o the_o various_a disposition_n of_o our_o body_n but_o allow_v that_o vulgar_a thermometer_n may_v give_v we_o a_o true_a information_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a which_o nature_n afford_v yet_o they_o acquaint_v we_o not_o whether_o art_n may_v not_o produce_v great_a much_o less_o will_v they_o help_v we_o to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o this_o disparity_n and_o though_o we_o may_v make_v some_o guess_n by_o the_o operation_n of_o cold_a on_o liquor_n expose_v to_o it_o yet_o some_o as_o aqueous_a liquor_n freeze_v too_o soon_o and_o vinous_a liquor_n here_o in_o england_n will_v not_o freeze_v at_o all_o except_z french_z wine_n which_o happen_v seldom_o and_o leave_v too_o great_a a_o interval_n betwixt_o the_o degree_n necessary_a to_o congeal_v wine_n and_o sufficient_a to_o freeze_v water_n beside_o the_o uncertainty_n proceed_v from_o the_o several_a strength_n of_o wine_n wherefore_o to_o discover_v the_o intensity_n of_o cold_a produce_v by_o art_n above_o the_o high_a degree_n that_o nature_n afford_v 1._o see_v plate_n 1._o fig._n 1._o we_o furnish_v a_o seal_a weatherglass_n such_o as_o plate_n 1_o fig._n 1._o delineates_n with_o
spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o immerse_v the_o ball_n and_o part_n of_o the_o stem_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n which_o be_v half_o bury_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o about_o the_o side_n the_o liquor_n be_v subside_v to_o 5_o 2_o â—_o division_n each_o division_n be_v half_o a_o inch_n and_o then_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o apply_v to_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v to_o 1_o ½_n division_n to_o this_o we_o shall_v add_v another_o which_o show_v that_o the_o water_n though_o freeze_v be_v warm_a than_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n when_o the_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v apply_v to_o it_o jan._n 15_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o water_n till_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v descend_v to_o 5_o ½_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v first_o brisk_o and_o then_o more_o gradual_o till_o it_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stem_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o water_n again_o it_o ascend_v to_o the_o same_o height_n the_o water_n have_v before_o depress_v it_o to_o for_o a_o further_a trial_n how_o much_o liquor_n may_v be_v condense_v by_o cold_a we_o take_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n rectify_v in_o a_o gentle_a heat_n and_o have_v weigh_v a_o glass-ball_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n it_o be_v one_o ounce_n one_o dram_n five_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a we_o pour_v on_o it_o so_o much_o of_o the_o turpentine_n as_o increase_v the_o weight_n to_o two_o ounce_n seven_o dram_fw-la and_o thirty_o four_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a which_o reach_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o stem_n we_o mark_v the_o superficies_n with_o a_o diamond_n after_o which_o we_o pour_v a_o dram_n more_o in_o and_o successive_o more_o still_o mark_v how_o high_a each_o parcel_n which_o be_v weigh_v exact_o wrought_v in_o the_o stem_n till_o the_o additional_a weight_n increase_v the_o former_a to_o three_o ounce_n one_o dram_n four_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a and_o then_o take_v a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n with_o water_n in_o it_o we_o immerge_v the_o weatherglass_n in_o the_o water_n as_o before_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o it_o be_v contain_v be_v first_o encompass_v with_o snow_n and_o salt_n when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v we_o mark_v the_o stem_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o contain_v the_o oil_n at_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o subside_v and_o then_o convey_v it_o into_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n when_o it_o have_v subside_v as_o low_a as_o it_o can_v we_o mark_v the_o superficies_n and_o then_o remove_v it_o into_o the_o air_n till_o it_o rise_v to_o its_o first_o station_n and_o then_o we_o pour_v so_o much_o of_o the_o oil_n out_o into_o another_o glass_n careful_o poise_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o oil_n remain_v at_o the_o mark_n which_o it_o subside_v to_o in_o the_o water_n and_o we_o find_v that_o the_o oil_n pour_v off_o weigh_v about_o 10_o grain_n and_o so_o much_o more_o be_v pour_v off_o as_o make_v it_o stand_v at_o the_o mark_n to_o which_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n depress_v it_o it_o weigh_v about_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a so_o that_o the_o oil_n be_v artificial_o condense_v so_o far_o that_o it_o subside_v as_o much_o after_o it_o have_v be_v condense_v by_o cold_a strong_a enough_o to_o freeze_v water_n as_o it_o be_v cause_v to_o fall_v by_o the_o force_n of_o that_o and_o by_o divide_v the_o whole_a proportion_n of_o oil_n by_o the_o number_n of_o grain_n who_o bulk_n it_o seem_v to_o lose_v by_o subside_v in_o water_n we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v condense_v by_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cold_a to_o a_o 94th_o part_n of_o its_o bulk_n and_o by_o divide_v it_o by_o the_o additional_a number_n of_o the_o grain_n more_o we_o find_v that_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n have_v condense_v it_o a_o 47th_o part_n of_o its_o bulk_n have_v circumscribe_v water_n moderate_o cold_a with_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n what_o it_o shrink_v be_v if_o not_o insensible_a inconsiderable_a to_o measure_v the_o differ_a weight_n and_o density_n of_o the_o same_o proportion_n of_o water_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o when_o extreme_o cold_a we_o weigh_v a_o glass-bubble_n in_o it_o which_o be_v heavy_a than_o water_n moderate_o cool_a and_o by_o the_o diminution_n of_o its_o weight_n in_o that_o medium_fw-la we_o find_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o hydrostaticks_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o portion_n of_o water_n of_o equal_a bulk_n and_o then_o weigh_v it_o in_o water_n cool_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n we_o be_v inform_v by_o a_o new_a decrement_n of_o its_o weight_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o that_o cold_a water_n by_o which_o we_o be_v enable_v to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o gravity_n and_o density_n acquire_v by_o the_o action_n of_o gold_n and_o by_o weigh_v the_o same_o bubble_n in_o the_o same_o water_n in_o hot_a 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of_o ice_n and_o salt_n 2_o hour_n it_o make_v a_o oblique_a crack_n in_o the_o barrel_n six_o inch_n long_o and_o the_o ice_n be_v take_v out_o seem_v full_a of_o bubble_n but_o very_o small_a one_o and_o the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o another_o barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n who_o muzzle_n and_o touchhole_n be_v stop_v up_o with_o metal_n nor_o have_v we_o less_o success_n when_o we_o bury_v a_o pewter_n bottle_n in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n both_o the_o barrel_n of_o the_o gun_n and_o the_o bottle_n be_v burst_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n title_n xii_o experiment_n concern_v a_o new_a way_n of_o estimate_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o congelation_n and_o of_o high_o compress_v air_n without_o engine_n congelation_n a_o new_a way_n of_o estimate_v the_o expanâ—…e_a force_n of_o congelation_n how_o far_o we_o be_v able_a to_o compress_v the_o air_n by_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n we_o have_v else_o where_o show_v but_o to_o reduce_v 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this_o way_n of_o try_v how_o far_o the_o air_n may_v be_v compress_v and_o water_n expanded_a by_o cold_a we_o think_v least_o exceptionable_a because_o the_o pore_n of_o glass_n be_v more_o impervious_a to_o air_n and_o water_n than_o some_o metalline_a vessel_n for_o have_v break_v open_a the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n of_o one_o of_o our_o glass-egg_n we_o find_v that_o though_o the_o water_n be_v but_o a_o little_a expanded_a yet_o not_o find_v a_o way_n out_o at_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o water_n rise_v up_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch._n title_n xiii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold._n cold._n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold._n in_o estimate_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold_a we_o be_v not_o only_o to_o consider_v the_o degree_n of_o it_o in_o the_o cold_a body_n but_o also_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v and_o the_o consistence_n and_o texture_n of_o it_o as_o likewise_o the_o instrument_n employ_v to_o receive_v or_o acquaint_v we_o with_o the_o action_n of_o cold_a since_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o weather-glass_n give_v we_o a_o more_o nice_a account_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o it_o and_o that_o our_o sensory_n may_v mis-inform_a we_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o various_a predisposition_n beside_o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n may_v be_v vary_v by_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o cold_a body_n 1._o but_o to_o consider_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o small_a piece_n of_o ice_n we_o have_v find_v it_o very_o small_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o odorous_a body_n insomuch_o that_o i_o be_o persuade_v we_o can_v have_v no_o sense_n of_o cold_a without_o the_o immediate_a contact_n of_o a_o cold_a body_n since_o ice_n approach_v our_o sensory_a or_o a_o weatherglass_n affect_v neither_o though_o hold_v as_o near_o as_o possible_o they_o may_v without_o touch_v and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v at_o sea_n where_o in_o foggy_a night_n the_o seaman_n have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v neighbour_a mountain_n of_o ice_n though_o by_o a_o merchant_n who_o make_v the_o observation_n in_o greenland_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o he_o perceive_v a_o manifest_a access_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n 2._o and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o ispahan_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o persia_n the_o ice_n be_v never_o much_o more_o than_o a_o finger_n thick_a they_o usual_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o which_o as_o it_o run_v over_o the_o ice_n be_v in_o part_n freeze_v by_o which_o mean_n they_o thicken_v the_o ice_n and_o preserve_v it_o in_o proper_a conservatory_n this_o experiment_n have_v be_v try_v in_o england_n by_o pump_v of_o water_n upon_o flake_n of_o ice_n i_o find_v that_o the_o pump-water_n be_v warm_a than_o the_o ice_n thaw_v it_o instead_o of_o increase_v the_o thickness_n of_o it_o and_o though_o here_o in_o england_n water_n pour_v upon_o snow_n promote_v its_o dissolution_n yet_o in_o russia_n and_o muscovy_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o water_n throw_v upon_o snow_n freeze_v it_o which_o they_o therefore_o make_v use_n of_o to_o incrustate_n several_a body_n with_o ice_n yet_o one_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o general_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v so_o violent_a as_o to_o incrustate_n several_a body_n with_o ice_n when_o only_a water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o so_o that_o in_o try_v such_o experiment_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o have_v a_o great_a influence_n in_o promote_a or_o vary_v the_o effect_n of_o such_o trial_n 3._o how_o deep_a frost_n penetrate_v into_o water_n and_o earth_n will_v be_v a_o very_a hard_a thing_n to_o determine_v since_o earth_n especial_o may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o dispose_v to_o freeze_v according_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o its_o duration_n the_o texâ—â—â—…_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o juice_n dâ—â—â—…ed_v through_o it_o or_o subterraneal_a steam_n whence_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v over_o some_o mine_n be_v always_o free_a from_o snow_n good_a quantity_n of_o limestone_n be_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n 4._o but_o though_o it_o be_v so_o difficult_a to_o know_v to_o what_o depth_n frost_n will_v reach_v yet_o that_o we_o may_v contribute_v as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v to_o the_o general_a history_n of_o cold_a we_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a note_n after_o four_o night_n hard_a frost_n the_o ground_n in_o the_o orchard_n be_v freeze_v about_o 3_o inch_n deep_a and_o in_o the_o
nitre_n beside_o since_o common_a salt_n co-operate_v with_o snow_n in_o the_o production_n of_o ice_n as_o well_o as_o salt-petre_n and_o according_a to_o democritus_n have_v part_n of_o a_o cubical_a figure_n which_o he_o assign_v to_o cold_a atom_n and_o since_o gassendus_fw-la observe_v that_o salt-petre_n consist_v of_o part_n not_o altogether_o so_o apt_a for_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a these_o figure_n be_v not_o pyramidal_a but_o prismatical_a i_o say_v since_o these_o circumstance_n all_o concur_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o common_a salt_n may_v not_o be_v number_v among_o those_o body_n that_o be_v apt_a to_o produce_v cold._n 14._o nay_o sometime_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o more_o violent_a degree_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o like_a coalition_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o salt_n so_o the_o coldness_n of_o snow_n be_v advance_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o nitre_n or_o common_a salt_n or_o other_o appropriate_v additament_n but_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v a_o doubt_n with_o i_o whether_o cold_a depend_v on_o any_o such_o saline_a exhalation_n or_o the_o effect_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o this_o scruple_n at_o present_a without_o any_o further_a notice_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o what_o i_o have_v say_v upon_o this_o title_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o confute_v what_o opinion_n i_o have_v mention_v as_o to_o show_v that_o they_o be_v doubtful_a one_o particular_a referrable_a to_o the_o xvii_o title_n i_o be_o tell_v by_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n that_o in_o the_o northern_a province_n of_o russia_n the_o earth_n be_v thaw_v but_o the_o depth_n of_o two_o foot_n and_o yet_o good_a corn_n grow_v upon_o it_o title_n xviii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o coldness_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o air._n air._n of_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air._n 1._o though_o gassendus_fw-la and_o several_a other_o assert_v that_o the_o air_n be_v indifferent_a as_o to_o cold_a and_o heat_n yet_o since_o cold_a be_v only_o a_o relative_n quality_n and_o since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o themselves_o in_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o agitation_n than_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v esteem_v cold_a for_o notwithstanding_o it_o may_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n by_o the_o adventitious_a effect_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n or_o fire_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o it_o natural_o tend_v to_o coolness_n itself_o again_o and_o as_o for_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n though_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o frigorifick_a atom_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o it_o yet_o i_o judge_v they_o not_o absolute_o or_o altogether_o requisite_a to_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a since_o a_o bare_a diminution_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v such_o a_o quality_n in_o high_a or_o more_o remiss_a degree_n 2._o but_o the_o principal_a intent_n of_o this_o section_n be_v to_o produce_v experiment_n and_o observation_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o former_a a_o seal_a weatherglass_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o it_o be_v enclose_v in_o a_o cylindrical_a receiver_n when_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v it_o subside_v the_o length_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n but_o rise_v again_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o which_o effect_n i_o attribute_v to_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o include_v air_n when_o the_o external_n be_v draw_v out_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n hot_a body_n external_o apply_v affect_v not_o the_o weatherglass_n but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o they_o cause_v the_o spirit_n to_o rise_v sensible_o 3._o to_o measure_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n by_o cold_a we_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o we_o enclose_v air_n in_o weather-glass_n hermetical_o seal_v which_o when_o it_o be_v artificial_o or_o natural_o refrigerated_a and_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n break_v open_a we_o can_v not_o discern_v by_o the_o water_n it_o receive_v that_o it_o be_v condense_v above_o a_o 30_o part_n of_o its_o former_a dimension_n a_o glass-egg_n be_v invert_v into_o salt_n water_n in_o a_o cold_a night_n the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o condense_v in_o it_o that_o the_o water_n rise_v five_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o jan._n 29_o the_o air_n extend_v into_o 2057_o space_n be_v in_o a_o frosty_a night_n contract_v to_o 1965_o space_n so_o that_o the_o great_a degree_n of_o condensation_n we_o can_v observe_v be_v a_o 22_o part_n and_o a_o little_a above_o a_o three_o but_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o elliptical_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o water_n rise_v 4_o inch_n high_o than_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n and_o the_o air_n be_v contract_v from_o 1965_o space_n to_o 1860_o so_o that_o the_o artificial_a cold_a contract_v be_v more_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o contraction_n which_o the_o natural_a cold_a produce_v than_o that_o condensation_n be_v in_o proportion_n to_o its_o natural_a temper_n or_o rather_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o coldness_n 4._o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o observation_n cold_a may_v hinder_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o air_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o snow_n in_o greenland_n all_o midsummer_n night_n and_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o muscovy_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o severe_a frost_n happen_v in_o the_o close_a of_o august_n and_o further_o capt._n weymouth_n say_v that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n when_o they_o sail_v not_o near_o the_o latitude_n of_o nova_n zembla_n their_o very_a sail_n and_o tackle_n be_v freeze_v to_o which_o we_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o english_a when_o they_o be_v sail_v to_o cherry-island_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o 74_o and_o 75_o degree_n latitude_n in_o july_n it_o freeze_v so_o hard_o that_o the_o ice_n hang_v upon_o their_o clothes_n 5._o as_o for_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o the_o air_n dr._n fletcher_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o russia_n if_o they_o go_v out_o of_o a_o warm_a room_n into_o the_o cold_a it_o make_v they_o breath_n with_o difficulty_n it_o be_v observe_v at_o moscow_n that_o water_n throw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n fall_v down_o congeal_v the_o air_n be_v so_o cold_a and_o at_o smolensko_n in_o russia_n the_o spital_n freeze_v before_o it_o can_v fall_v from_o one_o mouth_n to_o the_o ground_n 6._o i_o have_v observe_v the_o air_n grow_v sensible_o heavy_a in_o frosty_a wether_n but_o whether_o it_o depend_v on_o any_o frigorifick_a atom_n disperse_v through_o the_o air_n or_o not_o i_o shall_v leave_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o further_a trial_n in_o northern_a country_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o foggy_a wether_n present_o vanish_v when_o frost_n begin_v the_o moist_a vapour_n be_v by_o that_o condense_a and_o precipitate_v and_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o close_v up_o that_o other_o vapour_n be_v repress_v and_o keep_v from_o rise_v and_o the_o air_n have_v be_v by_o several_a observe_v to_o have_v be_v much_o more_o clear_a in_o the_o winter_n here_o in_o england_n and_o sweedland_n and_o elsewhere_o than_o at_o other_o time_n 7._o the_o refraction_n of_o luminary_n in_o the_o northern_a air_n in_o nova_n zembla_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o dutchman_n observe_v the_o sun_n to_o appear_v to_o they_o 14_o day_n soon_o than_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v and_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o observe_v the_o latitude_n of_o charlton-island_n to_o vary_v 52_o minute_n and_o the_o sun_n to_o rise_v 20_o minute_n soon_o than_o it_o ought_v to_o rise_v beside_o several_a instance_n of_o refraction_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o air._n 8._o to_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n we_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o relation_n and_o observation_n of_o navigator_n which_o we_o shall_v either_o propose_v as_o promiscuous_a or_o in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o three_o follow_a observation_n 1._o that_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n in_o several_a climate_n and_o country_n be_v nothing_o near_o so_o regular_o proportionate_a to_o their_o respective_a distance_n from_o the_o pole_n or_o their_o vicinity_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la as_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o presume_v it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o of_o place_n of_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a pole_n those_o near_o the_o latter_a be_v cold_o though_o in_o moscow_n the_o cold_a be_v almost_o intolerable_a yet_o in_o edinburgh_n which_o be_v a_o degree_n more_o northwards_o the_o air_n be_v temperate_a enough_o and_o the_o snow_n seldom_o lie_v on_o the_o ground_n mr._n pool_n in_o his_o northern_a voyage_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o do_v
one_o bowl_n in_o motion_n strike_v against_o another_o not_o in_o motion_n communicate_v as_o much_o of_o its_o motion_n as_o it_o can_v to_o the_o other_o and_o lose_v it_o be_v own_o and_o so_o the_o vapour_n and_o steam_n in_o a_o room_n in_o frosty_a wether_n strike_v against_o the_o glass-window_n be_v deprive_v of_o their_o motion_n and_o freeze_v which_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v much_o thick_a upon_o the_o glass_n in_o russia_n than_o here_o in_o england_n a_o note_n out_o of_o martinius_n in_o his_o account_n of_o china_n this_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o at_o peking_n though_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o elevate_v above_o 42_o degree_n yet_o for_o four_o month_n together_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o november_n the_o river_n be_v freeze_v in_o one_o day_n so_o that_o they_o bear_v coach_n and_o horse_n a_o note_v take_v out_o of_o martinius_n cromerus_n his_o polonia_n the_o cold_a be_v so_o violent_a in_o these_o country_n sometime_o that_o the_o tree_n wither_v at_o the_o root_n and_o water_n be_v freeze_v as_o it_o fall_v through_o the_o air_n and_o the_o water_n be_v freeze_v up_o for_o two_o month_n so_o that_o they_o bear_v horse_n load_v and_o coach_n and_o this_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o pass_v over_o the_o weisell_n in_o massovia_n with_o a_o coach_n and_o horse_n and_o other_o horseman_n and_o in_o prussia_n the_o fish_n in_o the_o ice_n begin_v after_o the_o begin_n of_o november_n and_o last_v till_o march_n be_v end_v another_o note_n out_o of_o the_o same_o 1._o they_o catch_v fish_n more_o commodious_o in_o winter_n than_o summer_n for_o break_v hole_n in_o several_a place_n in_o the_o ice_n a_o net_n be_v cast_v into_o one_o of_o they_o and_o rope_n fasten_v to_o it_o man_n with_o pole_n and_o horse_n draw_v the_o net_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o 2._o i_o be_o tell_v that_o at_o warsaw_n in_o twelve_o hour_n the_o water_n be_v freeze_v 4_o inch_n downward_o one_o that_o sail_v to_o make_v discovery_n beyond_o the_o arctic_a circle_n tell_v i_o he_o can_v eat_v as_o much_o in_o one_o day_n as_o in_o ten_o here_o and_o that_o after_o they_o have_v sail_v over_o a_o deep_a blue_a sea_n they_o come_v to_o one_o as_o black_a as_o ink_n which_o be_v sound_v it_o be_v above_o 70_o fathom_n sack_n be_v freeze_v and_o thaw_v again_o present_o lose_v its_o vigour_n 3._o in_o these_o part_v the_o frost_n penetrate_v the_o ground_n five_o foot_n and_o the_o ice_n in_o iberia_n in_o the_o river_n ob_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a thick_a there_o be_v there_o but_o twelve_o week_n in_o the_o whole_a year_n without_o frost_n the_o river_n have_v breathe_a place_n a_o mile_n long_o out_o of_o which_o fume_n ascend_v as_o out_o of_o a_o cellar_n when_o the_o door_n be_v open_v death_n by_o cold_a be_v not_o painful_a if_o it_o be_v intense_a cold_n dry_v excessive_o cleave_v the_o earth_n and_o cause_n timber_n to_o crack_v title_n xx._n experiment_n concern_v the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v and_o unfrozen_a unfrozen_a the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v and_o unfrozen_a 1._o to_o try_v whether_o body_n upon_o freeze_v will_v grow_v heavy_a since_o epicurus_n and_o other_o atomist_n suppose_v congelation_n to_o depend_v upon_o the_o crowd_v in_o of_o frigorifick_a atom_n we_o expose_v egg_n to_o be_v freeze_v all_o night_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n we_o find_v they_o have_v lose_v four_o grain_n of_o their_o weight_n which_o we_o suspect_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o avolition_n of_o some_o exhalation_n through_o the_o shell_n since_o at_o other_o time_n we_o observe_v that_o egg_n counterpoise_v lose_v eight_o grain_n of_o their_o weight_n in_o some_o process_n of_o time_n 2._o water_n freeze_v and_o weigh_v counterpoise_v a_o grain_n and_o a_o little_a more_o than_o when_o it_o be_v thaw_v but_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o a_o glass_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n hermetical_o seal_v when_o the_o water_n be_v freeze_v it_o be_v as_o heavy_a or_o heavy_a after_o it_o be_v thaw_v and_o the_o same_o equality_n of_o weight_n betwixt_o freeze_a and_o unfrozen_a water_n happen_v in_o other_o experiment_n 3._o stone_n be_v weigh_v after_o expose_v to_o the_o cold_a air_n and_o also_o in_o a_o warm_a air_n they_o seem_v to_o discover_v a_o increase_n of_o weight_n but_o i_o suspect_v it_o proceed_v from_o water_n imbibe_v into_o their_o pore_n since_o stone_n be_v observe_v to_o increase_v their_o weight_n in_o water_n and_o further_o because_o one_o that_o be_v well_o polish_v and_o not_o apt_a to_o imbibe_n water_n retain_v bare_o its_o own_o weight_n so_o that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o epicurean_a freeze_v must_v be_v invalid_a except_o he_o suppose_v the_o frigorifick_a atom_n like_o those_o of_o a_o loadstone_n to_o be_v without_o weight_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o xx_o title_n the_o foregoing_a experiment_n may_v not_o only_o satisfy_v we_o that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o epicurean_o be_v erroneous_a but_o may_v likewise_o help_v we_o to_o correct_v some_o extravagant_a relation_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n for_o helmont_n tell_v we_o that_o water_n thaw_v in_o a_o vessel_n hermetical_o seal_v be_v â…›_n heavy_a than_o before_o but_o perhaps_o this_o difference_n may_v in_o part_n depend_v on_o the_o access_n of_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n in_o opposition_n to_o what_o manalphus_n tell_v we_o i_o find_v that_o water_n freeze_v in_o a_o metalline_a porringer_n in_o one_o experiment_n lose_v 50_o in_o another_o 60_o grain_n of_o its_o weight_n which_o i_o attribute_v to_o a_o avolition_n of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n since_o when_o we_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o no_o water_n can_v steam_v out_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a increase_n or_o decrease_v in_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n freeze_v or_o thaw_v particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o xx_o title_n 1._o quicksilver_n be_v weigh_v in_o the_o air_n and_o afterward_o counterpoise_v in_o water_n when_o by_o the_o application_n of_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v the_o bubble_n weigh_v ¾_n of_o a_o grain_n less_o than_o before_o a_o globe_n of_o snow_n ram_v into_o a_o mould_n who_o diameter_n be_v a_o inch_n weigh_v 112_o grain_n a_o globe_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o diameter_n weigh_v 2_o dram_fw-la and_o 5_o grain_n 2._o after_o a_o long_a frost_n and_o snow_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o gage_v weatherglass_n stand_v below_o the_o first_o mark_n but_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o baroscope_n stand_v at_o near_o 2_o â—_o below_o 29_o inch_n which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o high_a wind._n 3._o four_o ounce_n of_o snow_n be_v counter_o poise_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o frost_n all_o night_n and_o at_o 10_o or_o 11_o in_o the_o morning_n have_v lose_v near_o 30_o grain_n which_o part_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v evaporate_v the_o melt_a liquor_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o scale_n amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o 8_o grain_n 4._o two_o ounce_n of_o snow_n depress_v flat_a so_o as_o to_o form_v a_o large_a superficies_n and_o counterpoise_v in_o a_o night_n time_n lose_v 55_o grain_n no_o water_n be_v find_v in_o the_o scale_n and_o two_o hour_n after_o the_o decrement_n be_v 63_o grain_n none_o of_o the_o snow_n appear_v yet_o to_o be_v melt_v title_n xxi_o promiscuous_a experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v cold._n power_n whether_o frost_n hinder_v odoriferous_a effluvia_fw-la from_o exert_v their_o power_n 1._o several_a flower_n be_v gather_v in_o december_n and_o january_n and_o hasty_o smelâ—ed_v 〈◊〉_d have_v no_o sensible_a effect_n on_o the_o sensory_a whicâ—_n phaenomenon_n i_o attribute_v to_o the_o frost_n hinder_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o spirituous_a sap_n from_o rise_v up_o into_o they_o and_o not_o that_o it_o prevent_v those_o spirituous_a part_n from_o emit_v effluvia_fw-la since_o a_o vigorous_a fresh_a primrose_n have_v a_o odour_n genuine_a and_o sweet_a 2._o rose-water_n be_v freeze_v when_o it_o be_v whole_o ice_n afford_v a_o genuine_a scent_n but_o something_o faint_a than_o when_o it_o be_v thaw_v again_o but_o in_o make_v these_o experiment_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o body_n smell_v at_o shall_v not_o be_v hold_v too_o long_o near_o the_o nose_n lest_o the_o warmth_n of_o one_o face_n shall_v help_v to_o excite_v those_o odoriferous_a part_n and_o consequent_o frustrate_v the_o trial_n 3._o stink_v water_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a and_o freeze_v be_v altogether_o inodorous_a 4._o it_o be_v report_v by_o several_a and_o attest_v by_o olearius_n that_o the_o russian_n and_o livonian_o enable_v themselves_o to_o bear_v cold_a extreme_o by_o go_v out_o of_o their_o store_n naked_a immediate_o into_o cold_a water_n and_o even_o ice_n itself_o 5._o have_v make_v use_n of_o a_o good_a
burning-glass_n to_o concentre_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o can_v neither_o perceive_v they_o cold_a or_o hot_a though_o sanctorius_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o be_v hot_a and_o that_o be_v concentre_v and_o cast_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o common_a weatherglass_n the_o water_n be_v sensible_o depress_v but_o since_o my_o glass_n for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v from_o the_o narrative_a be_v better_a than_o he_o i_o must_v suspend_v my_o assent_n till_o further_a satisfy_v by_o experience_n for_o since_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o several_a of_o his_o scholar_n stand_v by_o to_o watch_v the_o event_n the_o effect_n may_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n depend_v on_o the_o warmth_n of_o their_o breath_n one_o particular_a referrable_a to_o the_o xxi_o title_n the_o samojede_v clothe_v themselves_o with_o renes_fw-la skin_n the_o hair_n be_v outward_a and_o i_o have_v find_v a_o pair_n of_o cangy_n warm_a than_o fur_a glove_n they_o be_v chief_o make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o sledge_n though_o one_o may_v walk_v in_o the_o snow_n with_o they_o it_o be_v so_o dry_a that_o a_o scarlet_n be_v cover_v all_o over_o with_o it_o it_o will_v brush_v off_o without_o wet_n or_o endamage_v it_o to_o the_o xi_o title_n cold._n the_o force_n of_o expansion_n by_o cold._n 1._o the_o barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n which_o be_v about_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o of_o a_o proportionable_a diameter_n have_v the_o touchhole_n rivet_v up_o and_o a_o screw_v fit_v to_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o barrel_n which_o be_v do_v it_o be_v fill_v full_a of_o water_n and_o suspend_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n the_o screw_v have_v be_v thrust_v down_o as_o forcible_o as_o a_o man_n can_v in_o a_o frosty_a night_n the_o congeal_a ice_n raise_v the_o screw_n considerable_o so_o that_o ice_n have_v make_v its_o way_n out_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o barrel_n but_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v and_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o screw_v fill_v up_o with_o melt_a bees-wax_n the_o expanded_a ice_n not_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o barrel_n be_v crack_v oblique_o beside_o several_a other_o flaw_n in_o other_o place_n which_o give_v way_n to_o the_o wind_n blow_v into_o the_o barrel_n to_o try_v it_o a_o appendix_n to_o the_o xvii_o title_n freeze_a of_o the_o effect_n of_o nitre_n in_o freeze_a bartholinus_n cite_v a_o experiment_n wherein_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o nitre_n and_o water_n be_v 35_o to_o 100_o to_o try_v the_o success_n of_o it_o we_o mix_v a_o pound_n of_o salt-petre_n with_o 3_o pound_n of_o water_n and_o stir_v it_o about_o constant_o as_o cabaeus_n direct_v in_o a_o hour_n and_o half_a we_o perceive_v not_o the_o least_o ice_n whereas_o according_a to_o he_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v whole_o freeze_v in_o less_o time_n but_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n in_o the_o least_o freeze_v for_o a_o further_a trial_n we_o mix_v two_o ounce_n of_o salt-petre_n with_o six_o of_o water_n in_o a_o glass-vial_n but_o by_o all_o the_o shake_n we_o can_v not_o produce_v the_o least_o ice_n though_o whilst_o the_o nitre_n be_v dissolve_v the_o mixture_n be_v sensible_o cold_a and_o the_o same_o we_o have_v observe_v to_o happen_v upon_o a_o dissolution_n of_o common_a salt_n though_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o congelation_n which_o i_o be_v satisfy_v in_o by_o remove_v a_o thermoscope_n out_o of_o the_o mixture_n of_o nitre_n and_o water_n into_o water_n which_o be_v place_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n subside_v in_o the_o latter_a about_o 3_o inch_n so_o that_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v the_o learned_a cabaeus_n mistake_v crystal_n of_o nitre_n for_o ice_n it_o be_v believe_v by_o most_o watermen_n that_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n because_o they_o observe_v large_a piece_n of_o ice_n rise_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o be_v very_o reasonable_o question_v since_o we_o not_o only_o see_v that_o water_n in_o vessel_n but_o in_o well_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o several_a argument_n in_o proof_n of_o the_o contrary_n may_v be_v find_v in_o our_o section_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la and_o as_o for_o those_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o they_o observe_v to_o emerge_n that_o phaenomenon_n may_v easy_o be_v solve_v without_o suppose_v the_o water_n to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n for_o since_o the_o water_n which_o run_v along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v freeze_v several_a stone_n may_v stick_v to_o it_o they_o by_o their_o weight_n may_v cause_v it_o to_o subside_n when_o it_o be_v partly_o loosen_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o water_n by_o that_o rarifaction_n become_v light_a yet_o when_o the_o water_n above_o be_v cool_v and_o the_o water_n below_o be_v warm_a have_v melt_v the_o ice_n in_o some_o measure_n and_o loosen_a some_o of_o those_o stone_n which_o be_v before_o freeze_v to_o it_o the_o ice_n become_v specifical_o light_a than_o the_o water_n must_v consequent_o emerge_n on_o which_o occasion_n i_o shall_v here_o observe_v that_o capt._n james_n hall_n take_v notice_n that_o they_o find_v a_o stone_n of_o three_o hundred_o weight_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n in_o confirmation_n of_o our_o solution_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o may_v allege_v the_o experiment_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o section_n of_o the_o duration_n of_o ice_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o for_o a_o further_a decision_n of_o this_o matter_n that_o either_o divers_a be_v send_v down_o or_o instrument_n which_o will_v bring_v up_o ice_n if_o any_o be_v there_o we_o take_v a_o seal_a weatherglass_n and_o have_v invert_v the_o stem_n of_o it_o when_o furnish_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n so_o that_o that_o be_v place_v in_o a_o hole_n purposely_o make_v in_o a_o box_n the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n rest_v on_o the_o box_n about_o that_o we_o place_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o find_v that_o present_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v retract_v so_o that_o liquor_n may_v be_v condense_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o gravity_n to_o depress_v and_o cause_v the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n to_o sink_v together_o but_o whether_o in_o this_o case_n the_o contraction_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o tenacity_n of_o the_o liquor_n or_o the_o springiness_n of_o some_o elastic_a particle_n will_v be_v inquire_v into_o in_o a_o more_o proper_a place_n frog_n and_o toad_n be_v take_v up_o from_o under_o ice_n be_v brisk_a and_o lively_a and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o frosty_a wether_n they_o general_o lie_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o pit_n for_o their_o security_n paralipomena_fw-la to_o the_o two_o and_o xx_o title_n of_o the_o frost_n get_v into_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n body_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o frost_n on_o solid_a body_n in_o england_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o wood_n who_o diameter_n be_v a_o foot_n through_o have_v be_v freeze_v and_o in_o poland_n the_o frost_n have_v be_v so_o powerful_a that_o it_o have_v render_v the_o timber_n so_o hard_o that_o hatchet_n will_v not_o cut_v it_o and_o the_o wood_n with_o which_o the_o house_n be_v cover_v will_v give_v crack_n as_o loud_o as_o pistol_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o his_o bow_n be_v freeze_v if_o he_o do_v not_o take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o care_n in_o thaw_v it_o it_o will_v break_v marle_n and_o chalk_n will_v be_v shatter_v with_o the_o frost_n the_o texture_n of_o those_o body_n be_v by_o that_o mean_v open_v and_o render_v more_o fit_a to_o nourish_v plant_n and_o grass_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o a_o experience_a mason_n that_o even_o free_a stone_n of_o which_o house_n be_v build_v will_v crack_v and_o flaw_n in_o frosty_a wether_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o england_n that_o stone_n dig_v up_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o summer_n and_o season_v in_o the_o air_n be_v not_o near_o so_o subject_a to_o flaw_n as_o those_o that_o be_v dig_v up_o and_o work_v whilst_o the_o frost_n continue_v and_o it_o be_v further_o observe_v that_o both_o earthen_a as_o well_o as_o glass-vessel_n be_v considerable_o impair_v by_o the_o effect_n of_o frost_n upon_o they_o to_o which_o instance_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o maistre_n bernard_n palissy_n who_o say_v that_o though_o the_o stone_n of_o the_o mountain_n ardenne_n be_v hard_o than_o marble_n yet_o for_o fear_n of_o frost_n they_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o quarry_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o he_o further_o add_v that_o in_o the_o winter_n the_o rock_n sometime_o crack_v and_o fall_v down_o without_o be_v cut_v
have_v upon_o occult_a quality_n as_o well_o as_o manifest_a one_o and_o likewise_o upon_o fermentation_n since_o it_o be_v observe_v to_o retardate_v the_o work_n of_o ale_n extreme_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o must_v may_v be_v preserve_v sweet_a a_o long_a time_n in_o a_o deep_a well_o or_o if_o let_v down_o into_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o river_n and_o will_v when_o take_v up_o be_v less_o apt_a to_o ferment_n than_o other_o parcel_n of_o must_v keep_v in_o the_o warm_a air._n it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o northern_a country_n that_o the_o most_o spirituous_a part_n of_o liquor_n have_v be_v separate_v and_o collect_v together_o by_o a_o congelation_n of_o the_o phlegm_n wherefore_o to_o try_v what_o cold_a will_v effect_v in_o our_o climate_n i_o hang_v out_o a_o bottle_n of_o beer_n in_o a_o sharp_a night_n and_o find_v that_o most_o part_n of_o it_o be_v freeze_v the_o liquor_n which_o be_v not_o freeze_v be_v very_o strong_a and_o spirituous_a the_o freeze_a part_n be_v spiritless_a but_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n tinge_v with_o cochineel_n be_v mix_v with_o water_n congelation_n separate_v not_o their_o part_n nor_o do_v it_o separate_v the_o red_a and_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o claret_n i_o make_v several_a trial_n upon_o milk_n and_o blood_n as_o also_o on_o vinegar_n in_o which_o my_o attempt_n prove_v insatisfactory_a but_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n be_v make_v in_o 24_o part_n of_o water_n so_o that_o it_o be_v as_o strong_a as_o the_o sea-water_n about_o we_o i_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o a_o flat_a vessel_n which_o be_v the_o large_a that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v considerable_a and_o when_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o cake_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v take_v off_o it_o acquire_v another_o which_o when_o dissolve_v yield_a water_n not_o near_o so_o salt_n as_o that_o which_o remain_v unfreeze_v and_o be_v hydrostatical_o weigh_v be_v considerable_o light_a have_v expose_v several_a vegetable_a and_o animal_n substance_n to_o be_v freeze_v i_o find_v that_o by_o that_o mean_v i_o can_v discover_v their_o succulent_a juice_n and_o squeeze_v they_o out_o in_o the_o form_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v do_v by_o cut_v they_o transverse_o and_o length_n way_n i_o can_v discover_v also_o the_o figure_n and_o size_n of_o the_o pore_n in_o which_o those_o juice_n lodge_v among_o the_o animal_n substance_n expose_v to_o freeze_v be_v the_o eye_n and_o the_o brain_n of_o animal_n which_o by_o be_v freeze_v will_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v dissect_v the_o latter_a when_o cut_v in_o two_o seem_a like_o a_o apple_n freeze_v the_o ventricles_n and_o iâ—…_n whole_a substance_n be_v fill_v with_o icy_a particle_n neither_o a_o eye_n nor_o a_o liver_n lean_a flesh_n or_o fish_n nor_o a_o live_a frog_n will_v be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o egg_n and_o apple_n be_v when_o put_v into_o water_n after_o they_o have_v be_v freeze_v as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o flesh_n be_v usual_o much_o impair_v by_o be_v freeze_v i_o suppose_v it_o to_o proceed_v hence_o viz._n that_o the_o alimental_a juice_n be_v expend_v by_o freeze_a have_v not_o its_o own_o texture_n alter_v only_o but_o even_o the_o solid_a vessel_n which_o contain_v it_o be_v thereby_o bruise_v and_o crush_v for_o from_o several_a experiment_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o egg_n will_v be_v burst_v by_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o alimental_a juice_n and_o that_o the_o texture_n of_o stone_n and_o vegetable_n will_v be_v destroy_v by_o the_o powerful_a congelation_n of_o their_o respective_a juice_n which_o will_v be_v less_o wonder_v at_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o aqueous_a part_n by_o their_o expansion_n be_v able_a to_o burst_v the_o barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n have_v i_o have_v leisure_n and_o conveniency_n i_o will_v have_v try_v what_o effect_n cold_a have_v upon_o animal_n freeze_v to_o death_n but_o have_v expose_v a_o rabbit_n to_o the_o cold_a all_o night_n i_o find_v that_o only_o one_o leg_n be_v swell_v and_o a_o little_a stiff_a but_o a_o strangle_a rabbit_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v ice_n be_v produce_v in_o several_a part_n it_o be_v affirm_v by_o several_a modern_a writer_n that_o if_o water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o the_o salt_n of_o vegetable_n upon_o congelation_n they_o will_v represent_v the_o shape_n of_o the_o plant_n they_o belong_v to_o but_o notwithstanding_o i_o have_v several_a time_n try_v the_o experiment_n i_o find_v it_o either_o false_a or_o very_o contingent_a since_o it_o do_v not_o once_o answer_v expectation_n but_o have_v expose_v a_o lixivium_n of_o pot-ash_n to_o freeze_v i_o find_v that_o the_o crystal_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v prismatical_a and_o that_o under_o those_o lie_v a_o great_a many_o thin_a parallel_n plate_n of_o ice_n but_o not_o range_v in_o such_o a_o order_n as_o to_o represent_v the_o shape_n of_o tree_n and_o though_o bartholinus_n tell_v we_o that_o if_o a_o decoction_n of_o cabbage_n be_v freeze_v it_o will_v represent_v a_o cabbage_n yet_o i_o can_v never_o find_v that_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v except_o that_o once_o there_o appear_v the_o faint_a resemblance_n of_o a_o single_a leaf_n but_o i_o have_v find_v that_o fair_a water_n freeze_v will_v represent_v the_o shape_n of_o vegetable_n often_o than_o their_o decoction_n and_o though_o berigardus_n also_o affirm_v the_o same_o yet_o i_o suspect_v that_o he_o only_o wirt_z without_o try_v the_o experiment_n himself_o and_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o prepossessed_a spectator_n may_v fancy_v they_o see_v such_o thing_n when_o they_o do_v not_o for_o though_o sea-salt_n and_o alum_n consist_v of_o part_n of_o determinate_a figure_n yet_o when_o dissolve_v in_o water_n they_o exhibit_v figure_n too_o various_a and_o extravagant_a not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o chance_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o by_o distil_v and_o rectify_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n from_o sea-salt_n in_o a_o glass-head_n as_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n be_v vary_a so_o will_v the_o figure_n of_o tree_n be_v represent_v different_a on_o the_o inside_n the_o glass_n and_o i_o have_v several_a time_n produce_v the_o shape_n of_o tree_n from_o body_n belong_v to_o the_o animal_n kingdom_n and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o though_o figure_v curious_a enough_o will_v be_v represent_v by_o spirit_n solution_n decoction_n vinegar_n milk_n and_o even_o common_a water_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o hope_v for_o the_o same_o success_n and_o that_o the_o like_a figure_n shall_v always_o be_v afford_v by_o the_o same_o liquor_n since_o very_o small_a circumstance_n will_v vary_v they_o considerable_o and_o in_o try_v of_o such_o experiment_n as_o these_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o advertise_v that_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a that_o the_o liquor_n shall_v be_v as_o shallow_a as_o it_o possible_o may_v that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o speedy_o freeze_v a_o freeze_a egg_n be_v put_v into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n instead_o of_o common_a water_n it_o gather_v not_o about_o it_o any_o crusty_a film_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o mr._n wood_n that_o though_o new-england_n be_v 10_o or_o 11_o degree_n remote_a from_o the_o pole_n yet_o the_o winter_n be_v much_o more_o pierce_a and_o cold_a than_o we_o and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o xviii_o title_n of_o the_o infrigidating_a power_n of_o wind_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o sometime_o it_o have_v be_v so_o much_o more_o cold_a than_o at_o other_o that_o be_v blow_v through_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n it_o will_v cause_v not_o only_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o subside_o but_o be_v blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o another_o weatherglass_n not_o only_o the_o liquor_n but_o even_o mercury_n itself_o will_v be_v force_v to_o ascend_v though_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n can_v not_o cause_v that_o effect_n and_o i_o have_v often_o try_v that_o when_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n be_v such_o that_o though_o when_o first_o blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o nice_a thermoscope_n it_o will_v not_o cause_v the_o liquor_n to_o ascend_v yet_o at_o another_o season_n the_o tinged_a liquor_n ascend_v as_o if_o the_o air_n by_o be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o compress_v in_o the_o room_n have_v some_o sensible_a effect_n in_o compress_v and_o contract_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o thermoscope_n to_o try_v whether_o liquor_n by_o lose_v their_o fluidity_n and_o become_v consistent_a will_v acquire_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o coldness_n i_o cause_v the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n to_o be_v immerse_v in_o salad-oil_n and_o a_o solution_n of_o minium_n in_o vinegar_n or_o of_o quicklime_n in_o water_n either_o of_o which_o will_v coagulate_v the_o oil_n but_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o
learned_a maignan_n sufficient_a to_o balance_v what_o zucchius_n have_v deliver_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v deliver_v it_o in_o the_o author_n word_n expertus_fw-la ego_fw-la sum_fw-la say_v he_o thermometro_n fidelissimo_fw-la &_o a_o praecedente_fw-la hyeme_fw-fr in_fw-la sequentem_fw-la aestatem_fw-la prorsus_fw-la invariato_fw-it instructo_fw-la etiam_fw-la tali_fw-la aqua_fw-la nempe_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la ex_fw-la praescripto_fw-la trebellii_n ita_fw-la comparata_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la exhaletur_fw-la neque_fw-la minuatur_fw-la expertus_fw-la inquam_fw-la sum_fw-la in_fw-la supradictis_fw-la optimis_fw-la cellis_fw-la vinariis_fw-la maximum_fw-la quod_fw-la ardentissima_fw-la aestate_fw-la fuit_fw-la frigus_fw-la non_fw-la adaequasse_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la ibidem_fw-la erat_fw-la brumali_fw-la tempore_fw-la ut_fw-la dixi_fw-la si_fw-la quidem_fw-la in_o tubo_fw-la vitrei_fw-la thermometri_n quatuor_fw-la circiter_fw-la palmos_fw-la longos_fw-la &_o in_fw-la octo_fw-la gradus_fw-la graduumque_fw-la minuta_fw-la diviso_fw-la aqua_fw-la hyeme_n ascendit_fw-la ad_fw-la gradus_fw-la 7_o cum_fw-la semisse_fw-la aestate_fw-la autem_fw-la vix_fw-la gradum_fw-la sextum_fw-la superavit_fw-la cùm_fw-la tamen_fw-la ad_fw-la sensum_fw-la multò_fw-la magis_fw-la vigerat_fw-la frigus_fw-la istud_fw-la aestivum_fw-la chap._n vii_o a_o examination_n of_o mr._n hobbes_n doctrine_n of_o cold._n cold._n mr._n hobbes_n doctrine_n of_o cold._n mr._n hobbes_n in_o his_o doctrine_n of_o cold_a tell_v we_o that_o the_o air_n be_v put_v into_o a_o expansive_a motion_n by_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v beat_v down_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o find_v a_o resistance_n below_o it_o spread_v itself_o every_o way_n towards_o the_o pole_n and_o as_o the_o parallel_n circle_n grow_v close_o towards_o the_o pole_n so_o the_o air_n be_v straighten_a and_o more_o condense_a cause_n a_o great_a degree_n of_o cold._n to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o as_o the_o air_n move_v betwixt_o these_o paraller_n it_o rake_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o or_o less_o straighten_a by_o which_o mean_v the_o water_n not_o only_o tend_v towards_o its_o centre_n by_o its_o own_o gravity_n but_o be_v also_o condense_v by_o the_o rakeing_n pressure_n of_o the_o air_n the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v first_o congeal_v and_o then_o it_o gradual_o descend_v and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n when_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o mixture_n melt_v those_o very_a part_n which_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o they_o rake_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n give_v it_o such_o a_o motion_n as_o when_o communicate_v to_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o cause_v it_o to_o congeal_v and_o for_o a_o reason_n not_o unlike_o the_o former_a the_o particle_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o cloud_n be_v in_o their_o descent_n squeeze_v out_o rake_v the_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o their_o passage_n and_o so_o harden_v they_o and_o the_o reason_n why_o serene_a weather_n be_v cold_o than_o rainy_a weather_n he_o say_v be_v because_o the_o force_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v break_v and_o dissipate_v by_o the_o fall_a drop_n which_o reason_n he_o likewise_o allege_v why_o water_n in_o wells_n be_v not_o freeze_v the_o wind_n not_o be_v able_a to_o beat_v strong_o enough_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o ice_n be_v light_a than_o water_n he_o attribute_n it_o to_o airy_a particle_n force_v into_o it_o whilst_o it_o be_v congeal_v but_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v urge_v against_o this_o doctrine_n examine_v examine_v that_o all_o congeal_a liquor_n instead_o of_o have_v their_o part_n press_v inward_o and_o so_o condense_v manifest_o expand_v upon_o congelation_n and_o as_o for_o animal_n body_n such_o a_o inward_a endeavour_n of_o the_o humour_n as_o his_o doctrine_n suppose_v be_v not_o requisite_a to_o produce_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a since_o a_o decrease_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o fluid_n about_o our_o sensory_n or_o a_o impulse_n make_v upon_o the_o sensitive_a part_n by_o some_o alteration_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o spirit_n or_o a_o turbulent_a motion_n of_o some_o excrementitious_a particle_n hinder_v from_o fly_v away_o be_v sufficient_a so_o some_o hysterick_n woman_n perceive_v a_o coldness_n on_o the_o top_n of_o their_o head_n and_o the_o vertebra_n when_o they_o be_v otherwise_o hot_a and_o avicen_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o bite_n of_o some_o viper_n in_o hot_a country_n cause_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a and_o i_o know_v a_o noble_a man_n who_o feel_v a_o extraordinary_a coldness_n upon_o he_o when_o he_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o fit_a of_o the_o stone_n and_o a_o inward_a compression_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v cold_a that_o compression_n in_o some_o body_n produce_v heat_n but_o to_o examine_v what_o he_o assign_v as_o the_o grand_a cause_n of_o cold_a viz._n wind_n which_o according_a to_o he_o be_v air_n move_v in_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n and_o that_o either_o forward_o only_a or_o in_o a_o undulate_a motion_n but_o against_o this_o doctrine_n i_o have_v several_a thing_n to_o offer_v and_o first_o that_o several_a frost_n be_v begin_v and_o continue_v when_o the_o wind_n be_v serene_a and_o calm_a and_o that_o a_o gentle_a north-east-wind_n be_v much_o cold_o than_o a_o boisterous_a southerly_a wind._n second_o that_o the_o wind_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o a_o aeolopile_n be_v not_o cold_a but_o hot_a though_o it_o move_v more_o violent_o than_o the_o wind_n which_o be_v blow_v from_o the_o mouth_n three_o we_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o water_n will_v freeze_v though_o seal_v up_o in_o a_o glass_n and_o though_o that_o glass_n be_v enclose_v in_o another_o so_o that_o the_o wind_n can_v beat_v upon_o it_o and_o even_o a_o egg_n freeze_v will_v be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n when_o suspend_v in_o water_n so_o that_o the_o external_n air_n can_v effect_v it_o and_o though_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o all_o wind_n produce_v cold_a prosper_v alpinus_n in_o his_o medicina_fw-la aegyptiorum_n acquaint_v we_o that_o he_o have_v find_v the_o wind_n in_o those_o torrid_a region_n insufferable_o hot_a and_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o wind_n near_o ormus_n have_v be_v so_o hot_a as_o to_o destroy_v a_o army_n of_o man_n at_o once_o and_o though_o some_o wind_n put_v into_o motion_n feel_v cold_a yet_o that_o depend_v on_o the_o predisposition_n of_o our_o sensory_n and_o the_o deep_a penetration_n of_o that_o fluid_a into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o it_o have_v a_o comparative_a coldness_n and_o that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o comparative_a coldness_n be_v evident_a since_o the_o same_o wind_n blow_v upon_o a_o weatherglass_n affect_v it_o not_o at_o all_o except_o sometime_o by_o accident_n when_o by_o that_o mean_n some_o calorifick_a atom_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n be_v drive_v away_o by_o it_o and_o though_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o that_o all_o wind_n cool_v by_o diminish_v former_a heat_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o water_n actual_o cold_a become_v still_o cold_o by_o freeze_v where_o the_o heat_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v diminish_v in_o a_o body_n actual_o cold_a before_o but_o to_o proceed_v though_o mr._n hobbes_n say_v that_o wind_n be_v generate_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n yet_o he_o tell_v we_o not_o how_o that_o wind_n must_v produce_v cold_a nor_o do_v the_o motion_n of_o it_o towards_o the_o pole_n help_v the_o matter_n since_o we_o have_v show_v that_o motion_n in_o itself_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o produce_v cold_a and_o shall_v he_o say_v that_o the_o coldness_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o freeze_a vapour_n in_o its_o passage_n than_o those_o steam_n will_v rather_o be_v take_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o cold_a than_o the_o wind_n and_o then_o i_o shall_v ask_v he_o whence_o the_o coldness_n of_o those_o cold_a vapour_n proceed_v beside_o since_o in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n he_o say_v the_o part_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n will_v be_v raise_v in_o congelation_n i_o see_v not_o how_o it_o will_v happen_v since_o oil_n and_o several_a other_o liquor_n be_v contract_v by_o it_o and_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o see_v any_o one_o instance_n in_o which_o water_n be_v ever_o congeal_v by_o a_o compression_n since_o when_o we_o enclose_v water_n in_o a_o pewter-bottle_n and_o beat_v the_o side_n of_o it_o together_o till_o the_o water_n make_v its_o way_n out_o we_o perceive_v not_o that_o that_o powerful_a compression_n have_v in_o the_o least_o incline_v the_o water_n to_o congelation_n and_o though_o we_o shall_v allow_v that_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v freeze_v as_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o yet_o i_o see_v not_o how_o the_o air_n can_v beat_v upon_o
chrystallized_a salt_n appear_v the_o oil_n of_o the_o fruit_n become_v very_o friable_a and_o of_o a_o milky-white_a colour_n but_o the_o train_n oil_n only_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n and_o become_v of_o the_o consistence_n of_o soft_a grease_n and_o the_o same_o night_n a_o bottle_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n and_o another_o of_o strong_a white-wine_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v the_o ice_n taste_v weak_a than_o the_o wine_n but_o the_o wine_n be_v several_a time_n freeze_v and_o thaw_v again_o neither_o lose_v any_o thing_n of_o its_o colour_n taste_v or_o strength_n mr._n hook_v show_v i_o a_o oval_a glass_n which_o have_v at_o one_o end_v a_o narrow_a cane_n a_o inch_n long_o in_o which_o water_n tinge_v with_o cochineel_n be_v freeze_v the_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v colourless_a but_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o deep_a tincture_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o like_a in_o flask_n contain_v the_o same_o tincture_n freeze_v flesh_n fish_n egg_n and_o apple_n be_v hold_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n and_o immerse_v in_o it_o be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o mortar_n and_o plaster_n of_o paris_n will_v freeze_v i_o have_v see_v ice_n three_o yard_n thick_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o thames_n the_o water_n which_o flow_v successive_o over_o the_o ice_n be_v freeze_v and_o gradual_o thickening_a it_o and_o i_o have_v freeze_v a_o whole_a flask_n full_a of_o water_n by_o gradual_o pour_v it_o into_o a_o pan_n which_o confirm_v what_o olearius_n say_v of_o make_v huge_a heap_n of_o ice_n to_o preserve_v body_n though_o my_o lord_n verulam_n tell_v we_o that_o egg_n and_o apple_n cover_v with_o a_o wet_a cloth_n will_v not_o freeze_v yet_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o and_o other_o oil_n of_o animal_n and_o vegetable_a oil_n by_o expression_n subside_o syrup_n freeze_v not_o cold_n affect_v not_o lodestone_n sensible_o in_o their_o operation_n have_v expose_v distil_v water_n of_o plantain_n poppy_n black_a cherry_n nightshade_n scurvygrass_n and_o horseradish_n to_o the_o cold_a in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o standard_n for_o weather-glass_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o black-cherry-water_n be_v freeze_v first_o and_o the_o horseradish_n and_o scurvygrass_n water_n last_o the_o best_a way_n to_o discover_v when_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v first_o be_v by_o draw_v a_o pin_n through_o the_o surface_n of_o those_o liquor_n chap._n ix_o a_o new_a frigorifick_a experiment_n show_v how_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v sudden_o produce_v without_o the_o help_n of_o snow_n ice_n hail_o wind_n or_o nitre_n any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n comunicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o july_n 18._o 1666._o water_n cold_a produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o sal-armon_a and_o water_n if_o a_o pound_n of_o powder_a sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v mix_v gradual_o with_o three_o pint_n of_o water_n and_o the_o liquor_n be_v stir_v with_o a_o stick_n or_o a_o whale-bone_n whilst_o the_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v it_o will_v produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n which_o will_v not_o only_o be_v sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n but_o if_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o silver_n tankard_n the_o outside_n of_o it_o will_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o multitude_n of_o little_a drop_n of_o condense_a vapour_n as_o high_a as_o the_o mixture_n reach_v and_o if_o some_o of_o it_o be_v quite_o wipe_v off_o before_o the_o mixture_n have_v lose_v its_o virtue_n it_o will_v again_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o dew_n and_o if_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o the_o tinged_a liquor_n will_v present_o descend_v low_a than_o it_o do_v in_o common_a water_n and_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o it_o into_o the_o air_n again_o or_o common_a water_n the_o spirit_n will_v manifest_o ascend_v and_o this_o coldness_n be_v more_o or_o less_o last_a as_o the_o season_n of_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o its_o coldness_n and_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o salt_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o water_n be_v great_a or_o less_o or_o as_o it_o vary_v in_o goodness_n or_o as_o the_o salt_n be_v put_v in_o in_o grosser_n powder_n and_o more_o leisurely_o and_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a may_v easy_o be_v discover_v by_o frequent_o immerge_v and_o remove_v a_o weatherglass_n out_o of_o it_o into_o water_n and_o from_o the_o latter_a into_o it_o again_o whether_o shall_v ammoniac_a mix_v with_o sand_n or_o earth_n will_v cool_v drink_v better_o than_o without_o when_o the_o mixture_n be_v sprinkle_v with_o water_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o try_v but_o i_o have_v find_v the_o aforementioned_a mixture_n cool_a liquor_n convenient_o enough_o after_o midsummer_n march_n 27._o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o spirit_n that_o rest_v at_o 8_o 1_o â—_o inch_n descend_v to_o 7_o â—_o 8_o and_o then_o the_o sal-armon_a be_v put_v in_o within_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n it_o descend_v to_o 2_o 1_o â—_o â…™_n inch_n and_o before_o that_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o condense_a the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o when_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v cold_a water_n place_v thin_a on_o the_o outside_n will_v be_v freeze_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o minute_n about_o 3_o â—_o of_o a_o hour_n after_o the_o salt_n be_v put_v in_o the_o tinged_a liquor_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o water_n into_o it_o subside_v a_o inch_n below_o the_o freeze_a mark._n at_o 2_o ½_n hour_n after_o the_o first_o solution_n it_o be_v at_o 5_o ½_n inches_n or_o 4_o ¾_n which_o mark_v the_o liquor_n stand_v at_o in_o hard_a and_o last_a frost_n in_o the_o winter_n three_o hour_n after_o the_o first_o dissolution_n the_o liquor_n stand_v at_o the_o uppermost_a freeze_a mark._n in_o try_v of_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o some_o water_n be_v shed_v it_o freeze_v the_o cucurbite_n to_o the_o table_n it_o stand_v on_o in_o another_o experiment_n before_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v put_v in_o it_o stand_v at_o 8_o â…›_n but_o when_o immerse_v in_o water_n it_o sink_v to_o 7_o â…_n or_o 6_o 8_o in_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n it_o subside_v to_o 7_o ¾_n and_o in_o a_o hour_n below_o 5_o and_o consequent_o within_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o low_a freeze_a mark._n salt_n which_o once_o have_v be_v dissolve_v may_v by_o be_v crystallize_v in_o a_o iron_n vessel_n be_v fit_a for_o use_v again_o so_o march_v 29._o the_o thermoscope_n which_o in_o the_o air_n stand_v at_o 8_o â…ž_n in_o water_n subside_v to_o 8_o and_o in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n make_v of_o salt_n twice_o use_v before_o it_o subside_v to_o 4_o inch_n but_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o fresh_a water_n it_o rise_v gradual_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o positive_a and_o privative_a nature_n of_o cold._n answer_v argument_n allege_v in_o favour_n of_o its_o positive_a nature_n answer_v before_o i_o proceed_v to_o enumerate_v what_o argument_n may_v be_v allege_v either_o for_o the_o positive_a or_o privative_a nature_n of_o cold_a i_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o the_o word_n cold_a may_v be_v either_o consider_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o effect_n such_o body_n have_v upon_o the_o sensory_a or_o upon_o other_o body_n if_o in_o the_o latter_a then_o in_o frosty_a wether_n the_o sun_n may_v be_v say_v to_o warm_v the_o air_n because_o it_o enable_v it_o to_o melt_v the_o snow_n and_o thaw_v ice_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a warm_a water_n be_v say_v to_o be_v cold_a in_o respect_n of_o a_o hand_n that_o be_v much_o hot_a argument_n the_o first_o argument_n but_o to_o pass_v on_o to_o argument_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o positive_a nature_n of_o cold_a the_o first_o argument_n allege_v be_v the_o considerable_a effect_n it_o have_v both_o upon_o the_o sensory_a and_o other_o body_n so_o that_o we_o may_v sum_n our_o argument_n up_o in_o the_o word_n of_o gassendus_fw-la two_o sunt_fw-la frigoris_fw-la effectus_fw-la quales_fw-la habere_fw-la privatio_fw-la quae_fw-la actionis_fw-la est_fw-la incapax_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o heat_n and_o cold_a depend_v only_o on_o a_o great_a or_o less_o degree_n of_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n than_o those_o about_o our_o sensory_a and_o all_o perception_n be_v carry_v to_o and_o distinguish_v in_o the_o brain_n and_o be_v various_a as_o that_o motion_n be_v different_a and_o it_o be_v likewise_o consider_v that_o when_o one_o body_n communicate_v motion_n to_o another_o it_o lose_v of_o its_o own_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o when_o i_o take_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n into_o my_o hand_n and_o it_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o motion_n communicate_v to_o its_o part_n the_o motion_n which_o the_o humour_n in_o my_o hand_n lose_v by_o put_v
not_o that_o that_o act_v positive_o upon_o they_o but_o imbibe_v the_o moisture_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o cold_a liquor_n acquire_v a_o hardness_n its_o moisture_n be_v imbibe_v by_o a_o piece_n of_o bread_n immerse_v in_o it_o as_o also_o spirit_n of_o wine_n dephlegm_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n without_o so_o much_o as_o heat_v the_o aqueous_a part_n find_v a_o more_o ready_a and_o easy_a passage_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o alkaly_n than_o through_o the_o spiritous_a liquor_n and_o i_o know_v a_o saline_a body_n which_o when_o incorporate_v with_o water_n the_o water_n will_v leave_v this_o a_o consistent_a mass_n and_o be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o for_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o cartesian_a explication_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o camphire_n by_o float_v upon_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v become_v a_o fluid_a oil_n and_o continue_v in_o that_o form_n till_o the_o subtle_a spirit_n which_o by_o pervade_v it_o keep_v it_o fluid_a fly_v away_o and_o evaporates_n for_o be_v put_v into_o water_n the_o spirit_n leave_v the_o camphire_n and_o be_v imbibe_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n it_o become_v a_o consistent_a mass_n again_o which_o that_o it_o depend_v not_o on_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n be_v evident_a since_o the_o same_o will_v happen_v on_o warm_a water_n but_o though_o cold_a shall_v depend_v primary_o on_o the_o influence_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n yet_o since_o those_o by_o act_v on_o the_o body_n cool_v may_v produce_v their_o effect_n by_o expel_v calorifick_a atom_n the_o privation_n of_o those_o calorifick_a atom_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o freeze_a so_o though_o a_o bullet_n kill_v a_o man_n yet_o the_o issue_n be_v a_o privation_n of_o life_n and_o when_o a_o room_n be_v darken_v by_o extinguish_v the_o light_n the_o darkness_n depend_v on_o the_o privation_n of_o light_n six_o a_o six_o the_o last_o argument_n of_o gassendus_fw-la be_v this_o tametsi_fw-la multa_fw-la videantur_fw-la ex_fw-la sola_fw-la caloris_fw-la absentia_fw-la frigescere_fw-la nibil_n ominous_a nisi_fw-la frigus_fw-la extrinsicus_fw-la inducatur_fw-la non_fw-la tam_fw-la profectô_o frigescere_fw-la quam_fw-la decalescere_fw-la sunt_fw-la censenda_fw-la esto_fw-la enim_fw-la lapis_fw-la lignum_fw-la aut_fw-la aliquid_fw-la aliud_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la calidum_fw-la nec_fw-la frigidum_fw-la sit_fw-la id_fw-la ubi_fw-la fuerit_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la igni_fw-la calefiet_v sane_fw-la at_o cum_fw-la deinceps_fw-la calor_fw-la excedet_fw-la neque_fw-la frigidum_fw-la ullum_fw-la circumstabit_fw-la non_fw-la erit_fw-la cur_n dicas_fw-la ipsum_fw-la frigefieri_fw-la potius_fw-la quam_fw-la minus_fw-la calidum_fw-la fieri_fw-la rediere_fw-la in_o suum_fw-la statum_fw-la but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o if_o we_o speak_v of_o coldness_n with_o respect_n to_o sense_n i_o see_v not_o why_o any_o body_n that_o grow_v hot_a by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n may_v not_o be_v say_v to_o grow_v cold_a rather_o than_o decalescere_fw-la since_o heat_n be_v only_o too_o brisk_a a_o agitation_n for_o our_o sensory_a when_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o cause_n and_o a_o decline_a of_o that_o motion_n it_o become_v less_o agitate_a than_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a we_o may_v not_o then_o say_v it_o grow_v cold_o and_o cold_o till_o it_o become_v ice_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o i_o have_v offer_v these_o argument_n against_o gassendus_fw-la yet_o i_o shall_v wave_v determine_v the_o controversy_n till_o further_o satisfy_v in_o some_o speculation_n and_o in_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o some_o particular_a experiment_n beside_o i_o will_v first_o know_v from_o those_o that_o will_v have_v cold_a to_o be_v a_o positive_a quality_n whether_o and_o on_o what_o account_n those_o little_a fragment_n of_o matter_n be_v cold_a whether_o their_o frigorifick_a atom_n have_v weight_n as_o 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great_a and_o tumultuary_a agitation_n of_o small_a part_n and_o yet_o even_o during_o this_o conflict_n not_o any_o sensible_a heat_n but_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a be_v produce_v concern_v which_o i_o shall_v only_o propose_v the_o question_n whether_o local_a motion_n be_v not_o generical_a and_o whether_o the_o figure_n and_o size_n of_o part_n various_o move_v may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o cause_v a_o sensation_n of_o heat_n and_o when_o various_o modify_v a_o sense_n of_o cold_a or_o whether_o the_o sense_n of_o cold_a depend_v not_o on_o some_o frigorifick_a atom_n which_o be_v let_v lose_v in_o the_o ebullition_n and_o affect_v the_o sensory_a which_o will_v otherwise_o perceive_v a_o hot_a sensation_n by_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o those_o part_n with_o which_o cold_a aom_n be_v mix_v and_o which_o they_o overpower_v problem_n the_o second_o problem_n the_o second_o problem_n be_v whence_o the_o vast_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n proceed_v for_o since_o cold_a depend_v on_o a_o imminution_n of_o local_a motion_n it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a how_o it_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o break_v resist_v body_n which_o require_v local_a motion_n to_o separate_v their_o part_n and_o though_o gassendus_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o they_o proceed_v from_o the_o ingress_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n yet_o till_o glaciation_n succeed_v notwithstanding_o water_n grow_v cold_a gradual_o it_o subside_v and_o do_v not_o expand_v and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o chemical_a oil_n the_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a they_o be_v expose_v to_o contract_v the_o more_o and_o some_o oil_n even_o when_o coagulate_v be_v condense_v instead_o of_o be_v expanded_a and_o as_o for_o what_o the_o cartesian_o offer_v for_o the_o removal_n of_o these_o difficulty_n it_o may_v well_o be_v question_v how_o their_o eel-like_a particle_n be_v relax_v and_o their_o spring_n weaken_v they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o expand_v in_o spite_n of_o opposition_n so_o that_o consider_v that_o water_n when_o expanded_a be_v full_a of_o bubble_n i_o be_v apt_a to_o suspect_v that_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o they_o contribute_v to_o the_o effect_n and_o that_o a_o constipation_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n may_v give_v they_o a_o springiness_n freeze_v the_o great_a expansive_a force_n of_o water_n freeze_v to_o try_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n we_o convey_v a_o bladder_n full_a of_o water_n into_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n and_o fit_v a_o plugg_n to_o it_o upon_o that_o we_o place_v a_o flat_a board_n to_o hold_v weight_n on_o and_o then_o the_o cylinder_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n upon_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o water_n in_o one_o experiment_n the_o plugg_n raise_v 115_o pound_n weight_n and_o in_o another_o 100_o pound_n averdupois_n and_o in_o a_o three_o 254_o pound_n weight_n three_o saline_a body_n each_o purify_v by_o the_o fire_n be_v mix_v together_o cold._n of_o the_o production_n of_o cold._n produce_v a_o cold_a effervescense_n with_o a_o hiss_a noise_n and_o a_o considerable_a intumescense_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o glass_n which_o contain_v it_o will_v grow_v cold_a than_o before_o and_o gather_v a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n which_o will_v reach_v as_o high_a as_o the_o mixture_n but_o on_o the_o concave_a bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n there_o be_v no_o dew_n that_o be_v not_o sufficient_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n so_o that_o the_o mixture_n can_v not_o be_v suppose_v to_o sweat_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n since_o it_o taste_v not_o in_o the_o least_o of_o saline_a ingredient_n but_o lest_o our_o sense_n shall_v misinform_v we_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o this_o mixture_n we_o at_o another_o time_n immerse_v a_o weatherglass_n in_o which_o the_o liquor_n subside_v above_o four_o inch_n low_a than_o in_o common_a water_n though_o the_o acid_n liquor_n itself_o be_v keep_v all_o night_n in_o a_o room_n with_o water_n be_v of_o the_o same_o temper_n with_o it_o which_o appear_v by_o a_o weatherglass_n immerse_v
penetrate_v the_o minute_a pore_n and_o to_o dissolve_v the_o lime_n experiment_n v._n quicklime_n be_v immerse_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o a_o retort_n and_o the_o spirit_n and_o phlegm_n draw_v off_o the_o remain_a quicklime_n instead_o of_o be_v slack_v be_v a_o more_o fiery_a substance_n than_o before_o for_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o it_o be_v throw_v into_o water_n it_o will_v hiss_v like_o a_o coal_n and_o heat_v the_o liquor_n which_o property_n it_o retain_v several_a week_n be_v keep_v close_o from_o the_o air._n whence_o it_o appear_v how_o much_o the_o texture_n of_o quicklime_n and_o the_o association_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n improve_n that_o texture_n contribute_v to_o the_o phaenomena_n offord_v by_o quicklime_n and_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v associate_v with_o the_o quicklime_n be_v probable_a since_o part_v of_o it_o become_v a_o spiritless_a phlegm_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v quicklime_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n sometime_o to_o come_v over_o in_o white_a fume_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o in_o such_o distillation_n the_o odour_n of_o the_o spirit_n have_v not_o only_o be_v change_v but_o its_o taste_n render_v more_o fiery_a and_o brisk_a but_o the_o success_n be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o be_v diversify_v according_a to_o difference_n of_o the_o quicklime_n which_o may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o calcine_v or_o the_o stone_n may_v be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n itself_o experiment_n vi._n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o other_o experiment_n which_o show_v that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v mechanical_o a_o nail_n hasty_o hammer_v grow_v hot_a the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v by_o that_o force_n vehement_o and_o various_o determine_v though_o the_o hammer_n and_o anvil_n be_v not_o warm_a so_o that_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o requisite_a a_o calorifick_a body_n shall_v be_v hot_a itself_o the_o hammer_n be_v able_a though_o cold_a to_o warm_v the_o iron_n it_o beat_v upon_o and_o so_o the_o head_n of_o a_o nail_n grow_v hot_a when_o it_o can_v pierce_v no_o deep_o into_o wood_n the_o force_n of_o the_o beat_a hammer_n be_v not_o spend_v in_o depress_v the_o nail_n but_o put_v the_o resist_a part_n into_o agitation_n experiment_n vii_o and_o once_o i_o cause_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n to_o be_v beat_v by_o three_o smith_n till_o it_o grow_v so_o hot_a as_o to_o kindle_v sulphur_n upon_o it_o experiment_n viii_o and_o that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o percussion_n and_o attrition_n appear_v further_a since_o iron_n grow_v hot_a by_o be_v boil_v a_o knife_n by_o whet_v a_o brass_n nail_n by_o be_v rub_v and_o flint_n by_o be_v strike_v together_o experiment_n ix_o to_o show_v that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v without_o the_o attrition_n of_o contiguous_a air_n i_o place_v pitch_n under_o water_n and_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n cast_v into_o a_o focus_n by_o a_o burn_a glass_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v not_o only_o melt_v but_o seem_v to_o boil_v and_o smoke_n experiment_n x._o the_o powder_n of_o slack_v quicklime_n wash_v from_o its_o salt_n be_v mix_v with_o salarmoniack_a and_o melt_v together_o the_o cold_a mass_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n grow_v too_o hot_a to_o be_v touch_v with_o one_o hand_n though_o the_o salarmoniack_a itself_o in_o water_n produce_v cold._n experiment_n xi_o salarmoniack_a and_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v sublime_v together_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n in_o which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o salt_n remain_v instead_o of_o increase_v the_o coldness_n of_o water_n be_v pour_v upon_o it_o several_a month_n after_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n be_v first_o lay_v up_o give_v the_o water_n a_o notable_a degree_n of_o heat_n experiment_n xii_o equal_a part_n of_o antimony_n and_o salarmoniack_a be_v sublime_v with_o several_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o a_o glass-vessel_n we_o obtain_v three_o several_a substance_n which_o be_v several_o powder_v the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n which_o be_v like_o antimony_n be_v put_v into_o water_n in_o which_o a_o thermoscope_n be_v immerse_v scarce_o raise_v the_o liquor_n sensible_o but_o the_o yellow_a sublimate_n which_o consist_v of_o the_o sulphureous_a flower_n of_o antimony_n and_o the_o more_o volatile_a salt_n of_o the_o salarmoniack_a cause_v the_o weatherglass_n in_o another_o parcel_n of_o water_n to_o descend_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o the_o low_a sublimate_n which_o be_v black_a be_v put_v into_o a_o three_o parcel_n of_o water_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n subside_v near_o three_o inch_n but_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o minium_n and_o salarmoniack_a it_o neither_o cause_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n to_o rise_v or_o fall_v but_o the_o sublimate_n raise_v from_o these_o ingredient_n cause_v the_o liquor_n to_o subside_o a_o little_a experiment_n xiii_o whether_o solvent_n dissolve_v mineral_n and_o cause_n that_o heat_v observable_a in_o their_o action_n by_o any_o antipathy_n betwixt_o the_o mineral_n and_o the_o menstruum_fw-la or_o whether_o it_o do_v not_o rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n either_o dissolve_v by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o its_o part_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o metal_n or_o by_o obstruct_v the_o passage_n of_o some_o aethereal_a matter_n through_o those_o pore_n which_o want_v its_o usual_a course_n dissolve_v the_o metal_n by_o force_v a_o new_a way_n i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v but_o have_v agitate_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n with_o four_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n thereby_o it_o obtain_v a_o sensible_a heat_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o heat_v produce_v by_o mineral_n depend_v not_o on_o a_o conflict_n of_o acid_n and_o alkaly_n since_o water_n be_v void_a of_o either_o of_o those_o chemical_a quality_n experiment_n fourteen_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o wet_a ice_n be_v throw_v into_o a_o viol_n which_o before_o contain_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o oil_n mix_v with_o the_o water_n dissolve_v the_o ice_n and_o cause_v a_o strong_a fermentation_n and_o a_o violent_a heat_n experiment_n xv._o half_n a_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o ounce_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n present_o and_o almost_o most_o fill_v the_o bottle_n with_o fume_n and_o the_o bottle_n grow_v so_o hot_a at_o the_o last_o that_o i_o can_v not_o hold_v it_o in_o my_o hand_n the_o like_a succeed_v only_o in_o a_o more_o remiss_a degree_n with_o common_a brandy_n and_o also_o with_o aqua_fw-la vitæ_fw-la experiment_n xvi_o though_o the_o chemist_n teach_v that_o the_o incalescence_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o a_o antipathy_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n yet_o i_o find_v a_o intense_a heat_v ensue_v the_o mixture_n of_o part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n viz._n calcine_v colcothar_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n experiment_n xvii_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n mix_v together_o produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n experiment_n xviii_o a_o ounce_n of_o rectify_v petroleum_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o equal_a weight_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o former_a liquor_n seem_v to_o work_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o this_o like_o a_o menstruum_fw-la upon_o metal_n the_o fume_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n rise_v into_o the_o ol._n petrae_fw-la and_o the_o mutual_a re-action_n of_o both_o the_o liquor_n cause_v a_o moderate_a warmness_n and_o we_o have_v almost_o the_o like_a success_n with_o petroleum_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n but_o in_o these_o last_o mention_v trial_n spirit_n of_o salt_n make_v use_v of_o instead_o of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n have_v no_o such_o considerable_a effect_n experiment_n xix_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n cause_v a_o considerable_a effervescence_n upon_o file_n of_o steel_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v soak_v in_o water_n and_o it_o will_v grow_v sensible_o hot_a with_o lime_n oyster-shell_n chalk_n lapis_n calaminaris_n etc._n etc._n experiment_n xx._n oil_n of_o vitriol_n grow_v hot_a with_o cherry_n and_o likewise_o with_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n beat_v in_o a_o mortar_n as_o well_o as_o with_o several_a other_o vegetable_a substance_n and_o very_o considerable_o with_o crumb_n of_o white_a bread_n experiment_n xxi_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n cause_v a_o considerable_a heat_n if_o mix_v with_o mince_a flesh_n experiment_n xxii_o though_o sea-salt_n impart_v a_o coldness_n to_o water_n yet_o with_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n it_o cause_v heat_n yet_o with_o sal_fw-la armon_n part_n of_o which_o consist_v of_o common_a salt_n it_o produce_v a_o coldness_n experiment_n xxiii_o common_a sulphur_n acquire_v a_o heat_n by_o attritition_n and_o emit_v sulphureous_a steam_n copious_o so_o that_o sulphur_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o other_o body_n owe_v its_o heat_n to_o local_a motion_n experiment_n xxiv_o equal_a part_n
or_o rarefaction_n of_o air_n increase_v not_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o air_n we_o suspend_v a_o bladder_n half_n full_a of_o air_n with_o a_o counterpoise_n at_o a_o balance_n in_o our_o receiver_n and_o though_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v the_o bladder_n be_v sufficient_o distend_v yet_o it_o seem_v to_o retain_v the_o same_o weight_n whether_o dilate_a or_o contract_v chap._n iii_o new_a experiment_n concern_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o vary_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n upon_o some_o body_n in_o the_o water_n communicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o feb._n 24.1672_o 3._o water_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o differ_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n on_o body_n under_o water_n consider_v that_o the_o pore_n of_o most_o liquor_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o airy_a particle_n and_o that_o upon_o that_o account_n the_o atmosphere_n may_v according_a to_o its_o several_a degree_n of_o weight_n have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o they_o i_o cause_v three_o small_a glass-bubble_n with_o slender_a stem_n to_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v so_o equal_o poise_v in_o water_n by_o their_o weight_n that_o a_o little_a thing_n will_v make_v they_o emerge_n or_o sink_v and_o i_o observe_v that_o these_o be_v put_v into_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n sometime_o they_o will_v emerge_n and_o sometime_o subside_o and_o sometime_o emerge_n again_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n vary_a in_o weight_n or_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold._n and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n raise_v one_o of_o these_o bubble_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n will_v so_o rarisie_n the_o water_n include_v in_o they_o as_o to_o cause_v some_o of_o it_o to_o get_v out_o upon_o which_o the_o bubble_n emerge_v but_o when_o those_o beam_n be_v intercept_v the_o water_n be_v condense_v and_o get_v into_o the_o bubble_n again_o it_o will_v subside_o but_o when_o their_o subside_v depend_v on_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n if_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o baroscope_n stand_v high_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v not_o raise_v the_o bubble_n n._n b._n 1._o that_o the_o bubble_n not_o be_v all_o equal_o poise_v sometime_o one_o and_o sometime_o two_o will_v rise_v as_o the_o air_n be_v heavy_a or_o light_a and_o consequent_o capable_a of_o affect_v the_o light_a only_a or_o all_o 2._o the_o success_n do_v not_o always_o answer_v for_o when_o the_o subside_v depend_v on_o some_o occult_a cause_n they_o will_v continue_v there_o as_o if_o some_o airy_a part_n have_v insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o water_n 3._o the_o fit_a time_n for_o these_o experiment_n and_o in_o which_o they_o best_o succeed_v be_v in_o the_o spring_n the_o air_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o vary_v in_o its_o weight_n as_o well_o as_o other_o thing_n chap._n iu._n new_a experiment_n about_o the_o differ_a pressure_n of_o heavy_a solid_n and_o fluid_n fluid_n of_o the_o different_a pressure_n of_o solid_n and_o fluid_n one_o great_a reason_n why_o some_o learned_a man_n believe_v that_o the_o air_n have_v no_o such_o a_o considerable_a pressure_n on_o subjacent_a body_n as_o we_o teach_v be_v because_o they_o think_v it_o will_v be_v too_o heavy_a for_o animal_n body_n to_o live_v or_o move_v under_o it_o but_o since_o we_o have_v positive_a proof_n of_o it_o we_o may_v as_o well_o doubt_v whether_o the_o loadstone_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o attract_v and_o other_o virtue_n because_o we_o can_v understand_v how_o they_o be_v perform_v beside_o man_n be_v bear_v under_o such_o a_o pressure_n their_o body_n seem_v not_o only_a accustom_a to_o it_o but_o proportionable_o strong_a but_o can_v we_o suppose_v a_o man_n bear_v somewhere_o without_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o a_o atmosphere_n doubtless_o such_o body_n will_v not_o be_v so_o able_a as_o we_o to_o resist_v its_o pressure_n but_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o some_o that_o be_v there_o such_o a_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o will_v cause_v pain_n but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v answer_v that_o our_o body_n be_v from_o the_o birth_n accustom_v to_o it_o we_o only_o feel_v pain_n upon_o some_o new_a unaccustomed_a and_o additional_a pressure_n so_o when_o we_o be_v accustom_v to_o wear_v heavy_a clothes_n we_o be_v not_o sensible_a of_o their_o weight_n nor_o be_v we_o sensible_a of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o our_o heart_n because_o it_o be_v habitual_a to_o those_o part_n whereas_o if_o our_o finger_n be_v put_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o a_o new_o dissect_a animal_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o sensible_o hot_a but_o further_a from_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o cubick_a inch_n of_o air_n will_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a incumbent_a atmosphere_n and_o that_o a_o little_a quantity_n of_o air_n resist_v a_o further_a compression_n as_o well_o as_o a_o great_a and_o i_o have_v likewise_o show_v that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o part_n of_o animal_n whether_o fluid_a or_o consistent_a be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o numerous_a aerial_a bubble_n which_o cause_n those_o body_n to_o swell_v or_o expand_v in_o our_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o as_o for_o those_o membranous_a and_o fibrous_a part_n which_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o porous_a they_o be_v of_o so_o strong_a and_o firm_a a_o texture_n as_o to_o resist_v external_a pressure_n upon_o that_o account_n beside_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o partial_a pressure_n of_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la which_o press_v uniform_o and_o be_v resist_v either_o by_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o part_n or_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o airy_a particle_n contain_v within_o their_o pore_n and_o that_o the_o uniformness_n of_o the_o pressure_n make_v it_o less_o sensible_a be_v evident_a since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v so_o much_o light_a upon_o the_o top_n of_o some_o high_a mountain_n as_o not_o to_o elevate_v mercury_n so_o high_a in_o a_o baroscope_n by_o three_o inch_n as_o at_o the_o bottom_n yet_o those_o that_o have_v be_v upon_o those_o mountain_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o perceive_v no_o considerable_a difference_n in_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n above_o and_o below_o nor_o be_v miner_n sensible_a of_o any_o great_a weight_n upon_o they_o though_o in_o deep_a mine_n in_o mountainous_a country_n nor_o be_v divers_a sensible_a of_o any_o pressure_n when_o under_o water_n but_o that_o air_n weigh_v in_o air_n and_o that_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o make_v it_o evident_a yet_o i_o do_v think_v that_o a_o diver_n be_v violent_o depress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n since_o from_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o if_o a_o man_n body_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o water_n the_o subjacent_a 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into_o the_o scale_n to_o compensate_a the_o lightness_n of_o the_o horsehair_n since_o in_o such_o experiment_n the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o liquor_n exceed_v the_o gravity_n of_o the_o hair_n and_o consequent_o they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o buoy_v up_o the_o body_n immerse_v and_o misinform_v we_o in_o its_o true_a specific_a weight_n to_o the_o aforementioned_a way_n of_o hydrostatical_o estimate_v liquor_n we_o may_v add_v the_o follow_a and_o first_o it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o fill_v a_o vessel_n with_o a_o slender_a stem_n successive_o with_o different_a liquor_n and_o weigh_v they_o as_o also_o it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n make_v heavy_a at_o one_o end_n than_o the_o other_o by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v make_v to_o float_v and_o to_o swim_v deep_a or_o high_a above_o the_o water_n as_o the_o liquor_n contain_v be_v heavy_a or_o another_o way_n be_v by_o fit_v too_o bubble_n together_o with_o cement_n by_o which_o their_o stem_n be_v join_v and_o the_o one_o cause_v to_o sink_v low_a by_o a_o ballast_n of_o mercury_n as_o the_o other_o be_v fill_v with_o a_o heavy_a or_o light_a liquor_n it_o will_v manifest_o preponderate_v another_o way_n propose_v by_o mersennus_n be_v by_o weigh_v a_o glass_n and_o a_o stopple_n in_o water_n and_o then_o fill_v the_o bottle_n quite_o full_a and_o put_v in_o the_o stopple_n for_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o stopple_n be_v deduct_v from_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o remain_a weight_n will_v be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o liquor_n propose_v but_o instead_o of_o this_o we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o round_a glass-ball_n with_o a_o glass_n stopple_n which_o be_v first_o weigh_v in_o air_n and_o water_n and_o counterpoise_v there_o we_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o liquor_n contain_v and_o its_o proportion_n to_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o liquor_n it_o be_v weigh_v in_o and_o if_o the_o bubble_n be_v too_o light_a to_o subside_o in_o some_o heavy_a liquor_n we_o will_v bring_v it_o to_o a_o just_a weight_n by_o a_o ballast_n of_o mercury_n but_o since_o such_o vessel_n as_o these_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o be_v get_v and_o some_o other_o inconvenience_n attend_v it_o we_o think_v it_o less_o satisfactory_a than_o those_o other_o way_n we_o make_v use_v of_o and_o propose_v before_o a_o six_o use_v that_o may_v be_v make_v of_o these_o hydrostatical_a trial_n use_v vi_o be_v in_o reference_n to_o several_a medicinal_a body_n for_o thus_o the_o jucies_n of_o plant_n may_v be_v weigh_v if_o when_o they_o be_v contain_v in_o our_o hydrostatical_a jar_n delineate_v in_o the_o figure_n above_o they_o be_v hang_v at_o a_o nice_a balance_n in_o oil_n instead_o of_o water_n since_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o mix_v with_o it_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v we_o may_v be_v satisfy_v whether_o juice_n of_o plant_n alter_v their_o specific_a gravity_n when_o keep_v a_o good_a while_n and_o after_o fermentation_n and_o by_o this_o method_n likewise_o we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o weigh_v honey_n vinegar_n verjuice_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o we_o may_v compare_v and_o weigh_v the_o juice_n of_o fruit_n of_o different_a kind_n and_o the_o subordinate_a species_n of_o each_o kind_n as_o also_o the_o several_a juice_n in_o their_o several_a state_n of_o crudity_n or_o maturity_n but_o the_o use_n of_o this_o hydrostatical_a bucket_n be_v very_o tedious_a and_o difficult_a to_o those_o that_o be_v not_o very_o skilful_a in_o make_v experiment_n the_o other_o will_v be_v more_o useful_a which_o be_v try_v with_o amber_n but_o to_o what_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v on_o this_o subject_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o in_o several_a trial_n make_v with_o precious_a substance_n a_o nice_a balance_n be_v requisite_a yet_o in_o most_o case_n the_o difference_n betwixt_o body_n be_v great_a enough_o to_o be_v discern_v by_o a_o balance_n not_o altogether_o so_o nice_a for_o let_v the_o balance_n be_v never_o so_o nice_a there_o be_v difference_n in_o the_o texture_n and_o composition_n of_o body_n of_o the_o same_o denomination_n for_o which_o as_o well_o as_o in_o defect_n of_o a_o nice_a balance_n allowance_n be_v easy_o make_v but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v object_v by_o some_o against_o the_o method_n i_o have_v be_v propose_v that_o since_o i_o general_o weigh_v most_o body_n in_o water_n it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o make_v they_o with_o any_o exactness_n since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o most_o water_n themselves_o differ_v in_o specific_a gravity_n but_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v brief_o answer_v that_o i_o have_v not_o perceive_v so_o considerable_a a_o difference_n as_o will_v frustrate_v these_o experiment_n in_o which_o we_o require_v not_o a_o mathematical_a but_o a_o physical_a certainty_n chap._n xii_o hydrostatical_a stereometry_n apply_v to_o the_o materia_fw-la medica_fw-la it_o be_v usual_a for_o physician_n in_o the_o description_n of_o several_a part_n of_o the_o materia_fw-la medica_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o size_n of_o body_n by_o very_o indeterminate_a term_n i_o think_v that_o they_o may_v be_v assist_v by_o hydrostaticks_n to_o give_v description_n much_o more_o exact_a and_o satisfactory_a and_o for_o that_o end_n have_v make_v two_o hollow_a brass_n cube_n who_o cavity_n be_v cubical_a inch_n contain_v 256_o grain_n or_o a_o cubical_a inch_n of_o water_n it_o be_v a_o law_n in_o hydrostaticks_n that_o whatever_o body_n be_v weigh_v in_o water_n it_o lose_v so_o much_o of_o its_o weight_n as_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n weigh_v i_o conclude_v it_o will_v thence_o follow_v that_o whatever_o solid_a be_v weigh_v in_o water_n if_o in_o that_o fluid_fw-la it_o lose_v 256_o grain_n of_o its_o weight_n it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o cubical_a inch_n and_o as_o it_o lose_v more_o or_o
peculiar_a modification_n of_o ray_n of_o light_n on_o the_o superficies_n of_o body_n different_a from_o each_o other_o in_o other_o quality_n experiment_n vi._n have_v put_v into_o a_o glass-vessel_n a_fw-fr oculus_fw-la mundi_fw-la who_o diameter_n be_v about_o a_o three_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n the_o colour_n of_o which_o be_v white_a and_o its_o figure_n convex_a by_o degree_n the_o whole_a be_v turn_v brown_a and_o in_o nine_o minute_n time_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n be_v semidiaphanous_a which_o be_v a_o gain_n put_v into_o the_o water_n and_o after_o a_o little_a less_o than_o half_a a_o hour_n take_v out_o again_o be_v almost_o as_o yellow_a and_o diaphanous_a as_o amber_n but_o be_v for_o some_o time_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o begin_v gradual_o to_o grow_v opacous_a and_o to_o be_v mark_v in_o several_a place_n with_o white_a streak_n which_o by_o degree_n expand_v themselves_o unite_v so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o whole_a surface_n of_o the_o stone_n of_o a_o cream_n white_a experiment_n vii_o remarkable_a observation_n about_o hurricane_n hurricane_n observatious_a about_o hurricane_n i_o be_o inform_v by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o bermuda_n island_n that_o these_o be_v the_o foreruner_n of_o they_o first_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o shore_n the_o sea_n will_v swell_v second_o the_o water_n about_o a_o day_n after_o will_v beat_v violent_o against_o the_o shore_n and_o adjacent_a rock_n which_o can_v neither_o be_v attribute_v to_o wind_n or_o tide_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n beside_o which_o it_o will_v sometime_o on_o a_o sudden_a invade_v the_o shore_n successive_o as_o sudden_o subside_v again_o without_o any_o manifest_a cause_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o as_o the_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o shore_n be_v great_a the_o recess_n of_o the_o water_n be_v proportionable_a three_o a_o unpleasant_a smell_n in_o the_o air_n will_v precede_v the_o hurricane_a four_o long_o and_o visible_a streak_n appear_v in_o the_o air_n of_o very_a different_a colour_n as_o white_a blue_a red_a or_o green_a without_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o cloud_n experiment_n viii_o a_o monstrous_a pearl_n pearl_n of_o a_o monstrous_a pearl_n yester_n day_n be_v bring_v to_o i_o a_o pearl_n of_o a_o orient_a colour_n except_o one_o spot_v which_o i_o supposed_a be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o umbelical_a cord_n fasten_v it_o to_o the_o shell_n it_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o about_o 8_o 10_o of_o a_o inch_n broad_a experiment_n ix_o a_o strange_a observation_n about_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o moon_n moon_n observation_n on_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o be_o inform_v by_o a_o gentleman_n that_o upon_o a_o fall_n have_v several_a piece_n of_o his_o skull_n take_v out_o that_o he_o not_o only_o observe_v prick_v pain_n at_o the_o full_a of_o the_o moon_n about_o the_o meninge_n but_o likewise_o that_o the_o surgeon_n perceive_v a_o intumescence_n and_o expansion_n of_o those_o part_n experiment_n x._o a_o uncommon_a experiment_n about_o heat_n and_o cold._n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o our_o doctrine_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a cold._n of_o heat_n and_o cold._n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o immerse_v the_o ball_n of_o a_o thermoscope_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o a_o cylindrical_a vessel_n which_o contain_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o present_o cast_v salarmoniack_a into_o the_o oil_n upon_o the_o mixture_n of_o which_o there_o succeed_v a_o violent_a ebullition_n and_o likewise_o a_o gradual_a succession_n of_o coldness_n which_o be_v both_o perceive_v by_o touch_v the_o vessel_n and_o likewise_o by_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o thermometer_n yet_o this_o mixture_n instead_o of_o a_o cold_a effervescensce_fw-la present_o upon_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n become_v violent_a hot._n chap._n viii_o a_o collection_n of_o chemical_a experiment_n medicine_n a_o collection_n of_o chemical_a medicine_n my_o design_n in_o follow_a experiment_n be_v rather_o to_o lay_v down_o such_o as_o may_v be_v instructive_a to_o the_o reader_n than_o ostentation_n of_o my_o own_o skill_n i_o shall_v give_v this_o short_a advertisement_n that_o i_o have_v upon_o that_o account_n rather_o make_v choice_n of_o such_o as_o be_v easy_a than_o those_o that_o be_v difficult_a to_o be_v prepare_v those_o being_n more_o proper_a for_o my_o design_n which_o be_v to_o lay_v down_o fundamental_o for_o compile_v of_o natural_a philosophy_n because_o they_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v most_o intelligible_a for_o it_o do_v not_o always_o happen_v that_o that_o which_o be_v most_o please_a to_o the_o eye_n be_v most_o useful_a for_o though_o gold_n and_o diamond_n be_v valuable_a in_o themselves_o yet_o a_o piece_n of_o steel_n or_o flint_n be_v in_o effect_n in_o some_o respect_n of_o great_a use_n to_o mankind_n experiment_n i._o to_o dissolve_v crude_a gold_n with_o dry_a body_n though_o chemist_n so_o much_o boast_v of_o their_o aurum_fw-la potabile_fw-la body_n crude_a gold_n dissolve_v by_o a_o dry_a body_n as_o to_o think_v it_o a_o curious_a preparation_n yet_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o make_v one_o without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o furnace_n or_o so_o much_o time_n after_o the_o follow_a manner_n have_v ground_n four_o part_n of_o pure_a nitre_n with_o two_o of_o rock-allom_n and_o one_o of_o salarmoniack_a i_o put_v the_o mixture_n into_o a_o new_a crucible_n keep_v it_o in_o a_o moderate_a heat_n till_o the_o mixture_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v dry_a which_o be_v take_v out_o and_o present_o pulverize_v it_o afford_v a_o golden_a tincture_n in_o high_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n experiment_n ii_o luna_n cornea_n by_o distillation_n distillation_n luna_fw-la cornea_n by_o distillation_n three_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v put_v into_o a_o retort_n upon_o six_o ounce_n of_o strong_a sublimate_n by_o a_o strong_a fire_n the_o sublimate_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n leave_v the_o silver_n half_o melt_v and_o turn_v into_o a_o semidiaphanous_a horny_a substance_n which_o will_v melt_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n like_o wax_n n._n b._n that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o phaenomena_n in_o this_o or_o other_o experiment_n above_o what_o the_o title_n promise_n the_o apology_n i_o make_v for_o they_o be_v that_o as_o they_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o promote_a of_o natural_a philosophy_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o so_o i_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o pass_v they_o by_o without_o notice_n experiment_n iii_o mercury_n grow_v warm_a with_o silver_n silver_n mercury_n grow_v warm_a with_o silver_n have_v gradual_o mix_v the_o precipitate_a of_o silver_n make_v with_o copper_n with_o two_o drachm_n of_o antimonial_a mercury_n in_o a_o man_n hand_n till_o it_o have_v reduce_v to_o a_o yield_a consistence_n three_o quarter_n of_o its_o own_o weight_n we_o put_v the_o amalgama_n which_o be_v note_v to_o be_v sensible_o warm_a during_o the_o mixture_n and_o of_o a_o uniform_a consistence_n into_o a_o glass_n vial_n which_o in_o two_o night_n time_n become_v a_o hard_a and_o brittle_a concrete_a experiment_n iu._n the_o last_a disposition_n of_o a_o certain_a preparation_n of_o mercury_n to_o grow_v hot_a with_o gold_n i_o send_v a_o mercury_n to_o the_o royal_a society_n which_o be_v prepare_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n in_o my_o furnace_n gold_n mercury_n grow_v hot_a with_o gold_n which_o be_v mix_v in_o one_o hand_n with_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o calx_fw-la of_o gold_n may_v be_v perceive_v to_o acquire_v a_o sensible_a heat_n which_o faculty_n it_o retain_v be_v hermetical_o seal_v in_o a_o glass_n egg_n ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n and_o what_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v separate_v by_o distillation_n will_v when_o mix_v again_o with_o gold_n reiterate_v the_o former_a incalescence_n experiment_n v._o a_o uncommon_a method_n of_o work_v upon_o antimony_n antimony_n a_o particular_a way_n of_o work_v upon_o antimony_n in_o the_o common_a method_n of_o operate_n upon_o antimony_n the_o air_n not_o only_o influence_v the_o fire_n in_o its_o operation_n but_o also_o bear_v up_o several_a of_o its_o particle_n which_o work_v upon_o each_o other_o as_o in_o a_o medium_fw-la i_o take_v the_o follow_a method_n to_o try_v what_o effect_n the_o fire_n will_v have_v upon_o it_o viz._n i_o lay_v s_n s_o s_o of_o common_a chalk_n and_o antimony_n powder_v in_o a_o earthen_a pot_n and_o place_v it_o in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n where_o it_o continue_v about_o twenty_o four_o hour_n have_v take_v care_n that_o the_o first_o and_o last_o stratum_n shall_v be_v of_o chalk_n and_o that_o the_o layer_n of_o antimony_n shall_v be_v pretty_a thin_a experiment_n vi_o a_o method_n very_o uncommon_a of_o make_v a_o calces_fw-la of_o gold_n gold_n calces_fw-la of_o gold_n preparation_n of_o gold_n
that_o not_o to_o intimate_v that_o a_o body_n may_v have_v many_o similar_v quality_n in_o respect_n of_o another_o body_n and_o yet_o distinct_a operation_n on_o a_o three_o substance_n i_o say_v not_o to_o intimate_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o considerable_a difference_n betwixt_o volatile_a salt_n or_o spirit_n as_o they_o be_v common_o prepare_v and_o when_o prepare_v as_o they_o may_v by_o reiterated_a rectification_n and_o other_o way_n of_o depuration_n by_o a_o dextrous_a chemist_n to_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o purity_n and_o simplicity_n a_o great_a degree_n i_o say_v because_o it_o may_v be_v difficult_a to_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o absolute_a purity_n since_o unheeded_a commixture_n may_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o some_o corpuscle_n of_o fire_n with_o the_o body_n they_o work_v upon_o and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a difference_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o other_o alkaly_n as_o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o hartshorn_n be_v evident_a to_o several_a people_n who_o though_o they_o abhor_v the_o odour_n of_o spirit_n of_o blood_n yet_o they_o will_v with_o pleasure_n hold_v their_o nose_n a_o great_a while_n over_o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o salarmoniack_a and_o though_o from_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o salarmoniack_a with_o spirit_n of_o salt_n i_o have_v get_v a_o salt_n which_o shoot_v into_o the_o shape_n of_o that_o of_o urine_n or_o salarmoniack_a yet_o i_o have_v seldom_o if_o ever_o obtain_v a_o salt_n of_o the_o like_a shape_n from_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o humane_a blood_n with_o that_o of_o common_a salt_n for_o though_o upon_o a_o evaporation_n of_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n the_o salt_n will_v coagulate_v together_o yet_o the_o concretion_n seem_v confuse_v and_o not_o of_o the_o regular_a shape_n of_o those_o salt_n result_v from_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o sea-salt_n with_o urinous_a spirit_n and_o helmont_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n will_v cure_v epilepsy_n which_o spirit_n of_o urine_n will_v not_o do_v title_n v._o of_o the_o quantity_n of_o spirit_n contain_v in_o human_a blood_n whether_o accompany_v with_o its_o serum_n or_o dry_v this_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v since_o some_o man_n blood_n be_v much_o more_o phlegmatic_a than_o other_o or_o more_o serous_a which_o may_v of_o itself_o be_v more_o spirituous_a according_a to_o the_o complexion_n age_n sex_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o person_n that_o bleed_v twelve_o ounce_n of_o healthy_a human_a blood_n afford_v we_o seven_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o phlegm_n and_o consequent_o about_o four_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o dry_a stuff_n and_o have_v distil_v in_o a_o retort_n in_o a_o sand_n furnace_n seven_o ounce_n of_o well_o dry_a blood_n we_o obtain_v about_o a_o eight_o part_n of_o spirit_n which_o though_o not_o rectify_v leave_v in_o the_o receiver_n and_o viol_n i_o keep_v it_o in_o a_o good_a deal_n of_o volatile_a salt_n undissolved_a which_o a_o phlegmatic_a liquor_n will_v not_o have_v do_v and_o if_o spirit_n of_o blood_n be_v but_o a_o salt_n and_o phlegm_n unite_v we_o may_v well_o suppose_v that_o human_a blood_n yield_v a_o far_o great_a proportion_n of_o spirit_n than_o this_o since_o from_o the_o seven_o ounce_n of_o dry_a blood_n we_o obtain_v about_o five_o drachm_n of_o volatile_a salt_n which_o have_v it_o be_v unite_a with_o a_o due_a quantity_n of_o phlegm_n it_o will_v probable_o have_v afford_v we_o near_o two_o ounce_n more_o of_o a_o liquor_n deserve_v the_o name_n of_o spirit_n title_n vi_o of_o the_o consistence_n and_o specific_a gravity_n of_o human_n blood_n a_o compact_a body_n which_o in_o the_o air_n weigh_v fifty_o eight_o grain_n and_o in_o water_n weigh_v six_o grain_n and_o ¾_n in_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n weigh_v but_o five_o grain_n and_o ¼_n and_o what_o be_v considerable_a be_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o amber_n will_v not_o subside_o to_o the_o bottom_n but_o keep_v float_v upon_o the_o top_n and_o if_o plunge_v into_o it_o will_v emerge_n again_o as_o for_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o fluidity_n of_o the_o blood_n or_o its_o immunity_n from_o tenaciousness_n though_o divers_a other_o alkalizated_a liquor_n as_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la fix_v nitre_n resolve_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v sensible_o unctuous_a and_o but_o languid_o fluid_a yet_o i_o observe_v that_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n do_v not_o appear_v more_o unctuous_a than_o common_a water_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v common_o find_v that_o as_o liquor_n be_v more_o spirituous_a so_o the_o bubble_n raise_v by_o agitation_n soon_a disappear_v i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o spirit_n of_o blood_n be_v almost_o as_o soon_o clear_a of_o they_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o when_o some_o drop_n of_o it_o be_v let_v fall_v they_o manifest_o appear_v less_o than_o drop_v of_o water_n to_o discover_v the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o part_n of_o human_a blood_n we_o so_o prepare_v common_a water_n by_o infusion_n make_v in_o it_o without_o heat_n that_o by_o put_v one_o single_a drop_n of_o our_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n into_o ten_o ounce_n and_o four_o scruple_n of_o the_o prepare_a water_n and_o light_o shake_v the_o viol_n there_o appear_v throughout_o the_o liquor_n a_o manifest_a colour_n whereof_o no_o degree_n be_v discernible_a before_o so_o that_o it_o disperse_v itself_o through_o a_o thousand_o time_n as_o much_o water_n and_o produce_v a_o manifest_a change_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o it_o and_o though_o this_o computation_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o common_a supposition_n that_o a_o drop_v of_o water_n weigh_v a_o grain_n yet_o though_o it_o weigh_v more_o a_o little_a the_o difference_n be_v recompense_v since_o have_v drop_v ten_o drop_n of_o common_a water_n into_o a_o common_a balance_n well_o adjust_v and_o have_v likewise_o drop_v ten_o drop_n of_o this_o spirit_n we_o find_v that_o the_o last_o be_v not_o only_o less_o in_o bulk_n but_o light_a since_o they_o weigh_v not_o above_o four_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n to_o which_o it_o extend_v itself_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v as_o one_o to_o betwixt_o 4000_o and_o 5000_o and_o this_o subtlety_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v yet_o much_o great_a if_o we_o consider_v that_o some_o part_n even_o of_o this_o drop_n must_v needs_o be_v phlegm_n title_n vii_o of_o the_o odour_n taste_n colour_n and_o transparency_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_n blood_n that_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o some_o liquor_n potential_o cold_a since_o it_o refrigerate_v they_o and_o with_o reference_n to_o other_o potential_o hot_a since_o be_v mix_v with_o they_o it_o render_v they_o hot_a may_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a instance_n for_o have_v put_v the_o low_a end_n of_o a_o hermetical_o seal_v weatherglass_n into_o a_o slender_a cylindrical_a glass_n we_o pour_v as_o much_o moderate_o strong_a spirit_n of_o blood_n into_o it_o as_o cover_v the_o ball_n and_o then_o drop_v on_o that_o liquor_n some_o good_a spirit_n of_o salt_n upon_o which_o ensue_v a_o conflict_n accompany_v with_o a_o noise_n bubble_n and_o heat_v which_o make_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n present_o ascend_v above_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a which_o experiment_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o several_a other_o volatile_a alkaly_n be_v mix_v with_o acid_n produce_v a_o notable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o whereas_o i_o have_v several_a time_n find_v by_o trial_n that_o the_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n will_v with_o volatile_a salt_n of_o salarmoniack_a or_o urine_n produce_v a_o real_a coldness_n this_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n be_v mix_v in_o the_o small_a cylindrical_a glass_n with_o spirit_n of_o blood_n moderate_o strong_a not_o only_o produce_v a_o hiss_a noise_n and_o store_n of_o bubble_n but_o a_o actual_a heat_n upon_o which_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o thermoscope_n ascend_v above_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a though_o both_o the_o liquor_n employ_v amount_v not_o to_o above_o two_o spoonful_n title_n viii_o of_o the_o dissolutive_a power_n of_o spirit_n of_o human_n blood_n that_o this_o spirit_n be_v not_o only_o a_o good_a medicine_n for_o several_a disease_n but_o be_v also_o a_o good_a menstruum_fw-la will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a instance_n and_o first_o have_v pour_v spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n upon_o crude_a copper_n in_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o liquor_n be_v tinge_v blueish_a which_o colour_n grow_v high_a and_o high_o till_o in_o some_o hour_n it_o be_v deep_o ceruleous_a and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v drop_v a_o drop_n or_o two_o of_o spirit_n of_o blood_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o
long_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o the_o same_o peccant_a matter_n may_v produce_v several_a distemper_n as_o its_o effect_n be_v diversify_v partly_o by_o its_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n as_o well_o as_o more_o or_o less_o active_a quality_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o particular_a nature_n or_o structure_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o part_n that_o it_o invade_v which_o seem_v to_o be_v favour_v by_o the_o frequent_a metastasis_n of_o morbific_a matter_n in_o several_a distemper_n since_o the_o same_o acid_n or_o sharp_a humour_n sometime_o occasion_v a_o colic_n sometime_o after_o that_o a_o palsy_n at_o other_o time_n a_o cough_n a_o flux_n of_o the_o belly_n a_o opthalmia_fw-la a_o violent_a headache_n convulsion_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o peccant_a humour_n fall_v upon_o this_o or_o that_o part_n upon_o which_o account_n one_o or_o two_o medicine_n may_v be_v able_a to_o cure_v several_a distemper_n especial_o if_o endue_v with_o any_o variety_n of_o active_a virtue_n and_o upon_o these_o ground_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n may_v be_v a_o good_a remedy_n in_o several_a internal_a affection_n of_o the_o body_n and_o indeed_o volatile_a alkaly_n in_o general_n have_v be_v so_o prosperous_o make_v use_n of_o in_o physic_n since_o the_o year_n 1656_o as_o to_o invite_v several_a physician_n to_o employ_v they_o instead_o of_o other_o medicine_n which_o clog_n and_o weaken_v the_o patient_n and_o want_v several_a advantageous_a quality_n which_o may_v be_v find_v in_o volatile_a alkaly_n and_o indeed_o spirit_n of_o human_a blood_n mortify_v acid_n salt_n which_o occasion_n several_a disease_n it_o be_v likewise_o a_o great_a resolvent_fw-la and_o fit_a to_o open_a obstruction_n which_o produce_v not_o a_o few_o disease_n it_o be_v also_o diaphoretic_n and_o diuretic_n and_o able_a to_o discharge_v several_a noxious_a salt_n and_o to_o expel_v several_a malignant_a and_o contagious_a particle_n of_o matter_n it_o resist_v putrefaction_n and_o coagulation_n and_o give_v a_o briskness_n and_o spirituousness_n to_o the_o blood_n which_o promote_v free_a circulation_n upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v a_o good_a cordial_n and_o a_o antidote_n against_o some_o poison_n it_o be_v very_o friendly_a to_o the_o genus_fw-la nervosum_fw-la and_o to_o cure_v its_o distemper_n and_o balsamic_a in_o some_o sort_n of_o asthams_n it_o neither_o cause_v great_a evacuation_n nor_o do_v it_o clog_v the_o stomach_n or_o be_v disadvantageous_a in_o any_o manifest_a quality_n and_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v very_o good_a in_o such_o case_n as_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a have_v be_v find_v successful_a in_o helmont_n commend_v it_o in_o epilepsy_n which_o he_o say_v it_o will_v cure_v in_o adult_n person_n and_o i_o have_v know_v it_o cure_v a_o inveterate_a consumptive_a cough_n and_o a_o very_a bad_a headache_n which_o have_v a_o long_a time_n baffle_v very_o eminent_a physician_n but_o beside_o the_o virtue_n it_o have_v when_o simple_o use_v its_o virtue_n may_v be_v ennoble_v and_o diversify_v by_o a_o long_a digestion_n or_o frequent_a cohobation_n of_o the_o spirit_n with_o the_o oil_n salt_n or_o phlegm_n of_o the_o same_o concrete_a or_o by_o unite_n it_o with_o acid_n as_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n or_o vinegar_n verdigrease_n oil_n of_o vitriol_n etc._n etc._n either_o use_v in_o a_o liquid_a form_n or_o when_o reduce_v by_o evaporation_n into_o crystal_n or_o the_o virtue_n of_o it_o may_v be_v ennoble_v by_o unite_n our_o spirit_n with_o metalline_a solution_n as_o of_o gold_n silver_n or_o mercury_n and_o with_o solution_n of_o minium_n make_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o which_o liquor_n and_o a_o slow_a evaporation_n of_o they_o i_o have_v obtain_v fine_o shape_v crystal_n or_o again_o either_o by_o unite_n with_o it_o sulphur_n open_v with_o salt_n of_o tartar_n or_o by_o dissolve_v in_o it_o metalline_a body_n as_o copper_n zinke_n and_o iron_n or_o by_o add_v about_o a_o double_a weight_n of_o alcohol_n of_o wine_n for_o these_o liquor_n be_v shake_v together_o will_v in_o a_o very_a great_a measure_n coagulate_v into_o a_o salt_n which_o will_v retain_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o quickness_n and_o penetrancy_n and_o why_o such_o salt_n as_o these_o shall_v not_o be_v efficacious_a i_o see_v no_o reason_n since_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o a_o mixture_n though_o make_v with_o another_o urinous_a spirit_n have_v have_v extraordinary_a effect_n in_o fever_n nor_o be_v the_o liquor_n this_o salt_n leave_v behind_o useless_a in_o medicine_n when_o well_o dephlegm_v but_o this_o spirit_n may_v be_v render_v still_o more_o commodious_a if_o impregnate_v with_o essential_a oil_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v several_a oily_a volatile_a salt_n may_v be_v produce_v which_o may_v be_v useful_a in_o peculiar_a distemper_n as_o those_o oil_n respect_v this_o or_o that_o part_n in_o their_o medicinal_a virtue_n chap._n x._o a_o appendix_n to_o the_o memoirs_fw-fr for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o human_a blood_n contain_v first_o particular_n referable_a to_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o forego_n history_n experiment_n i._n have_v cause_v twelve_o ounce_n of_o dry_a blood_n to_o be_v careful_o distil_v the_o substance_n obtain_v from_o it_o be_v of_o volatile_a salt_n and_o spirit_n together_o five_o ounce_n the_o liquor_n pour_v off_o from_o the_o wet_a salt_n be_v thirteen_o drachm_n fifty_o four_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o salt_n be_v three_o ounce_n two_o drachm_n and_o six_o grain_n of_o fetid_v oil_n there_o be_v two_o ounce_n of_o caput_n mortuum_n four_o ounce_n and_o two_o drachm_n so_o that_o about_o six_o drachm_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v consume_v in_o the_o operation_n the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n be_v calcine_v yield_v but_o six_o drachm_n and_o a_o half_a of_o ash_n the_o fix_a oleaginous_a part_n be_v consume_v by_o the_o accension_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o ash_n be_v red_a when_o cool_a though_o in_o the_o fire_n they_o appear_v white_a as_o soon_o as_o the_o oil_n be_v consume_v these_o ash_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o lixivium_n afford_v five_o scruple_n of_o white_a fix_a salt_n beside_o a_o little_a which_o get_v into_o the_o contiguous_a sand_n which_o be_v recover_v by_o water_n and_o reduce_v to_o a_o salt_n make_v a_o scruple_n more_o so_o that_o there_o remain_v for_o the_o terra_fw-la damnata_fw-la fourteen_o scruple_n and_o a_o half_a which_o be_v a_o good_a deal_n above_o twice_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o salt_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o pure_a fix_a salt_n be_v but_o between_o the_o fifty_o seven_o and_o fifty_o eight_o part_n of_o dry_a blood_n and_o therefore_o probable_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o about_o the_o 170th_o part_n of_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n and_o the_o fix_a earth_n be_v to_o dry_a blood_n as_o about_o nineteen_o and_o about_o a_o half_a to_o one_o experiment_n ii_o a_o parcel_n of_o blood_n weigh_v ten_o ounce_n and_o seventy_o three_o grain_n be_v slow_o distil_v to_o dryness_n in_o a_o head_n and_o body_n on_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n afford_v of_o phlegmatic_a liquor_n seven_o ounce_n two_o drachm_n and_o forty_o seven_o grain_n and_o of_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n or_o dry_a substance_n two_o ounce_n two_o drachm_n this_o pulverable_a matter_n be_v distil_v in_o a_o retort_n by_o degree_n of_o fire_n yield_v two_o drachm_n forty_o eight_o grain_n of_o oil_n the_o spirit_n be_v pour_v off_o the_o salt_n weigh_v but_o forty_o eight_o grain_n and_o the_o salt_n be_v wash_v out_o with_o the_o distil_a water_n we_o obtain_v thence_o by_o sublimation_n into_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o glass-egg_n one_o drachm_n five_o grain_n of_o dry_a salt_n the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n weigh_v six_o drachm_n twelve_o grain_n which_o be_v careful_o calcine_v yield_v two_o scruple_n and_o four_o grain_n of_o ash_n which_o be_v red_a and_o these_o be_v elixivate_v afford_v eighteen_o grain_n of_o salt_n beside_o the_o remain_a earth_n which_o be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n with_o a_o eye_n of_o purple_a particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o primary_n title_n of_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o human_n blood_n experiment_n i._n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n put_v upon_o blood_n turn_v its_o red_a colour_n of_o a_o dark_a or_o dirty_a colour_n experiment_n ii_o juice_n of_o lemon_n pour_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o blood_n impair_v its_o florid_n colour_n experiment_n iii_o juice_n of_o orange_n change_v blood_n less_o than_o lemon_n experiment_n iu._n the_o black_a part_n of_o clot_a blood_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n present_o become_v of_o a_o pleasant_a and_o florid_n colour_n experiment_n v._n spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a drop_v upon_o black_a clot_a blood_n present_o render_v it_o florid_n but_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o open_a air._n experiment_n vi._n fix_a alkaly_n or_o lixiviate_v salt_n resolve_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la turn_v it_o red_a but_o not_o so_o florid_n as_o the_o