prepared thus Being powder'd make it red-hot in a Crucible and pour to it of well-dulcified Oyl of Mars the same quantity let them continue over the fire until they be dry 3. The Oyl of Mars is prepared thus Take of Allom one pound of common Salt four ounces distil an Aqua fortis from them in a reverberatory Furnace with this water imbibe the Filings of Steel several times a day and a rust will stick which must be washt off clean let the water evaporate from it to an oyliness which must be dulcified by evaporating common water from it once or twice The manner of preparing Lapis Calaminaris Powder it very small and heat it red-hot in a Crucible and quench it by pouring Vinegar a-top it this repeat thrice The Tuthia is prepared in the same manner excepting that instead of Vinegar it must be quenched with Fenil or Celandine-water The Preparation of Crocus Veneris Take Copper beaten into very thin Plates put them into a Crucible in Layes which is termed among Chymists Stratum supra stratum one over the other strewing some common Salt between every Lay then cause them to be nealed together which done cast the Plates and Salt into cold water and wash them clean from their blackness then put them again in Lays with Salt as before neal them and then cast them into cold water This nealing and washing repeat three or four times or oftner The water wherein the Plates were washed being setled decant or pour off from the setlings on the bottom which must be sweetned by oft pouring warm water on them and letting them settle and then pouring it off again repeat the washing so oft until the aforesaid settlings taste free of the Salt Crocus Martis prepare thus Put Filings of Steel into a Crucible which set in a reveberatory-Furnace for four and twenty hours then cast the red-hot Steel into a large earthen Pan that 's full of water stir it well together and pour it off into another earthen Pan then evaporate the water and on the bottom you will finde the Crocus Martis The Preparation of the Earth of Vitriol Calcine Vitriol in an earthen Pot to a red colour powder it and pour water on it which let stand four and twenty hours to settle then pour off the water This repeat so often until it 's sweetned and all the sharpness is taken off These Emplasters are sufficient for all intentions however those that desire to make use of some other common Emplasters they may buy them from the Druggists that keep Journey-men Apothecaries for the same purpose at as cheap a rate as they can prepare them themselves which is far cheaper than you buy them from the Apothecaries who oft by keeping them too long in their Shops or not preparing them exactly sell Emplasters far worse and of much less vertue than those that are sold by the Druggists who commonly take great care that their Medicaments shall be well and exactly prepared THe Rates of Emplasters at the Druggists you may see at the end of the ensuing Table of Rates and Prices of Druggs The Rates and Prices current of Drugs and other Commodities belonging to Physick as they are commonly sold at by the Druggists in London Radices or Roots A Corus the pound 2 Shillings Angelica the pound 6 d. Aristolochia rotunda the pound 1 s. Aristolochia longa the pound 1 s. Asarum the pound 2 s. 8 d. Behen Album the pound 2 s. 8 d. Behen Rubrum the pound 2 s. 8 d. Bistort the pound 9 d. Carlina the pound 8 d. China according to its goodness the pound from 4 s. to 6 s. China lapid or Flinty China the pound 2 s. 8 d. Contrayerva the pound 12 s. Costus dulcis the pound 2 s. 8 d. Costus amarus the pound 2 s. 8 d. Curcuma Turmerick the pound 8 d. Cyperus longus the pound 1 s. Cyperus rotundus the pound 1 s. 4 d. Dictamnum album the pound 1 s. 6 d. Doronicum Romanum the pound 5 s. 4 d. Elicampane the pound 1 s. Eringo the pound 1 s. 4 d. Galanga Galingal the pound 4 s. Gentian the pound 8 d. Glycyrrhiza Angl. or English Liquoris the pound 1 s. Glycyrrhiza Hisp. or Spanish Liquoris the pound 6 d. Hellebore white the pound 1 s. Hellebore black the pound 1 s. Hermodactyls the pound 1 s. Ialap the pound 3 s. 4 d. Iris Flor. Orris of Florence the pound 8 d. Mechoacan the pound 5 s. 4 d. Meum the pound 5 s. Rad. phu maj the pound 4 s. Polypodium of the Oak the pound 8 d. Pyrethrum the pound 1 s. Rhapontic the pound 2 s. 8 d. Rhubarb the best the pound 14 s. Rubia tinctorum the pound 1 s. 6 d. Sarsaparil according to its goodness the pound from 4 s. to 5 s. Scorzonera the pound 2 s. 8 d. Serpentaria Virginiana the pound 8 s. Squils the pound 6 d. Spikenard Celt the pound 2 s. 8 d. Spikenard Indian the pound 8 s. Thapsia the pound 6 s. Tormentil the pound 10 d. Turbith the pound 6 s. Zedoary the pound 2 s. Cortices or Barks CAssia lignea the pound 1 s. 8 d. Cortex Elatheriae the ounce 5 d. Clove-bark the pound 2 s. Caper-bark the pound 1 s. 4 d. Guaiacum-bark the pound 6 d. Iesuits bark the ounce 4 s. Pomgranat-bark the pound 1 s. 4 d. Tamarise-bark the pound 1 s. 4 d. Winters-bark the pound 2 s. Ligna or Woods LIgnum Aloës the ounce 9 d. Lignum Aspalathi the ounce 1 s. Lignum Colubrinum the pound 5 s. Lignum Guaiaci or Lignum Vitae the pound 2 d. Lignum Iuniperi the pound 1 s. Lignum Mastichinum the pound 2 s. Lignum Nephriticum the pound 8 s. Lignum Rhodii the pound 6 d. Santalum album white Sanders the pound 3 s. 4 d. Santalum citrinum yellow Sanders the pound 2. s. 8 d. Santalum rubrum red Sanders the pound 8 d. Sassafras cut the pound 6 d. Folia or Leaves ADianthum album the pound 1 s. 8 d. Adianthum nigrum the pound 1 s. 4 d Dictamnum Creticum leaves the pound 5 s. 4 d. Cuscuta the pound 1 s. Ceterach the pound 1 s. 6 d. Epithymum the pound 2 s. 8 d. Chamaepitys the pound 1 s. 8 d. Malabathr leaves the pound 8 s. Soldanella the pound 1 s. 6 d. Scordium Creticum the pound 1 s 4. d. Scordium common the pound 1 s. Senna Alexandr the best the pound 4 s. Senna of Aleppo the pound 3 s. Flores or Flowers BAlaustia the pound 5 s. 4 d. Chamomel-flow the pound 1 s. 2 d. Crocus Angl. English-Saffron according to its goodness the pound at present is from 50 s. to 54 s. Crocus Hisp. Spanish-Saffron the pound 24 s. Crocus Orient India-Saffron the ounce 3 s. 6 d. Melilot-flowers the pound 1 s. Flor. Origani the pound 2 s. 8 d. Flor. Polii montani the pound 2 s. 8 d. Red Rose-flow dried the pound 4 s. Flor. Staechados the pound 2
together and pour on them the Wine and Briony-juice This Water when it is distilled as it ought to be is not good enough to wash your hands and consequently of little vertue to be taken inwardly for not a quarter of the strength of the Ingredients doth come over the Helm Wherefore let me advise you rather to prepare this Water against Fits thus Instead of the Juice of Briony Take dried Briony-roots beaten to a gross powder two ounces the rest of the Herbs being all dried and the other Ingredients poudered gross and in the same quantity as they are set down before Instead of three pints of Canary take a quart of the best Nants Brandy Put them into a Glass and let them steep six days in warm Ashes then strain the liquor off and keep it in a glass Bottle cork'd up for your use An half ounce of this Liquor doth contain more vertue than half a pint of the other distilled Water What this Liquor or Water will stand you in is not difficult to compute by what is informed you before therefore I shall spare the pains of summing it up here The Apothecaries prices are three shillings six pence or four shillings the pint and three pence or four pence the ounce The Description of Aqua Limacum Magistralis or the London Snail-water against Consumptions THis compound Water is so ridiculous that I am ashamed to see it in any Dispensatory for the chief thing aimed at is through the cool clammy and glutinous substance of the liquor of Snails 1. To cool the heat of the Hectick Fever 2. To repair the parts consumed 3. To facilitate Expectoration that is to make the matter come up easie by Cough through its lenifying quality whereby it sweeteneth the humors by allaying those gnawing Salts that prey on the Lungs Now in distilling of the Snails there is no part of their unctuous or glutinous Liquor passeth the Alembick but a meer Elementary Water The same may be said also of the Hogs Blood For this and other reasons I do commend to you this following Liquor of Snails Take of Garden-snails especially those off a Vine with their shells a pound first wash them well with water and a little salt then wash them once or twice more with fair water to wash off the salt bruise them with their shells in a stone Mortar to a mash adde to them Ground-Ivie Speedwell Lungwort Scabious Burnet Coltsfoot and Nettle-tops of each a handful English Liquoris half an ounce Dates stoned twelve in number of the four greater cold Seeds and Marshmallow seeds of each one dram and half Saffron a scruple Put them into a new glazed Pipkin and pour on them a quart of Spring-water fasten the Cover close to the Pipkin by pasting it round with Dough. Let it stand twelve hours upon hot Cinders or rather in a Kettle of hot water over the fire then strain and press out the Liquor dissolving into it while it 's warm a quarter of a pound of clarified Honey put it into a Glass and keep it in the Cellar Note That the Herbs must be shred the Seeds bruised and the Liquoris cut small What concerns the other compound Waters described in the Dispensatory they either agreeing in vertue with some of these forementioned or being not very aptly composed or other Medicines being at hand that instead of them may immediately according to the Prescription of your Family-Physician be prepared with far greater profit and benefit to the Patient for those reasons I have omitted setting down any more of the said Dispensatory-Waters CHAP. III. Of Syrups The Description of Syrupus Altheae or Syrup of Marshmallows TAke Marshmallow-roots two ounces Grass-roots Asparagus-roots Liquoris raspt and Raisins stoned of each half an ounce red Cicers one ounce the tops of Marsh-mallows Mallows Pellitory Burnet Plantane Wall-rue and Maidenhair of each one handful the four greater cold Seeds and the four lesser cold Seeds of each three drams Boil them in three quarts of fair water unto two quarts strain the Liquor into your Syrup-pan and dissolve into it three pounds and half of good Bahi Sugar which will go as far as four pounds of Barbadoes and preserve the Syrup much better The manner of Preparing The Marshmallow-roots by scraping with a knife must be freed from those strings that hang about them likewise their hard cordy substance must be taken away from them then wash them well and bruise them in the Mortar Also wash the Grass-roots and Asparagus-roots and bruise them scrape off the black outside from the Liquoris and bruise it into strings or rasp it wash the Herbs clean for cleanliness in preparing of Medicines is wholsome and no less commendable than it is in Cookery First then put into your Pipkin being placed on a clear fire and containing three quarts of water the Marshmallow Asparagus and Grass-roots because they require longest boiling a while after put in the Cicers and not long after that put in the Herbs being shred the next you must put in are the Seeds Liquoris and Raisins being sufficiently boil'd strain and press the Liquor out and then clarifie it The manner how to clarifie Decoctions and Apozemes you shall be informed of at the end of this Chapter Having dissolved your Sugar to the Decoction boil it gently until it comes to the due thickness of a Syrup Note The four greater cold Seeds are these 1. Pompion 2. Cucumber 3. Gourge 4. Melon-seeds The four lesser cold Seeds are 1. Succory 2. Endive 3. Lettice 4. Purslain-seeds The Prices The Ingredients come to 9 d. The Sugar 21 d. Fire 3 d. or 4 d. The whole amounts to 2 s. 10 d. For which you have five pints eight ounces allowing the fourth part waste which evaporates in the boiling it up to a Syrup so that it will stand you in about three farthings the ounce The Apothecaries prices By the pint two shillings By the ounce three pence The Description of Syrupus Garyophyllorum or Syrup of Gilliflowers TAke fragrant Gilli flowers cut off from their white strings one pound pour on them a quart of Spring-water and let them stand all night Then strain the Liquor and being gently warmed dissolve therein four pound of the whitest Sugar without boiling it The manner of preparing 1. Buy the most fragrant Gilliflowers that are newly gathered at ten or twelve pence the peck 2. Put them into a large pewter Flagon or a new earthen glased Pipkin and pour the Water being warmed upon them then stop your Flagon or earthen Vessel very close and place it all night in the Cellar 3. Strain off your tinctured liquor without much pressing the Strainer in regard you are not to clarifie it as other Liquors are for Syrups for that would occasion a great loss of those fragrant Cordial Spirits 4. Place your Syrup-pan over a very gentle Charcoal-fire burning clear without the least smoak and let your liquor be only luke-warm then put in the Sugar being
handful being bruised in a Mortar put them into a glass Retort-Receiver and pour on them as much sharp Vinegar as will cover them and two inches over let them stand in digestion in the Sun in the Summer or in warm water in the Winter for seven days then strain and press the Vinegar hard from them 2. Take of the best green Copperas two pound put it into a thick blackish earthen Melting-pipkin of no greater bigness than will just contain the Vitriol This place between Bricks laid so as to make a square Tower about two inches larger than the Pipkin and two inches higher Fill this kind of open Furnace with Charcoal up to the top and kindle it gradually which in less than half an hour will make the Pipkin red-hot continue this heat until the Copperas be calcined or burned into a deep red Then take out the Pipkin and being grown cold break it and take out the red Copperas or Colchothar which beat to powder and put into a new Pipkin pour on it one quart of River or Spring-water and one pint of Vinegar boil them until half be consumed away then after it is setled pour off the tinctured Liquor into a flat earthen pan This done pour another quart of Spring-water upon the same red Vitriol boil it away half and after it is setled pour off the tinctured Liquor to the other Liquor in the earthen pan this repeat with fresh water until the red Copperas will colour the water no longer Place the earthen pan between two Bricks set edge-wise and kindle a very moderate fire under it and let the water evaporate or dry away until the red Vitriol that was dissolved in the said water be left dry in the bottom of the pan This red dried Vitriol put into a new Pipkin and calcine or burn it over again as you did at first that put in into another Pipkin and pour fresh water on it and boil it as you did before to extract the tincture or dissolve the purest of the red Vitriol then pour it off into your earthen pan and pour more fresh water on the red Vitriol or Copperas in the Pipkin and boil it to extract more of the tincture thus continue until all is extracted throwing away the remaining dregs on the bottom the tinctured Liquors evaporate again to a driness and then calcine or burn the red Copperas remaining on the bottom a third time and extract and evaporate it over again in the same manner as before which done then the Copperas is prepared 3. Take Verdigriese one ounce and half powder it and put it into a glass pour on it half a pint of sharp distill'd Vinegar let it stand in the Sun four or five days or 24 hours in warm water then pour off the Vinegar being tinctured green and evaporate it in an earthen pan until it be dry The proportion of these prepared Ingredients for to make the foresaid Brown Oyntment is as followeth Take of the above-mentioned prepared Copperas powdered two ounces of the prepared Verdigriese one ounce and a quarter clarified Honey six ounces of the Vinegar that was pressed from the Herbs three ounces of the Flegm of Vitriol two ounces boil them to the thickness of an Oyntment in the same manner as was told you in the preparation of the Unguentum Aegyptiacum This Brown Oyntment as it is here described the preparation is very tedious and troublesome which you may make shorter thus Calcine the Vitriol six hours then powder it and extract the tincture with three quarts of water and one pint of sharp Vinegar evaporate it and then it is sufficiently prepared The Verdigriese must be prepared as it is set down before The Herbs need not be extracted with Vinegar only press out their juices and mix them with the Tincture of Verdigriese The Honey need not be clarified only take off the scum as it is boiling with the juices then put in the other Ingredients according as you have been informed before But far beyond this I have formerly prescribed an Oyntment that in malignant or sordid Ulcers Joynt-waters Fistula's and other desperate cases doth the greatest Effects imaginable which I here impart to you Take of the Vitriol of Venus of the Vitriol of Mars of each half an ounce Sugar of Lead two drams Honey boiled up to a consistency three ounces and half Mithridate half an ounce mix them together in the Mortar without putting them over the fire If your Oyntment happen to be too thick either by over-boiling the Honey or by driness of the weather drying the Oyntment after it is made you may soften it with a little Honey of Roses or rather Iuice of Celandine The Description of Vnguentum Althaeae or Oyntment of Marsh-mallows TAke of the Oyl of Mucilages which is described in the foregoing Chapter one pound Wax half a pound Rosin one ounce and half Terebinthin six drams make them up into an Oyntment The manner of Preparing First melt the Wax and Rosin together afterward put in the Terebinthin and Oyl and let them boil gently to the thickness of an Oyntment stirring it oft with your Spatula until it be ready to be taken off the fire The Prices It will stand you in something less than three farthings an ounce The Apothecaries sell it the ounce at two pence The Description of Vnguentum Basilicon I wittingly omit in regard that Tarre and Firre-Terrebinthin being mixt together in equal proportions doth digest and ripen far beyond it The Description of Unguentum Populeon or Poppy-Oyntment TAke of the fresh Buds of black Poplar half a pound Violet-leaves and Venus Navil of each three ounces new unsalted Hogs grease three pound Bruise and mix them and let them steep together in the Hogs grease in the month of May adde to them of the tops of young Bramble-bush of the leaves of black Poppey Mandrake Henbane Night-shade Lettice of the greater and lesser Housleek and of the greater Burdock of each three ounces Bruise them again and mix them all together letting them stand and ferment ten days then pour on them a pint rose-Rose-water and boil them until all the superfluous moisture be consumed Strain and press them hard through a Canvas-strainer The manner of Preparing The Poplar-buds Violet-leaves and Venus navil must be bruised together in a stone Mortar in the month of May. The Hogs grease must be freed from its little skins and wash'd in this manner Cut it into small pieces and melt it with a little water over a Charcoal-fire in a clean flat earthen pan stirring it oft with a Spatula Being melted strain it through a clean piece of Linnen and pour on it some luke-warm water put it over a very gentle fire stirring it oft with a Spatula for an hour then letting the grease settle pour off the water and pour on again some fresh warm water and stir it oft for half an hour then let it settle and shift the water again washing of the
said grease thus twice or thrice is sufficient for this Oyntment but for the Oyntment of Roses Vnguentum Album and Vnguentum Pomatum where whiteness is required to make the Oyntment look neat and very white you must wash it in the manner aforesaid eight or nine times The Hogs grease being wash'd put it into the Mortar and mix the aforesaid Herbs with it by stirring the Pestil oft about then put them into a clean Pipkin and let them stand about a month or so long until the other Herbs can be got which then must be also bruised in the Mortar and mixed with the grease and Poplar-buds this done set them in the Sun for eight or nine days stirring them now and then about with a Spatula At last put them into your Pan pour the rose-Rose-water upon them and let them boil until the superfluous moisture be boil'd away then strain and press them hard out and put them into an Oyntment-pot The Apothecaries sell this Oyntment for two pence an ounce The Description of Unguentum Album TAke Oyl of Roses nine ounces White Lead three ounces Wax two ounces Camphor two drams make them up into an Oyntment The manner of preparing this White Oyntment Cut your Wax into lumps and melt it together with the Oyl of Roses in a glas'd earthen Pan or a tinn'd Pan but not in one of brass because that will spoil the whiteness of the Oyntment Being melted and mixed together with a Spatula take it off when it 's grown half cold put in the White Lead being washed and very finely powdred gradually mixing it as it 's put in by stirring it about with a wooden Spatula Being grown almost quite cold mix in like manner the Camphor being powdred and grownd into a smooth even powder dropping a few drops of Oyl of sweet Almonds into the Mortar to anoint the bottom and end of the Pestle Note Oyl of Roses is prepared by steeping four ounces of red Roses before they are quite opened in a pint of Oyl of Olives that was pressed out before the Olives were ripe and setting it in the Sun six or eight days Then strain and press the Oyl from the Roses and put fresh red Roses to the Oyl and steep it again in the Sun the same do again the third time This Oyntment will not stand you in two farthings the ounce Apothecaries sell it at two pence the ounce and some at three pence CHAP. XII Of Emplasters The Description of Emplastrum Diachylon cum Gummi TAke of the Oyl of Mucilages two pound Lithargyr of gold one pound pouring to them about a pint of water boil them until they come to the thickness of a Plaister then adde to them yellow Wax a quarter of a pound Gum-ammoniac Galbanum Opopanax Sagapenum all dissolved in Vinegar of each two ounces Therebinthin a quarter of a pound make them up into an Emplaster The manner of preparing this Plaister The Lithargyr must be powdred very fine and sifted then put it to the Oyl and Water and boil them stirring them continually until they come to the thickness of a Plaister then put to them the Wax cut into lumps which being melted put in also the Gums which you must first have dissolved over the fire in as much Vinegar as will swim a-top two fingers breadth this strain through a Canvas and evaporate it until it come to the thickness of Honey These being well mixt with the Oyl and Wax adde to them the Therebinthin which being also well mixt take them off and keep constantly stirring gently with your Spatula until it is almost grown cold then make it up into great Rowls between your hands being anointed with a little Oyl of Roses or other sweet Oyl Observe That the Gums will not mix so well unless the Oyl of Mucilages be a little cooled The Description of Emplastrum Sticticum Paracelsi TAke Oyl of Olives six ounces yellow Wax one ounce and half Lithargyr powdered four ounces and a half Gum-ammoniac Bdellium of each half an ounce Galbanum Opopanax Oyl of Bays Lapis Calaminaris of both the sorts of Aristolochia Myrrhe Frankincense of each a quarter of an ounce Therebinthin one ounce The Oyl Wax and Lithargyr must be boil'd together until it doth not stick to your fingers Afterwards the mass being a little cooled put the Gums to it being dissolved in Vinegar which by boiling let evaporate from it being strained and pressed hard through the Strainer at last put in the Powders Therebinthin and Oyl of Bays so make it up to an Emplaster I need not adde any thing for the instructing you in making of the Plaister since the directions set down in the manner of preparing the Diachylon cum Gummi will sufficiently guide you The Description of Emplastrum Diapalma or Diachalciteos TAke unsalted Hogs grease cleansed from its skins one pound Oyl of Olives pressed out before the Olives are ripe Lithargyr of Gold powdered fine and sifted of each one pound and half white Vitriol burn'd and powder'd two ounces the Lithargyr Grease and Oyl must be boil'd together on a gentle fire pouring to them a little Plantane-water and stirring them continually with a Spatula until they come to the body of a Plaister wherewith being almost cold you are to mix the Vitriol and so make it up into a Mass. Besides the instructions given you before you are onely to observe when this or any other Emplaster is boiling to drop now and then off of the Spatula wherewith you stir the melted Mass of Emplaster a drop thereof upon the backside of a Plate and let it cool and thereby you may judge whether your Plaister be boil'd enough This Plaister is sold by the Apothecaries at two pence the ounce Observe That in defect of the foregoing Paracelsus Plaister melting of two thirds of Diachylon with one third of Diapalma will very well serve for the same intent and purpose if not better The Description of the Emplastrum Opodeldoch of Felix Wurtz so much cryed up among Surgeons beyond-Sea TAke of the best Wax two pound Venice Therebinthin one pound Genoa Oyl of Olives three ounces melt them together pouring thereunto of the Iuices of Celandine Oak-leaves Starwort and Speedwel of each one ounce and half boil these until all the moisture be consumed then put to them Gum-ammoniac Galbanum Opopanax dissolved in Vinegar strained and evaporated in the same manner as was directed in preparing the Diachylon of each six drams Colophony one ounce and half Amber half an ounce Mastich Myrrhe Frankincense Sarcocolla of each three drams prepar'd Magnet one ounce and half Crocus Martis two ounces Crocus Veneris one ounce prepared Tuthia Lapis Calaminaris of each ten drams of the red sweet Earth of Vitriol as much as will make the Plaister red The manner of Preparing Observe That the Crocus Martis and Veneris Tuthia Lapis Calaminaris and Earth of Vitriol must be put in last when the Plaister is almost grown cold 2. The Magnet is
Simples and Compositions at your own house you have the prices of both declared at which you may buy them from the Apotheearies ready prepared to keep a proportion by you to be mixt and made use of according as your Physician shall judge fit Fifthly If you desire to avoid that trouble also and do prefer sending your Physicians Bill to an Apothecary you may hence easily compute what the Medicine is to be valued at and what the Apothecary deserveth for his pains for mixing and bringing it to your House Lastly Since every small disorder of Body puts many into the humour of sending for an Apothecary who to mimick the Physician shall ask you when you was at Stool or whether you are not oppressed or stuffed at your Stomach feels your Pulse and then shall tell you that you are weak and if he findes you hot he forceth you to believe you have got a Surfeit or if he perceiveth your hand to be cold he perswades you that you have taken cold This is the substance of his Theory on which he practices so boldly But if you are curious to be throughly acquainted with the whole Body of Physick by which the Countrey Apothecary practiseth you may soon gratifie your self in that by purchasing a Treatise called The Accomplisht Physician the Honest Apothecary and the Skilful Surgeon sold at the Angel in Duck-lane which having perused from page 4 to 14 and from page 64 to 73 will abundantly satisfie you for your disbursement If then you are found to be costive he sends you a Clyster at 2 s. 6 d. price which on the same occasion you may advise your self and be instructed by this Treatise how to make one for three half pence or two pence If he apprehends your stomach to be oppressed he orders his man to boyl a little Carduus in Water strain it and put to it three or four spoonfuls of rank Oyl of sweet Almonds to cause you to vomit and carry off a little flegm for which an half Crown is an usual rate Now instead of this you may at a much cheaper price make your self a Pint or two of Carduus-Posset and drink it off luke-warm to cause the same effect For your weakness he will advise you a Cordial made out of two or three musty simple Waters Confectio Alkermes and a little Syrup of Gilly-flowers for which he expects to be paid three Shillings and six Pence and by the way compute what two or three Cordials a day may amount unto in three or four weeks time What he reckons at three shillings six pence you are taught below how to prepare a Cordial Julep for much less In case of a Surfeit three or four pints of cooling Juleps shall be sent you every day at two shillings six pence or three shillings the Pint which you shall be informed how to prepare at two pence or three pence the quart If he infers from the pain of your Head and Limbs Cough Stuffing in your Head c. that you have taken Cold some Sweating Bolus or Potion whereof Mithridate or Treacle shall be the chief Ingredient besides Syrups he conceives to be good Remedies that may conduce to your health and his profit wherein also the Directions of this Tract will render you a considerable saver This is the furthest point the Practicing Apothecary can safely steer or which you are capable to apprehend wherefore you are not to expect from me instructions for using the great Remedies viz. Bleeding and Purging the good management of which and other Remedies doth entirely depend upon the Methodus Medendi or Method of Curing which two words do summarily express the whole Art of Physick and its greatest Secret for to arrive to the said Method of Curing or applying of Remedies in manner order and time it 's requisite a man should understand the Nature of Diseases their Causes and the Parts diseased unto which the said Remedies are to be applyed all which cannot be understood unless you have acquired a competent knowledge of the natural Constitution of the Parts of the Body of Man their Structure Position Relation and Connexion to each other and their several Offices and Uses This Knowledge or Science is chiefly gained by frequent Anatomy or Dissection of dead Bodies and most certainly is the Basis and Ground-work of the Art of Physick and the complete finishing of that is the Methodus Medendi For all Factive and Mechanick Arts consist in these three particulars 1. In the knowledge of their Subject which in our Art is the body of Man in its natural and preternatural constitution 2. In the Instruments or Means whereby to operate which in the said Art are such whereby to preserve the Body in its natural constitution or health and whereby to correct and remove its preternatural or diseased Constitution which are Dyet and Remedies 3. In the Method or Directory of Rules how to use the said Instruments which in Physick is called Methodus Medendi or the Method of applying the said Means The First and Third Particular I have already spoken to The Second is the Means wherein it is as necessary for a Physician to be not only knowing but also experienced as in either of the other For what success can be expected from the Method of applying Remedies unless those Remedies are such as obtain a Specifick and peculiar property of correcting or removing the Cause of each Disease A Physician is as little capable to cure great Diseases with ordinary Medicines which notwithstanding some of the ignorant for want of due Education pretend to do as a Graver is able to cut curious Figures in Steel with the ordinary Tools of a Carver or Stone-cutter or a Barber to take off the hair of your Beard with a Chopping-knife As for those ordinary Medicines they are set down in several Dispensatories among which that of the Physicians of London considering the time it was composed by far exceeds all the others These ordinary Medicines it 's confessed being methodically applied may by long continuation remove some slight Distempers and some great Diseases also if timely used but if confirmed and inveterated are too oft found absolutely fruitless For what proper Remedy do those Dispensatories contain to cure a Pulmonick ulcerous Consumption an inveterate Scurvey Dropsie Stone Gout Fever Kings-Evil Leprosie c. To this a Vulgar Hackney-Physician shall possibly answer That there is no Disease be it never so great or dangerous but he will undertake which is well put in to cure by Method and that with ordinary Medicines For Example a Consumption occasioned by an Ulcer in the Lungs he pretends to cure by prescribing 1. Medicines that shall discharge or cleanse the Ulcer by expelling the matter by Expectoration that is by coughing and spitting and this is performed by Ground-Ivy Speedwel Hyssop and many other Vulneraries made into a Syrup Lohoch or Decoction 2. By consolidating Medicines that shall close up and skin it with a Callus
why you are not to fill the body of the Alembick with Herbs is because should you fill it up the bottome of the cake of the Herbs will be dried and burnt before the top is half dry or distilled off CHAP. II. Containing the manner how to distil compound Waters The Description of London-Treacle Water TAke of the juice of green Walnut-peel a pint of the juice of Rue three quarters of a pint of the juices of Marigold-leaves Baume and of Carduus Benedictus of each half a pint Butterbur-roots four ounces and a half Burdock-roots a quarter of a pound Master-wort and Angelica-roots of each two ounces Water-Germander-leaves one handful Venice Treacle and Mithridate of each two ounces Canary-Wine three pints sharp French Vinegar a pint and an half juice of Limons half a pint The manner of preparing the Ingredients The Walnut-peel Rue Marigold-leaves Baume and Carduus Benedictus must be each severally bruised into a sappy mass in a stone Mortar or a Lignum vitae Mortar and pressed through a fine Canvas cloath in a small Press The fine Canvas cloath for strainers you buy at the Linnen Drapers at ten pence the yard The small Presses you may buy at the Turners at Hosier-lane end next to Smithfield from three shillings to six or seven according to their bigness or possibly you may buy one at second hand big enough for your use at the same Shops for eighteen pence or less The reason why you are to bruise the Walnut-peel Rue and the other Herbs severally is because you are to have an exact measure of each of their Juices For should you bruise Marigold-leaves Baume and Carduus of each the same quantity together yet you would not have the same measure of Juices from them in regard one Herb yields far more Juice than another though at the same time I know several Apothecaries to save trouble do bruise the foresaid Herbs together which notwithstanding must be imputed an error in the exactness of preparing Treacle-Water Observe that Apothecaries commonly take the green Walnuts whole that is Nuts and Peel about them before they are quite ripe and bruise them in a stone-Mortar together in order to the expressing of the Juice out of them Moreover note that about fifty Walnuts will go near to yield a Pint of Juice 2. The Butter-bur Burdock Masterwort and Angelica-roots must be fresh taken out of the ground and may be bruised together into a mash the Water-Germander-leaves must be dryed stript from their stalks and beaten in a Mortar into a course powder or they may be used green and beaten in a Mortar to a mash or shred small with a knife 3. Put all these together with the Treacle and Mithridate into a glass Body and pour on them the several juices and the Canary Wine mixing them well by shaking them gently together and fasten a blind head to the said glass Body by applying round the juncture or the place where they are joined a Hogs Bladder cut into long slips the breadth of two fingers and dipt in Whites of Eggs beaten thin into a Water or put all those Ingredients into a Glass Retort Receiver the mouth whereof stop with a piece of Cork fitted to it and fasten a piece of Bladder over that About the said Receiver tye two or three pieces of Brick to make it sink into a Kettle of Water hanging over a gentle Fire wherein let it stand some twelve or four and twenty hours at longest Then empty the Receiver into a glass Body which being covered with its glass Head or Alembick and closed about the Juncture with slips of Paper and Starch or a Hogs Bladder dipt into Whites of Eggs put into a Sand-pan hanging in a portable Furnace there being the breadth of two fingers of Sand under the Glass fill the Pan with Sand kindle the Fire gradually under it and so let it distil off until the Ingredients are almost dry The prices at the Glass-Shop Of a quart green glass Body 12 d. Of a pottle green Body 18 d. Of a gallon green Body 22 d. Of a quart white glass Body 18 d. Of a pottle white Body 2 s. Of a gallon white Body 3 s. Of a green glass quart Head that is fitting a quart body blind or with a Spout 18 d. Of a green Pottle Head 22 d. Of a green Gallon Head 2 s. 6 d. Of a green quart Retort Receiver 6 d. Of a green pottle Retort Receiver 8 d. Of a green gallon Retort Receiver 12 d. Of an earthen portable Furnace according to its bigness and fitted with a Sand-pan from 2 s. 6 d. to 5 6 or 7 s. Note That those Bodies that are called quart Bodies always are to contain two quarts if they were filled to the top Likewise a Pottle Body is to hold a Gallon and a Gallon Body two Gallons Likewise a quart Receiver is to hold a Pottle and the others proportionably the double 2. Observe That the Apothecaries commonly without other digestion than letting it stand three or four days in their Shops in a great glass distil this and other compound Waters in a small Copper Still with a Bucket Head but then those Waters shall not be so full of vertue nor so pure as the Waters distilled in a Glass The price of the whole Composition Compute the Walnuts the half hundred at 6 d. The Herbs whereout the juices are to be pressed at 12 d. or 14 d. The Roots Germand at 3 d. ½ d. The Treacle and Mithridate at 2 s. Canary Wine at 3 s. French Vinegar at 3 d. Juice of Limons at 4 d. ½ d. Charcoal Fire used in distilling 4 d. The whole is 7 s. 10 d. So that for seven Shillings and ten Pence you may expect near four Quarts of excellent Treacle-Water which is about ten pence three farthings the pint and scarce three farthings the ounce computing according to the content of their retail measure sixteen ounces to the Pint which according to Physical measure ought to contain twelve Ounces The Apothecaries prices of Treacle Water by the pint is three shillings six pence some will not sell it for less than four shillings by the ounce four pence others will sell for three pence Some few Apothecaries in stead of Canary put in a decayed Malaga or Brandy and for juyce of Limons put in Lime juice and make use of their worst sort of Treacle and Mithridate wherefore they sell Treacle-Water somewhat cheaper than the ordinary price The Description of Aqua Epidemica or the London Plague-Water TAke of the roots of Tormentil Angelica Peony M. Liquorish Elicampane of each half an Ounce of the Leaves of Sage the greater Celandine Rue the tops of Rosemary Wormwood Sundew Mugwort Burnet Dragons Scabious Agrimony Baume Carduus Benedictus Betony the lesser Centaury of the leaves and flowers of Marigolds of each a handful steep them four days in four quarts of the best White-wine and distil them in ashes in a glass Alembick
The manner of Preparation Note Instead of putting Sand into the Sand pan of your portable Furnace you must put in ashes or rather Saw-dust for to set the glass Alembick in to distil You must bruise the Roots in a Stone or Lignum Vitae Mortar shred the leaves and bruise them also in a Mortar and put them into such a glass stopt close and fixt in warm Water as was exprest in the Preparation of the foregoing Water The Prices The Roots at a half penny the half ounce come to 2 d. ½ d. The Leaves at a half penny the handful 8 d. The Wine at 4 s. Charcoal to burn in the furnace 4 d. The whole distillation will stand you in just 5 s. 2 d. d. The Pint of this Plague Water costs you seven pence in regard the whole Distillation will yield somewhat more than eight Pints the Ounce will come to less than three farthings computing Physically twelve ounces onely to the Pint. The Apothecaries Prices of Plague-Water By the Pint three Shillings six Pence and some sell it at four Shillings By the Ounce three Pence and some four Pence The Description of Aqua Mirabilis TAke of Cloves Galangal Cubebs Mace Cardamoms Nutmegs Ginger of each a dram juice of Celandine half a pint Spirits of Wine one pint Whitewine three pints Steep them four and twenty hours and then distil them in ashes in a glass Alembick The manner of Preparing The manner of steeping and distilling of this Water is the same with the foregoing Most Apothecaries and Distillers draw this Water off in a Copper Still with a Bucket Head or with one that goeth with a Worm The Spices before mentioned must be beaten to a course powder only for if you endeavour to bring them into a fine powder their principal vertue is apt to fly away in powdering By Spirits of Wine is here meant the best Nants Brandy Observe You are to distil this Water only half off and leave the other half in the Still because the first half will contain all the Spirits and vertue of the Ingredients whereas the other remaining half is found to be flat and sit for no other use than to wash your hands though it is to be feared that such as are greedy of gain distil it almost quite off The Prices The Spices all at 6 d. or 7 d. The juice of Celandine at 3 d. or 4 d. The best Nants Brandy the pint at 5½ d. or 6 d. Whitewine at 18 d. Charcoal 2 d. or 3 d. The whole Distillation which is two pints and a quarter comes to 2 s. 10 ½ d. or 3 s. 2 d. The Pint comes to seventeen or eighteen pence The Ounce comes to five farthings or a little less The Apothecaries Prices By the pint three shillings six pence and some four shillings By the ounce three pence and some four pence The Description of Cinnamon-Water according to the Dispensatory TAke a quarter of a Pound of Cinnamon steep it four and twenty hours in three Quarts of Brandy then distil it in ashes in a glass Alembick which renders a purer Water by much than a copper Still The manner of Preparation Observe You are to bruise the Cinnamon gross and into every Pint of the distilled Water you must dissolve two Ounces of the best white Sugar Here is a great deal of hot burning Brandy to a little Cinnamon wherefore you will do better in preparing it thus Take three quarters of a pound of Cinnamon bruised steep it eight and forty hours in a quart of Rose-Water and a pint of Whitewine then distil it as long as it drops milkie in a glass Alembick in Balneo that is in Water poured into your Sand-pan instead of Sand or Ashes but if your Pan be not large enough to contain a sufficient quantity of Water you may make use of Saw-dust instead of the Water and keep a very moderate fire in the Furnace What this Water will stand you in you may easily compute your self The Description of Aqua Raphani composita or the common compound Water against the Scurvey TAke of Garden and Sea-Scurvey-grass leaves of each three pound press the juice out of them and thereunto mix of the juices of Water-cresses and Brooklime three quarters of a pint the best White-wine two quarts Limons cut into small slices six in number Briony roots newly taken out of the ground two pound Hors-radishes one pound Winters bark a quarter of a pound Nutmegs two ounces steep them three days and distil them in Ashes in a glass Alembick or copper Still with a Bucket Head The manner of Preparation The Briony and Horse-radish Roots must be bruised together in a stone Mortar the Winters bark and the Nutmegs are to be beaten to a gross powder in a brass Mortar The juices are to be pressed out of the said Herbs in the same manner as was told you in the preparation of Treacle-water Put the Ingâ—â—dients into a glass Receiver and pour the Juices on them stop the Glass very close with a Cork and a Bladder and place it in a cool Cellar for two or three days Observe 1. If you should let those Ingredients stand in steep in hot Ashes Sand or warm Water that would certainly diminish the vertue of those light flying Salts and Spirits 2. The juice of Limons mortifying the said light flying Salts and Spirits may be more conveniently left out than added 3. When this Water hath been kept a month or two though never so close stopt you may be certain it hath lost very much of its vertue 4. This Water being distilled as exactly as may be yet is not half so effectual as some Spirits which are published in my last Treatise of the Scurvie The Prices Upon the valuation of the Herbs Roots and Bark according to the Rates I have already informed you before you shall finde that this Water may be prepared at six or eight pence the pint and at a half penny the ounce The Apothecaries commonly sell this Water at three shillings six pence the Pint and three pence the Ounce The Description of Aqua Brioniae composita or the London Water against Fits of the Mother TAke of the Iuice of Briony-roots one pint of the leaves of Rue and Mugwort of each half a pound Savin dryed a little less than a handful Fetherfew Nip Penny-royal Basil of each half a handful of the outside of fresh Orange-peel one ounce Myrrhe half an ounce Castor a quarter of an ounce Canary-wine three pints steep them four days in a Glass well stopt and then distil them off in a glass Alembick in Balneo or warm water The manner of Preparation The dryed Herbs which are the Savin and Penny-royal may be beaten together to a gross powder The other Herbs which must be green and fresh are to be shred small or beaten to mash in a wooden or stone Mortar The Myrrhe must be poudered by it self and the Castor cut into small thin slices mix all these
powdered and sifted gradually stirring it about very gently with a long Steel Spatula or slice which you may buy big enough for your turn for ten pence at the Rasormakers As soon as you finde the Sugar all dissolved take it off immediately without letting it boil or be hot The Description of Syrupus Papaveris erratici or Syrup of Red Poppies TAke Red Poppy-flowers newly gathered two pound steep them one day and night in two quarts of warm water strain and press out the liquor which you must not clarifie but adde to it three pound and half of good Bahi-sugar and boil it gently to a Syrup The better way to make this Syrup is thus Take two pints of the Iuice of Red Poppy-flowers clarifie it after the same manner as shall be taught you at the latter end of this Chapter put to it a pound and three quarters of Bahi-sugar and boil it gently to a Syrup The Price It will come to three farthings the ounce The Apothecaries price By the ounce three pence Which is the common price of most Syrups excepting Laxative Syrups and Syrup of the juice of Pomgranates which are sold at six pence the ounce By the Instructions set down here in this Chapter you may easily attempt the making any Syrup and therefore I shall adde no more In the preparation of the Syrup of Marshmallows the manner of clarifying Decoctions was referred to the latter end of this Chapter which is thus Having strained your Decoction being only warm not hot through a canvas or woollen Strainer pour about a pint thereof into a Bafon wherein you have put before two whites of Eggs beaten with a Rod of small twigs and their shells crusht with your hands mix them well together by stirring them with a spoon or rather beating them into a froth with the foresaid Rod of twigs then put in another pint of the Decoction and mix it as before This done set it over the fire and let it boil a little until you see a scum a top then take it off and let it cool a little and then strain it and let it run through without squeezing or pressing it Note That two Whites of Eggs with their Shells are sufficient for clarifying a quart or three pints of Decoction The manner of clarifying Apozems is only thus Having clarified the Decoction as before is set down you heat it again and when it beginneth to boil mix the Syrup with it and let it continue on the fire until it casts up a scum then strain it twice or thrice being half grown cold The manner of clarifying Honey or Sugar will be inserted in another Chapter below CHAP. IV. The manner of making Conserves Conserve of Roses TAke a pound of red Rose-flowers gathered in a dry season before they are quite spread and their yellow bottoms clipt from them with a pair of Sissers bruise them well in a stone Mortar into an even smooth Mass like a Pulp adde to it two pound of white Sugar mixing it by degrees with the Roses by grinding them together with a wooden Pestle until all the Sugar be thorowly incorporated with the Roses Then put the Conserve into a stone pot covering it only with a paper and let it stand a fortnight or three weeks in the Sun stirring it about once or twice a week with a steel Slice or Spatula The manner of making Conserve of common Wormwood TAke of the tops only of common Wormwood freed from its stalks half a pound beat them in a stone or marble Mortar to an exact pulp mixing with it a pound and half of the best white Sugar in the same manner as was directed in making Conserve of red Roses Most Conserves are made the same way adding a double quantity of Sugar to the pulp of what Flowers or Herbs you intend to conserve excepting onely some sower and bitter Herbs and Flowers which require somewhat more Sugar The price of Conserves at the Apothecaries is two pence the ounce and two shillings eight pence the pound excepting some few as Conserve of Rosemary-flowers which is six pence the ounce and suchlike If you prepare the Conserves your self you will save above two Thirds in the price and probably may prove much better for usually Apothecaries put up their Conserves crude or raw without digesting them by the heat of the Sun for which defect they neither keep so long nor are they so safe to be used CHAP. V. The manner of making Lozenges Trochisci albi pectorales or the common white Lozenges TAke of the best white Sugar half a pound white Sugar-candy and Penide Sugar of each two ounces Florence Orris-root half an ounce Liquoris six drams of the finest Flour or Starch-flour six drams with the mucilage of Gum-dragant extracted in Rose-water make them up into small Lozenges The manner of preparing 1. The white Sugar the Sugar-candy and Penide Sugar must be pounded and sifted 2. Penide Sugar is prepared thus Dissolve the best Bahi Sugar in water over a gentle fire then clarifie it with Whites of Eggs in manner as hath been told you next strain it through a cloath and let it stand again over a gentle fire and boil away until it comes to such a bodie that it will stick to your Teeth then being almost cooled pour it on a Marble Stone being a little anointed over with Oyl of sweet Almonds keeping it together in a bodie as near as you can with your fingers being dusted over with a little Starch-flour When it is grown almost quite cold and ropie take it up with a steel fork to make it hang in ropes which with your hand being dusted with fine flour you may twine into what shape you please This being so prepared is called Penide Sugar 3. The Orris-roots must be powdered and sifted likewise the Liquoris powdered in this manner Take dried Liquoris scrape off the brown with a knife round about then cut it into small bits with a knife that is made of the same Metal which Shoemakers knives are made of These put into a brass Mortar and beat into powder Observe It being very troublesome to beat Liquoris into powder you may buy it ready poudered at the Druggists at a very small rate which you may read in the Catalogue of Prices belonging to this Treatise 4. The Starch-flour must be gently rubbed into a powder in a Mortar and then mix all of them together in the same Mortar by stirring the Pestil round about then pour to it as much mucilage of Gum-dragant as will suffice to bring the Powders into a Paste and beat it well together The Paste being rolled into long round Bodies or little Columns of the bigness of your little finger cut them into small round pieces like Parsenips are cut when they are to be eaten buttered 5. The mucilage of Gum-dragant is made only by steeping a little of the said Gum in Rose-water so long until it become thickish which it will do in twelve