esq_n benjamin_n woodroff_n d._n d._n canon_n of_o ch._n ch._n oxon_n sr._n peter_n wyche_n lady_n wymondesold_n of_o putney_n tho._n wyndham_n esq_n groom_n of_o the_o bedchamber_n john_n wyvell_n minister_n by_o rochester_n richard_n ld._n arch_n bp._n of_o york_n robert_n earl_n of_o yarmouth_n robert_n yard_n esq_n john_n yardley_n m._n d._n col._n med._n lond._n s._n hon._n tho._n yate_n d._n d._n principal_a of_o brazen-nose_n coll._n oxon_n james_n young_a esq_n robert_n young_a canon_n of_o windsor_n orbis_fw-la terrarum_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accuratissima_fw-la tabula_fw-la auctore_fw-la joanne_n à _fw-fr loon_n honi_fw-fr soit_fw-fr qui_fw-fr mal_fw-fr y_fw-fr pense_fw-fr serenissimo_fw-la potentissimoque_fw-la domino_fw-la domino_fw-la carolo_n secundo_fw-la magnae_fw-la britanniae_fw-la francia_fw-la et_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la reg_n defensor_fw-la fidei_fw-la hanc_fw-la tabulam_fw-la totius_fw-la orbis_n d._n d._n d._n 〈…〉_o nova_fw-la totius_fw-la terrarum_fw-la orbis_fw-la geographica_n ac_fw-la hydrographica_n tabula_fw-la to_o the_o right_n reverend_a father_n in_o god_n john_n by_o divine_a permission_n ld._n bishop_n of_o oxon_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v johannes_n jansonius_n à _fw-fr waesberge_n and_o moses_n pitt_n and_o steven_n swart_a septem_fw-la planeta_n luna_fw-la ♋_o ☽_o mercurius_n ♊_o ☿_o venus_n ♎_o ♉_o sol_fw-la ♌_o ☉_o mars_n ♈_o ♂_o jupiter_n â™_o ♃_o saturnus_n ♑_o ♄_o quatuor_fw-la elementae_fw-la ignis_fw-la aer_fw-la aqua_fw-la terra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la anni_fw-la tempestates_fw-la ver_fw-la ♈_o ♉_o ♊_o aestas_fw-la ♋_o ♌_o â™_o autumnus_fw-la ♎_o â™_o â™_o hiems_n ♑_o â™’_o ♓_o septem_fw-la mirabilia_fw-la mundi_fw-la murus_n babyloniae_fw-la colossus_n pyramid_n mausoleum_n dianae_n templum_n jupiter_n olympicus_n pharos_n america_n septentrionalism_n terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la the_o introduction_n cosmography_n be_v a_o general_a description_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n work_n the_o intention_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n consist_v of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n of_o both_o which_o a_o account_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v give_v in_o this_o atlas_n that_o of_o the_o heaven_n be_v reserve_v to_o a_o peculiar_a volume_n it_o being_n as_o we_o conceive_v of_o great_a necessity_n that_o we_o begin_v with_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o first_o of_o this_o great_a globe_n in_o general_a the_o description_n whereof_o belong_v to_o geography_n as_o that_o of_o particular_a region_n and_o country_n be_v call_v chorography_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o their_o peculiar_a map_n nor_o shall_v we_o omit_v such_o topographical_n description_n or_o the_o knowledge_n of_o lesser_a place_n as_o city_n river_n mountain_n etc._n etc._n where_o advantage_n may_v be_v to_o the_o reader_n now_o this_o globe_n which_o we_o call_v of_o the_o earth_n consist_v of_o land_n and_o water_n or_o sea_n the_o description_n of_o those_o be_v proper_o name_v hydrography_n which_o set_v forth_o the_o 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natural_o separate_v one_o from_o another_o by_o sea_n ledge_n of_o mountain_n river_n desert_n and_o the_o like_a which_o be_v very_o opportune_a for_o the_o distinction_n of_o nation_n kingdom_n and_o government_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o creation_n globe_n of_o the_o water_n in_o this_o globe_n the_o water_n be_v light_a than_o the_o earth_n according_o overspread_v and_o compass_v it_o to_o some_o considerable_a height_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o earth_n or_o water_n create_v be_v a_o undeterminable_a curiosity_n on_o the_o three_o day_n the_o almighty_a creator_n separate_v they_o by_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o sink_v into_o the_o deep_a and_o open_a cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o by_o the_o height_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o shore_n they_o be_v restrain_v as_o in_o a_o vessel_n from_o return_v to_o overflow_v and_o drown_v the_o dry_a land_n but_o if_o the_o shore_n be_v weak_a as_o many_o time_n it_o happen_v the_o water_n break_v through_o and_o overwhelm_v so_o much_o of_o the_o
i_o shall_v not_o determine_v but_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n issue_v by_o these_o spring_n that_o perhaps_o all_o these_o cause_n and_o many_o more_o will_v hardly_o be_v sufficient_a consider_v that_o some_o particular_a river_n v._o g._n volga_n vent_v say_v varenius_n as_o much_o water_n in_o one_o year_n as_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n amount_v to_o or_o if_o not_o one_o as_o some_o think_v they_o demonstrate_v yet_o three_o or_o four_o or_o as_o many_o as_o flow_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n discharge_v so_o much_o water_n as_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v except_o we_o acknowledge_v a_o circulation_n of_o water_n not_o only_o by_o be_v rarify_v into_o vapour_n and_o condense_v again_o but_o also_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o conceive_n whereof_o perhaps_o it_o may_v somewhat_o conduce_v to_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o content_n of_o this_o great_a globe_n at_o least_o so_o much_o of_o it_o as_o be_v 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as_o into_o the_o coal-pit_n lead-mine_n etc._n etc._n methinks_v therefore_o we_o may_v probable_o say_v 1._o that_o all_o those_o spring_n which_o arise_v near_o the_o bottom_n of_o hill_n and_o all_o such_o as_o diminish_v much_o in_o dry_a weather_n come_v from_o rain-water_n or_o melt_v snow_n 2._o such_o as_o arise_v in_o plain_n of_o which_o there_o be_v not_o many_o be_v furnish_v with_o the_o water_n in_o the_o gravel_n which_o be_v supply_v either_o out_o of_o the_o great_a abyss_n if_o it_o be_v not_o the_o abyss_n itself_o not_o unknown_a as_o it_o seem_v to_o seneca_n nimis_fw-la say_v he_o ille_fw-la oculis_fw-la permittit_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la credit_n esse_fw-la in_o abscondito_fw-la terrae_fw-la sinus_fw-la maris_fw-la vasti_fw-la or_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n discharge_v itself_o by_o this_o mean_n into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o from_o this_o water_n also_o be_v supply_v the_o well_n and_o pit_n which_o in_o some_o country_n afford_v all_o the_o water_n they_o use_v many_o of_o which_o also_o approach_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o summer_n then_o winter_n the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n force_v they_o high_o 4._o that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o salt-spring_n shall_v bring_v that_o tincture_n from_o the_o sea_n in_o wide_a channel_n or_o pipe_n because_o that_o there_o be_v great_a mine_n of_o salt_n of_o divers_a kind_n generate_v in_o the_o earth_n the_o solution_n of_o which_o may_v very_o well_o impregnate_n the_o water_n but_o these_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o our_o purpose_n but_o must_v be_v leave_v to_o their_o particular_a country_n where_o they_o arise_v it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o most_o wise_a creator_n make_v all_o thing_n in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n which_o proportion_n though_o we_o do_v not_o understand_v yet_o we_o must_v needs_o admire_v he_o who_o in_o the_o beginning_n establish_v such_o a_o never-failing_a harmony_n whether_o this_o globe_n of_o earth_n grow_v or_o not_o earth_n of_o the_o grow_a of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o much_o material_a to_o our_o purpose_n for_o neither_o the_o growth_n or_o diminish_n of_o it_o can_v be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o alter_v the_o usual_a measure_n or_o distance_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v rational_o say_v that_o in_o low_a soft_a and_o boggy_a place_n it_o do_v grow_v not_o only_o by_o the_o wind_n and_o rain_n carry_v down_o somewhat_o still_o into_o those_o part_n but_o also_o by_o the_o grass_n weed_n and_o fog_n which_o by_o the_o rain_n be_v flat_v and_o beat_v down_o in_o winter_n do_v the_o next_o spring_n send_v forth_o new_a shoot_v from_o the_o old_a root_n which_o in_o tract_n of_o time_n do_v raise_v the_o ground_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o such_o earth_n we_o oftentimes_o find_v tree_n which_o be_v cut_v down_o in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o former_o grow_v and_o not_o carry_v away_o in_o good_a time_n be_v at_o length_n grow_v over_o and_o cover_v with_o those_o weed_n and_o herb_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o turff-pit_n for_o this_o matter_n be_v not_o earth_n but_o turf_n they_o find_v not_o long_o ago_o a_o small_a parcel_n of_o coin_n upon_o a_o heap_n perhaps_o they_o have_v be_v tie_v up_o in_o some_o matter_n that_o be_v putrify_v of_o edward_n iv_o as_o i_o judge_v by_o the_o face_n and_o this_o be_v about_o eighteen_o foot_n deep_a which_o give_v we_o some_o conjecture_n how_o long_o at_o most_o that_o turf_n be_v a_o grow_a i._n e._n eighteen_o foot_n in_o two_o hundred_o year_n by_o the_o way_n also_o there_o be_v a_o few_o year_n ago_o in_o the_o forest_n of_o dean_n after_o the_o miner_n have_v wrought_v over_o a_o great_a cinder-heap_n find_v divers_a coin_n of_o brass_n fresh_a as_o when_o first_o mint_v of_o tetricus_n and_o some_o other_o of_o those_o tyrant_n about_o the_o year_n 260_o which_o give_v some_o hint_n by_o who_o and_o at_o what_o time_n those_o iron-mine_n be_v wrought_v neither_o do_v 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near_a distance_n betwixt_o the_o two_o place_n measure_v by_o the_o arc_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n be_v the_o other_o side_n but_o this_o case_n have_v so_o many_o variety_n and_o intricacy_n that_o it_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o set_v down_o the_o whole_a operation_n especial_o because_o it_o be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o problem_n with_o that_o in_o navigation_n have_v the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n betwixt_o two_o place_n to_o find_v out_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o rumb_n lead_v to_o they_o which_o may_v be_v more_o proper_o demonstrate_v in_o another_o volume_n to_o be_v set_v forth_o concern_v such_o matter_n a_o easy_a method_n and_o sufficient_o accurate_a for_o ordinary_a use_n be_v to_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o and_o then_o to_o apply_v they_o to_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o mark_v how_o many_o degree_n they_o set_v off_o there_o which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o give_v their_o distance_n in_o mile_n 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 _fw-fr english_fw-fr foot_n inch._n 10_o part_n english_a foot_n 00_o 12_o 00_o rynland_n or_o lynden_n which_o be_v the_o old_a roman_a foot_n 01_o 00_o 04_o leyden_n ell_n 02_o 03_o 01_o paris_n foot_n 01_o 00_o 08_o lion_n ell_n 03_o 11_o 07_o bologna_n ell_n 02_o 00_o 08_o amsterdam_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 03_o ell_n 02_o 03_o 02_o brill_n foot_n 01_o 01_o 02_o dort_n foot_n 01_o 02_o 02_o antwerp_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 03_o ell_n 02_o 03_o 03_o lorain_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 04_o mechlin_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 00_o middleburg_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 09_o strasburg_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 00_o bremen_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 06_o cologn_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 04_o frankford_n and_o menain_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 04_o ell_n 01_o 09_o 09_o hamburg_n ell_n 01_o 10_o 08_o leipsig_n ell_n 02_o 03_o 01_o lubic_n ell_n 01_o 09_o 08_o noremburgh_n foot_n 01_o 00_o 01_o ell_n 02_o 03_o 03_o bavaria_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 04_o vienna_n foot_n 01_o 00_o 06_o spanish_n or_o castille_n palm_n 00_o 09_o 00_o spanish_n vare_fw-la or_o rod_n 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the_o chief_a profit_n and_o that_o which_o draw_v man_n to_o those_o desolate_a and_o comfortless_a place_n be_v the_o whalefishing_a of_o whale_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n some_o unprofitable_a to_o the_o fisher_n whale_n whale_n as_o the_o jubarta_fw-la of_o a_o black_a colour_n sixty_o foot_n long_o with_o a_o fin_n upon_o his_o back_n his_o fin_n be_v nothing_o worth_a his_o back_n yield_v some_o not_o much_o oil_n his_o belly_n none_o at_o all_o sedeva_n be_v of_o a_o white_a colour_n big_a than_o the_o rest_n his_o fin_n not_o above_o a_o foot_n long_o scarce_o any_o oil_n sedeva_n negra_n be_v of_o a_o black_a colour_n with_o a_o great_a tumour_n upon_o his_o back_n yield_v neither_o oil_n fin_n nor_o tooth_n sewria_n white_a as_o snow_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o wherry_n yield_v little_a oil_n no_o fin_n but_o be_v good_a to_o eat_v those_o which_o be_v more_o seek_v after_o and_o profitable_a be_v the_o beard_a or_o grand-bay_n because_o first_o kill_v in_o 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oil_n otta-sotta_a gray_a have_v white_a fin_n in_o his_o mouth_n not_o above_o a_o yard_n long_o he_o yield_v the_o best_a oil_n but_o not_o above_o thirty_o hogshead_n these_o fin_n be_v that_o we_o call_v the_o whale-bone_n and_o grow_v in_o the_o upper_a jaw_n on_o either_o side_n of_o his_o mouth_n about_o three_o hundred_o of_o a_o side_n but_o the_o short_a one_o be_v not_o regard_v the_o ancient_n thought_n that_o he_o live_v upon_o the_o froth_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o he_o raise_v and_o as_o it_o be_v churn_v by_o violent_a beat_n upon_o the_o water_n with_o these_o fin_n and_o afterward_o suck_v it_o up_o and_o that_o because_o many_o time_n they_o find_v his_o stomach_n quite_o empty_a other_o say_v that_o he_o feed_v upon_o such_o plant_n and_o weed_n as_o he_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n for_o they_o have_v find_v great_a quantity_n of_o such_o in_o his_o stomach_n but_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o his_o chief_a meat_n be_v a_o certain_a sort_n of_o small_a crab_n some_o call_v they_o sea-beetle_n and_o sea-spider_n whereof_o the_o bay_n of_o that_o sea_n be_v so_o cover_v that_o they_o seem_v black_a with_o they_o of_o which_o sometime_o his_o fin_n hang_v full_a which_o afterward_o he_o suck_v in_o these_o he_o pursue_v continual_o for_o they_o have_v both_o find_v the_o crab_n themselves_o and_o also_o sometime_o great_a quantity_n in_o some_o a_o bushel_n of_o those_o little_a stone_n call_v oculi-cancrorum_a in_o his_o stomach_n that_o they_o devour_v not_o great_a fish_n it_o be_v manifest_a because_o their_o throat_n be_v so_o very_o straight_o not_o above_o half_a a_o foot_n wide_a the_o female_a have_v her_o natural_a part_n seven_o or_o eight_o foot_n wide_a the_o young_a one_o be_v big_a than_o a_o hogshead_n when_o first_o bring_v forth_o and_o the_o male_n be_v equal_v to_o a_o little_a pillar_n seven_o or_o eight_o foot_n long_o she_o bring_v forth_o her_o foetus_fw-la alive_a and_o nourish_v it_o with_o milk_n which_o be_v white_a and_o sweet_a but_o taste_v somewhat_o fishy_a her_o teat_n two_o in_o number_n be_v as_o it_o be_v sheathe_v in_o her_o breast_n that_o they_o appear_v not_o till_o the_o young_a one_o come_v to_o suck_v their_o skin_n the_o ancient_n use_v instead_o of_o rope_n as_o also_o for_o cover_v their_o house_n and_o defence_n against_o the_o cold_a under_o the_o skin_n be_v that_o they_o call_v the_o blubber_v or_o adeps_fw-la out_o of_o which_o be_v cut_v into_o thin_a slice_n and_o put_v into_o hot_a copper_n the_o oil_n be_v melt_v the_o flesh_n be_v throw_v away_o the_o rib_n be_v employ_v to_o make_v the_o house_n of_o the_o lap_n fin_n samoieds_n and_o the_o like_a the_o other_o bone_n they_o burn_v the_o tail_n serve_v for_o a_o chap_a block_n whereupon_o to_o cut_v their_o blubber_a for_o the_o manner_n of_o catch_v and_o order_v the_o whale_n whalefishing_a whalefishing_a it_o be_v this_o when_o they_o have_v discover_v he_o which_o be_v by_o his_o spout_a water_n which_o they_o can_v discern_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n though_o where_o they_o see_v plenty_n of_o those_o small_a crab_n they_o have_v good_a hope_n of_o find_v the_o whale_n seldom_o few_o than_o two_o shallop_n well_o mane_v make_v towards_o he_o and_o row_v to_o he_o so_o near_o that_o the_o harponer_n have_v opportunity_n to_o lance_n out_o his_o harpingiron_n which_o he_o do_v with_o all_o his_o force_n but_o strike_v not_o at_o adventure_n for_o some_o part_n of_o he_o his_o head_n particular_o be_v not_o vulnerable_a but_o either_o upon_o a_o soft_a piece_n of_o flesh_n which_o he_o have_v near_o his_o spout_n or_o under_o a_o fin._n the_o beast_n as_o soon_o as_o wound_v haste_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o still_o give_v he_o more_o rope_n whereof_o one_o end_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o harpingiron_n than_o they_o diligent_o watch_v his_o rise_n again_o when_o with_o their_o lance_n they_o wound_v he_o in_o the_o belly_n and_o such_o place_n as_o be_v soft_a and_o deep_a as_o they_o can_v take_v heed_n always_o that_o he_o strike_v not_o they_o or_o their_o boat_n with_o his_o tail_n when_o they_o see_v he_o spout_v up_o blood_n they_o know_v he_o draw_v towards_o his_o death_n and_o that_o short_o after_o he_o turn_v up_o his_o white_a belly_n which_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o spy_v they_o hale_v he_o close_o to_o the_o ship_n and_o with_o great_a knife_n slice_v his_o side_n raise_v the_o blubber_a from_o the_o flesh_n which_o they_o do_v by_o fix_v in_o it_o strong_a iron_n hook_n make_v fast_o to_o a_o ship_n rope_n which_o by_o a_o pulley_n they_o lift_v up_o still_o as_o they_o cut_v and_o loosen_v the_o blubber_a many_o of_o these_o great_a flake_n they_o put_v upon_o a_o rope_n and_o so_o drag_v they_o to_o the_o shore_n where_o they_o be_v heave_v up_o by_o a_o crane_n and_o lay_v upon_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o fish_n chop_v into_o small_a piece_n afterward_o slice_v thin_a like_o trencher_n so_o put_v into_o the_o cauldron_n or_o copper_n which_o become_v brown_a with_o the_o fire_n be_v call_v fritture_n be_v take_v out_o and_o cast_v away_o as_o have_v yield_v their_o oil_n the_o liquor_n than_o be_v jade_v out_o into_o a_o boat_n half_n full_a of_o water_n both_o to_o cool_v and_o cleanse_v it_o by_o suffer_v all_o the_o filth_n to_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o thence_o by_o long_a trough_n that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o cool_v convey_v into_o the_o hogshead_n or_o other_o like_a vessel_n whale-bone_n the_o whale-bone_n the_o head_n which_o be_v at_o least_o one_o three_o of_o the_o whole_a fish_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o tug_v as_o near_o the_o shore_n as_o they_o can_v bring_v it_o than_o hoist_a up_o by_o a_o crane_n and_o the_o fin_n bronchiae_n pinnae_fw-la or_o whatever_o you_o please_v to_o call_v they_o their_o substance_n be_v like_a horn_n but_o we_o call_v they_o whale-bone_n be_v cut_v out_o dressed_z and_o bind_v up_o by_o fifty_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o head_n which_o yield_v oil_n cut_v as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n the_o tongue_n particular_o which_o be_v very_o great_a of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o woolsack_n be_v also_o fasten_v at_o both_o end_n and_o lift_v up_o only_o in_o the_o midst_n with_o which_o he_o spout_v up_o the_o water_n and_o about_o eight_o tun_n weight_n veild_v from_o six_o to_o eleven_o hogshead_n one_o housson_n a_o diep-man_n in_o 1634_o get_v twenty_o six_o hogshead_n cados_fw-la out_o of_o one_o tongue_n and_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o one_o whale_n the_o whale_n have_v many_o enemy_n enemy_n the_o whale_n enemy_n 1._o a_o kind_n of_o louse_n or_o insect_n that_o eat_v through_o his_o skin_n to_o devour_v the_o fat_a he_o have_v on_o
of_o his_o subject_n and_o have_v person_n send_v to_o instruct_v and_o govern_v they_o according_a to_o those_o excellent_a rule_n which_o themselves_o there_o see_v which_o thing_n be_v according_o grant_v and_o governor_n send_v and_o castle_n and_o town_n order_v to_o be_v build_v and_o the_o people_n to_o be_v instruct_v as_o they_o still_o continue_v to_o do_v moscoviae_n pars_fw-la australis_n isaaco_n massa_n the_o several_a province_n of_o russia_n the_o first_o province_n of_o russia_n towards_o the_o north-east_n be_v obdoria_n situate_v betwixt_o ob_fw-la and_o pechora_n or_o petzora_n rivers_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o a_o large_a country_n but_o thin_o inhabit_v which_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v in_o our_o map_n call_v samoiedia_n more_o frequent_o than_o obdoria_n as_o if_o it_o be_v only_o the_o country_n of_o the_o samoieds_fw-fr concern_v the_o great_a river_n ob_fw-la or_o oby_n we_o have_v but_o little_a of_o certainty_n for_o i_o can_v find_v that_o any_o of_o our_o merchant_n have_v be_v there_o a_o english_a factor_n before_o ann_n 1600_o employ_v one_o englishman_n with_o other_o his_o servant_n to_o discover_v the_o way_n unto_o and_o the_o trade_n of_o it_o by_o land_n but_o they_o be_v imprison_v by_o order_n of_o the_o russ-governor_n who_o seem_v unwilling_a that_o any_o one_o shall_v understand_v that_o profit_n but_o themselves_o some_o conceive_v that_o these_o people_n be_v mention_v in_o curtius_n and_o other_o ancient_a author_n by_o the_o name_n of_o scythae_n abii_n from_o the_o river_n aby_n or_o oby_n but_o it_o be_v uncertain_a the_o river_n itself_o be_v say_v to_o arise_v from_o a_o lake_n call_v cataisko_n as_o if_o the_o catayan_o who_o most_o man_n conceive_v to_o be_v the_o chinese_n live_v upon_o or_o near_o it_o it_o be_v say_v also_o that_o it_o receive_v many_o great_a river_n whereof_o we_o know_v little_a beside_o the_o name_n that_o it_o be_v navigable_a two_o hundred_o league_n from_o the_o sea_n that_o it_o disembogue_n into_o the_o sea_n beyond_o the_o strait_n of_o waygat_n that_o the_o mouth_n be_v eighty_o verst_n or_o italian_a mile_n broad_a yet_o many_o shallows_o and_o flat_n in_o it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v plentiful_o store_v with_o fish_n the_o samoieds_n seem_v to_o say_v that_o a_o english_a ship_n do_v many_o year_n ago_o arrive_v there_o but_o be_v there_o wrack_v the_o man_n be_v all_o kill_v by_o the_o samoieds_fw-fr betwixt_o oby_n and_o petzora_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o very_a large_a country_n like_o a_o promontory_n run_v very_o far_o into_o the_o north_n or_o freeze_a ocean_n in_o which_o as_o i_o say_v be_v the_o province_n of_o obdora_n and_o condora_n how_o separate_v we_o know_v not_o nor_o any_o thing_n else_o of_o they_o more_o than_o that_o they_o receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n in_o 1618._o and_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o grand_a tzar_n before_o ivan_n vasilowich_n from_o medemskoy_n zavorot_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o pechora_n to_o ob_fw-la be_v sixteen_o day_n sail_v with_o a_o good_a wind_n six_o day_n to_o breit-vinnose_a in_o the_o strait_n of_o waygat_n leave_v the_o rock_n sacolia_fw-la lowdia_fw-la on_o the_o starboard-side_n waygat_n be_v at_o first_o mention_v by_o steph._n burrough_n but_o not_o know_v whether_o to_o be_v a_o distinct_a island_n or_o part_n of_o nova_n zembla_n and_o in_o some_o of_o our_o late_a map_n it_o be_v quite_o omit_v and_o instead_o of_o it_o be_v put_v fretum_n nassauvianum_n according_a to_o the_o fancy_n of_o our_o neighbour_n the_o inhabitant_n they_o say_v be_v samoieds_n very_o barbarous_a men-eater_n etc._n etc._n over_o against_o these_o strait_n a_o new_a map_n print_v at_o nurenburgh_n this_o year_n 1679_o in_o the_o continent_n where_o we_o conceive_v obdora_n and_o condora_n have_v place_v by_o what_o authority_n and_o whether_o with_o the_o good_a like_n of_o the_o grand_a tzar_n let_v they_o consider_v who_o be_v concern_v new_a walckeren_n new_a holland_n and_o new_a west-frieseland_a beside_o divers_a other_o name_n of_o the_o low_a country_n i_o suppose_v it_o proceed_v only_o from_o a_o itch_n they_o have_v of_o attribute_v all_o discovery_n to_o and_o give_v name_n by_o themselves_o the_o bay_n of_o petzora_n be_v call_v yongorsky-shar_a and_o there_o fall_v in_o divers_a great_a river_n as_o cara-reca_a or_o the_o black_a river_n moetnaia-reca_a the_o muddy_a river_n zolena-reca_a the_o green_a river_n betwixt_o it_o and_o ob._n petzora_n also_o be_v name_v both_o in_o the_o grand_a tzars_n title_n and_o by_o author_n also_o as_o a_o province_n petzora_n petzora_n which_o they_o say_v be_v bound_v by_o the_o river_n of_o that_o name_n and_o the_o great_a mountain_n call_v ziemni-poias_a or_o cingulum_n mundi_fw-la in_o 1611_o a_o ship_n be_v send_v to_o settle_v a_o factory_a at_o pechora_n they_o find_v the_o bar_n very_o shallow_a nine_o or_o ten_o foot_n water_n afterward_o they_o come_v into_o the_o suchoi-more_a or_o dry_a sea_n because_o of_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o water_n the_o inhabitant_n say_v that_o pechora_n flow_v into_o the_o sea_n with_o seventy-two_a mouth_n other_o say_v six_o only_a the_o channel_n that_o trend_v south-west_n be_v the_o deep_a and_o best_a the_o town_n be_v call_v pustozera_n because_o on_o a_o lake_n which_o the_o russes_z call_v osera_n and_o it_o lie_v in_o 68_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n of_o latitude_n in_o the_o town_n be_v three_o church_n and_o the_o people_n poor_a speak_v a_o language_n of_o their_o own_o and_o be_v christian_n ever_o since_o 1518_o they_o live_v chief_o upon_o the_o goose_n and_o other_o fowl_n which_o they_o catch_v in_o the_o spring_n and_o summer_n who_o feather_n they_o sell_v to_o merchant_n and_o the_o flesh_n they_o powder_n and_o dry_v for_o winter_n the_o river_n be_v plentiful_o store_v with_o fish_n especial_o salmon_n whereof_o in_o one_o year_n they_o take_v above_o fifteen_o thousand_o which_o they_o salt_n sell_v and_o convey_v to_o mezen_n by_o land_n they_o live_v common_o upon_o fresh_a fish_n boil_v and_o dry_v hither_o use_v to_o come_v every_o year_n two_o thousand_o samoieds_n with_o their_o commodity_n the_o pechora_n run_v through_o great_a permia_n and_o the_o head_n of_o it_o be_v five_o week_n journey_n above_o pustozera_n divers_a great_a river_n fall_v into_o it_o as_o shapkina_n nougorotka_n habeaga_n and_o ouse_n of_o which_o beside_o the_o name_n we_o know_v nothing_o east_n of_o the_o pechora_n lie_v the_o promontory_n of_o borandey_n scarce_o mention_v in_o any_o author_n the_o chief_a town_n whereof_o be_v vetzora_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v original_o samoieds_n but_o somewhat_o civilise_v by_o the_o muscovite_n three_o day_n journey_n above_o pustozera_n lie_v upon_o the_o same_o river_n oustzilma_a a_o town_n of_o about_o threescore_o house_n in_o 66_o deg_fw-la and_o 30_o min._n where_o they_o have_v ry_z and_o barley_n grow_v very_o good_a and_o where_o be_v a_o very_a good_a trade_n for_o fur_n siberia_n call_v by_o the_o russes_z sibior_fw-la siberia_n siberia_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n though_o more_o south_n than_o obdoria_n and_o petzora_n from_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v by_o those_o high_a and_o terrible_a mountain_n call_v ziemni-poias_a which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a wind_n to_o which_o they_o be_v expose_v and_o continual_a snow_n be_v very_o barren_a and_o hardly_o passable_a in_o many_o place_n here_o and_o there_o be_v tree_n some_o say_v cedar_n and_o about_o they_o the_o black_a sables_n and_o the_o best_a white_a falcon_n herberstein_n report_v that_o there_o be_v some_o person_n that_o after_o seventeen_o day_n travel_v to_o go_v over_o they_o return_v back_o as_o think_v they_o unpassable_a they_o be_v heretofore_o all_o samoieds_fw-fr and_o in_o bar._n herbersteins_n time_n have_v neither_o castle_n nor_o city_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n cama_fw-la out_o out_o of_o it_o arise_v the_o jayck_n a_o large_a river_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o plain_n of_o tartary_n enter_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o country_n be_v then_o also_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n and_o almost_o desert_a till_o they_o submit_v to_o the_o muscovite_n together_o with_o the_o other_o samoieds_fw-fr the_o country_n be_v so_o call_v from_o sibier_n or_o sibior_fw-la the_o first_o build_v city_n among_o they_o though_o tobolsca_n be_v the_o chief_a which_o be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a trade_n to_o which_o the_o teseek_n boughars_n and_o tartar_n bring_v very_o rich_a commodity_n from_o persia_n of_o all_o sort_n papinougorod_n also_o be_v a_o good_a trade_n town_n so_o call_v from_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o papini_n among_o who_o it_o be_v build_v who_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o samoieds_n and_o have_v a_o peculiar_a language_n but_o siberia_n be_v now_o for_o nothing_o more_o famous_a then_o that_o it_o be_v the_o place_n of_o banishment_n for_o such_o either_o offender_n as_o
black_a sea_n for_o fear_v of_o the_o guard_n which_o be_v always_o keep_v by_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o ancient_a ruin_n which_o they_o call_v aslan-korodick_a tawan_n be_v the_o great_a and_o easy_a passage_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o river_n not_o be_v above_o five_o hundred_o pace_n broad_a be_v all_o in_o one_o channel_n the_o last_o pass_v and_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nieper_n be_v oczacow_n where_o the_o river_n be_v three_o mile_n broad_a yet_o both_o the_o tartar_n and_o other_o pass_v it_o frequent_o in_o this_o manner_n they_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o flat-bottomed_a boat_n at_o the_o stern_a whereof_o they_o fasten_v across_o pole_n of_o a_o good_a length_n upon_o which_o they_o tie_v the_o head_n of_o their_o horse_n as_o many_o on_o the_o one_o side_n as_o the_o other_o to_o balance_v they_o they_o put_v their_o baggage_n in_o the_o boat_n and_o row_v it_o over_o and_o with_o it_o the_o horse_n the_o turk_n pass_v over_o in_o this_o manner_n forty_o thousand_o horse_n when_o the_o grand_a signior_n send_v to_o besiege_v azak_a or_o azow_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o don_n in_o the_o year_n 1643_o which_o the_o donski_n cosack_v have_v take_v from_o he_o the_o year_n before_o oucze_fw-mi sauram_fw-la or_o now_o koniecpolsky_n be_v the_o low_a habitation_n the_o polack_n have_v towards_o oczacow_n which_o be_v begin_v to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1634._o oczacow_n call_v by_o the_o turk_n dziancrimenda_n be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o turkish_a galley_n lie_v to_o keep_v the_o entrance_n into_o the_o black_a sea_n there_o be_v no_o port_n but_o good_a anchorage_n the_o castle_n be_v well_o fortify_v the_o town_n not_o so_o well_o there_o be_v in_o it_o about_o two_o thousand_o inhabitant_n below_o that_o be_v a_o platform_n with_o good_a ordnance_n to_o guard_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n about_o three_o mile_n below_o oczacow_n be_v a_o haven_n call_v berezan_n upon_o a_o river_n call_v anczakrick_n it_o be_v sufficient_o deep_a for_o galley_n southward_o of_o that_o be_v two_o lake_n jesero_n teligol_n and_o kuialik_n both_o of_o they_o so_o abundant_a in_o fish_n that_o the_o water_n have_v no_o exit_n stink_v of_o they_o yet_o they_o come_v above_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o mile_n to_o fish_n there_o bielogrod_n be_v about_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n upon_o the_o river_n niester_n ancient_o call_v tyras_n by_o the_o turk_n kierman_n this_o town_n be_v under_o the_o turk_n as_o be_v also_o killa_n well_o fortify_v with_o a_o counterscarp_n the_o castle_n be_v above_o the_o town_n upon_o the_o danow_n opposite_a to_o it_o on_o the_o other_o bank_n of_o the_o danow_n be_v kiha_n where_o be_v see_v divers_a ancient_a ruin_n betwixt_o bielogrod_n and_o killa_n be_v the_o plain_n of_o budziack_n where_o the_o rebel_n or_o banditi_n tartar_n refuge_n themselves_o who_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a either_o turk_n or_o cham_n they_o be_v always_o watch_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o poland_n to_o catch_v what_o christian_n they_o can_v and_o sell_v they_o to_o the_o turk_n of_o these_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o there_o be_v also_o many_o turkish_a village_n along_o the_o south-bank_n of_o the_o niester_n but_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o danow_n as_o also_o betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o nieper_n be_v desert_n and_o be_v inhabitate_v by_o those_o tartar_n who_o there_o pasture_v their_o flock_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o such_o also_o be_v the_o vkrain_n till_o of_o late_a that_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o cosack_n have_v render_v it_o as_o fruitful_a as_o it_o be_v before_o desert_n we_o may_v judge_n of_o it_o by_o what_o monsieur_n beauplan_n say_v that_o in_o seventeen_o year_n that_o he_o live_v in_o that_o country_n himself_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o above_o fifty_o colony_n which_o in_o a_o few_o year_n sprout_v into_o above_o a_o thousand_o village_n but_o be_v so_o late_o plant_v the_o reader_n can_v expect_v we_o shall_v have_v much_o to_o inform_v he_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o animal_n which_o be_v almost_o proper_a to_o this_o country_n they_o have_v a_o beast_n which_o they_o call_v bobac_n anim._n anim._n not_o much_o unlike_o a_o guiny-pig_n they_o make_v hole_n in_o the_o earth_n whereinto_o they_o enter_v in_o october_n and_o come_v not_o abroad_o till_o april_n within_o they_o have_v many_o little_a apartment_n dispose_v several_o their_o provision_n their_o dead_a their_o lodging_n etc._n etc._n eight_o or_o nine_o family_n live_v together_o as_o in_o a_o city_n each_o have_v his_o particular_a habitation_n they_o be_v easy_o tame_v and_o be_v very_o gamesome_a in_o a_o house_n when_o they_o go_v to_o make_v their_o provision_n they_o set_v a_o sentinel_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o spy_v any_o one_o give_v a_o signal_n by_o make_v a_o noise_n and_o they_o all_o haste_n to_o their_o cave_n many_o more_o thing_n be_v speak_v of_o these_o little_a creature_n as_o that_o they_o have_v slave_n and_o punishment_n etc._n etc._n sounaky_a a_o kind_n of_o goat_n be_v desire_v for_o his_o beautiful_a sattin-like_a fur_n and_o white_a shine_a smooth_a delicate_a horn_n he_o have_v no_o bone_n in_o his_o nose_n and_o can_v feed_v except_o he_o go_v backward_o thy_o have_v many_o wild_a horse_n but_o of_o no_o value_n only_o for_o their_o flesh_n which_o they_o sell_v in_o the_o market_n and_o think_v it_o better_o than_o beef_n or_o veal_n when_o these_o horse_n come_v to_o be_v old_a their_o hoof_n so_o straiten_v their_o foot_n be_v never_o pare_v that_o they_o can_v hardly_o go_v as_o if_o that_o beast_n be_v so_o make_v for_o man_n use_n that_o without_o his_o care_n he_o be_v unprofitable_a novissima_fw-la poloniae_fw-la regni_fw-la descriptio_fw-la nobiliss_n &_o tam_fw-la dignitate_fw-la â—…ueris_fw-la quan_fw-mi meritis_fw-la ac_fw-la patriam_fw-la honoratiis_fw-la viro_fw-la d._n no_o nicolao_n pahl_n in_fw-la celeberrimo_fw-la maris_fw-la balthici_n emporio_fw-la urbe_fw-la gedanensi_fw-la praeconsuli_n &_o vicepraesidi_fw-la bonarum_fw-la artium_fw-la patrono_fw-la ac_fw-la fautori_fw-la observantiae_fw-la ergò_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n poland_n polonia_n or_o poland_n call_v by_o the_o native_n polska_n take_v its_o name_n as_o some_o conjecture_n from_o pole_n which_o in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n here_o common_o speak_v signify_v a_o plain_a and_o champain_n country_n such_o as_o this_o kingdom_n for_o the_o most_o part_n consist_v of_o other_o suppose_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n from_o their_o first_o captain_n lechus_n or_o lachus_n be_v call_v po-lachi_a that_o be_v the_o posterity_n of_o lachus_n and_o by_o corruption_n polani_n and_o poloni_n impart_v their_o name_n to_o their_o country_n and_o in_o favour_n of_o this_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o they_o call_v themselves_o polacci_fw-la the_o italian_n polacchi_fw-la the_o russian_n greek_n and_o tartar_n call_v they_o lachi_n and_o lechitae_n the_o hungarian_n lengel_n probable_o for_o lechel_n the_o same_o with_o po-lachi_a but_o hartknoch_n find_v the_o bulanes_n place_v by_o ptolemy_n among_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o sarmatia_n and_o observe_v the_o poloni_n to_o be_v call_v bolani_n and_o bolanii_n by_o the_o german_a writer_n think_v he_o have_v make_v the_o fair_a discovery_n of_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n nevertheless_o cromerus_n affirm_v that_o the_o present_a name_n either_o of_o the_o country_n or_o people_n have_v not_o be_v in_o use_n above_o nine_o hundred_o year_n certain_o in_o the_o time_n of_o alfred_n king_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n 880_o this_o country_n be_v call_v weonodland_n and_o before_o that_o by_o the_o roman_n general_o sarmatia_n as_o be_v the_o best_a know_a part_n of_o that_o great_a country_n only_o that_o branch_n of_o poland_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o weissel_n belong_v to_o old_a germany_n and_o as_o ptolemy_n acquaint_v we_o be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o aelvaeones_n the_o luti_fw-la omanni_n longi_fw-la diduni_n and_o luti_fw-la buri_n with_o other_o german_a colony_n by_o some_o writer_n the_o same_o be_v assign_v to_o vandalia_n and_o the_o vistula_n call_v vandalus_n have_v be_v for_o a_o time_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o vandal_n the_o people_n of_o poland_n be_v the_o undoubted_a offspring_n of_o the_o slavi_n slavini_n or_o slavonian_n seat_v in_o justinian_o time_n as_o jornandes_n relate_v on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n from_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o weasel_n to_o the_o niester_n and_o thence_o extend_v themselves_o westward_o to_o the_o danube_n and_o eastward_o to_o the_o euxin_n sea_n from_o which_o part_n they_o then_o make_v inundation_n into_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o their_o first_o expedition_n they_o be_v join_v with_o the_o antae_fw-la and_o vinidae_n or_o venedi_n or_o rather_o in_o
and_o set_v up_o a_o government_n for_o himself_o in_o this_o province_n and_o helsingia_n which_o lie_v northward_o in_o suecia_n proper_o so_o call_v have_v on_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o medelpadia_n on_o the_o west_n the_o dofrine_a mountain_n on_o the_o north_n angermannia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n part_n of_o helsingia_n and_o medelpadia_n this_o province_n do_v ancient_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n though_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o olaus_n scotkonung_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v revolt_v from_o olaus_n crassus_n then_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o become_v tributary_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n in_o the_o year_n 1613_o by_o a_o peace_n conclude_v between_o the_o northern_a crown_n it_o be_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n yield_v up_o to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o a._n 1642_o repossess_v by_o the_o swede_n pontanus_n in_o his_o map_n of_o scandia_n reckon_v up_o some_o place_n of_o note_n in_o it_o viz._n alsne_n ronvere_n aus_n lidh_n hamer-dal_a vndersaker_n oviken_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o olaus_n magnus_n this_o province_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n near_o a_o small_a village_n in_o this_o country_n there_o be_v say_v messenius_n several_a large_a stone_n with_o gothick_n inscription_n which_o be_v a_o prophesy_n of_o what_o for_o the_o future_a will_v befall_v the_o scandian_o 5._o herrndalia_n herrndalia_n herrndalia_n call_v by_o pontanus_n herdalia_n and_o by_o most_o author_n reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o helsingia_n contain_v the_o territory_n of_o nomedal_n hellegeland_n frostena_n indera_fw-la heroa_fw-la with_o some_o other_o all_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o diocese_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o nidrosia_n and_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o finnic_a and_o bothnic_a bay_n and_o the_o swedish_n island_n contain_v in_o they_o the_o baltic_a sea_n sea_n the_o baltic_a sea_n so_o call_v say_v pontanus_n from_o the_o saxon_a and_o english_a word_n belt_n because_o it_o encompass_v the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o belt_n or_o girdle_n or_o as_o jornandes_n will_v have_v it_o from_o baltia_n or_o basilia_n i_o e._n queen_n of_o island_n the_o ancient_a greek_a name_n of_o scandia_n or_o scandinavia_n or_o as_o adam_n bremensis_n be_v of_o opinion_n from_o the_o wisogoth_n who_o inhabit_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o it_o usual_o call_v balt_n i_o e._n a_o stout_a and_o valiant_a people_n be_v the_o large_a of_o any_o sea_n in_o europe_n except_o the_o mediterranean_a contain_v in_o it_o five_o and_o thirty_o island_n of_o considerable_a bigness_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o lesser_a note_n the_o whole_a bay_n as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n be_v call_v by_o mela_n sinus_n codanus_n q._n gothanus_fw-la or_o gothicus_fw-la from_o gothia_n that_o border_n upon_o it_o or_o caudanus_n from_o cauda_fw-la because_o it_o come_v from_o the_o main_a ocean_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o tail_n of_o a_o beast_n by_o strabo_n the_o venedic_n bay_n from_o the_o venedae_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n who_o live_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o it_o and_o by_o the_o dane_n and_o swede_n the_o oost-zee_n because_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o eric_n eigod_n king_n of_o denmark_n the_o dane_n who_o go_v pilgrimage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n use_v to_o pass_v into_o russia_n and_o the_o eastern_a part_n by_o this_o sea_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o narrow_a place_n call_v the_o sund_n and_o interlace_v the_o country_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n germany_n and_o some_o part_n of_o poland_n extend_v itself_o to_o livonia_n and_o lithvania_n it_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o passage_n by_o which_o the_o ocean_n flow_v into_o it_o or_o because_o of_o its_o northerly_a situation_n whereby_o the_o celestial_a influence_n have_v less_o power_n over_o it_o never_o ebb_v nor_o flow_v from_o the_o several_a country_n and_o place_n that_o it_o wash_v it_o have_v diverse_a name_n give_v it_o and_o be_v distinguish_v into_o different_a bay_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v 1._o bay_n the_o bothnic_a bay_n the_o bothnic_a bay_n count_v from_o the_o island_n alandia_n northward_o to_o the_o river_n kimi_n which_o fall_v into_o it_o at_o the_o very_o further_a cape_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o both_o signify_v in_o the_o swedish_n language_n a_o fenny_a country_n or_o a_o land_n overflow_v with_o water_n 2._o bay_n the_o finnic_a bay_n the_o finnic_a bay_n so_o call_v from_o the_o principality_n of_o finland_n which_o it_o water_n some_o will_v have_v the_o sinus_n venedicus_n of_o strabo_n and_o the_o mare_n amalchium_n of_o pliny_n particular_o to_o denote_v this_o bay_n the_o swedish_n island_n in_o this_o sea_n concern_v those_o that_o be_v under_o the_o danish_a power_n see_v denmark_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o most_o southerly_a first_o be_v 1._o rugen_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o pomeren_n give_v to_o the_o swede_n by_o the_o great_a treaty_n of_o peace_n at_o munster_n and_o osnaburg_n a._n d._n 1649._o of_o which_o consult_v the_o volume_n of_o germany_n 2._o bornholm_n be_v situate_a more_o northward_o than_o rugen_n and_o lie_v opposite_a to_o blekingia_n it_o have_v one_o city_n in_o it_o name_v santwyk_n and_o thirty-two_a small_a village_n this_o island_n be_v by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n hold_v at_o copenhagen_n a._n d._n 1660_o give_v up_o to_o the_o dane_n under_o certain_a condition_n of_o which_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o denmark_n 3._o huena_n or_o hueen_n a_o very_a small_a island_n in_o the_o oresundic_n bay_n famous_a for_o the_o city_n vraniburg_n build_v by_o that_o excellent_a mathematician_n tycho_n brahe_n where_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v 55_o deg_fw-la 54_o min._n this_o isle_n be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o forementioned_a peace_n conclude_v betwixt_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n a._n d._n 1660._o 4._o vtklippa_n 5._o vtlengia_n both_o lie_v over_o against_o blekingia_n 6._o oelandia_n a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a island_n in_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o best_a breed_n of_o horse_n that_o be_v in_o all_o the_o swedish_n dominion_n this_o island_n a._n d._n 1526_o be_v take_v by_o christiern_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o short_o after_o regain_v by_o gustavus_n i._o king_n of_o sweden_n a._n d._n 1613_o it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n and_o ever_o since_o retain_v by_o the_o swede_n see_v more_o concern_v it_o among_o the_o province_n of_o gothia_n 7._o gotland_n lie_v over_o against_o ostrogothia_a in_o length_n seventy-two_a mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n twenty_o for_o a_o long_a time_n almost_o tear_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o continual_a arm_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n till_o 1648_o by_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o christina_n queen_n of_o swedeland_n and_o christiern_n iv_o of_o denmark_n it_o with_o the_o city_n wisbuy_n of_o which_o see_v among_o the_o gothic_a province_n be_v whole_o yield_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o they_o as_o a_o perpetual_a possession_n 8._o oselia_n call_v by_o pliny_n oserica_n opposite_a to_o liefland_n and_o reckon_v by_o some_o as_o a_o district_n of_o esthonia_n fifty-six_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o twenty-eight_a in_o breadth_n in_o it_o be_v the_o city_n arnsburg_n fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n 9_o daghoe_n dachden_n or_o dagheroort_n part_v from_o oselia_n by_o a_o very_a narrow_a bay_n 10._o alandia_n lie_v in_o the_o middle_a sea_n betwixt_o it_o and_o upland_n reckon_v by_o some_o as_o a_o part_n of_o finland_n in_o it_o be_v the_o fort_n castleholm_n 11._o hogland_n in_o the_o finnic_a bay_n with_o severalother_n of_o less_o note_n and_o importance_n regni_fw-la daniae_fw-la accuratissima_fw-la delineato_fw-la nobilissimo_fw-la amplissimo_fw-la consultissimoque_fw-la viro_fw-la d._n gerardo_n schaep_v i._n v._o d._n inclyti_fw-la et_fw-la celeberrimi_fw-la ansterodamensium_fw-la emporii_fw-la consuli_fw-la ac_fw-la senatori_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la serenissimos_fw-la sveciae_fw-la daniaque_fw-la reges_fw-la legato_n dignissimo_fw-la fidelissimo_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n denmark_n saxo_n grammaticus_n deduce_v the_o name_n of_o denmark_n danmark_n or_o dania_n from_o dan_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o son_n of_o humblus_n a_o prince_n of_o these_o part_n many_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o our_o saviour_n this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a tradition_n among_o the_o dane_n and_o be_v confirm_v by_o one_o of_o the_o old_a chronicle_n of_o their_o king_n publish_v by_o wormius_n out_o of_o a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o the_o scanian_a law_n write_v in_o runick_a character_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o which_o we_o read_v dan_o heet_n den_fw-mi force_v cunung_a i_o danmurk_n der_fw-mi var_fw-mi fore_fw-la christus_fw-la borth_z of_o hannom_n call_v be_v danmurk_n i._n e._n the_o first_o
same_o person_n go_v again_o arrive_v there_o july_n 2_o they_o go_v on_o shore_n and_o july_n 6_o slay_v abundance_n of_o morss_n and_o not_o only_o with_o shot_n as_o they_o do_v the_o year_n before_o but_o with_o lance_n dextrous_o use_v direct_v they_o to_o certain_a place_n of_o their_o body_n they_o begin_v also_o to_o boil_v their_o blubber_v and_o make_v 11_o tun_n of_o oil_n 5_o of_o their_o belly_n will_v yield_v one_o hogshead_n and_o abundance_n of_o tooth_n here_o also_o they_o find_v a_o lead-mine_a under_o mount-misery_n and_o bring_v away_o about_o 30_o tun_n of_o the_o oar._n in_o 1606_o the_o same_o ship_n with_o the_o same_o person_n be_v send_v again_o and_o land_v july_n 3_o in_o 74_o deg_fw-la 55_o min._n where_o they_o stay_v till_o the_o ice_n be_v all_o clear_v for_o the_o morss_n will_v not_o come_v to_o shore_n till_o the_o ice_n be_v all_o vanish_v where_o at_o one_o time_n in_o six_o hour_n they_o slay_v betwixt_o 7_o and_o 800_o morss_n and_o 2_o great_a bear_n they_o make_v 22_o tun_n of_o oil_n and_o 3_o hogshead_n of_o tooth_n in_o 1608_o june_n 21_o be_v so_o hot_a that_o the_o melt_a pitch_n run_v down_o the_o side_n of_o their_o ship_n in_o 7_o hour_n time_n they_o slay_v above_o 900_o morss_n make_v 31_o tun_n of_o oil_n and_o above_o 2_o hogshead_n of_o tooth_n beside_o 40_o more_o they_o take_v alive_a into_o their_o ship_n 2_o young_a morss_n a_o male_a and_o female_a the_o female_a die_v the_o male_a live_v 10_o week_n in_o england_n where_o they_o teach_v it_o many_o thing_n in_o 1610_o at_o another_o voyage_n with_o two_o ship_n they_o kill_v many_o bear_n and_o see_v divers_a young_a one_o no_o big_a than_o young_a lamb_n very_o gamesome_a and_o lusty_a they_o bring_v two_o of_o they_o into_o england_n much_o fowl_n also_o they_o slay_v and_o many_o seal_n and_o june_n 15_o set_v up_o a_o ensign_n in_o token_n of_o possession_n of_o the_o island_n for_o the_o muscovia_n company_n in_o gull-island_n they_o find_v three_o lead-mine_n and_o a_o coal-mine_a on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o island_n three_o ship_n more_o also_o come_v to_o fish_n at_o cherry-island_n they_o kill_v 500_o morss_n at_o one_o time_n at_o other_o time_n near_o 300_o more_o one_o man_n kill_v forty_o with_o his_o lance_n at_o one_o day_n hunt_v the_o morss_n walrush_n horse-whale_n rosmarus_n morss_n morss_n or_o sea-horse_n for_o so_o he_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_n often_o call_v though_o of_o late_o they_o have_v discover_v another_o fish_n not_o unlike_o he_o with_o straight_a tooth_n which_o they_o call_v the_o sea-horse_n have_v a_o skin_n like_o a_o sea-calf_n with_o short_a and_o sad_a yellow_a fur_n a_o mouth_n like_o a_o lion_n if_o any_o hardly_o discernible_a ear_n yet_o they_o hear_v well_o and_o be_v fright_v with_o noise_n which_o also_o be_v say_v of_o the_o whale_n that_o he_o be_v drive_v away_o with_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o trumpet_n large_a breast_n short_a thigh_n four_o foot_n and_o upon_o each_o foot_n 5_o toe_n with_o short_a sharp_a nail_n with_o which_o they_o climb_v the_o ice_n and_o as_o large_a as_o a_o great_a ox_n have_v a_o great_a semicircular_a tusk_n grow_v on_o each_o side_n of_o their_o upper_a jaw_n which_o be_v very_o much_o value_v especial_o by_o the_o northern_a people_n partly_o for_o their_o use_n in_o medicine_n as_o to_o make_v cramprings_a which_o they_o make_v also_o of_o the_o bristle_n upon_o his_o cheek_n to_o resist_v poison_n and_o other_o malignant_a disease_n wherein_o they_o be_v at_o least_o equal_a to_o that_o call_v the_o unicorns-horn_n but_o more_o for_o their_o beauty_n which_o be_v equal_a to_o if_o not_o surpass_v ivory_n the_o heaviness_n of_o it_o make_v it_o much_o seek_v after_o for_o handle_n of_o sword_n their_o skin_n be_v dress_v be_v thick_a than_o two_o ox-hides_a yet_o light_a and_o excellent_a to_o make_v target_n against_o dart_n and_o arrow_n of_o the_o savage_n they_o feed_v upon_o fish_n and_o herb_n and_o sleep_v if_o there_o be_v ice_n upon_o that_o where_o if_o surprise_v the_o female_a cast_v her_o young_a one_o of_o which_o she_o have_v common_o two_o at_o a_o time_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o herself_o after_o they_o swim_v away_o with_o they_o in_o her_o arm_n and_o if_o provoke_v after_o she_o have_v secure_v they_o return_v many_o time_n to_o set_v upon_o the_o boat_n into_o which_o if_o she_o can_v fasten_v her_o tooth_n she_o will_v easy_o sink_v it_o but_o if_o they_o be_v far_o from_o the_o water_n they_o all_o rise_v up_o together_o and_o with_o their_o weight_n and_o force_n fall_v upon_o the_o ice_n endeavour_v to_o break_v it_o as_o they_o do_v when_o surprise_v by_o ionas_n pool_n in_o 1610_o where_o himself_o and_o divers_a of_o his_o man_n escape_v drown_v very_o narrow_o one_o of_o they_o be_v in_o the_o sea_n the_o morss_n set_v upon_o he_o with_o their_o tooth_n but_o with_o very_o great_a labour_n and_o hazard_v of_o his_o company_n he_o escape_v death_n though_o sore_o wound_v frequent_o also_o they_o sleep_v on_o the_o shore_n and_o if_o they_o have_v convenience_n upon_o a_o high_a and_o steep_a place_n they_o always_o go_v in_o great_a company_n and_o set_v one_o to_o keep_v watch_n which_o if_o surprise_v a_o sleep_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o kill_v all_o the_o rest_n but_o if_o he_o give_v warning_n by_o grunt_v they_o clap_v their_o hinder_a foot_n under_o their_o two_o tusk_n and_o so_o roll_v into_o the_o sea_n but_o if_o they_o be_v catch_v on_o plain_a ground_n yet_o be_v they_o hardly_o slay_v be_v both_o strong_a and_o fierce_a and_o all_o haste_v one_o way_n to_o the_o water_n the_o dutch_a at_o first_o be_v very_o much_o trouble_v to_o kill_v they_o their_o shot_n the_o beast_n value_v not_o much_o their_o hatchet_n and_o half-pike_n will_v not_o pierce_v they_o nor_o do_v they_o think_v they_o can_v be_v kill_v except_o strike_v with_o great_a force_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o forehead_n the_o first_o time_n they_o set_v upon_o they_o of_o 200_o they_o can_v not_o kill_v one_o but_o go_v for_o their_o ordinance_n to_o shoot_v they_o our_o man_n after_o a_o little_a experience_n find_v the_o way_n to_o dispatch_v they_o with_o javelin_n as_o be_v before_o rehearse_v some_o imagine_v this_o to_o be_v john-mayens-island_n but_o it_o seem_v rather_o that_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o northmost_a point_n of_o that_o be_v in_o 71_o d._n 23_o m._n whereas_o this_o be_v 74_o d._n 55_o m._n except_o the_o dutch_a be_v not_o so_o accurate_a in_o their_o observation_n and_o calculation_n as_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v which_o i_o much_o suspect_v v._o nova-zembla_n beside_o cherry-island_n be_v round_o not_o frequent_v with_o whale_n but_o morss_n our_o man_n also_o have_v travel_v it_o on_o foot_n from_o north_n to_o south_n which_o on_o mayens-island_n can_v be_v do_v and_o though_o they_o tell_v many_o particular_n of_o the_o place_n yet_o they_o never_o mention_v the_o great_a beerenberg_a hope-island_n indeed_o be_v a_o long_a island_n lie_v much_o what_o as_o they_o say_v of_o mayens_n and_o have_v be_v visit_v by_o the_o whale-fisher_n but_o it_o be_v more_o north_n than_o they_o place_v their_o island_n the_o itch_n of_o ascribe_v discovery_n to_o themselves_o have_v bring_v as_o i_o fear_v confusion_n both_o in_o this_o and_o many_o other_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n john_n mayens-island_n john_n mayens-island_n so_o call_v from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o first_o discoverer_n as_o the_o dutch_a pretend_v seem_v by_o the_o english_a to_o be_v call_v hope-island_n or_o if_o not_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o english_a have_v be_v upon_o it_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v of_o any_o great_a consequence_n all_o that_o be_v speak_v of_o it_o be_v that_o it_o extend_v in_o length_n from_o south-west_n to_o north-east_n the_o far_a it_o shoot_v out_o in_o length_n the_o more_o contract_v and_o narrow_a it_o grow_v in_o breadth_n so_o that_o in_o the_o middle_a the_o distance_n be_v very_o small_a between_o both_o sh_n before_o the_o whalefishing_a be_v remove_v to_o greenland_n in_o the_o summer_n time_n this_o island_n be_v much_o frequent_v by_o the_o seaman_n who_o trade_n invite_v thither_o and_o the_o island_n be_v well_o know_v to_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a adventurer_n of_o europe_n but_o since_o the_o whale_n have_v desert_v those_o shore_n and_o have_v remove_v their_o sea-quarter_n far_o to_o the_o north_n the_o seaman_n and_o fisherman_n have_v be_v force_v to_o follow_v their_o prey_n to_o greenland_n for_o it_o seem_v the_o whale_n either_o weary_a of_o the_o place_n or_o sensible_a of_o their_o own_o danger_n do_v often_o change_v their_o harbour_n in_o the_o spring_n time_n the_o western_a side_n of_o the_o
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of_o their_o limit_n though_o the_o common_a opinion_n be_v that_o japhet_n son_n inhabit_v the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n we_o must_v therefore_o omit_v this_o division_n for_o want_v of_o evidence_n and_o content_v ourselves_o with_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_n divide_v the_o then_o know_a world_n into_o europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n the_o modern_a discoverer_n have_v add_v america_n world_n the_o ancient_a division_n of_o the_o world_n now_o when_o this_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n be_v first_o institute_v as_o also_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o and_o of_o the_o imposition_n of_o the_o name_n be_v to_o we_o utter_o unknown_a that_o it_o be_v very_o ancient_a appear_v by_o herodotus_n the_o first_o credible_a historian_n that_o we_o have_v of_o the_o heathen_n and_o from_o what_o he_o say_v in_o his_o four_o book_n
suedes_o at_o the_o treaty_n 1616_o of_o stolbow_n the_o grand_a tzar_n quit_v the_o title_n of_o this_o country_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n vodska_n or_o votska_n thirty_o league_n north_n of_o novogorod_n vodska_n vodska_n upon_o its_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o strong_a castle_n of_o ivanogorod_n surrender_v to_o the_o swede_n by_o the_o same_o treaty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o town_n jamagrod_v and_o augdow_n and_o the_o castle_n coporia_n noteburg_n and_o kexholm_n they_o say_v that_o all_o the_o beast_n that_o be_v bring_v into_o this_o province_n turn_v white_a the_o inhabitant_n have_v a_o language_n proper_a to_o themselves_o woskopitin_n be_v by_o some_o author_n place_v between_o kexholm_n and_o noteburg_n woskopitin_n woskopitin_n a_o large_a and_o fruitful_a province_n both_o for_o corn_n and_o cattle_n but_o so_o pester_v with_o lake_n and_o marsh_n that_o it_o be_v very_o little_o frequent_v and_o the_o name_n scarce_o know_v bieleiezioro_n bieleiozioro_n bieleiozioro_n situate_v upon_o a_o lake_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o signification_n i.e._n the_o white_a lake_n which_o lake_n be_v thirteen_o league_n long_o and_o as_o many_o broad_a and_o furnish_v only_o one_o river_n call_v sosna_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o wolga_n in_o this_o lake_n be_v a_o castle_n both_o for_o natural_a and_o artisicial_a strength_n account_v impregnable_a whither_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n the_o prince_n have_v send_v their_o treasure_n and_o themselves_o also_o retire_v the_o whole_a province_n be_v full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n that_o except_o when_o they_o be_v hard_o freeze_v it_o be_v not_o easy_o passable_a near_o this_o lake_n be_v another_o small_a lake_n that_o produce_v sulphur_n i_o rather_o suppose_v naphtha_n or_o petroleum_n swim_v like_o froth_n or_o oil_n upon_o the_o water_n this_o be_v say_v to_o be_v first_o possess_v by_o sinaus_n varegus_n who_o brother_n truvor_v settle_v in_o pskouvia_n and_o runiz_n in_o novogardia_n these_o three_o be_v by_o the_o russes_z look_v upon_o as_o the_o founder_n of_o their_o nation_n vologda_n be_v the_o only_a city_n in_o all_o the_o grand_a tzars_n dominion_n that_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o stone-wall_n vologda_fw-la vologda_fw-la and_o for_o its_o strength_n the_o emperor_n be_v wont_a in_o time_n of_o danger_n to_o secure_v here_o part_n of_o his_o treasure_n it_o be_v as_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o westerly_a and_o northerly_a province_n much_o encumber_a with_o wood_n and_o marsh_n many_o of_o which_o be_v except_o in_o winter_n utter_o unpassable_a it_o be_v situate_v upon_o the_o river_n waga_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o dwina_n and_o it_o together_o with_o all_o the_o province_n mention_v since_o dwina_n belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o novogorod_n novogorod_n call_v weliki_n or_o the_o great_a novogorod_n novogorod_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o of_o that_o name_n the_o dutch_a call_v it_o nieugarten_n in_o 58_o deg_fw-la 23_o min._n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n volgda_n not_o volga_n or_o volchou_n famous_a for_o its_o bremes_n a_o little_a below_o the_o lake_n ilmin_n whilst_o it_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o prince_n it_o be_v in_o so_o great_a power_n fame_n and_o wealth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vast_a commerce_n of_o several_a nation_n there_o establish_v that_o it_o be_v proverbial_o speak_v who_o can_v do_v any_o thing_n against_o god_n and_o great_a novogorod_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o trade_n be_v the_o convenience_n of_o the_o river_n which_o be_v navigable_a from_o the_o very_a spring_n and_o the_o country_n abound_v in_o wheat_n flax_n hemp_n honey_n wax_n and_o leather_n which_o be_v better_o dress_v here_o than_o in_o any_o other_o place_n invite_v hither_o so_o many_o merchant_n from_o all_o the_o northern_a country_n and_o those_o upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n that_o it_o be_v the_o great_a city_n of_o all_o the_o north_n for_o trade_n and_o wealth_n the_o first_o diminution_n of_o it_o be_v from_o vitold_a duke_n of_o lithvania_n who_o 1427_o oblige_a the_o city_n to_o compound_v for_o their_o peace_n at_o a_o great_a rate_n but_o ivan_n vasili_n grotsdin_n 1477_o force_v they_o to_o receive_v a_o governor_n from_o he_o but_o that_o not_o satisfy_v of_o he_o he_o go_v thither_o in_o person_n pretend_v i_o know_v not_o what_o devotion_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o bishop_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o city_n with_o his_o army_n he_o pillage_v it_o carrying_z away_o three_o hundred_o cart_n load_v with_o jewel_n gold_n and_o silver_n beside_o many_o more_o fill_v with_o rich_a stuff_n and_o sumptuous_a moveable_n all_o which_o he_o send_v to_o moscow_n and_o transport_v many_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n into_o other_o place_n and_o send_v muscovite_n to_o inhabit_v in_o their_o stead_n but_o their_o great_a calamity_n be_v from_o ivan_n vasilowich_n in_o 1569_o who_o upon_o a_o suspicion_n of_o their_o endeavour_v to_o revolt_v come_v hither_o with_o his_o army_n slay_v drown_v and_o trample_v to_o death_n a_o vast_a number_n of_o people_n present_o after_o this_o follow_v a_o great_a plague_n which_o bring_v so_o great_a a_o famine_n that_o they_o eat_v one_o another_o the_o tzar_n on_o this_o occasion_n pretend_v to_o punish_v their_o inhumanity_n cut_v to_o piece_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o remain_a inhabitant_n his_o barbarous_a cruelty_n here_o act_v be_v not_o sit_v to_o be_v repeat_v it_o be_v in_o 1611_o take_v by_o the_o swede_n by_o storm_n but_o at_o the_o great_a treaty_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n of_o russia_n and_o sweden_n it_o be_v agree_v to_o be_v redeliver_v to_o the_o russes_z and_o in_o their_o hand_n it_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o water_n be_v a_o strong_a castle_n build_v of_o stone_n join_v to_o the_o city_n by_o a_o large_a bridge_n wherein_o live_v the_o weywod_n or_o governor_n and_o the_o metropolitan_a by_o which_o two_o all_o the_o affair_n ecclesiastical_a civil_a and_o military_a in_o all_o that_o province_n be_v govern_v the_o town_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o rampart_n of_o timber_n and_o earth_n and_o have_v a_o castle_n in_o the_o midst_n reasonable_o well_o fortify_v there_o be_v about_o a_o hundred_o monastery_n whereof_o that_o of_o st._n antony_n be_v the_o chief_a church_n and_o chapel_n which_o have_v their_o steeple_n and_o tower_n cover_v with_o copper_n gild_v the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v that_o of_o st._n sophia_n in_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o this_o city_n stara-russa_a brunitza_n sedrowa_n and_o stara-russa_a be_v brunitza_n sedrowa_n and_o stara-russa_a which_o the_o baron_n of_o herberstein_n call_v russ_n and_o say_v it_o give_v name_n to_o all_o the_o russes_z near_o that_o town_n be_v a_o salt_n river_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v form_v into_o a_o lake_n and_o with_o conduit_n draw_v the_o salt-water_n to_o their_o house_n where_o they_o boil_v the_o salt_n with_o which_o and_o other_o commodity_n they_o drive_v a_o great_a trade_n into_o polotskow_n a_o province_n of_o poland_n the_o russes_z say_v that_o near_o to_o novogorod_n be_v the_o famous_a battle_n of_o whip_n mention_v by_o justin_n l._n 2._o and_o many_o other_o author_n wherewith_o the_o master_n return_v victorious_a after_o some_o year_n war_n conquer_v their_o slave_n who_o in_o the_o long_a time_n of_o their_o absence_n have_v seize_v upon_o their_o estate_n and_o wife_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o novogorod-money_n have_v former_o on_o one_o side_n a_o horseman_n shake_v his_o whip_n bielski_n be_v a_o province_n between_o novogorod_n and_o smolensko_n bielski_n bielski_n have_v its_o principal_a city_n and_o castle_n call_v biela_n bielha_n or_o bielow_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n osca_n this_o have_v heretofore_o a_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o subject_a to_o the_o descendants_n of_o jagellan_n duke_n of_o litvania_n till_o basilius_n prince_n of_o bielski_n fall_v off_o to_o the_o grand_a tzar_n and_o agree_v to_o pay_v he_o tribute_n it_o now_o augment_v the_o number_n of_o his_o title_n as_o do_v also_o that_o of_o rischow_n rischow_n rischow_n which_o have_v also_o a_o castle_n and_o city_n of_o that_o name_n it_o have_v also_o former_o a_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o but_o now_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o russ-empire_n the_o country_n be_v full_a of_o forest_n and_o lake_n particular_o here_o be_v that_o great_a forest_n of_o wolchonisky_n wherein_o arise_v the_o volga_n the_o dnieper_n the_o dwina_n and_o the_o lowat_n all_o great_a river_n near_o to_o this_o be_v woloizk_a famous_a for_o its_o white_a hare_n and_o the_o prince_n frequent_a hunt_v there_o wyelikyeluki_n a_o large_a city_n with_o a_o good_a castle_n and_o toropyecz_n a_o large_a town_n also_o and_o a_o castle_n all_o which_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o russia_n by_o surrender_n of_o their_o proper_a lord_n it_o be_v be_v near_a to_o the_o foresay_a 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o north-west_n from_o moskow_n the_o capital_a town_n
common_o retire_v thither_o to_o hunt_v in_o the_o town_n be_v reckon_v near_o thirty_o thousand_o inhabitant_n east_n of_o this_o be_v the_o city_n and_o principality_n of_o wolodomir_n wolodomir_n wolodomir_n which_o be_v ancient_o the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o the_o russes_z till_o ivan_n or_o danislow_n build_v moskow_n and_o translate_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o empire_n thither_o more_o out_o of_o danger_n of_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o soil_n so_o fruitful_a that_o it_o render_v frequent_o thirty_o for_o one_o the_o city_n be_v the_o second_o in_o the_o empire_n for_o greatness_n and_o be_v build_v by_o wolodomir_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a founder_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o 928._o some_o say_v that_o he_o marry_v helena_n the_o daughter_n of_o niceph._n phocas_n but_o the_o chronology_n will_v hardly_o permit_v it_o east_n of_o wolodomir_n be_v the_o city_n and_o province_n of_o nisi-novogrod_a in_o dutch_a nisen_n nieugarten_n or_o little_a novogrod_n nisi-novogrod_a nisi-novogrod_a some_o call_v it_o novogrod_v the_o low_a or_o in_o the_o low_a country_n a_o country_n very_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a this_o province_n also_o be_v the_o utmost_a limit_n of_o christianity_n for_o though_o the_o grand_a tzar_n have_v some_o dominion_n east_n of_o it_o even_o as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n and_o castle_n sura_n yet_o be_v most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n there_o czremiss_a and_o mordwitz_n tartar_n and_o follow_v mahomet_n the_o city_n be_v in_o 56_o deg_fw-la 28_o min._n it_o be_v situate_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la and_o volga_n which_o be_v join_v make_v a_o river_n of_o four_o hundred_o geometrical_a foot_n broad_a it_o be_v inhabit_v by_o russes_z and_o german_n who_o have_v here_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n there_o be_v also_o a_o famous_a church_n build_v above_o six_o hundred_o year_n ago_o in_o imitation_n of_o that_o of_o st._n sophia_n in_o constantinople_n all_o provision_n be_v exceed_o cheap_a here_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o main_a rock_n with_o very_o great_a charge_n and_o trouble_v by_o the_o grand_a tzar_n vasilie_o ivanowich_n near_o to_o this_o be_v vasiligrod_n vasiligrod_n vasiligrod_n at_o 55_o deg_fw-la 51_o min._n where_o the_o sura_n fall_v into_o the_o volga_n between_o novogrod_n and_o cazan_n bezvodna_n kadniza_n rubotka_n tzetschina_fw-la targinit_n jurkin_n masa_n kremonki_n parmino_n beside_o other_o be_v large_a village_n in_o this_o province_n spessabelka_fw-mi stoba_n welikopat_fw-la tsimonskoy_n and_o dioploy_v be_v considerable_a island_n in_o the_o river_n the_o principality_n of_o casinow_n be_v also_o near_o to_o this_o casinow_n casinow_n the_o inhabitant_n speak_v the_o tartar_n language_n all_o their_o woman_n go_v with_o their_o head_n uncover_v and_o die_v the_o nail_n of_o their_o finger_n black_a wiatka_n or_o viathka_n a_o province_n city_n wiatka_n wiatka_n and_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n lie_v north_n of_o nisi-novogrod_a it_o be_v a_o barren_a marish_a country_n vasilie_o take_v it_o from_o the_o tartar_n and_o annex_v it_o to_o his_o crown_n and_o title_n yet_o the_o tartar_n still_o lurk_v and_o steal_v what_o they_o can_v about_o and_o among_o the_o russes_z in_o this_o province_n be_v the_o town_n of_o chilinova_n orlo_n cotenicz_n and_o sloboda_n among_o those_o country_n live_v the_o czremiss_n and_o mordwa-tartar_n mordwa-tartar_n czremiss_n and_o mordwa-tartar_n their_o custom_n be_v not_o much_o different_a save_v that_o the_o mordwitz_n have_v some_o few_o more_o house_n those_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o wolga_n they_o call_v nagorni_n mountainier_n those_o on_o the_o other_o lugowi_n or_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o plain_a and_o grassy_a country_n there_o be_v among_o they_o some_o mahometans_n but_o the_o great_a part_n be_v heathen_a who_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v one_o eternal_a god_n and_o evil_a angel_n also_o which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o pacify_v lest_o they_o shall_v do_v they_o harm_n and_o this_o be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o religion_n not_o far_o from_o casan_n be_v a_o river_n call_v nemda_n to_o which_o they_o go_v in_o pilgrimage_n where_o as_o also_o in_o a_o brook_n hard_o by_o the_o nemda_n call_v schokshem_n they_o think_v the_o devil_n dwell_v this_o brook_n have_v not_o above_o four_o foot_n water_n but_o never_o freeze_v whence_o they_o conceive_v such_o fancy_n that_o they_o dare_v not_o approach_v at_o too_o near_o a_o distance_n and_o then_o also_o with_o present_n lest_o the_o devil_n shall_v be_v angry_a with_o and_o kill_v they_o though_o they_o see_v the_o russes_z have_v not_o the_o least_o apprehension_n of_o any_o such_o danger_n when_o they_o sacrifice_v they_o kill_v a_o horse_n cow_n or_o sheep_n and_o hang_v the_o skin_n upon_o a_o pole_n between_o two_o tree_n they_o roast_v or_o boil_v the_o flesh_n part_n of_o which_o they_o take_v in_o one_o hand_n and_o mead_n or_o some_o other_o beverage_n in_o the_o other_o and_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o fire_n before_o the_o skin_n pray_v the_o skin_n to_o take_v care_n of_o present_v their_o prayer_n and_o request_n to_o god_n which_o be_v only_o for_o conveniency_n of_o this_o life_n they_o worship_v also_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o what_o they_o dream_v of_o in_o the_o night_n but_o have_v neither_o temple_n priest_n nor_o service_n their_o language_n be_v peculiar_a to_o themselves_o though_o be_v under_o the_o grand_a tzar_n many_o of_o they_o now_o speak_v the_o russ_n if_o a_o rich_a man_n die_v they_o kill_v his_o best_a horse_n to_o serve_v he_o in_o the_o next_o world_n but_o his_o near_a friend_n eat_v he_o polygamy_n be_v frequent_a among_o they_o but_o if_o a_o wife_n be_v without_o child_n three_o year_n they_o dismiss_v she_o and_o take_v another_o and_o often_o the_o sister_n of_o a_o former_a wife_n their_o woman_n be_v wrap_v rather_o then_o habit_v in_o white_a cloth_n which_o leave_v nothing_o of_o they_o see_v but_o their_o face_n those_o who_o be_v betroth_v have_v on_o their_o head_n a_o coif_n with_o a_o point_n half_o a_o ell_n long_o whereat_o hang_v a_o bell_n the_o man_n shave_v their_o head_n all_o of_o they_o man_n and_o woman_n be_v very_o swift_a and_o excellent_a archer_n the_o mordwitz_n have_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o governor_n or_o captain_n of_o their_o own_o but_o they_o be_v all_o subject_n to_o the_o grand_a tzar_n who_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v in_o all_o his_o war_n but_o pay_v he_o no_o tribute_n except_o what_o present_v they_o voluntary_o send_v he_o resan_n be_v situate_v betwixt_o occa_fw-la and_o don_n resan_n resan_n or_o tanais_n which_o rise_v in_o this_o country_n near_o to_o it_o be_v the_o city_n of_o colunna_n columna_fw-la or_o colon_n but_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o resan_n be_v also_o call_v resan_n upon_o the_o occa_fw-la near_o the_o isle_n of_o strub_n which_o heretofore_o be_v a_o government_n of_o itself_o this_o province_n be_v the_o most_o fruitful_a in_o all_o russia_n if_o not_o in_o the_o world_n if_o they_o romance_n not_o too_o much_o who_o say_v that_o one_o grain_n produce_v many_o stalk_n each_o stalk_n many_o ear_n that_o it_o grow_v so_o thick_a and_o strong_a that_o a_o horse_n can_v very_o difficult_o pass_v through_o it_o or_o a_o quail_n fly_v out_o of_o it_o they_o till_o every_o year_n but_o never_o manure_v their_o land_n the_o fruit_n also_o here_o be_v very_o good_a the_o people_n also_o very_o courageous_a civil_a and_o liberal_a towards_o stranger_n the_o province_n be_v able_a to_o send_v fifteen_o thousand_o cavalier_n to_o the_o war_n and_o forty_o thousand_o foot_n in_o this_o province_n be_v great_a town_n corsira_n or_o cassier_n former_o head_n of_o a_o province_n of_o its_o own_o name_n tulla_n on_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o great_a desert_n it_o have_v a_o strong_a stone_n castle_n build_v by_o the_o grand_a tzar_n basilius_n who_o take_v it_o by_o force_n from_o the_o prince_n that_o have_v the_o right_a and_o dominion_n of_o it_o odoiow_n where_o tulla_n and_o vppa_n flow_v into_o the_o occa._n near_o to_o this_o be_v msczeneck_n a_o strong_a fort_n but_o now_o ruin_v thereabouts_o live_v a_o few_o poor_a people_n in_o their_o hut_n who_o refuge_n themselves_o in_o the_o great_a marsh_n which_o take_v up_o all_o that_o country_n upon_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n colluga_o famous_a for_o its_o wooden_a ware_n czirpac_n near_o to_o which_o be_v iron-mine_n the_o only_a sort_n of_o mine_n in_o all_o muscovy_n and_o worotin_n a_o small_a province_n all_o upon_o the_o occa_fw-la as_o also_o the_o town_n of_o cazigorod_n and_o murina_n this_o river_n breed_v the_o best_a fish_n and_o water_v the_o rich_a meadow_n in_o all_o russia_n we_o have_v not_o yet_o speak_v of_o leucomoria_n loppia_n and_o some_o other_o country_n upon_o the_o ob_fw-la and_o the_o north_n sea_n because_o part_v of_o
about_o three_o english_a mile_n contain_v not_o above_o six_o thousand_o inhabitant_n and_o encompass_v with_o a_o silly_a trench_n of_o twenty-five_o foot_n broad_a the_o roman_a communion_n have_v four_o church_n the_o greek_a ten_o which_o they_o call_v cerkuil_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o university_n call_v bracha_n cerkuil_n it_o have_v a_o reasonable_a trade_n for_o corn_n fur_n wax_n honey_n tallow_n and_o saltfish_n they_o have_v four_o jurisdiction_n that_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o palatine_a or_o starost_n of_o the_o wovit_n and_o of_o the_o consul_n of_o the_o city_n half_n a_o league_n below_o kiow_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o be_v a_o large_a village_n call_v piecharre_o where_o be_v a_o noble_a monastery_n the_o habitation_n of_o the_o metropolitan_a or_o patriarch_n and_o under_o the_o mountain_n close_o by_o it_o be_v divers_a grot_n dug_n like_o mine_n wherein_o be_v conserve_v many_o body_n bury_v very_o many_o year_n ago_o among_o other_o there_o be_v say_v beauplan_n three_o head_n in_o dish_n which_o every_o day_n distil_v a_o oil_n sovereign_a for_o several_a disease_n the_o body_n be_v neither_o so_o black_a nor_o hard_a as_o mummy_n the_o place_n be_v a_o sandy-stone_n but_o very_o dry_a it_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n of_o that_o call_v roma_fw-la subterranea_fw-la below_o piecharre_n be_v stayky_a stayky_n stayky_n a_o ancient_a town_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n as_o all_o those_o ancient_a town_n be_v even_o in_o italy_n build_v so_o for_o strength_n and_o security_n there_o be_v also_o a_o ferry_n to_o pass_v man_n over_o the_o river_n after_o that_o be_v richow_n where_o be_v a_o easy_a passage_n over_o the_o river_n low_a be_v tretemirof_o a_o monastery_n among_o inaccessible_a rock_n here_o the_o cosack_v conserve_v the_o choice_a of_o their_o wealth_n a_o league_n below_o that_o be_v pereaslaw_n a_o strong_a town_n of_o six_o thousand_o family_n here_o the_o cosack_n have_v a_o regiment_n as_o they_o have_v another_o and_o a_o ferry_n at_o kaniow_n a_o little_a low_o but_o on_o the_o east_n bank_n of_o the_o nieper_n on_o the_o same_o side_n be_v cirkacse_n the_o centre_n of_o all_o their_o retreat_n burn_v by_o the_o polander_n ann_n 1637._o on_o the_o same_o side_n be_v krilow_n and_o below_o that_o kremierczow_n the_o low_a town_n upon_o the_o river_n all_o below_o it_o be_v desert_n a_o league_n from_o thence_o the_o river_n pseczoll_n and_o a_o little_a low_o on_o russia_n side_n omelnik_n fall_v into_o the_o nieper_n as_o also_o on_o the_o poland_n bank_n worsko_n and_o orel_n two_o river_n very_o full_a of_o fish_n here_o be_v divers_a dwarf-cherry_n and_o almond-tree_n which_o one_o of_o our_o countryman_n i_o doubt_v mistake_o have_v place_v far_o on_o the_o north_n of_o volga_n continue_v down_o the_o river_n be_v many_o isle_n most_o of_o they_o uninhabited_a because_o overflow_v in_o the_o spring_n but_o much_o frequent_v by_o fisher_n divers_a river_n also_o increase_v the_o niester_n at_o romanow_n but_o chief_o samar_n which_o supply_v not_o only_o much_o fish_n but_o other_o commodity_n as_o honey_n wax_n venison_n and_o especial_o timber_n the_o cosack_n call_v it_o the_o holy_a river_n and_o in_o the_o spring_n here_o be_v say_v to_o be_v catch_v sturgeon_n and_o herring_n a_o little_a below_o that_o the_o polonian_n build_v a_o fort_n in_o the_o year_n 1635_o at_o kudac_n which_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o porohi_n porovi_fw-la or_o porohi_n call_v ancient_o catadupae_n porouhi_fw-la porouhi_fw-la in_o the_o russ-language_n signify_v a_o rock_n of_o stone_n and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v thirteen_o chain_n or_o as_o it_o be_v causey_n that_o across_o the_o boristhenes_n and_o render_v the_o navigation_n from_o the_o vkrain_n to_o the_o black_a sea_n impossible_a so_o that_o though_o the_o vkrain_n be_v a_o very_a fruitful_a country_n in_o corn_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n yet_o the_o inhabitant_n not_o be_v able_a to_o vend_fw-mi they_o suffer_v much_o of_o it_o to_o lie_v unhusband_v or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o well_o as_o it_o may_v be_v of_o these_o rock_n some_o be_v under_o some_o above_o water_n ten_o foot_n as_o big_a as_o house_n and_o very_o near_o to_o one_o another_o so_o that_o stop_v the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n they_o make_v very_o great_a fall_n some_o to_o fifteen_o foot_n when_o the_o water_n be_v low_a for_o in_o the_o spring_n when_o the_o river_n be_v swell_v with_o the_o melt_a snow_n they_o be_v all_o except_o the_o seven_o call_v nienashte_n which_o only_o there_o hinder_v navigation_n cover_v with_o water_n betwixt_o budelou_n and_o tawolzany_n which_o be_v the_o ten_o and_o eleven_o the_o tartar_n do_v often_o swim_v the_o river_n the_o bank_n be_v shallow_a a_o little_a below_o the_o low_a porouhi_n be_v a_o island_n they_o call_v kaczawanicze_v or_o boil-millet_a because_o here_o they_o make_v good_a cheer_n when_o they_o have_v pass_v the_o porouhi_n below_o that_o be_v a_o river_n a_o promontory_n and_o the_o best_a passage_n for_o the_o tartar_n the_o river_n not_o be_v above_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pace_n broad_a call_v kuczkosow_n below_o that_o be_v the_o isle_n tomahowka_n whither_o the_o cosack_v often_o resort_v and_o rendezvous_n but_o their_o chief_a retreat_n be_v below_o the_o river_n czertomelik_a upon_o a_o island_n where_o be_v some_o old_a ruin_n but_o which_o be_v compass_v about_o with_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o small_a island_n some_o dry_a some_o overflow_v in_o the_o spring_n some_o marsh_n but_o all_o cover_v with_o cane_n as_o big_a as_o pike_n which_o hide_v the_o passage_n between_o the_o island_n and_o render_v it_o all_o a_o great_a labyrinth_n know_v only_o to_o the_o cosack_n who_o call_v it_o scarbniza_n woyskowa_n or_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o army_n here_o they_o lie_v up_o all_o their_o ordnance_n their_o money_n and_o whatever_o will_v not_o spoil_v by_o the_o water_n the_o turk_n have_v lose_v many_o galley_n so_o engage_v among_o these_o isle_n that_o they_o can_v neither_o go_v backward_o nor_o forward_a and_o be_v seize_v by_o the_o cosack_n here_o also_o they_o make_v their_o cholna_n of_o which_o more_o by_o and_o by_o from_o these_o porouhi_n the_o cosack_n take_v their_o name_n of_o zaporouski_n which_o be_v the_o great_a body_n in_o imitation_n whereof_o the_o donski_n be_v late_o set_v up_o none_o can_v be_v a_o zaporouski_n cosack_n who_o have_v not_o pass_v in_o his_o little_a boat_n all_o the_o porouhi_n i.e._n who_o have_v not_o make_v a_o course_n or_o voyage_n upon_o the_o black_a sea_n no_o more_o than_o he_o can_v be_v a_o knight_n of_o malta_n that_o have_v not_o make_v a_o caravane_n we_o shall_v first_o show_v the_o original_n and_o action_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o afterward_o finish_v what_o concern_v the_o boristhenes_n and_o the_o country_n adjacent_a the_o cosack_n cosack_n of_o the_o cosack_n so_o call_v say_v a_o late_a author_n from_o cosa_n which_o in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n signify_v a_o since_o their_o ordinary_a weapon_n begin_v in_o the_o time_n of_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n and_o be_v certain_a volontier_n upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o russia_n volhinia_n and_o podolia_n that_o troop_v togegether_o partly_o to_o defend_v themselves_o from_o the_o tartar_n which_o they_o do_v by_o fight_v they_o at_o the_o passage_n over_o the_o nieper_n as_o they_o return_v with_o their_o prey_n partly_o to_o rob_v upon_o the_o black_a sea_n where_o they_o get_v very_o rich_a booty_n draw_v more_o into_o their_o association_n at_o first_o they_o be_v about_o six_o thousand_o under_o eustachius_n daskovicius_n their_o general_n but_o their_o number_n quick_o increase_v their_o neighbour_n see_v the_o rich_a booty_n get_v by_o their_o piracy_n part_v whereof_o they_o lay_v in_o their_o skarbniza_fw-mi woskowa_o the_o rest_n they_o bring_v home_o to_o their_o own_o house_n agree_v upon_o a_o time_n of_o rendezvouse_v the_o next_o spring_n upon_o the_o isle_n and_o rock_n of_o nieper_n whence_o they_o again_o return_v to_o their_o piracy_n stephen_n batory_n king_n of_o poland_n consider_v the_o service_n which_o may_v be_v make_v of_o these_o thief_n in_o defend_v the_o frontier_n of_o his_o country_n from_o the_o inroad_n of_o the_o tartar_n establishment_n their_o establishment_n to_o which_o they_o be_v too_o much_o expose_v own_a they_o and_o form_v they_o into_o a_o orderly_a militia_n give_v they_o the_o town_n and_o territory_n of_o trethimirow_n about_o eighty_o mile_n in_o length_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kiow_n upon_o the_o boristhenes_n appoint_v they_o a_o general_n to_o who_o he_o give_v power_n to_o choose_v his_o under-officer_n give_v they_o many_o privilege_n beside_o some_o pay_n he_o join_v to_o they_o also_o two_o thousand_o horse_n to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o who_o he_o assign_v the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o demesne_fw-la whence_o they_o
and_o many_o other_o superstition_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v borrow_v from_o the_o roman_n who_o come_v into_o this_o country_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o palaemon_n hence_o they_o use_v to_o burn_v their_o dead_a expect_v say_v cajalowicz_n part_n i._o hist_n lithv_n lib._n 5._o p._n 140._o a_o resurrection_n out_o of_o the_o ash_n at_o the_o come_n of_o a_o strange_a god_n to_o judge_v the_o whole_a earth_n from_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o their_o mountain_n from_o these_o idolatrous_a practice_n they_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n their_o great_a duke_n who_o a._n d._n 1386_o upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o hedvig_a queen_n of_o poland_n turn_v christian_n and_o be_v baptize_v at_o cracow_n by_o john_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o very_a pious_a and_o zealous_a prince_n and_o exceed_v diligent_a in_o bring_v over_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n at_o the_o first_o he_o meet_v with_o no_o small_a opposition_n but_o when_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v down_o their_o tall_a tree_n the_o temple_n of_o their_o heathenish_a god_n and_o not_o mischief_n befall_v he_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o think_v their_o idol_n will_v never_o take_v this_o affront_n if_o able_a to_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o listen_v to_o their_o prince_n advice_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o build_v a_o cathedral_n and_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o vilna_n and_o the_o queen_n furnish_v seven_o parish_n church_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n with_o chalice_n vestment_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o divine_a service_n the_o russian_n at_o that_o time_n as_o most_o of_o they_o be_v still_o be_v member_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n so_o that_o the_o king_n think_v good_a to_o forbid_v marriage_n with_o a_o russ_n that_o will_v not_o conform_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n at_o this_o day_n many_o lithvanians_n be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n though_o more_o of_o the_o roman_a in_o vilna_n and_o several_a other_o great_a town_n vast_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v lutheran_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o palatinate_n the_o metropolis_n and_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v vilna_n the_o next_o be_v the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n 3._o minsko_n 4._o novogrod_n 5._o breast_n 6._o volhinia_n 7._o kiow_n 8._o miecislaw_n 9_o vitebsk_v 10._o poloxko_n vilna_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n vilensski_n by_o the_o german_n die_v wild_a have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v the_o house_n be_v general_o low_a and_o mean_a all_o of_o wood_n except_v only_o in_o some_o street_n where_o merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n that_o resort_n hither_o for_o trade_n have_v build_v themselves_o more_o then_o ordinary_a gentile_a one_o of_o stone_n most_o of_o the_o church_n be_v of_o stone_n some_o of_o wood_n the_o suburb_n be_v not_o build_v here_o as_o at_o other_o city_n in_o europe_n but_o round_o the_o wall_n in_o a_o confuse_a and_o disorderly_a manner_n every_o man_n place_v his_o house_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o wooden_a booth_n where_o he_o please_v the_o citizen_n be_v exceed_o poor_a and_o idle_a slave_n to_o their_o noble_n and_o their_o belly_n they_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o great_a lover_n of_o onion_n and_o garlic_n which_o kind_n of_o diet_n help_v by_o their_o smoky_a house_n blind_v half_o of_o they_o before_o they_o arrive_v at_o any_o considerable_a age_n their_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v breed_v continual_a quarrel_n among_o they_o if_o a_o stranger_n be_v kill_v in_o any_o such_o broil_n the_o murderer_n pay_v only_o sixteen_o dollar_n as_o a_o mulct_n if_o a_o lithvanian_a be_v slay_v and_o the_o murderer_n fly_v it_o be_v usual_a to_o preserve_v the_o dead_a corpse_n embalm_v till_o they_o can_v apprehend_v the_o fugitive_n who_o they_o can_v condemn_v without_o show_v he_o the_o carcase_n of_o he_o he_o slay_v there_o be_v not_o one_o public_a hospital_n in_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o it_o stand_v in_o more_o need_n of_o such_o a_o provision_n then_o any_o place_n in_o europe_n if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o swarm_n of_o beggar_n every_o street_n afford_v the_o only_a piece_n of_o neat_a building_n be_v the_o monastery_n of_o bernardine_n monk_n all_o of_o hew_a stone_n the_o moscovian_a company_n of_o merchant_n have_v also_o a_o considerable_o handsome_a structure_n build_v for_o a_o repository_n of_o fur_n ermine_n and_o other_o rich_a merchandise_n bring_v from_o moscow_n the_o great_a duke_n palace_n have_v nothing_o of_o note_n in_o it_o but_o the_o armoury_n which_o be_v admirable_o furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n and_o armour_n consider_v that_o lithvania_n itself_o afford_v no_o mine_n of_o brass_n or_o iron_n about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o vilna_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v another_o palace_n call_v from_o its_o situation_n wersupa_n that_o be_v near_o the_o water_n build_v by_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n all_o of_o wood_n and_o beautify_v with_o a_o park_n and_o pleasant_a orchard_n and_o garden_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lithvania_n have_v little_a in_o they_o observable_a save_v that_o they_o give_v title_n to_o palatine_n and_o duke_n what_o number_n there_o be_v of_o these_o last_o may_v be_v easy_o guess_v by_o what_o be_v report_v of_o vitoldus_n once_o great_a duke_n that_o he_o have_v no_o less_o than_o fifty_o duke_n at_o once_o in_o his_o army_n samogitia_n this_o country_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o situation_n which_o be_v low_a and_o wet_a samogitz_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n signify_v a_o marshy_a ground_n whence_o the_o moscovite_n call_v it_o samotzkasemla_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o liefland_n on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o some_o part_n of_o prussia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v continual_o overflow_v with_o river_n and_o lake_n unpassable_a but_o in_o a_o frost_n the_o rest_n of_o it_o be_v full_a of_o wood_n which_o afford_v good_a store_n of_o honey_n pure_a and_o better_a than_o any_o in_o lithvania_n or_o liefland_n the_o inhabitant_n differ_v little_a from_o the_o lithvanians_n either_o in_o manner_n habit_n or_o language_n they_o be_v sottish_o ignorant_a gross_o superstitious_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o use_v no_o plough_n in_o till_v their_o ground_n but_o dig_v it_o up_o with_o spade_n or_o stick_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o some_o part_n of_o moscovy_n when_o one_o of_o their_o governor_n have_v observe_v how_o far_o his_o countryman_n be_v outdo_v in_o their_o husbandry_n by_o other_o nation_n endeavour_v to_o teach_v they_o the_o art_n of_o plough_v it_o chance_v that_o for_o two_o year_n after_o their_o crop_n be_v not_o so_o rich_a as_o former_o it_o have_v be_v whereupon_o the_o people_n attribute_v the_o miscarriage_n to_o the_o new_a device_n grow_v so_o enrage_v that_o the_o governor_n be_v glad_a to_o decry_v the_o experiment_n for_o fear_n of_o a_o insurrection_n when_o vladislaus_n jagello_n have_v convert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n he_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v the_o samogitian_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n he_o go_v himself_o into_o this_o country_n and_o burn_v up_o their_o hallow_a grove_n and_o destroy_v the_o serpent_n and_o other_o creature_n they_o worship_v with_o threat_n and_o promise_v make_v they_o vow_n to_o abandon_v their_o former_a idolatry_n and_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n and_o for_o fear_v that_o when_o his_o back_n be_v turn_v they_o may_v relapse_n into_o their_o former_a heathenism_n he_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o mzdniki_n endow_v it_o with_o a_o revenue_n sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o twelve_o prebend_n who_o be_v to_o officiate_v at_o so_o many_o parish_n church_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n howbeit_o the_o good_a king_n be_v not_o so_o successful_a in_o his_o undertake_n nor_o his_o successor_n so_o vigilant_a in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o design_n but_o that_o to_o this_o day_n many_o poor_a ignorant_a idolater_n may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o desert_a part_n of_o this_o country_n these_o like_o the_o lithvanians_n speak_v of_o before_o worship_v a_o four_o footed_a serpent_n about_o three_o hand_n long_o call_v in_o their_o tongue_n givosit_n without_o one_o of_o these_o household_n god_n you_o shall_v scarce_o find_v a_o family_n if_o any_o mischief_n befall_v they_o they_o think_v it_o be_v because_o the_o little_a deity_n have_v not_o be_v well_o attend_v another_o piece_n of_o heathenish_a superstition_n be_v still_o retain_v by_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o
etc._n so_o that_o in_o those_o part_n only_o they_o make_v garden_n and_o till_o their_o ground_n through_o the_o whole_a country_n the_o air_n though_o very_o cold_a and_o pierce_a yet_o be_v not_o inferior_a to_o any_o of_o other_o region_n in_o healthfulness_n and_o pureness_n either_o because_o the_o vapour_n coagulate_v and_o so_o make_v heavy_a by_o the_o cold_a fall_n down_o or_o from_o the_o frequent_a wind_n which_o sometime_o be_v so_o strong_a that_o they_o hinder_v all_o passenger_n from_o travel_v and_o likewise_o root_v up_o all_o tree_n and_o bush_n that_o stand_v in_o their_o way_n so_o that_o on_o several_a of_o the_o laplandish_a as_o well_o as_o dofrine_v mountain_n there_o be_v no_o tree_n or_o shrub_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o therefore_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v use_v of_o fish-bone_n for_o fuel_n but_o most_o terrible_a be_v those_o tempest_n and_o whirlwind_n say_v j._n magn._n which_o arise_v from_o the_o north_n sometime_o take_v away_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o under_o the_o ship_n and_o carry_v the_o ship_n up_o into_o the_o air_n let_v they_o fall_v down_o again_o at_o far_o distant_a place_n sometime_o also_o sweep_v away_o with_o they_o both_o stone_n and_o live_a creature_n and_o now_o and_o then_o meet_v with_o great_a quantity_n of_o fish_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n use_v to_o dry_v in_o the_o cold_a they_o hoist_v they_o up_o into_o the_o air_n and_o let_v they_o fall_v which_o the_o poor_a people_n gather_v as_o a_o gift_n send_v from_o god_n in_o those_o part_n near_a the_o pole_n the_o sun_n for_o some_o month_n never_o set_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a for_o so_o long_a time_n never_o rise_v and_o although_o in_o summer_n it_o never_o set_v and_o go_v below_o the_o earth_n yet_o neither_o do_v it_o rise_v more_o above_o it_o but_o as_o it_o be_v glide_v along_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o horizon_n for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o likewise_o in_o winter_n when_o low_a it_o be_v not_o much_o beneath_o it_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o though_o they_o have_v one_o continue_a night_n for_o some_o month_n yet_o the_o sun_n come_v so_o near_o that_o it_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o twilight_n snow_n be_v frequent_a which_o last_o all_o the_o year_n long_o upon_o the_o mountain_n and_o many_o month_n upon_o the_o plain_n by_o the_o brightness_n whereof_o they_o travel_v with_o great_a security_n and_o speed_n then_o otherwise_o they_o can_v do_v spring_n and_o river_n be_v so_o numerous_a in_o this_o country_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o that_o together_o with_o the_o melt_a snow_n and_o frost_n they_o make_v the_o ground_n all_o summer_n time_n general_o loose_a and_o boggy_a the_o most_o note_a river_n be_v those_o whence_o the_o particular_a march_n and_o region_n have_v their_o name_n as_o vmeao_n pitheao_n luhleao_n torneao_n and_o kimeao_n these_o all_o spring_n from_o the_o dofrine_n mountain_n and_o be_v increase_v by_o several_a lesser_a river_n do_v at_o last_o unburthen_v themselves_o into_o the_o bothnick_a sea_n in_o their_o course_n they_o run_v through_o many_o hilly_a and_o uneven_a part_n of_o the_o country_n and_o be_v stop_v by_o several_a dam_n and_o wear_v and_o so_o violent_o force_v their_o way_n over_o precipice_n be_v not_o navigable_a such_o be_v the_o sluice_n muscaumokke_n sao_n and_o niometsaski_n i._n e._n hares-leap_a so_o call_v because_o the_o river_n lughla_fw-mi run_v between_o two_o mountain_n so_o near_o that_o a_o hare_n may_v leap_v over_o beside_o these_o lake_n lake_n and_o other_o less_o remarkable_a river_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o pool_n or_o lake_n as_o lulafraesk_n lugga_n sabbaig_n etc._n etc._n well_o store_v with_o salmon_n and_o such_o like_a fish_n one_o there_o be_v name_v stoorafvan_n in_o which_o there_o be_v as_o many_o little_a island_n as_o there_o be_v day_n in_o the_o year_n but_o the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v enaresraesk_n near_o kimus_n wherein_o the_o hill_n and_o island_n be_v by_o some_o say_v to_o be_v innumerable_a and_o torneus_fw-la affirm_v that_o never_o any_o inhabitant_n live_v long_o enough_o to_o survey_v they_o all_o some_o of_o these_o be_v small_a but_o fishy_a they_o call_v they_o suino_n i._n e._n holy_a and_o account_v it_o a_o sin_n to_o foul_a they_o some_o of_o they_o have_v two_o channel_n and_o when_o the_o fish_n forsake_v the_o upper_a they_o account_v it_o a_o ill_a omen_n and_o use_v ridiculous_a sacrifice_n to_o the_o daemon_n of_o that_o march_n here_o be_v mountain_n most_o of_o they_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a mountain_n mountain_n some_o also_o very_o high_a and_o almost_o unpassable_a especial_o towards_o norway_n which_o the_o swede_n call_v fiael_n or_o as_o the_o northern_a english_a fell_n and_o the_o laplander_n tudderi_n they_o arise_v about_o zemptland_n whence_o with_o continue_a ascent_n towards_o the_o north_n they_o reach_v a_o 100_o mile_n in_o length_n till_o they_o come_v to_o titus-fiord_a which_o be_v a_o bay_n of_o the_o freeze_a sea_n till_o of_o late_a no_o mine_n of_o any_o metal_n be_v know_v to_o be_v in_o the_o country_n mine_n mine_n but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n christina_n in_o the_o year_n 1643_o there_o be_v vein_n find_v both_o of_o silver_n and_o lead_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o pithalappia_n among_o rock_n so_o hard_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o tear_v they_o in_o piece_n with_o gunpowder_n but_o in_o the_o war_n betwixt_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n in_o the_o year_n 1656_o one_o van_n anon_o a_o danish_a governor_n so_o spoil_v they_o that_o it_o be_v not_o think_v worth_a the_o charge_n to_o open_v they_o again_o and_o since_o that_o also_o in_o the_o year_n 1668_o another_o silver_n i_o but_o mingle_v with_o iron_n be_v discover_v by_o a_o native_a there_o be_v also_o know_v to_o be_v some_o iron_n and_o copper_n mine_n in_o tear_v and_o lulalapmark_n but_o not_o dig_v scheffer_n mention_n a_o report_n of_o the_o discovery_n of_o a_o golden_a mine_n in_o the_o year_n 1671_o but_o nothing_o of_o certainty_n concern_v it_o come_v to_o our_o hand_n what_o further_o concern_v they_o will_v fall_v more_o proper_o under_o the_o discourse_n of_o sweden_n the_o stone_n of_o this_o country_n general_o be_v extreme_o hard_a of_o a_o ash_n colour_n and_o unworkable_a stone_n stone_n some_o there_o be_v find_v on_o the_o shore_n which_o represent_v the_o shape_n of_o some_o animal_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n esteem_v much_o and_o adore_v for_o god_n under_o the_o name_n of_o storjunkare_o some_o author_n speak_v of_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o diamond_n amethyst_n and_o topaz_n the_o diamond_n which_o be_v report_v to_o be_v of_o a_o incredible_a bigness_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o either_o crystal_n or_o fluore_n and_o scheffer_n give_v the_o same_o sentence_n of_o the_o other_o here_o be_v find_v in_o some_o few_o river_n a_o sort_n of_o pearl_n but_o neither_o so_o oriental_a nor_o so_o well_o shape_v as_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o indies_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n there_o be_v none_o of_o those_o we_o call_v either_o fruit_n or_o timber-tree_n tree_n tree_n but_o store_n of_o pine_n fir_n birch_n willow_n and_o alder._n plant_n most_o frequent_a among_o they_o be_v divers_a sort_n of_o berry_n angelica_n high_o value_v by_o they_o for_o diet_n and_o medicine_n sorrel_n etc._n etc._n proper_a to_o the_o country_n be_v calceolus_n lapponicus_n so_o call_v from_o the_o shape_n of_o its_o flower_n a_o beautiful_a plant_n but_o of_o no_o use_n great_a variety_n also_o of_o mosses_n the_o food_n of_o their_o rain-deer_n this_o country_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o lake_n fowl_n fish_n and_o fowl_n river_n and_o wood_n abound_v much_o with_o fish_n and_o fowl_n of_o all_o sort_n there_o be_v one_o sort_n of_o bird_n call_v loom_n or_o lame_a because_o their_o foot_n be_v so_o short_a and_o place_v so_o far_o behind_o that_o they_o can_v go_v upon_o land_n but_o always_o either_o swim_v or_o fly_v very_o numerous_a in_o and_o peculiar_a to_o this_o country_n but_o no_o bird_n abound_v more_o than_o the_o white_a partridge_n not_o only_o in_o the_o wood_n but_o on_o the_o high_a mountain_n even_o when_o cover_v with_o the_o deep_a snow_n they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o hair_n instead_o of_o feather_n which_o in_o the_o winter_n be_v white_a but_o when_o the_o spring_n come_v they_o turn_v to_o their_o proper_a colour_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v usual_a in_o all_o cold_a country_n they_o have_v hare_n foot_n whence_o they_o be_v call_v by_o some_o lagopodes_n fish_n be_v here_o in_o great_a abundance_n not_o only_o sufficient_a to_o supply_v the_o inhabitant_n but_o frequent_o transport_v into_o other_o nation_n although_o their_o constant_a victual_n be_v nothing_o but_o dry_a fish_n such_o as_o abound_v most_o be_v salmon_n and_o pike_n whereof_o some_o be_v find_v eight_o foot_n long_o of_o
south_n part_n of_o westro-gothia_a the_o ground_n be_v so_o rich_a and_o fertile_a that_o thirty-six_a day_n after_o they_o have_v sow_o they_o reap_v their_o barley_n beast_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v here_o in_o great_a plenty_n beast_n beast_n as_o horse_n elk_n bear_n wild_a bull_n castor_n or_o beaver_n sables_n ermine_n martron_n etc._n etc._n sheep_n also_o and_o ox_n not_o only_o sufficient_a to_o supply_v the_o whole_a country_n but_o also_o to_o have_v great_a number_n transport_v out_o of_o finland_n schonen_fw-mi etc._n etc._n into_o other_o nation_n tree_n also_o be_v here_o in_o great_a abundance_n tree_n tree_n as_o fir_n pine_n birch_n juniper_n etc._n etc._n apple_n also_o and_o pear_n plumb_n and_o other_o fruit-tree_n and_o of_o late_a hop_n have_v be_v plant_v here_o the_o pine_n and_o fir_n which_o grow_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n be_v say_v to_o have_v in_o the_o summertime_n a_o kind_n of_o rosinous_n gum_n distil_v from_o they_o which_o fall_v into_o the_o baltic_a and_o bothnick_a sea_n and_o by_o the_o wave_n carry_v to_o the_o prussian_a shore_n have_v give_v occasion_n to_o some_o to_o ascribe_v to_o this_o the_o original_n of_o their_o amber_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v rather_o a_o coagulation_n of_o petroleum_n honey_n abound_v very_o much_o in_o this_o country_n not_o only_o preserve_v in_o hive_n in_o their_o garden_n but_o ordinary_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o wood_n wine_n have_v be_v sometime_o in_o such_o scarcity_n here_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v furnish_v for_o the_o communion_n to_o remedy_v which_o divers_a author_n report_n that_o p._n innocent_a viii_o ann_n '_o 1486_o give_v leave_v to_o the_o priest_n of_o norway_n and_o place_n under_o the_o same_o parallel_n to_o celebrate_v in_o some_o other_o liquor_n the_o air_n be_v of_o different_a temperature_n aâ—â—_n aâ—â—_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o clime_n for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v cold_a pure_a free_a from_o vapour_n and_o consequent_o healthful_a in_o those_o part_n near_o the_o bethnic_n and_o baltic_a coast_n it_o be_v frequent_o mud_v with_o sea_n and_o marish_a vapour_n serpent_n and_o venomous_a beast_n whatever_o some_o author_n say_v be_v not_o at_o all_o or_o very_o rare_o in_o these_o country_n but_o fowl_n and_o fish_n of_o all_o sort_n in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o even_o the_o peasant_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n be_v permit_v to_o catch_v and_o to_o make_v profit_n of_o they_o lake_n here_o be_v many_o and_o very_o large_a lâ—â—â—â—_n lâ—â—â—â—_n the_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a be_v 1._o meller_n in_o vpland_n well_o store_v with_o salmon_n pike_n and_o such_o like_a fish_n and_o in_o winter_n so_o hard_o freeze_v that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o have_v market_n and_o fair_n keep_v upon_o it_o 2._o hielmer_n in_o nericia_n 3._o sitian_n in_o dalecarlia_n 4._o vener_n in_o westro-gothia_a a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o forty_o in_o breadth_n have_v many_o island_n in_o it_o and_o twentyfour_o considerable_a river_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o norwegian_a mountain_n unburthen_v themselves_o into_o it_o all_o which_o have_v but_o one_o passage_n out_o call_v tralhetta_n i._n e_o the_o devil_n cap_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n 5._o veter_fw-la in_o the_o same_o province_n who_o water_n be_v so_o clear_a and_o calm_a that_o one_o may_v discern_v the_o bottom_n at_o a_o great_a depth_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o this_o lake_n be_v ancient_o found_v the_o monastery_n of_o st._n bridget_n the_o chief_a saint_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o of_o st._n catherine_n her_o daughter_n with_o several_a other_o noble_a building_n 6._o vlatraesch_n in_o cajania_n 7._o pejenda_fw-la in_o tavastia_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v 8._o ladoga_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o muscovy_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v by_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n cede_v by_o the_o muscovite_n to_o this_o crown_n all_o of_o they_o abound_v with_o fish_n the_o revenue_n of_o which_o make_v no_o small_a addition_n to_o the_o king_n exchequer_n from_o these_o lake_n arise_v many_o river_n râ—â—â—â—â—_n râ—â—â—â—â—_n run_v so_o orderly_o from_o one_o to_o another_o that_o they_o may_v seem_v like_o those_o in_o holland_n to_o have_v their_o channel_n cut_v and_o direct_v by_o art_n the_o first_o be_v dalecarle_n who_o head_n be_v in_o the_o dofrine_n mountain_n whence_o it_o fall_v into_o dalecarlia_n take_v in_o several_a lesser_a current_n at_o torsang_n and_o so_o part_v the_o province_n of_o upland_n and_o gestricia_n and_o at_o last_o fall_v into_o the_o bothnick_a bay_n 2._o saga_fw-la or_o sawe_n which_o divide_v vpland_n from_o westmannia_n 3._o angermannie_n which_o water_v angermannia_n and_o be_v note_v for_o its_o abundance_n of_o salmon_n with_o several_a other_o of_o lesser_a note_n mine_n in_o this_o country_n be_v very_o frequent_a mâ—â—â—â—_n mâ—â—â—â—_n as_o of_o silver_n copper_n iron_n lead_v alum_n vitriol_n sulphur_n etc._n etc._n every_o province_n almost_o afford_v some_o more_o or_o less_o where_o we_o shall_v make_v mention_n of_o they_o the_o great_a part_n belong_v to_o the_o subject_n yet_o some_o few_o be_v whole_o in_o the_o king_n possession_n workman_n be_v maintain_v and_o the_o whole_a revenue_n receive_v by_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o year_n 1264_o magnus_n laduslaus_n then_o king_n institute_v or_o rather_o re-establisht_a a_o society_n of_o miner_n to_o take_v care_n of_o all_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o mine_n and_o to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n arise_v concern_v they_o these_o man_n in_o the_o year_n 1649_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n christina_n have_v many_o privilege_n grant_v to_o they_o and_o several_a new_a law_n make_v among_o they_o of_o which_o we_o find_v extant_a these_o viz._n if_o any_o subject_n discover_v a_o mine_n in_o his_o own_o ground_n of_o what_o metal_n soever_o the_o whole_a profit_n of_o it_o be_v to_o belong_v to_o he_o for_o six_o year_n after_o which_o time_n he_o be_v to_o pay_v ten_o to_o the_o king_n and_o if_o he_o maintain_v a_o forge_n to_o fit_v out_o for_o every_o hammer_n he_o keep_v one_o man_n and_o wagon_n in_o time_n of_o war_n for_o the_o king_n service_n from_o these_o mine_n come_v the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n in_o the_o year_n 1578_o two_o or_o three_o copper_n mine_n be_v say_v to_o have_v yield_v to_o the_o king_n exchequer_n above_o 500_o squipons_n every_o squipon_n be_v value_v at_o 30000_o dollar_n and_o other_o mine_n proportionable_o every_o year_n since_o of_o the_o government_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o swede_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v say_v at_o first_o to_o have_v be_v elect_v by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n who_o never_o assemble_v but_o upon_o this_o occasion_n he_o who_o they_o common_o make_v the_o subject_n of_o their_o choice_n be_v of_o the_o royal_a line_n or_o some_o one_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o as_o some_o say_v among_o these_o caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la the_o tall_a and_o most_o personable_a the_o place_n where_o the_o election_n be_v perform_v be_v vpsal_n where_o they_o assemble_v and_o have_v agree_v who_o shall_v be_v their_o prince_n they_o go_v forth_o of_o the_o city_n to_o a_o place_n call_v moresten_n a_o small_a distance_n from_o it_o here_o be_v set_v in_o order_n thirteen_o large_a stone_n one_o in_o the_o middle_n whereon_o be_v place_v their_o new_a elect_a king_n the_o other_o twelve_o round_o it_o for_o the_o twelve_o senator_n where_o after_o some_o few_o ceremony_n a_o declaration_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o king_n etc._n etc._n they_o propose_v to_o he_o a_o oath_n that_o he_o will_v protect_v and_o administer_v justice_n to_o his_o people_n and_o the_o elector_n for_o themselves_o the_o absent_a nobility_n all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n and_o all_o their_o posterity_n mutual_o engage_v that_o they_o will_v obey_v his_o law_n and_o bear_v faithful_a allegiance_n to_o he_o these_o rite_n perform_v the_o new_a king_n use_v to_o invite_v all_o his_o elector_n and_o noble_n to_o banquet_n where_o he_o himself_o wait_v on_o they_o and_o afford_v they_o great_a and_o splendid_a entertainment_n all_o which_o end_v with_o a_o solemn_a grace-cup_n call_v by_o they_o berga-beger_n these_o custom_n since_o under_o gustavus_n the_o first_o the_o kingdom_n be_v make_v hereditary_a be_v quite_o leave_v off_o and_o when_o the_o coronation_n be_v to_o be_v solemnize_v the_o noble_n and_o chief_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n meet_v at_o the_o king_n palace_n at_o vpsal_n whence_o they_o go_v to_o the_o metropolitan_a church_n in_o order_n the_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n carry_v the_o royal_a ornament_n the_o drotset_a or_o viceroy_n the_o crown_n the_o marshal_n the_o sword_n the_o admiral_n the_o sceptre_n the_o chancellor_n the_o golden_a globe_n the_o grand_a
and_o its_o people_n too_o stiff-necked_a to_o be_v keep_v in_o subjection_n in_o the_o day_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n a_o continual_a and_o uninterrupted_a war_n between_o this_o nation_n and_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n put_v a_o stop_n to_o all_o trade_n in_o the_o british_a and_o norwegian_a sea_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o dane_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o this_o island_n commerce_n be_v again_o renew_v which_o last_v till_o the_o english_a take_v their_o opportunity_n to-shew_a the_o world_n by_o reject_v the_o power_n of_o denmark_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o communication_n with_o that_o people_n how_o high_o they_o resent_v the_o tyrannical_a usurpation_n of_o foreign_a prince_n since_o the_o conquest_n england_n have_v seldom_o or_o never_o want_v a_o considerable_a fleet_n of_o norway_n merchantman_n william_n of_o malmesbury_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1142_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o his_o time_n bristol_n be_v a_o place_n much_o frequent_v by_o the_o irish_a and_o norwegian_n hackluit_fw-la give_v a_o account_n of_o certain_a treaty_n concern_v the_o northern_a trade_n between_o our_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_o haquin_n king_n of_o norway_n he_o that_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o read_v over_o the_o agreement_n between_o henry_n iv_o king_n of_o england_n and_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n from_o the_o hans_n town_n set_v down_o at_o large_a by_o mr._n hackluit_fw-la in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o english_a voyage_n p._n 146._o will_v find_v a_o considerable_a register_n of_o our_o merchantman_n take_v on_o the_o coast_n and_o out_o of_o the_o havens_n of_o norway_n and_o may_v thence_o be_v enable_v to_o give_v a_o tolerable_a guess_n at_o the_o number_n of_o our_o norway_n merchant_n in_o those_o day_n in_o the_o twenty-fifth_a year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o present_a sovereign_a charles_n ii_o a_o act_n pass_v for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o greenland_n and_o eastland_n trade_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o it_o be_v order_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o and_o for_o every_o person_n and_o person_n native_a or_o foreigner_n from_o and_o after_o the_o first_o day_n of_o may_n 1673_o at_o all_o time_n to_o have_v free_a liberty_n to_o trade_n into_o and_o from_o sweden_n denmark_n and_o norway_n this_o and_o several_a other_o clause_n of_o the_o same_o act_n which_o take_v off_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o custom_n former_o pay_v upon_o the_o importation_n of_o any_o east-land_n commodity_n have_v encourage_v great_a number_n of_o merchant_n and_o other_o to_o traffic_v in_o these_o northern_a sea_n and_o improve_v the_o trade_n of_o greenland_n and_o norway_n far_o beyond_o the_o example_n of_o former_a age_n for_o though_o the_o advantage_n that_o can_v be_v hope_v for_o from_o these_o kind_n of_o voyage_n be_v not_o answerable_a to_o what_o may_v be_v expect_v out_o of_o the_o levant_n and_o american_n plantation_n yet_o the_o small_a danger_n and_o charge_n these_o man_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v strong_a inducement_n to_o venture_v a_o voyage_n wherein_o the_o hazard_n be_v not_o great_a nor_o any_o way_n proportionable_a to_o the_o prospect_n of_o gain_n beside_o in_o the_o act_n before_o mention_v it_o be_v provide_v that_o whatsoever_o person_n or_o person_n subject_n of_o this_o realm_n shall_v desire_v to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o fellowship_n of_o merchant_n of_o eastland_n shall_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o say_a fellowship_n pay_v for_o his_o admission_n the_o sum_n of_o forty_o shilling_n and_o no_o more_o which_o be_v a_o sum_n exceed_o inconsiderable_a if_o compare_v with_o the_o fee_n pay_v upon_o admission_n into_o some_o other_o company_n the_o island_n of_o fero_n the_o fero_n island_n be_v only_o so_o many_o high_a and_o rocky_a mountain_n in_o the_o northern_a sea_n divide_v from_o one_o another_o by_o narrow_a frith_n and_o rapid_a current_n and_o enclose_v a_o large_a or_o lesser_a circuit_n of_o stony_a valley_n cover_v over_o with_o a_o turf_n of_o about_o two_o foot_n thick_a they_o be_v so_o call_v from_o fare_n which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o native_n signify_v a_o ferry_n from_o the_o many_o ferries_n or_o cross_n of_o the_o water_n from_o one_o island_n to_o another_o they_o be_v sixteen_o in_o number_n 1._o fugloe_n or_o fowl-island_n about_o three_o english_a mile_n long_o and_o two_o broad_a 2._o swino_n in_o which_o be_v a_o pleasant_a valley_n of_o a_o mile_n in_o length_n 3._o videroe_n six_o mile_n long_o and_o three_o broad_a 4._o bordoe_v six_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o a_o mile_n broad_a famous_a for_o a_o good_a harbour_n call_v by_o the_o native_n vaag_v 5._o cunoe_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n 6._o kalsoe_n something_o long_o and_o broad_a than_o either_o of_o the_o former_a 7._o osteroe_n twenty_o mile_n long_o and_o in_o some_o place_n two_o in_o other_o four_o mile_n broad_a 8._o stromoe_n twentyfour_o mile_n long_o and_o eight_o broad_a in_o this_o island_n stand_v thors-haven_n the_o metropolis_n and_o town_n of_o great_a traffic_n in_o all_o the_o fero_n island_n 9_o wagoe_o a_o round_a piece_n of_o ground_n of_o about_o eight_o mile_n in_o diameter_n 10._o migness_n 11._o rolter_n a_o mile_n long_o and_o half_a a_o mile_n broad_a 12._o sandoe_n eight_o mile_n long_o and_o four_o mile_n broad_a 13._o sknoe_n three_o mile_n long_o and_o one_o in_o breadth_n 14._o storetdiemen_n 15._o lille-diemen_n 16._o sideroe_n twenty_o mile_n long_o and_o eight_o broad_a the_o air_n in_o these_o island_n be_v in_o summer_n temperate_o warm_a not_o very_o hot_a at_o any_o time_n in_o the_o cold_a winter_n the_o frost_n be_v never_o so_o violent_a as_o to_o cause_v ice_n in_o any_o of_o the_o bay_n so_o that_o horse_n and_o sheep_n lie_v in_o the_o field_n the_o whole_a winter_n long_o they_o have_v never_o any_o thunder_n in_o the_o summer_n but_o frequent_o in_o the_o spring_n autumn_n and_o winter_n which_o be_v then_o general_o accompany_v with_o a_o storm_n and_o follow_v by_o shower_n of_o rain_n the_o air_n of_o itself_o be_v wholesome_a free_a from_o the_o plague_n smallpox_n or_o any_o contagious_a disease_n except_o bring_v in_o by_o foreigner_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v common_o long-lived_a however_o in_o some_o of_o the_o island_n the_o native_n be_v exceed_o subject_a to_o rheum_n which_o cause_n violent_a cough_n and_o headache_n both_o which_o disease_n they_o cure_v by_o drink_v sour_a whey_n as_o hot_a as_o they_o can_v endure_v it_o beside_o these_o the_o scurvy_a leprosy_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o feverish_a distemper_n call_v by_o the_o native_n landfarsoet_n be_v epidemical_a illness_n which_o reign_n in_o several_a of_o the_o isle_n but_o seldom_o or_o never_o turn_v to_o mortal_a disease_n the_o southern_a island_n produce_v great_a store_n of_o barley_n though_o hardly_o any_o other_o grain_n come_v to_o maturity_n insomuch_o that_o a_o tun_n of_o seed_n will_v ordinary_o yield_v twenty_o or_o thirty_o tun_n of_o grain_n the_o pasture_n ground_n afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o good_a and_o sweet_a grass_n these_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v fiedelands_n and_o take_v care_n common_o that_o they_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n in_o some_o of_o these_o field_n they_o have_v stock_n of_o as_o large_a and_o fat_a ox_n as_o any_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n afford_v the_o island_n be_v all_o of_o they_o plentiful_o store_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o medicinal_a plant_n requisite_a for_o the_o cure_n of_o those_o distemper_n to_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v most_o incline_v among_o the_o rest_n you_o may_v every_o where_o meet_v with_o great_a quantity_n of_o scurvygrass_n water-cress_n sorrel_n etc._n etc._n they_o have_v great_a store_n of_o angelica_n which_o grow_v as_o well_o on_o the_o top_n of_o high_a hill_n as_o in_o the_o open_a field_n this_o common_o make_v one_o of_o their_o most_o delicate_a dish_n at_o all_o entertainment_n beside_o the_o radix_fw-la rhodia_n call_v in_o their_o language_n hielpe-rod_n be_v not_o where_o meet_v with_o in_o so_o great_a plenty_n as_o in_o these_o island_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o run_a stream_n and_o lake_n the_o distil_a water_n of_o this_o plant_n be_v here_o make_v use_n of_o upon_o all_o occasion_n as_o rose-water_n with_o we_o in_o england_n here_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o fowl_n as_o dove_n stare_v owl_n sparrow-hawk_n crow_n and_o raven_n many_o of_o which_o be_v white_a grelling_n etc._n etc._n their_o chief_a seafowl_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o teal_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o crow_n with_o a_o yellow_a long_a and_o round_a bill_n a_o great_a enemy_n to_o and_o persecutor_n of_o the_o raven_n the_o eyder_n a_o sort_n of_o duck_n which_o yield_v the_o eyder-down_a be_v a_o fowl_n peculiar_a to_o these_o island_n this_o bird_n usual_o pull_v the_o down_o from_o she_o own_o breast_n to_o build_v her_o nest_n
the_o ocean_n in_o some_o of_o who_o isle_n several_a considerable_a kingdom_n have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v discover_v however_o notwithstanding_o this_o assertion_n of_o tacitus_n make_v the_o rhine_n the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o germany_n on_o the_o border_n of_o gallia_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o long_o before_o his_o time_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n julius_n and_o augustus_n several_a colony_n of_o the_o german_n have_v seat_v themselves_o in_o the_o gallic_n territory_n and_o inhabit_v a_o large_a plat_n of_o ground_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o both_o germania_n prima_fw-la and_o secunda_fw-la so_o often_o mention_v by_o ancient_a and_o modern_a geographer_n lie_v on_o the_o same_o side_n of_o that_o river_n wympheling_n in_o his_o little_a tract_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la germanicis_n demonstrate_v that_o all_o those_o city_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o southern_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n do_v always_o belong_v to_o the_o german_n notwithstanding_o the_o pretension_n of_o several_a french_a king_n to_o the_o contrary_n it_o be_v true_a lewis_n xi_o king_n of_o france_n before_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n make_v several_a incursion_n into_o alsatia_n upon_o pretence_n of_o recover_v the_o ancient_a right_n which_o his_o ancestor_n have_v challenge_v upon_o the_o rhine_n but_o this_o pretend_a jurisdiction_n never_o spread_v itself_o so_o wide_o as_o to_o reach_v beyond_o the_o bank_n of_o that_o river_n on_o either_o side_n for_o as_o freherus_n show_v the_o ancient_a gaul_n always_o claim_v a_o right_a to_o the_o river_n rhine_n although_o the_o german_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o soil_n on_o both_o side_n beside_o the_o hermunduri_n marcomanni_n and_o quadi_n who_o be_v all_o of_o they_o german_n extend_v the_o bound_n of_o their_o nation_n beyond_o the_o danow_n and_o seat_v themselves_o on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o that_o river_n whence_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o name_n of_o illyricum_n which_o former_o be_v a_o word_n use_v to_o signify_v a_o five_o part_n of_o the_o celtish_a nation_n contain_v the_o territory_n of_o liburnia_n dalmatia_n noricum_n vindelicia_n and_o pannonia_n be_v by_o the_o roman_a writer_n limit_v to_o liburnia_n and_o dalmatia_n only_o and_o the_o other_o three_o province_n reckon_v part_n of_o germany_n as_o be_v almost_o quite_o overrun_v with_o the_o people_n of_o that_o nation_n aeneas_n silvius_n and_o his_o follower_n fancy_n that_o germany_n be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o country_n much_o large_a than_o it_o be_v ever_o think_v to_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v consider_v that_o the_o three_o northern_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o sweden_n with_o their_o several_a dependence_n and_o all_o belgium_n as_o be_v still_o evident_a from_o the_o language_n of_o these_o people_n which_o be_v only_o so_o many_o distinct_a dialect_n of_o the_o high-dutch_a be_v former_o branch_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o conclude_v with_o cluverius_n that_o new_a germany_n be_v scarce_o a_o three_o part_n so_o big_a as_o the_o old_a at_o present_a germany_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o mountain_n of_o italy_n beyond_o the_o danow_n bound_n modern_a bound_n on_o the_o east_n with_o poland_n and_o hungary_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o french_a province_n of_o picardy_n and_o champagne_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o british_a ocean_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr pibrac_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o la_fw-fr germany_n est_fw-fr presque_fw-fr trois_fw-fr fois_fw-fr aussi_fw-fr grande_fw-fr que_fw-fr la_fw-fr france_n i._n e._n germany_n be_v near_o three_o time_n as_o big_a as_o france_n and_o most_o geographer_n make_v that_o kingdom_n thrice_o as_o large_a as_o italy_n so_o that_o if_o we_o shall_v though_o there_o be_v little_a reason_n for_o so_o do_v deny_v the_o netherlands_o to_o be_v any_o part_n of_o germany_n at_o this_o day_n yet_o this_o nation_n will_v still_o continue_v to_o be_v incomparable_o the_o large_a in_o europe_n the_o length_n of_o it_o from_o east_n to_o west_n amount_v to_o 840_o italian_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n from_o north_n to_o south_n to_o about_o 745_o according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o sansovine_n in_o his_o treatise_n del_fw-it governo_fw-it di_fw-it diversi_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o account_n if_o we_o reckon_v as_o be_v usual_a five_o italian_a for_o one_o german_a mile_n come_v near_o winthers_n relation_n which_o tell_v we_o germany_n be_v 686_o english_a or_o about_o 171_o dutch_a mile_n long_o measure_v from_o the_o mountain_n of_o italy_n to_o the_o british_a ocean_n all_o this_o tract_n of_o land_n or_o so_o much_o of_o it_o at_o least_o as_o lie_v from_o the_o rhine_n northwards_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_n look_v upon_o as_o a_o barren_a soil_n nature_n of_o the_o soil_n uninhabited_a and_o solitary_a wilderness_n destitute_a of_o city_n village_n house_n fruit_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n either_o requisite_a or_o convenient_a for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o inhabitant_n than_o such_o as_o they_o fancy_v the_o german_n to_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o savage_a woodman_n little_a different_a from_o the_o beast_n of_o the_o field_n either_o in_o education_n or_o diet_n but_o the_o improvement_n or_o discovery_n rather_o of_o late_a age_n have_v exceed_o alter_v the_o case_n and_o our_o modern_a historian_n and_o geographer_n in_o spite_n of_o tacitus_n cavil_n and_o envious_a epithet_n have_v be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o the_o german_n be_v a_o numerous_a and_o industrious_a people_n and_o their_o country_n both_o wonderful_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a a_o more_o signal_n instance_n of_o the_o plenty_n of_o corn_n in_o this_o country_n can_v be_v give_v than_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o story_n which_o the_o german_a writer_n tell_v we_o of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o who_o maintain_v a_o army_n for_o a_o considerable_a while_n against_o the_o turk_n consist_v of_o 90000_o footman_n and_o 35000_o horse_n beside_o the_o same_o emperor_n for_o some_o year_n together_o wage_v a_o continual_a war_n with_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a german_a prince_n during_o which_o the_o army_n on_o both_o side_n be_v say_v to_o have_v consist_v of_o above_o 150000_o man_n now_o although_o germany_n alone_o provide_v all_o necessary_n of_o food_n and_o provender_n for_o these_o vast_a multitude_n of_o man_n and_o horse_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o any_o the_o least_o famine_n or_o scarcity_n of_o bread_n ensue_v hereupon_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o dutch_a territory_n the_o chief_a river_n in_o germany_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n comparable_a to_o this_o for_o the_o multitude_n of_o its_o noble_a river_n several_a of_o which_o carry_v vessel_n of_o a_o vast_a burden_n for_o some_o hundred_o of_o english_a mile_n the_o most_o principal_a of_o these_o be_v i._o danubius_n danow_n danow_n or_o the_o danow_n brietius_n say_v that_o this_o river_n be_v ancient_o call_v matoas_n which_o in_o the_o old_a scythian_a language_n signify_v harmless_a because_o they_o fancy_v it_o be_v pretty_a secure_a sail_v upon_o its_o water_n afterward_o when_o a_o great_a company_n of_o stranger_n unacquainted_a with_o this_o torrent_n have_v here_o unlucky_o suffer_v shipwreck_n and_o lose_v their_o life_n its_o name_n be_v change_v into_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o word_n some_o critic_n derive_v from_o the_o macedonian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v as_o plutarch_n tell_v we_o as_o much_o as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d death_n cato_n think_v it_o be_v first_o call_v danubius_n from_o the_o dane_n who_o he_o confound_v with_o the_o dacian_o our_o modern_a geographer_n embrace_v pliny_n opinion_n and_o derive_v the_o word_n by_o a_o metathesis_n a_o jugis_fw-la adnobiis_fw-la whence_o it_o have_v its_o first_o source_n the_o hungarian_n call_v it_o duna_n the_o polander_v donay_n and_o the_o german_n die_v thonaw_v the_o head_n of_o this_o great_a river_n be_v in_o swaben_n near_o a_o small_a village_n name_v from_o the_o danow_n tone-eschingen_a which_o be_v situate_v in_o a_o part_n of_o the_o hercynian_a wood_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n schwartzwald_a or_o black-forrest_n within_o a_o few_o furlong_n of_o this_o fountain_n it_o receive_v into_o it_o two_o more_o small_a rivulet_n soon_o after_o which_o divide_v itself_o into_o two_o branch_n it_o encircle_n the_o city_n vlm_n with_o two_o fair_a stream_n both_o admirable_o large_a consider_v the_o short_a course_n of_o the_o river_n afterward_o it_o pass_v by_o several_a brave_a city_n in_o germany_n and_o hungary_n as_o regensburg_n passaw_n vienna_n presburg_n etc._n etc._n be_v large_o augment_v in_o its_o passage_n by_o the_o accession_n of_o many_o navigable_a river_n insomuch_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o challenge_v the_o character_n which_o ovid_n
long_o since_o give_v of_o it_o cedere_fw-la danubius_n se_fw-la tibi_fw-la nile_n negate_fw-la as_o soon_o as_o it_o come_v into_o illyricum_n near_o the_o city_n belgradum_n which_o the_o german_n call_v stuhlweissenburg_n it_o lose_v it_o name_n and_o be_v call_v isther_n at_o last_o qui_fw-la centum_fw-la populos_fw-la &_o magnas_fw-la alluit_fw-la urbes_fw-la euxinum_n irrumpit_fw-la bis_fw-la terno_fw-la flumine_fw-la pontum_fw-la one_o of_o these_o six_o current_n run_v with_o that_o violence_n into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n that_o it_o be_v say_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n fresh_a and_o sweet_a for_o near_o forty_o english_a mile_n together_o it_o be_v a_o admirable_a singularity_n in_o the_o danow_n that_o it_o alone_o of_o all_o the_o great_a river_n in_o europe_n run_v with_o a_o strange_o rapid_a current_n eastward_o whereas_o most_o other_o run_v either_o to_o the_o west_n or_o south_n some_o few_o northwards_o but_o not_o one_o so_o direct_o east_n solomon_n schweigger_n a_o german_a traveller_n report_v that_o sweet_a water_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o danow_n by_o aqueduct_n to_o constantinople_n which_o be_v two_o day_n journey_n from_o any_o part_n of_o this_o river_n before_o the_o danow_n leave_v germany_n though_o strabo_n assert_v the_o contrary_a it_o meet_v with_o these_o three_o notorious_a cataract_n 1._o der_fw-mi saw-russel_a or_o the_o swines-snout_n so_o call_v from_o a_o sharp_a point_a rock_n hang_v into_o the_o river_n near_o lintz_n in_o austria_n under_o which_o be_v a_o most_o dangerous_a and_o almost_o unavoidable_a whirlpool_n which_o certain_o suck_v in_o all_o the_o vessel_n which_o sail_v near_o it_o except_o manage_v by_o more_o than_o ordinary_a care_n and_o discretion_n ath._n kircher_n in_o his_o mund._o subterr_v say_v that_o whatever_o be_v swallow_v by_o this_o whirlpool_n be_v throw_v up_o again_o in_o a_o lake_n near_o canische_n in_o hungary_n 2._o der_fw-mi strudel_n so_o call_v from_o the_o noise_n which_o the_o water_n make_v in_o its_o fall_n this_o be_v a_o perilous_a cataract_n near_o greinon_n in_o austria_n where_o the_o water_n fall_v with_o a_o great_a violence_n among_o the_o rock_n distract_v the_o waterman_n with_o its_o noise_n and_o smoke_n and_o too_o often_o either_o overturns_a or_o split_v their_o vessel_n so_o that_o few_o or_o none_o be_v former_o so_o foolhardy_a as_o to_o pass_v this_o precipice_n without_o the_o assistance_n and_o conduct_n of_o some_o expert_a boor_n in_o the_o vicenage_n who_o for_o many_o year_n have_v make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o understand_v all_o the_o little_a creek_n and_o wind_n in_o this_o dangerous_a passage_n but_o of_o late_a year_n it_o have_v not_o be_v reckon_v a_o matter_n of_o so_o great_a difficulty_n to_o shoot_v this_o gulf._n on_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o the_o high_a rock_n stand_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n where_o former_o as_o the_o report_n go_v some_o notorious_a pirate_n who_o live_v upon_o the_o pillage_n of_o such_o boat_n as_o they_o can_v now_o and_o then_o hook_n into_o some_o of_o the_o neighbour_a cliff_n keep_v their_o residence_n 3._o der_fw-mi wurbel_n or_o whirlpool_n not_o much_o more_o than_o a_o furlong_n distant_a from_o the_o strudel_n the_o waterman_n that_o use_v this_o passage_n be_v of_o late_o grow_v so_o expert_a in_o shun_v this_o gulf_n that_o except_o your_o pilot_n be_v drink_v which_o be_v here_o no_o strange_a mishap_n there_o be_v little_a danger_n of_o miscarriage_n as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v pass_v the_o whirlpool_n you_o be_v sure_a to_o be_v wait_v on_o by_o a_o fellow_n bear_v st._n nicolas_n picture_n to_o who_o a_o adjoin_a chapel_n be_v dedicate_v and_o a_o alms-box_n into_o which_o every_o man_n cast_v what_o he_o please_v as_o a_o offering_n of_o thansgiving_n to_o that_o saint_n for_o the_o late_a deliverance_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o great_a rock_n which_o cause_v a_o great_a motion_n in_o the_o water_n stand_v the_o relic_n of_o a_o ancient_a fort_n which_o the_o german_n call_v der_fw-mi tuffel_n thurn_n or_o the_o devil_n tower_n the_o original_n of_o which_o name_n according_a to_o aventinus_n relation_n be_v this_o on_o a_o time_n bruno_n bishop_n of_o wurtzburg_n accompany_v the_o emperor_n in_o his_o passage_n down_o the_o danow_n when_o they_o come_v to_o this_o tower_n they_o be_v sudden_o scare_v by_o a_o strange_a apparition_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o blackamoor_n say_v i_o be_o bruno_n thy_o evil_a genius_n i_o shall_v do_v thou_o no_o mischief_n at_o present_a but_o thou_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o i_o again_o ever_o long_o when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o bosenburg_n a_o village_n within_o ten_o english_a mile_n of_o this_o wurbel_n where_o passenger_n usual_o refresh_v themselves_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o chamber_n where_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o bishop_n be_v a_o rest_v themselves_o sudden_o fall_v down_o kill_v bruno_n ii_o the_o next_o great_a river_n in_o germany_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o rhine_n some_o etymologist_n derive_v this_o word_n from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o flow_v because_o of_o its_o rapid_a current_n other_o fetch_v it_o from_o a_o old_a celtish_a word_n rijen_n which_o signify_v to_o divide_v or_o separate_v allude_v to_o the_o old_a story_n before_o mention_v of_o the_o separation_n of_o france_n from_o germany_n by_o this_o river_n but_o the_o generality_n of_o modern_a dutch_a writer_n be_v please_v to_o fancy_n that_o it_o come_v from_o the_o ordinary_a german_a word_n rein_n which_o signify_v pure_a or_o clean_a because_o forsooth_o it_o be_v a_o fashion_n among_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n to_o try_v whether_o their_o child_n be_v legitimate_a or_o spurious_a by_o cast_v they_o into_o the_o rhine_n which_o will_v never_o suffer_v those_o to_o sink_v who_o be_v lawful_o beget_v but_o usual_o drown_v the_o bastard_n this_o story_n cesar_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o commentary_n and_o hence_o say_v schottelius_fw-la the_o german_n to_o this_o day_n retain_v this_o proverbial_a say_n of_o any_o notorious_a and_o scandalous_a crime_n das_n weschet_fw-mi ihm_fw-ge der_fw-ge rhein_n night_n ab_fw-la i._n e._n the_o rhine_n can_v never_o wash_v this_o of_o tacitus_n report_v that_o the_o old_a german_n worship_v the_o rhine_n as_o a_o god_n martial_n allude_v to_o some_o such_o thing_n when_o he_o say_v nympharum_fw-la pater_fw-la amniumque_fw-la rhenus_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o modern_a german_n seem_v to_o be_v little_o less_o jealous_a of_o the_o repute_n of_o this_o noble_a river_n when_o they_o give_v out_o that_o die_v thonau_n ist_fw-mi aller_fw-fr wasser_n ein_fw-mi frau_n aber_fw-ge der_fw-ge rhein_n make_fw-mi mit_fw-fr ehren_n wool_fw-mi ihr_fw-ge mann_n seyn_fw-mi i._n e._n the_o danow_n be_v indeed_o the_o lady_n paramount_n of_o rivers_n but_o the_o rhine_n may_v well_o seem_v to_o be_v her_o husband_n where_o note_n that_o the_o danow_n be_v as_o most_o other_o name_n of_o river_n in_o the_o high_a dutch_a tongue_n be_v of_o the_o feminine_a gender_n but_o the_o rhine_n of_o the_o masculine_a there_o be_v two_o spring_n in_o the_o rhaetian_a or_o celtic_a alps_n as_o some_o author_n call_v they_o from_o which_o the_o rhine_n have_v its_o rise_n the_o first_o not_o far_o from_o a_o small_a village_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n tavetsch_n out_o of_o a_o considerable_o high_a mountain_n which_o the_o german_n call_v st._n gottarde_n geburg_n the_o other_o fountain_n be_v not_o far_o from_o reinwald_n in_o rhaetia_n these_o two_o fountain_n be_v about_o forty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o each_o other_o but_o their_o current_n meet_v in_o one_o about_o eight_o of_o the_o same_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n cur._n within_o three_o quarter_n of_o one_o of_o our_o mile_n from_o this_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o stream_n the_o river_n dilate_v itself_o into_o that_o vast_a lake_n which_o be_v ordinary_o by_o a_o corruption_n of_o the_o name_n of_o poomen_fw-mi a_o town_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o this_o water_n call_v der_n bodensee_a the_o broad_a part_n of_o this_o swift_a river_n be_v betwixt_o the_o city_n emeric_n and_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o schenckenschantz_n where_o the_o breadth_n of_o it_o be_v judge_v but_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o story_n have_v outstretched_a the_o measuring-chain_n some_o furlong_n to_o exceed_v two_o english_a mile_n immediate_o after_o the_o union_n of_o the_o forementioned_a current_n the_o depth_n of_o the_o rhine_n be_v so_o considerable_a that_o vessel_n of_o large_a bulk_n and_o burden_n may_v easy_o if_o not_o let_v by_o several_a cataract_n and_o rock_n which_o block_n up_o their_o way_n sail_v from_o stein_n to_o francsurt_v on_o the_o meyn_n collen_n mentz_n and_o all_o other_o place_n of_o consequence_n upon_o this_o river_n the_o cataract_n of_o the_o rhine_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v nine_o in_o all_o whereof_o seven_o
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former_o there_o be_v two_o know_v channel_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o every_o body_n can_v tell_v where_o each_o of_o they_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n for_o this_o great_a river_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o stream_n at_o schenckenschantz_n that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o rhine_n pass_v by_o arnhem_n rhine_n vtrecht_n and_o leyden_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n at_o catwic_n whilst_o the_o other_o branch_n pass_v by_o nimeghen_fw-mi under_o the_o borrow_a name_n of_o the_o wahle_n join_v itself_o with_o the_o maes_n be_v in_o the_o same_o channel_n convey_v into_o the_o ocean_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 860_o or_o as_o some_o reckon_v 1170_o among_o many_o other_o damage_n do_v to_o the_o hollander_n by_o a_o extraordinary_a springtide_n the_o commodious_a haven_n at_o catwic_n be_v quite_o stop_v up_o with_o sand_n and_o the_o current_n of_o the_o rhine_n obstruct_v this_o river_n still_o run_v but_o with_o a_o very_a slow_a pace_n towards_o 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this_o river_n and_o the_o number_n of_o eleven_o now_o all_o geographer_n agree_v that_o the_o elb_n spring_v from_o eleven_o current_n but_o when_o i_o consider_v that_o the_o bohemian_o name_v this_o river_n labe_fw-la i_o be_o apt_a to_o question_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o etymology_n though_o i_o can_v assign_v a_o better_a for_o to_o fetch_v the_o word_n ab_fw-la albis_fw-la rupibus_fw-la as_o some_o do_v be_v vain_a and_o impertinent_a tacitus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o elb_n spring_v in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o hermunduri_n a_o schwabish_a people_n but_o the_o learned_a historian_n mistake_v his_o mark_n and_o shall_v have_v write_v aegra_fw-la instead_o of_o albis_n ptolemy_n blunder_n be_v as_o great_a as_o this_o when_o he_o name_v moldau_n which_o run_v through_o prague_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n wltawa_n the_o elb._n dubraw_n give_v the_o true_a account_n of_o the_o source_n of_o this_o river_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n near_o hirschberg_n in_o silesia_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o bohemia_n these_o mountain_n be_v by_o latin_a writer_n call_v riphaei_n gygantarii_n and_o niviferi_fw-la montes_fw-la and_o by_o the_o bohemian_o and_o german_n die_v risengeburge_n from_o the_o multitude_n of_o strange_a and_o monstrous_a apparition_n which_o be_v see_v here_o by_o the_o rustic_n as_o themselves_o report_n the_o name_n of_o the_o eleven_o fountain_n out_o of_o which_o it_o spring_v or_o rather_o small_a stream_n of_o which_o it_o be_v compose_v be_v 1._o krumb-seyffen_a 2._o gross-seyffen_a 3._o nose_n 4._o granitz_n 5._o sperber-seyffen_a 6._o haubritz_n 7._o hinnerlein_fw-fr 8._o ganss_n 9_o new-wass_a 10._o heydelbach_n 11._o kalch-wass_a the_o first_o course_n it_o steer_v be_v southwards_o in_o which_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o city_n of_o dwur_n jaromitz_n and_o kralowy-hradetz_a or_o the_o queen_n be_v hradetz_n at_o which_o last_o place_n it_o be_v augment_v by_o the_o admission_n of_o warlitz_n and_o orlitz_n then_o large_a stream_n flow_v from_o the_o confine_n of_o bohemia_n and_o moravia_n into_o its_o channel_n at_o melnick_n it_o meet_v with_o the_o moldau_n and_o soon_o after_o with_o the_o aegra_fw-la afterward_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o city_n of_o dresden_n mizzen_n torgow_n wittenburg_n magdeburg_n and_o lawenburg_n and_o at_o hamburg_n bear_v merchant-ship_n of_o almost_o as_o large_a a_o bulk_n as_o any_o traffic_n on_o the_o ocean_n and_o that_o at_o the_o vast_a distance_n from_o the_o sea_n of_o any_o navigable_a river_n in_o europe_n the_o city_n of_o hamburg_n be_v eighteen_o german_n or_o seventy-two_a english_a mile_n distant_a from_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o you_o shall_v ordinary_o meet_v with_o vessel_n of_o three_o hundred_o tun_n ride_v in_o this_o harbour_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o this_o city_n it_o divide_v itself_o into_o a_o great_a many_o branch_n which_o encircle_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o small_a island_n last_o a_o little_a below_o gluckstadt_n it_o branch_n into_o two_o arm_n whereof_o one_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o die_n zuyder_n elb_n the_o other_o die_v noorder_n elb_n which_o empty_a into_o the_o british_a ocean_n german_n river_n of_o less_o note_n be_v 1._o the_o other_o which_o spring_v in_o moravia_n and_o after_o a_o current_n of_o about_o 300_o english_a mile_n through_o some_o part_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o pomeren_n fall_v into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n 2._o visurgis_n or_o the_o weser_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n of_o thuringia_n run_v through_o hessen_n and_o westphalia_n down_o to_o bremen_n not_o far_o from_o which_o it_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o british_a ocean_n but_o these_o and_o some_o few_o more_o of_o the_o like_a bigness_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a as_o to_o merit_v a_o description_n in_o this_o place_n but_o may_v well_o be_v reserve_v till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o particular_a province_n whither_o also_o we_o refer_v the_o reader_n for_o a_o account_n of_o the_o forest_n mountain_n mine_n bath_n mineral-water_n city_n university_n money_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n peculiar_a to_o any_o of_o the_o principality_n for_o germany_n ought_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o vast_a collection_n of_o several_a different_a nation_n and_o not_o as_o one_o petit_fw-la kingdom_n which_o may_v easy_o admit_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o general_a description_n of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o germany_n together_o with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o different_a name_n of_o celts_n dutch_n german_n and_o almain_n albis_n fluvius_n germaniae_fw-la celebris_fw-la a_fw-la fontibus_fw-la ad_fw-la ostia_n cum_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la ab_fw-la utroque_fw-la latere_fw-la in_fw-la illum_fw-la fluentibus_fw-la descriptus_fw-la jo_n vanden_fw-mi avele_n inventor_n et_fw-la feecit_fw-la nobilis_fw-la fluvius_n albis_n maximà _fw-la curà _fw-la ex_fw-la variis_fw-la famosisque_fw-la auctoribus_fw-la collectus_fw-la et_fw-la in_o lucem_fw-la editus_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a emporium_n hamburgum_n 1_o s._n gertraut_v 2._o s._n jacob_n 3_o der_fw-mi blaven_n toren_fw-mi 4._o det_fw-la tochthuys_n 5._o wenser_fw-fr toren_n 6._o s._n peter_n 7._o dome_n 8._o s._n johannis_n 9_o s._n catharina_n 10._o de_fw-fr borse_n 11._o it_o rathus_n 12._o maria_n magdalena_n 13._o s._n nicolai_n 14._o h._n geist_n 15._o melder_n dor_n 16._o den_n bollen_a stal_z 17._o s._n michael_n 18._o anschar_n kirche_n unt_fw-la weisen_n haus_fw-la that_o celta_n be_v a_o general_a name_n for_o any_o northern_a or_o western_a european_a among_o the_o aricient_a greek_a and_o latin_a writer_n celts_n celts_n be_v well_o know_v but_o whence_o the_o word_n spring_v be_v not_o easy_o determine_v cluverius_n as_o be_v even_o now_o say_v report_v that_o ascenas_n call_v his_o follower_n first_o celts_n from_o one_o of_o his_o own_o surname_n but_o what_o that_o be_v neither_o he_o nor_o any_o other_o historian_n i_o have_v yet_o meet_v with_o can_v inform_v i_o
of_o ocean_n near_o damgarten_n and_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o baltic_a at_o dars_n 2._o the_o bar_n which_o spring_v near_o stralsund_v spread_v into_o the_o sea_n at_o bardt_n a_o city_n borrow_v its_o name_n from_o this_o river_n and_o soon_o after_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o baltic_a 3._o the_o famous_a other_o which_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o have_v pass_v gartz_n and_o grieffenhagen_n and_o be_v come_v into_o pomeren_n divide_v itself_o into_o several_a branch_n or_o arm_n embrace_v therein_o many_o large_a and_o fair_a meadow_n whereof_o some_o be_v above_o two_o english_a mile_n in_o breadth_n after_o it_o have_v pass_v by_o stetin_n it_o dilate_v itself_o first_o into_o the_o dammish_a sea_n or_o lake_n then_o into_o the_o damantzke_n and_o pfaffenwasser_n as_o the_o native_n call_v it_o and_o at_o last_o have_v pass_v betwixt_o zegenorth_n and_o schwantevitz_n spread_v itself_o into_o a_o vast_a freshwater_n ocean_n know_v to_o the_o neighbourhood_n by_o the_o name_n of_o das_n gross_a frische_n haff_n extend_v itself_o above_o sixteen_o english_a mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o as_o many_o in_o length_n this_o huge_a lake_n afterward_o disembogue_n itself_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n in_o three_o current_n which_o make_v as_o many_o safe_a harbour_n the_o divenow_n swine_n and_o penemunde_n for_o ship_n that_o pass_v this_o way_n to_o stetin_n betwixt_o the_o peene_n and_o swine_n lie_v the_o island_n of_o vsedom_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n of_o wollin_n lie_v enclose_v by_o the_o swine_n and_o divenow_n beside_o these_o and_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o other_o river_n which_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o pomeren_n this_o dukedom_n afford_v a_o vast_a number_n of_o stand_a lake_n as_o at_o new_a stetin_n lukow_n sukow_n verschem_n dersenten_n penckun_n with_o many_o other_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v the_o reader_n will_v easy_o conclude_v fish_n fish_n that_o the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v in_o all_o probability_n a_o country_n as_o rich_a in_o all_o sort_n of_o fish_n as_o any_o principality_n of_o a_o equal_a extent_n in_o europe_n but_o yet_o the_o strange_a story_n which_o some_o of_o their_o historian_n relate_v of_o the_o extravagant_a plenty_n in_o this_o kind_n will_v a_o little_a stagger_v his_o faith_n they_o tell_v we_o that_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o one_o year_n above_o five_o thousand_o rixdollar_n which_o allow_v four_a shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n english_a for_o each_o rixdollar_n will_v i_o be_o afraid_a amount_v to_o a_o great_a sum_n than_o the_o whole_a yearly_a revenue_n which_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v out_o of_o pomeren_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n treasury_n out_o of_o a_o six_o penny_n custom_n demand_v upon_o all_o fish_n catch_v in_o the_o great_a haff_n below_o stetin_n and_o a_o three_o penny_n one_o upon_o those_o take_v in_o the_o lake_n at_o lassan_n they_o add_v that_o although_o yearly_o out_o of_o the_o lake_n last_o mention_v above_o thirty_o thousand_o rixdollar_n worth_a of_o fish_n be_v take_v and_o vend_v yet_o there_o be_v never_o find_v any_o sensible_a decay_n of_o their_o stock_n the_o most_o usual_a sort_n of_o fish_n take_v in_o the_o haff_n be_v salmon_n and_o lamprey_n of_o both_o which_o kind_n be_v sometime_o catch_v fish_n of_o a_o incredible_a bulk_n and_o weight_n in_o the_o spring_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o gripswald_n bardt_n rugen_n and_o wollin_n drive_v a_o good_a herring-trade_n but_o in_o other_o part_n of_o pomeren_n this_o sort_n of_o fish_n be_v never_o or_o rare_o catch_v in_o the_o lake_n madduje_fw-fr near_o colbatz_n the_o fisherman_n catch_v a_o large_a and_o broad_a fish_n call_v in_o their_o language_n musenen_n which_o like_o char_n in_o some_o lake_n in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o water_n and_o not_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o other_o province_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n the_o soil_n of_o the_o country_n be_v in_o most_o place_n exceed_v sandy_a and_o barren_a soil_n nature_n of_o the_o soil_n insomuch_o that_o sometime_o the_o little_a crop_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v sow_o in_o the_o field_n near_o dam_n golnow_v vckermund_n and_o several_a other_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n be_v sudden_o overwhelm_v and_o stifle_v by_o huge_a drift_n of_o sand_n from_o the_o shore_n howbeit_o you_o may_v here_o and_o there_o meet_v with_o a_o fruitful_a field_n especial_o near_o the_o city_n pyritz_n which_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o rich_a valley_n which_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n so_o plentiful_o that_o seldom_o any_o corn_n be_v bring_v into_o pomeren_n out_o of_o foreign_a nation_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a great_a quantity_n in_o some_o fruitful_a year_n be_v export_v thence_o they_o have_v very_o few_o mountain_n of_o any_o considerable_a height_n but_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o large_a wood_n and_o forest_n well_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o game_n as_o deer_n wild_a boar_n hare_n fox_n wolf_n wild_a horse_n bull_n and_o bevers_n beside_o the_o lake_n and_o forest_n furnish_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o water_n and_o land-fowl_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v so_o numerous_a that_o they_o pretend_v to_o reckon_v up_o no_o less_o than_o twentytwo_a different_a kind_n of_o wild_a duck_n beside_o the_o conveniency_n and_o pleasure_n already_o mention_v commodity_n commodity_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v provide_v for_o almost_o with_o all_o other_o necessary_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o their_o own_o territory_n that_o nature_n require_v and_o the_o ship_n of_o stetin_n stralsund_n and_o other_o town_n of_o trade_n bring_v in_o the_o delicacy_n of_o foreign_a nation_n to_o satisfy_v the_o demand_n of_o luxury_n no_o province_n in_o germany_n afford_v great_a quanties_n nor_o more_o different_a sort_n of_o fruit_n than_o pomeren_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n do_v not_o at_o all_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o plant_n of_o vineyard_n beer_n beer_n and_o if_o they_o shall_v their_o wine_n will_v prove_v but_o very_o mean_a and_o contemptible_a such_o as_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n afford_v of_o which_o hereafter_o however_o this_o want_n be_v sufficient_o supply_v by_o those_o vast_a number_n of_o merchant-ship_n which_o come_v hither_o lade_v with_o the_o wine_n of_o other_o country_n beside_o shall_v the_o inhabitant_n which_o can_v now_o hardly_o be_v hope_v for_o grow_v so_o temperate_a as_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o import_v the_o luxurious_a liquor_n of_o foreign_a country_n and_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o drink_v of_o their_o own_o land_n they_o will_v quick_o experience_n as_o many_o of_o their_o neighbour_n have_v do_v the_o delicacy_n of_o the_o many_o sort_n of_o beer_n in_o pomeren_n such_o be_v the_o bitter_a beer_n of_o stetin_n the_o mum_o of_o gripswald_n the_o buckhenger_n as_o they_o term_v it_o we_o may_v english_a it_o knock-down_a of_o wollin_n with_o many_o other_o which_o be_v by_o the_o mariner_n transport_v into_o other_o nation_n and_o therefore_o look_v upon_o as_o questionless_a they_o be_v preferable_a to_o most_o wine_n they_o have_v no_o kind_n of_o metal_n in_o any_o of_o their_o mountain_n mineral_n mineral_n except_o only_o some_o few_o mine_n of_o iron_n in_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n in_o some_o place_n the_o sea_n cast_v up_o amber_n but_o not_o in_o such_o quantity_n as_o in_o prussia_n so_o that_o here_o any_o man_n have_v the_o privilege_n of_o pick_v up_o and_o sell_v as_o much_o amber_n as_o he_o can_v find_v which_o the_o nobility_n and_o magistracy_n in_o preussen_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n permit_v nova_fw-la illustrissimi_fw-la ducatus_n pomeraniae_fw-la tabula_fw-la antea_fw-la à _fw-la viro_fw-la cl._n d._n d._n eilhardo_n lubino_n edita_fw-la nunc_fw-la iterum_fw-la correcta_fw-la per_fw-la frid._n palbitzke_n pomer_n l._n l._n studiosum_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la janssonio-waesbergiorum_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-la stephani_fw-la swart_a bugislaus_n junior_a fourteen_o pomeraniae_fw-la dux_n notarum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la urbes_fw-la urbes_fw-la cum_fw-la arcibus_fw-la ducalibus_fw-la pagiâ—_n though_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n the_o rugii_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d reudigni_n longididuni_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v for_o many_o century_n govern_v by_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o yet_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o time_n wherein_o they_o live_v have_v leave_v we_o in_o the_o dark_a as_o to_o any_o satisfactory_a register_n of_o their_o name_n and_o action_n the_o first_o prince_n of_o pomeren_n who_o we_o meet_v with_o upon_o good_a record_n be_v barnimus_n one_o of_o the_o ancient_a and_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o gryphones_n often_o mention_v in_o their_o annal_n and_o so_o call_v probable_o from_o the_o gryphin_n their_o arm_n to_o this_o day_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v govern_v in_o the_o year_n 933._o his_o grandson_n suantiberus_n divide_v his_o principality_n betwixt_o his_o two_o son_n bugislaus_fw-la and_o
tract_n in_o latin_a contain_v its_o description_n and_o virtue_n the_o other_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o river_n in_o silesia_n rivers_n rivers_n it_o spring_v near_o the_o town_n oder_fw-ge not_o far_o from_o teschen_n on_o the_o border_n of_o moravia_n and_o pass_v by_o ratibor_n cossel_n oppelen_n brieg_n brieslaw_n glogaw_n beuthen_n and_o crossen_n with_o some_o more_o city_n of_o less_o note_n before_o it_o leave_v this_o dukedom_n other_o remarkable_a river_n be_v the_o bober_n neisse_n ohla_n and_o queiss_n beside_o these_o it_o be_v the_o honour_n of_o silesia_n that_o the_o vistula_n the_o best_a river_n in_o poland_n and_o the_o elb_n spring_v out_o of_o its_o mountain_n there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o country_n good_a store_n of_o pond_n and_o lake_n which_o yield_v plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a water_n fish_n especial_o lamprey_n which_o be_v catch_v in_o prodigious_a quantity_n in_o the_o neisslish_a sea_n and_o some_o other_o water_n other_o commodity_n of_o the_o land_n be_v mad_a â—â—moâ—â—ies_n â—â—moâ—â—ies_n flax_n sweet_a cane_n or_o galengal_n wine_n especial_o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sagan_n and_o crossen_n silver_n copper_n lead_v iron_n and_o chalk_n they_o have_v plenty_n of_o saltpetre_n and_o some_o good_a salt_n though_o not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o be_v sufficient_a for_o their_o own_o use_n so_o that_o daily_o great_a quantity_n of_o this_o commodity_n be_v bring_v in_o from_o poland_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n they_o have_v all_o the_o sort_n of_o wild_a and_o tame_a beast_n that_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n afford_v butter_n cheese_n particular_o a_o kind_n of_o pitiful_a stuff_n make_v of_o ewe_n milk_n bacon_n honey_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o great_a trade_v commodity_n they_o have_v be_v wool_n and_o flax._n silesia_n have_v breed_v several_a good_a scholar_n and_o brisk_a wit_n â—â—abiâ—â—ts_n â—â—abiâ—â—ts_n though_o the_o ordinary_a rustic_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o people_n of_o a_o shallow_a understanding_n and_o small_a sense_n they_o be_v common_o in_o way_n of_o derision_n style_v by_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n eselsfresser_n or_o ass-eater_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o nickname_n some_o say_v be_v this_o a_o blunt_a country_n rustic_a travel_v from_o near_a breslaw_n into_o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n '_o spy_v in_o a_o field_n a_o ass_n feed_v which_o the_o poor_a fellow_n have_v never_o before_o see_v the_o like_a creature_n mistake_v unhappy_o for_o a_o overgrow_a hare_n whereupon_o discharge_v his_o blunderbuss_n he_o shoot_v the_o strange_a beast_n and_o bring_v it_o home_o to_o his_o friend_n and_o acquaintance_n who_o be_v a_o pack_n of_o bumpkin_n of_o no_o long_a head_n than_o himself_o roast_a and_o eat_v up_o the_o outlandish_a puss_n this_o be_v the_o relation_n which_o the_o common_a people_n of_o silesia_n give_v of_o their_o title_n another_o story_n be_v that_o the_o miner_n at_o reichenstein_n not_o far_o from_o glatz_n have_v discover_v a_o vein_n of_o gold-ore_n which_o they_o name_v der_fw-mi guldener_n esel_n lay_v at_o it_o continual_o be_v resolve_v that_o no_o stranger_n or_o foreigner_n shall_v share_v with_o they_o in_o the_o treasure_n and_o hence_o they_o get_v the_o name_n of_o ass-eater_n from_o stuff_v their_o purse_n and_o not_o their_o carcase_n but_o this_o late_a narrative_a may_n possible_o have_v be_v contrive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o silesian_n wit_n who_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v in_o hope_n to_o wear_v off_o the_o disgrace_n and_o ignominy_n of_o the_o former_a some_o of_o they_o like_o the_o boar_n of_o italy_n and_o bohemia_n have_v a_o custom_n of_o reckon_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n from_o the_o snnset_a but_o few_o of_o the_o nobility_n observe_v that_o method_n the_o lieutenantship_n of_o silesia_n be_v for_o some_o time_n commit_v to_o mathias_n corvinus_n king_n of_o hungary_n but_o afterward_o be_v confer_v upon_o the_o bishop_n of_o breslaw_n until_o the_o emperor_n rudolf_n ii_o decree_v that_o this_o charge_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o some_o of_o the_o temporal_a prince_n of_o that_o nation_n who_o be_v to_o be_v nominate_v as_o well_o as_o the_o subordinate_a lieutenant_n of_o the_o several_a petty_a dukedom_n or_o county_n by_o the_o council_n chamber_n at_o prague_n to_o who_o be_v also_o commit_v at_o the_o the_o same_o time_n the_o supreme_a inspection_n into_o all_o lawcase_n and_o the_o different_a administration_n of_o justice_n in_o all_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o each_o particular_a province_n christianity_n be_v first_o plant_v in_o poland_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o silesia_n religion_n religion_n which_o be_v then_o a_o part_n of_o that_o great_a dukedom_n about_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o nine_o and_o beginning_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o religion_n in_o these_o part_n the_o polander_n and_o silesian_n be_v wont_a to_o assemble_v themselves_o in_o wood_n and_o other_o desert_n place_n of_o the_o land_n for_o fear_n of_o lay_v themselves_o too_o open_a to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o their_o magistrate_n who_o be_v man_n of_o another_o persuasion_n but_o at_o last_o christianity_n be_v admit_v to_o court_n for_o mieceslaus_n duke_n of_o poland_n have_v marry_v drambronica_n daughter_n of_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n a_o christian_n be_v himself_o baptize_v at_o gnesna_n in_o the_o year_n 965._o whereupon_o he_o cause_v nine_o bishopric_n to_o be_v erect_v in_o his_o dominion_n among_o which_o one_o be_v found_v at_o schmogra_fw-la in_o silesia_n which_o be_v afterward_o remove_v to_o bitschen_n and_o at_o length_n fix_v at_o breslaw_n soon_o after_o the_o reformation_n begin_v by_o luther_n the_o augsburg_n confession_n be_v bring_v hither_o and_o at_o last_o confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n rudolph_n ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1609._o but_o ferdinand_n ii_o ah_o bloody_a persecutor_n of_o the_o protestant_n repeal_v that_o charter_n allow_v the_o public_a profession_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n and_o some_o few_o town_n more_o and_o that_o too_o with_o several_a limitation_n and_o restriction_n however_o that_o emperor_n be_v sensible_a before_o his_o death_n how_o vain_a it_o be_v to_o endeavour_v the_o extirpation_n of_o protestant_n and_o the_o whole_a empire_n some_o year_n after_o groan_v under_o the_o dismal_a effect_n of_o his_o misguide_a zeal_n for_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o silesian_n be_v at_o this_o day_n general_o lutheran_n only_o some_o few_o of_o the_o nobility_n with_o their_o dependent_n adhere_v still_o to_o the_o superstition_n and_o foppery_n of_o the_o romanist_n we_o have_v hitherto_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o general_a account_n of_o the_o vast_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n and_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o a_o more_o particular_a survey_n of_o the_o several_a petty_a province_n which_o make_v up_o this_o large_a territory_n begin_v with_o i._o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o silesian_n prince_n be_v dukedom_n dukedom_n by_o the_o subtlety_n of_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n set_v at_o variance_n and_o enmity_n among_o themselves_o of_o which_o stratagem_n we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n this_o dukedom_n be_v first_o separate_v from_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o silesia_n dominion_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1272_o the_o city_n of_o crossen_n be_v pawn_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o redeem_v within_o two_o year_n after_o by_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n four_o year_n after_o this_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n pawn_v it_o a_o second_o time_n to_o john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n for_o four_o thousand_o crown_n towards_o the_o ransom_n of_o their_o duke_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o marquis_n shall_v not_o give_v assistance_n to_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o lignitz_n in_o his_o war_n against_o their_o city_n not_o long_o after_o crossen_n be_v again_o redeem_v out_o of_o the_o marquise_n hand_n but_o john_n the_o great_a common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o cicero_n germanicus_n get_v possession_n of_o it_o a_o second_o time_n in_o lieu_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o ducat_n owe_v he_o for_o his_o wife_n portion_n again_o john_n duke_n of_o sagan_n deliver_v up_o this_o dukedom_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o john_n the_o three_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n in_o the_o year_n 1391._o last_o joachim_n ii_o and_o his_o brother_n john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v the_o sole_a and_o entire_a possession_n of_o this_o dukedom_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o first_o king_n of_o bohemia_n since_o which_o time_n the_o elector_n have_v always_o enjoy_v it_o and_o style_v themselves_o duke_n of_o crossen_n in_o silesia_n crossen_n city_n city_n in_o the_o language_n of_o some_o of_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n signify_v the_o outmost_a seam_n or_o selvidge_n
brunsberg_n which_o draw_v together_o some_o considerable_a number_n of_o people_n oblige_v he_o soon_o after_o to_o wall_n the_o place_n round_o and_o turn_v it_o into_o a_o city_n 6._o ewanczitz_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o rivers_n iglaw_n and_o oslaw_n both_o which_o here_o lose_v their_o name_n and_o be_v afterward_o call_v schwartza_n this_o city_n be_v once_o notorious_a for_o harbour_v more_o different_a sect_n in_o religion_n then_o almost_o any_o other_o town_n in_o europe_n the_o parish_n church_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o two_o prevail_a party_n of_o hussites_n and_o lutheran_n both_o of_o which_o have_v here_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o inconsistent_a form_n of_o divine_a worship_n at_o the_o same_o time_n one_o of_o their_o street_n be_v whole_o inhabit_v by_o jew_n who_o have_v erect_v in_o it_o a_o synagogue_n and_o school_n for_o themselves_o and_o child_n without_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n the_o calvinist_n have_v two_o church_n the_o one_o for_o the_o bohemian_o the_o other_o for_o the_o german_n and_o these_o share_v with_o the_o hussites_n and_o lutheran_n in_o the_o magistracy_n and_o government_n of_o the_o city_n another_o part_n of_o the_o suburb_n be_v take_v up_o by_o the_o holy_a brethren_n of_o switzerland_n a_o pack_n of_o nominal_a christian_n who_o never_o be_v baptize_v think_v it_o a_o damnable_a sin_n to_o wear_v a_o sword_n and_o celebrate_v the_o lord_n supper_n only_o at_o whitsuntide_n the_o photinian_o atheist_n and_o quaker_n for_o such_o kind_n of_o creature_n i_o take_v the_o schwenckfelder_n to_o have_v be_v who_o deny_v the_o resurrection_n of_o the_o dead_a meet_v at_o their_o devotion_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o fountain_n in_o the_o field_n at_o a_o small_a village_n name_v olekowitz_n about_o half_a a_o english_a mile_n out_o of_o the_o town_n dwell_v the_o anabaptist_n who_o be_v about_o four_o hundred_o in_o number_n but_o this_o ridiculous_a toleration_n and_o distraction_n in_o religion_n come_v to_o this_o issue_n at_o last_o that_o now_o all_o those_o various_a party_n of_o people_n who_o all_o of_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v true_a protestant_n be_v cashier_v and_o none_o permit_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n but_o jew_n and_o papist_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v a_o great_a many_o more_o city_n if_o what_o caspar_n laudisman_n in_o his_o direction_n for_o the_o speedy_a understanding_n of_o foreign_a language_n affirm_v it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v in_o this_o marquisate_n 100_o city_n 410_o town_n 500_o castle_n and_o 30360_o village_n which_o prodigious_a number_n of_o building_n will_v go_v near_o to_o cover_v almost_o all_o the_o habitable_a part_n of_o this_o country_n but_o i_o think_v there_o be_v few_o more_o than_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v which_o deserve_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o any_o further_a than_o to_o give_v they_o room_n for_o their_o name_n in_o the_o map_n bohemia_n notarum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la caritas_fw-la regius_fw-la libera_fw-la oppidum_n regis_fw-la bohemia_n oppida_fw-la â—â—â—inum_fw-la et_fw-la nobil_n …_o pagus_n arx_n castellum_n monasterium_fw-la oppidum_n cum_fw-la arce_n fodine_n auri_fw-la fodine_n argenti_fw-la fodine_n stanni_fw-la fodine_n ferri_fw-la therm_n officina_fw-la vitriaria_n nomina_fw-la quae_fw-la habent_fw-la tri_fw-la …_o in_o …_o nt_v bohemica_fw-la the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n bohemia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o moravia_n and_o silesia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o voitland_n the_o upper_a palatinate_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bavaria_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o arch-dukedom_n of_o austria_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o marquisates_n of_o misnia_n and_o lusatia_n whence_o the_o learned_a godalstus_n in_o that_o excellent_a treatise_n of_o his_o entitle_v commentarii_n de_fw-fr bohemiae_n regni_fw-la incorporatarumque_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la juribus_fw-la ac_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la etc._n etc._n well_o argue_v that_o this_o kingdom_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v ancient_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n and_o aught_o still_o to_o be_v so_o account_v since_o all_o the_o people_n that_o encompass_v it_o speak_v the_o high_a dutch_a language_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v encompass_v round_o with_o mountain_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v the_o montes_n riphaei_n or_o hill_n of_o giant_n which_o part_n this_o land_n from_o silesia_n out_o of_o these_o spring_n the_o great_a river_n elb_n issue_v out_o of_o two_o of_o they_o famous_a heretofore_o for_o the_o enchantment_n and_o apparition_n of_o evil_a spirit_n that_o use_v to_o haunt_v they_o one_o of_o these_o two_o be_v now_o adays_o name_v by_o the_o silesian_n germane_a that_o live_v near_o it_o schneekippe_v from_o the_o continual_a snow_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o the_o other_o knieholtz_n from_o the_o short_a shrub_n or_o brush_n wood_n that_o grow_v there_o the_o other_o river_n of_o note_n be_v the_o eager_a muldau_n satzawa_n orliecze_n lusinitz_n gyzera_n and_o mouse_n all_o which_o spring_n within_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v at_o last_o empty_v into_o the_o elb_n at_o dietzin_n most_o of_o these_o run_v in_o a_o clear_a channel_n and_o afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o fish_n in_o some_o of_o they_o the_o native_n find_v a_o sort_n of_o shellfish_n much_o like_o a_o horse-muscle_n with_o a_o pearl_n in_o it_o of_o good_a value_n such_o as_o those_o be_v which_o mr._n cambden_n tell_v we_o lie_v gape_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n irt_v in_o cumberland_n in_o several_a part_n of_o bohemia_n especial_o at_o teplitz_n and_o wary_a both_o which_o have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o hot_a bath_n there_o find_v spring_v mineral_n and_o medicinal_a water_n which_o exceed_o refresh_v the_o body_n and_o cure_v many_o distemper_n the_o acid_a water_n at_o oegran_n and_o comorzan_n be_v account_v mighty_a sovereign_n against_o many_o disease_n and_o there_o be_v not_o many_o year_n ago_o a_o fountain_n of_o as_o great_a credit_n at_o stechowicz_n near_o prague_n the_o like_a be_v still_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o at_o benessow_n near_o caplicze_n which_o for_o the_o cure_v it_o have_v perform_v have_v get_v the_o name_n of_o dobra_n woda_n or_o good_a water_n there_o be_v no_o lake_n in_o the_o kingdom_n pond_n pond_n except_v only_o one_o or_o two_o near_o the_o town_n of_o mosta_n and_o tepla_fw-la of_o little_a or_o no_o moment_n but_o the_o fishpond_n in_o many_o place_n seem_v to_o equal_v the_o lake_n in_o foreign_a country_n witness_v those_o petty_a fresh_a water_n sea_n at_o pardubicz_n clumecz_n trzebon_n rozdialowicz_n and_o copydlan_n where_o the_o pond_n abound_v with_o perch_n jack_n carp_n and_o other_o fish_n bring_v their_o master_n in_o as_o large_a revenue_n as_o so_o many_o good_a lordship_n the_o soil_n of_o the_o country_n be_v general_o fat_a and_o arable_a in_o few_o place_n barren_a or_o sandy_a commodity_n commodity_n you_o have_v here_o also_o fine_a wood_n and_o forest_n intermix_v but_o none_o so_o large_a as_o to_o render_v any_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n uninhabitable_a the_o orchard_n and_o garden_n be_v so_o well_o stock_v with_o fruit_n that_o yearly_o great_a quantity_n of_o apple_n pear_n etc._n etc._n be_v hence_o export_v into_o misnia_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v wine_n enough_o if_o the_o luxury_n of_o the_o present_a age_n do_v not_o want_v great_a supply_n than_o nature_n in_o their_o own_o vineyard_n which_o be_v reckon_v a_o better_a body_v liquor_n than_o moravian_n wine_n and_o equal_v the_o austrian_a in_o taste_n but_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o be_v keep_v to_o so_o good_a a_o age_n the_o field_n and_o meadow_n be_v rich_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o cattle_n especial_o horse_n of_o more_o than_o ordinary_a courage_n and_o bulk_n their_o hop-garden_n afford_v they_o a_o better_a and_o more_o plentiful_a crop_n than_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o country_n for_o which_o reason_n their_o beer_n whereof_o they_o have_v two_o sort_n white_a and_o brown_a be_v high_o value_v and_o export_v into_o the_o neighbour_a part_n of_o germany_n there_o have_v be_v some_o salt-pit_n discover_v in_o bohemia_n but_o so_o inconsiderable_a that_o they_o find_v the_o profit_n will_v not_o answer_v the_o cost_n of_o dig_v and_o therefore_o the_o bohemian_o have_v their_o salt_n out_o of_o misnia_n and_o other_o province_n of_o germany_n but_o this_o want_n be_v sufficient_o recompense_v by_o their_o rich_a mine_n of_o silver_n copper_n tin_n iron_n lead_v sulphur_n niter_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o by_o their_o glass_n and_o alum_n make_v here_o in_o great_a quantity_n they_o pretend_v to_o have_v carbuncle_n ametheist_n and_o other_o precious_a stone_n in_o their_o land_n which_o they_o say_v be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o mine_n and_o among_o the_o rock_n of_o the_o hill_n country_n anselm_n boetius_fw-la boodt_n who_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v in_o the_o description_n of_o
the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n be_v a_o province_n of_o no_o large_a extent_n but_o exceed_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n wine_n and_o hemp._n the_o country_n be_v everywhere_o very_o populous_a and_o the_o village_n so_o thick_a that_o the_o whole_a marquisate_n have_v be_v by_o some_o compare_v to_o one_o continue_a city_n with_o fair_a garden_n interlace_v among_o the_o building_n entz_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d wirmb_n phintz_n and_o the_o other_o river_n afford_v plenty_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o chase_n and_o park_n be_v so_o well_o stock_v with_o venison_n and_o fowl_n that_o what_o the_o nobility_n in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n covet_v as_o a_o delicacy_n the_o rustic_n of_o baden_n have_v for_o their_o ordinary_a food_n the_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n antwerp_n and_o other_o great_a trade_n town_n in_o the_o netherlands_o furnish_v themselves_o hence_o with_o those_o vast_a quantity_n of_o flax_n and_o hemp_n which_o they_o transport_v into_o foreign_a nation_n so_o that_o what_o pass_v for_o holland_n flax_n here_o in_o england_n grow_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o marquisate_n of_o baden_n and_o be_v bring_v thence_o down_o the_o rhine_n there_o be_v in_o this_o country_n whole_a wood_n of_o chesnut_n tree_n which_o feed_v their_o great_a herd_n of_o swine_n at_o a_o cheap_a rate_n than_o the_o hog-merchant_n of_o whestphalia_n who_o buy_v their_o chestnut_n at_o bremen_n can_v afford_v to_o do_v the_o quarry_n give_v the_o inhabitant_n a_o advantage_n of_o build_v fair_a house_n with_o a_o small_a cost_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d provide_v they_o with_o a_o good_a freestone_n and_o marble_n of_o all_o colour_n among_o these_o especial_o in_o the_o county_n of_o sponheim_n they_o sometime_o find_v agate_n which_o be_v here_o rare_o polish_a and_o send_v into_o foreign_a country_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o this_o marquisate_n be_v most_o peculiar_o happy_a in_o the_o multitude_n and_o goodness_n of_o its_o hot_a bath_n and_o mineral-water_n especial_o at_o baden_n of_o which_o more_o anon_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o vast_a conflux_n of_o the_o nobility_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o these_o bath_n we_o may_v reasonable_o imagine_v that_o the_o complaisant_a carriage_n towards_o stranger_n which_o we_o find_v everywhere_o practise_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n proceed_v from_o their_o conversation_n with_o stranger_n who_o flock_n hither_o upon_o the_o strong_a conceit_n they_o have_v of_o the_o more_o than_o ordinary_a virtue_n of_o these_o water_n they_o be_v general_o a_o stout_a and_o hardy_a people_n inure_v to_o labour_n and_o toil_n or_o the_o severity_n of_o a_o camp_n from_o their_o their_o cradle_n hence_o they_o come_v to_o be_v reckon_v as_o good_a soldier_n as_o any_o in_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a honour_n the_o country_n have_v get_v this_o last_o year_n 1681_o in_o have_v their_o marquis_n herman_n make_v choice_n of_o to_o succeed_v the_o late_a famous_a commander_n montecuculi_fw-la in_o the_o place_n of_o general_n of_o all_o the_o imperial_a force_n no_o question_n the_o marquis_n of_o this_o country_n be_v descend_v of_o a_o ancient_a stock_n of_o prince_n marquis_n marquis_n but_o of_o what_o old_a family_n they_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v a_o branch_n the_o german_a herald_n can_v scarce_o determine_v some_o fetch_v they_o from_o the_o vrsin_n and_o other_o from_o the_o house_n of_o della_n scala_n or_o the_o scaliger_n some_o again_o labour_v to_o prove_v that_o baden_n and_o hochberg_n be_v different_a family_n and_o other_o that_o they_o be_v but_o one_o other_o genealogist_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbaressa_n bring_v herman_n marquis_n of_o verona_n out_o of_o italy_n and_o make_v he_o the_o first_o marquis_n of_o hochberg_n and_o baden_n a._n d._n 1155._o which_o will_v very_o ill_o agree_v with_o what_o the_o best_a high_a dutch_a historian_n report_v of_o a_o monastery_n be_v found_v by_o herman_n marquis_n of_o baden_n in_o his_o village_n of_o backenau_n a._n d._n 1116_o which_o be_v confirm_v by_o bruno_n bishop_n of_o spire_n in_o the_o year_n 1122._o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o they_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o vindonissa_n and_o altemburg_n in_o switzerland_n from_o who_o also_o the_o duke_n of_o zeringuen_n and_o tek_v the_o count_n of_o habspurg_n and_o the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n derive_v their_o original_n at_o present_v there_o be_v two_o family_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o baden_n whereof_o one_o be_v a_o profess_a lutheran_n and_o the_o other_o a_o zealous_a papist_n for_o this_o reason_n their_o interest_n seem_v different_a the_o marquis_n of_o durlach_n associate_a himself_n with_o the_o count_n palatine_n the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o duke_n of_o wirtenberg_n and_o the_o count_n of_o solms_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o baden_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n savoy_n and_o lorraine_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o hohernzollern_n each_o of_o these_o prince_n style_n himself_o marquis_n of_o baden_n and_o hochberg_n landgrave_n of_o sausenberg_n earl_n of_o sponheim_n and_o eberstein_n lord_n of_o rotel_n badenweiler_n lohr_n and_o mahlberg_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o marquisate_n of_o baden_n baden_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o marquisate_n baden_n baden_n and_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o hot_a bath_n in_o this_o place_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v above_o three_o hundred_o the_o town_n stand_v among_o hill_n on_o a_o craggy_a and_o uneven_a spot_n of_o ground_n so_o that_o there_o be_v hardly_o a_o strait_a and_o plain_a street_n in_o it_o some_o of_o the_o bath_n be_v scald_a hot_a and_o all_o of_o they_o run_v out_o of_o rock_n of_o brimstone_n salt_n and_o alum_n have_v the_o same_o taste_n one_o of_o they_o be_v call_v the_o kettle_n out_o of_o which_o the_o water_n boil_v at_o a_o wonderful_a rate_n reek_v as_o if_o set_v over_o a_o furnace_n these_o water_n be_v reckon_v sovereign_a medicine_n for_o several_a disease_n especial_o the_o cramp_n and_o gout_n both_o which_o distemper_n have_v be_v admirable_o cure_v by_o they_o for_o this_o reason_n there_o be_v a_o continual_a resort_n of_o the_o german_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n who_o flock_n hither_o in_o as_o great_a company_n during_o the_o whole_a summer_n as_o our_o english_a gentry_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v to_o bath_n in_o somersetshire_n see_v joh._n keiffer_n description_n of_o the_o bath_n of_o this_o country_n 2._o durlach_n durlach_n durlach_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n psintz_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n on_o the_o top_n whereof_o stand_v a_o tower_n wherein_o contintial_a watch_n be_v keep_v for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o city_n the_o street_n in_o this_o town_n be_v general_o fair_a and_o straight_o and_o the_o building_n stately_a and_o uniform_a the_o marquise_n palace_n far_o excel_v that_o at_o baden_n and_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o court_n and_o attendant_n of_o the_o great_a monarch_n in_o europe_n there_o be_v a_o gymnasium_n keep_v up_o by_o some_o few_o professor_n who_o read_v public_a lecture_n in_o the_o several_a faculty_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o worthy_a a_o scholar_n sight_n be_v the_o rare_a collection_n of_o ancient_a coin_n and_o medal_n in_o the_o marquise_n cabinet_n and_o the_o library_n adjoin_v wherein_o be_v some_o piece_n of_o good_a note_n 3._o pfortzheim_n say_v rhenanus_fw-la pfortzheim_n pfortzheim_n be_v ancient_o call_v orcynheim_n and_o by_o latin_a author_n porta_n hercyniae_fw-la because_o it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o entrance_n into_o the_o schwartzwald_n a_o part_n of_o the_o hercynian_a forest_n as_o you_o travel_v from_o spire_n on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o town_n you_o have_v fair_a meadow_n pasture-ground_n and_o cornfield_n but_o the_o other_o side_n be_v nothing_o but_o mountain_n and_o wood_n this_o town_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o schwaben_n but_o fall_v afterward_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o conradine_n the_o last_o duke_n of_o that_o country_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o baden_n who_o be_v now_o lord_n of_o it_o 4._o gersbach_n be_v a_o town_n of_o no_o great_a extent_n gersbach_n gersbach_n have_v in_o it_o only_o two_o church_n whereof_o one_o be_v frequent_v by_o lutheran_n and_o the_o other_o by_o papist_n the_o marquis_n of_o baden_n as_o count_n of_o eberstein_n a_o castle_n not_o far_o from_o this_o town_n have_v here_o a_o palace_n and_o court_n of_o judicature_n for_o the_o determine_v all_o controversy_n and_o lawsuit_n arise_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o small_a county_n 5._o badenweiler_n a_o city_n betwixt_o freyburg_n and_o basil_n badenweiler_n badenweiler_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o baden_n though_o seat_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o brisach_n the_o hot_a bath_n of_o this_o
the_o opinion_n of_o the_o foresay_a author_n be_v but_o the_o same_o nation_n different_o call_v the_o venedi_n we_o find_v mention_v by_o ptolemy_n as_o a_o great_a people_n long_o before_o seat_v in_o sarmatia_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o sinus_n venedicus_n now_o baltic_a sea_n which_o from_o they_o probable_o take_v its_o name_n as_o do_v likewise_o the_o venedic_n mountain_n situate_a in_o their_o territory_n and_o hartknoch_n suppose_v the_o bulanes_n gythones_n phinni_n etc._n etc._n place_v also_o by_o ptolemy_n over_o against_o these_o venedi_n in_o the_o inland_n country_n of_o poland_n to_o be_v of_o their_o colony_n perhaps_o this_o people_n after_o they_o have_v make_v themselves_o considerable_a by_o their_o conquest_n take_v the_o name_n of_o slavi_n from_o slava_n in_o their_o language_n signify_v fame_n or_o glory_n which_o their_o descendants_n say_v cromerus_n still_o retain_v in_o their_o compound_a name_n as_o stanislaws_a wenceslaws_n etc._n etc._n though_o now_o write_v common_o stanislaus_n wenceslaus_n some_o writer_n will_v have_v the_o venedi_n to_o be_v original_o a_o german_a nation_n yet_o they_o be_v by_o cromerus_n and_o other_o sufficient_o prove_v to_o be_v of_o the_o old_a sarmatae_n or_o sauromatae_n which_o be_v of_o scythian_a extraction_n and_o probable_o bring_v forth_o in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o lake_n maeotis_n the_o fruitful_a womb_n of_o so_o many_o puissant_a nation_n the_o name_n of_o poland_n belong_v proper_o to_o two_o province_n alone_o situation_n situation_n the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a poland_n from_o which_o as_o the_o principal_a part_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n have_v take_v its_o denomination_n it_o lie_v say_v starovolscius_fw-la between_o the_o 38th_o and_o 54th_o degree_n of_o longitude_n count_v from_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o the_o nieper_n or_o boristhenes_n which_o amount_v to_o 250_o polish_v league_n every_o league_n contain_v about_o four_o english_a mile_n but_o the_o podolian_a and_o russian_a be_v somewhat_o long_o the_o high_a elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o most_o northern_a part_n of_o livonia_n subject_n to_o this_o crown_n be_v about_o 58_o deg_fw-la the_o low_a in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o poccuce_n in_o red_a russia_n 48_o deg_fw-la so_o that_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v situate_v between_o the_o seven_o and_o thirteen_o climate_n have_v to_o its_o long_a day_n from_o 16_o to_o near_o 18_o hour_n this_o kingdom_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n by_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o the_o swedish_n livonia_n bound_n bound_n on_o the_o east_n by_o the_o muscovian_a russia_n and_o the_o desert_n of_o tartary_n on_o the_o south_n by_o moldavia_n transilvania_n and_o hungary_n from_o which_o the_o niester_n and_o the_o high_a and_o woody_a carpathian_n mountain_n divide_v it_o on_o the_o west_n by_o silesia_n the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o the_o further_a pomerane_n poland_n be_v a_o even_a champain_n country_n 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it_o be_v well_o store_v with_o tree_n as_o oak_n beech_n fir_n etc._n etc._n not_o only_o profitable_a for_o the_o common_a advantage_n of_o wood_n but_o also_o for_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o honey_n and_o wax_n which_o they_o yearly_o afford_v the_o hollow_a tree_n supply_v hive_n and_o the_o leaf_n and_o wild_a flower_n nourishment_n to_o innumerable_a swarm_n of_o bee_n the_o air_n be_v cold_a even_o to_o that_o extremity_n air._n air._n that_o tree_n be_v oftentimes_o parch_v to_o the_o very_a root_n and_o water_n pour_v down_o freeze_v ere_o it_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o lake_n and_o river_n be_v often_o freeze_v five_o or_o six_o month_n together_o and_o be_v passable_a by_o coach_n and_o cart_n lade_v at_o the_o end_n of_o march_n this_o vehement_a sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n we_o may_v rational_o impute_v to_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o continent_n and_o the_o opacousness_n of_o the_o overspreading_a wood_n yet_o notwithstanding_o orchard_n and_o garden_n be_v very_o frequent_a and_o plentiful_o store_v with_o fruit_n and_o flower_n as_o excellent_a in_o their_o kind_n as_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n this_o country_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n plain_a mine_n mine_n abound_v not_o in_o mineral_n yet_o some_o mine_n there_o be_v as_o of_o lead_n and_o iron_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o quicksilver_n at_o tustan_n in_o red_a russia_n of_o vitriol_n near_o biecz_n in_o cracovia_n but_o the_o most_o considerable_a of_o all_o be_v the_o salt-mine_n at_o bochnia_n and_o velisca_n in_o the_o lesser_a poland_n which_o be_v the_o great_a enrichment_n not_o only_o of_o the_o country_n but_o of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n also_o they_o descend_v into_o the_o mine_n with_o long_a rope_n as_o we_o into_o our_o coal-pit_n and_o there_o dig_v out_o great_a mass_n of_o salt_n in_o street_n leave_v so_o much_o interstitium_fw-la as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o sustain_v the_o earth_n it_o be_v general_o of_o a_o bluish_a colour_n yet_o some_o be_v white_a and_o transparent_a like_o crystal_n when_o it_o be_v new_o get_v it_o have_v a_o bitterish_a taste_n but_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n become_v sweet_a as_o also_o more_o heavy_a and_o brittle_a in_o these_o mine_n be_v small_a fountain_n of_o salt_n water_n which_o boil_v with_o piece_n of_o the_o rock_n yield_v great_a quantity_n of_o excellent_a salt_n they_o have_v also_o some_o vein_n of_o sal_fw-la gemmae_fw-la and_o of_o another_o mineral_n resemble_v hard_a pitch_n call_v by_o they_o carbunculus_fw-la as_o cromerus_n say_v which_o take_v in_o powder_n purge_v in_o the_o deep_a cavern_n of_o the_o mine_n the_o workman_n be_v say_v sometime_o to_o hear_v voice_n like_o those_o of_o cock_n dog_n and_o other_o animal_n which_o they_o esteem_v a_o bad_a omen_n the_o chief_a river_n of_o poland_n be_v 1._o rivers_n rivers_n the_o weissel_n mention_v in_o author_n under_o the_o different_a name_n of_o vistula_n visula_n visla_n justilla_n istula_n and_o vandalus_n it_o rise_v in_o the_o duchy_n of_o teschen_n in_o silesia_n out_o of_o the_o mountain_n carpathus_n now_o crapack_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o hungary_n whence_o run_v to_o cracow_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n and_o there_o become_v navigable_a by_o the_o accession_n of_o other_o stream_n it_o continue_v its_o course_n eastward_o to_o sandomiria_n and_o thence_o northward_o to_o warzaw_v in_o masovia_n afterward_o wind_v for_o some_o league_n westward_o to_o thorn_n in_o prussia_n it_o turn_v again_o to_o the_o north_n and_o at_o the_o island_n grosswerder_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o stream_n empty_v itself_o by_o the_o one_o into_o the_o bay_n frischhaff_a and_o by_o the_o other_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o head_n of_o this_o river_n lie_v in_o 49_o deg_fw-la 20_o min._n of_o latitude_n and_o its_o mouth_n in_o 54_o but_o both_o in_o 41_o deg_fw-la of_o longitude_n its_o course_n be_v above_o 100_o polish_v mile_n it_o divide_v ancient_o the_o european_a sarmatia_n from_o germany_n 2._o the_o warta_n rise_v near_o cromolow_v in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracovia_n under_o 40_o deg_fw-la 50_o min._n of_o longitude_n and_o 50_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n of_o latitude_n and_o from_o thence_o take_v a_o wind_a course_n to_o the_o northwest_n wash_v the_o town_n of_o olstin_n warta_n posna_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o great_a poland_n and_o near_o costrin_n fall_v into_o the_o other_o 3._o notez_fw-fr which_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n goblo_fw-mi in_o the_o great_a poland_n and_o after_o a_o long_a course_n to_o the_o southwestward_o near_o dresen_fw-mi discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o warta_n 4._o the_o niester_n or_o tyras_n of_o the_o ancient_n which_o take_v its_o rise_n out_o of_o the_o sarmatian_a mountain_n near_o the_o head_n of_o san_n run_v at_o first_o to_o the_o north_n then_o wind_v eastward_o and_o enlarge_v with_o many_o lesser_a river_n water_n the_o province_n of_o pocutia_n separate_v both_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a
podolia_n from_o moldavia_n and_o in_o the_o province_n of_o bessarabia_n empty_v itself_o into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n 5._o bug_n or_o bugus_n rise_v in_o red_a russia_n near_o the_o town_n olesco_n at_o stroczacz_n enter_v the_o narva_n nor_o be_v it_o long_o after_o that_o ere_o the_o narva_n itself_o roll_z into_o the_o weissel_n this_o narva_n be_v say_v to_o have_v this_o peculiar_a quality_n that_o no_o venomous_a creature_n will_v live_v in_o its_o stream_n insomuch_o that_o serpent_n stick_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o boat_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o bug_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o enter_v narva_n will_v give_v a_o hiss_n and_o scud_v away_o with_o all_o the_o speed_n they_o can_v 6._o san_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o sarmatian_a mountain_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o weissel_n near_o sandomiria_n 7._o nieman_n call_v by_o the_o german_n memel_fw-la by_o the_o ancient_n chronos_n it_o rise_v in_o the_o duchy_n of_o sluczko_n in_o black_a russia_n run_v also_o through_o litvania_n and_o prussia_n at_o length_n flow_v into_o the_o lake_n kurisch-haff_a and_o so_o into_o the_o baltic_a call_v perhaps_o from_o hence_o the_o chronian_a sea_n 8._o the_o dzwina_n or_o dwina_n name_v of_o old_a rubon_n and_o since_o by_o the_o latin_n duna_n which_o spring_v in_o the_o muscovian_a russia_n and_o after_o a_o course_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o league_n through_o russia_n litvania_n and_o livonia_n throw_v itself_o into_o the_o same_o sea_n two_o league_n from_o riga_n the_o metropolis_n of_o livonia_n beside_o these_o we_o may_v reckon_v the_o river_n bog_n or_o boh_o the_o hypanis_n of_o the_o greek_n which_o take_v its_o origine_fw-la from_o a_o lake_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o podolia_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o nieper_n the_o big_a poland_n cujavia_n laker_n laker_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o lublin_n have_v several_a great_a and_o remarkable_a lake_n abound_v with_o fresh_a fish_n of_o all_o sort_n the_o chief_a of_o they_o be_v goplo_n five_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o briale_n or_o the_o white_a lake_n so_o call_v by_o a_o antiphrasis_n because_o that_o in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n and_o may_v it_o die_v the_o skin_n of_o those_o that_o wash_v in_o it_o of_o a_o swart_a colour_n the_o wood_n in_o poland_n be_v well_o store_v in_o most_o place_n with_o hare_n coney_n squirrel_n beast_n beast_n dear_a and_o fox_n and_o in_o many_o part_n with_o bear_n wolf_n and_o boar_n of_o amphibious_a beast_n they_o have_v castor_n otter_n and_o as_o some_o of_o that_o country_n affirm_v a_o sort_n of_o white_a bear_n which_o live_v very_o frequent_o in_o the_o water_n the_o masovian_a forest_n be_v store_v with_o elk_n wild_a ass_n vri_n which_o dr._n charleton_n interpret_v we_o and_o the_o bisontes_n jubati_n by_o some_o render_v buff_n these_o bisontes_n according_a to_o aldrovandus_n in_o their_o shape_n and_o horn_n resemble_v a_o ox_n but_o have_v mains_fw-fr like_o a_o horse_n beard_n on_o their_o low_a jaw_n tongue_n rough_a like_o a_o file_n and_o very_o hard_a a_o bunch_n upon_o their_o back_n and_o their_o hair_n smell_v like_o musk_n they_o be_v of_o incredible_a strength_n some_o affirm_v that_o they_o will_v toss_v a_o man_n and_o horse_n into_o the_o air_n the_o polish_v nobility_n hunt_v they_o and_o esteem_v their_o flesh_n powder_v a_o great_a dainty_a the_o vrus_n or_o hour_n call_v by_o the_o polander_v there_z be_v a_o kind_n of_o wild_a ox_n much_o big_a swift_a and_o strong_a than_o the_o tame_a have_v a_o short_a black_a beard_n a_o bush_n of_o hair_n upon_o his_o forehead_n and_o horn_n excessive_a large_a and_o wide_a of_o which_o pliny_n say_v the_o roman_n make_v lantern_n girdle_n of_o his_o skin_n be_v say_v to_o be_v helpful_a to_o woman_n in_o travail_n the_o elk_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n loss_n by_o the_o german_n ellend_n that_o be_v miserable_a because_o of_o the_o falling-sickness_n with_o which_o it_o be_v trouble_v be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o large_a horse_n body_v like_o a_o stag_n but_o broad_a its_o leg_n long_o foot_n large_a and_o cleave_a the_o hoof_n whereof_o be_v account_v a_o great_a medicine_n against_o the_o falling-sickness_n in_o the_o desert_n near_o boristhenes_n sig._n herberstein_n say_v there_o be_v a_o wild_a sheep_n call_v by_o the_o polander_v solhac_n shape_v like_o a_o goat_n but_o with_o short_a leg_n and_o horn_n grow_v straight_o up_o it_o be_v exceed_o swift_a and_o leap_v very_o high_a they_o have_v also_o a_o sort_n of_o wild_a horse_n in_o the_o vkrain_n call_v by_o they_o dzikie-konie_a which_o the_o noble_n eat_v for_o a_o great_a rarity_n in_o lithvania_n and_o muscovy_n be_v a_o voracious_a unserviceable_a beast_n not_o see_v in_o any_o other_o country_n as_o mat._n a_o michovia_n tell_v we_o call_v rossomaka_n which_o have_v the_o body_n and_o tail_n of_o a_o wolf_n the_o face_n of_o a_o cat_n and_o feed_v on_o dead_a carcase_n when_o it_o have_v find_v one_o it_o never_o leave_v eat_v till_o its_o belly_n be_v swell_v to_o the_o utmost_a stretch_n then_o seek_v out_o some_o narrow_a passage_n between_o two_o tree_n and_o by_o squeeze_v its_o body_n through_o force_v out_o the_o load_n of_o its_o stomach_n afterward_o return_v to_o its_o prey_n devour_v and_o disgorge_v successive_o till_o all_o be_v consume_v the_o hart-like-wolf_n or_o european_a lynx_n call_v by_o the_o latin_n lupus_n cervarius_n and_o by_o the_o native_n rise_v with_o spot_n on_o its_o belly_n and_o leg_n afford_v the_o best_a fur_n in_o poland_n though_o the_o country_n be_v well_o stock_v with_o martron_n they_o have_v neither_o camel_n tame_a ass_n nor_o mule_n which_o beast_n thrive_v not_o in_o cold_a country_n but_o be_v compensated_a with_o great_a plenty_n of_o excellent_a horse_n which_o be_v very_o fair_a and_o large_a pace_v almost_o natural_o and_o surpass_v the_o german_a horse_n in_o swiftness_n though_o they_o come_v short_a of_o the_o turkish_a those_o of_o lithvania_n be_v inferior_a to_o the_o polish_v in_o bigness_n strength_n and_o beauty_n fowl_n both_o tame_a and_o wild_a be_v nowhere_o more_o plentiful_a then_o in_o this_o kingdom_n it_o be_v needless_a to_o reckon_v up_o their_o several_a kind_n since_o i_o find_v none_o peculiar_a to_o this_o nation_n save_v only_o the_o quail_n of_o podolia_n which_o have_v green_a leg_n who_o flesh_n be_v very_o unwholesome_a and_o if_o immoderate_o eat_v breed_v the_o cramp_n the_o polander_n be_v general_o of_o a_o good_a complexion_n flaxen-haired_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o tall_a of_o stature_n the_o man_n for_o the_o most_o part_n corpulent_a and_o personable_a the_o woman_n slender_a and_o beautiful_a disdain_v the_o help_n of_o art_n and_o fucus_n to_o set_v they_o off_o they_o be_v natural_o open-hearted_n and_o candid_a more_o apt_a to_o be_v deceive_v then_o to_o deceive_v not_o so_o easy_o provoke_v as_o appease_v neither_o arrogant_a nor_o obstinate_a but_o very_o tractable_a if_o they_o be_v gentle_o and_o prudent_o manage_v they_o be_v chief_o lead_v by_o example_n be_v dutiful_a to_o their_o prince_n and_o magistrate_n and_o very_o much_o incline_v to_o civility_n and_o hospitality_n especial_o to_o stranger_n who_o custom_n and_o manner_n they_o be_v forward_o to_o imitate_v the_o gentleman_n who_o be_v all_o noble_a take_v delight_n in_o keep_v great_a sore_n of_o horse_n and_o arms._n they_o entertain_v a_o multitude_n of_o servant_n many_o of_o which_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o follow_v they_o but_o disdain_v any_o mean_a office_n and_o sit_v with_o their_o master_n at_o table_n the_o principal_a senator_n march_v whether_o on_o foot_n or_o horseback_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o retinue_n put_v the_o best_a clad_v before_o they_o the_o daughter_n always_o walk_v before_o their_o mother_n as_o in_o italy_n and_o the_o unmarried_a sister_n before_o the_o marry_a the_o education_n of_o their_o youth_n be_v more_o loose_a and_o negligent_a then_o in_o other_o their_o neighbour_a country_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n good_a nature_n and_o virtuous_a inclination_n supply_v that_o defect_n though_o they_o hate_v the_o greek_a tongue_n and_o will_v not_o suffer_v their_o child_n to_o learn_v it_o lest_o they_o shall_v imbibe_n also_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o greek_n yet_o they_o covet_v nothing_o more_o than_o to_o have_v they_o well_o instruct_v in_o the_o latin_a so_o that_o in_o no_o part_n of_o italy_n not_o in_o rome_n itself_o shall_v a_o man_n meet_v with_o so_o many_o that_o be_v able_a to_o converse_v in_o latin_a as_o here_o even_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o wealthy_a citizen_n at_o home_o or_o in_o monastery_n be_v teach_v to_o write_v and_o read_v as_o well_o the_o latin_a as_o their_o native_a language_n when_o they_o grow_v to_o year_n of_o maturity_n and_o not_o before_o they_o be_v put_v to_o learn_v