Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	call_v	earth_n	sea_n	3,957	5	6.9260	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A90869	A compendious view, or Cosmographical, and geographical description of the whole world. With more plain general rules, touching the use of the globe, then bave been yet published. Wherein is shewed the situation of the several countries, and islands: their particular governments, manners, commodities, and religions. Also a chronology of the most eminent persons, and things that have been since the creation, to this present: wherein you have a brief of the gospel, or a plain, and easie table, directing readily where to find the several things, that were taught, spoke, done and suffered, by Jesus Christ, throughout the said gospel. The which is not onely pleasant, and delightful; but very useful, and profitable; for all. But cheifly for those who want, either time, to read, or money to buy, many books. / By Tho. Porter.	Porter, Thomas, fl. 1654-1668.	1659 (1659)	Wing P2998A; Thomason E1863_2; ESTC R210226	74,944	154

  7 F   8 E D 9 C   70 B   1 A   2 G F 3 E   4 D   5 C   6 B A 7 G   8 F   9 E   80 D C 1 B   2 A   3 G   4 F E 5 D   1686 C   year it declareth that year to be Leap-year Note When you come to the year 1686 which is the last year in the Table you must begin again and must call the year 1659. 1687. and so continue the Table for ever The use of the perpetual Almanack HAving by the former directions found the Sunday letter look in the Almanack what day of the week standeth under that letter for that is the day of the week representeth by the figures under every moneth Example 1659 the Sunday letter is B under which is Friday therefore the figures 18. 15. 22. 29. which stand under April and July doe represent the Fridayes of those moneths so likewise the figures 4. 11. 18. 25. which stand under March November and February do represent the Fridays in those moneths and so of the rest And the Fridayes in every moneth of the year being thus discovered the other dayes are easily known for if the fourth of March or the first moneth be Friday the fifth must be Saterday the 6th Sunday the 7th Munday the 8th Tuesday c. Onely Note that if it be Leap-year there are two Sunday letters each of which will give you a several day as in the year 1660 the Sunday letters are A G the letter gives me Saturday which serves for January and February and G gives me Sunday which serveth for all the year after A Definition Explanation and Description of several Names or Terms of Water and Land THe Terrestrial or Eartly Globe is defined to be a Spherical or round Body proportionably composed of Earth and Water A Figure of which you have expressed at a corner of the Map The Earth is first to be considered and is affirmed by the latest best and most ●●arned Writers to be in compasse 21600 English 〈◊〉 and plainly appears thus Every of the greater Circles contein 360 degrees every degree being accounted 60 English miles let 360 be multiplyed by 60 and the sum or product will be 21600 as was aforesaid The Earth is divided into real and imaginary parts and these usually and commonly into Continents and Islands A Continent is a great quantity of Land not separated or enterlaced by any Sea from other parts of the World in which are conteined many Countries or Kingdoms as Europe Asia or as the Countryes of France Germany Tartary or the like An Island is a part of Land environed or encompassed round about with Water as England and Scotland together or as Ireland alone And these are subdivided or again divided into Peninsula's Isthmus and Promontories A Peninsula is almost an Island that is to say a Tract or part of Land which is but almost encompassed with Water being joyned to the firm Land by some little part of Land or Isthmus as Morea in Greece c. An Isthmus is a little narrow neck of Land which joyneth any Peninsula to the Continent as the straights of Corinth in Greece and Dariena in America A Promontory is a high Mountain which shooteth it self into the Sea the utmost end of which is called a Foreland or Cape as the Cape of Good-hope Cape Verde in Africa and St. Michaels Mount in England There are also other real parts of the Earth as Plains Vallayes Hills Woods and the like but these are so well known by every one that they need no explanation The second real part of the Globe is Water which is divided into Ocean Sea a Straight a Creek or Bay and Lake 1 The Ocean is a general collection of Water which environeth or encompasseth the Earth on every side 2. The Sea is a part of the Ocean to which we cannot come but through some straight as the Mediterraneum sea the Black-sea the Red-sea c. Now it is plain and certain that divers and sundry names have been given to the Sea as well as to the Earth taken either from the Contries and places adjoyning to or watered by it as the Brittish-sea the Spanish-sea the Indian-sea c. or from the divers Climates Situation or parts of the World from whence came the North-sea the East-sea the West-sea the South-sea Mare del Nort Mare del Zur The Sea which floweth between Europe Africa and Asia is called the Mederiterraneum or Mid-land Sea because it lyeth as it were between the aforesaid places She hath sometimes her name from the colour as the Red-sea which also called Arabian Gulf not that the Water is red but the Red sand which lyeth under it make it to appear so Moreover it takes its name oftentimes from the nature effects and events of things as appears in that which did be fal the Spaniard in the Sea between Spain and the Canaries or fortunate Islands for they carrying over a great company of Mares to put in the places they had taken which were destitnte of them that they might there increase and multiply and because by tempest they were drowned in the Sea they called it the Gulf of Mares About the North-pole it is called the frozen Sea because it is there almost alwayes frozen 3. A Straight is a part of the Ocean restrained within narrow bounds and opening a way to the sea as the Straights of Gibralter and the Straights of Magellaniea 4. A Creek or Bay is a crooked shore thrusting out as it were two arms to embrace the sea as the Corinthian and Persian Creeks also Button's and Hudson's Bay 5. A Lake is a great Collection or gathering of Water which hath no visible entercourse with the sea as the Lake of Lough-Neauh in Ireland the Dead-sea in the Land of Canaan and the Caspian-sea though by reason of the bigness of the two last they are called seas And hereunto belong Rivers Brooks and the like which are so well known by every man that we will pass them over without more ado Of the flowing and ebbing of the Sea You must know that it is not always alike for in divers places it doth encrease for the space of 6 whole hours and decrease as many but in the Promontory of Erithrem in Africa commonly called Cabo Rosso it increaseth 4 hours and decreaseth 8. In divers places it keeps alwayes at one state without ebbing or flowing And so at the Cape called Das Palmas it runs still towards the East although by vertue of the first mobile or chief moveable and of the Moon the whole Sea seems to move towards the West Notwithstanding when by interposition of the Earth she is hindred from her natural course it cometh to pass that her course is variable not onely in the aforesaid places but also in many others For the same cause it is that about Florida the Sea runs still towards the North without any return and

so the course hath been observed to be divers according to the diversity of places It must also be observed that the Sea doth move otherwise at the full Moon then it doth when it is but half for there is more strength in a full light then in that which is almost extinguished There is also a certain place in Norway called Maelstroom within which the Sea flowing is in such sort swallowed up by a Gulf that it is never seen afterwards The like is to be seen in the Boddick Gulf. Of the deepness of the Sea It must also be understood that it is not every where equal for it is less in the Ocean then in the Mediterranean Sea The Seas which the Spaniards call Del Nort and Del Zur are in such sort covered with green Reeds that the ships seem rather to sail upon green Meadows then upon the Waters Of the fruitfulness and richness of the Sea And this is no less different according to the diversity of places then of the Earth for they who have sailed through the Sea which is between Spain and America say that they have often made above 100 Leagues without seeing one fish and contrariwise in ther places there are such abundance to be seen that it is wonderful which hath been well known by the those who have sailed towards the North Coasts of America and above all towards Newfound Land which for the abundance of fish is called De Baccalos Moreover one would think that Nature hath taken delight in counterfeiting in the Sea many things which are seen on the Earth For as touching four-footed Beasts you shall find therein the Elephant the Hog the Schel-crab the Dog the Cals the Horse the Cow and many other the like things And as for Feathered Fowels there is the Hawk the Swallow and others yea the very likeness and image of man The ancient Writers as also the late do likewise affirm That there are Meirmaids in the Sea which have at sundry times shewed themselves in divers places as Peter Launy affirmes by the testimony of many to whom I remit the doubtful Reader And finally the Sea brings forth also divers Plants as Coral Pearles Amber Sponge and many other things both delightful and necessary for mans use Of the Circles in the Map and their Vse The imaginary parts of the Earth are such as though not in the Earth yet must be supposed to be so for the understanding of this Science and are certain Circles going about the Earth answerable to them which the Astronomers attribnte to the Heavens That bigger Line which crosseth both Planispheres in the Map straight along in the midst dividing as it were the World into two halves that is to say North and South is called the Equinoctial Equator or middle Line because when the Sun is come thereto which is on the 11th of March and 12th of September the day and night is of equal length over all the World and this is the great fixed and immoveable Circle which goes round about the Earthly Globe from East to West and passeth through Bornea Upper-Ethiopia and Guinea as you may see in the Map This Line is full of black and white spots or spaces to the number of 360 which are called Degrees and a degree consists of 60 minutes and conteins 60 miles for as much as a minute is accounted a mile The use hereof is to shew the Latitude of any Countrey Place or City that is the distance of them towards the North or South from the Equator which is reckoned on the Meridian towards either Pole Those therefore have North latitude that inhabit or dwell between the middle Line and the North Pole and those South latitude who dwell between the Equinoctial and South Pole The Meridian is a great Circle compassing round the Earth from Pole to Pole and is that which you see in the Circumference of the two Planispheres of the Map But there are many Meridians according to the divers places in which a Man lives but the chief and fixed passeth through St. Michaels one of the Azores Isles The use of the Meridian is to shew the Longitude of any Countrey Place or City Now the Longitude is the distance of it East or West from the great and fixed Meridian and this distance or longitude is measured and numbred on the middle Line or Equator by 10 20 c. from the great and fixed Meridian to the numbers of 360 into which the whole Compasse of the Earth is divided An Example shall be this Look for England and you will see that it is a little East of the second Meridian then follow that Line to the Equator and look there as much Eastward as England is from the Meridian above and count or reckon the degrees thereon from the great and fixed Meridian to that place and you will see that it is about 22 and this is the longitude of England but then you must note that we mean the middle thereof All the other small Lines that go through the Map from North to South are also called Meridians We will give you an Example both of the longitude and latitude together Suppose you would know in what degree of longitude and latitude the middle of Ireland is First then look for Ireland and you will see it is North of the fifth parallel then follow that Line to the Meridian and you will see that it is about 51 Then cast your eye to the middle of Ireland and you will see that it is about 52 Then look towards the West and you will perceive that it lies somewhat East of the first Meridian Then follow it down to the Equator and so look as much East there as Ireland is above and you will see that the middle thereof is about 52 which is the longitude thereof so that the middle of Ireland is about the 52 degree of latitude and thus you may easily find any other place or City And this may serve for a Rule to know the length and breadth of any Countrey for as much as every degree is reckoned for 60 miles as was said before Those small Lines thwarting or crossing the Meridian from East to West are called parallels or equidistances being distant one from another 10 deg towards each Pole and are for the easie and ready finding out of the latitude of any place from the equator As for example look for England and count the parallels or equidistances till you come to the parallel which is nearest to it and you will find them to be 5 Then follow that line to the meridian and you will see the figure set thereat is 50 so that you will find the latitude or distance for they are both as one of England from the Equator towards the North-pole to be 50 degr and better but then this you must note is the South part of England and so in the like manner may you find any other place But there is another sort of

the Men and Women FRISLAND so called from the continual Frosts to which it is subject is situated farther from the Arctick then Ice-land the Soil so cold and barren that it beareth neither Corn nor Fruit The Inhabitants live most on Fish which is the chief commodity to invite the Merchant GROENLAND the greater part is situated within the Arctick and is continually covered with Snow except June July and August so that the people are clad in Skins and Furs and dwell much in Caves and are given to Necromancy The chief place of note is St. Thomas his Monastery which as Mercator relates is not far from a burning Mountain standing upon hot scalding Springs conveyed by Pipes of Stone into the Monastery serving both for a Stove to warm them and fire to heat their Victuals The Walls of the Monastery are built of Pumice-stones cast out of that Mountain Which being tempered with the water of those Springs doth make a glutinous substance instead of Lime and as durable And the Garden in regard of this heat is stored with Herbs and sweet Flowers all the year and the adjoyning Sea for the same reason is never frozen but affords both Fish and Fowl SWEDELAND is bounded on the East with Russia on the West with Denmark and Norway on the South with the Baltick Sea and on the North with the North or Petzork Sea The Air is pure and not so extream sharp as in Norway though in some parts for want of care in opening and cleansing the Water-courses there are great Mists and Fogs which do corrupt it The people are naturally strong active and so industrious and provident that they have no beggars Hospitable to strangers and so healthful that they live commonly to above 100 years of age The Commodities that the Countrey affords are Barley Malt Steel Lead Brasse Iron Tallow Nuts Honey costly Furs Hides of Goats Bucks Elks Oxen as also plenty of Pine-Trees Firs and Oaks Neither do their Lakes and Rivers want Fish In Religion they are Lutheran Protestants and are governed by Arch-Bishops and Bishops Of the Isles belonging to Sweden 1. The first is Oeland of no great note but that it is strongly garrisoned and well fortified 2. The second Gothland the Soil is very good but not so much for Tillage as Pasture affording great store of Fish plenty of Pitch and very good Marble POLAND is bounded on the East with Russia on the West with Germany on the South with Hungary and on the North with the Baltick Sea which divides it from Sweden It is plain but full of Woods which are a good meanes to rectifie the coldness of the Air. They have Barley and Pulse in abundance also Wheat and Rye in good plenty and such store of Cattle that it alone is able to supply the greatest part of Europe The people are industrious and studious of Languages especially the Latine proud in their Garb costly in Apparel impatient in their Humors and delicate in their Diet the last common to the Women who are more witty then well spoken But then you must understand that it is spoken chiefly of them on the South part Their Religion is of all sorts Lutherans Calvinists and Arrians and what not but the most part are of the Church of Rome and the Greek Church The first of which hath three Arch-Bishops and 19 Bishops The latter two Arch-Bishops and six Bishops But amongst all of them there is this conformity That whensoever the Gospel is read in the Congregation the Nobility and Gentry use to draw their Swords shewing their readiness to defend the same against all opposers The Commodities wherein it aboundeth are Wheat Rye Honey Wax Pitch Tar Hemp Flax Amber Spruce or Dantz Beer It hath also some Mines of Copper and Iron HUNGARY is bounded on the East with Moldavia on the West with Germany on the South with Sclavonia and on the North with Poland The Soyl is very fruitful in Corn and hath such plenty of Cattle as it alone is thought to be able to supply all Europe therewith and yet some say they send Eighty Thousand Oxen into Germany and Sclavonia yearly and Partridges Pheasants and Deere are there in such abundance that any one may kill them Here are many Rivers plentifully stored with Fish The other Commodities are Tin Iron Copper Lead Salt Wine divers sorts of Colours and some Veins of gold and silver The people are strong of body rude of beheaviour and shew their descent to be of the Scythians by their neglect of Learning both in the Liberal Arts and Mechanical Trades Their Sons equally inherit without priviledge of Birth-right The greatest aspersion with them is the name of a Coward which cannot be wiped away without killing a Turk after which they have the priviledge to wear a Feather the number that they wear signifying the number of Turks killed in Battle They delight in War as their only Trade being slothful like the Irish that so they may live on other mens labours Their Daughters portion is only a new Attire As for Religion they are reckoned Christians a free Exercise whereof was first granted by Maximilian The German Emperour and the Turks share the Countrey betwixt them SCLAVONIA is bounded on the East with Dacia on the West with part of Italy on the South with the Adriatick Sea or Gulf of Venice and on the North with Hungary part of it belongs to the Venetian States pa● to the Hungarians and some to the Turks The people are proud and stubborn strong of body and thereby inabled for works of drudgery of which they have had their share The Countrey is fruitful in those things that are found in Italy and not much inferiour thereto for it hath not only Wine-Oyl good store of Cattle wild and tame but some Veins of silver and gold The Northern parts are mountainous but afford breed of sheep which bring forth young twice a year and are shorn foure times a year as saith my Author Nor is the Sea-coast unprofitable to them for besides the plenty of Fish it affords many convenient Havens The greatest part profess the Christian Religion and allow both that of the Greek Church and that of Rome also yet they are permitted to celebrate Divine Offices in their Natural Language but they are not all Christians the Turks and Mahometans prevailing in these parts There are some small Isles under their obedience that belong thereto as Pogo Pharus but we must passe them by GREECE is bounded on all sides with the Sea except on the North where it bordereth on Dacia as you may see in the Map It was once the Mother of all Learning and Arts but now a Den of the Turkish Emperours whose Palace is at Constantinople The people are not only destitute of Learning and means to obtain it but riotous unconstant uncivil and so lazie that for the most part they endeavour their profit no further then their belly compels them The Women are of a brown complexion

Bread and with the sap a Drink which they use as Wine 8 Amboyna produceth great plenty of Rice Citrons Orenges Lemmons Sugar-canes and Cloves It was first taken by the Portugals but in the year 1605. re-taken by ●he Dutch who did most wickedly torture and mur●er some of our English in 1618. for this only reason because they were loved of the Inhabitants and began to gain their Trade 9 Massar is well stored with Flesh Salt Fish Rice Cotton-Wooll Sander a Medicinal Wood and some Pearls 10 Borneo is rich in Agarick which is of good account in Physick Camphire and some Mines of Adamants 11 Java-Major or The Greater yields good plenty of Rice Corn Fruit Flesh abundance of Silk the best Brass a great quantity of Cinamon Cinger Pepper and other Spices store of Fowl both Tame and Wild as also Gold and some pretious Stones but the Countrey is much exposed to florm and tempest The people are proud treacherous lying and careless of their words cruel and hard to be pacified if they be offended being of a middle stature broad faces and full bodied 12 Java the Lesser I have little certainty of it and therefore shall passe it by 13 Sumatra the Air is very hot and unwholsom because of the gross Vapours that arise from the Fens Their onely Grain is Rice but it affords plenty of Pepper Camphire Ginger Agarick Cassi● Silks Cottons Honey Wax Mines of Iron Tin Sulphur Brimstone and Go●d in such plenty that some conceive this Island to be Solomon's Ophir The people are cunning Merchants and good Artificers 14 Zeiland or Ceylon as it hath many Hills and Valleys watered with several Rivers so hath it whole Woods of Cinamon besides Lemmons Orenges Mettalls and Jewels Also Tame and Wild Beasts and Fowl in great plenty The people are straight and tall of body naked from the middle upwards good Artificers but are given to pleasure and bravery and such is the weight of their Jewels that the holes in their Ears are stretched near their shoulders There are divers others which are small and not much of account that we must omit And as for knowledge of the principal Cities and Rivers which are herein we will send you to the Map of Africa A View of AFRICA or as we may call it the hot World for that the Aequinoctiall Line passeth through it well near in the midst AFRICA is bounded on all sides with the Sea except towards Asia where it bordereth on Arabia as appeares in the Map it is situated for the most part between the two Tropicks of Cancer and Capricorn in the Torrid or scorched Zone The Aequator or Aequinoctial passing almost through the middle of it yet they were much mistaken who thought it was not inhabited because so extream hot for it could not be long after the Earth began to be replenished but some came into this part And some are of opinion that the Sonnes of Cham possessed the Northern part presently after the confusion of Babel Neither could it hardly be otherwise considering how nigh it is unto that part in which Adam was first placed and to those so much mentioned in Scripture And in the time of Jacob there was such store of provision that it supplyed the wants of the Canaanites as you may see Gen. 42. Yet we yield that in some places it is full of sandy Desarts as you will better perceive in the Description of the several Countries The state of the Christian Religion in this part is very weak insomuch that not only the North part of Africa near the Mediterranean even from Spain to Egypt where once the Gospel so exceedingly flourished that 300 Bishops were at one time banished from thenc● by Guencericus King of the Vandals is at present void of Christians except some Towns belonging to the King of Spain but even in this Countrey near thrice as big as Europe there is not one Region entirely Christians but the Kingdom of Abassia onely Nor one where the Christians are mingled with Mahometans but only Egypt neither any where they are mingled with Idolaters but in Congo and Angola and some few Towns on those Coasts in the hands of the Portugals The people possessing and dispersed in this part we may reduce 1. To Africans properly so called 2. Abissines 3. Egyptians 4. Jews 5. Arabians and some European Christians in Forts and Garrisons From hence are brought Dates Balm Ginger Sugar Myrrhe Aloes Aneel Ivory Ebony also Madera and Canary Wines Egypt is bounded on the East with Arabia and some part of the Red Sea on the West with Barbary on the South with Aeth●opia Superior on the North with the Mediterranean Sea Here is seldom Rain which defect is supplyed by the over-flowing of the River Nilus so that notwithstanding the Heat it is very fruitful in Wheat Barley Oats and Pulse It aboundeth also in rich Pasture wherein are good store of sheep Oxen Horses Camels Goats and Mules of a bigger growth then ordinary It produceth good Wines and choise Fruits as Pomgranates Citrons and divers others with some precious Stones The chief places of note are Alexandria and Caire the last was heretofore Memphis some say Babylon whither the Virgin Mary fled to escape Herod's cruelty intended against Christ The things that are strange and rare which we shall speak of here are only these The Crocodile a Creature of a strange nature hatched of an Egge about as big as a Turkies but increaseth to the length of near 30 foot his Tail as long as all his Body with which he doth enchant his prey and draw it into the water used equally to both Elements but can see best in the water The shape or picture whereof you have over the Ti●le in the Map Another is the Isle and Tower of Pharos situated opposite to Alexandria and about a mile distant from the Land but joyned to the Continent by Cleopatra for the Rhodians being then Lords of the Seas used to exact some Tribute out of every Island within the Seas belonging to Egypt and therefore sent to Cleopatra to demand the same But she detained the Messengers 7 or 8 dayes under pretence of making a Solemn Festival and in the mean time by making huge Dams and Banks in the Sea with incredible charge and speed united the Island to the shore and sent the Rhodians away with this answer That they were to take toll of the Islands and not of the Continent a work of great rarity and bigness taking up seven furlongs of ground There is also a Watch-Tower called by the name of the Island wonderful high ascending by degrees having many Lanthorns on the top wherein Lights burned nightly as a direction for Saylers the Seas upon those coasts being very unsafe to guid them over the Barre of Alexandria About 5 miles distant from the City of Caire there is a certain place in which on every Good-Friday yearly appear the Heads Arms and Legs of men rising out of the ground which

Hereticks as he called them to passe it so easily and not to give them the like speed 5 Ainan which affords plenty of Honey Wax Fish Ivory Gold Iron and very large Sheep In Religion they are Heathens in all the aforesaid Kingdoms onely some Mahometans on the Sea-coasts Of the Islands belonging to Africa 1 Zocotora at the mouth of the Red-Sea lyeth open to the sharp Winds and is therefore extream dry and barren yet affords some good Pasture for the breed of Cattle as also Dates and some kind of Fruits liberally furnished with Medicinal Drugs and the best Aloes c. The people are rude and barbarous and though their Hair be long yet their Cloathing is hardly enough to cover their nakedness The Women govern all the Affairs within and without their Bread for the most part is made of Dates the rest of their Food is milk and butter The people are accounted Christians and Jacobites in Sect adoring the Cross most superstitiously and give themselves much to Enchantments 2 Madagascar or St. Laurence is rich and plentifully stored with almost all Commodities that man can use as Rice Sugar Honey Goats Deer Elephants and other Creatures both Tame and Wild in great plenty Also Beeves and Muttons both large and good are here in such abundance that they sell them for very trifles Here is also Wax Cotton Ginger Saffron Cloves Amber some Mines of Gold Silver Copper and Iron And here grows ● Tree which beares that Fruit called Caeos a kind of Date as big as a Cabbage wherein is a pint of Liquor which tasts like Wine and Sugar and the Kernel is sufficient to satisfie two men It affords not only meat but cloathing furniture for their Houses Tackling for Ships Timber for Building and Fuel for the Fire The people for the most part are black ignorant and treacherous Idolaters in the midland parts and Mahometans upon the Sea-coasts 3 Mohelia the people are black large strong and couragious they pink their Arms and Faces in several shapes and use no other Apparel but their Natural Garments except some Plantain Leaves to hide their shame They are Mahometans 4 Mauritius or De Cirne is well stored with Beeves Goats Hogs most sorts of Fish dainty Fruits and plenty of Ebony of all colours yet not inhabited 5 St. Hellen is very high and hilly stored with Hogs Goats Hens Orenges Lemmons Figs and the like 6 St. Thomas is situated directly under the Equator inhabited by the Negroes and Portugals The Air agrees so well with the former that they generally live to 100 years of Age but few of the Portugals to 50. It is destitute of Wheat but abounds with Sugar In the midst hereof stands a Woody Mountain over-shadowed continually with Clouds which moysten the Trees that grow here in good plenty from whence falls a great quantity of water which doth refresh their Fields and Sugar-canes notwithstanding the extream heat of the Air. Their Religion is the Christian 7 Princes Island so called because the Revenues thereof belonged to the Prince of Portugal 8 The Isles of Gorgades or Cape Verde the chief now inhabited are 1 St. Jago though it be mountainous and rocky yet is full of pleasant Vallies and well inhabited 2 Demay hath a Lake whose Water is medicinable 3 Del Fuego so called from the Flakes of Fire which it usually sends forth The rest we forbear to name 9 The Hesperides which are often mentioned by the ancient Poets in the Fable of Atlas his Daughters It was supposed to be the Seat of their blessed which they called the Elisian Fields and indeed it is a happy Soil the Weather alwayes fair the Season also temperate and the Air never extream 10 The Canaries and they are 7. 1. Canary is plentiful in Barley Sugar-canes Honey Wax Kine Camels Goats Woad for Dyers and Canary Wine which at first was accounted good for cold stomachs but is now brought in such abundance to supply Luxury that as it is reported there are 3000 Tuns vended yearly into England and Holland 2 Teneriffa hath a Mountain in it which as some affirm may be seen 80 Leagues or more at Sea in a clear day This Island is as fruitful as Canary but hath no Water but from a Cloud which at Noon dissolves and is conveyed into several parts 3 Gomera though formerly most barbarous yet is now as well manured as the rest 4 Ferra hath no fresh water but what they preserve in showers both for themselves and Beasts but a happiness it is if they have them oft 5 Palma is well stored with Cattle Cheese Sugar and Wine and is the place where our Ships touch to refresh themselves in their Voyage towards America 6 Forte Ventura which is of the same nature with the rest 7 Lancerote whose Inhabitants were the first that were made subject to the Spaniards and were then so rude and ignorant that they did account it the greatest work that could be put upon them to kill a Beast and did therefore impose it on condemned persons and prisoners But now they are most Christians of the Church of Rome and their Seat of Justice is in that Isle called Canary There are some others but of little account and therefore I omit them And as for the knowledge of the Cities of most note that are within this part we shall refer you to the Map of Africa A View of AMERICA or as we may call it The New World for that it was last discovered AMERICA or The New World so called because it was last discovered and from its bigness Christopher Columbus was the first that opened a gap into it Next to him Americus Vesputius who gave it that name Ferdinando Magellanicus first attempted and found out the compass of the South-Sea Limits which beareth his Name Our own Heroicks Sir Francis Drake and Noble Candish followed and added to what was done by them Davis and Forbisher two English-men went fair for a Passage round and have left their Names behind them in the North part thereof as is expressed in the Map This New World or America hath many Mines in some whereof as it is reported they hardly find so much Earth as Gold which they exchange for Axes Hammers Knives and such like Tools for want of which they formerly made their Boats or Canoes with the force of fire There are such multitudes of Bulls and Kine that the Spaniards kill thousands yearly onely for their Tallow and Hides It is also very plentiful in Spices and Fruits and divers strange Beasts and Birds which other parts are ignorant of as Deer without Horns a kind of Hare resembling a Cat in its Tayl a Wont in its feet and under his Chin is a little bag which Nature hath taught him to make a Store-house for having filled his belly he reserveth the rest therein And here is a Bird so big that it will seize on a Calf or Sheep and devour it Here is another also as little called Tomineo

of all colours yet hardly bigger then a Butter-fly and is as sweet as the Nightingale in note The People are indifferent fair though a good part of it lyeth in the same Parallel as the Land of Negroes so that it appeares that the heat of the Sun is not the sole and onely cause of blackness and it is most probable that these people came first out of Tartary not only by reason of their rude and barbarous manners but also because America is parted from thence by a very small straight as appeares in the Map to which I refer you But from whomsoever these People descended they have surely been here many Ages which clearly appeares because no part was found without Inhabitants by any of the first Discoverers though now much diminished by the cruelty of the Spaniards who killed them like Beasts not suffering them to enjoy their Natural Birth-right though there was Land and Riches enough both for the one and the other But in our Description of this Western Hemisphere we shall speak to it as it is now known and discovered in the several Countries and then of Its Islands And this we would have you note that when we say the People you are to understand the old and Natural Inhabitants except we express the contrary We will begin in the North part because that is the upper-part of our Map and the Cardinal or chief Point of the Wind or Compass As for the furthest North of all we can say little onely that some small Discoveries have been made by our English to several parts as appeares by the several Names given thereto as New-North Wales New-South-Wales New-Brittain Buttons-Bay Hudsons Straights and the like which you may see in the Map Estotiland is but little known and therefore this is all that we can say of it That it is very cold yet is said to have divers Mettals and Fruits necessary for the life of the People whose Cloathing is the Skins of Beasts and Sea-Calves Labourers Land is like to it and they are accounted both as one Terra-corterealis was first discovered by Sebastian Cabot Anno 1499. at the charge of Hen. 7th who found good store of great Stags White Beares and abundance of Cod-fish but returning home there being preparation for a War with Scotland nothing was done in further Discovery Canada on the North of New-France all we can say of it is that the French have taken some possession hereof and that it affords good store of Wild-Beasts and Fish New-France hath plenty of Stags Hares Conies Beares Foxes and Fish The people are rude Idolaters and are allowed two or three Wives apiece The Women labour more then the men both in digging the ground and in Fishing and are so constant that they will not marry after the death of their Husbands New Scotland containing that part to New-France which was by King James called Cady in his Grant to Sir William Alexander 1621. But he for want of meanes sold it to the French Norumbega the soil is fruitful and the Air of an indifferent temper the men are given much to Hunting and the women love their Husbands well for until the death of their Husbands be revenged if at any time they be killed they will neither eat flesh nor marry New-England now come we to have the Countries better distinguished that they may be discerned in the Map for thereunto we refer you hath on the South-West New-Netherland on the North-East Norumbega The rest either borders on the Sea or is not well discovered The Air is much like to that of England and the soil fruitful in the Natural Commodities as also in those that were carried from England It affords great store of Wood Deer Fruit Swans Ducks Geese Partridge Pidgeons and the like But the chief Commodities are Amber rich Furs Iron Pitch c. New-Netherland hath on the South-West Virginia and on the North-East New-England The Air is good and the soil fruitful abounding with Nuts and Wild-Grapes and is within the Hollanders jurisdiction Their Woods are stored with Deer their Plains with Fowl and their Rivers with Fish They have also Grain Hemp and Flax in good plenty The people are fickle yet true to them that trust them and did use Bows and Arrows until the Dutch furnished them with Arms and shewed them how to use them but they were the first that felt the smart Their Religion is gross Idolatry for they worship the Devil by the name of Meneto Virginia is bounded on the South-West with Florida on the North-East with New-Netherland The Countrey is mixt with Hills and Vallies affording not onely Woods Fruits and Corn but plenty of Cattle Fowl Fish Turpentine Pitch Gums Allum and some Mines of Copper and Iron The People are crafty and inconstant for the most part full limb'd and tall wearing an Apron and a loose Garment and paint their bodies with horrid shapes of Serpents and other Creatures They worship whatsoever is like to hurt them as Water Thunder Fire and the like Florida is bounded on the East with the Sea called Mare Del Nort on the West with some part of New-Spain and some Countries not yet well known On the South the Gulf of Mexico and on the North East-Virginia It was first discovered by Cabot an English-man in the year 1497. though better searched into by John de Ponce a Spaniard Anno 1527. The People are of a big stature and go naked except their secret parts which they cover with some skins They have many Hermaphrodites which they put to all kind of drudgery And herein are divers sorts of Woods as Bay-Trees Cypress Cedars Oaks and the like Also wild and tame Beasts with several sorts of Fruits and some Mines of Gold and Silver New-Albion lieth on the West of California and was first discovered by Sir Francis Drake who gave it that name in honour of England which was once called Albion But because it lieth at such a distance from thence that little or no benefit could be returned it hath been neglected Beyond it lieth the Kingdom of Quivira and Anian The last so called from the straights of Anian which parts America from Asia New-Spain is bounded on the East with the Gulf of Mexico on the West with the Gulf of California and part of Mare Del Zur on the South with Mary Del Zur on the South-East with Guatimalia the North not yet discovered The Air is very hot but much qua●ified by the cooling-Winds which come from the Sea almost on three sides The people are more ingenuous then the rest of the savadges curious in painting upon Cotton what is presented to their Eyes Neither are any more expert in refining Mettals or making of their Feather-Pictures at which they will sit a whole day touching and trying how they may best fit each Feather to the place assigned The Countrey affords plenty of Citrons Pomgranates Cherries and other European Fruits many Silver and Brasse Mines but few of Gold or

People are without any setled Government though they acknowledge some Superiority in the chief parts The Richest who have two or three Wives a piece and the poorer who have but one are alike jealous and if they take them in Adultery they beat out their brains without more ado Their Wives but especially the eldest they use as servants and solemnize their Funerals with a strange Feast for the men drink and sing and the Women houl Their Accounts and Reckonings they keep by a bundle of sticks which they either increase or diminish as they have occasion The Countrey is divided into these three parts 1. Guiana specially so called is so fruitful that on the shrubs grow plenty of Cotton Sugar-canes without planting and Tobacco to nine handfuls long Their Fields are well stored with Beasts which they call Moyres in use and shape resembling Kine but without horns their Woods with Venison and their Rivers with Fish They make their Bread and Drink of a Plant called Cassavi and a great part of their Food is Fish which they intoxicate with a strong-scented Wood and so take them up while they are floating on the top of the Water 2. Oronoque is very rich and pleasant consisting of large Plains adorned with unknown Plants and Flowers and sometimes Hills intermingled which are reported to be furnished with Mines of Silver and Gold the Forests with Beasts and Fowl and the Rivers with Fish so that no Countrey in all America can compare with this for abundance of Riches 3. Rio de las Amazones or the River of Amazons though in some places it be dry and barren yet in others very fruitful and full of large Woods wherein are most sorts of Trees which are found in America Amongst the rest here is one peculiar to this place which they call Too-ock of a very large Bulk and the Fruit as big as a mans head so that when it is ripe the people dare not go into the Woods without some strong shelter for fear it should beat out their brains New-Granada is bounded on the East with Guiana on the West with Mare Del Zur on the South the Countries not yet discovered and on the North with Castella Del Oro. It is generally full of Woods and hath good Pasture in some parts wherein are many Cattle some Corn Mines of Gold and other Mettals but not so good And here groweth the Wood Guatican good for the French Pox. The Air hereof is much alike both in Winter and Summer the People tall and strong of body and given much to dancing and singing Peru is bounded on the East with a great ridge of Mountains called Andes on the West with Mare Del Zur on the South with Chile and on the North with some part of New-Granada It affords very little Maize or Wheat so that the Inhabitants live most on Roots yet they have store of a kind of sheep which they call Pacos as big as a small breed of Horses but in taste as pleasant as our English Mutton and not inferiour for nourishment nor are they onely of good use for their fleece and flesh but also to carry burthens and so well they know their own strength that if they are overladen no blows will make them go till their burthen be lightned Herein are also a multitude of Beasls like wild Goats And though the great Riches of this Countrey be in the never-fading Mines of Gold and Silver yet Tobacco is no small profit to the Spaniard The people are ignorant of Letters but well skild in such Weapons as they had been used to Of good courage in Warre and fearless of death prompt thereto by an old conceit that in the other World they shall eat drink and love Women And therefore divers times at the Burials of great persons who were attended on in this life they use to kill and bury one or more of his servants with him to wait upon him in the other World This Countrey is of a vast length but the breadth not answerable Chile is bounded on the East with some unknown Countries on the West with the Pacifick Sea or Mare del Zur on the South with the Straights of Magellanica and on the North with that part of Peru called the Desart of Alacama It lyeth almost wholly between the Straights of Magellanica and the Tropick of Capricorn and therefore in the South temperate-Zone and yet as some say extream cold insomuch that some are frozen to death and hardned like Marble And though the Midland be mountainous and barren yet towards the Sea it is very fruitful in Maize and Wheat and hath very good Pasture stored with Cattle plenty of Gold Silver and Honey The people are of a large stature and white complexion The Straights of Magellan were so called from Magellanus who first discovered them Their breadth is very unequal for in some places it is 5 or 10 miles broad in some 2 or 3 in the narrowest but one There are in all 3 several Straights which heretofore they were clear of The first of which is most dangerous because it ebbeth and floweth with violent swiftness The second is bad enough though least dangerous The third is said to be of that nature that let a man steer his course which way he will the Wind will be still against him And therefore it is no marvel that Magellanus when he had past them and got into the main Ocean called it the Pacifick or Peaceable Sea Paraguay is bounded on the East with some part of the main Atlantick on the West with some unknown Countries between it and Chile on the South with part of Chile the main Atlantick Ocean on the North with some part of Brasile So far as it is discovered it is said to be very fruitful in Wheat and European Fruits and the Cattle which are brought from Spain increase much there It hath some veins of Gold and Silver Mines of Brass Iron Monkies Stags in abundance I need not say that here are good store of Tigers Lions and such like Creatures a few of them being too many Brasile is bounded on the East with the Main Atlantick on the West with some unknown Countries on the South with Paraguay and on the North with some part of Guiana the Atlantick Ocean It is very fruitful in most places were it not for the abundance of rain which doth often fall yet Sugar-canes grow here in great plenty and a kind of Wheat which is alwayes growing and continually ripe for when some is ripe others blossom And here is a certain Plant called Copiba the vertue of which is known to the very Beasts for if they are bit by any venomous Creature they resort to it for cure The people are the Monsters of Nature being malicious and barbarous for when they get the body of a fat man they gather a company together and rost him making a jovial Banquet therewith They are said to worship no God at all