his Foes for his Tutors to instruct him what he had to do who besides their other Preparations had a 100000 Men drawn together and in a readiness when occasion should require their Service yet he that was to engage against so considerable Force and in such a War whose necessary Expences must needs be very great weigh'd and seal'd up his Money as if he fear'd or had no right to touch it And all this was done by one not descended from the Lydians or Phoenicians but who challeng'd to himself the Vertues of Alexander and Philip from his Alliance to them Men who conquer'd the World by judging that Empire was to be purchased by Money not Money by Empire whence it grew a Proverb that not Philip but his Gold took the Cities of Greece And Alexander when he undertook an Expedition against the Indians and found his Macedonians encumbred and to march heavily with their Persian Spoyls first set fire to his own Carriages and thence perswaded the rest to imitate his Example that thus freed they might proceed to the War without hindrance Whereas Perseus abounding in Wealth would not preserve himself his Children and his Kingdom at the expence of a small part of his Treasure but amongst a great many others our wealthy Slave chose to be carried away Captive and shew the Romans what great Riches he had husbanded and preserved for them For he did not only falsifie with the Gauls and send them away but also alluring Genthius King of the Illyrians by the hopes of 300 Talents to assist him in the War he caused the Money to be told out by his Embassadors and suffer'd it to be seal'd up Whereupon Genthius thinking himself possess'd of what he desir'd committed a wicked and dreadful Crime for he imprison'd the Embassadors which were sent to him from the Romans Whence Perseus concluding that there was now no need of Money to make Genthius an Enemy to the Romans but that he had given a lasting Earnest of his Enmity and by his great injustice sufficiently involv'd himself in the War defrauded the unfortunate King of his 300 Talents and without any Concern beheld him his Wife and Children in a short time after carried out of their Kingdom as from their Nest by Lucius Anicius who was sent against him with an Army Emilius coming against such an Adversary made light of his Person but admired his Preparations and Force For he had 4000 Horse and not much fewer than 40000 Macedonian Foot and planting himself along the Sea-side at the foot of Mount Olympus in a Place impossible to be approach'd and on all sides fortified with Fences and Bulwarks of Wood remain'd in great security thinking by Delay and Charge to weary out Emilius But he in the mean time wholly intent on his Business weigh'd all Counsels and all ways of Attack and perceiving his Souldiers from their former want of Discipline to be impatient of Delay and ready on all turns to teach their General his Duty angerly reprov'd them and commanded that they should not intermeddle with what was not their Concern but only take care that they and their Arms were in a readiness and to use their Swords like Romans when their Commander should think fit to employ them Further he order'd that the Sentinels by Night should watch without Javelins that thus they might be more careful and able to resist Sleep having no Arms proper to withstand the Assaults of their Enemies That which most infested the Army was the want of Water for only a little and that foul flow'd out or rather came by drops from a Spring near the Sea but Emilius considering that he was at the foot of the high and woody Mountain Olympus and conjecturing by the flourishing of the Trees that there were Springs that had their course under ground dug a great many Holes and Wells in the side of the Mountain which were presently fill'd with pure Water by the current and force of that which being freed from restraint had now space to unite Although some deny that there are any Sources of Water ready provided and concealed in the Places from whence they flow which by their course are discovered and break forth but affirm that they owe their Being and Consistance to the Matter that then grows liquid now this change is made by Density and Cold when the moist Vapour by being closely press'd together becomes fluid As Womens Breasts are not like Vessels full of Milk always prepar'd and ready to flow from them but their Nourishment being chang'd in their Breasts is there made Milk and from thence strain'd In like manner the Places of the Earth that are cold and stor'd with Fountains do not contain any hidden Waters or Receptacles which are capable as from a Source always ready and furnished to supply so many Brooks and the depths of so great Rivers but pressing by crowding together and condensing the Vapours and Air they turn them into that Substance Whence those Places that are opened by that means do flow and afford more plenty of Water as the Breasts of Women do Milk by their being suck'd by moistning the Vapour and rendring it fluid whereas the Earth that remains idle and undug is not capable of producing any Water whilst it wants that motion which is the true Cause of it But those that assert this Opinion give occasion to the doubtful to argue that on the same ground there should be no Blood in living Creatures but that it must be form'd by the Wound some sort of Spirit or Flesh being chang'd into a Matter that is liquid and proper to flow Moreover these are refuted by such who digging deep in the Earth to undermine some strong-Hold or search for Metals meet with Rivers which are not collected by little and little which must necessarily be if they had their Beings at the very instant the Earth was open'd but break out at once with violence and upon the cutting through a Rock there often gushes out great quantities of Water and then as suddenly ceases But of this enough Emilius lay still for some days and it is said that there were never two great Armies so nigh that enjoyed so much Quiet When he had tryed and considered all things he was informed that there was yâ—â— one Passage left unguarded through Perrebiâ— by the Temple of Appollo and the great Peaâ— Having therefore more Hopes by reasoâ— the Place was left defenceless than Fears because of the roughness and difficulty of the Passage he proposed it to be consulted on Amongst those that were present at the Counsel Scipio surnam'd Nasica Son-in-law to Scipio Affricanus who afterwards bore such great Sway in the Senate-house was the first that profer'd himself to command those that should be sent to encompass the Enemy Next to him Fabius Maximus eldest Son of Emilius although yet very young offer'd himself with very great Chearfulness Emilius rejoycing at
famous Lais who was call'd the Corinthian tho' she was a Native of Hyccaris a small Town in Sicily from whence she was brought a Captive was the Daughter of this Timandra There are some who agree with this Relation of Alcibiades Death in all things except only that they impute not the Cause of it either to Pharnabazus Lysander or the Lacedaemonians But they say that he kept a young Lady of a noble House whom he had debauch'd and that her Brothers not being able to endure the Indignity by night set fire to the House where he dwelt and as he endeavour'd to save himself from the Flames slew him with their Darts in the manner before related CORIOLANUS M Burghers sculp THE LIFE OF CAIVS MARCIVS CORIOLANVS Translated from the Greek By Thomas Blomer D. D. Volume II. THE House of the Marcii in Rome did produce many noble Patricians that were Men of great Renown and among the rest Ancus Marcius Grandson to Numa by his Daughter who reign'd there after Tullus Hostilius Of the same Family were also Publius and Quintus Marcius which two convey'd into the City the best Water theâ— have at Rome and that in the greatest quantity As likewise Censorinus who having been twice chosen Censor by the People did afterward himself perswade them tâ— make a Law that no body should bear thâ—â— Office a second time But Caius Marcius of whom I now write being left an Orphan and brought up under the Widowhood of his Mother has shewn by Expeâ—â—ence that although the early loss of a Father may be attended with other disadvantages yet it can hinder none from beinâ— either vertuous or eminent in the Worâ—â— and that it is no obstacle to true Goodneâ—â— and Excellence however bad men 〈◊〉 pleas'd to lay the blame of their corruption and debauched lives upon that misfortunâ— and the neglect of them in their Minority as if they fell into Vice and Meanness ratheâ— by a loose and careless Education than 〈◊〉 degenerate and ignoble Mind And 〈◊〉 very Man comes in as a Witness to the trutâ— of their Opinion who conceive that a generous and worthy Nature if it want Discipline and Breeding like a fat Soyl which lyes unimprov'd and without Culture â—â— does with its better productions bring forth a mixture of vitious and faulty things For as the force and vigor of his Soul and a persevering Constancy in all he undertook did supply him with great and effective Instincts for many handsom Actions so likewise on the other side by indulging the vehemence of his Passion and through an obstinate stiffness which knew not how to yield or accommodate his Humours and Sentiments to those of other men he became harsh and disagreeable and wholly unfit for the easiness of Friendship and the gentler parts of Conversation insomuch that those who did esteem his other good Qualities and admir'd to see that he was the same equal proof against all the softnesses of Pleasure and the hardships of Travel and the allurements of Gain allowing that universal Firmness of his the respective Names of Temperance Fortitude and Justice yet as to the Vertues of Humanity and civil Intercourse he was so defective therein that they could not chuse but be disgusted at him for the hateful Severity and unpleasant Ruggedness of his stern deportment as being one of an over-bearing haughty and imperious Temper It was therefore a thing much to be desir'd that Marcius had spent some time in Philosophy and studying the Art how he might sweeten his Address and polish his Demeanour for indeed men can draw no great Advantage from the Mildness and Benignity of the Muses than to civilize and cultivate their Nature by Rules of Prudence and the Precepts oâ— Morality while they observe those Limitâ— and Boundaries which are set by Reason 〈◊〉 as always to embrace the sober mean and avoid the wildness of Extremities Now those were the Times wherein thaâ— kind of Worth and Gallantry was in high Credit and preferr'd at Rome above all thâ— rest which did appear in martial Deeds anâ— military Atchievments as an Evidencâ— whereof the Latin word for Vertue came theâ— to signifie Prowess and as if Valour and aâ— Vertue had been the same thing they diâ— confine the general notion and appropriate the common term to that particular Excellence But Marcius having a more passionate Inclination than any of that Age foâ— Feats of Chivalry began presently from his Childhood to handle Arms and being oâ— opinion that adventitious Implements and artificial Arms would effect little and bâ— of small use to such as have not their native and congenite Weapons well fixt and prepar'd for Service he did so exercise and inure his Body to all sorts of Activity and the different ways of Encounter that he became swift and nimble to pursue and beside the lightness of a Racer had that weight and heaviness in close Seizures and Wrestlings with an Enemy from which it was hard for any to get loose or forcibly clear and disengage himself so that his domestick Rivals and those that stood â—n competition with him for true Courage and Magnanimity being loth to own themâ—elves inferior in that respect were fain to excuse their Foyls and Deficiencies by saying he had a robust inflexible Body that was hardned against all Fatigues and the utmost stress of Opposition The first time he went out to the Wars being yet a Stripling was when Tarâ—uinius Superbus who had been King of Rome but driven thence for his Pride and Lewdness after many Skirmishes and no fewer Defeats did now enter upon his last Effort and hazard all as it were upon a single Throw for a great number of the Latins and other People of Italy had joyn'd their Forces and were marching with him toward the City as resolv'd to procure his Restoration and Settlement in the Regal Throne but this however not so much out of a desire to serve and oblige Tarquin as to gratifie their own Fear and Envy at the growth and increase of the Roman Greatness which they did intend to pull down from its late Advancements under a pretence of raising him to his ancient Royalties The Armies then being met and engag'd in a decisive Battel which had divers Turns and Variations on both sides Marcius fighting bravely in the Dictator's presence saw a Roman Souldier struck down at a little distance whom he did not abandon in that posture but immediately stept in and stood before the Man and made so vigorous a defence that he slew the Aggressor which bore furiously upon him The General having gotten the Victory did not forget how well he had behav'd himself whom he therefore crown'd one of the first with 〈◊〉 Garland of Oaken branches for it was the Roman Custom thus to adorn those whâ— had protected a Citizen whether that Law did intend some special Honour to the Oak in memory of the Arcadians 〈◊〉 People the Oracle had made famous by the Name of Acorn-eaters
Syracuse a City made up and compacted as it were of several Towns put together having thus stor'd himself with Corn and Money he did not abandon the Place nor retire again into the Castle but fortifying the Precincts of Acradina and joyning it by certain Works to the Cittadel he undertook the defence of both Mago and Icetes were now come near to Catana when a Horse-man dispatch'd from Syracuse brought them tidings that Acradina was taken upon which they return'd in all haste with great Disorder and Confusion having neither been able to reduce the City they went against nor to preserve that they were Masters of Now these Adventures were such as might leave Foresight and Courage a pretence still of disputing it with Fortune which did contribute most to the Success of them But the following Event seems altogether an Effect of good Luck and can be ascrib'd to nothing but pure Felicity for the Corinthian Souldiers which stay'd at Thurium partly for fear of the Carthaginian Galleys which lay in wait for them under the Command of Hanno and partly because of the tempestuous Weather which had lasted for many days took a resolution to march by Land over the Brutian Territories and what with Perswasion and Force together made good their Passage through those Barbarians to the City of Rhegium the Sea being still rough and raging as before But Hanno not expecting the Corinthians would venture out and supposing it would be in vain to wait there any longer be thought himself as he imagin'd of a very notable Stratagem and such a cunning Invention as would be apt to delude and insnare the Enemy in pursuance of which Subtilty he commanded the Sea-men to crown themselves with Garlands and adorning his Galleys with Bucklers both of the Greek and Carthaginian Make he sail'd away for Syracuse in this triumphant Equipage and using all his Oars as he pass'd under the Castle with much Clapping and Laughter he cry'd out on purpose to dishearten the Besieged that he came from vanquishing and taking the Corinthian Succours which he fell upon at Sea as they were passing over into Sicily While he was thus trifling and playing his Tricks before Syracuse the Corinthians now come as far as Rhegium observing the Coast clear and that the Wind was laid as it were by Miracle to afford them in all appearance a quiet and smooth Passage went immediately aboard on such little Barques and Fisher-boats as were then at hand and got over to Sicily with so much safety and such a strange calmness that they drew their Horses by the Reins swiming along by them as the Vessels were under Sayl. When they were all landed Timoleon came to receive them and presently took in Messina by their means from whence he march'd in good order to Syracuse trusting more to his late prosperous Atchievements than his present strength for the whole Army he had then with him did not exceed the number of 4000 however Mago was troubled and fearful at the first notice of his coming but grew more apprehensive and jealous still upon this occasion The Marishes about Syracuse that receive agreat deal of fresh Water as well from Springs and Fountains as from Lakes and Rivers discharging themselves into the Sea do breed abundance of Eels which may be always taken there in great quantities by any that will fish for them Now the mercenary Souldiers that serv'd on both sides were wont to follow the Sport together at their vacant hours and upon any cessation of Arms who being all Greeks and having no Cause of private Enmity to each other as they would venture bravely in Fight so in the times of Truce they did meet and converse amicably together and at that season happening to be employ'd about the common business of Fishing they fell into various Conference some expressing their admiration as to the nature and fruitfulness of that Sea and others telling how much they were taken with the Convenience and commodious scituation of the adjacent Places which gave a hint to one of the Corinthian Party to demand thus of the others And is it possible that you who are Grecians born should be so forward to reduce a City of this Greatness and endu'd with so many rare Advantages into the state of Barbarism and lend your Assistance to plant Carthaginians that are the worst and bloodiest of men so much nearer to us whereas you should rather wish there were many more Sicilies to lye between them and Greece have you so little sense as to believe that they come hither with an Army from Hercules his Pillars and the Atlantick Sea to hazard themselves for the establishment of Icetes who if he had had the Consideration which becomes a General would never have thrown out his Ancestors and Founders to bring in the Enemies of his Countrey in the room of them but might have enjoy'd all suitable Honour and Command with consent of Timoleon and the rest of Corinth The Greeks that were in Pay with Icetes noising these Discourses about their Camp gave Mago some ground to suspect who had long sought for a Pretence to be gone that there was Treachery contriv'd against him so that albeit Icetes entreated him to tarry and made it appear how much stronger they were than the Enemy yet conceiving they came far more short of Timoleon both as to Courage and Fortune than they did surpass him in number he presently went aboard and set Sayl for Africa letting Sicily escape out of his hands with dishonour to himself and for such unknown Causes that no humane Reason could give an account of his departure The day after he went away Timoleon came up before the City appointed for a Battel but when he and his Company both heard of their sudden Flight and saw the Haven empty they could not forbear laughing at the Cowardise of Mago and by way of Mockery caus'd Proclamation to be made throughout that he should have a good Reward for his Intelligence who could bring them tidings whither it was that the Carthaginian Fleet had convey'd it self from them However Icetes resolving to fight it out alone and not quitting his hold of the City but sticking close to those Quarters he was in possession of as Places that were well fortifi'd and not easie to be attack'd Timoleon divided his Forces into three parts and fell upon that side himself where the River Anapus run and which was most strong and difficult of access commanding others that were led by Isias a Corinthian Captain to make their Assault from the Post of Acradina while Dinarchus and Demaretus that brought him the last Supply from Corinth should with a third Division attempt that Quarter which is call'd Epipolae So that a forcible Impression being made from every side at once by which the Souldiers of Icetes were beaten off and put to flight that the City now came to be taken by Storm and fall suddenly into their hands upon such a Defeat and Recession of
and inexorable Wherefore consulting among themâ—elves they set up in opposition to Cato â—even Competitours who with obsequiousness and fair hopes sooth'd the People which seem'd desirous of such a kind of Magistracy which would govern gently â—nd serve their Pleasures Now Cato on â—he contrary promising no such mildness but openly threatning evil Livers from the very speaking Desk he thus express'd himself and cry'd out That the City wanted great Reformation therefore persuaded the people if they were wise not to chuse one of the gentlest but roughest of Physicians and that such a one he was and Valeriâ—â— Flaccus one of the Patricians another so that together with him he doubted not he said but he should do something worth the while and that by cutting to pieces and burning like a Hydra all Luxury and Voluptuousness He added too That he saw all the rest endeavouring after the Office with ill intent because they were afraid of those who wou'd exercise it justly as they ought Upon this occasion the People of Rome did really express themselves Great and worthy also of great Officers shewing that they fear'd not the severity and grim countenance of Cato for rejecting those soothing Blades who seem'd to do all things to ingratiate themselves they took him together with Flaccus nay forth with hearken'd to and obey'd him not â— one who stood for the Place but as if he haâ— had the actual power of Commanding anâ— Governing already By these means I say he put down thâ— name of this his friend Lucius Valerius Flacâ—â— to be his Collegue in that Office and threâ— out of the Senate among several others Lucius Quintus who had been Consul seven years before and which was greater honour to him than the Consulship Brother to that Titus Flaminius who overthrew King Philip. Now the reason he had for the Expulsion was this Lucius it seems took along with him a youth whom he had kept always as a Minion from the very flower of his Age and to whom he gave as much power and respect as to the chiefest of his Friends and Domesticks Now it happen'd that Lucius being Governour of one of the chief Provinces the youth clapping himself down by him as he us'd to do among other Flatteries with which he did easily turn and wind him when he was in his Cups he thus express'd himself I love you so dearly quoth he that though there was a prize to be seen of the Gladiators at home viz. Rome of which nature I never beheld one in my life and though I as 't were long'd to see a Man kill'd yet did I make all possible haste to come to you Upon this Lucius mutually caressing him reply'd Priâ—hee sit not so melancholy for that longing of yours I will cure Ordering there-fore forthwith one of those condemned to dye to be brought to the Feast together with the Heads-man and Axe He askt his Paramour if now he desired to see the â—ellow executed The Boy answering that he did Lucius commanded the Executioner to cut off his Neck and this several Historians mention nay Cicero himself in his Dialogue de Senectute brings in Cato expressing the same thing but Livy says That he that was kill'd was a French Renegade and that Lucius did not execute him by the stroke of the Publick Executioner but even with his own hand And all this is written in a Speech of Cato's Now Lucius being thus expelled out of the Senate by Cato his Brother took it very ill and addressing himself to the People desir'd that Cato shou'd declare how the said Execution was which when he began to relate and bring in the Transactions of the Feast Lucius with lifted up hands eadeavour'd to deny it but Cato calling him to his Oath he fell off and refus'd it so that he was then acknowledg'd to suffer deservedly Afterwards when there was some show at the Theatre he pass'd by the seat where those who had been Consuls us'd to be plac'd and sate a great way off whereby he mov'd Compassion in the common people who presently with a great noise made bim go on forward and so as much as possibly they cou'd did set right and salve what had happen'd Manilius also who according to the publick vogue wou'd have been next Consul he threw out of the Senate and that because in the presence of his Daughter and in open day he was a little too sweet upon his own Wife He wou'd use to say too That his Wife never hugg'd him so close as when there was a great Thunder therefore when he had a mind to rally he wou'd add That he was happy when Jupiter thunder'd Lucius likewise the Brother of Scipio and one who had been honour'd vvith a Triumph occasion'd some Envy against Cato for taking his Horse from him and seeming to do it vvith a design of putting an affront on Scipio Africanus but most of all he chock'd the people by retrenching from their Luxury though most of the youth being thereby already corrupted it seem'd almost impossible to take it away vvith an open hand and directly vvherefore going as it were obliquely round the hedge he caus'd all Victuals Voitures Womens Apparel Utensils of Housevvifery whose price exceeded a Thousand and five hundred Drachms to be rated at ten times as much as they vvere vvorth intending by thus making the said Rates greater to make greater also the publick Tributes He did also ordain that for ev'ry thousand Asses three shou'd be paid so that they vvho vvere press'd vvith these Taxes and savv others of as good Estates more frugal and sparing pay less into the publick Exchequer shou'd be tyr'd out of their prodigality Hereby on the one side not onely they were disgusted at Cato who bore the Taxes for the sake of their Luxury but those too who on the other side lay'd by their Luxury for fear of the Taxes for the common people reckon That an Order not to shew their Riches is equivalent to the taking away their Riches because Riches are seen much more in superfluous than in necessary things though this made Aristo the Philosopher much wonder that we shou'd account them who possess'd superfluous things more happy than those who abounded with what was necessary and useful In troth reply'd he in these unuseful and unnecessary things am I happy and rich Thus the ardent desire of Riches proceeds not from any natural Passion within us but arises rather from some vulgar and extrinsick opinion Cato notwithstanding being little sollicitous as to those who exclaim'd against him grew more stiff in his Austerity He therefore caus'd the Pipes through which some persons brought the publick Water into their own Houses and Gardens to be cut and threw down all the Porches which jetted out into the common streets He beat down also the price of publick Works and on the other side rais'd the Imposts on all things that were sold by which proceedings he contracted a great deal of hatred