Emperor of a Nymph leaning near a River judged by some to be Cleopatra and of Laocoon the Trojan with his two Sons enveloped in the twistings of the Serpents a piecemuch applauded by Pliny cut out of one entire Stone which that it might receive as excelling shapes and forms as could be carved by industry or Art Agesandro Polidoro and Asenodoro three rare Rodian Sculptors applyed their joynt Industry study pains This curious Sculpture was preserved by miracle of Fortune at the destruction of the Palace of Titus Vespasian the Emperour as also of the River Tevere or Tyber with the Wolâ—…e giving suck to Romulus and Remus carved out of one tire Stone and likewise the great Nilus leaning on a Sphinx on the heigth whereof stand sixteen Children denoting the sixteen Cubits of the increase of that River observed by the AEgyptians and every one of those Children is in such manner figured that it excellently describes the effect which at that rise and increase it wrought on the Land of AEgypt sa for example the sixteenth Child is placed upon a shoulder of the River with a basket of flowers and fruits upon its head and this Child signifies that the increase of the River to the sixteenth Cubit enriches the Earth to the production of great plenty of Fruit and brings gladness to it The 15th signifies that all is secure and well and the 14th brings joyfulness but all the other increases under 14. are unhappy and miserable as Pliny observes in the ninth Chapter of his fifth Book of Natural Histories and moreover some Creatures which are only proper to that Countrey with its plants called Calamo a Cane Colo Cassia AEgyptian Bean and Papiro called Papir Reed whereof they were wont to make great leaves to write on thereof was the first paper made thence as is supposed was that name borrowed which are no where to be found out of AEgypt no more than the Monsters to wit Hippotami or the Sea Horse whose Feet are like an Ox back and mayn like a Horse tusks like a Boar with a long winding tayl Ichneumoni the Indian or AEgyptian Ratt whose property is to creep into the Crocodiles Mouth when he gapeth to eat his Bowels and so kill him Trochili a Sea-foul friend to the Crocodil somewhat like to a wagtail or Sea Wood cock Ibidi the black stork a Bird in AEgypt which hath stiff Leggs and a long Bill wherewith when its sick it administreth it self a Glister of Sea Water Sciachi Land Crocodiles Crocodrili Sea Crocodiles which can only move the upper Jaw or Chaps And also the pourtraits of the Terrositi a generation of Pigmies or dwarfs incessant Men perpetual Enemies of the Crocodiles whereof Pliny in the 25th Chapter of his eighth Book of Natural Histories treats at large together with many other singular Statues in the said gardens of Belvedere which when seen thorowly examined and understood by intelligent Persons yeeld them great delight and satisfaction In the Bâ—…th of Pope Pius the 4th is a work of great esteem being an Ocean cut out of the fairest Marble The Antients thought the Ocean to be Prince of the Waters and Father of all things a Friend to Prometheus And that by means of the humidity and liquidness of the Waters all things seem to generate from Seeds with the assistance of the Heavens therefore they believed that every thing received Life from Water with the favourable friendship of the temperat Genius of the Caelestial Bodies This figure hath the Body covered with a thin vail whereby they would signifie that the Sea shrouds the Heavens with Clouds of its own vapours meaning by the Sea the whole generation of waters and they denote the Earths being covered with plants by the Hairs beard and ordinary skinns beingall figured by the leaves of divers tender Plants It hath two horns placed upon the Forehead First because the Sea provoked by the winds roars like a Bull and secondly because the Sea is governed by the Moons motion which they called Cornuta thirdly because the Sea is called Father of Fountains and Rivers which they figured Cornuti or horned In its right hand is put the Rudder of a Ship in token that the Waters by means of the Ships being guided by these Rudders are furrowed as best likes the Pilot of which Comodity they feigned Prometheus to be the Inventor they have placed it upon a Maritine Monster to demonstrate that the Sea is generator of many wonderfull Monsters One of which to the purpose is seen in Rome in the Antique marble sphere of Atlas placed among the celestial signes upon this very occasion T is said that Andromada contending for beauty with the Nymphs of the Sea being overcome was by them given to this Monster which devoured her out of whose body slain on the shore of Perseus who would have saved that Virgin there issued so much blood that it dyed the Sea red whence that Sea was afterwards called Citreo or the Red Sea for all which the Citreo is not that gulfe which is vulgarly called the red Sea but is that part of the Ocean affianced to the Gulph which washes Arabia on the South but now to our relation of Rome The first and cheif part whereof to be visited through devotion are the 7. principal Churches and then the others in their order wherein are preserved infinite reliques of Saints and some remarkable Ones of the holy Jesus our Lord and Saviour as the the Towel of Santa Veronica with the effigies of Christ the Speer of Longinus wherewith he was run into the Breast One of those Nayls wherewith our Lord was nayled to the Cross. One of those thirty pence which as the price of Treason were given to Iudas the Traitor by the wicked Jews all which you are obliged particularly to search out as exceeding singularities not elsewhere to be found Of ROME the Old and ROME the New and of its admirable Excellencies ROME formerly the Empress of the World cannot be enough praised Her power was so great her Riches so immense her subjects so innumerable her Territories and Dominions so vast That well might Saint Hierome in his three wishes for intermixing that concerning her with so divine things be pardonable which three wishes were To have seen our Saviour in the flesh to have heard Saint Paul preach and to have seen Rome in her Glory which had so spread her self over the whole Earth that a perfect Idea of her cannot be comprehended and must needs have been the happiest sight that mortal eye could attain to But when considered what she was and how since devoured by fire by the insatiable Nero and how pillaged sacked and thousands of mischiefs done her by the Barbarous at the decay of the Roman Empire One may well wonder how the new Rome should be even emulous to exceed the Old Being at this day the Queen of Cities the Flower of Italy and as one may say an Epitome of the whole Earth
testifies in the 15th book of his Annals whose vast foundations remain to this day under their old name neare the Temple of Venus That of Pompey they say was on the third Mountain between the Avernus and the contiguous Tritullian hot baths whence the surname they yet retain and there some yeers since was found a statue of Pompey The Villa Academica of Marcus Tullius CICERO Pliny in the second Chapter of his thirty first book declares that the Villa of Cicero made so famous by his writings was in these quarters between the Avernus and Pozzuolo upon the Sea shore with a most delicious grove and a spacious hall to walk in wherefore Cicero called it an Academy in imitation of that at Athens wherein they ordinarily disputed walking Here Cicero made his sepulchres and so much was he pleased with it that he often spoke of it and entitled some of his books from it Questiones Academicae Academick questions Atticus being in Athens Cicero in almost every letter recommended his Academy that he might send to him from Greece whatever could be had for ennobling it with fair ornaments wherein Atticus failed not according to the occasions in statues pictures and other the like ornaments Whence Cicero in his Epistle ad Attiticum praiseth his diligence and the things sent him Cicero being retired hither in the calamitous times of the Republique to spend away the time toyl and troubles with Books many of the Principal Romans repaired thither to visit him and take some counsel Of them was C. Caesar after the victory he obtained in the civil warr C. Octavius the Successour of Julius yet before he made himself Emperour with infinite others but after that Cicero was banished the Villa Academica was possessed by C. Antistius who was the Legat of Caesar and followed his faction in the civil wars A little after Ciceroes death in his Villa sprung up fountains of hot water good among other things for the eyes and sight celebrated by Tullius Taureus the freeman of Cicero with an Epigram set down among the works of Pliny who wrote this successe and judged that Epigram worthy of memory We must believe that this Villa stood where now the Stadio is taking that name from the length of Ciceroes hall whose ruines yet remain so distinctly as that it may be measured how long t was and although this Stadio seem to stand too far from the Sea in respect of that we read touching Ciceroes Academy yet this will not create any difficulty since the Sea may be in so long a space of time through divers causes retired because truely this Villa in Ciceroes time stood over water at leastwise conducted from the Sea by certain channels so that he eating at table might cast into the waters for the fish to eat angle and fish at his pleasure The hot fountains are extant in a neere field in a cavern underground at the root of the hill which are also of wonderfull nature because they increase and decrease according to the flowing and ebbing of the sea by day and by night in their increase they cast abundance of water into the bath and when full part of the water returns to the fountain and part runs into the Sea by a certain small chanel or gutter made to that purpose This Bath vulgarly called Bagno Ciceroniano the Ciceronian bath and by phisicians Praetense or Tritulliano is as gallant and entire an antiquity as any in the Tract of Pozzuolo These waters were so soveraign not many years since over most diseases that over every bath was written for what cures t was good of which inscription some letters yet stand but the phisicians of Palermo as they tell the story finding those waters prejudicial to their custom went with instruments expresly demolish't those writings so that for the present they are unusefull the said phisicians being all cast away in their return Thus much shall suffice touching Ciceroes famous Villa for that Leander and other writers treat sufficiently of its nature and others thereabouts From the commencement of Ciceroes Academical questions is comprehended that the Villa of Ter. Varro a most learned Roman was not far distant but the determinate place is unknown The Villa of SERVILIUS VATIA SEneca demonstrates in his fifty second Epistle to Lucullus that on the shore between Cuma and the Lake Avernus stood the Villa of Servilius Vatia the magnificence and vastness of which Fabrick may be comprehended from the fragments yet extant He saies two Caves were here built with great expence into the one whereof the Sun never entred and on the other it shone from morning to night into which ran a delicious water through as pleasant a Meadow with many Fish Hither Servilius a noble and rich Man retired himself at such time as Tiberius Caesar afflicted many noble Romans and applyed himself to honest Labour far from Rome in peace for which he was styled happy and obtained the fame of knowledge in his affaires above others by that meanes avoyding dangers Touching the dead and other notable things others have abundantly writ let this therefore suffice for the purpose of the Baianian celebrious Villa's since of the other particulars in the times of those old Roman Princes t is impossible to treat exactly all things being so wholly ruinated and destroyed that scarce any footsteps remain The old City of BAIA The most fair foundations and pitched Piazzaes of the old City Baia lye underneath the waters scarce any fragments remaining on the Land but in the neighbouring Mountains in every corner lye baths hot baths and structures of Admirable Architecture notwithstanding that many great Fabricks were burnt many thrown down by earthquakes and many swallowed up by the Earth In the Sea may be clearly seen the great old Piles of the Port of Baia like those of Pozzuolo built of Brick with intollerable expence which now seem like Rocks as do the enclosures and foundations which of old stood for defence of the Lakes Lucrinus and Avernus against the storms of the Sea which was genenerally believed to be made in this manner to wit that Hercules by his strength upon two carts abrest drew as large a peice of Earth as was requisite and that a mile in length to the place and there fixed it and therefore Posterity for a perpetual remembrance and acknowledgement of so great a benefit erected to him a Round Temple near Bauli whereof some fragments yet are extant But afterwards that repair being wasted by the Sea C. Caesar again restored and bettered it as may be collected from Virgils Georgicks and from Servius his Commentator with whose opinion Suetonius seems to accord saying that Augustus perfected the Julian Port near Baia whence t is supposed that Julius Caesar had first setled it which must have been in his first Consuâ—…lship by Commission of the Senate who gave him that charge at the instance of the Receivers of the Customs and Tolls upon their allegation that the
customes and Tolls much decayed in value through the ruine of that Port which was afterwards called Julia from the Reaccomodators name Julius Caesar. So saies Servius upon these verses in the second of the Georgicks An memorem potius Lucrinoque addita claustra Atque indignatum magnis stridoribus aequor Julia qua Ponto longe sonat unda refuso Tyrrhenusque immittitur aestus Avernis A wonderfull Adventure In our times that is in the yeer 1538 those adjacent Fields and places being for two whole yeers before shaken moved and disturbed in the end the night of the twenty ninth day of September between the foot of the mountain Gaurus and the Sea near the aforesaid Lakes there arose a new mountain called Monte Novo a mile high in the upright which now is in circuit at the bottome four mile A miraculous thing to fall out in one night At the birth of this mountain the shore and the waters of the Sea retired the space of two hundred spaces one great and entire town called Tripergolano was entirely swallowed up by the Vorago and gulf of the earth with some of its baths which were very celebrious and the near Lakes Avernus and Lucrinus were almost filled up with stones earth and ashes This was thought to have proceeded from the ashes which came out of Sulfatara how many other old memorials this new mountain hath covered cannot be known On the top of it is a large mouth about 50. paces in circuit which at the beginning vomited out fire at the bottome whereof are now found warm waters The Lake AVERNUS THe Lake Avernus hath been illustrated by the most esteemed Poets and diligently described by Strabo and other Historians for the Fables sake which the Antients gave credit to appropriated to it For this was consecrated to Pluto the God of hell Hereabouts as Fame went was the Poets Acheron or descent into hell and here was the gate of hell thorough which they caused to rise the infernal Spirits when any humane creature was sacrificed unto them And hence the Gimerian Priests the antient Inhabitants of this place sent down by certain Caverns into hell to find Pluto such Travellers and strangers as came to be resolved in any questions or to receive counsel or answer from Pluto To this day the vulgar believe that through the Caverns in the neighbouring hill hence denominated Monte della Sibylla one may descend to the subterranean residence of the Sibylla Cumana and that there she is seen and consulted by many which things Leandrus Albertus in his Italia diligently advertiseth Lactantius saieth that she among the other Sybils prophesyed of Christ. The Inhabitants further hold for certain that Christ returning from Limbus with the souls of the holy Fathers arose out of the earth through a certain mountain near the Lake Averuus and the Monte Novo and therefore they call that Mountain by the name of Monte di Christo which opinion some old Poets confirm writing of the Baths of Pozzuolo Est locus effregit quo portas Christus Averno Et sanctos traxit lucidus inde Patres And another Est locus Australis quà Portam Christus Averni Fregit et eduxit mortuos inde suos T was also believed by the multitude of hot waters springing out all over those quarters that this Lake reached to a vein of the infernal waters and therefore called Palude Acherosia the Acherontick Fenns from which Maro disagrees not when he saies Quando hic inferni janua regis Dicitur et tenebrosa Palus Acheronte refuso Though in truth this false opinion was augmented by the natural quality of the places and other circumstances to wit some rare and stupendious miracles which have there come to passe Then as to the Avernus know it lies in a low Valley almost surrounded by high hills clothed of old with thick and heavy Trees capable to keep out the wind Whence the Lake was not frequented by any but emitting an unwholsome sulphurous stink it so infected the air above it by being so closely 〈◊〉 by mountains and woods that Birds flying over it fell down dead and thence t was named by the Latins Avernus that is to say without Birds So also may we collect from Livy that in old time this Vale was a horrid place and esteemed altogether inaccessable for saith he the Romans waging war against the Samniti the enemies when the Romans put them to flight by whole Armies retreated into the Woods in the said Vale as to secure places But Strabo writes not so of it in his time but saies that then this vale and nearer hills were delitious places in respect Augustus had caused the woods to be felled and a free passage opened to the air At present the Lake is full of fish and water-foul nor hath it any of those incommodities attributed to it by the antients Yet t is true that not many ages since a vein of sulphurous pestilential water gushed out of the bottome of the Lake which suddenly killed a world of fish their colour and smell being cast on the earth confirming that to be the cause of their death Joannes Boccaccius in his little tract of Lakes saies he saw it with his own eyes in the time of King Robert about the yeeer 1380. The Sybil Cumana was she which gave AEneas free passage into hell as Virgilâ—…aith â—…aith she was called Cumana of the City of Cuma here under treated of and was one of the twelve Sybils all which prophesyed of Christ though some more obscurely yet two so fully that with submission I shall here insert somewhat of their prophecies touching the Saviour of Mankind SIBILLA CUMANA GReat Rome shall then look high Whose proud Towers from seaven hills shall brave the sky And overlook the world In those blest daies Shall come a King of Kings and he shall raise A new Plantation and though greater far Then all the Monarchs that before him are In Majesty and power yet in that day So 〈◊〉 and humble he shall daign to pay Tribute to Caesar yet thrice happy he That shall his subject or his servant be And the SIBILLA ERITHRAEA to this effect THe times by the great Oracle assigned When God himself in pity of mankind Shall from the heaven descend and be incarnate Entring the world a Lamb immaculate And as himself in wisdâ—…m thinks it meet Walk on the Earth on three and thirty feet And with six fingers all his subjects then Though a King mighty shall be Fishermen In number twelve with these war shall be tride Against the Devil world and flesh their Pride Humility shall quell and the sharp sword With which they fight shall be the sacred word Establish't upon Peter which foundation Once laied shall be divulg'd to every Nation At one side of the Lake Avernus is the Temple of Apollo at the other this Sibilla Cumana her Grott which is very spatious having at the end a magnificent ascent where the oracle stood with
Pollux and Helena ravished by Paris of the other Castor and Clytemnestra Thence the hill a pleasant descent is reduced into four long Piazzaes and so levelled contains before the front of the palace four great and spatious gardens into each of which at each end and in the middle three pair of stone stairs artificially composed conduct by a facile descent whose sides are bathed by divers purling streams running towards their Lakes Every garden is divided in its orders hath places to sit in and fair collumnes erected in divers parts so that such as go walking from one part to another through places and passages covered over with leaves and vines and other verts alwaies flourishing enjoy a most beautifull prospect and no less sweet odours from the circumjacent flowers which make a pompous shew In the appartments growes fresh grasse which with the flowers by their variety wonderfully entertain the eye and fancy of whoever regard them nor can any satiate himself in the view of those infinite and wonderfull statues pillars Fountains and other objects there presenting themselves The passage from the Piazza before the Palace on the right hand leads through divers walks trees and small groves wherein are placed several Fountains as that of Tothyde that of AEsculapius that of Nigga that of Aretusa and Pandora and that of Pomona and Flora. In the descent into the first garden shews it self the Colossus of Pegasus in Pamosso a horse feigned to have wings under whose shadow a fair Fountain casteth up her waters very high and in the wood rocks is a Cavern and near them a statue of Venus Bacchus near which is a Lake into which some rivolets run among rocks with a murmuring noise between two Colossus one of the Sibilla Tiburtina the other of Melicerta the son of Athamas and Ino whom the Gentiles did honour for one of the Gods of the Sea Below which lye the statues of the Rivers Aniene and Herculano conjoined to certain vessels out of which some waters run into the Lake as also out of the Urns round which stand ten Nymphs In the midst are two Grotts the one of the Sibilla Tiburtina the other of Diana the Goddesse of the woods both which are adorned with fountains statues Curral mother of Pearl and a pavement exactly wrought with mosaick work On the other side of the garden you have a fair prospect of Rome in a semicircle round which appear her most memorable Fabricks and in the midst sits Rome in the habit of a warlike Goddesse between her seaven hills this statue is of marble bigger then a man in shape of a Virgin in a short girt coat with naked hands military buskins and a sword hanging in a belt from the right shoulder Her head is covered with a murrion in her right hand she holds a spear in the left a shield she sits as aforesaid in the midst of her wonders in the City and on every side appear her sacred Fabricks as the Pantheon the Capitolian Temples the Circs the Theatres the Amphitheatres the Collumnes the Obelisks the Mauseoli the Arches Triumphant the Pyramides the Acqueducts the Baths the River Tyber with the wolf and Twin Brothers pouring water into the City out of an urn in the midst of which running waters riseth an Island cut in the shape of a ship which bears on the main yard an Obelisk and the ship seems to be laden with these four Temples the Temple of AEsculapius in the poope and those of Jupiter Berecinta and Faustus it beares in the prow Thence descending to the lower garden you find on the left hand in a semy circle called the great a green grove placed between certain Rocks amid which run fountains this may be called the residence for birds for on the arms of the trees you see many images of little birds singing more sweetly then the natural who clap their wings as if alive receiving their motion from the aire and the waters with miraculous artifice by means of certain little reeds hid in the armes of the trees sometimes to please the spectators they will make a screech owle to appear and then on a suddain as if the birds were sensible of fear they are all silent but that again withdrawn in an instant they all begin their notes and sing most melodiously In the middle of this garden is a round standing water Lake and in it a capacious vessel and a fountain named from the Dragons which vomit out of their throats great store of waters having trumpets in their hands which also emit plentifull waters with a horrid noise imitating the sound of the trumpet On the right hand lies the Grotto of Nature adorned with many statues and in it an Organ with fair pipes the which perform an harmonious consort of various and artificial musick by the motion of the waters The next garden is not only beautifyed by the fair fountains but by the quantity of Swans and fish preserved in their several stations separated with rare artifice In the three greater fountains are certain Beacons called Sudanti and other boundaries round them which cast water very high in such quantities that in their fall they seem natural showers refreshing the air and cooling the earth making noise of waters in their fall as if the winds were high sprinkling and washing at a good distance In the midst of these conserves you see the effigies of the great Father Oceanus placed in a semicircle like a Theatre and in the middle thereof a marble chariot like that of the Venus Marina drawn by foure Sea horses on which sits a great Neptune seeming to threaten with his Trident. Lastly descending into the last garden near the rock you find in one part a Fountain of Triton and on the other a Fountain of Venus Clonina and in the rest of the level besides the Pescheries four Labyrinths difficult enough for any one to get out of that 's once in placed one by another in foure compartments amidst forreign plants The entrance and outlet of these gardens are embellisht with great Fabricks built of Tiburtine stone with great expence Thus much concerning the Villa of Tivoli of Cardinal Hippolito E stense The noble sepulchre of Cardinal Hippolito da Este in the Church will recompence your pains in the sight of it being composed with marble of various colours on it stands a great white marble statue of the said Cardinal of great cost and fair appearance The Castle also affords many worthy objects but what is more considerable is the precipitous descent of the River which falls with such noise and fury from high cliffs of mountains that for the most part its vapours render the air foggie and many times at a distance there seem to hang celestial rainbowes cloudes being at most times over it This River infamed by the writings of the antient takes its rise at the mountain of the Trebani and runs into three noble Lakes which give name to the adjacent castle called
principal Sculptors of their times and preserved in the Palace of Titus Vespasianus and found in his seaven Halls Some space from which lies Cleopatra ready to give up the Ghost of so exact workmanship and polite Marble that underneath the Marble Garments which seem to lie over the whole body the Limbs and shape of the person do perfectly appear In the same Palace and Gardens which are five some in Terrace others low beside the aforenamed not a few nor mean Vessels and statues present themselves as gratefull Objects to the Visitants thereof As to pass by others a Fountain made after a rustick manner round which stand feigned Gods and Sea Monsters very well represented Together with the Images of Pope Paulus the 2 and the Emperor Charls the 5th drawn by the hand of Michael Angelo and a statue of one of the Curiatii which is a fair one and stands where the Switzers keep their Guard In the Armory are Arms and all accomplishments for 35000. men horse and foot and over the door of it is this Motto Urbanus VIII Literis arma Armis Literas In the Constantine Hall to pass over the other things which are infinite are painted several picturs drawn by the principal Painters in all Ages chiefly the Battel fought at the Ponte Milvio and the victory obtained there by Constantine against Maxentius the work of Raphael Stantio of Urbin In the Gallery Pope Gregory the 13th for the benefit of the Popes to his great cost caused all the Provinces Regions and Chief Cities of the whole World to be artificially and exactly lymned annexing to each Province in a sweet style its Encomion This Pallace was begun by Nicholas the third augmented by his successors finished by Iulius the second Leo the 10th garnished and beautified with Pictures and other Ornaments by Sixtus the 5th and Clement the 8th so that at this day it remains a stately Receptacle for his holiness and a worthy object for all Forreigners Of the Church of Saint Peter on the VATICANO THis hath meritoriously its place among the seaven Principal and the Library Churches of Rome and will therefore require breifer account here T is the most famous and splendid of Rome On that part which is ascended by steps is a Pillar erected compassed about with Iron barrs and this inscription on it Haec est illa Columna in qua Dominus noster Iesus Christus apodiatus dum popâ—…lo praedicabat Deo Patri in Templo preceseffundebat adhaerendo stabat quae una cum aliis undecim hîc circumstantibus de Salomonis templo in triumphum hujus Basilicae hîc locata fuit In this Temple is likewise preserved the head of Saint Andrew the Apostle and the spear which was run into the side of our Saviour when he hung upon the Cross It was sent as a gratefull present to Pope Innocent the 8th by the Turkish Emperour Here also is the Porta Sancta which is never opened but in the yeer of Iubile and that finished is shut again Which shall suffice to avoid Repetition To the Church of Saint Peter is joyned the little Church of Santa Petronilla formerlâ—… a Temple of Apollo as that of Santa Maria della febre was of Mars in the Piazza of Saint Peter stands the Obelisk translated thither from the Circ of Nero in the yeer 1586. at the Instance and cost oâ—… Sixtus the 5th where it lay in neglectfull obscu rity in old times called the Obelisk of Caesar and under it were then laid the Ashes of Iulius Caesar Dominico Fontana was the Engineer It s heighth is 170 foot besides the Basis which is 37 foot more on the bottom t is 12 foot broad and at top 8. It weighs without the Basis 956148. pound the Instruments prepared for its removall and erecting weighed 1031824. pound The Removal of it we must needs conclude so admirable as to deserve a place among the great wonders of the Antients if we despise it not as is usual for that t was modern The Circ and Naumachia the place for sea battails of Nero were near herunto where they made their sportive recreations in barques upon the water and cruelly cast those that confessed the name of Christ to be devoured by wilde beasts The Borgo hath five gates to wit L'Elia at the Castle Saint Angelo That of Saint Peter under the Popes Gardens La Pertusa on the highest part of the hill La Vacina at the Palace of the Cesis and the Trionfale now called of Santo spirito near which Bourbon received à shot which occasioned his death and the surrender of Rome to the Emperor Charls the 5th The Hospital of San Spirito was first instituted by Innocent the 3d. afterwards aggrandized by Sixtus the 4th In it they govern with no less honour than love the foreign Infirm persons so that many rich Men disdain not to retire themselves thither for the government of the sick and infirm and thereto imploy their skill and time though at their own charges not having their own proper houses in Rome Of the Hill Gianicolo now called Montorio THe Hill Ianiculus is now called Montorio quasi mons aureus or the goulden Mount near it lies the Circ of Iulius Caesar where appear some fragments of the Sepulchre of Numa Pompilius which yet demonstrate 't was no great Fabrick a certain assurance that Ambition had not then in those times any great place in Rome Montorio is so called for the sparkling of the sand there Where stands a Church of Saint Peter and a round Fabrick wrought excellently Dorick wise the design of Bramante At the high Altar of the said Church is a Marble stone whereon Christ was figured by Raphael of Urbin On the right hand at the entrance into the Church Christ is rarely painted upon the Wall being whipt by Bastiano the Venetian called del Piombo Here stands the Tombe which Iulius the third caused to be built for himself then living where for all that he had not the happiness to lye dead but was buried in a mean place in the Vatican The Gate of Saint Pancratio was formerly called Aureliana or Settimiana for that it was repaired by Septimius Severus who near it erected an Altar and certain Baths without this gate you see an Aqueduct not very high through which ran the waters of the Lake Alsetino into the Baths of Severus of Filippus and into the Naumachia the place for Sea Fights of Augustus Where now stands the Temple of Santa Maria in Transtevere was formerly a Taberna Meritoria or a Locanda as they now term it being a place for letting out Chambers There stood also a Temple of AEsculapius for the deceased to whom because they believed him a God alwaies regarding and assisting to their healths the infirm had recourse and sacrificed The Naumachia was a place purposely set apart for the preparing all things necessary for Naval fights This place is at present called à Ripà in Rome where the Vessels
Between Santa Maria del Popolo and the Porta Flaminia is seen an Obelisk filled with Hieroglyphicks and AEgiptian Letters which Pliny writes to be one hundred and ten foot long and to contain on it the interpretation of the AEgyptian Philosophy Augustus Caesar caused it to be transferred from Hieropoli to Rome with two others which he placed in the Circus Maximus On the Pedestal is this Inscription Caesar. Divi. F. Aug. Pont. Max. Imp. X. J. Cos. XI Trib. Pot. XIV AEgypto in Potestatem P. R. redact â Soli Donum dedit The house of Antonino Paleozo affords an excellent statue of a horse and some heads as of Drusus of Julia the Daughter of Augustus of Goleria of Faustina Giovene the wife of Marcus Aurelius of Adrian of Brutus Domitian Galba Sabina Hercules Bacchus Sylvanus and Mercury And likewise the Triumph of Tiberius Caesar cut lively in one Marble stone And that of Giacomo Giacovazzo not a few excellent statues in Marble and Brass and other Curiosities Antoninus Pius in that part of the Campo Martio called Piazza di Sciarra erected a hollow Columne with winding stairs and 56. Casements to give Light within to them being 175 foot high some say it is raised with 28 stones only but in this t is not so clearly discernable as in that of Trajano for that the stayers being broke t is not ascendable On the superficies of it are wrought the Acts of Antoninus with excellent sculpture of figures from this that place is denominated Piazza Colonna Those eleaven high Pillars which are seen erected at the Church of Saint Stephano in Truglio are the reliques of that open Gallery which Antoninus Pius built conjoyned to his Palace in his Court as far distant from this Church as the Rotonda Between the Collumne of Antoninus and the Fountain of Acque Virgine were the Septa of the Campo Martio so called for that they were enclosed with several thick Plancks in which the Roman People assembled when they gave their suffrages for Election of the Magistrates They were also called Ovili for their similitude to a Sheepfold here the Roman Tribes assembled in Council That Hill between San Lorenzo in Colonna and the abovenamed Column called Monte Acitorio took its name from the Latine words Mons Citatorum where every Tribe Se'paratim rendred themselvs after they had given their suffrages in the Septa On the same Hill stood a publique Palace for receipt of Embassadors from Enemies who were not licen ced to enter the City nor dwell in Graecostasi which lay between the Counsel and the Rostri in the Piazza Romana Cardinal Santa Severina so much spoken of by the Hereticks a man of great prudence and an example for posterity erected his Palace on this Hill Not far from hence is the Fountain of Aque Virgine conveighed by a loud depressed Aqueduct over the Porta Collina the Hill Santa Trinita and through the Campo Martio now called Fontana di Trevi we read in the inscription that Nieolo the 5th restored it And this alone of all the waters which with so great costs and such sumptuous Aqueducts the antient Princes brought into Rome remains standing for the publique Benefit From the Serraglio or Septa of the Roman people began the Strada coperta wherein stood heretofore a Temple of Neptune and the Amphitheatre of Claudius now wholly destroyed At the Acque Virgine was a Temple dedicated to Giuturna Sister of Tur no King of the Rutoli accounted one of the Napee or Nimphes keep-in gamong flowers and the Countrey goddess who as the Heathens believed assisted to the fertility of the Earth In the house of Angelio Colorio da Giesi now appertaining to the Rufali are seen many statues and inscriptions and one Arch of the stone Tivoli joyning to the Acque Virgine having this Inscription T. Claudius Drus. F. Caesar Augustus In the Fountain under the statue of a Nymph now removed are found these verses Hujus Nympha loci sacri custodia Fonti Dormio dum blandae sentio murmur aquae Parce meum quisquis tangis cava marmora somnum Rumpere sive bibes sive lavare jaces Pompeio Naro possesseth two statues which were found in his Vineyard the one of Hercules the other of Venus IL COLLE de gli HORTICELLI now di SANTA TRINITA THis Hill extends from San Silvestro to the Porta Pinciana or Collina along by the Walls of the City but some draw it out to the Porta Flaminia The Gate and Hill took their name from Pincius the Senator whose magnificent Palace stood here and the footsteps of it are yet visible at the walls of the City upon this Hill was the Sepulchre of the Domitian Family here likewise Nero was buried On the top of this hill remains an Arch or roof which formerly was part of the Temple of the Sun near whereto lies an obelisk of Thasian stone with this inscription Soli Sacrum The Church Santa Trinita now occupied by the Minime Fryars was built by Lewis the XIth King of France wherein are some Tombes of Cardinals as of Antonio Moreto and Cardinal di Capri. At the Porta Collina near Santa Susanna Salustius as aforesaid had most pleasant gardens and a splendid dwelling whose ruines yet appear in the Vale leading to Salara Here stood an Obelisk now translated elsewhere sacred to the Moon engraven with AEgyptian Hyeroglyphicks The place is yet vulgarly called Salostrico The Campo Scelerato or the Via Scelerata where the deflowred Vestal Virgines were buried alive compleated all that space from the Porta Collina under the house and gardens of Salustius to the Porta Salaria Without the Porta Salaria called also Quirinale Collina and Agonale lye the ruines of the Temple of Venus Erycina whose Feast was celebrated with solemn ceremonies by chast Matrons in the month of August to the Image of Venus Ver ecordia which Goddess was supposed to render the Husbands placable and benevolent to their wives in this Temple they likewise celebrated the Agonalian games whence t was named Agonale Three miles without the City over the Aniene stands an entire Bridge which a long inscription shews to have been built by Narsetes t is said that Hannibal being on this Bridge vexed with a vehement rain raised the siege of Rome removed his Camp and departed A little below which the Tyber commixeth with the River Aniene and here Torquatus overcame that French Gyant from whose neck he took that golden neck chain which because in Latine called Torques gave him the surname of Torquatus T is worth observation That the Water drawn out of the Tyber above the City towards the Sea maintains it self wholesome and clean for many yeers which comes to pass from the mixture of the River Aniene with the Tyber The water of the Aniene being thick and polluted with Nitre which preserves it and occasions that it cannot putrify without difficulty and the inhabitants along the Tybers banks above where the Aniene commixeth with the Tyber mingle the waters
otherwise then by enchantment or witch craft which made him mock at the plebeian simplicity laughing at the vulgar who for the most part attribute that to the Magick art which appears wonderfull and produceth stupendious effects from their incapacity to comprehend the cause but to return to our voyage From the Bucca Coronea we are brought to Zolfettara as at present they call those places which were of old celebrated with the invention of various fables of old Poets for these wonders of nature who sing that the Gyants buryed under this mountain even from hell cast forth of their throats Flames at that time when earthquakes happen Et montes scopulos terrasque invertere dorse These Mountains are full of Sulphure Allum and Vitriol the chief whereof as Strabo writes stood pendent at a few paces distance from the Colonna of Pozzuolo now distant from the castle Novo about a mile from the form of which place t is guessed that the top of this Mountain was at last consumed and emitted into the profundity of the near valley by the continual fires whence that which of old was a high and eminent top or head is now a great ditch in the plain of a valley and that which was of old the ribs and flanks of a mountain are now the upper part of shelfs and rocks which surround the plain with a certain fence in length about a thousand and fifty foot in bredth about a thousand foot Pliny writes that they were nominated from their whiteness Leucogei and the plain or Level Campagna Phlegerea from the flame and fire there ever extant which Silius the Italian confirms Cornelius Strabo calls this place the Piazza and shop of Vulcan where likewise some fable the Gyants to be overcome by Hercules here the Mountains seem continually to burn at their roots for that on all sides they emit smokes by many mouths which smell of sulphure which smokes are blowen by the wind all over the neighbouring Countrey and sometimes to Naples Antiently these Hills as we draw from Dion Cassius and Strabo emitted greater fires as also those about the Lucrino and Averno which are not a few burnt and emitted like furnaces gross smokes and flames Now the plain as also the hill Phlegrei are deprived of their perpetual flames and are cavernous in many places and become yellowish as from the materiall and colour of sulphure the earth when spurned by the foot resounds like a drum through its concavity underneath where you may hear with wonder under your seet boyling waters grosse and inflamed smokes to make a horrid noise and run too and fro through the subterranean Caverns which the force of the exhalation hath made which how great you may thence guesse stop any of those mouths or holes with a good great stone and you shall suddenly and with violence see it amoved by the strength of the smoke Here they compose medicinable pots of brimstone In the same plain or level lies also a great marish filled alwaies with a black scalding hot water which sometimes useth to change place and the waters making themselves hard as tryed sewit useth being cold to bind it self to the sides of the Vessel t is melted in do thereby and with the force of the exhalation increase or diminish When I was there it boyled with great noise and smoke as if it had been a huge chauldron filled with blackish mud and therefore exceeded not then its bounds and limits but I remember that at my view thereof this Vorago mounted and cast up of asudden like a Pyramides eight or nine foot high beyond the common stature of man that thick water yellow and of the colour of sulphure which also the people of Pozzuolo affirm adding that sometimes t will rise from sixteen to twenty four feet When the Sea is in a storm this water is of various colours though for the most part like sulphure and sometimes other according as the subterranean winds are disturbed by the sea blasts and being in vigoured among the flames with all possible force expels some of the earth mixed with divers colours from the deepest veins These very winds when most quiet under ground the top of the Fens or moors being only disturbed cause a gross thick water coloured with black to be cast out These things of such occult nature do certainly afford usefull and welcome matter for consideration and study to such as love to search thereinto which Cicero very pertinently terms the natural food of the mind And hence we certainly know that the globe of the earth is not in every part solid and massy but in some places hollow cavernous and full of vains and pores like as is the living body of any animal and that with the continual motion of the imbodied elements water and air it becomes penetrated and is by the same nourished increased or diminished together with its several kinds and changes of plants and that the earth soops up vast quantities of the Sea waters disperst on it by means of those pores the which being encountred by some fierce winds occasion a motion of those waters in its inmost part and in the straitest passages and the same winds there split in sunder among the rocks and stones grow violently hot and kindle vast fires the which conâ—…uming whatever they meet empty the internal parts of the earth and drawing to themselves through those pores the neighbouring winds together with great smokes they there augment beyond measure searching out an egresse with horrible noise and shakings of the earth and mountains Pellunt oppositas moles ac vincula rumpunt As more at large Cornelius Severus a most learned Poet hath declared in his AEnea and hence proceed the earthquakes whirlpooles and openings of the earth the forcing out of flames the rivolets of fire boyling fountains and hot vapours Dion Cassius writes that in his time the said Mountains of Pozzuolo had more fountains of running fire in the likeness of water that through the excessive heat the water took fire and burnt and the fires with the mixture of the waters acquired a fluxible corpulency in such sort that these contrary elements did not separate and we find even in our time that the flames and sulphure conserve and nourish themselves in these waters and that they endure for so many ages and never consume but alwayes continue and gush out in the same conduits the which Severus the Poet graciously sets down in these verses Atque haec ipsa tamen jam quondam extincta fuissent Ni furtim aggeneret secretis callibus humor Materiam silvamque suam pressoque canali Huc illuc ageret ventos pasceret ignes So also he writes of the Phlegrean Fields and of the same place between Naples and Cuma whereof we now discourse viz. Ejus ab aeternâ—… piâ—…guescens ubere 〈◊〉 In merces legitur As at present the King exhausts a great toll from that brimstone and merchandize of allum Wee observe furthermore
that these sulphurious or brimstone waters commixt with the saltness of the Sea and with the ashes of burnings turn into stone after they have cooled themselves by running a short course and that they communicate the same faculty to those rivers and brooks with which they commix whereof though a clear experiment cannot be had yet that innate quality in all the rivers of Italy as the Tybâ—…r the â—…everone the Lake of Luca in the Nera and others of vesting the sides or brims of the banks and the Conduits whereby they paâ—…s as also the conserves and receptions of their standing pools give sufficient proof Besides t is as clear as the Sun and dayly observed that their continued washing of wood plants arms bodies and roots of trees the stubble of herbs and the leaves by little little are covered with a kind of scurf of stone and by revolving become by chance formed like comfits of aniâ—…eeds fennel cinamon and almonds and so much resembling such that with no great difficulty some more greedy then wary have been cousened with them and in truth what Vitruvius Seneca Dione Pliny and others have writ of the wonders of Vesuvius and Pozzuolo seems beyond reason to wit that the waters receive that nature and particularity from the tenuity of the ashes of the burned sulphure which ashes the fire having in part reduced as small as atomes in part dissolved into liquid moisture and in part expelled by the vapours of the subterranean fires through the veins of the earth and by springs we observe to be converted into that dust which the antients called Pozzuolo from the place and that they unite so soon as they attain the waters and cooling with them attain the just substance of stone and that the waters which run by those places mutually receive a certain nature of connexing to any thing so that they easily cleave to the body they touch and make it become stone And for wonders of this kind scarce can any be found like those in the caves of the Apenines near the old chanel of the Aâ—…iene by Vico Varo where the waters distilling through the clefts and chinks in the Rocks in their fall by little and little form it self like stone in the likeness of high Collumns in divers forms branchy bodies of trees and monstrous bodies of Centaures and Gyants in which Caverns or labyriâ—…ths of pure darkness with candles may be found out objects which in one word may worthily be said to feed and satiate the mind of the curious searcher into the secrets of nature but beware that the light be not extinguished by the frequent flappings of the night batâ—… who thither retire as to a secure retreat by millions to avoid the light of the day Thus beholding the hills Leucogei and the various surges of medicinal fountains of baths hot baths and the Cavernes you go to Pozzuolo amids the great and spatious ruines of the antient Colony POZZVOLO THe Roman Empire flourishing that maritime tract of Campania about Cuma Misena and Pozzuolo was in great reputation for the temperature of the air the pleasantness of the scite the quantity of good waters and the extream fertility of the fields and therefore replenished with great possessions of the Gentry and proud Palaces of the principal men And to speak truth no other part of Italy nor of the Provinces or the world appears more proper for the consumption of the Romans riches then that peice of Campania lying betweeen Capua and Naples and extending to Cuma where with good reason the common saying was that Bacchus and Ceres contended for superiority the luxury and sensuality of which maritime places and Islands made the old Poets in their antient fables of delights call these the house and habitation of the Syrenes And this caused some old Poets and them of no small esteem to aver those things which happened between Ulisses and the Nymph Calipso to have been acted in the Island of Pozzuolo and not in Ogygia a place of the Thebans or in the Island of the Promontory of Lacinio which Goddess by some called the daughter of Atlas by others of Oceanus and Tethys was held a Nymph of the Sea and reigned in the Isle Ogygia receiving Ulysses when he escaped drowning and took this name from her adornments of body and delights she liued in Homer calls her a Nymph very well adorned with fair riches And in truth who considers the shores of Pozzuolo must in truth conclude that to his imagination a more pleasant delightfull and glorious place cannot be found out than it nor a Seat more inclined by nature to receive and carress Travellers thence t is that the Poets of old feign that Ulysses there fixing and dwelling recollected his many past peregrinations and perils and also in the Isle Ithaca whereof Dion Cassius and â—…hilostratus Lemnius in the Life of Apollonius make mention And although at present the whole is filled with ruines and every thing lies even with the earth through too intollerable sufferings by war and time yet are there objects enow which such as will reape any profit from the curiosity of the antient arts and histories ought maturely and with great industry to consider But to begin Pozzuolo is a City scituate on a hill in the midst of a shore of the Sea which though very fair and large cannot yet be at all compared in any part with the riches and grandezza of the antient Colony as may be clearly extracted from the wayes pitched with flint and the foundations of publique edifices whereof the Sea hath swallowed up one part earthquakes and wars the other It was a most antient Colony of the Graecians which the Samii conducted hither in the time of Tarquinius Superbus in the sixty second Olimpiad as the Chronologer Eusebius writes and Stephanus â—…ysantius confirms which happened about the time that the republique of the Samii was ty ranized by the three Brothers Policrates Silus and Pantagnostus At that time also Pythagoras Samius flying from his own Countrey in Morava attained the potent City of Italy Croione where he layed down a new Philosophy then called Italian and by it acquired a high esteem with whose Laws the Italian Cities being reformed from the Graecian by the indeavours of three hundred of his Scholars as Diogenes Laertius writes received the government of Aristocracy under which they lived happily for many Ages Others will likewise that the Colony of the Samii from the observance of the Justice of the most holy Empire wherewith it was governed was called Dicearchia by which name all the Greek writers stiled it and many times after their example the Latin Strabo writes Dicearchia was once the Piazza of the Cumani and that afterwards the Romans called it Pozzuolo either as some will from the many deep piâ—…s or as others from the sulphurious stenches of the waters there arising It became under the power of Romans in the warr with Hannibal when Capua was taken by
assist the oppressed Souldiers and to satisfie his curiosity in the occasion of those fires he was stifled by the ashes and vapours of this burning mountain as aforesaid where with his uncle Pliny was also G. Celius the son of his sister who related this story more at large to Tacitus the Historian And certainly waters were preserved in these Fabricks for use and delight both in Lucullus his Villa and many other places very numerous in that piece of a fair country all over which run pipes shores and chanels All the Sea shore and strond is deformed by the ruines of Towns and Villages of old full of houses and inhabitants in particular that part between Formia and Surentum moves compassion in the passers by at Sea which in the flouri shing time of the Roman Empire presented to their view at a distance the effigies of a continued City by the quantity of structures and proud Palaces beautifyed with all splendour pompous and vastly expensive and would any take that pains now as by a strict serutiny to take a particular account or to draw draughts and exquisite descriptions enough of importance might be found to satisfie his own Curiosity and to fill up a new commentary nay a just volume The Palaces were wont to be very pompous in those parts on the Maritime coasts being 150 miles in length Which was so filled with Palaces Cities Towns Burghs Baths Theatres and such other proud and magnificent Fabricks beginning at Baia and so continuing to F. Herculanus and Voliurnus that they seemed not separate but one great and fair City to which no prospect could be comparable But in this our time all things there are ruinated except Naples the head of the Kingdome and residence of the Viceroy and some other great Princes The Ville or Palaces of pleasure of the ROMANS THat we may gratefully please the studious in these things we thought it not from the purpose to run over some of the more noble Villes which the Romans had built in these parts That famous Palace then of Lucullus stood in the Terra Forma near the Promontorie of Misenus discovering the top of the near high hill and the other lesser between the port gulf of Baia where he first bought of Cornelia the Villa of Sc. Marius banished by L. Sylla which he amplified with Fabricks Gardens and sumptuous Fishpools the spaces of which Gardens appear to this day towards Cuma not far from the Cento Camere and footsteps of the Pescheries at the shore of Baia with grots and standing pools cut into the foot of the Rock by art that they might be a refuge and defence to the Fish from the scorching Sun in hot weather as M. Varro sets forth saying that L. Lucullus had given order to his architectors to consume as much money as they pleased so they made a sufficient defence for the Fish against the heat of the Sun and provided them secure retreats under the mountains so that when this work was compleated he might say he needed not envy Neptune himself for goodnesse of fish which shews that he had fishpools in many places And in the said Marcus Varro Q Hortensius the Orator reprehends M. Lucullus for that he had not after the example of L. Lucullus his Brother provided for the conveniency of his fish a retreat into the Fresco from the scorching beams of the Sun T is thought the Villa of M. Lucullus stood at the foot of the mountain Misenus towards the Isle Procyda antiently called Prochyte where under the waters may yet be perceived great ruines of Pescharies Villa Di Q. HORTEENSIO QUintus Hortensius had his Mannor house in the breast of Baiano near Bauli whereof some reliques yet appear on the shores and some are covered by the waters t is most certain and famous that he had then most fair fishpools wâ—…th some grots cut into the mountain for the refuge of his fish from the Suns ardoui so much were they then given to the like pleasures for which C. Cicero taunting him calls him God of the Sea and the most happy in his pescheries in that he had so domesticated the fish that they came at his câ—…ll when they heard his voice and much condoles the death of â—…is Muraena the Bennet fish which t is thought by sâ—…me will stay a ship if it stick to it of whom a friâ—…nd of his 〈◊〉 a pair of his Mullets he answered he woud rather give hâ—…m two mules out of his litter Pliny writes that after Q. Hortâ—…rsius Antâ—…nia the â—…other of Claudius the Emperor possessed these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pools with the same humour and that she so much loved a 〈◊〉 that she caused ear-rings of gold to be put on him in the wateâ—…s and that those places were so famous for this fact that mary 〈◊〉 to â—…auli purposely to behold it T is not certain 〈◊〉 Neâ—…o tâ—…e Emperor caused Agrippina his mother to be slâ—…in in this very Villa but if nâ—…t there t was not farr from it as may be collected from Cornelius Taciâ—…us in the 14th book of his Annals Domitia the Aunt of Nero had a Villa in that neighbourhood whereof in the 13 book of Tacitus is some memorial and Dion â—…ssius saies that Nero having poisoned Domitia his Aunt possâ—…ssed 〈◊〉 of her Livings near Bauli and Ravenâ—…a the contrary whereof â—…lius I am pridrius reports of the Emperor Alexander Severus to wit that besides many Palaces he built in Rome in honour of Julia Momea his mother he built one most sumptuous with its Pescherâ—…es calling the place Mamea which Ferrante Lofredo Marques of Trevico supposeth to stand in the midst of Baia where he likewise erected many other in honour of his Parents The Villa Of C. PISO THis stood under the mountain near the hot fountains hither Nero leaving the other charges of importance often retired for his solace as Tacitus declares in the 15th book of his Annals T is supposed that in this Villa Nero entertained his mother Agrippina at table many hours under pretence of the festival Quinquatrus a feast celebrated to Pallas five daies but with intention to make her return by night to her Villa at Bauli having before hand given order that in the return the Bark wherein she was should be sunk and she thereby be drowned as Suetonius and Tacitus relate The Villa of C. MARIUS of CAESAR and of POMPEY IN these confines likewise C. Marius Caesar and Pompey had their houses of pleasure as Seneca tells us in the second Epistle but they stood on the very tops of hills so that they had more the faces of Castles and Forts and places made purposely to protect the Countrey below then of Pallaces for solace Pliny speaks of that of Marius in the 6th chapter of the 18 book which was afterwards possessed and amplifyed by Lucullus near the Promontory of Misenus towards the Port. But the Villa of Caesar stood above Baia and on the top of the Mountain as Tacitus
Sublaco which Lakes Tacitus seems to call Simbrivini saying in the 14th Book of his Annals that near them stood the Villa Sublacense of Nero in the confines of Tivoli from which Lakes the Aniene running afterward through woods and mountains falls at last in the plain near Tivoli from high stones with fury and noise then it goes some space under ground and at the foot of the mountain returns all again above ground it runs through the three sulphurious veins called Albule from their white colour T is said and Strabo confirms the water there to be medicinal in drinking or Bathing and Pliny writes that they heal the wounded Nor does the Albule only but also the Albunea above Tivoli consolidate wounds Regarding the Campania of Tivoli about the Aniene you will find huge stones encreased by little and little in long time by vertue of the waters running by and in the bottome of Lakes there you 'l find of hard stones generated by the same means In this confine are many footsteps of old edifices worthy contemplation Tivoli having been a most noble City and well Inhabited through the beauty of its scite the goodnesse of its soyle and the salubrity of the aire which made it be surrounded with the fair Villa's and Lordly houses of the rich persons of that Country although now like Rome and all Italy also it lies waste and ruinated by the various warrs and successes which have destroyed it T is certain that Greeks were the builders of this City but who they were is not certain the writers of the Italian antiquities not agreeing herein yet the greater part say that Catillo was its founder who some say was of Arcadia and Captain of Evanders Navy Others affirm Argivâ—…s the son of Amfiardo the Southsayer after the prodigious death of his Father near Thebes came by command of the oracle with his family and Gods long before the Trojane warr into Italy and by the assistance of the Enotri Aborigeni drove the Sicâ—…li out of that place naming the Castle taken from them Tibâ—…re from his eldest sons name Nor does Pliny much disagree from this though he does not wholly agree with it for in the 16th of his natural History writing of the ages of Trees he saies that in his time there stood 3 Holme Trees by Tivoli near to which Tiburtio the builder of that Castle had received augure to build it But saies he was the Nephew not the Son of Amfiardo and that he came with his two Brothers Lora and Catillo one age before the Trojane warr and that he there caused the Castle to be built calling it after his own name because he was the elder in which opinion Virgil in his AEneides seems to concur but Horatiâ—…s on the other part calls Tivoli the walls of Catillus pursuing the others opinion from which expressions we conjecture that the City Tivoli was before Rome Those of Tivoli held Hercules in reverence above the other idols as Protector of the Graecian people at whose festivity infinite people resorted thither In it was also a Temple for the Sorti lotts or chances no lesse famous for their oracles then that in Bura or in Achaia a countrey of Morea mentioned by Pausanias whence the Poet Statius saies that such was the beauty of the place that even the Sorti Prenestini would have chosen it for giving their answers had not Hercules first possessed the place Thâ—…se are his words Quod que in templa dâ—…rent alias Tyrinthia sortes Et Prenestinae poterant migrare sorores He calls the Sorti Sisters for that good and bad Fortune were reverenced as two Sisters T is thought that Temple under the mountain in the way of Tivoli was that famous Temple of Hercules but this people had another Temple dedicate to the same God yet called Hercules Saxanus as appears by the subsequent inscription found in a Piazza attaqued to a particular house Herculi Saxano sacrum Ser. Sulpicius Trophimus AEdem Zothecam Culinam Pecunia sua a Solo Restituit Eidem Dieavit K. Decemb. L. Tupilio Dextro M. Maccio Rufo Cos. Euthycus Ser. Peragendum Curavit But we cannot conclude with certainty where this other Temple stood yet many agree that t was called Hercules Saxanus in respect t was built with stone differing from the other greater Temple just as the Milanesi called one Hercules in Pietra from the scituation of that Church in a stony place near them Upon the stone ariseth a certain antient round Fabrick without covering built wiâ—…h marble in rare architecture of much esteem which possibly might be the Temple of Hercules Saxanus t is near the Cataracts which augments this suspicion for that the Antients usually placed their Temples consecrate to Hercules near waters long ports and violent falls of waters to the end that Hercules by them esteemed the Protector of the firm Land might cause the water to continue in its limits and not infest the country with inundations the which Statius clearly shewsin the 11th Book of woods speaking of the Villa 〈◊〉 of his Pollius which stood on the sea shore near a port with a Temple of Hercules and another of Neptune neare it whose verses now take Ante domum tumidae moderator caerulus undae Excubat innocui custos laris Hujus amico Spumant Templa salo foelicia jura tuetur Alcides gaudet gemino sub nomine portus Hic servat terras hic saevis fluctibus obstat He feigns also in his third book that Hercules having layed aside his arms laboured much in preparing the foundations of his Temple in that place and with great strength prepaâ—…ed the instruments for digging the earth for thus the Pagans or Gentiles beleived viz that Hercules during his life went through the world operating for the publick good of Mankind what ever was difficult or laborious to be effected as not only in the taming and killing of Monsters â—…emoving Tyrants reducing unjust Lords to the terms and conditions of Justice and chastising the bad and evil ones But also in building of Castles and Cities in desert places ports and securities for shipping on dangerous shores reducing bad and irksome waies into good changing the chanels of damnifying Rivers breaking the course of the waters where requisite for preservatioÌ„ of the firm Land setling peace between disagreeing nations with just Laws opening the method way of dealing and negotiating between people far eloigned from one another and insum reducing into a state of civility such as were wilde and fierce wherefore they built him Temples created him a God and devoutly honoured him giving him several surnames according to the diversity of the places where they adored him or the quality of the benefits which the people held they received from him or according to some great work which they supposed he had done Whence the western parts of the world had Hercules Gaditani when on the north side of the straight called of old Fretum Herculeum was Mount Calpe on the South
Sea this fish bears a great price in May or June as also of the sword fish particularly at Messina which t is written they cannot take unlesse they speak Greek and to say no more both the Seas and the Rivers abound with all sorts of excellent fish They have also in divers places many baths of hot cool sulphurous and other sorts of water usefull and advantagious in several Infirmities but those are in the River Sen◅ntina near the Cities Sacra and Himera are salt and un wholsome to drink We will not speak of the Fountains of sweet water that are found over all Sicilia and many Rivolets accommodated as well for the life of Man as the enriching their Lands by the overflowing And to speak in brief this Island is not at all inferiour to any other Province either for its fatnesse or abundance but somewhat exceeds Italy in the excellency of their grain saffron honey Beasts skins and other sustenance for the life of Man in so much that Cicero not improperly called it the Granary of the Romans and Homer said that all things grew there of their own accord and therefore calls it the Isle of the Sun Sicilia is likewise admirable for the fame of those things which told exceed our beleef as the Mount Etna Mongibello who sending forth continual fires from its bowels hath not withstanding its head on that part where the fire issues deeply covered in snow to the midst of Summer Not far from Agrigento or Gergento is the Territory Matharuca which with assidu al vomiting of divers veins of waters sends forth a certain Ash coloured Earth and at certain times casting out an incredible Mass of that Earth the one and the other Fields may be heard to roar In Menenino is the Lake Nastia called by Pliny ◅fintia where in three eddies you behold boyling water which alwaies gurgles with an egregious stink and somtimes spues up flames of fire hither antiently resorted all such as through their superstition were to be sworn to any thing It hath likewise in sundry other places divers other Fountains of admirable Qualities and nature for an ample account whereof the reader is referred to Thomaso Fazellio to the end we may abridge our relation here Sicily was inhabited by the Cyclopes which is verified besides what Authors affirm by the bodies of immense bignesse and heigth which in our daies are seen in the Grots or Caves Those Cyclopes being monsters of Men or Gyants whom the Sicani succeeded and them the Siculi or Sicilians Then the Trojans the Candiots the Phenici the Calcidonians the Corinthians and other Greeks the Zanclei the Guidii the Sarasini the Normans the Lombards the Swedes the Germans the French the Arragonians the Spaniards the Catalonians the Genouans and at length many Pisans Lucchesians Bolognians and Florentines all which people at several times inhabited divers parts of this Island untill Charls the fifth Emperor took Corona and after a little time leaving it to the Turks all those Greeks that dwelt there transported themselves into Sicilia The People are of an acute and quick wit noble in their inventions and industrious by nature and said to be of three tongues for their velocity in speech wherein their expressions proceed with much grace to facetiousnesse and quicknesse they are held loquacious beyond measure whence the Antients borrowed the proverb Gerrae Siculae the Sicilian bablings Antient writers attribute the following things to the invention of the Sicilians the art of Oratory the Bucolick or pastoral verse dyall making the Catapul◅e a warlike engine the illustrating of Pictures the Art of Barbing the use of skins of wilde beasts and Ryme They are by nature suspectfull envious evil spoken facil to speak Villany and prone to revenge but industrious subtle flatterers of Princes and studious of Tyranny as saies Orosie which at this day does not so generally appear They are more covetous of their own commodities or conveniences then of the publiques and reflecting on the abundancy of the Countrey sloathfull and without industry Antiently their tables were so splendidly furnished that it became a Proverb among the Greeks but now they follow the frugality of Italy They are valiant in warrs and of uncorruptible faith to their King beyond the custōme of the Greeks they are patient but provoked they leap into extream fury They speak the Italian Language but roughly and without the least sweetnesse and in their habits and other customes live after the manner of the Italians MESSINA THat City of Sicilia that is most illustrious is Messina built with the ruines and reliques of the City Zancla at a thousand paces distance from hence came Dicearchus the hearer of Aristotle the most celebrious Peripatetick Geometritian and eloquent Oratour who wrote many books whereof Fazellius makes mention and Ibicus the Historian and the Lyrick Poet and in the memory of our Fathers times lived there Cola the Fish born at Catana who leaving human society consumed the best part of his life among the fish in the sea of Messina whence he acquired the nick name of fish Hence came also Giovanni Gatto of the preaching order a Philosopher Divine and famous Mathematician who read in Florence Bologna and Ferrara and was afterwards elected Bishop of Catano and lastly hence came Gio Andrea Mercurio a most worthy Cardinal of the holy Church Here stood the City Taurominio which gave birth according to Pausanias to Tisandro Son of Cleocrito who four times overcame in the Olympick Games and as many times in the Pythick and Timeus the historian son of Andromacus who wrote of the transactions in Sicilia and Italy and of the Theban warrs CATANA IT hath also the City Catana one part whereof is washed by the Sea and the other extends it self to the foot of the Mountains where antiently was the Sepulture or burying place for famous and illustrious persons as of Stesicorus the Poet Himerese Xenofane the Philosopher and of two young Brothers Anapia and Anfinomo who the fire of AEtna raging and burning all the Countrey round took up upon their shoulders the one his Father the other his Mother but being disabled by the weight to proceed with speed and the fire overtaking them and at their very feet yet lost not their magnan imity and courage but when almost in despair the fire on a suddain divided it self before them and so they miraculously escaped safe In this City is a Colledge for all the sciences but most particularly they here study the Civil and Canon Laws and from her have issued many illustrious persons as Santa Agatha which the Palermitans will call of their City a Virgin Martyr who under Quintiano in the yeer of our salvation 152 suffered Martyrdome for Christ and Carondo the Philosopher and Legislator and he that was reputed the great Magus Diodorus or Liodorus Hence came also Nicolo Todisco called the Abbot or Panormitano the great Cnnonist and Cardinal who wrote so many books of the Canon Laws
Arno 1 To San Cassiano 1 To Le Tavernelle 1 To Sagia 1 To the City Sienna 1 To Lucignano 1 To Tornieri 1 Pass the River Orcia to Scala 1 Pass a rivolet and then ascend the Mountains to Radicofani a Castle and good Inn 1 At the foot of the Mountains pass a Rivolet To Pontecentino there pass a Rivolet troublesome in rainy weather 1 Thence a little pass the Paglia by bridge To Acqua Pendente of the holy Church 1 To the City Bolsena 1 To the City Monte fiascone 1 To the City Viterbo 1 To Ronciglione 1 To Monterossa 1 To Baccâ—…na 1 To Storta 1 To the City Rome 1  Posts 26. Posts from Fossombrone to Perugia At Fossombrone pass the River TO Quaiana 1 To Cantia pass the hills 1 To the City Giubileo 1 To the City and university Perugia 1  Posts 4 Posts from Rome to Venice The City Rome posts TO Prima Porta 1 To Castel a new Castle 1 To Rignano pass the Tyber 1 To Civita Castellana 1 Repass the Tyber  To Otricoli 1 To The City Narny 1 pass the Tyber again to the City Terni then to Strettura 2 To Prote and to Sant Horatio 2 To Pontecentemsio and the City Nocera 2 To Gualdo and to Sigillo 2 To Sheggia 1 To Cantiana Acqualagna 2 To the City Urbine the state of that Duke and a Sea Port 1 To Foglia to Monte Fiore 2 § To Coriano and to the City Rimini 2 To Bellaere and Cesenatico 2 To Savio and to the City Ravenna 2 To Primaro to Magnavaca 3 To Volani 2 To Gorro pass there the Po 2 To Fornase repass the po 2 pass the River Adice 1 To the City Chioza 2 There embarque for Venice 3  posts 40. posts from Rome to Bolonia through the province Romagna The City Rome  § KEep the same posts as above till arrived at this mark that is to the City Rimini 21 To Savignano 1 To the City Cesena 1 To the City Forli 1 To the City Faenza pass the river Lamone 1 pass the river Senio to Imola  pass the River Santerno 1 pass the rivers Salerin and Giana 1 To San Nicolo 1 Pass the rivers Adice and Savona 1  posts 29. Posts from Rome to Perugia THe City Rome pass the Tyber to Prima Porta 1 To Castel novo Castello 1 To Rignano pass the Tyber 1 To Civita Castellana 1 Pass the Tyber to Ottricoli 1 To Narni pass the Tyber 1 To the City Terni 1 To Strettura and to Proti 2 To Sant Horatio 1 To Santa Maria de gli Angeli 2 To Perugia a City and University   posts 12 Posts from Perugia to Florence The City Perugia  TO Tortè and Orsaia 2 To Castello Nartino and to Bastardo 2 To Ponte allè Valle 1 To Fichini and to Treghi 2 To Florence passing the Arno 1  posts 8. Posts from Milan to Pesaro From Milan you must go to Bolonia the way and posts whereto you have before 16 pass the rivers Savona and Adice 1 To San Nicola 1 pass the river Salerno to Imola 1 pass the river Santerno then the Senio 1 In the City Senio pass the Amone 1 To Forli 1 To Cesena and then to Sevignano 1 § To the City Rimini 1 To Cattolica 11 To the City Pesaro § 26 posts from Milano to Urbino From Milan keep the above written posts to the City Rimini 24 To Coriano 1 To Monte Fiore 1 To Foglia an Hostery 1 To the City Urbine 1  posts 28 Posts from Lucca to Genoua AT the City Lucca pass the River Serchio A Mazaroso in which stage you leave theterritory of Lucca entring the Florentine 1 To Pietra Santa 1 To Massa del Principe 1 pass the River Versiglia to § Sarezana a City of the state of Genoua 1 pass the River Marca to Lâ—…rci whence you may pass to Genoua by water as well as Land 1 To San Simedio 1 To Borghetto and to Manterana 2 To Biacco and to Sestri 2 At Sestri you may imbarque also for Genoua being five posts by water but in an ill season pass on by Land  pass the River Lugna to Chiavara pass the River Sturla 1 To Repalo and to Recco 2 To Bolignasco pass the River Besaâ—…na 1 To Genoua a City and Sea Port 1  posts 15 Posts from Venice to Genoua by the way of Parma At Venice imbarque for Lizafusina 8 To Padoua pass the River Brenta 1 A Estè 2 At Montâ—…gnana pass the River Lagnâ—… 1 To Bevilacqna 1 Passe the River Daniello to Sangonâ—…to Verâ—…nese 1 Pass the River Tanaco To Castellaro pass the Teyone 1 To Mantoua pass the Mantouan Lake 1 To Borgo Forte 1 To Mora pass the Po 1 To Guastallo a Principality 2 To Borsello pass the River Lenza 2 To Parma pass the River Parma 1 To Fornonovo on the River Parma 2 To Borga di val di tarro 2 Pass the Hills the Marca the River Pogliasco To Varasi and to Sestri 2 Pass the River Lavagna To Chiavari pass the Sturla 1 To Repalo and to Recco 2 To Bolignasco pass the Besagna 1 To Genoua City a Sea Port 1  Posts 27 Posts from Milan to Genoua To Binasco 1 To Pavia a City and Colledge pass the Ticino 1 pass the Rivers Gronolone and the Po Pancarana and to Voghera 2 Pass the Stafora and Curone to the City Tortona pass the Scrivia to Bittola 2 To Seravalle and to Ottagio 2 Ascend the Zovo andgo down it To Pâ—…nte Decimo 2 Pass the River Soseria to Genoua 1  posts 11 Posts from Genoua to Venetia by Piacenza and Mantoua The City Genova pass the River Seria To Ponte Decimo 1 Ascend and descend the Zovo To Ottagio 2 Near Gavio pass a small stream To Seravalle a Castle of the Milanese 1 To Betola 1 To the City Tortona 1 pass the Stafora to Voghera 1 pass the River Coppa To Schiatezza pass the River Versa 1 To Stradella 1 Here you quit the Territory of Milan and enter that of Piacenza to the Castle St. Gioanni 1 pass the Riuer Tidone To Rottofrenoa Castle 1 pass the River Trebia to the City Piacenza 1 pass the Rivers Nuro Relio Vezeno and Chier all in one stream and near Cremona pass the River Po To Cremona a City of the state of Milan 3 § From Cremona to Venice you will find the posts in the journy from Milan to Venice by Cremona and Mantoua marked as is here marked 14  Posts 29 posts from Milan to Guastalla The City Milan pass the river Lambro to Merignano 1 To the City Lodi and to Zorlesco 2 To Pizighitone Castello pass the Adda 1 To the City Cremona 1 To plebe di San Giacomo 1 To Volti 1 § To Casal Maggiore 1 To Barsello and to Guastallo 2  posts 10 Posts from Milan to Corezzo by the aforenamed way The City Milan  § Take the foregoing posts from Milan to Casal
present a religious Person and a lover of Learned men BASSANO FRom Trento the way lies to Bassano travelling towards the East by the Valley of Sugana called by the Antients Euganea because a People of that name dwelt there This Plain is eighteen miles in length and two only in bredth whence you may go to Venice but 't is too long a journey Five Miles forth of Trent is situated the rich and populous Countrey of Perzene At the Head of the Valley near Primolano are the confines between the Venetians and Germans Upon the high Mountain of Primolano is there built a most strong Bulwark of the Venetians called Strada where a few Souldiers can repel the Dutch when ever they offer by violence or force to advance forwards At twelve miles distance from thence towards the East among the Alps is the City of Feltre by the which way at the right-hand-shore of the River Brent three miles distance from Scala is seated Cavolo a Fort of the Germans inexpugnable in respect that 't is founded upon a great Rock directly hanging over the high-way with a Fountain of living water in it whereto neither Man nor Goods can be mounted from the Earth unless fastned to a Rope and that wound up upon a wheel from which because 't is a very narrow way underneath between the Mountain and the River with small labour may their enemies be slain with Stones cast on them as they march along Thence five miles distant is the River Cisimone wch disembogues it self into the Brenta where the Dutch and Feltrini daily load great quantities of Timber and Wood as well for the use of Building as for firing which they afterwards transport to Bassano to Padoua and to Venice Seven miles distant from Bassano on the Right-hand-shore of the Brent lies the Countrey of Valstagna placed at the foot of the Mountains and famous for the Sawes there made thence distant three miles lies the Countrey of Campese where in the Church of the Fryers of Saint Benedict lies buried he that wrote la Macharonea Bassano lies at the foot of this streight Valley and is washed towards the West by the Brent called antiently Brenta or Brentesia the which hath its Sourse or head beyond the Alps of Trent twelve miles near Levego Over the Brent a little forth of the Gate of Bassano is built a great Bridge of Wood which conjoyns both the Rivers Between the Alps and this Castle there are some Hills which produce most abundantly all things requisite as well for necessary living as delicacy but most particularly they abound with Olives and precious Wines The River Brenta runs thorow the Territory of Vicenza passeth by the City of Padoua and in the end dischargeth it self by the Fenny or Moorish grounds into the Sea In this River they take excellent Fish as Trouts Pollard or Chieven Eyles Pyke Tench Lampreys Barbel and Crabfish In no place are the men more ingenuous in Merchandize than in this particularly in weaving of Cloth in turning most neatly in Ivory and in Carving in Nut-Trees There is never a year that they dress less than fifteen thousand pound weight of Silk and notwithstanding that that which is made in China is esteemed better than is made in any other part of the world nevertheless 't is known that this of Bassano is more subtile or thin and more light Hence the Family of the Carrareci drew their Original and Eccellino the Tyrant as also Lazaro surnamed Bassano a person not meanly learned nor less acquainted in the Greek tongue than in the Latine he lived a long time in Bologna with great satisfaction to the learned afterwards he rendred himself at Padoua to the end that he might illuminate those who were studious of good Letters At present Giacomo dal Ponte an excellent Lymner greatly illustrates this Country together with four of his Sons called vulgarly the Bassani Bassano hath under it twelve Towns which with it self contein to the number of twelve thousand Souls MAROSTICA AT three miles distance from Bassano towards the West is seated a strong place named Marostica a Castle built by the Lords of Scala near the Mountain and fortified with Walls and two Sconceâ—… Antiently this Castle stood in the neighbouring Mountain which looks towards the East where at this time are to be seen the Foundationâ—… Here the Air is most perfect and the Countrey as pleasant and produceth excellent fruits in great abundance but it most excels in Cherries of all sorts which are so infinitely pleasant and so well â—…elished that therefore in many places they are called Marosticane There are many Fountains of clear Water and thence about two miles is a Lake called Piola whose waters abate and rise in the same manner as they in the Golf of Venice with great admiration to the beholders The Inhabitants of this Castle are extreme contentious whereupon an Elegant Poet wrote thus Restat in Civibus Marii discordia vetus Quae cum Syllanis saevit in urbe viris Within this Castle are many Churches among which is that of Saint Bastiano where the Fryers of Saint Francis dwell wherein lies the Body of the blessed Lorenzuolo the Child Martyred by the wicked Jews who antiently there inhabited Francesco of the Family of the â—…reschi hath much illustrated this Castle who publickly Read the Civil Law in Padoua and likewise Angelo Mateaccio who hath composed some Books of the Laws At this present adds no small Fame to this his Countrey Prospero Alpino the most excellent Physician publique Reader of the first matter of Simples in the Academy of Padoua who hath written De plantis AEgypti De Opobalsamo and De Praesagienda vitâ—… morte AEgrotantium lately published And is now employed besides his publick Reading in composing and ripening some other noble Work for publick view Thorow the middle of this Castle runs the little River called Rozza whence about a mile passeth the Sillano so called because in Antient Language it signified a Stream of running water 'T is believed that the Antient Romans much frequented this Place for that the Inhabitants to this day retain certain Latine words though something corrupted Before the Church of Saint Floriano stand two Marble Stones of great antiquity upon the one whereof is written thus TI Claudio Caes. M. Salonius ⸫⸫ es Martina Chara Conjux quae Venit de Gallia per mansiones L. Vi commemoraret memoriam Mariti sui Bene quiescas duleissime mi Marite TREVISO THe Antient City of Treviso is situated on the East of and at the distance from Bassano twenty five miles This City was founded by Osaride the third King of the Greâ—…ans who being adopted Son of Dionisius therefore conceded unto him AEgypt and Reigned in Italy ten years And because after his death there appeared to the AEgyptians an Ox they supposing it to be their King Osiris worsnipped it as a God and called it Apâ—… which in their language signifies an Ox for which reason
which space comprehending thirty three Pillars assâ—…rds in length three hundred foot which Collumns have no Bâ—…ses but excellent HEADS The two Frontispieces thereof appear Pargetted with White and Red Marble in the midst whereof are little Ascents or Hills whereon are set thirty seven Collumnes made in the Form of Pyramids with seventy two Arches The Facade or Frontispiece backwards was lately beautified with Istrian Stone and is contignous towards the North with the Church of Saint Marco The Roofs of this Pallace were heretofore covered with Lead but the fiâ—…e that happened in the year 1574. caused it to be covered instead of lead with Slâ—…t of a certain Mettle Every Front hath one Gate The principal which is conjoyned with the Church of a Piramide Figure looks towards the Piazza or broad Place just before which stands the winged Lion and the Duke Foscaro Carved in White Marble Next within on the right hand is found a spatious Court wherein are two Wells of sweet Water whose mouthes are made with Brass garnished with Spouts and other Curiosities At the end of this Court is the Gate which answers to the Sea Then having ascended the close Stairs called Foscara on the left hand you may go round the Pallace upon the Tarrace The two Fronts backwards the one whereof loâ—…ks towards the Sea the other towards tâ—…e Piazza parallell them that are forwards except that they have neither Arches nor Collumnes below The Front towards the East on the even ground hath thirty six Arches and as many Pillars of Istrian Stone over the which there is an open Gallery of fifty four Arches and fifty five Colâ—…umnes On the Top is drawn a Wall of Istrian Stone adorned with beautiful Cornishes Just against the Principall Gate stands the large Stayer-case of the Pallace towards the North which leads directly to the Lodging of the Prince at the foot of this Stayer-case stâ—…nds two Colossuses the one of Marse the other of Neptune Upon the â—…op thereof likewise just opposite to them stands two most excellent Statues the one of Adam the other of Fve The Front below towards the Canale or Channel hath two Stayer-cases by the which they ascend to that most Royal Corridor or open Gallery wherein stand many Tribunals or Courts of Justice Opposite to the Chief Stayer-case is a Memorial of Henry the third King of 〈◊〉 engraven in Marble with Letters of Gold From the South East they ascend that most splendid Stayer-case which upon the left hand leads to the Chamber of the Prince and on the right hand to the Colledge Where the Eye is wholly taken up with beholding the most sumptuous Vaulted or Arched Roof or Seeling Richly garnished with Gold This College stands towards the East over the Chamber of the Prince whose vaulted Roof as at Venice they call it is partly guilt partly Carved with great Artifice partly Painted and wrought with Histories even to Admiration At the upper end of this Hall is exalted the Imperial Throne of the Duke and the Images of Venice figured by a Queen who disposeth the Crown upon his Head Here the Duke with the Senatours transact the affairs of State and give Audience to Embassadours as well such as have recourse to them from their own Territories and Cities as of Foreign Princes Out of which leads a door into another great Hall wherein are figured all the Provinces which the Venetians possess upon the firm Land where also are erected eleven most excellent Statues of Emperours Issuing forth of these Places and walking towards the Sea you meet the dreadful Tribunals of the Counsel of Tenne where every Place gloriously shines with Gold and costliness A little more forwards is the spacious Hall or Senate House of the Great Counsel where they dispose the publique Offices and Ballott the Magistrates which Counsel orders it self in this manner First the Duke royally clad sits on a Throne raised a good higth from the Ground On his Right Hand he hath three Counsellors near him accompanyed by one of the Chief of the Magistrates of forty for Criminal Offences Just opposite to the Prince at the other End of the Great Hall sits one of the Chief of the Illustrious Counsel of the Tenne A little from whence seats himself one of the Advocates of Comminalty In the Angles or Corners of the Great Hall stands the Old and New Auditors In the middle are the Censors The rest of the Nobles of Venice sit promiscuously in other Seats less raised from the plain ground of the great Hall Into which Counsel cannot be admitted any that is not Noble and who is not above the age of twenty five years Afterwards the Grand Chancellour having first recommended to every One their duty to elect a Person fit for that Magistracy names the first Competitor Then certain litle Lads go up and down the Hall with double Boxes the one wherof is white the other green The White forwards the Green more inward gathering the Balls which Balls are small and made of Cloth that by the sound of the fall into the Box may not be judged into which 't is cast and before he casts in the suffrage giver must shew that he hath but one Ball and also tell the name of that Gentleman who stands for those that perhaps have not well heard who 't was do it many times over again He that would exclude the Stander casts the Balls into the Green Box and he that would have him chosen casts them into the White Box which are made in such a Form that none can discern into which of the Boxes they put their Balls The Procurators of Saint Mark never enter into this Great Counsel Except at the Election of the Duke but stand under the Lodge with the Master Officers of the Arsenal while that great Counsel is gathered together for its Guard dividing among themselves those dayes whereon they ought to have this Charge But of these things for further satisfaction we referr the Reader to such who treat of them at large herein intending only to glance briefly at the most remarkable things This great Hall is seventy three foot broad one hundred fifty foot long and was begun in the year One thousand three hundred nine On its walls were drawn by the most excellent Painters of that Age the victories of this Commonwealth Its Princes with many other famous Men of Italy which being spoyled by the smoak of that Fire which happened in the year 1577. in liew thereof was Painted the History of Alexander the third chief Bishop of Rome and Frederick the Emperour with the subjection of Constantinople to the Venetian Republique The Floors are wonderful neat Towards the East is seated the Throne of the Prince over which is a Paradise Painted by the hand of Tintoretto which was formerly Painted by Guariento and fils up all that Front In the Front over against that within a square of Marble is an Image of the Holy Virgin holding in
Tribunals and ten Gates of Brass The Store-House of the Germans which is five hundred and 12 foot in circumference whose Front outwards hath many excellent Figures and inwards two Galleries which go quite round the one above the other wherein are two hundred Lodging Chambers There stand also up and down this City besides what are above mentioned infinite more Statues Pictures and glorious Tombes At all seasons it abounds plentifully with fruits and herbs of all sorts and two hundred several sorts of Fish furthermore there are four-hundred and fifty bridges of Stone fourscore thousand Gondaloes or Boats with twice as many Gondaloers or Watermen with a vast number of Chanels among the which the Principal is called the Grand Canale or Chanel one hundred and thirty paces in length and forty in bredth over which is built that most artificial Bridge called the Rioalto being one Arch which conjoynes both the Banks to be accounted for its heighth length and bredth amongst the most glorious fabricks of Europe whereon are erected twenty four shops covered all alike with lead that is to say twelve of a side with magnificent Balustrades behind They ascend this Brid Bridge by three degrees of steps that in the midst consists of sixty six Steps and thoseof each side of one hundred forty five to these rarities may be added the infinite concourse of People And to the end we may remove that erroneous opinion that this City was built by Fishermen let us observe what Cassiodoro who was Counsellor and Secretary of Theodorick King of the Gothes speaks thereof Vos saith he Qui numerosa navigia in ejus confinio possidetis Venetia plenae nobilibus c. which happening in the four hundred ninty and fifth year of our Salvation and from the building thereof between 80. and 90. years gives a fair presumption that the Venetians could not acquire so great reputation nor less possess so many Vessels on the Sea had they not been somewhat rich and noble too sometime before Your next visit must be to the Arsenal or Magazine of War of this City seated on the one side of it towards the two Castles and Palace of the Patriark which are compassed about with high Walls and with the Sea This Arsenal affords but one entrance by one only Gate and by one only Chanel where thorow are guided in all the shipping and 't is about the quantity of two miles in circuit Herein generally they make all their works and engines of War but most particularly their Charge is to prepare here these 4. Materials for that Service Timber Iron Brass and Hemp. Of which their charge of Timber-work they are so provident that besides what at first shewes itself to the view there is under the water a good quantity of Gallies great and small Gallefoists Pinnaces Brigantines Masts Main-yards Oars and Rudders for their Sea vessels And for the Iron work Bullets of all sizes Nayls Chains Anchors with divers Plates of Iron as likewise for Brass all sorts of Ordnance and of all proportions And lastly of their Hempen works all sorts of Shrouds Sails and Cables To which several works continually attend a vast number of Workmen and excellent Handicraftsmen who being as it were born in that Place and from thence obteining their livelihood Neither delight in any other Place nor do no other thing but what there by their several Callings they are directed unto Therein are erected most ample Arches wherein their several Vessels are kept dry and built some fully finished some building and others repairing The next Curiosity is their spatious Halls full of Arms for defence in Maritine service as great Celades Cariages and Breasts and no less provided of Offensive Weapons as Pistols Daggers Bramble Sithes Partisans Javelins Two Handed Swords Cross-bows and Long-bows Others of those Halls are filled with Artillery as small and great Muskets Falcons whole Cannon Demicannon and Quarter Cannon Sacres and Culverins There are some pieces of A tillery which have from Three Barrels to Seaven which are called if I err not the Organs Engines made more for a certain Greatnesse and Magnificence than for use and service in War To say no more the whole is kept and governed with that order and neatness that it doth not onely delight the Beholder but would satisfie the most insatiable Appetite of gazers and fill them with a certain spritely and Martial Ardour In fine the Common wealth hath in this place all sorts of Ammunition of Warr as well for Land as Sea-service All Engines for offence all charges for defence and lastly all things whatsoever made ready either to set in order an Armado for Sea service or an Army for Land-service which may be needful And although from this place which may properly be called the Work-house and Store-house of War they every Day fetch Arms and Ammunition as well for their force upon the firm Land as upon the Sea Yet nevertheless by the daily labours of the Artizans 't is so restored that it seems to no more diminish than the Sea does by the many Rivers that issue out of it Furthermore here is kept the stately Galley called the Bocentoro adorned greatly with Gold and rich carvings which never goes forth but upon solemn Feast Dayes and particularly upon the Day of the Ascension of our Saviour on which Day the Prince in great state with a Train of the principal Senatours enter herein and being thence rowed to the Port of the two Castles near the Adriatick Sea there after certain Ceremonies the Duke solemnly marries the Sea and casts therein a Gold Ring in real assurance of this Republicks Dominion thereof This Republick allow the Greck Church a full liberty in Venice who use as much ceremony in their Religion as the Church of Rome but less superstition Nor have the Jewes mean privileges for provided they alwais wear a red hat to denote the Blood they wisht and drew upon their own heads when they crucified our Saviour and without which t is Lawfull for any one to kill them they have as great immunities in all things as the Naturals and more power than the Common sort here also they have a Synagogue for every Nation whereof they have nine in their Guetta or Court which is assigned them for their habitation Their concourse hither is from their immunities grown innumerable which I suppose may give as great occasion as any other for this Cities vast Traffique whereof she is Mistress in these parts as also for the rise and fall of the Exchange at the pleasure of her Merchants in their Bank are managed vast sumes of money and infinite exchanges dayly made and yet a very small sum of money told out or payed through the yeer such is the Reputation of those eminent Senators who are there the Bankers where most of the Merchants accounts are kept for a small matter the Ducket de Banco whereby they compute their greatest sums and govern their exchanges is but an
near which stands a Palace in manner of a Fortress built with those very Large squared wrought Stones which were brought from the other ruinated Palaces and Forts by Eccellino the Tyrant with a Fort and most fayr Tower in the yeer 1250 And is now possessed by the Count Giacomo Zabarella as is above said The seventh wonderfull Object of Padoua is il Prato della valle a Meadow so ample that t would alone contain a great City It was antiently called Campo Marzo the field of Mars from the Martial exercises there used and in this place were many Saints beheaded by the Pagans to such a number that they are wont to say that part which is compassed by Water was emplastered with the blood of those Martyrs Here every first Saturday of the Moneth is held a free Fayr or Market of all sorts of Cattel and other Creatures and at the Feast of Saint Antonio is a famous Fayr there which although it happens in the hottest Weather being there kept for fifteen days in the midest of June and that there are then many thousands of Creatures yet there is never seen a Fly to molest them If to these might be added an eighth Wonder we would name the Vineyard or Garden of the Knight Bonifacio Papa fava situate in the Street called Vanzo where besides a most fair and adorned Palace you beholds many statues of excellent workmanship and infinite numbers of Cittron and Orange Trees which forme lovely walks to the Passengers for beautifying whereof of those Trees are framed Arches and Prospects to delight the eye to whose confines is conjoyned a full stream of water brought from the main River by a curious Aqueduct which being confined to one Gate under the Wall gives at its utterance a sweet murmur and with its clear gurgling on every side washes the Foot of the Palace And the flowry bankes within which the said Rivolet is contained renders the Palace as it were in an Island of so specious delights and pleasant Savours that what is added by Art to that of Nature may well cause it to be termed the eighth wonder Hither flock for their Pastime the Ladies and Gallants of Padoua inviteing with them also the Foreiners with their Musick and other Pastimes where in the hottest Weather the shade of the Trees the Ampleness of the Walks the pleasantness of the Waters and the beauty of the site add to their other joys and delights a fresh Ayr. And although these beauties shew themselves in perfection yet that magnanimous Cavalier never ceases to illustrate it to his no small costs with greater delights and by this and his other Gallantries shewes himself to be born of that Family which for its Greatness and Dominion was no less formidable in Italy than renowned in Europe At this present resides here this Noble Person with his Brother Scipio Papafava Knight of the great Cross of the Order of Hierusalem Prior of Messina and the most worthy Primate of the whole Kingdome of Sicilia together with the virtuous Roberto Son of the above named Cavalier Bonifacio young in yeers but his conditions aâ—…d practices may challenge the ripest Age who is the Comendatory Abbot of Sebinico being Doctor of Philosophy of Divinity of the Laws a true Splendor to his Country and Family being conversant in the Greek Latine and Hebrew Tongues and well known in the Mathematicks as was testified by the singular experiments of his Ingenuity some Moneths since There flourishes likewise of this Noble Family at this time a numerous company of Cavaliers and great Subjects who degrade not from their most famous and Antient Progenitors of whom to speak but little will diminish from their Fame and much is not opportune in this place for their Ordinary dwelling these Signors have a Palace in the Street San Francesco Maggiore where they have Coppies of exquisite Books in all the Professions left them by Monsignor Ubertino Papafava Bishop of Adria Brother of Bonifacio besides many antient Manuscripts and Authors not yet printed which relate the Histories of this Family also the old coyning Press of the Carraresian Princes with other pretious monuments of this House preserved in the Chamber of Rowles of the said Palace which may be termed the most large and worth seeing of this City And now we come to the Spiritual wonders and Churches of Padoua whereof the first is the Domo or Cathedral Church situate near in the midst of the City The Padouans were converted to the Christian Faith by the predication of Saint Prosdocimo their first Bishopp authorized by Saint Peter who among others baptized Vitaliono the Chief Man in this City who therefore built the Church of Saint Soffia Henry the fourth Emperor enriched this Cathedral giving to it twenty seaven rich Canonicats of so good a revenew that they may be styled so many Bishops among which are four dignities that is to say Arch priest Arch. Deacon The Person that hath charge of the wax c. And the Deacon there are twelve under Canons six Custodi or Rectors and six Mansonary or Houskeepers and more than 60 other Persons and Clerks belonging to the Chapel besides the Masters of Grammar and Musick with many excellent Singers so that this Clergy exceeds a hundred Persons and their Revenew above a hundred thousand Duckats by the yeer which makes it the most noble and Rich of Italy and therefore t is that the Bishop of Padoua is styled a little Pope and his Canons with some reason the Cardinals of Lombardy for that their Chapter is alwaies filled with the Nobility of Venice Padoua and other Cities whereof so many have ascended to the Miter and Hatt that t is worthily called to this day the Seminary of Cardinals and great Prelates In this Church not elsewhere as is pretended lyes enterred the Wife of Henry the fourth whose name was Berta as is proved by this antique Inscription Praesulis Cleri praesenti praedia phano Donavit Regina jacens hoc marmore Berta Henrici â—…egis Patavi celeberrima quarti Conjunx tam grandi dono memoranda per aevum Under the Chorus within a rich Monument of Marble lies the Body of Saint Daniel one of the four Tutelars Two great Cardinals repose in this Church who were both Arch priests of the same that is to say Pileo de Pratta and Francesco Zabarella with other eminent Persons Pileo Conti di Pratta a Citizen of Padona and of Furlan was for his vertue created Bishop of Padoua and afterwards Cardinal of Saint Prassede by Pope Gregory the 11th and Apostolick Legate But in the yeer 1378. the Schism being risen between Urban the sixth his successor and Clement the Antipope he was deposed by Urban after whose death Bonifacio the ninth suceeding he was again created Cardinal with the Title of the Tusculan Bishop and Apostolick Legate and finally he dyed at Padoua and was buried in this Church in a sublime and most noble Arch with this memorial Pileus
Sacco from which the Bishop of Padoua takes his Title of Count a little beyond that stands Polverara where are bred the largest foul as Cocks and Hens of all Italy Near which begins the Sholes or Gulph of Venice between which appears the most antient now deserted Citâ—…y of Adria which formerly gave the name of Mare Adriaticum to the Sea now called the Golph of Venice Towards the North stands the Castle di Campo San Piero whence that Noble Family took its name and Original Between Padoua and Bassano is built a Citâ—…adel Towards the West is the City Vicenza with the famous Mountains Euganei so called in the Greek tongue for their excessive deliciousness whence the Padouans extract great quantities of Medicinal herbs Which Hils are neither part of the Alps nor part of the Apenines a thing scarce credible than which Constantiue Paleologo said as Rodigino reports that besides the Terrestial Paradice t was not possible the World could afford a place more full of delights At five miles distance from Padoua are extant the Baths of Albano where is to be admir'd the different kinds of Waters how out of a vast high cavernous Rock arises two sources of Water not above 2 foot one from the other of a perfect different nature the one whereof encrusts converts into a hard white stone not only the Banks by which it runs but what ever els is cast into it in creasing the saidc rustment of what is thrown in according to the time t is left in it and that which is more it begets Stone of the same nature upon the wheel of a Mill which is turned by its stream which every Moneth enforces the workemen to beat it off with Pickaxes that their Mill may not be hindred the Water hereof is never drunk by any creature being held very hurtfull but the other Water runs upon a light Sand is much more light in weight than the first and is divers times drank for sundty healthfull operatioÌ„s the people have dug the Earth in parts round the said Hill and have found Sulphure about the middle part and at the root of them having dug towards the East and South parts they have found Salt Abano at this day is nothing so much inhabited as we ought to believe it was heretofore by reason that upon any digging they often find underground many Reliques of Antiquity some also will have it that here they spun the finest Linnen Cloth On the other side of Abano stands the sumptuous and rich Monastery of Praia with the black Monks of Saint Renedict and near it the Church of Santa Maria di Monte Ortone Approaching whereunto is the Convent of the Fryars Ermitans of Saint Augustine called Scalci or without Shoos in which are sources of boyling water and mud excellent for pains and shrunk sinews though the difficulty with which they are come at renders them of less common use than they would be for they are a vast way in the Earth and in small quantities too but they are of a white colour and stiff as well wrought clay not black and dirty as those which are commonly gotten out of the adjacent Montagnone They pass from Padoua to Estè upon the River and upon the way espy the noble Castle of Monselice environed with most pleasant Hills also the foundations of a ruinated fortress where they gather infinite numbers of Vipers for the composing of that so much famed Venice Treacle On the left side whereof is the Hill Arquato Contrada much spoken of in memory of Franc Petrarca whose habitation being long there at length he gave up the Ghost and was there honourably interred in a sepulchre of Marble with this Epitaph enscribed which himself made as followes Frigida Francisci lapis hic tegt ossa Petrarcae Suscipe virgo Parens animam sate Virgne parce Fessaque jam terris caeli requiescat in Arce At this day also may be seen there his House his Chair and little Garden Two miles distant from Arquato upon a little Hill is Cataio a large Town of the Signors Obici thence they come to Battaglia a Parish near the River seaven miles after which one arrives at Estè a noble Castle and antient whence that Illustrious Family of Estè drew their Original Whose Palace is transformed into a Monastery by the Dominican Fryers From this Country they extract besides abundance of all other things for sustenance excellent Wines It contains 100000 Souls and the publick have 18000 Crowns of yeerly income There they ascend the Mountain of Vende where is a Monastery of the Fryers of Mount Oliveto three miles whence stands another Mountain where is the rich Abbacy and Monastery of the Fryers of Camaldol Tenn miles beyond Estè is seated the noble Castle of Montagnana nothing inferiour to that of Estè neither in Riches nor Civility where they much trade in Hemp. Eight miles farther is Lendinara a very strong Castle Town washed with the River Adice but the Ayr is a little gross in the Winter time it contayns 4000 Souls Near which is the Castle Sanguienedo in the Confines between the Venetians and the Duke of Mantoua where there is a fayr even way for eighteen miles length Isuing out of the gate of Padoua called S. Croce which leads to Ferrara first you meet Conselve heretofore a Castle of the Signori Lazara where stands the most delitious palace of the Count Nicholas of Lazara a magnanimous and generous Knight wherein Henry the third King of France and Poland quartered near it lies the Count Paludo whence the said Signor derives his Lordship t is a Country Noble and Fertile is a Convent of the Fathers Hermitans founded by Giovanni de Lazara Knight of S. Giacomo and Lieutenant General of the Venetian Cavalrie in the yeer 1574. After which is met Anguillara whereby the Adice passeth Farther on they go to Rovigo made a City by the Prince or Duke of Venice seated 25 miles from Padoua and 18 from Ferara It was built out of the Ruines of Adria whence t is not allocated above a mile t is hathed by an Arm of the Adice where are erected noble dwellings environed with a deep Ditch or Fosse which in circuit are about a mile its Country is most Fertile being compassed about with the 4 Rivers The Poe the Adice the Tartaro the Castagnaro And so it borrowes the name of Polesine which signifies Peninsula almost an Island from its length and the circum volution of those Rivers Many Illustrious Persons have added to the Glory of this their Countrey as the Cardinal Roverella Brusoneo the Poet Celio the Riccobuoni and Gio Tomaso Minadoi a most learned Physician who wrote the Persian History with other famous men It hath a Church dedicated to Saint Bellino heretofore Bishop of Padoua the Priests whereof with miraculous success restore to health such as are bit by mad Dogs whom they as suddainly cure as indubitably with
Facil ascent stands the Rotonda of the Signors Counts Oderico and Mario Capra Brothers so called from the round â—…upola at the top or likeness it hath with the Pantheon at Rome which covers the Hall of the same Figure They mount to it by four ample Marble pair of Stayrs where are four spatious Chambers worth seeing for the fair Columns which seem of an excellent Marble called Paris From each of which one may behold various prospâ—…cts from one an immense campagna another the large Theatre and Town the third mountains over Mountains the Fourth Land intermixt with Waters so that the eye rests marvelously contented The round of the said Hall garnished with Figures of Plaister of Paris and Pictures and bordered with gold receives its Light from the Top like the Pantheon of Rome The Chambers are all guilt mingled with Histories of excellent Invention and Pictures drawn by the hand of Alessandro Magaâ—…a a Vicentine Palladius made this his Masterpiece for t is so contrived that it conteynâ—… Geometrically a Round a Cross and a Square And if in any place the Heavens seem to display their eternal Beauty more than in other t is there They use to say that Apollo and the Sisters with their Chorus so journ there And that Bacchuâ—… resides in his deep Seliars which are so vast and filled with the best wines and they with so much liberâ—…lity and bounty free to all persons That they must not be passed without a visit nor the Gardens filled with Citrons and all sorts of outlandish Flowers all which are splendidly governed and freely shewed to all Strangers with all kind acceptance from the Patrons The passage over the Park of Longara planted with incomparable fruits by the said Counts will not appear tedious at your arrival at Custoza beautified with the Acquâ—…ducts for wind which driving the Fresoo upon the Palaces exceedingly temperate the heat of the Sun in Leo together with the most cool Wines kept in those great Cavernes in Snow whose dry and wholsome Ayr though as t were congeled makes them be infinitely frequented in the Summer as a most singular delight and without a Parallel On the right hand of Custoza having traversed the Bridge Bacchiglione and drawing some miles towards Padoua is seen the Castle of Montegalda formerly an important Frontier against the enemies but now by the benefit of this Peace become more like to the Castle of Alcina the storehouse for the Munition being now applyed to conteyn waters for the use of artificial fountains and the Ditches converted into walks planted with Citron and Orange Trees whose blossoms afford a most pleasant odour into the Palaces but not to come to near Padoua already so fully visited let us return by Custoza again to Vicenza and in the way thereto leading by the River side between it and the Mountains behold the Vicariate Barbatona whose Hils called Alcini a little hanging and receiving the heat of the Sun at high Noon afford those delitious wines esteemed only fit for the Palate of an Emperor called Monte Alcino From Vicenza desiring to go to Ferrara they travail by Poiana which terminates the confines on that side where the most Noble Palace of the Count of Poiana most worthy of its Builder Palladius and furnished with excellent Pictures deserves a serious view A mile forth of the Gate of Saint Bartolemeo stands the Palace of Circolo appertaining to the Count Pompeoi Triffino built after the modern Architecture by his Grandsir Giovan Ciorgio a famous Poet and no less skilled in this Art than in all others as well as the liberal Sciences which deserves a visit for its compact structure and excellent Invention whence advancing over a fair plain one reaches at some miles distance the pleasant Country of Breganza famous for its sweet and flavorous wines Turning on the left hand a rough Country conducts one to Maarostica a Seat for a Podesta and a large Castle the Country and Birth place of Angelo Mateaccio a most learned Man and Reader of the Civil Lawes for a long time in Padoua at the same time Alessandrio Massaria was Chief Reader in Phisick and of the Conte de Monte both Vicentines and the Escuâ—…pii of this our Age and from Marostica at three miles distance is seated Bassano now out of its Territories heretofore comprehended in them and to this day in Spirituals governed by the Bishop of Vicenza On that part of Breganze which is washed with the Aflico is Scituated Lonedo and the Palace of the Signory Coâ—…to Alessandro and Girolamo Godi built at excessive expence on those Craggy places whereto ascended though with much pains and some sweat t is compared to the Mount of Virtue for that having gained the Top there is found what may restore one with such plenty and gentleness that it may be said the Goddess Abondantia there had emptied her Basket The Architecture is most exact the Pictures of excellent hands the Prospects wonderfull the Fountains Beautifull and the Cittrons and sweet Flowers for all seasons not despicable but above all the affableness and Civilities with which the Padroâ—…i treat all Srangers is most to be admited Through the Gate Santo Croce they travel to Trento the Country whereto is bounded with a continued List of little Hills which afford most delitious Wines till arrived at Schio where they mount on very cragged waies Schio is a principal Town Seated at the feet of those Mountaines at 15. miles distance from the City filled with Merchandize and modities it conteins five thousand Souls a People neat and civil as well as Warlike It gave birth to Giovan Paolo Mamfrone who from a private Souldier arose to the chiefest honors in Wars and both he and his Son Giulio are not a little famed for their excellent Conduct and valour in Histories Through the same Gate taking the Strada militare at ten miles Journey presents it self Tiene a noble Town in a most pleasing scite and not a little beautified by the Palace of the Count Francesco Porta which though built after the antient Architecture is nevertheless full of Majesty beautified with springs of running water Labyrinths spacious Gardens Citron and Orange Trees and an Ayr pure and sweet even to ravishing admiration Two mile further upon the raised Hillock of Carè is lately erected the Romitorio by the Charity and free gifts of the Peaseants of Romiti Camladolensi whose situation with their quotidian industry and labour must soon render the place such and so beautifull that it may dispute the Palm with the chief houses of Religion From Piovene a large Town coasting the Monte summanno and the Torrent of Astice by the confines of Furni one arrives at Trento by a very ill way only capable of Horses at 28 miles end Along the Astico where they take red Trouts may be seen those Edifices wherein is mrde writing paper the Furnaces and Forges for Iron and the sawes which being drove by the Waters saw that Timber
the Castle Vichiera Tortona Allessandria Montferrate and then Piedmont The Journey from MILAN to BOLOGNA by the VIA EMILIA afterwards to FLORENCE and Lastly to ROME INtending to travel from Milan to Rome you must proceed out at the Roman Gate and after some space towards Lodi you meet on the right hand in the Territory of Milan the rich and famous Monastery of Chiaravalle to which the Abbot Manfredo Archinto among other Farms gave the great Vineyard Pilastrello which was formerly called the Vineyard of the Poor for that the wine there collected and thereof made was usually dispenc'd among the Poor being to that end preserved in one entire Vessel the greatest in the World which contayned 600. measures each of which held about threegallons was conjoyned with great Beams and encompassed with large Hoops which when empty hath for its grandure been held a worthy object to many People and to some Princes Kings and Emperors among which was Charles the fifth who disdained not to enter therein Somewhat further from whence in the Territory of Pavia lies the Town Landiciano and at tenn miles distant from Lodi the noble and rich Castle Meregnana and close by it runneth the River Lambro which brings to it delight and all sorts of provisions near it is the place where Francis the first King of France flew 16000. Switzers by whose deaths Massimilian Sforza happened to lose his Seignory and liberty thence six miles stands the Castle S. Angelo washed by the Lambro where every Wednesday is kept a fayr Market thence three miles you see the place where antiently stood Lodi the Old On the left of this fair way lies Cremona and other places whereof we have formerly treated in the voyage from Brescia to Milan on all fides you behold this Country abounding with Fruit and manured with Vineyards LODI THis City was founded by Frederick Barbarossa three miles distant from the old Lodi at whose foundation laying the said Federick with himself brought all his Princes and endowed it with many privileges which under the shadow of the Empire preserved it a long time in Liberty Afterwards it chose for its Lords the Vestarini it s own Citizens and in the end submitted to the Dukes of Milan The old Lodi was called antientiy Laus Pompeia for that it was restored by Pompeius Strabo Father of Pompey the great and this new Lodi was made a City by Corrado the second Emperour at the request of Erimberto Arch Bishop of Milan and though at his instance yet it no way abated the envy reigning in the breasts of the Milanesi for they in the yeer 1158. under Ussi for the great hatred between them destroyed it being not at all satisfyed with their throwing down of the Walls and driving away the Inhabitants un till they had inforced the Citizens to live in villages separate one from another at such distance that they might not assemble nor take Counsel how to restore their unhappy Country prohibiting them traffick and sale of any thing or to joyn in allyance under penalty of losing their patrimony and banishment into the like punishment fell such of them as went out of the place they were confined to under which misery and servitude they continued for 49. yeers But the Milanesi were severely chastized for this their cruelty by God the just Judge Their City Milan being not long after sacked and burnt by Frederick the Emperor This City situate in a plain is of two miles compass and a round form having a pleasant and sertile Territory environing it which produceth all sorts of Grain delicious Wines ane lovely Frui â—… The Pasture and Meadows are alwaies in a flourishing green being well preserved from the scorching heat by the overflowing of the Waters which for that conveniency are conveyed in 4. or 5. Chanels one above another almost to a wonder and so much to their advantage that they mow their Meadows 4. or 5. times a yeer which with their pasture affords them so much milk as is incredible to such as have not seen it wherewith they make abundance of Cheese and some of them weigh 500. weight here also they dry with salt those savory Calves Tongues so much admired every where It hath many Rivers and they afford excellent Fish particularly most delicate Eels The City contains 12000. Souls and many noble Families among others that of the Vestarini who a long time Reigned over it It hath also given Birth to many Persons no less eminent in Letters than Arms. It received the light of the Christian Faith from the preaching of Saint Barnabas at the time when Milan was therewith enlightned S. Bassano was Bishop of this City to whom a Church therein is dedicate enriched with sacerdotal habits embroideries of Gold and Jewels Cups Crosses Censors and other valewable Vessels T is washed with the River Adda over which there is raised a Bridge of Wood fix miles off which is the rich Abbacy of Borgheto and six miles thence stands mount Columbano much celebrated for the delicate Wines and fruit on the left hand of the Strada Ricca lies the Town Samalia with an Hospital and the Abbacy of the Fryers of Saint Gyralamo a little fartherly Lorlesco and Pusturlingo built by the noble Pusterli of Milan whence crossing the River by Boat about a mile lies Piacenza PIACENZA SOme will have this City to take its name from the Pleasantness of its fite and the beauty of its buildings nor have we any other Original for Piacenza T is seated near the Poe in a delightfull place having a flourishing Champagua and fruitfull Hills The first yielding plenty of Corn and other things for humane sustenance the later incomparable Wines delicate Fruits and Oyl The Meadows alwaies green by reason of the artificial flowing from the surrounding Rivers are continually stocked with great herds of Cattel whence they extract that cheese which for its goodness is so much cryed up through Enrope that when they would commend any Cheese they call it of Piacentia It affords also certain springs of salt water from which with fire they extract the whitest salt and some Mines of Iron and Woods filled with Creatures for the Chase. It was reduced into a Colony of the Romans together with Cremona in the 350th yeer after the building of Rome by their expulsion of the French out of that Country as Livy saies who of it makes an honourable mention in divers places as well as divers other Historians whence t is gathered that t was very flourishing in the time of the Romans since when it hath suffered many calamities more by civil than forein invasions In the 70th year after the Nativity of our Saviour when Vitellius waged War against Otho the Amphitheatre standing without its Wall was burnt which made Silio to say Quassata Placentia bello It is embellished with noble structures As the antient Fountain erected by Augustus Caesar the sumptuous Church of Santa Maria the Virgin the Church of
one of the first four of Italy here they make bread white as Snow and here they keep with great devotion the Garter of the Virgin Mary a little more near the Apenines is Monte Murlo much spoken of for the taking those Florentines which fled out of Florence and there embodied by Alessandro Vitelli Captain for Cosmus the Duke which secured his Principality PISTOIA AFter which entring a lovely Plain you meet the City Pistoia twenty miles off Florence which though little is neatly compact and rich and would have been better had it not much groned under the factions of its own Citizens Twenty miles of Pistoia stands Lucca which governs it self in Liberty and by the strength of its Wall the Richness of Trade and the Industry of its own Citizens maintains it self well with all things necessary t is an antient City and was made a Colony of the Romans Desiderius the King built its strong Walls which with its site enabled it to endure a six moneths siege by Narsetes towards the Sea stand yet the footsteps of the Temple of Hercules the River Serchio runs close by Lucca whence the famous baths of Italy are ten miles distant Out of Florence towards the West in that spatious Plain stands the Castles Empoli and Fucecchio there is also a Lake of that name as also San Miniato al Todesco so called for that t was built by certain Germans under Desiderius their King PISA COasting the River Arno you attain Pisa an antient City built long before Rome by the Grecians and was one of the 12 Cities of Tuscany it was powerfull at Sea and obtained many victories against the Genovesi it subdued Cartagine conquered the Island of Sardegna and delivered its King Prisoner to the Pope It recovered Palermo in Sicilia out of the hands of the Sarazens who had long enjoyed it it slew the Sarazen King of Majorca It sent 40 Galleys in assistance to Almerico King of Ierusalem against the Sarazens who possessed Alexandria It greatly assisted the Popes in their adversity It was so potent happy and rich that Saint Thomaso treating of the four things reckons it among the four most potent Cities of Italy But from that time that at the instance and request of Frederick Barbarossa it captivated so many Prelates of the Romi◅h Church two Cardinals which came from France to the Lateranian Council it only decayed from bad to worse till it lost Liberty and Power yet in process of time by the residence of the Knights of S. Stefano and the University it recovered and still preserves the Countenance of an honourable City Plato will have it well situated being four miles then now eight from the Sea so that t is not placed upon the Sea shore but near it not upon the Mountains but near them in a Plain just so divided from the royal River Arno as Plato fancies his City T is endowed with four things which create wonder the Church of Saint Iohn the Domo the Steeple and ◅ampo Santo which was raised with that very holy Earth which they brought home in their Galleys when 50 of them were sent to assist the Emperor in the recovery of the holy Land On one side of it lies Lucca on the other Livorgeo or Ligorne T was destroyed by the Florentines in the yeer 1509. Intending from Florence to Siena you must go out at the Porta Romana through which Charles the fifth entred after his Victory in Africk and so passing by the Monastery Certosini attain Cassano Tavernelli and Staggia by a direct way having pleasant hills and fruitfull Valleys on each side In the way appears the Castle Certaldo the Birth-place of Giovani Boccaccio the Prince of Tuscan Poets who dyed in the 62. yeer of his Age in the yeer of our Lord 1375. and was interred in a Marble Tombe in the Domo of Certaldo with this Epitaph Hac sub mole jacent cineres ac ossa Ioannis Mens sedet ante Deum meritis ornata laborum Mortalis vitae genitor Boccac◅ius ◅lli Patria Certaldum studium fuit alma Poesis Somewhat further stands the Bourg Saint Geminiano famous for its good wine Vernace T is adorned with fair Churches noble Palaces illustrious persons and a gentle people built by Desiderius King of the Longobardi Westward from which lies the antique City Volterra which was founded 100. yeers before the firing of Troy and 500. before the building of Rome t is built on a hill the ascent to whose top is 3 miles its Walls are of squared stones 6 foot long layed cemented without Mortar It hath five gates before each a Fountain of clear water within them two other stately Fountains with many antiēt statues on thē old Epitaphs it hath a rich Territory is subject to the great Duke it produced Persio the poet and divers other wits beyond it lies the Sea On its left hand lies Ancis◅ the Country of St. Francis the Patriark Fighine and other good places AREZZO TRavailing towards the East you meet Arezzo accounted one of the antient twelve The Aretines contributed 30000. Crowns as many Celades with other Kinds of Weapons to the Romans and 120000. bushels of Wheat to furnish the Armada of 40 Galleys which was to convoy Scipio against the Carthaginians It hath suffered many and many calamities but with the government of Cosmus the great Duke it began to take breath and restore it self Pliny saies their Vessels of Earth were in his time esteemed the best of Italy San Donato its Bishop was there Martyred in the time of Valentinian the Emperor who baptized L. Zembio the Tribune and then endowed the Church of Arezzo wherein lies buried S. Loren◅o and Pellegrino brothers and Martyrs and Gregory the 10th chief Bishop the house of Petrark is yet to be seen there begins the State of the Church On the direct way to Siena stands Poggibonzi a place noted for the perfumed Tobacco composed there which the Italians take as profusely in powder as the English in pipes as also Ascia and near it Siena SIENA Paolo V. THis City was named Siena from the Galli Senoni who resided there under Brennus their Captain and built it on the back of the hill Tuffo t was made a Colony by the Romans and afterwards underwent the same misery with the other Cities of Tuscanie In process of time it recovered liberty and therewith its former emulation with Florence against whom it fought and obtained a glorious victory after which it became subject to the Petrarci it s own Citizens whome discarding it continued a free State till the yeer 1555. when the great Duke recovered it It s ayr is very good and wholesome Its Inhabitants very courteous who profess and speak the purity of the Italian Language without the Porta Romana the City appears with a great deal of Majesty being beautifyed by the many Towers raised in honour of such persons as performed some eminent service for the Common Wealth among
of it On the left side of the said Lake is Orvieto Cagnarea and Tevere all Cities On the right the City Soana the birth place of Pope Gregory the 7th at present almost uninhabited Petigliano and Farneso appertainning to the noble Family of Farnesi in Rome somewhat further is the City Castro of the said Farnesies so surrounded with Rocks and Cavernes that it appears to the Enterers rather an obscure Den for wilde beasts than habitations for Men. From whence walking towards the Sea you finde Orbello Talamoni Monte Argentaro and Port Ercole all stately places subject to the King of Spain On whose right-hand they shew the noble Castle Tuscanello subject to the See of Rome so antient that if it be permitted to beleeve them they say it was built by Askanius Son of Eneas and upon one of the ports appears an old Marble with an Epitaph carved thereon shewing his Original and descent As also the City Cornetto by the antient Tuscans dedicated to Pan whose stately antique Walls shew it to have been an honourable City Pope Gregory the fifth was born there Giovanni Vitalesco a Cardinal and Father Mutio a Jesuite with many other famous Men seaven miles off Cornetto stands Civita Vecchia on the Sea shore a fortified Port. On the left hand of the Via Regia lies Horti an antient City which is the Tuscan boundarie Further off is Tevere and the Lake Basanello in Latine Lacus Vadimonis and hereabouts stands Bassanello Castello Magliano Civita Castellana Galese and the Via Flaminia which leads from Rimini to Rome In the way from Bolsena to Rome is the Grove Monte Fiascone where the Antients with great ceremony and solemnity were wont to sacrifice to the Goddess Giâ—…one near which stands the old City Mionte Fiascome which was a long time besieged by Camillus who was not able to reduce it for the strength of its site It s Territory yeelds Moscatella Monte Fiascone being passed you enter a large and pleasant Plain in which stands Viterbo antiently called Vetulania but Desiderius the King having inclosed it Longhola Tussa and Turrenna within one Wall by his Edict yet to be read in a white Marble Tablet in the Palace of Viterbo commanded it to be called Viterbo t is head of the Church Patrimony and behind it lies Monte Cimeno T is adorned with stately Edifices amongst which the Domo is famous where four Popes ly buried Iohn the 21. Alexander the 4th Adrian the 5th and Clement the 4th and the Church Santa Rosa wherein that Saints body is kept entire an admirable Fountain casting out great quantity of water This City was a long time subject to the Vecchi and Gotti its Citizens who driven out it submitted to the Pope T is well inhabited with a civil people and abounds with Corn Oyl Wine and Fruits in its Territory are eleven Rivers which store it with excellent Fish It wants not Baths of warm water among the rest those of Bolicano are named for their Miraculous virtue A mile forth the City stands the Church Quierria dedicate to the Virgin Maria finally it hath afforded Men of excelling Judgements From this City you ascend the Mountain Viterbo called Mons Cyminus by the Latins upon which is the Castle Canepina near thereto stood formerly the Castle Corito built by Corito King of Tuscany whose foundations yet remain there also was then a thick and terrible Wood through which none durst pass no more than the Calidonian or Hercinian Wood but at present the Trees are cut and a way comodiously layed out At the Foot of this Mountain towards the South is the Lake Vico in Latin called Lacus Cyminus near it stands the Village Viro and the Castle Soriano where there was an inexpugnable Fort whence for 60 yeers the Brittons Souldiers could not be expelled Pursuing the way towards Rome you finde Ronciglione which hath a lovely Fountain and Caprinica inhabited by 500. Families beyond which lies Sutri an antient City built as is believed by the Pelasgi a Grecian people before Saturnus came into Italy The Romans taking the advantage of this City assaulted the Tuscans and overcame an Army of 60 thosand Tuscans Spoletines and Ombri It s ill ayr renders it near uninhabited Beyond Ronciglione lies Caprarola a Castle of the Farnlsies where whatever can be desired for Recreation is competently pro vided for by Cardinal Alexandro Farnese Not far distanr from it is Civita a City now of smal importance though antiently because they would not assist the Romans then afflicted by Hannibal we find them by the Romans condemned al Doppio Passing on the Via Regia one meets Rofolo a Bourg adjacent to a Lake of immense profundity two miles beyond it Campagnana and npon the same way a standing Pool where was Cremera a Castle built by the Fabii and destroyed by the Vesenti here weâ—…eslain in one day by the said Vesenti 500. Servants and 300. persons of that Family for having privatly complotted an insurrection for their Country Rome against them one Childe sleeping in a Cradle escaped and became the restorer of the Fabii in Rome More forward stands the Town Baccano and the Wood called Bosco di Baccano which was lately a harbour for Assassinates and other people disposed to ill whence it grew into a proverb when we would advise any one to stand uppon his guard to say Perche siamo nel Bosco de Baccano but through the vigilance and care of the late Popes t is almost a secured passage On the right-hand stands Anguillara a Town of much Fame whose Lords having behaved themselves gallantly have acquired to themselves and Country eternal honour The Signori Orsini possesse it and Bracciano which is entitled a Dutchy From the aforenamed Lake runs the River Arone whence the Romans convey by pipes the water they called Sabatina from the Lakes name Sabatina Towards the Sea lies the Monastery Santo Severa made now a Fort and Ceri a Castle upon the shore On the left hand of the Via Regia lies the Via Flaminea and six miles beyond Beccano Isola then Storta two Towns and thence t is seaven miles to Rome One may also travail from Bologna to Rome on the Via Emilia and so pass Imola Faenza Forli Cesena and Rimini IMOLA IMola called in Latine Forum Cornelii enjoyes a good Ayr a fruitful Territory a commodious situation for all things Narsetes in the yeer of Christ 550. destroyed it but Dasone second King of the Longobardi restored it and called it Imola Galeazzo Sforza Son of Francis Duke of Milan possessed it and gave it in Dowry to Girolamo Riario Savonese in Anno 1473. some time after t was taken forcibly by Cesar Borgia Son of Pope Alexander the 6th finally after several other Lords it became under the power of the Church who yet keep it in peace Martial the famous Poet resided here for
some time as may be drawn from his verses and many Illustrious persons were born here COTIGNOLA BEtween Imola and Faenza stands Cotignola a Castle small but strong near the River Senio encompassed with thick Walls and profound Dikes the Castle was built by the Forlevesi and Faentini but the Walls and Ditches by Giovanni Aguto Captain and Standard-bearer to the Roman Church to whom t was given by Pope Gregory the 11th It was the Birth-place of Sforza Attendolo the first of the Sforzesean Family who wrought himself at a Pickax and yet in less than one hundred yeers his line and Family hath yeelded one Empress many Queens Marqueses Dukes Counts Captains Bishops Arch-Bishops Cardinals and other eminent persons FAENZA FAenza is divided by the River Lamone which passeth between the Bourg and the City where there is a strong bridge of Stone which conjoyns the City with the Bourg and the Via Emilia T is ancient and the first Founders are unknown it enjoys a serene healthfull Ayr a fertile Territory and a people good-natured and lovers of their Country Here they make the best and finest Vessels of Earth of all Italy It hath produced men eminent in all the Sciences It was several times destroyed by Totila King of the Goths Frederick Barbarossa and by a Captain of the Brittones but Frederick the second Nephew of the first built that Fort cast down and levelled the Walls in rhe yeer 1240. which now are seen for that by their fidelity to the Church they gave him great difficulty to take it The Manfredi then got it and rebuilt the Walls from them the Bolonians took it from them Mainardo Pagano its Citizen a great Captain and from him the Venetians from whom after the rout they received at Giarad Adda by Lewis the 12th King of France it returned again to the devotion of the Church under whome it hath ever since continued BRISIGELLA THis Town is seated in part on a Plain and in part on the side of a hill it hath two Forts the one on the East called the Tower where with the touch of a Bell they give notice how many Horses enter the other on the West both set at the outmost part of the Town It hath two Fountains the Water of the one so sweet and light that none is accounted better the other so gross and heavy that they give it not to their Beasts but account it only fit for cooling their Wine and cleansing and dying their silks which shine more here than elsewhere and that is attributed to the crudity of this water It s Territory is called la Valle d'Amone from the River so named which having its sourse from the top of the Alps of Florence with little water in a short course driving Mills runs thorow the Valley to Faenza This Valley and Territory contains 48. Villages every one having its own Parish and a sufficient allowance for its Pastors The Farmers are rich and civil they muster 800. Men who are well exercised youth and the best armed of any in the Ecclesiastick State Which Villages are all contained under the name Bresigiella The said Valley is so fertile in Wine Oyl Corn and other necessaries that though there be 18000. Souls yet one yeers crop affords sustenance enough for all them for two yeers were it not exported into other Countreys It hath one noble Palace belonging to the Signori Spadi which hath all the coumodities of Church Fishponds Fountains Gardens Vineyards Wood for Foul Conservatories for Snow with all sorts of trees of exquisite fruit Citrons Lemons Oranges Pynes and other delights that may be required this is alwaies so well accommodated with all necessaries for the Kitchin houshold-stuff and Plate that whenever any Prince or Embassador arrives they need not transport thither the least thing there is one Oake which five men cannot brace This Town hath one eminent Collegiate for the Prelates every Wednesday they keep here a Market so great for all things that it attracts infinite People for which they pay no toll It flourished in Arms two Ages past through the nobility generofity and Valour of the Family of Naldi the statues of Vicenso and Dionisio Naldi are in Venice erected And in Religion and Learning by many famous Men. The Voyage or Journey from MILAN to CREMONA to MANTOVA to FERRARA and to RIMINI IF you would see the places distant from the Via Emilia when you are arrived at Lodi you must go towards the Adda Eastward and at twelve miles distance meet Castiglone and see Castle Novo and Pizzichotone a famed Place for that Francis the first King of France being taken Prisoner by the Imperialists under Pavia was reteined there till by Order of the Emperor Charls the fifth they embarked him at Genoua for Spain hence t is but 15. mile to Cremona all good and direct even way CREMONA the Faithfull CRemona is built on the banks of the Poe in the 7th Climat on the West parts of Italy t is eight miles in circuit environed with Walls Bastions and Ditches and hath one Cittadel on the Eastpart the most stupendious strong and formidable work in all Italy Its first Founders are not known but their judgements approved for its good Ayr. It was a good Colony of the Romans and alwaies maintained such fidelity to its Princes that among the Cities of Italy it merited the surname of faithfull In the time of the Triumvirate of Augustus Antony and Lepidus it suffered much misery its Territories being divided also among the Souldiers whose neighbourhood to Mantoua made it participate in misery and caused Virgil to lament in his 9th Ecloge Mantoua vel miserae niâ—…ium vicina Cremonae Cornelius Tacitus relates its then wofull sufferings Afterwards in Anno 630. it was all cast down by the Gothes Longobards and Slaves and 600. yeers after that destroyed by Frederick Barbarossa and depopulated But afterwards it was restored and amplified and governed in liberty till through civil discords Uberto Palavicino got the dominion who driven out certain lesser Lords kept it in servitude as now Cavadabo now the Ponzoni now the Fonduli now the Visconti whoever of them was conqueror got it and with the conquered it alwaies suffered Also the Venetians French and Sforzeschi had it by Arms but now the King of Spain reigns in it and maintains in great tranquillity Sigismond the Emperor to gratifie Gabrino Fondalio granted it license for a publique University with all such privileges immunities and exemptions as those of Paris or Bologna enjoyed The ordinary buildings are so great that they may be termed Palaces reared with great expense and excellent Architecture Ir hath broad streets with Orchards Gardens and Mills as well within as without the City a chanel for driving them being brought from the River thorow the City It hath one Tower so high that it is reckoned among the wonders of Europe which was built in the yeer 1284. Upon it at one instant were Pope John the 22th
said Bembo Exiguo tumulo Danthes hic sorte jacebas Squallenti nulli cognito pene situ At nunc marmoreo subnixus conderis arcu Omnibus cultu splendidiore nites Nimirum Bembus Musis incensus Hetruscis Hoc tibi quem in primi hae coluere didit And with this other Inscription which the said Dante near his death composed Iura Monarchiae superos Phlegetonta lacusque Lustrando cecini voluerunt Fata quousque Sed qua pars cesset meliorib hospita castris Actorumque suum petiit faelicior astris Hic claudor Danthes patriis extortis ab oris Quem genuit parui Florentia mater amoris The biggest Church of Ravenna is the Arch-Bishops upon whose high Altar was formerly sustained a massy Silver heaven or canopy on four Pillars which was worth 30000. Crowns with excellent ornaments wrought with Gold all which were taken away by the sacriligious people of Lewis the 12th King of France when without any difference he sacked this City for which they afterwards received from the most high condigne punishment being most of them cut in pieces or forced to leap into the Poe or Tesino where they drowned themselves In a Semicircular Chapel are Limned those first Arch-Bishops of Ravenna elected by the shewing of a Dove in Mosaick work a fair piece whose election was after this manner Sant Apollinare believed one of the 72 Disciples of Christ then ascended into Heaven departing from Antiochia with Saint Peter togo to Rome had in his passage taught the Christian Faith at Ravenna and afterwards stayed there to govern it whom none of the Disciples by him left judged themselves sit to succeed to govern that Church where fore all of them together withdrew themselves into a Temple to pray to God to demonstrate to wâ—…h of them it would please his Divine Majesty to commit that care whereat the holy Spirit in the form of a Dove descended upon the head of one who was understood by it to be elected by God to that Dignity after which manner eleaven Arch-Bishops were successively chosen And the Casement whereat the Dove entred is yet apparent though half shut over the Arch of the high Altar in the Church of Spirito Santo in this City in which Church on the left hand is a heap of Bricks near which in a Corner stood Severus a mean person and a simple Man upon whose head the holy Spirit descended visible to all he being the last of the eleaven T is worth ones pains to view the Church of Saint Apollinare called the golden heaven built most sumptuously by Theodorick King of the Ostrogoths it hath two ranks of most noble great Columns brought hither by that King from Constantinople and is garnished with many pretious Marbles extracted from Rome and other places of Italy and also some other Churches In Ravenna are many antiquities Epitaphs and antient Memorials whose Letters and words require a University of Interpreters The ruines of a stately Palace supposed King Theoricks appear yet in the midst of its Fountain is a statue of Hercules Horarius not elsewhere found Hercules stands like an Atlas bending with his left knee as ready to rise who with his two hands elevated and his head together supports a Solar Horologe whereon the shadow of the needle from the Sun shewes the houre of the day A like statue of Hercules was found in Rome in the Vineyard of Steffano del Buffalo which instead of the Horologe supported a round Globe with the Celestial Signs distinctly figured but this difference is not of any great moment nearly weighing the Signification of the thing for the knowlege of the hour arose from the observation of the Celestial motion and t is the Sun distinguishes the hour who by his annual course visites the whole Cirk of the Firmament which hath caused some to conjecture that Hercules signifies the Sun and that the 12 labours counted as of a Mans is the Ingress of the Sun through the twelve Signs in the circuit of the skies whereby the Sun of it self casts forth its beams persuing which Opinion misteriously though with somewhat accult sense they apply to the sun all the other Fables of Hercules which are two tedious here to be applyed let it suffice to have spoken so much to the purpose of that statue to rouse up our youth into a more near Scrutiny of the sense of the Fables of the antients from the knowledge wherein may be extracted many natural secrets hid under those their sayings and Fables Before Ravenna stands a most antient round Church of the blessed Virgin being so fair and large that the inward circle is 25. foot in diametre The walls are finely wrought and all the pavement is layed with small stones of various colours disposed into divers pleasing figures after the Mosaick work the Roofis of one squared entire hard stone hollowed in the midst whereof is the Cupola whereby the light penetrates t is scarce imaginable how or by what Art so great a stone could be mounted so high nor where had the Edge or Plate on the Walls at top as near as can be guessed are about 35 foot in circuit above the said Edge on the top four fair Collumns in former times susteyned the noble Sepulchre of Theodorick King of the Ostrogothes of Porphire specled with white being one entire stone eight foot long and four foot high with a cover of Brass figured and wrought to admiration with gold and othergarnishments which Tombe t is supposed Amalesunta his Daughter erected but in the time of the French war the wicked Souldiers of Lewis the 12th King of France with hopes of some great booty within drew it down and broke it whereof some Reliques yet remain Three miles forth the City in the way to Forli runs the River Ronco on the Bank whereof stands a Cross of stone in testimony that in the year 1512. Gastone de Fois Captain of the French Army there obtained a victory with the loss of his own life for that being too fiercly bent against his enemies he advanced two forward with very few in full speed of his Horse and of a sudden was dead in which battail dyed that day eighteen thousand Souldiers between French Spaniards Italians Germans and Switzers CERVIA NEar Ravenna lies that notable Wood called Pigneda from the infinite number of Pyne trees there growing whose Fruit supply all Italy Some miles beyond which stands Cervia a City but ill peopled by reason of the malignant ayr all whose Inhabitants are such as get a livelyhood by making Salt with salt-Saltwater dryed in the Sun whereof they make such quantity that white Salt lies in Mountains In it is nought worth noting unless the model of so old a City built meerly for necessity The Cathedral Church although it hath a good revenue seemes but a Church of a Villa near it lies a Tomb of Marble in form of a Pyramide with two lovely Children carved at the foot of it After it had
been under several Lords in Anno 1527. it became a part of the Church Patrimony and so continues Whence you must passe the River Savio in whose Port Caesar Octavianus prepared a great Armada and then to the River Pistatello formerly called Rubicone famous not only for that the Romans made it the bound of two Provinces calling the one towards Rome Italia and the other towards the Alpes Gallia Cisalpina and commanded that no Commander of what quality soever should presume to pass that River towards Rome with armed Souldiers but also for that Iulius Caesar afterwards against the determination of the Senate and people of Rome conducted his Army over that River towards Rome where he first consulted by reason of the dangerous consequence might ensue so rash a Deed and in the end resolved and passed saying Eatur quo Deorum ostenta inimicorum iniquitas vocant Iacta sit alea and upon his demurr there he saw certain Birds fly called Augurii which to his Judgement seemed to invite him to transport those Souldiers he had commanded in France to commence a War against Rome his Mother and Country Travailing from Ravenna to Rimini on one hand lies the Sea and on the other fertile and pleasant Fields the Via Flaminia and Alpes at whose Feet stands the stately City Forli FORLI T Is believed that after Asdrubal was slain by the Roman Consul Livio Salinatore then united with Claudius Nero certain old Souldiers built a Castle and called it Livio in honour of the said Livius the Consul a mile and halfe's distance from where Forli now stands but because in the Via Maestra there was a fair Town wherein they made their Mart for Merchandize and Seat of Judicature for that cause called Foro they say that the Inhabitants of Livio after some time cousidering that t was more comodious to inhabite the said Town than their Castle Livio agreed with the Townes men to cohabite together and accordingly by Common consent with leave of Augustas which was easily obtained through the mediation of Livia his consort and Cornelio Gallo a Liviese they conjoyned those two names Foro and Livio and for brevity called the place Forli which in Latine by the name clearly appears being called forum Livii which union was made in the time that our Lord Christ was being on the Earth and 208. yeers after the first foundation of the Castle Livio Forli is placed between the Rivers Ronco and Montone enjoyes a delicate ayr with a most fertile Country in Wines Oyls Corn and Fruit together with Coriander seed Anniseed Cumin-seed and Woad in great abundance The men of Forli are for the most part gallant beyond measure and retains the martial disposition of their first Founders It was a long time subject to the Romans after them to the Bolonians and because four Bolonians banished out of Bolonia were courteously entertained in Forli the Bolonians raised a great Army against them but in a Battail received such an overthrow by the Forlesi that they never could raise their heads after it whereby the Bolonians power being abated the Forlesi yielded themselves up to the Roman Church from whome afterwards revolting Martin the 4th dismantled it and threw down the Walls consigning it to the Family Monfredi from whom it passed to the Ordelasi who again Walled it round but Sistus the 4th gave it to Giorlamo Biario Savonese whom Caesar Borgia Son of Alexander the 6th expelled and and took it by force of Arms but at last in the time of Giulius the second it again returned to the Church under whom to this day it continnes in peace and fidelity it hath yielded many learned and brave men as Guidon Bonato Rainiero Biondi and others BRITTONORO ABove Forli stands Brittonoro called in Latine Forum Trijarinorum this City is built upon a hill and above it hath a strong Fort fatal to Frederick the second it was a Town but created a City at the instance of Egidius Carrilla a Spanish Cardinal and Legate of Italy who having destroyed Forlimpopoli transferred thence his Episcopal Seat to Brittonoro in Anno 137. it participates a most happy Ayr and rich Country in Olives Figgs Vynes Fruitful Trees and good Waters It hath one place erected intentionally for a prospect where you have a full view of the Adriatick Sea of Dalmatia Croatia Venetia and all Romagna at one instant Barbarossa the Emperor at the instance of Pope Alexander the third being reconciled to the Venetians for this beautiful prospects sake requested Brittonora of the Pope for his habitation but the Pope perpending the constant fidelity of this People to the Sea of Rome prevayled with the Emperor by fair words not to take from the Churches government a place that in all occasions had demonstrated so sincere a Faith to it and so it continued under it till Alexander the 6th consigned it to Caesar Borgio his Son after whom the civil discords had almost destroyed it its Inhabitants being so prone to Arms that they know not how to live in Peace Finally Clement the seaventh consigned it to the Family Pii who yet enjoy it FORIMPOPOLI A Mile and halfe from Brittonoro on the Via Emilia stand Forlimpopoli called in Latine Forum Popilii which is one of the four Fori recorded in Pliny on the Via Emilia T was a City but in the year 700. Vitaliano being Pope Griomaldo King of the Longobardi secretly entred it on the Sabbath day when all the People with the Bishop were at Divine Service and slew all the Males and Females which done he sacked the City and levelled it with the ground It was afterwards renewed by the Forlinesi and again destroyed by Egiddio Carilla the Popes Legate dwelling in Avignone who in the yeer 1370. plowed it and sowed it with salt for its utter extirpation transferâ—…ng the Episcopal Seat to Brittonoro as afore aid twenty yeers after which Sinibaldo Ordelafo Lord of Forli repaired it and built the formidable Castle now there It enjoyes a good ayr fertile Fields and a great Ferry affording ample profit Bofello a most holy man of of stupenduous miracles was its Bishop in the Catalogue of Saints whose holy bones now lye in the Church called Santa Lucia Antonel lo Armuzzo with his Sons Meleagro and Brunoro much honoured this Country who by his Genius and strength from a mean person acquired the dignity of being Captain of the Popes Cavalry SARSINA NEar Forlumpopoli is seated the City Sarsino at the foot of the Appenines whose Citizens furnished 20000. Armed Souldiers in supply to the Romans against the French when they made a most furious eruption over the Alpes into Italy Its ayr is healthfull and Territory abounds with Olivs Vines and other fruitful Trees It continued a long time under Malatesti but when Rimini became subject to the Church Sarsina yeelded with it afterwards Leo the 10th bestowed it on the house of Pii this City gave birth to Vicino Bishop of Liguria a most holy man
and famous for working miracles which property his body lying in the Cathedral Church yet retains in operation over such persous as were oppressed with evil spirits lye expelling them As also to Plautus that antient and famous Comick Latin Poet who t is commonly held for truth wrought here at the Bake-house as a Baker for a lively-hood and when he had any spare time he composed his Comedies and sold them the better to supply his necessities Which Opinion Eusebius also confirms CESENA CEsena lies at the foot of a Hill near the River Savio which so rapidly runs by it down from the Apenines that it overflows and infests many grounds before it runs into the Sea This City hath a strong Cittadel upon the hill adjoyning to the heart of the City by means of a Pyle built by Frederick the second Emperor now near ruined T is worth ones pains to see the Church where on the roof hangs a piece of a poudered Hog nayled to it in remembrance of a Miracle wrought thus San Pietro the Martyr caused the Convent of Saint Domenick to be built in the time of whose strncture craving Almes for the Love of God it happened that this piece of the Poudred Hoggs flesh was bestowed on him whereof he gave and fed the Workemen and Labourers till the said Convent was finished and still there remained that which now hangs up there for that what ever the Saint cut off grew increased day by day in the same manner and quantity as in its first state as if it had not been at all touched or diminished It abounds with excellent wines and all other necessaries It s original is not known yet t was ever and is still well peopled It was under the Emperors the Church the Bolonians the Ordolasi Mighardo di Sussenna and the Malatesti the last of whom Malatesto Novello collected a stately Library not now so despicable also to be passed without a view in the Monastery of Saint Fraucis who surrendred the City to the Church from whom t was wrested by Caesar Borgio called Duke Valentino Son of Alexander the 6th and from him it once more returned in obedtence to the Church and so continued in quiet ever since on the Mount near it is a Church called Maria del Monte Cesena where the Benedictines serve RIMINI THe number of Antiquities through this City shew it very antient T was beautifyed divers times by Augustus Caesar and the succeeding Emperors with sumptuous Fabricks whereof the reliques yet remaining give asussicient testimony many Historians relate that t was made a Colony of the Romans before the first Punick War together with Benevento Publius Sempronius Sofo and Appius Claudius Son of the Blind being Consuls which was 485 yeers after the foundation of Rome After which t was held and inhabited by the Romans as a Fortezza in those Confines against the French and there most of the Roman Commanders designed with Armies to forein Countries were wont to make their Rendezvous signifying to their People what day they should there render themselves as Livy more plainly sets down T was called Rimini from the River Rimini which washes it The Picenti first justly held it but they were overcome by Appius Claudius who triumphed for it and dilated the Empire from Esino or Fiumefâ—…no to the River Pissatello T is seated in a most fertile Plain having on the East and West parts of it excellent plow-Lands on the South great plenty of Gardens Orchards OliveWoods and Vineyards upon the hills of the Apenine Mountains and on the North the Adriatick Sea all which as t were in emulation strive which shall exceed the other in affording of necessaries and delicacies of all sorts to its Inhabitants T is a comodious and fair City replenished with structures alla Mo derna in the Piazza is a glorious fountain sprouting sweet and clear waters through several pipes Towards the Sea are some Reliques of a stately Theatre over the River Arimino stands a Bridge built with large square Marble stones by Augustus which conjoins the Via Flaminia to the Via Emilia and the City to the Suburb which is 200. foot long in 5. Arches and 15. broad whose sides are wrought in Dorick structure upon one of which is inscribed the Titles of Augustus Caesar and on another those of Tiberius Caesar whence we compute this Bridge was finished 778. yeers after the foundation of Rome C. Calvisius and Gn. Lentulus than Consuls being begun by Augustus who much laboured to beautify and accomodate the ViaFlaminia sparing no cost and finished in the daies of Tiberius Some part of the old Port appears yet but so inconfiderable that it can onely receive small boats But how great and magnificent this hath been may be collected from that proud and stupendious structure the Church San Francesco which was built by Sigismond Maltesta Prince of this City with the Marble Stones haled out of the old Port. At the Porta Orientale leading to Pesaro is a fair Marble Arch erected there in honour of Augustus Caesar when having been seaven times Consul he was elected for the eighth he having fortified and adorned by commission of the Senate and Will of the People of Rome the five chief Roads of Italy as may be guessed from those few legible fragments of carved Letters yet remaining whereby it appears that the Via Flaminia was of great consideration Augustus having assumed to himself the care of accommodating that Road from Rome to Rimini as Suetonicus recounts and given the charge of accommodating the rest to certain illustrious Men with order to dispose what ever spoiles they took from the Enemies to that purpose For a memorial of which publique benefit are yetextant certain moneys or medals of Gold then stamped with the Effigies of Augustus with his titles on the one side and on the other an Arch with two Doors elevated over a Way on the top whereof sits Victory driving a triumphal Chariot with these words Quod viae munitâ—… sint which words declare the occasion of that great honour done to Caesar was for his care and cost in amending the high Waies publick Roads Of which Arch now wholly destroyed many Reliquesly on the Via Flaminia even to Rome But the shortest way to Rome is to go over the Hills which ly South-ward from Rimini where stands the Castle Fiore to pass the River Isauro thirty miles whence is Urbino and eight miles more is Acqualagna there to enter the Via Flamâ—…nia and travail to Umbria In the Via Flaminia on the right hand upon a Hill is Verucchio the first habitation of the Malatesta to whom it was given by Otho the Emperor and higher in the Mountains is the Bourg S. Martino in in Latine Acer Mons a noble rich and well-peopled Place which hath ever preserved it self in full Liberty nor was it ever conquered which at a distance looks like a confused heap of Mountains without way or means to ascend to On the same
French San Giacomo for the Spaniards San Tomaso for the English San Pietro for the Hungarians Santa Brigida for the Swedes San Giovanni and San Andrea for the Dutch San Giovanni Battista for the Florentines San Giovanni Battista near the Banks of the Tyber for the Genâ—…veses instituted â—…nd endowed by Media dusto Cicala besides many houses both for poor and Orfanes of which no particular Catalogue is set down least filling the volume with the less conside rable we leave not space for the more observable things in Rome In the Popes Palace called the Vatican are the Libraries The one contains selected choice books alwaies shut up The other two filled with Latin and Greek Books written by the Pen in parchment are as much open and free to any students for two hours in the day which were furnished by Pope Nicholas the 5th And now there is a new one collected by Pope Sistus the 5th The Inscriptions Pictures and Verses of which were made publique by the judicious Pen of Angelo Rocca Bishop of Tagasta Some other Libraries in Rome are worthy notice to wit that of Santa Maria del Popolo Of Santa Maria soprala Minerva Of Santo Agostino of Vallicola of Saint Andrea and of the Jesuists Colledge besides three others which at the siege and sacking of Rome were robbed or burnt The Popes Gardens where Persons of Quality have free ingress together with the houses and Gardens of the Cardinals and other noble Persons of Rome yeeld ample solace aud recreation to the Lovers of Antiquity by their great varieties in those particulars These Pallaces omitting many others deserve a serious and timely visit to wit that of the Family of the Conservadori nel Campi doglio of the Massini of the Busali of the Rucellai of the Furnesi of the Colonne the Mattei Cevoli and Borghesi together with the Pallace Latterenense royally repaired by Pope Sistus the 5th The City Rome was antiently divided into nineteen Praecincts or Wards whereof at present remain but these 14. de Monti della Colanna del Ponte del Arenula della Rogola della Pigna del Capitello di Transtevere di ..... del Campo Martio di Sant Eustachio di Sant Angelo della Ripa del Borgo The six stones Bridges built over the Tevere or Tyber are these Ponte Molle or Milvio two miles distant from the City without the Porta del 〈◊〉 Ponte Angelo or Elio antiently Ponte Gianiculese built by Pope Sistus Ponte Saint Bartolemeo or Costio Ponte Maria Egittiaca or Palatino and Ponte dei quatro Capi formerly called Fabritio when also there was one more called Sublicio whose Pyles are yet to be seen near the Aventine hills and another called Triumfale whose pyles appear at San Spirito The Waters wherewith the City is supplyed are these L'acqua virgine which runs through the Campo Martio the work of Pope Nicholas the 5th l'Alsietina restored by Innocent the 8th for the Vatican La Salonia canducted at the cost of Pius the 4th besides which many others waters were conveyed by Gregory the 13th by others in antient times The Piazzaes in Rome are many but those of most note at this day are La Piazza Vaticana La Navona La Giudea and La Fiore The new Porticues or open Galleries which are the chief are three viz That della Benedittione That in the Vatican Palace fronting the Piazza and the Cerridore towards Belvedere The Piazza or market place for Fish stands now where in former time it was That for the Hoggs Oxen Cows Sheep c. where antiently was the Foro Romano The Bakers have four Piazzaes and conjoyned with them are the Shambles in the Piazza Novaâ—…a every Wednesday is held a great Market The Hills are very little inhabited the ruines of old structure rendring the Ayr so unwholsome as to be only fit for Gardens or Vineyards not dwelling Houses Pope Sistus the 5th caused many fair streets to be drawn by a Line The residing Palace of the Pope stands contiguous with the Church of Saint Pietro wherein are contained many stupendious things as the Chapel of Pope Sistus the Paulina replenisht with the excellent pictures of Michael Angelo Bonarota a Florentine so compleat perfect and exact that t were the glory of this age to find a modern Painter could approach then in art or Similitude Besides which his Holiness hath Retreats for the Summer as one near San Marco another near Santa Maria Maggiore a third near the Fontana de Trevi but the most favoured and therefore most ordinary retirement is Monte Cavallo heretofore called Quirinale The Palaces of the Cardinals are disperst up and down the City as aforesaid The houses of the Citizens are not despicable either in Structure Antiquities Pictures and other noble Houshouldstuff or Fountains The Castle Saint Angelo or Mole d'Adriano is a fair strong Cittadel alwaies furnished with all warlike provisions Herein they solemâ—…ize great Feasts and Holy dayes three times in the yeer with the discharging of all the great Guns and Fireworks To wit on the Festival day of San Pietro Paolo the second is celebrated annually on the day whereon the immediate Pope is selected to the Pontifical Chair the third on the day the said immediat Pope is crowned The Guard of which Castle is committed to some Person of Quality who is understood to have compleated his Charge and Government at 7 yeers end and is then comonly rewarded with a Cardinals â—…ap or some thousands of Crowns The Aqueducts of the old Romans with their conserves for waters were many but that of Acqua Claûdia was composed with so much Art and at so vast expence that but only to repair and restore it to its antient form cost five hundred and sixty Talents besides which there was l'acqua Martia Aless andrina Giulia Augusta Sabbatina Appia Traiana Tepula Alsietina di Mercurio della Virgine del'Aniene the old and Antoniane the new and others together with infinite Baths as le Anliane le Variane le Titiane le Gordiane le Novatiane le Agrippine le Alexandrine le Manliane le Dioclesiane le Deciane those Bathes appropriate to Trajan Philip Adrian Nero Severus Constantine Farnus Domitian and Probus with many others The Piazzaes also in those days were divers a Sla Romana that of the Pistory of Caesar of Nerva of Trajan of Augustus of Salustus of Dioclesian of Enobarbus and the Esquilina wiâ—…h those particularly used for Herbs Beasts Fish Sheep Hoggs Bakers for the Countrey market people and the Transitoria The Triumphal Arches which are most famous follow of Romulus of Claudius of Titus Vespasian of Constantine of Lucius Settimius Severus of Domitian of Trajan of Fabianus of Gordianus of Galienus of Tiberius Theodosius and Camillus The Amphitheatres named were these that of Stafilius Taurus of Claudius and that of Titus Vespasian which was capacious enough for one hundred and fifty thousand persons The Theatres these that of Scaurus Pompejus Marcellus Balbus and Caligula The Circi or
from the Circo Massimo to Santa Maria Maggiore formerly Consecrated to the Sun The third in the Vineyard of the great Duke of Tuscany filled with Hyerogliphicks t is but small but t is thought stood in the Campo Martio in the time of Tarquine the proud The fourth less than the former was transferred from the Campidoglio by Ciriaco Mattei and stands in the Vineyard of the Mattaei who had it of the gift of the Senat and people of Rome this hath some small Images on the top only the others all over There is another lying in the Via Appia near the Sepulchre of Cecilia Metella broke in 3 several pieces which t is much admired that Pope Sixtus the 5th did not erect as well as the â—…est nor is it to be believed but that he would have done it had not death interrupted this and his other designes One other smaller Obelisk stands near the Jesuits Colledge T is admirable that upon all those Hierogls Obelisks the sign of the Cross is figured which might happen either for that the AEgyptians through some mistery honoured the Cross or for that they might have had some relation touching it from their Ancestors and yet without knowing the signification At the time when by the Emperour Theodosius his command all the Idols of AEgypt were destroyed On the Breast of Serapis was found the sign of the Cross whereof the signification being enquired into the Priests skilled in the sacred misteries of the AEgyptians declared that they understood by it the Life to come after death here which could not portend other than the eternal beatitude whereto our Saviour by his death on the Cross opened the way Thus Socrates the writer of the Ecclesiastick Histories in his 5th Book 27th Chap. recounts as also do Russino Georgio Cedreno and Suida in their writings We must observe that the punishment by the Cross in those dayes common to Malefactors was taken away by Constantine the Emperour a true Christian through his Reverence of our Saviours death who in lieu thereof constituted the Gallows as divers Authors relate Which Emperour also prohibited by a severe Law the conculcating any Cross upon the Earth Let thus much serve touching the Obelisks of Rome if the Reader be curious to search into those in Constantinople and other places the discourse whereof is not to our purpose let him peruse the treatises of Michael Mercato Pietro Bellonio and Pietro Gillio upon this subject In Rome also are 3 famous Collumnes one Called Rostrata in the Campidoglio erected by C. Duilio after the Carthaginians were overcome in the Punick War Another of Trajan which Sixtus the fifth dedicated to St Peter and that of Anthony which the same Pope consecrated to Saint Paul in anno 1580. The AQUEDUCTS TIBERIUS Caesar conveighed the Acqua Virgin into the City but the works falling to decay Pope Nicholas the 5. in the yeer of Christ 1554. and the seaventh of his Papacy restored it to its first beauty as by the Inscription at the Fontana di Trevi appears Sixtus the 5th brought the Acqua Felice into the City calling it Felice from his own name before he was advanced to the Pontifical Chair Other Popes have likewise layed and restored other waters for the Citizens conveniency and delight A Guide or Direction for the most convenient view of the Antiquities of ROME WE will begin from the Vatican chiefly in favour of those who come from Tuscany to Rome entring by the Porta Vaticata near the Castle Saint Angelo Here ly the Meadowes and fields of Quintius or as others say of Pincius at this day called Prata a lovely and pleasant place whither the youth usually resort for Recreation The Porta Elia called vulgarly di Castello leads to Adrians Mole A vast Pile which he raised for the burying place for himself and the Antonini being large and strong but at present better accomodated than in his time for that the Popes have made it a Fortress for their own retreat and security in time of imminent danger of Enemies to which a long Gallery under Ground leads from the Palace of St. Peter for their more convenient and safe passage Heretofore One Cresentinus made himself Lord of it by force of Arms and of the City also but at present the Popes possess it and cal it Castel St. Angelo from the Marble statue of an Angel with a sword in his hand sett on the top of it which Alexander the 7th augmented and fortified in ample manner as by the Inscription on the Bridge may be understood In it are kept the three millions of Gold which may not be imployed on any use but defence of the Apostolick state in point of Arms. The Marbles Collumnes and Statues formerly there were conveighed to the Vatican and placed in the Church of Saint Peter and the Papal Palace and nothing of Antiquity left behind but the structure and two heads the one of Adrian the Emperour armed the other of Pallas with some inscriptions on the walls which notwithstanding t is yet most worthy observation Here stands the Ponte or Bridge Elio so called for that Elius Adrianus the Emperour built it for his Sepulchre but at present t is called Ponte di Castello on either side of it stand the statues of the Apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul wrought with excelling Workmanship under Pope Clement the 7th at the time that the Tyber grown beyond its usual limits overflowed to the great devastation of the City and this Bridge in anno 1530. Being upon this Bridge you may see opposite to you the Hospital of Santo Spirito and the Ruines of the triumphal Bridge which was so denominated for that over it were lead the Pompes of Triumphs as the way to the Campidoglio All that part of the Vatican hill between the Bridge and the Palace is now called Borgo but was formerly named la selva because before the time of Pope Alexander the second the Vatican Grove grew there wherein was erected a Pyramide for the Sepulchre of Scipio Affricanus whereof some reliques may yet be seen in that part of the Temple called Paradiso as the great Pyne Apple and Peacok of Brass guilt In the Borgo almost all the Edifices are stately and noble and in particular these following The Palace of the Cardinal of Cesis at the gate of Saint Onofrio whose first Court is full of Statues and inscriptions the particulars whereof are printed and published in it is an Effigies of the Amazon Hippolito infinitely applauded being the workmanship of Michael Angelo the Prince of Sculptors another of Apollo a third of a Sabyn Woman no whit inferiour to that of the Amazon had it Arms proportionable In the garden stands a statue of Bacchus upon a Pedistol A Vessel of Brass with a Faunus a Neptune aâ—…d an Apollo holding a Harp in his hand An Image of Agrippa the Daughter of Marcus Agrippa Another of Iulia the Daughter of Augustus Caesar a Pallas armed and Herma defloured On
the right hand appears a fountain with 22 Circles about it of Marble stone on which stand the statues of A faunus Iupiter Hammon Pompey the Great Demosthenes Spensippus the Philosopher who was thought to be the Son of a Sister of Plato In prospective from the Gate may be seen Rome triumphing for the overcoming of Dacia sitting on a Throne with a Murrion on her head and a Branch of Laurel in her hand with Dacia placed near it in a mourning posture and Habit round it are Trophees as Arms of the Barbarous two conquered Kings in Numidian Marble bigger than ordinary men two statues of two of the Parcae and two Sphinxes of the same Marble Contiguous with it stands a round Fabrick called the Antiquario from the many Antiquities contained in it On the Front is fixed a Visage of Iupiter in porphyr stone and an effigies of Poppeia the wife of Otho the Emperour above which stand five statues That is of Pallas Cercs Victoria Copia and Diana Within are seen the Statue of Somnus or of Quies or as others will have it of AEsculapius with Poppy in his hands and an Image of a Sabine Lady In the gate on the left hand appears a Visage of Iove as bigg as a Gyants on the right another of Hercules and in the midst a third of Pallas And under that of Hercules a Satyre who blows a Shepheards pipe of seaven Reeds a neater piece of work then which is scarse to be seen which is attributed to Scopa Under that of Iove a head of Pyrrhus King of the Epirotes with a Leda and a Cupid The Satyr and the Leda are most compleat statues In it are the heads also of Portia Cato Iupiter Ganimed Diana Neptune with a most antient AEgyptian Image called the head of Astrate Mother of Osarides or as others will of Ope or Cibele the Mother of the Gods Near the gate stand two statues one on the left hand of Aries Fissus of most white Marble with these words on the Basis Secura Simplicitas The other on the right hand of Leone with these words upon the basis Innoxia Fortitudo Near which stands the Emperour Heliogabulus clothed at his full length with certain antique Ceremonies in the sacrifices engraven on the Basis Upon another Image of an Emperour triumphing drawn by four horses stands a Simia an Ape cut in AEthiopick Marble in the form the AEgyptians used to worship it In the Hall is a head of Bacchus of red stone with a Neptune over it drawn in a Chariot by four horses and two statues of the Goddess Pomona The study of the Cardinal hath its pavement wrought in figure with small stones and in it are many heads of illustrious Romans as of Scipio Africanus Marcus Cato M Antonius the triumvir Iulius Caesar Septimius Severus L Sy lla C Nero Iulia Mammea M. Antonius Caracalla Adrianus Macrinus Cleopatra Faustina and Sabina As also a Library furnished no less with Books of Antient than modern Authors In the withdrawing Chambers are Gems and pretious stones so well wrought that they best speak themselves therein also are Scipio Nasica Brutus Adrianus Imperator a sleeping Cupid and a Child with divers other vaine things so rare and curious and rich that did Rome afford no other Palace than this you will say when seen you could not better dispose your time and travel then to behold it And that it alone deserve the pains of a Journey thither The Popes Pallace ON the Top of the Vatican Hill stands that proud Pallace of the Popes which like a large City is capable of three Kings and all their followers here the Popes induced thereto from the beauty of the scite and temperature of the Ayr for the most part make their dwelling having deserted their former on the Laterano The first thing here to be viewed is the Chapel of Sixtus which for its grandeur and beauty may be paralleld to any other great and noble Church in it the Card iâ—…als assemble themselves for election of the Pope and call themselves the Conclave upon the high Altar whereof is that noble Picture representing the Universal Judgment painted by Michael Angelo a Piece so generally a pplauded that it 's held in valuable for its exellency and unimitable by all succeding Artists though divers and those the best attempt it dayly Near it is the Capella Paolina painted by the same hand whence the way lies into the Gardens called Belvedere The fair fight both for their infinite beauty and the prospect of the most part of Rome in it are many foreign rare plants Herein stands the statue of the Tyber foxes connexed with a wolf which gave suck to Remus and Romulus The Nyle upon a Sphinx with 17. Children denoting the increases of that River with its effects upon AEgypt with several monsters strong creatures proper only to that River which statue was heretofore found near Saint Ste phens Church and being thence conveighed into those gardens is there presented to publique view for that general approbation of excellency which is meritoriously given it On the walls of the said Belvedere are moreover 12 several deformed Creatures set up which are carved out of the politest Marble And in certain Corners and Nooks stands a shape of Antinoo cut in the whitest Marble of fingular Artifice and in this form by the command of Adrian the Emperour who deputed divine sacerdotal honours with Temples whose memory alsothat he might perpetuate he built a City in AEgypt calling it from his name Antinopoli On the right hand is the River Arno in the shape of a Man lying along diffusing water from his Tomb with Cleopatra on his left hand leaning on her right hand In the second Armory stands Venus Ericina prepared to come out of a Bath In the third is the same Venus playing with Cupid and this Inscription Veneri Foelici Sacrum Salustia Helpis D. D. Near it is a Bacchus armeless and that Trunk of Hercules pronounced by Michael Angelo to be the most compleat statue of Rome the name of Apollo as sculptor is in scribed on it as also two other Carasses the one of a Lady the other of Mercury and an Arch of Marble wherein is figured the Chase of Meleager found in the Vatican Vineyard appertaining to his Sanctity In the fourth Armory in the Cants stands a statue of the Emperor Commodus in the habit and shape of Hercules holding a Child on his Arm whose humour was to be so figured and called as historians report In the fifth Apollo Pitheo with a Serpent at his feet and a Carcase having a piece of Cloth upon one Arm a Bow and Arrows in his hand and all over naked In the sixth is Laocoon with his two Sons enveloped by two Dragons as Virgil writes the story all of one Marble stone This Piece was esteemed by Michael Angelo the Miracle of Sculpture and before his time by Pliny who saies that t was wrought by Agesanero Poliodoro and Athenodoro the
the City Here stands the Sepulchre of Cacus of whom they make mention in the Fables of Hercules which is a sharp broken stone in the midst of the Church Santa Maria Aventina where also was antiently a Temple of Hercules At this Praecipice were the Furcae Gemoniae to which Malefactors were dragged with Iron hooks and there inhumanely slain hither the Emperour Vitellius with an Iron hook fixed under his Chin and his Cloths torn of to his Buttocks was dragged and slain by the command of Vespasian for having put to death Sabinus Vespasians Brother The Porta Trigemina though very antient remains yet almost entire at the Foot of the Aventino near the Tyber in the Vineyard to which the Baths of Trajan are annexed This Gate was called Trigemina from the three twin Brothers called Horatii who marched out at that Gate when they went to fight for the Liberty of their Countrey against the three Brothers Curatii Albani which Albani being slain with two of the twin Brothers Horatii the third returned triumphant The Dioclesian Granaries of the Roman people were repaired and augmented by Dioclesian the Emperor from whom they took their name They stood between the Tyber and the Monte Testaceo they consisted of 150 several apartments and their ruines appear like a 〈◊〉 in the Vineyard of Julio Cesarino a Roman Monte Testaceo stands near them which was raised by the pieces of Potters Vessels there cast by the Potters whose streets were there which place was assigned for that use that they might not throw them into the Tyber for fear of stopping the current and diverting the stream to their greater damage nor cast them into the Fields to obstruct the fertility thereof Whence it grew to the heigth of 160 foot and two miles in compass Some but foolishly call it Monte diogni Terra ridiculously fabling their conjectures that this Mount was raised by the Vessels of several Nations wherein they brought their Tributes to Rome which Vessels they say they were commanded to cast in that place in perpetual remembrance of that their subjection In old time the Circus Olimpicus comprehended all that space which the Monte Testaceo takes up now The Pyramid of C. Cestius Septemvirs or the seventh of the Epicures or gluttons remains yet entire neare the Porta Ostiense within the City Walls being built with white Marble in great square stones and although the Inscription names only C. Cestius yet t is believed to have been the common burying place of all the Septemviri Epuloni whose charge was to see that the Feasts the Banquets the solemnities and sacrifices of the Gods were strictly observed La Porta Ostiense now named di San Paulo was built by Ancus Martins and called Ostiense because through it lies the way to Ostia Without which gate stands the Church dedicated to Sancto Paulo a most splendid Church one of the seaven principal of Rome and much frequented by the people Therein stand four rankes of vast Marble Collumnes which support it They are excellently wrought in Dorick Ionick Attick and Corinthian works nor is there any Church in Rome Replenisht with so many Pillars nor garnished with so polite and exquisite Marble stones which were translated from the two Porta's Ostienses The one of Nero the other of Antoâ—…inus Somewhat beyond which stands another Church called the Tre Fontane An antient Temple before whose portal rise many pretious Pillars of Porphyr stone which shine with various Colours within are shewed three sources of Fountains whose waters are esteemed holy and salutiferous for many infirmities they believe these Fountains to spring miraculously at and ever since the time that Saino Pauls head was cut off by the command of Nero the Emperour in that place The Visitation of the aforenamed particulars being exactly performed will be sufficient for the first day The second dayes Journey in perusing the noted things of ROME ENtring from Borgo into the City by the Bridge Castello you meet a way which divides it self in two on the right hand towards the Tyber goes the Strada Julia in which the house of the Cevali stands worthy a view and in the other street near the Baâ—…chi is the house of the Cardinal Sforza replenisht with Antiquities noble Pictures and a Library of Greek Manuscripts Alla Pace in the house of â—…ancellotto Lancellotti a Gentleman are many rare antiquities At the end of the Parione are the ample houses Arianae in whose Angle is seated That Statue of Pasquin the most famous of all that City yea of all the World This some suppose to be made for Hercules others for Alexander the great but there is no certainty of either though it appear the workemankip of some rare Artist In former times they were wont to load this Image with Libels a-against the Princes Cardinals and famous Men and noble Matrons and sometimes against the Pope but now left off because of the severe prohibitions since when though they dare not fix them to the Pasquino yet still they vent their reproofs and scandals under some other specious pretence publishing them some other way by the name of Pasquinata Antonio Tibaldeo a Ferrarian being no less learned than Venerable reports this story of this statue That there was in Rome a certain Taylour well known in his trade and good at his occupation called Pasquino whose shop stood in this street this man was well customed by Prelates Courtezans and other people who resorted to him for their Rayments This Taylor employed great number of Journeymen who like vile persons spent all the day their tongues freely speaking ill of this that person not sparing any taking occasion from what they observed in those persons which resorted to their shop the constant custome of slandering in that shop made it become ridiculous even to the persons offended esteeming those rascals unworthy of any credit and so no other regard was had to it Whence it came to pass afterwards that if any person would defame another he did it under covert of Master Pasquino saying he had heard say so in his shop which relation caused all the Interessed persons in that reproach not to make any more account of it This reverent gentleman Pasquino being dead it happened that in paving the street this statue was found half buried and broken near his shop which because t was incomodious for the passage to leave it there they erected just at the shop of Master Pasquino whence the back-biters taking a good occasion reported that Master Pasquino was returned again and not having courage enough to own the abuses they put upon others they used to fasten their Scrolls to that statue presuming that as t was lawfull for Mar co pasquino to speak any thing so by means of this statue they might scandalize others with such things as in the light and bare faced they durst not own This Custome continued long till at last t was prohibited with severe penalties Near hereto is the great Pallace of
be the Stanza or abiding place of the Praetorian Souldiers within these walls is a spatious Concave Here on all sides ly huge Sepulchres some built in a square others in a â—…ound a third sort in a Pyramid form either with brick or Marble whose inscriptions demonstrate that they were erected for the Metelli Among which a great structure in a round form seems the most conspicuous being raised with squared white marble stones to the bigness of a Tower hollow within and open at top so that standing below one may see the skies Its walls are about 24. foot thick in whose circuit are interwoven the heads of Bulls and Oxen cleared of the skin and flesh as in their sacrifices they used them between the garlands of Leaves and Flowers The heads amount to the number of 200. Sacrificed to the God Capode Boi and the Antiquaries will have that at the famous Sepulchre of Cecilia Metella a double Hecatombe was performed At the Foot of the neighbouring Hill if you pronounce a whole heroick verse an admirable Eccho returns it whole and articulately for the most part and confused otherwhiles eight times answered In no place is heard so rare an Eccho which is said to be excited by artifice that at the Funeral of this Caecilia Metella the ejaculations of the weepers and the funeral houlings might immensely be multiplyed while that double Hecatombe was celebrating and the Funest duties performed in honour of that Matron In the next depressed place ly the mighty ruines of the Circo Hipodromo The structure hereof is attributed to Bassiano Caracalla raised in the Place where Tiberius the Emperor built the Stables for the Praetorian bands here the Souldiers exercised themselves in running riding and driving Chariots In the midst of the Area lie certain signes of the places whence the horses rushed out to their courses as also of Bases Statues Altars and meets or bounds for the Courses round it are many pictures in the midst lies an Obelisk of speckled stone called Granito flat upon the ground broken in three pieces carved all over with Hieroglyphicks branches with Leaves and animals T is supposed that Sixtus the 5th would have reared this as he did others had not death shortned his days Above the Circ riseth an entire Temple four squared with Pillars and Corridores before it Which as is supposed was dedicated to the Dio Ridicolo uppon this occasion Hannibal having slain 40 thousand Romans at the battail of Cannae marched with his victorious Army to the siege of Rome and pitched his Camp in that very place where a diffused Laughter being heard over his Camp it caused a prodigious fear and that made him raise the Siege and retreat to the Terra di Lavoro which had he obstinatly continued some time longer having created such a consternation in the Citizens he had undoubtedly taken Rome with small difficulty but as Livy saies an Affrican told Hannibal He knew how to obtain but not how to make use of Victory Thus was Rome delivered from Hannibal and the Romans in commemoration of so great a benefit received from the God of Laughter consecrated that Temple to the Dio Ridicoloso Hence you must return by three miles journey back to Rome and arrived at the walls enter by the Porta Latina near whereto is the Church S. Giovanni where t is said the same Saint was cast into boyling oyl by the command of Domitian for which a feast is alwaies solemnized in May thence follow the street to the Porta Gabiosa so called for that intending for the Citty Gaba you must march out of it where the Via Roma connexeth with the Prenestina as sometimes the Via Appia unites with the Latina MONTE CELIO Leaving the Wall on the right hand of the Porta Gabiosa you ascend Monte Celio wch runs along by the wall to the Porta Maggiore This Hill was antiently called Querquetulano from the multitude of Oaks growing thereon before the Tuscans inhabited it to whom licence was given to dwell in the Bourg Tosco because they marched under their Captain Cloche Vibenna to the assistance of the Romans against their Enemies On this Hill at this day rests no Antique thing of moment more than the infinite ruines of Fabricks One part of it is na med Celiolo where stands a Church of Santo Giovanni Evangelista called ante Portam Latinam which was antiently a Temple sacred to Diana On the top of the Celio is a round Church dedicated to S. Stefano by Pope Simplicio from being a Temple of Faunus whose antiquity threatning destruction Nicholas the fifth repaired it and Gregory the thirteenth beautifyed it with Pictures of Martyrs and Saints Curia Hostilia stood where now is Santi Giovanni and Paulo towards the Settizonio of Severus built by Tullius Hostilius different from that in the Foro Romano Here the Senate assembled for state affairs The Church of S. Maria in Domenica is seated towards the Aventino and was restored by Leo the 10th here antiently stood the Dwellings of the Albani and near them the Aqueduct for the Aqua Claudia in the Arch whereof are engraven these words P. Corn R. F. Dolabella Cos. C. Junius C. P. Silanus Flamen Martial Ex S. C. Faciundum curaverunt Idemque Probaverunt By the same Aqueduct stands a great Fabrick as a conservatory of the Waters The Castra Peregrina stood in old time where the Church of Santi quatro Coronati was built by Pope Honorius and restored by Paschal the second In those Castles they used to rendezvouz and accommodate the People for Sea affairs which Augustus used to keep in the ordinary Fleet at Niseno Between the Porta Gabiusa and Celimontana abound great ruines of the Palace of Constantine the great called now S. Giovanni by which may be comprehended the magnificent state and splendor of that Emperor San Giovanni in Laterano keeps its antient name built by Constantine the Great at the instance of Pope Sylvester formerly the Seat of the Roman Pontifices at first called Romae Episcopi Bishops of Rome but afterwards induced thereunto by the pleasantness of the Vatican Hills they translated their habitation thither building a renowned Palace near St. Peters Church Near the said Church stands Il Battisterio di Constantino of an orbicular form sustained by 8. porphyr Pillars Report saith that Constantine the Great labouring under a Leaprosie at the perswasions of his Phisicians resolved to bath himself in the blood of Infants and for that intent erected this sumptuous structure but being admonished in a dream to bath himself in holy water in the name of Jesus Christ the true God whom Helena his Mother worshipped the Emperor obeyed the Celestial admonition and was baptized in that porphyr Font now in the said Temple For the truth hereof the Reader is desired to consult his own thought It not being likely that so magnificent a structure should be built and intended for perpetrating that notorious crime which should rather be kept close and tacitely concealed
ample that it had more the face and semblance of a City than of a single house within were comprehended Fields Lakes Woods and a Gallery of a mile long with three ranks of Pillars many of its Chambers were guilt and adorned with gems and the Temple dedicated to Fortuna Seia had in it an Image of the same Goddesse of transparent Marble On the left hand stands the Arch Triumphal of Constantine the Great as yet whole and perfect with all his victories and statues carved on it This Arch was erected in honour of that Emperor by the Romans after he had overcome at Ponte Milvio Maxentius who had tyrannically oppressed Rome and Italy At present they manage horses in the Coliseo And near it rises a proud Fabrick in form of a Pyramid which was called La Meta Sudante for that thence issued Streams of water whereof such as had disposed themselves in the Amphitheatre to see the sports had given them to satisfie their thirsts when desired by any Thus ends the second dayes Journey The third dayes Journey of ROME LEaving the Castle Saint Angelo on the right hand of the Torre Sanguina passing through the street Orso where it divides you find the house of Bildo Ferratino in the frontispiece whereof stands a statue of Galba the Emperor with other figures In the Palace of the Duke of Altemps they shew many monuments of Antiquity Epitaphs Inscriptions aud Reliques which wonderfully delight the eyes of skilfull Artists and ingenious Men among others the statue of Seneca the Philosopher and the Vestry and Chapel of the Duke clear demonstrations of the piety and religion of the Patrones Near it stands the house of Cardinal Gaetano containing some rare Antique statues Towards Navova is the Church of S. Apollinare formerly the Temple of Apollo and behind it the Church of Saint Augustine where the Tombe of Santa Monica his Mother is shewed with her Reliques That spatious Court before the Palace of the Dutchess of Parma corruptly called Piazza Navona was formerly the Circo Agonale wherin they exhibited the Agonalian fights and games instituted by Numa Pompilius in honour of Janus Nero augmented this Circ and so did Alexander the Son of Manca who erected also near it a Palace and the famous Alexandrian Hot baths Hereabouts also Nero and Adrian had their Baths but the continued edifices there have lost the very foundations of the old structures In the house of the Bishops of Saula is shewed the Head of M. Tul lius Cicero in that of Alexander Ruâ—…ino the Image of Julius Caesar Armed like a Colossus with his thighs neatly harnessed after the old-fashion and oposite to it another of the same heighth and vests of Octavius Caesar. Then which statues Rome scarce affords any thing of better workmanship Those round and high Arches which rise in that place called the Ciambella are reliques of the Bathes of M. Agrippa near which Nero built others whose Fragments shew themselves behind S. Eustachio M. Agrippa Built the Pantheon near his Bathes in honour of all the Gods a Temple to be admired for the Architecture and wealth the most antient entire and splendid of any at this day extant in Rome He built it orbicular that Preeminence of Place might create no quarrels among the Gods Others say he dedicated it to Ope and Cibele as mother of the Gods and Mistress of the Earth Afterwards the Popes consecrated it to the Blessed Virgin and all the Saints It hath no windowes being in lieu thereof supplyed with light from a great Open space at top the rain water driving there through is received into a large brass Vessel at the bottom which in old time was covered with plates of silver but Constantine the Nephew of Heraclius took away that with the other ornaments of the City antiently t was ascended to by 7 steps but now who enters it must descend 18. steps whereby appears how vast are the heaps of ruines An inscription of very long Letters testifie that Severus and M. Antonius repaired the Pantheon then threatning a ruine Herein lies Raphael of Urbin the Prince of Painters And before it stands a large Vessel of Porphyr admirable for the grandeur and curiosity of workmanship one like to which is extant in Santa Maria Maggiore under the Crucifix Near it Santa Maria della Minerva so called from its first dedication to Minerva presents it self where the Dominican Fryers inhabit which hath nothing of antiquity more than the Walls and some old Inscriptions Here lies the Cardinals Pietro Bembo and Tomaso Gaetano learned men of their time and Santa Caterina of Siena A great arch now old rude and divested of all its ornaments stood near it called Camiliano which they think to be built by Camillus but falsly for those kind of works were first set a foot in the reigns of the Emperors sometime since this Arch was by licence of Pope Clement the 8th pulled down by Cardinal Salviano who with those stones amplified his own adjacent Palace near this Arch lay a foot of a Colossus very great which is supposed to be transferred to the Campidoglio where t is now obvious In the house of Paulus de Castro is seen the head of Socrates with his whole breast and many other things which will recreate the spectator In the Palace of S. Marca in the Via Lata there is such another Vessel of Marble as is at San Salvatore del Lauro taken out of the Baths of Agrippa and a statue of Fauna or as others say of the good Goddess All those things wherewith of old the Court of Nerva was garnished are either by age decayed or translated to some other place t is called also Foro Transitorio because over it they walked to go to the Foro Augusto and Romano for which reason that Church is called S. Adriano in trefori here stood likewise the Palace of the said Emperor whose ruines were removed elsewhere Here also lies the Foro Trajano between the Campidoglio the Quirinale and the Foro Augusto this was environed with a magnificent gallery sustained with noble pillars whereof Apolliodorus was Architector and adorned with statues Images and a triumphal Marble Arch of all which nought remains except two of the Pillars at Santa Maria di Loreto And one Collumne spread over within with Cockle shells which demonstrates the splendor and Majesty of the Emperors t is 128 foot high besides the bases which is 12. foot more t is raised by 24 stones only but they so vast that it appears the work of Gyants every one of those stones hath eight stayers by which they get up inwardly to the top which are enlightned by 44 Casements Round it are carved the noble Acts of Caesar Trajano in the Dacian Warr. No part of the world can boast a work more admirable or more magnificent 'T was erected in honour of that good Emperor who was not so fortunate as to see it finished for being detained in the Parthick warr upon his
return a flux of blood seized him in the City of Soria in Seleâ—…cia whereof he dyed his body was brought to Rome and his bones inclosed in a Pile placed on the top of the Columne In this Foro di Trajano stand the Churches of Saint Silvester S. Biasio Sant Martino placed there by S. Marco the first Pope Boniface the 8th erected there 3 Towers called now Le Militie chiefly that in the midst where Trajan used to quarter his Souldiers Above it lies the the Vineyard of Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandino meriting a view wherein besides the Fountains and Sources of waters which form many streams you may see some old noble Marbles among others Harpocrate a Child wrought by an exquisite hand and an old painted picture found some yeers since retaining the beauty of its colours a wonder to believe since it is so antient and so long lay hid in a grotto near S. Maria Maggiore IL MONTE ESQUILINO AT the Foro di Nerva begins the Suburb which extended to the Tiburtina dividing the Esquilie the Vale between the Esquilie and the Viminale they name Vico Patricio because many Patritii that is to say Nobles dwelt in that part L'Esquilie was so called because in the time of Romulus the Sentinels were placed there this hill is severed from the Celio by the Via Lavicana from the Viminale by the Vico Patritio The Via Tiburtina as abovesaid crosseth it in the midst which way ascends from the Suburb to the Porta Nevia but before it comes to the trophees of Marius t is cut in two the right hand way leads towards San Giovanni Laterano conjoyning with the Lavicana the left goes to the Porta di San Lorenzo by the name of Prenestina In the Via Tiburtina is the Arch of Galienus the Emperor called San Vito from the neighbouring Temple Here was the Macello Lanieno the Market for all eating things The Temple of Isis now of Santa Maria Maggiore consists of exquisite structure adorned with gold and rare Marbles and sustained by Ionick Pillars Here Santo Hieronimo lies enterred and here they shew an Image of the Virgin painted as is credited by St. Luke the Evangelist Near it stands the Church of S. Lucia and that of S. Pudentiana here of old stood a wood sacred to Juno reverenced with great but blind zeal In the Church of S. Prassede are many inscriptions and the Pillar to which our Lord being bound was whipped this they say was brought from Jerusalem In San Pietro in Vincula are many admi rable things among others the Tombes of Julius the second whereon Moses is engraven by Buonorota a work excelling most of the Antient of Cardinal Sadoleto and Cardinal di Tucino Thence you go to the Church de quaranta Martiri from whence by the Via Labicano to S. Clement the Esquilie extended it self and was there called Carine Near Saint Pietro in Vincula are some subterranean edifices the remains of Vespasians Baths called the Sette Sale being designed for keeping the waters requisite to the Baths in them was found that sta tue of Laocoon now translated to the Vatican which gives such admiration to all aspicients The Church of S. Maria nâ—… Monti was built by Pope Symachus in the decayes of Adrians Baths the place being thence denominated at this day Adrianello At the Church d'Santi Ginliano and Eusebio elates it self a huge Fabrick of brick work wherein were the receptacles of the Aqua Martia on the upper part whereof are figured the Trophees of Marius that is a heap of spoils and Arms bound to the body of a Tree placed there in honour of Marius for his expedition against the Cimbrians which things being afterwards torn down by Sylla in the civil war were restored again by C Caesar to their former lustre and yet remain in the Campidoglio Behind the Trophees in that Vineyard appear great ruines of the Emperor Gordianus his Baths near which the said Emperor raised a stupendious Palace which had two hundred Pillars in a double Rank But hereof no more but high walls appear All its Ornaments and Pillars being thence translated for beautifying other Palaces From these Baths the way on the right hand called Labicana goes to Porta Maggiore or Santâ—… Croce antiently Nevia Between this Gate and that of San Lorenzo near the walls rise vast ruines of the Temple dedicated to the name of â—…aius and Lucius the Nephews of Augustus and built by him one arched roof yet may be seen called Gallucio as of Caio and Lâ—…cio Near it was the Palace of Licino where now S. Sabina stands there placed by Pope Simplex contiguous with which Pallace was the place called Orso Pileato from a Bears figure there By the gate Esquiliâ—…a San Lorenzo or Tibuntina by all which names t is frequently called stands the Church San Lorenzo built by Constantine the great in honour of that Martyr replenished with antiquities but especially the instruments used in the sacrifices are carved on inembossed work by this Gate also enters the Aqueduct by which the Aqua Martia is conveighed into the City first raised by Q. Martius afterwards consumed by Age restored by M. Agrippa This water was brought from 35. miles off the City and ran into Dioclesians Baths and the adjacent places t was very healthfull and therefore chiefly accomodated for the drink of the People On the other side of this Gate entered the Acque Tepola Julia the one was conveighed six miles the other eleaven from without the City To these joyned the Aniene which ran from Tivoli 20. miles distance Over the Aniene stands the Ponte Mammea so named from Mammea the Mother of Alexander Severus the Emperor by whom t was repaired from this Gate the Via Prenestina reached to Praenestâ—… and the Labicana to Labi That part of the Esquilie near San Lorenzo in Fonâ—… was named Virbo Clivio which was the Grove Fugatale where Servius Tullius dwelt and there lies the Vico Ciprio called also Scelerato for that Tullius was there slain by his Son in Law over whose dead body his own Daughter commanded her Coachman to drive her Chariot This Vico or Town extended to Busta Gallica where the Galli Senoni or the French were slain burnt and buried by Camillus now this place s denominated Porto Gallo where the Church Saint Andrea is built On the top of this Vico Scelerato Cossius had his Palace afterwards dedicated to the Goddess Tellura now to Saint Pantaleoâ—… near Santa Agna at the foot of the Viminale stood a Temple of Silvâ—… whose decays yet appear IL COLLE VIMINALE THe hill Viminale is next to the Esquilino and runs along by the Walls t was so named from a famous Temple dedicated to Jupiter Viminale whence also the contiguous Gate took the name Viminale and Nomentana from the way leading to Nomento which is now called S. Agnese from the Church of that name near it which was formerly dedicated to Bacchus therein is an old porphyr Arch
the greatest now extant in Rome whereon are engraven Boyes gathering Grapes which some call the Sepulchre of Bacchus but erroneously In the Via Nomentana a little farther is the Ponte Nomentano built by Narsetes the Eunuch under Justinian the Emperor as the inscription testifies Nero the Emperour between the Porta Suburbana and Salaria had Suburbano a singular edifice which he gave to a Freed Man who fearinga publique punishment by a poynard thrust into his brest and the help of Sporo another freed Man slew himself some ruines of this Fabrick yet remain Porta Querquetulana is now a Church near which appear square wals the Remains of the Castle deputed for the Souldiers stations apointed for the Emperors guards On the Viminale are seen the Baths of Dioclesian of an admired Vastness and sumptuosity which though much decayed are yet the most entire in Rome 'T is said that forty thousand Christians were in a servile manner turmoyled for fourteen yeers in the structure hereof Dioclesian and Maximinian began them but Constantine and Massiminian compleated them now called Alle Terme where appears a certain place made for receit of the waters employed in those Baths called Bacco di terme Dioclesian adjoined a Palace to them whose ruines manifestly shew themselves And here was that celebrious Library called Ulpa where the Elephantine books were disposed On the right hand of these Baths are the Gardens formerly appertaining to Cardinal Bellay but now to the Monks of the order of Saint Bernard to whose industry the ingenious owe the Invention and designes made by wind And on their left hand stands the Church of Santa Susanna in old time the Temple of Quirinus In this place they believe Romulus being praeascended into Heaven appeared to Proculus Julius then returning from Alba for which cause the Senate consecrated a Temple and attributed to him divine honours Here also ut aiunt Romulus frequently descended and communicated divers things to Alba. The foundations of the Olympiade Bathsyet continue near S. Lorenzo in Pane Perna vulgarly named Pamiperna where Decius the Emperors Pallace stood The Church S. Prudentia was built by Pius the fourth at the request of Santa Prascede his Sister where likewise appear the walls of the Baths Novati And the ruines of the Baths of Agrippina the Mother of Nero are yet extant by the Church S Vitalis In San Lorenzo in Proserpina shewes it self a great Marble Stone reverenced with great adoration and religion whereon ut aiunt the roasted body of San Lorenzo was repoâ—…ed after his death here lies buried Cardinal Cirketo the delight of the Learned of our times Beyond the Church S. Susanna by the Via Quirinale lay heretofore the gardens of Rodolfo Cardinal Carpente then which no part of Ita ly nay Naples it self where are the most excelling afforded more delicious In it were 134 statues engraven with divers artificial figures and other admirable curiosities so well disposed that no Fancy could reach that Paradise nor ocular view scarce apprehend its glory to say no more this garden was an Embleme of that Cardinal its Patron the son of Alberto Pio Prince of Carpi for as that exceeded most so his knowledge in antiquities and Learning was admired by all he wrote learnedly against Erasmus IL COLLE QURINALE or MONTE CAVALLO THis hill was so demonstrated from the Name Quiri or Curi a Family of the Sabines who marching among others under Statius their Captain to reside at Rome inhabited this hill now called Monte Cavalli from the artificial horses there yet visible T is divided from the Viminale by that way which conducts to the Porta S. Agnese Upon Monte Cavallo where were the Vineyards of the Cardinal of Estè now stands a Palace of the Popes admirable for the Grottoes walks Arbors and artificial Fountains The chief was the work of Pope Clement the 8th whereon is wrote the history of Moses in Mosaique work Here stand some old statues of the Muses and here you may hear one of those Organes called of old Hydraulici because they sounded by force of the Waters You ascend this Fountain by some steps upon the ballostres whereof stand certain Vessels which spout out water very high which in their fall present divers figures before it lies ample fish ponds with a Circle of Plain trees wch afford a thick and lovely shade in fine such is the the Variety of Marbles the excellency and fairness of the statues the diversity of the Inscriptions the beauty of the walks the pleasantness of the Fountains and the shade of the Groves in these pontifical Vineyards That the studious may find here fit objects for their Observations The Curious for their admiration and the Lovers of Solitude for their deportment and retreats Hence a little distant lies the Vineyard of Octavio Cardinal Bandini well kept and worthy a view And at the four fountains the Palace of the Mattei which hath some fair statues as well antient as modern Round about which lye several other Vineyards and Gardens as of the Teatini of the Colonna's and of Patriarca Biondo near which is the Church Saint Andrea repaired by the Jesuites where the B. Stanislao Kostka a Polach lies buried who there acomplished his days Upon this Mount stand two Collossus or statues as t were of Gyants holding two wild horses by a Bridle cut in Marble upon whose pilaster we read that they were the work of Phidia and Prasitelle from which horsestis called Monte Cavallo And the report goes that Tiridates King of the Armenians presented them to Nero who that he might entertain that stranger King worthily and according to the Roman splendor caused Pompeyes Theatre where he exhibited the Games for that Kings Solace and recreation in three days to be layed all over with silver Plates Which magnificence the King did not so much admire knowing well that in Rome were heaped up the riches of the world as the diligence and ingenuity of the workmen that in so short a time could perfect so noble ingenious a work which in him created astonishment Here the Benedictine Fryers had a comodious habitation which some time since they surrendred to the Apostolick Chamber opposite whereto is a Pontifical Palace built by Sixtus the 5th for their cool retreat in hot weather whence somewhat in the Vigna of the Colonnesi raiseth it self the Frontispiece of Neros Pallace vulgarly called Frontone di Nerone Hence Nero beheld the Fire which was by his own incendiaries kindled in the City of Rome which afterwards he imputed to the Christians that by this Calumny he might draw them into hatred with the Senate and People of Rome and by a publick edict commanded that as many as were apprehended confessing Christ for God should be burnt and excarnified in Neros gardens which Persecution continued three days On the other part of the Quirinale are many Arches Cels caves of different workmanship under ground the Reliques of the Emperor Constantines Baths of hot waters And
of the one with the other that they may last sweet a long time although they have been necessitated to take them up singly and separately In the gravel of the Aniene they find several little stones in divers forms after the similitude of Comfits some round some long some little and some great so that one would believe they found Almonds Fennel Anniseed Coriander and Cinamon Comfits Of which small stones they usually gather a good heap on the bankside to cousen the spectators with and they are therefore called Confetti di Tivoli Titus Celius the Patrician recounts that in former times a body of a man who was slain and cast into the Aniene was found stuck fast to the root of a Tree under water which it happened in process of time being without putrefaction was converted into stone without loosing its shape which stony body so found he saies he saw with his proper eyes At the Porta Salaria are shewed the Reliques of an antique Temple consecrated to Honour and of the house Suburbano of Nero wherein by the assistance of Sporo the Libertine the Emperor Nero thrust a dagger under his nipple and therewith slew himself that he might not fall into the hands of the Senate then requiring him to punishment Within the City near the Vale between the hills Santa Trinita and Quirinale stands the Church San Nicolo de Archemontis so named for that the Foro or Piazza of Archemorio was in that place Under the Vineyard of the late Cardinal Dapi are certain Chambers and obscure vaults continued in a long Order which some will have to have been a Tavern others had rather assign them to the use of the strumpets for their occupation in the time of the Floralian games which were celebrated in the Circo Florae At the Church de'dodeci Apostoli you find a Lyon in Marble an incomparable piece and in the house of Colonna a Marble statue of Melisse a Lady as the inscription declares Many other Palaces and houses of the Cardinals Nobles and wealthy Citizens of Rome are plentifully fraught with other Antiquities and excellent Collections of Gold Silver and Brass coynes embossed works in divers Metals of ingenious Artists Onyexes Corneols or Sardonian Gemmes Cornelians Amethists Topazes Berryls Carbuncles Jacinths Saphirs and Christals ingraven and cut with the heads of Gods Emperors illustrious and noble Men divers Creatures Hearbs and Trees containing also divers emblemes which were heretofore commonly exposed to the view of strangers by their Patrones but of later yeers the malignity of this depraved Age hath so ill gratified those persons for their Kindness by many injuries received from such their free admission that now unless recommended by some friend to some particular person in Rome or contracting a Friendship through long familiarity t is not easie for a stranger to obtain an inspection of those pretious Curiosities Of the Coemiteries and of the Burying places of ROME collected out of HONOFRIO PANUINO THE Cemeterio Ostriano three miles without the City in the Via Salaria is thought to be the most antient of Rome for that Saint Peter the Apostle in that place administred the Sacrament of Baptism The Protonotario of the Roman Church in his third Chapter of the Acts of Pope Liberio speaks of it in this manner A little distant from the Cemetrio di Novella three miles without the City lay in the Via Salaria the Cemiterio Ostriano where the Apostle Saint Peter Baptized The Cemiterio Vaticano was placed on the Via Trionfale near the Temple of Apollo and the Circ of Nero in the Gardens of Nero where now the Church of Saint Peter stands which besides the Tombs of Christians had in it also a Font for holy Baptisme which for the most part was not in others Seaven miles distant from Rome was the Cemiterio called ad Nimphas in Severus his possession on the Via Nomentana where the holy Martyres bodies were enterred As Pope Alexanders c. Two miles without the City was the Cemeterio vecchio amplified by the B. Calistus the Pope from whom also it took a name Herein were certain subterranean places called Catacombe and in them a deep Pit wherein the bodies of the Apostles Peter and Paul were layed Near to the Cemiterio di San Calisto was that of San Sotero and in the same quarter lay that of San Zeferino the Pope contiguous with the Cat ecombe and that of San Calisto The Cemeterio of Calepo dio Prete was two miles forth the Porta Gianicolese in the Via Aurelia near San Pancratio That of Pretestato Prete in the Via Appia where Pope Urban was buried That of Santo Partiano Papa near to Santi Abdon and Sennen That of Ciriaco in the possession of Veriani near the Church San Lorenzo without the Wall That of Lucina in the Via Aurelia forth the Gate San Pancratio That of Aproniano in the Via Latina not far from the City where Santa Eugenia was buried That of San Felice the Pope a mile without Rome on the Via Aurelia adjoined to that of Calepodio That of Priscilla called also Marcello from the Pope Marcellus in the Via Vecchia three miles forth the City was dedicated by the said Pope Marcellus That of San Timoteo in the Via Ostiense is comprehended now in the Church of San Paulo That of Novella three miles off Rome in the Via Salaria That of Balbina between the Via Appia and Ardeatina near the Church of San Marco the Pope was named also San Marco from the said Popes name That of San Giulio the Pope in the Via Flaminia near the Church San Valentino without the Cities Walls This also may be seen in the Vineyard of the Heremitanes of St. Augustino That of San Giulio the Pope in the Via Aurelia That of San Giulio the Pope in the Via Portuense That of San Damaso between the Via Ardeatina and the Appia That of Sant Anastatio the Pope within the City in the Esquiline praecincts in the Bourg Orso near Santa Bibiana The Orso was near the Porta Taurina in the Via Tiburtina by the Palace of Licinus That of S. Hermete or Domitilla appointed by Pope Pelagius in the Via Ardeatina That of San Nicomede in the Via Ardeatina seaven miles off Rome That of San Agnese in the Via Nomentana That of S Felicita in the Via Salaria That of the Giordani where Alessandro was buried That of Santi Nereo and Archielo in the Via Ardeatina two miles forth the City That of S. Felice and Adauto in the Via Ostiense two miles without Rome That of Santi Tibuctio and Valeriano in the Labicana three miles without Rome That of Santi Pietro and Marcellino in the Via Labicana near the Church Santa Helena That of Santi Marco and Marcelliano in the Via Ardeatina That of S. Gianuario restored by Pope Gregory the 3d. That of Santa Petronilla adorned by Pope Gregorio That of Santa Agata à Girolo in the Via Aurelia That of Orso at Portenza The
habet Hîc tu quo vivas lux septima det medicinam Absit odor faedus sitque labor levior Pelle famem frigus fructus femurque relinque Nec placeat gelido fonte levare sitim Romes evil air the stranger kills Brings to its Natives unwelcome ills who 'l live the seaventh day Physick must Nor noysome smells nor labour trust Hunger and Cold avoid Fruit and Venus fly Cold water drink not though nere so dry The Wines drunk in ROME They drink in Rome the best wines as hereafter followeth Vin greco di Somma the best white growes in the Terra di Lavoro in the Monte Vesuvio named di Somma from the Castle Somma which stands at the foot of it Chiarello a brisk white wine from Naples Latino a mean wine from Naples Asprino a white wine from Naples which is stiptick or as we may say astringent Mazzacani a small white Wine from Naples D'Ischia the best Greek wine this Island is under Naples Salerno white and red Sanseveren white and red both good Corso d'Elba a strong white Corso di Brada a gross white Corso di Loda a heady white From the River of Genoua white and red Gilese white and red small and wholsome Ponte Reali from Genoua white small and healthfull Moscatello di Sardia of a deep colour small and wholesome Vindellia Tata from the Genoueses smal and wholesome Lacrima the best red Romanesco small white of divers tastes Albano white and red De Paolo indifferent white Di Francia moderate red Salino mean white and red from Tivoli and Velletri From Segno moderate Magnaguerra the best red Castle Gandolfo the best white Della Riccia the best white but small made Respise wine Malvasia from Gandia Moscatello the best and most excelling wine of Italy Of the divers sorts and kindes of wine some Italian Physicians have also written to wit Giacòmo Prefetto Netino printed in Venice in anno 1559. Gio Battista Confalonieri of Verona printed in Basilea 1539. Andrea Baccio stampt in Rome in the yeer 1597. And now not recollecting any thing more to be spoken of to the purpose of this small tract concerning Rome we will make a conclusion with certain verses writin praise of her that we may observe the same method we began with in our discourse of Rome to wit her due comendations Verses composed by Faustus Sabeus a Brescian in praise of ROME ENCOMION MArtia progenies quae montibus excitat urbem Civibus ditat conjugibusque beat Tutaturque armis Patribus dat jura vocatis Jam repetit caelum Post data jura Jovi De nihilo imperium ut strueres te hac Romule causa Gignit alit servat Mars Lupa Tibris aqua Encomion Julii Caesaris Scaligeri Vos septemgemini caelestia Pignora montes Vosque trumphali maenia structa manu Testor adeste audite sacri commercia cautes Et Latios animos in mea vota date Vobis dicturus meritis illustribus urbes Has ego Primitias primaque sacra fero Qui te unam laudant omnes comprenderit orbem Non urbeâ—… qui te noverit ille canet The End of the Second Part. THE HISTORY OF ITALY CONTAINING The VOYAGES and JOURNEYS FROM ROME TO NAPLES The Third PART From NAPLES to POZZUOLO With the Return to TIVOLI TRavailing from Rome by the Via Latina to Marino you pass between great ruins of many famous Villages the which were no less rich then numerously disperst over the Tusculan Champaigne and the Apenine Hill during the flourishing age of the Roman Empire and hence t is that the old Town Mariana will derive her Original name from the Castle Marino On the right hand whereof lyes near the villa Luculliana of the Lieinij the Villa Murentana famous for the Tusculane questions of Mar cus Tullius Cicero His immortal testimony of Morality and Learning At this day t is called Frascati and is distant from Rome twelve miles in this circuit you may also behold the Ville or Manor Houses of the Portii and of many other the prime Persons of the Roman Republick whom we finde recorded by Strabo Pliny Seneca Plutarch and other writers Departing thence turn towards the Strada Appia leaving Veletri on the left hand where the Ancestors of Augustus were born and on the right hand Aricia now called Ricia and Lo Spechio or the looking glass of Diana Tremâ—…rense as Servius calls the Lake near that Castle which Lake is consecrated to Diana Taurica together with the wood famous for the fiction of Acteon and a Temple named Artimisio by Strabo Heretofore this was a famous place for the old but barbarous Religion instituted in that place by Orene and Iphegene to wit the custom of the Scythians the sacrificing with humane blood Here was that Temple whither the Fugitives brought from Tauri the Image of Diana hid in a pyle of wood whence in Italy they gave the Surname of Fascilede and Fascilina to Diana but of this superstition shall we with better conveniency treat in another place Pursue the Journey just to the Pontine Fens where at a little distance lye the Tres Tabernae or three Taverns the famous Hostery on the Via Appia mentioned in the 28th Chapter of the Acts which are distant from Arelia eleaven miles and from Rome thirty three as is clearly demonstrated by the antient Roman Itineraries and the very distance of the places they are indifferent entire being built as the other Fabricks of the Romans of great stones and bricks in squares Saint Luke writes in the Acts of the Apostles that certain Brothers yet Fresh men as we call them at Oxford in the Faith of Christ left Rome and came to meet Saint Paul as far as the Tres Tabernae at such time as he was transmitted as a criminal Person with a guard of Souldiers from Judea to Rome by Portius Festus the Procurator Thence leaving the Straâ—… or street Appia as it may be called from the former beauty testified by the ruines of Houses and Tombs c. on each side carried through the Pontine Fens with vast expence though now wholly obstructed and impassable through the waters of the Fens the ruine of structures and fall of Bridges you are necessitated to take a long journey by the Volsci the foot of the Apenines the craggy and sharp Rocks of Mountains to Terracina You shall see Setia on the left hand celebrated by the old Poets for the goodness of the wines and going more onward you leave behind you in the plain the walls of Priverno destroyed by the Germans and Brittons as Biondo testifies where in the circumspection remember that Caâ—…illa exercised the Empire of the Volsci Thence passing by Priverno Novello now Piperno scituate in the adjacent Mountain round which runs the River Anâ—…asceno you may behold before your eyes though at some distance the Coasts of the Mediterranian Sea and some Promontories which seem as it were disjoyned from the Terrafirma the firm Land of old full
of famous Castles and now little lesse then wholly abandoned There will appear to you in what scite AEneas built Lavinium in those dayes and where the City Laâ—…rentum stood near the sacred Fountain and the Lake of AEneas or of Jove Indigete Furthermore there is demonstrable where stood Ardea the City of King Turnus and Antium the head of the Volsci together with the famous Temple of Fortune and where Astura in famous that we may not call it famous for the death of Marcus Tullius Cicero the Dictator so active and famous Thence also will your eyes meet the situation of the house of Circe the Sorceress celebrated in the fictions of Poets of old an Island now a most high Promontory placed upon certain Rocks over the Sea conjoyned to the Terra firma by the Plashes of water and Fennish hills full of woods and Trees where Fame saies that Circe the most beautifull Daughter of the Sun transformed her guests into beasts and Cattel by her Magick Art which if not credible let 's beleeve she did it by her whorish Art Strabo saies that in the time of Augustus here was apparent a Temple of Circe an Altar of Minerva and that Goblet which Ulysses made use of when his companions were metamorphosed into beasts as Homer in his verses declares They assert commonly that in truth the mountain abounds with various plants of occult vertue and with infinite rare herbes and that thence this Fable had its Original For the relaters of Natural causes averr that Circe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek signifies the revolving of the Sun through whose heat and the reflex of the Summer Raies the plants and animated things receive vigour and mutation Thence then departing you must passe through the humid and large Pontine Campagna which is divided in the midst by the Strada Appia Regina the Queen of streets as we may call it from the Mauseoli the Sepulchres Temples Villages and Palaces wherewith t was once proudly adorned on both sides now only miserable reliques of its former lustre lying dejectedly and dispersedly in the waters TARRACINA WAS an antient Colony of the Romans and first of the Volsci t was first called Anxur or Ansure as most suppose in the greek Language from a certain place sacred to Jupiter called Ansure the most famous and most antient which they say the Spart ans built in that very place in the same form as is that of the Dea Feronia in the Pontine Fields built by the Sircei and Rutili who through the rigidness of Lycurgus his Laws deserted their Countrey and after long voyages fixed their abode in the maritime confines of Italy as Dionysius Halicarnasseus in his second book of Antiquities sets forth Virgil also makes mention of such a name in the eighth of his AEneides standing on the Circean Mountain in these verses Circiumque jugum queis Jupiter Anxurus oris Praesidet Upon which Servius in his Comentary gives the derivation of Anxur in these words Circa tractum Campaniae colebatur puer Jupiter qui Anxurus dicebatur quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est sine novacula because that Jupiter imberbis was there worshipt and he saies in another place Feroniam Junonem virginem ait existimatam fuisse veluti Jovem Anxurum vel sine novacula et perinde non abrasum qui coleretur Tarracinae quae etiam Anxurum aliquando dicta fuit And I remember my self to have seen a marble Altar dedicated by vow to Jove a childe as its antient inscription testifyed Strabo writes that the Graecians called her by another name to wit Trachina as much as to say sharp from the greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 being seated on a sharp and stony mounta in from which word it seems likely the Romans took the name Tarracina as is evident by some antique inscriptions for all which according to this form I conceive we ought to correct whatever word we meet with differing from this as we find in the fourth of Titus Livius Anxur fuit quae nunc Tarracinae sunt urbs prona paludes He seems to have in his mind the sharp and stony Horatian Countrey when he so gratiously describes this very voyage of the Strada Appia in the second book Ora manusque tua lavimus Feronia lympha Millia tum pransi tria repsimus atque subimus Impositum saxis late candentibus Anxur Tarracina is scituate three miles off the Temple of Feronia in the Circean Promontory in the Strada Appia which heretofore as Solinus testifies was environed by the Sea now a populous though small Countrey whereof that part towards the Sea is fertile and pleasant of old most adorned and pompous through the gardens Palaces and possessions of the Romans who were rich and potent whereof some Reliques and ruines lye scattered here and there as also some footsteps of that famous Port which Antoninus Pius restored with so vast expence A part also of the Temple of Jupiter Imberbis yet stands in the Walls of the Dome as the vast Marbles and pieces of Pillars witness before it are some old inscriptions with a Pillar to Theodorick for having dryed the Fens and renewed the way as by this appears Inclyta Gothorum Regis monumenta vetusta Anxurei hoc oculis exposuere loco The Strada Appia is compacted of solid stones and even all the way to Fondi which may well entertain the Pilgrim with its marvellous structure and the consideration of its old Fragments and above all where t is cut out of most hard milstones and reduced to a direct plain by chizels of Iron even to the Promontory of Tarracina The Spectator rests stupid at the eveÌ„ness of the straight way for foot Passengers at the length of the stones some being little lesse than 20 paces long and three broad adorned with ridges or cuts for the drynesse of the way for passengers and at every ten foot are stones raised for the more easy getting up on horsback or into Cart. Who is not astonisht at the solid wall of the same white Rock whereon are distinguishable every ten foots distance and the great number of those ten feet described and easily to be seen Who is not pleased with the design of those characters so well made and with so good proportion and who is not amazed to see those Tombes and Marbles on the waies of old adorned with triumphs of enemies now deprived wholly of all their fair habiliments By these ways it seemed good to the antients to propagae the majesty and authority of the Roman Empire through the world and to cause by those vast Labours and cost their greatness and power to be feared by Forraign Chiefs and Embassadors repairing from beyond the Seas and the Alpes to Rome that they might be Astonisht with the Ornaments of Italy and Rome All which things represent to the present age the vastness of the Fabricks in past times though now appearing little less than deformed FONDI FONDI is but a
small Castle but placed in an admirable scite in the plain of the Strada Appia and is as we may say risen out of the ruines of the antient perfection of Towns whch bore the same name whereof some Fragments yet appear in the adjacent Fens near the Lake Fondano To speak of it with authority take these verses of a certain German Poet. Collibus hinc atque inde Lacu simul aequore cinctum Citria cui florent hortis è littore Myrti Hesperidum decus et benevolentia culta Diones In our times this Castle received a foul disgrace from the hands of Hariadeno Barbarossa Captain of the Turkish Armada who by a suddain in road took it leading away all the Souldiers and Inhabitants sacking the Castle prophaning the Churches and arrived at his Gallies clapt all his prisoners into Chains The Strada Appia is the largest and was the famousest among the other twenty eight streets or ways of note which took beginning at Rome and was called the Queen of streets because that by it passed to Rome such as came triumphing from the East Appio Claudio made it as far as Capua and Caligula caused it to be paved with square stones and lastly Trajane renewed and restored it to Brandizzo beautifying it on each side with a green hedge of Laurels Bayes Pomgranats and Mastick trees pursuing this way before arrival at Fondi you meet the Mons 〈◊〉 noted amongst the antients for the good wine it bore as Martial saith Caecuba Fundanis generosa coquntur ahenis And leaving Fondi for Gaeta in the way you see the Villa Formiana famous for Cicero's slaughter and the Castle Itri scituate among certain hills most fruitfull in Figs Olives and other fruit Mola of old called Formia Formosa from the gardens lies thirty stades thence a stade being 125 paces eight whereof make an English mile Thence three miles taking the right hand you arrive at Gaeta which Country although all along it be but a bank is so well cultivated and so lovely adorned that it may not only fascinate and entertain the eyes of the Traveller but may be said like that in the Fable The residence of the Nymphs being in truth infinitely pleasant and delightfull on the right hand of it you have the prospect of the Sea on the left Flowers-Greens and Trees which being on this and that side bathed by the murmuring Rivolets afford a most excellent savour for refreshing the Travellors wearied senses GAETA Virgil speaks in honour of GAETA or CAJETA in these verses Tu quoque littoribus nostris AEneia nutrix AEternam moriens famam Cajeta dedisti GAETA enjoyeth a Port and a Fort which heretofore Ferdinando King of the Arragonians founded in a Corner of the Promontory towards the East having then driven the French out of the Kingdome of Naples within our memory the Emperor Charls the 5th added to it the neighbouring rock conjoyning it by a bridge which may be drawn up at pleasure to the rock that is highest and so redoubled the buildings augmenting its strength with Towers and ramparts and enclosing the whole mountain joyned it to the City by Ditches and Walls from which Towers such is their contrivance the Port and the City though lying much lower receive a perfect defence and protection being alwaies guarded with a good garison of Spanish Souldiers nor is any person permitted to enter neither stranger Townesman or Country man The City therefore may be well esteemed secure since so well provided for by art with all those Forts bulwarks c. and by nature by its own scituation having contiguous with it that Promontory as t were hanging over it and almost round it the waters of the Sea being as t were in a Peninsula having but a narrow Isthmus to come to it by Land excellently defended by a bridge a Gate a Fort and the Sea waters on each side The Promontory shews it self with two Heads on that side regarding the Mediterranean lies the City on the plainest and levelled part on the other Cliffs Rocks and Praecipices which extend into the Sea t is open from top to bottom occasioned by a great earthquake and that a long time since such many times happening in these parts of Italy The old Poets and Prophets sometimes called Neptune Ennosigaeo and Sifittone for that as they feigned he turned upside down the foundations of the mountains with his Trident. The Inhabitants and neighbouring people in boats with great devotion row into that wide space and religiously reverence the place for that they certainly believe that mountain was thus cleft in sunder by an earthquake at the time our Redeemer Jesus Christ suffered upon the Cross for the salvation of mankind as in the holy Gospel we find it written that at that time the Mountains and stones were rent in sunder in the midst of the opening of this mountain stands a Church and a very rich Monastery dedicated to the most sacred and great Trinity built with the alms of devout souls you may there see a vast stone so fallen from the top of the mountain that it may be said to be sustained by a miracle between the broken walls of the opening where it begins to narrow There Ferdinand King of Arragonia erected a fair Chappel dedicating it to the S. S. Trinita which appears as in the Sea and they go to it from the monastery by a way made with hands in the rupture of the Mountain the broken stones on one side and the hollowed places whence they fell on the other when tom out by the earthquake afford an enticing object Among other things there worth a view is a shrine made by Charls of Bourbon a famous though wicked Captain of later times who in the bloody assault and sack of Rome dyed of a wound from a gunshot The bones of this bad man are enclosed in a chest or coffin of wood covered with black silk and are obvious at the first entrance of the Castle in an eminent place under it may be read this Epitaph Francia mi dia la luche Espanna m'es fuerzo y ventura Roma mi dia la muerte Gaeta la Sepoltura Englished thus by Jo. Raymond Gent. France gave me breath Spain strength to arms did call Rome gave me death Gaeta Burial But to study brevity I have deliberated to run over those things only which may afford some fruit in reading and learning to the Ingenious IN the upper part of the Temple or great Church they shew all the pretious gifts and ornaments of that magnificent house wherein the episcopal seat was at first placed after the burning and destruction of the neighbouring Formia bestowed on it by the cruel hands of the Saracens Out of whose ruines was drawn that huge Bacchical Crater or Boul which holds many of those measures of wine which are called Crati or runnelets t is made of the whitest marble and is now applyed to the use of a Font for holy Baptism Corona Pighio reports not to
third book of the Roman history whence issuing forth by an obscure breach he at unawares put to sack the quarters of the Captain Clodiâ—…s and of the rest who were at the siege who never conceived the least thought of it Whither at this day any subterranean wayes or caverns leading from the Vineyards to the mouth of the Mountain are found out I cannot tell Pighius assuredly tells us that he observed at the top of the mountain about the mouth certain vents whence proceeded a continual heat wherein putting his hand he perceived clearly a heat although small and without smoke or vapour but our Country man Raymond observed in his view there a certain hill rising in the midst of the Vorago that still vomits thick smoke which he saies the fire within hath raised within few years that it dayly encreaseth and when grown to a fuller bulk Caveat Neapolis Thus much touching the Vesuvius Between the mountain Vesuvius and Attella in the Mediterranâ—… are scituate Mereliano Acerra and Sessola at present ruinated of old possessed by the Camps of the Leborini where the Romans and the Samnity fought most fiercely hither reach those mountains of Capua called by the Antients Tisata and those that extended towards the Mole Northwards here is Forche Caudino and other Castles with many inhabited places among which the chief is the Castle of Aciola at the foot of these mountains lies Caserta the City and Country of the great Cardinal Santorino called Santa Severina near which lye Maddalone Orazano and Argentino Behind Tifata on the back of the Mountain is scituate Sarno flowing with waters by means of the River Sarno which there takes its rise these are mediterranean places about Naples and Campana whence you go to the Marca The Kingdom whereof Naples is the Metropolis coÌ„menceth from Latium that part where the River Ufente runs into the Terreno Then towards the Apenines it passeth to Terracina thence to Frigella or Ponte curvo Ceperano Rieti Tagliacozze a Ducal City and Matrice where Trent begins its source Then follow the way along the River for eighteen miles to Colonia de gli Ascolani where the River dischargeth it self into the Adriatick Sea that part of the Kingdome opposite to the Promontory called of old Leucoperta now Capo Dell'armi respecting Sicilia is distant from Poggio forty eight stadii each of which contains 125 paces whose head is called Tarlo T is 418 miles of way to go by Terracina Bossento and Reggio towards Naples This Kingdom of Naples is one thousand four hundred and sixty eight mile in circuit whereto some have assigned ten provinces others nine others seaven and we thirteen The Terra di Lavoro taking in Naples hath three Arch-Bishops twenty five Bishopricks one hundred sixty six Castles surrounded with walls and one hundred and sixty Towns the Principality named Di quà on this side hath twelve Cities two hundred and eighteen Castles the Principality Di là beyond eleaven Cities one hundred forty and one Castles the fairest among which is Consa La Baâ—…ilicata hath ten Cities ninety three Castles the fairest Venesa La Calabria di quà hath ten Cities one hundred sixty two Towers and Villages La Calabria di là wherein is Reggio hath sixteen Cities and one hundrd and thirty Castles The Province of Otranto hath besides Brindesi thirteen other Cities and one hundred fifty eight Castles or Towns The Province de Bari hath fourteen Cities and fifty Castles La Capitaota thirteen Cities and fifty Towns whereof the most notable is Manfredonia The Countrey of Moliseo four Cities one hundred and four Castles the fairest Trivento L'abruzzo di quà hath five Cities one hundred and fifty Castles the chief Teate L'Abruzzo di là besides Aquila hath four other Cities and two hundred eighty four Castles but with more brevity to speak of them this Kingdom hath twenty Arch-Bishopricks one hundred twenty five Bishopricks ten Principalitys twenty three Dutchies thirty Marquisates fifty four Earld omes with authority over their subjects fifteen Lords who have jurisdiction four hundred forty three petty Lords with title and authority a thousand Towns enclosed with walls and villages in great number The most famous Islands of this Kingdom are Enaria Procida Lipari and thirteen others of small fame The Offices of this Kingdom are great Comestable who is Viceroy Grand Justiciary Grand Admiral Grand Chamberlain Grand Prothonotariy Grand Mareschal Grand Chancellor as also the Sindico or Judge who publiquely performs his office in attending the busineâ—…s of the City Naples which hath five kindes of assembly of the Nobles di Nido di Porta Nova di Capuana di Montagna di Porto which congregations or assemblies although under other denominations the City Capua likewise enjoyes Many Cities most antient and adorned with signal conditions have been in this Kingdom whose memory is yet in being except Osea Metaponto Sibari and others hereafter spoken of The Foster Children of this Kingdome truly famous in Letters were Archita Eurito Alemeone Zenone Leucippus Parmenides Timeus Ennius Lucillus Pocuvins Horatius Ovidius Statius Juveâ—…al Salustius Cicero and San Thomasus besides others more modern I wil be silent of such sommi Pontifici or Popes the Emperors Kings the valorous Captains of war and the thousands of Prelates Princes and Heroes as likewise of the male and female Saints who perpetually contemplate the Countenance of God as this Kingdom hath happily given birth to These following have been Lords of the Kingdom of Naples to wit the Greeks the Goths the Vandals the Longobards Sarazens the Turks the Hormeni the Suevi the French the Catalonians the Arragoâ—…ians the Flemmings or Spaniards and sometime the not to be forgotten Romans The Journey towards POZZUOLO THe Mountain Pausilippus though very high is well manured with vineyards and rich Townes also in old time as we collect from Pliny and others it extends into the Sea in form of a Promontory and shuts up the way between Naples and Pozzuolo and was an intollerable toyle to the Travellers to pass over or go round it before t was cut in two t is now by the industry of the passengers through their hollowing it for the head and levelling it for the feet become the mistress of waies being strait plain and easy therefore the Graecians to the purpose by a word in their tongue called it Pausilippo as if they would say a remover of troubles and labour by which surname the Graecians of old called Jupiter as we read in Sophocles The mountain is hollowed within for one thousand paces in length twelve foot wide and as much more in heighth on which as Strabo writes two Carts may commodiously meet and pass under earth Seneca calls the cavern Cripta Neapolitana though now the name is changed for Grotta where he writes to Lucullus in the 58. epistle to have run the whole fortune of the Atlesi for that he found copiously in a part of the muddy way implaistrings and in the same cavern abundance of the dust
Annals sets forth who writes that his father was a man appertaining to the Censor whence t is impssioble but L. Pisone must have been his Father of whom the eloquent tongue of Cicero speaks so much ill as that he was banished whilst he was Consul He was then Censor in the seuen hundred fifty and third yeer whilst Caesar Dictator warred against the confederates of Pompey Among all the greatest charges and employments which the Calphurnian family participated they only twice administred the Censorship The first time L. Pisone Frugi was Censor after the Consulacy in the 695 yeer of Rome who being Tribune of the People prevailed for that Law against the rapine of the Provincial Magistrates and the second time fifty eight yeers after This Temple is so well built that in the space of so many ages neither Time the consumer of all things nor the insolencies of enemies who have many times destroyed the rest of the City have been able to ruinate which could not come otherwise to passe theâ—… from the beams being composed of marble in which scarce a fastning appears yet the impetuous force of the earthquakes have in part moved it out of order in such sort that the right angle of the Frontispiece is faln with a part of the Title where certain ruptures appear Of such esteem was this Fabrick that the architectors were not ashamed the work being finished to place their name there being Luccio Cocino Liberta of Luca and Caio Postumi as we read in the left wall of the Church in these words L. Cocceius C. Postumi L. Auctus Architect Many other holy sacred places that were therein are either faln to nothing or at least wise very badly handled The Temple of Neptune as Cicero affirms was the most famous of which some great Fragments to this day remain near San Francesco as vaults arches huge wals other places with their nooks for the statues but its columns and high ornaments of marble are taken away Also near the Amphitheatre are the footsteps ruines of a Temple which Antonius Pius Augustus had erected to Adrian the Emperor his Father who dyed at Baia in the Mannor house of Cicero as Spartianus relates Some yeers last past many fair statues and vast peices of Columnes and Marbles were amoved together with the Elogies of Nerva Trajan and Adrian the Emperors that is to say of the Father Grandfather and great Grand-Father to whom Antonius having created them Gods had 〈◊〉 sacerdotal sacrifices of the Flamins and their companions and hence some believe he obtained the surname of Pius the Pious as we are instructed from the aforesaid Spartianus and by Julius Capitolinus The Temple of the NYMPHES extant on the Sea Shore without POZZVOLO IT seems very likely that either the Sea or Earthquakes have swallowed up the temple of the Nymphs the which we read in the 8th Book of Philostratus Cennius in the life of Apo lonius Tianeus Domitianus the Emperour built on the sea shore without Pozzuolo he writes that t was built with white stone and that of old t was famous for divination and that in it was found a fountain of running spring water from the which though any quantity were taken away t was never perceived to diminish but this with â—…nfinite other antiquities is now gone to nothing yet now is evident at a little distance from the Land near the Via Campana in the Sea a fountain of sweet water which gurgles to this day with great force whose source may be alwaies perceived almost to admiration if the Sea be quiet and calm let the studious of antiquity consider if in this place the Temple of the Nymphes may have been which conjecture will not seem far from truth upon weighing the words of Philostratus who relates that Apolloneus Trineus appeared to his two Dâ—…sciples Damides and Demetrius was in the Temple of the Nymphes on the Sea shore without Pozzuolo who were disputing the nature of the abovenamed fountain where also is the Island of Calissus to whom the successes of what happened with Ulisses they relate in the fables Furthermore as t were in the midst of the Colony remains yet a most huge Amphitheatre little lesse then entire composed of squared stones the which not withstanding its ill treatment by earthquakes the taking away many of its stones and the plowing of its soyl yet appears in its first form enlarged into a more lâ—…rge circuit then was usual for the Emperors Leandro Alberto saies that by measuring he found it to be in length in the plain within 172 foot in bredth only 92. foot Ferrante Loffredo Marques of Trevico affirms this the most antient Amphitheatre supposing it to be built before Rome lost its liberty under the Emperours from an old inscription in marble there found demonstrating under what Consuls this Fabrick was repaired at the publick expence of the Citizens of Pozzuolo which inscription although much sought for by me I had not the good hap to see Many fragments of Acqueducts are yet to be seen which either passed through or surounded the Mountains nor is it an easy matter to number the conserves for the waters made in divers formes some entire and some ruinated by earthquakes many of which are under ground and very large which who enters without a clue of thread a light or a well practised guide may dwell there for ever so intricate are the labyrinths built without gates heads or turning streets from which we may assuredly know that the Romans with vast expence thither drew and therein preserved great plenty of those sweet waters abounding on that Maritimate coast The vulgar unskilled in old history as in all things very ignorant have most injuriously expressed themselves in giving ridiculous names to these edifices calling them Piscine mirabili wonderfull fishpools Cento Celle the hundred Cells and Grotte Draconarie Dragons Caves Soe also have they handled the fountains and baths in number forty or more between Pozzuolo Misseno and Cuma of divers sorts and efficacious for sundry diseases But t is not our purpose to look back and take notice by one and one of these things having already set forth whatever is there rare and worthy view we shall therefore referre such as desire more ample and compleat satisfaction in the like objects to Leandro Alberto and the other writers herein before mentioned The description of the Antient Port of POZZUOLO SUch and so great wonders as here by degrees present themselves to the view of the Traveller as he approaches the Sea side may well entertain him for like mountains in the waters rise the immense moles of the old Port that is thirteen immense Piles which spring out of the water like square Towers which in old time were conjoyned in manner of a bridge by frequent arches but now by fortune and antiquity those gross engines are separated and the falling down of some of the Arches renders it unpassable from one to the other which
must have been caused either from earthquakes or the furious Sea the whole fabrick being composed of burned earth like bricks of two foot square not easily to be divided and broke down by any other accident T is certainly known that when this Port was in being it extended it self into the Sea in form of a large bridge and bending it self in the fashion of a bow reached the shore and the Avernus and so defended the place from the raging force and storms of the Sea whose haughtinesse was comodiously bridled by means of those Moles And t is believed that the Antients there made those Arches to the end that through them the sea waters might enter into the Port and by its continual flowing and ebbing keep it cleansed of the mud which the rivers and rain waters brought down in to it from the Terra firma and the neighbouring hills through which in their course to the Sea those waters must first passe and it had not been possible to avoid the filling up of that port in few yeers by that perpetual inroad of durt had not the Sea waters through those Arches continually purged it of that mud and filthinesse so drove into it and this the inconvenience in the port of Naples and divers others who are only surrounded with a bank without arches sufficiently proves Suetonius in the life of Caligula from its vastnesse calls it the Mole of Pozzuolo from whence thorough the midst of the Gulf of the Sea Caligula as he writes to shew his greatness and vanity and to be able to tread and walk on the Sea as well as upon the Land or as Dion saies because he would imitate King Xerxes who passed his Army out of Asia into Europe over the streight of Hellespont upon a wooden Bridge commanded to be brought together and new built all the ships he could get which were infinite and therewith caused a Bridge to be made with the said Ships set in two Banks fastened and moored together with anchors chains and cables which made them stand fixt and firm and extended even to Baias through the gulf of the Sea he commanded this bridge to be made of boords so strong and even and to lay so much earth upon the same as it seemed to be firm ground and one of the streets of Rome like the Strada Appia This being finished he proudly attired in Robes of Gold and pearl and a crown of Oaken boughes on his head called Civica on horseback entred at one end of the bridge and road to the other accompanyed with the Band of the Pretorian Souldiers and all the Nobles and Gentlemen of Rome and the next day returned habited like a Campanian in a Chariot with a great multitude of his Friends Dion writes that the night he lay on this bridge he caused such an infinite number of Torches lanthorns and other Lights to be lighted and set up that the clearnesse thereof did exceed the darknesse of the night Caligula boasting that he had made of the night day and of the Sea Land because it happened that these two days the Sea was calm he said that Neptune did it for feare to do him Reverence Suetonius adds that Caligula having invited many who being on the shore ready to goe on the Bridg where himself was he turned them all over breaking the bridg and commanded some that endeavoured to catch hold of the ropes of the Vessels to be forced into the water with oars and other staves which served for a jest and pleasant spectacle to this Monster Seneca in his 78th Epistle calls this Machine by the name of Pila saying Omnis in Pilis Puteolanorum turba consistit cum Alexandrinarum navium conspicitur adventus And therefore this Machine in a serene sky served to those of Pozzuolo to passe and walk on as if they had been in a Piazza At the entrance on this Mole as aforesaid was a large Arch built of Marble dedicated to the Emperor Ant onius Pins by those of Pozzuolo by way of gratitude for his remembrance of their Republique with liberality in moneys for repairing the Port as we find from that piece of an Elogy aforementioned here set down for the benefit of such as delight in these particulars AEsari Divi hici Nepoti Divi onino Aug Pio olonia Flavia uper Caerera Benus Pilarum vigin quo et Munition The entire contents whereof cannot easily be comprehended from these few remaining characters but may in some sort be supplied from the said words and the marks of the Lines wherewith those characters appeare which being formed to our thoughts seem after manner Imp. Caesari Divi Hadriani filio Divi Trajani Parthici Nepoti Divi Nervi Pron T. AEl Hadriano Antonino August Pio. Pont. Max. trib pot coss pp. Colonia Flavia Aug. Puteo lanorum Quod super caetera beneficia ad hujus etiam tutelam Portus Pilarum viginti molem cum sumptu fornicum Reliquo et munition ex aerario suo largitus sit Julius Capitolinus much favors the subject of this elogy by what he writes in the life of Antoninus Pius to wit that he gave moneys to many Cities to the intent they should either erect new publick structures or restore the old The Promontory of MISENO THus having viewed the old and great foundations of the Piazzza and the Port passe by bark directly from the Mole to the Promontory of Miseno famous and immortal by the verses of Virgil and the writings of other good Authors This mountain lies in the Sea and is boared and hollow full of grotts and caverns which made the Poet much to the purpose and with no lesse ingenuity to stile it AErio or ayry as if he would denote it windy by reason of the waies and concavities in it self saying further that under it AEneas gave sepulture to Misenus his dead Trumpeter man of oars or as Servius writes afterwards sacrificed to the Avernus as in his sixt he saies Imponit suaque arma viro remumque tubamque Monte sub AErio qui nunc Misenus ab illo Dicitur aeternumque tenet per saecula nomen Seeming by the Oare and the Trumpet to glance at the future famousnesse of that Port and of the Armada or Fleet which Augustus had then placed there for defence of the Mediterranean Sea under E. M. Agrippa And Dion commemorates that Augustus being made Captain made use of it for the harbour of the Fleet in the Sicilian warr against Sextus Pompeius where they then lay in the sea between Miseno and Cuma environed with hills in form of a crescent a place very capacious and more then opportune for the Navy at Sea by reason of those three gulfes of the Sea scituate between Baia and Pozzuolo that is the Lake of Baia the Lucrino and the Averno the which Lucius Florius calls by a most gratious Metaphor the Ease of the Sea of which the Averno now called Mare Mortuum being included where it issueth out with fand seems a
stagne or Moore about a thousand paces distant from the allodgment of the Armada And therefore the neighbouring precincts as also the Miseno began to be accommodated for the Souldiers stations for that the Fleet there was wont to winter and both Strabo and Servius the Commentators upon Virgil report that the wood and Trees on Averno were cut down because they through their thicknesse rendred the air offensive and prejudicial to the health of the Inhabitants furthermore hills were boared thorough and leuel waies layed to the end there might be a short and facile accesse to the shores of Baia and Lucrino And that fresh water might never be defective with infinite expence and no lesse labour Rivolets from Rivers and fountains from springs were conveyed thither from a far off cisterns and conservatories were built vast enough in divers figures as the conveniency of the place afforded both in the plain and under the ground and in the very bowels of the hil that so cold water might be at all times ready for refreshing the bodies in the excessive heat of the Summer t is for these reasons that we find the Miseno in great part hollow and concave within and exposed to the air to the very top In which we see sitting places for washing baths lakes and tables for eating being within full of grotts waies and edifices arched here and there sustained by frequent pillars part built with brick part cut out of the same rock among which edifices the biggest conservatory of the waters called vulgarly Grotta Dragonacia is admi rable as are the conveyances into it for the rain waters descending from the Promontory the which Grotta is capable of many thousand butts being large beyond measure and twnety five foot deep the largness not being to be measured for that the vaults and ruines fallen into it have filled many parts of it all these conservatories are incrusted or plaistered with a certain hard composition used by the antients for rendring them tenable of the waters so that none could pass nor soak thorough the inward space between the walls is two hundred foot long and eighteen broad having four doors through which is entrance into four great chambers near these are other conserves different in artifice and grandeur That which vulgarly they call Cento Camere from the multitude of abodes by some thought to be Nerva's prison where among the other Fabricks they preserved their waters is wonderful for the vastnesse and art wherewith t is built its walls within are conjâ—…ined within in squares and support the vaults forming every where square chambers which on all sides have small doors by which may go from one to the other the servants whose office t was when the waters were spent to cleanse them of the dirt and soyle the vaults of these chambers have certain open holes whereby the waters might be drawn up as occasion required The Piscina Mirabili or Pool for water was admirable and famous and known by this name the which is yet almost entire on the back of the Promontory of Miseno toward the Port for the Navy and Cuma This Fabrick Leandrus Albertus affirms is inclosed by four walls is five hundred foot long and two hundred and twenty broad and the Vault somewhat higher raising a little archwise from the walls it riseth higher towards the middle being supported upon forty eight columns each of which is three foot square which being disposed into four ranks represent a beautifull and proportionable object for the whole length The whole Fabrick is composed of brick and the walls being of a great thicknesse render it of an extream firmnesse both the Walls and Pillars with in are exactly incrusted as useful to keep them from leaking and in the arch are many open ovals for drawing up the waters at each end were forty steps for descent to the very bottome The Pavement on the sides is higher even to the midst of the Porticue whence was a descent by fiue steps into a lesser chamber on each side and thence was a descent into another very narrow inclosed place into which t is supposed the waters purged their filth and uncleannesse the which was afterwards exhaled by the publique officers for this purpose called Castellarij from these conservatories of waters being denominated Castella in Latine All the Pavement is Terras beaten with all art and diligence so that to this day it holds the rain water like a dish in the lowest part of it Many variously conjecture who should be the first builders of so vast Fabricks some whereof suppose L. Licinius Luâ—…ullus to have been the first Author and that this was built out of the ruines of the said Lucullus his Villa which Plutarch and Varro write he built most proud in the Tract of Baia neare the Promontory of Misenus with whom agree Suetonius and Cornelius Tacitus who write that Tiberâ—…us the Emperor dyed in the same Villa whence hindred by the storms at Sea being sick he could not sayle over to the Island Caprea Others think this was the Fabrick of Nero and thence t is to this day called Peschiera di Nerone and Suetonius writes that he began a Peschery extending from Baia to Avernus covered and shut in by porticues But this conjecture pleaseth not me much nor any other who hath diligently seen those places who know the use of the like Fabricks to have been meerly for conserving of waters and for that these three Fabricks afore described lye so contiguous one to the other it may not be far from the purpose to imagine that 〈◊〉 and the Princes his successors built them for the use of the â—…leet since it is assuredly known the Souldiers thereof there continually lodged and wintred some vast fragments of their military lodges yet being extant and I remember that I copied out some Epitaphs of the Souldiers of the Armada from the near sepulchres wherein are placed the names of the Pretorian ships as Fede Isede Gallo wherein they had served whereof some brief ones for delight of the studious of antiquity hereunder follow D. M. Ti Porroniceletis Nat. Alex. Ex. III. Isidevix Ann. XL. Mil. am XIIII Titi. Us. Aquilibus Epidius Parisi III. Isid. H. A. M. fecerunt D. M. C. Senio Severo Manipulato ex III. Fide Natione Bessus Vixit annos XLVI Emilius dolens Erei E. M. Fecit D. M. C. Julio Quarto Ver Ex. Pr. N. Gallo M. Cecilius Felix S. Inâ—…ia Heraclia S. S. These had the captainship of the Fleet who constantly resided there as was Anicetus the libertine of Nero who was first his Master by means of whose frauds these there slew near the Bauli Agrippina his Mother In such a command though different from this was Pliny the writer of the natural history in the time of Vespasian at Misenus and there governed the Armada and Navy at the eruption and burning of the Vesuvius being with it shaken by the earthquake but approaching too near with his ships to
the way that led to Cuma Her bath yet stands and her Chambers painted in Mosaick woâ—…k yet all under ground as most of the aforesaid Antiquities except the Temples are CUMA Leaving the Lake Avernus you find on the way among the ruines of the City Cuma now altogether undone desert great foundations and ruines of Towers Temples and Edifices of importance On the top of the mountain are yet the footsteps of a Temple of Apollo which in its time was infinitely celebrated and is taken notice of by Virgil and Servius his Commentator There is also an Arch built with brick now called Arco Felice the happy Arch of a stupendious high Vault through which the antients wrought an even way between two heads of Mountains Cuma was built by the Calcidensi a Graecian people of Negroponte who being arived in those Seas with their ships to seek out a Country for their habitation first landed in those near Islands called Pitherusa which lye over against Campania and were so denominated from the multitude of Apes thereon found and afterwâ—…rds taking courâ—…ge they passed over into the Terra â—…irma where they built this City Cuma calling her by this name either from one of their Captains so called or from the Procurator in those maritimate Coasts or from its good augury they there met with to wit a woman great with child the which confirmed them in their determination to dwell there as Strabo Dionysius and Livy relate for to all these sences Cuma in Greek considering its significations may be well applyed These people lived a long time governing their Republique with prudence and increased so much that Pozzuolo Paleopoli and Naples became part of their Colony we read that the Cumani were under Tyrants before the Romans expelled their Kings but this happened not through their being subjugated by any but because they chose to themselves a head and chief to obey who after the Greek manner was called Tyranno that is Lord one of which was Aristodemo Malaco elected for his meer valour as Livy and Dionysius Halicarnasseus write for that with a small party he overcame a great nnmber of Tuscans Ombrians and Ausonians enemies of the Cumani and slew with his own hand Arunte the Son of Porsenna their Captain To which Aristodemns say the same Authors Tarquinius Superbus expelled Rome fled for safety and by him being well accepted he ended his daies in Cuma Afterwards the Cumani were overcome and for some time evilly intreated by the Campani saies Strabo but in subsequent times there being no Forts strong enough to resist the Romans all those people were at one instant of time reduced under the said Romans who set a Praefect over the City Cuma for that that people would too obstinately have fought for defence of their Liberty Afterwards that City run retrograde loosing its splendour and inhabitants for that the Romans by their greatnesse measuring their pride possessed themselves of all that Campania or Country erecting therein their luxurious and most sumptuous Palaces which not only obscured Cuma but all the adjacent Cities who being bereaved of their Land first fayled of Inhabitants and at last became desolate yet Cuma was the last of those Cities that underwent this desolation by reason that being built upon a mountain when the Roman Empire began to feel its tottering condition by the frequent in roads of the barbarous Nations into Italy Cuma for the commodity of its site was reduced into a Fortresse which caused Agathia Mireneus in his first book of the Gothick warr to say â—…hat Cuma in his time was very strong almost impregnable through its many grosse Towers walls and other fortifications and that for this reason Totila and Teja Kings of the Goths thither conveighed their Treasure as to a safe and secure place together with their most estimable and dearest things however Narsetes the Legate of Justinian the Emperor after a long siedge made himself Lord of it But at present nought hereof remains save only immense ruines foundations and profound Ditches cut into the hard stony rock with Chisels In the departure from Cuma you often fall upon parcels of the Via Domitiana now interrupted in many places and great Ruines of a stone Bridge raised over the Volturnus Domitian cau sed this way to be made beginning from the Via Appia between Minturue and Sinvessa and so leading to Cuma Statius Papinius in his Hendecasillibi or verses of eleven sillables makes mention of Cuma the above named bridge and a triumphal Arch of Marble placed on the same way whereof no fragments are now to be found LINTERNO And why now called the Tower of the Countrey ON the left hand of the Via Domitiana lye vast ruines of the old City Linternum of old a Colony of the Romans so in the midst of that t was called the Tower of the Countrey Campania which name it seems to have acquired from the places old successe and was ennobled by the remainder of dayes which Scipio Affricanus the Greater spent there after his voluntary banishment from his Countrey Rome Who being ill treated by his Citizens whom with their goods and estates he had defended from their Enemies and made them Lords of Spain and Affrick in disdain of so great ingratitude retired himself to his own Palace in this place that he might deprive his Countrey of himself living of his assistance by this means dealing with her as most ingratefull after his death commanding his body to be there entered expresly forbidding his bones to be transported to Rome as Livy Strabo Valerius Maximus Seneca and many others relate Pliny saith further in the last Chapter of the sixteenth book of his natural History that even to his tâ—…me they found in Linternum of the Olive trees planted by Scipio Affricanus and a â—…irtle of a notable largenesse under which was a Cave inhabited by a Dragon the guardian of Scipâ—…oes Soul from which fable arose this other which the Inhabitants tell of the Monte Massico so renowned for the wines it produced to wit thaâ—… in a certain â—…ave on the said mountain lay a Dragon who slew and devoured all such as approached to him and that t was therefore called Monte Dragone and the Castle standing thereon is called La Rocca di Monte Dragone Iu these quarters is a spring or fountain of which was wont to be sharp or sower water and as t was said would intoxicate â—…ut now it hath the tast of sweet and pure water and hath not the said effect of inebriating but when drunk cures the head-ache SINOPE or SINVESSA UNder the Castle Dragone stood the antient City Sinope first a Colony of the Greeks and afterwards made a Colony by the Romans calling it Sinvessa when they also made Minâ—…nrnum a near City another Colony by occasion of the warr they had against the Samniti in the four hundred fifty seventh yeer after Romes foundation Appius Claudius and L. Volturnius being Consuls the latter
the second time as Livius relates or the following yeer when Pirrhus began to reign as Velleius Paterculus will have it Vast ruines of this City lye disperst on every side there but chiefly towards the Sea where the footsteps of a large port also appear T was a renowned City having a healthfull air and some salutiferous hot fountains for which the Poet Silius stâ—…les Sinvessa luke warme these fountains are now denominated Bagni Gaurani but Tacitus calls them Sinvessan waters saying in the 12th book of his Annals that Claudius the Emperor being restored to his sences caused himself to be conveighed to Sinvessa for recovering his health hoping and depending much on the goodnesse of the aire and the benefit of the Sinvessian waters when his wife Agrippina had prepared for him those poisoned mushrooms which himself and his Son Brittanicus eat This Agrippina was Daughter of the noble Germanicus Sister to Caligula and by him abused she was first married to Domitius by whom she had Nero afterwards to Claudius whom with his Son as aforesaid she poisoned that her Son Nero might be Emperor But her falshood abomination cruelty was not unpuni'sht by that Son who though he had joined her in equal authority with himself and carnally known her as some suppose yet caused her to be most cruelly slain after sundry attempts to do it privately and with least trouble and pain to her Tacitus saies further in the first book speaking of the histories of his time That Onofrius Tigillinus one of the principal actors of Nero the Emperours misdeeds had the wezel pipe of his throat cut near the waters of Sinvessa whilst disporting himself among his Concubines he least thought of any such thing MINT URNE The River Garigliano being passed wherein the Scille or Seashrimp or prauns are taken a sweet little fish held very delitious by the Romans you may see the reliques of Minturnae of old a most flourishing Colony of the Romans and among them the footsteps of vast publique and Private Fabricks some despoiled of the marble which embelâ—…ished them and some entire As a very sumptuous Aqueduct a Theatre with its Scenes and all other necessary parts a work after the antient way of building but solid An Amphitheatre with its accomodation for sitting one seat above another but despoiled of its marble wherwith for ought appears the 〈◊〉 â—…rajetto standing on the neighbouring hill hath been adorned and fortified which Amphitheater is now used as an inclosed pasturage for goats and sheep Therein lye great footsteps of Walls and Towers great arches over gates and vast foundations of edifices from whence we easily collect she hath a been potent and noble City This place hath acquired an illustrious fame also from that great victory which the Christians there obtained against the Saracens and Infidels under the Captains of the Christian Army Pope John the 10 and Albericus Marquess of Tuscany when all Italy was delivered from that cursed people except Monte Gargano whither such as could escape fled and possessed it a long time after robbing both by sea and land At the mouth of the river Garigliano was the sacred wood where the Minturnesi honoured the Nymph or Goddesse Marica the wife of Faunus to whom on the banks they built a proud Temple whereof nought now remains no more then of the honourable City Venista or of Ausonia a most noble City which was so named of Auson the Son of Ulâ—…sses and Calypso which City afterwards gave name to all Italy over all which it also Lorded which Cities stood in those parts along the aforesaid river LE PALVDI MINTVRNESI THe adjacent Fenns now Medows called Minturnesi are famous for that they reduce to memory a notable example of the various changes of Fortune which was that C. Marius who had been seaven times Consul and had seaven times triumphed had the good hap to abscond himself therein for saving his life where notwithstanding he was found by a Frenchman an Enemy but one that had not the boldnesse to offend him being terrified and put to fear by the Majestick aspect and noble presence of that great man Whence Marius having reached a ship passed into Affrick whereof Juvenal speaks concisely in these words Exilium carcer Minturnarumque palludes Et mendicatus victa Carthagine panis FORMIA Thence the Via Appia leads by Hercoleana to Formia which way is very pleasant but the Castle Mola now stands near if not in the place where Formia of old stood Mola takes its name from the many Mills grinding in that quarter by reason of the quantity of water The Countrey is such that a more delicious cannot be fancied wherfore Martial saies O temperatae dulce Formiae littus And a little after follows Hic summa legistringitur Thesis vento Nec languet aequor viva sed quies Ponti Volaterrannâ—…s and others well skilled believe that here was the Villa Formiana appertaining to Cicero famous for his slaughter there which opinion cannot well be contradicted because the Epitaphs inscriptions reliques of antiquity on the Appia and near Towns demonstrate that the City Formia was there but chiefly these words to be read on the basis of a Statue in that place following Imp. Caesari Divi Hadriani Filio Divi Trajani Parthici Nep. Divi. Nervae Pronepoti Tito AElio Hadriano Antonino Aug. Pio. Pont. Max. Tr. Pont. XI Cos. III. II. P. P. Formiani Publicè Strabo Pliny Solinus and other historians concurring say that the Lacedaemonians built Formia in the antient Territories of the Lestrigoni and therefore Silius Italicus calls it the house of Antifata because there Antifata the Son of Janus and Nephew of Neptune ruled over the Lestrigoni and first called it Hormia which in their Language signified a comodious port which that was The Lacedaemonians were afterwards subjugated by the Campani and they by the Romans who reduced that with Capua into the form of a Prefecture yet leaving Formia in Liberty or free and making her participate of the Roman honours for some time as Livins in his 33 book at last in the civil warrs Formia was made a Roman Colony and reduced with many others in Italy into Castles and Forts as Frontinus saies by the Triumvirate Caesar Antonius and Lepidus T was most flourishing in the time of the Emperors through the goodnesse of the air it in joyed as Horace Martial and other authors worthy credit relate which may also be conjectured from the more noble structures now extant In the end the Saracens destâ—…oyed it with many other Cities in Campania or the Terra di Lavoro when Pope Gregory the 4th translated the Fpiscopacy to Gaiela And thus then pursueth the Via Appia leading to Fondi VELLETRI VElletri was an antient and potent Castle of the Volsci whereof the Roman histories frequently speak Livius and Dionysius Hallicarnasseus say that Velletri was besieged and enforced to yeild to Ancus Martius King of the Romans and Livy adds further that t was severely
Pelestrina named Suffucius by frequent advices and menaces which he had in his dreams was commanded to break out of a certain place a great flint stone wherat all the other Citizens his Compatriots fell a laughing but when the stone was broke the Lots or Chaunces suddenly leaped forth engraven in antient Letters which occasioned their honouring of Fortune in that place and thence became the place by little and little enclosed and shut up through respect of the Image of Jupiter there devoutly adored by the Matrons in form of a boy childe sitting with Juno in the lap of Fortune in a posture as seeking out the breast and teat and that at the same time after the Temple of Fortune was built there dropped honey from an olive tree wherewith by commandement of the Southsayers was made a chest and therein those Lotts were reposed the which were mingled and drawn out by a litle boyes hand when ever they would see the issue of any thing as Fortune had at large directed her intention to be that after this manner they should draw out the Lots This observation was most antient and such as affirm L. Sylla to be the builder of this Temple deceive themselves Which errour they took up from their reading the thirty sixth book of Pliny who doth not say L. Sylla built that Temple but that he began to make its pavement with small stones of various colours in small figures of which pavement thus wrought some yeers since certain parts were found under ground and therein figured many forrein creatures with their names in greek It may then be rationally believed that L. Sylla being victorious in the civil warrs after he had enforced C. Marius the younger to dye and his other enemies who had saved themselves in Preneste after a long siege took the City killing some part and selling others of the Citizens but repenting afterwards his impietie expressed against the sacred places for expiation of that crime he resolved to restore and embellish anew the Temple profaned and almost wholly destroyed by him It seems a notable advise and observation to me that the strength of the scite of this City hath occasioned its own destruction which hath had a much contrary event in all other strong holds The cause whereof is attributed to the assured confidence of the strength of the place for which cause in the civil warrs the weaker part ordinarily fled thither for safety but their enemies being stronger and more potent immediately layed siege to it so that at the end if they surrendred not themselves the besiegers ruined the poor City whence we read that in the following times of civil discord the Pelestrini that they might not undergoe so great misery as formerly they had done abandoned their City and retired to their dwellings To this day appear there many subterranean waies from the Castle to the foot of the adjacent mountains besides the Caves used as conservatories for water which were made for introducing of assistance or to fly the City occultly into one of which C. Marius the younger having withdrawn himself and perceiving himself to be beseiged on all sides so that he could not fly that he might not living fall into the hands of his enemies agreed with Telesinus to run one against the other with their naked swords so to kill themselves by which means Telesinus was slain but Mvrius remained alive thorugh desperatly wounded and soon after caused one of his Seâ—vants to make an end of his then begun death by killing him From which successes the Inhabitants of the place believe the stones of those subterranean waies to be still reddish with the bloud spilt there which yet is not so for over all those hills are stones red by nature and not through any accident of blood spilt thereon Preneste was first a free City and confederate with the Romans having its own Praetor as Livy and Festus declare calling her Municipal Appianus saies that the Prenestini at the time of the Italian war were made Citizens of Rome with the â—iburtini but some time after L. Sylla victorious as Cicero speaks in Catalines conspiracy having emptied this City by slaughters and banishments and deprived her of inhabitants by the many expulsions slaughters and banishments he made of them there remained so few inhabitants that he sent of the Romans to dwell there dividing its Territory among the new comers and thus made it a Roman Colony Aulus Gellius saies in the third Chapter of his 16. book that afterwards the Prenestini obtained of Tiberius Augustus a restoration to their first state that is into the condition of free Citizens having the form of a Colony wholly amoved from their City TIVOLI WHen arrived at Tivoli first go see those gardens which Hippolitus Estense Cardinal of Ferrara planted with so much cost many yeers since upon the back of the mountain together with a proud Pallace which also is beautifyed with old statues Pictures and royal houshold stuffe even to the emulation of the greatness and magnificence of the Antients But who is able with sufficiency ever to display in words the exquisite delights costs pleasure wherewith this place and palace is plentifully furnished and who shall relate the Labyrinths the Groves the half circles the triumphant Arches the Arches laden with old statues the Caverns of the Nymphs and the innumerable fountains which every where sprout forth waters the close walkes and beautifull arbours covered with trees herbs and tender branches and other like verts Ubertus Folieta of Genoua heretofore described it most gratiously But Corona Pighio cannot satiate himself with praising of it who published descriptions of that Palace and the gardens in Rome stamped from brasse cuts the view whereof in my opinion may draw as many persons to behold it as Rome doth with all its wonders Although we have scarce courage enough yet conformable to that published Table will we cursorily describe it for satisfaction of such as have not had the good fortune to see them or at least their draught in picture First then the Hill is levelled at top and upon the plain thereon is erected the Palace built of square stones with the grandure and magnificence of a Royal palace and with exquisite art and proportion On the right hand whereof lie enclosed gardens called Secreti and therein sixteen great marble Goblets emit clear waters in the midst whereof sits a Janus Quadrifrons with four faces higher raised then those goblets which makes four other fountains adorned like looking glasses and on the right hand a Tennis Court and other sumptuous places for exercise The forefront hath between the windows many old statues of Marble as hath the first Porticue from which lead two fair stone staire-cases up into the palaces Before this Porticue in the midst of a Piazza stands a Leda which Leda was wife of Tyndarus King of Laconia with whom as Poets feign Jupiter accompanying she brought forth two eggs of the one whereof came
Mount Abila on which Hercules placed his so memorable pillars with the inscription Nil ultra because that was then conceived to be the most western bound of the world But Charles the 5th after the discovery of America coming that way caused Plus ultra to be engraven either on the same Pillars or on new erected in their places The Batani called him Monaco The Genovesi Banlio Those of the Terra di Lavoro Surrentino and they of Tivoli called him Tivolesse and Saxanus The Tivolesi were such Friends to Hercules that they called their City Herculea as if the whole were especially consecrated to him and in the palace of Tivoli they honored Hercules just as Jupiter was honored in the Campi doglio at Rome and the heads or chief of the publick Council and of the Priests were called in Tivoli Hercoleani being of great dignity a thing clearly demonstrable by certain inscrip tions and Epitaphs extant in antient marbles whereof ensue some for the service and advantage of the studious in antiquity In the Church of S. VICENZO in TIVOLI Herculi Tiburt Vict. Et. Cereris dis Praet Tiburt L. Minicius Natalis Cos Augur Leg. aug Pr. Pr. Provinciae Moesiae Infer Votis Susc In the ascent of the mountain in a Fragment on the way G. Sestilius V. V. Tiburtium Lib. Ephebus Herculanius Augustalis In the great Church C. Albius Livillae L. Thymelus Herc. Augustalis The tenth Sybil named by the Latines Tibuclina and Albunea by the Graecians Leucothea was held in great honour in Tivoli in old time for they adored her as a Goddess consecrating to her a wood a Temple and a Fountain called after her own name Albunea from the whitenesse of its waters above Tivoli in that mountain where Fame saies she was born and gave answers to demandants of whom Virgil speaks and Servius his Commentator as also Horace with his Interpreters T is reported that the Romans going about to deifie Augustus Caesar demanded advise of this Sybil who after three daies fast standing before the Altar where the Emperor himself was then present after many hidden words miraculoâ—…sly spoken concerning Christ upon the suddain Heaven opened and Caesar saw a beautifull Virgin standing before the Altar who held as lovely an infant in her arms at which apparition Caesar affrighted fell on his face and a voice as from Heaven was heard saying this is the Altar of the Son of God In which place was after built a Temple dedicated to the Virgin Mary called Ara Caeli the Altar of heaven This Policronion affirms and for the truth thereof cites S. Augustine lib 18. cap. 24. She Prophesied of the coming of Christ after the recital of the sea ven wonders of the world to this purpose What at these trifles stands the world amazed And hath on them with admiration gazed Then wonder When the troubled world t' appease He shall descend who made them that made these These things being seen march towards Rome and leaving the Road a little on the left hand bestow a view on the Elia Tiburtina which was the Villa of Hadrianus the Emperor seated on a little hill which now at present shews the countenance of a great ruinated City the footsteps of so vast edifices stupifie the beholders hardly dispensing with any beliefe that it could ever have been but one single Villa or princely seat There may yet be found the ruines of many Palaces Houses Temples Porticues Acqueductâ—… Bathing houses hot baths Theaters Amphitheaters and in sum of all other kind of Fabricks whatsoever imaginable for supream delights and pleasures Among the rest you 'l finde a very high wall drawn long-waies against the South two stades in length which Wall hath alwaies on the one side the shade and on the other the Sun so that t is most comodious for walking by or for any other exercise either in the shade or in the Sun according to the necessity or humour of the person at all times The vast ruines of this Villa speak not alone the immense charge Hadrianus was at in building the same but Spartianus also declares it in the life of Adrian saying that he in that his Villa caused draughts or as we may better say the similitudes of the most celebrious places of the world to be made causing them afterwards to be called after the proper names of the imitated places as among others the Licenm Aristotles School in Athens the Academy of Cicero the Prytaneum or counsel house of Athens the Temple of Thessalia a place wonderfully pleasant having trees and meadowes marvellously delectable wherein birds of divers kinds sing continually with excellent melody the Canopus of Egypt a place wherein the God of that name was worshipped and the like Fabricks made and nominated in imitation of the true He further saies that he there caused to be erected the place or representation of hell all which things were undoubtedly accomodated and adorned with all conveniences and endowments so that one might well comprehend at the first view that which in it self comprehended every one that is Pictures Statues Figures Inscriptions pourtrayes of men wherewith every of those places were illustrated either with some notable writing or heroick action Which ornaments are all ruinated and dispersed part by the rage of warr and part by the incivility of the barbarous people invading Italy who there shewed not the least respect Not long since in the fields of Tivoli were found many figures and statues taken without doubt from this Villa and applied to divers fabricks in the adjacent Countrey many also have been found among the ruines of the said Villa under ground and among others some carcases of men with their names in greek letters as of Themistocles Miltiades Isocrates Heraclitus Carneaâ—…les Aristogiton an orator of Athens who for his lewd behaviour was câ—…lled Dog with others whose tronks or bodies possibly and credibly Pope Julius the third caused to be got together and conveighed to Româ—… for beautifying his gardens being advised of this their accidental coming to hand by Marcellus Cervinus Cardinal of Santa Croce a Lover of the studious the which his Sainctety afterwards put in good order with great expence in the Via Flaminia on the this side the Ponte Milvio Being freed from the ruines of the Villa Elia you travel to Rome by the Via Tiburtina along which appear some antiquities worthy observation and among others on the Banks of the River Aniene is a great 〈◊〉 a grand Fabrick erected for the Scpulehre of the Family of the Plaâ—…i Silvâ—…ni both noble and antient and framed of large square marble stones near the bridge which conjoines on the one and other side of the River the antient Road and is vulgarly called the Ponte Lucano the reason of which name is not facilly known but in some speeches t is called Ponte Plaâ—…to and some suppose that way was set out and the bridge likewise built by those noble and triumphant Plauâ—…it whose names we
find engraven on the said Tomb chiefly for that Suetonius testifies it was the custom by order of Augustus for the victorious Captains to accomodate the Roads with the spoiles taken from the enemies to which he â—…onnexeth this other conjecture that is that in the third elogie of P. Plinius of whose memorial or Epitaph though a part be fallen in his Mauseolus or Tomb yet enough remains to satisfie the studioâ—…s in antiquity we read among other Titles of honour that this was not omitted viz. That by the comand of T. Clâ—…udius Caesaâ—… he was elected by the neighbourhood Prâ—…rator for accomodating the Road or high walâ—…s A DESCRIPTION OF THE ISLAND OF SICILIA OR SICILY Sicilia is an Island of the Mediterranean Sea seated betwixt Italy and Affrick but between the South and West t is separated from Italy by a neck of the sea It s form resembles a â–µ in greek for that it hath three corners every one whereof makes a Promontory which are Peloro Pachino Lilibeo now called Capo del Faro Capo Passero Capo Boco Peloro looks towards Italy Pachino towards Morea and Li libeo toward the Promontory Mercurio of Africk and to speak according to the aspect of the climes Peloro lies Eastward Pachino between South and East Lilibeo between South and West On the North this Island is washed by the Tirrhene Sea on the East by the Adriatique and Jonian Sea on the South by the African Sea and on the West by that of Sardigna It was called Trinacria either from its three Promontories or from the King Trinaco son of Neptune and Triquetra or from the three points of the Triangle and Sirania from the Sirani and after that Sicilia from the Siculi descended from the Liguri who beat out the Sicani It is in circuit as by the moderns is judged setting aside the diversities of the antients six hundred twenty three miles from Peloro to Pachino one hundred and sixty miles from thence to Lilibeo 183 miles from Lilibeo to Peloro 211. It s length from East to west is 150 miles but its bredth is not equal though on the Eastern part t is 160 miles broad diminishing afterwards in bredth by degrees being most straite at Lilibeo The head of all the Island is the Territory Ennese It hath on the north side ten Islands which lie round it the Antients numbred but 7 whose names are Liparce Vulcania or Giera Vulcanello Lisca-bianca Basiluzo Thermisia Trongile Didima Fenicusa and Ericusa Sicilia is divided into three provinces which they call Valli or Vales that is into the Val di Demino or Demona the Val de Noto and the Val di Mazara the Val di Demino commenceth from the Promontory Peloro and is the shore on one side to the River Terria and on the other to the River Himera which dischargeth it self into the Tirrhene Sea The Val di Noâ—…o begins at the River Teria and with it extending it self inwards and traversing Enna it descends with the river Gela and ends at the City of Alicata But the Val di Mazara comprehends all the remaining part of Sicily to Lilibeo This Island was some time conjoined to Italy whereof the modern authors as well as antient render a large testimony though there are some who take it for a ridiculous opinion It is esteemed for the salubrity of the Ayre the abundance of terrene sustenance and plenty of all things necessarie for mans use very excellent as placed under the fourth Climate much more benigne then all the others whence t is that what ever this soyle of Sicily affords either by its own nature or the Ingenuity of man is accounted next to those which are cryed up for the best It produceth corn in such abundance that in many places it yields 100 for one Wilde Oats grow there of themselves as also the Vines which gave occasion for the Fable of Ceres Proserpina Their wines are most delicate as is the oyle of Olives whereof they make great quantities Their Canes too are admirable called Ebosia heretofore now Cannamele whereof they make Sugars Their Bee hony is there so good that by the antients as a proverb t was used the Hyblean hony of Sicily which affords great store of wax the Bees using the very tronks of trees for their hives there gathering excellent honey Their fruits of all sorts grow with much plenty and goodnesse they gather all sorts of Plants and medicinal herbs and their saffron is better then that of Italy as are their roots of wilde palm trees which are gustfull to eat The mountains AEri are so plentifully furnished with sweet waters fountains fruitfull and pleasant trees that they have many times preserved a great Army of the Carthaginians when near famishing Other mountains produce salt as Enna Nicosia Camerata and Platanim where they take out salt stones There also are the Caves or Pits for salt made of the Foam of the Sea resting upon the coâ—…sts but neare I ilibeo Dâ—…epano Camarino Macanio and other places they take up the sea water put it into pits and thereof make salt They also draw salt out of other parts of Sicily from the Lakes as near Pochino a wonderfull thing what by the rain and fresh waters falling from other fountains the Lake may be increased in a little time is dryed away by the Sun They also make here great plenty of that silk which they draw from their silk worms Nor is Sicilia lesse enriched by her Metals and Mines having Minerals of Gold Silver Iron Allum and on the banks of the River Acate grow pretious stones as the Emerald and Agat stone and the clear Bartina which is whiâ—…e in circuit and black spots in the midst and in forms of several Creatures as birds beasts men or any other which they say is an Antidote against the biting of the spider or Scorpion Soâ—…nus saies too that t will make the Rivers stop and that Pirrhus had one stone of this sort in a ring wherein was engraven Apollo with his Scepter and the Chorus of the nine Muses with their Ensigne at Graterio they dig the Beril or Sea water stone in great plenty and Porphiry stone red and traversed with white and green stroaks Here also they take up the jasper stone being red and varied with several clear green and white spots which ennobles the stone And in the sea of Messina and of Drepano there growes Corrals a sort of sea Plant much commended and sought after Sicilia is likewise Famed for the Chase of the Goat and wilde Bore for the fowling at Partridge and God wit And all other sorts of Birds and four-footed beasts both for delight and profit are there in great plenty beside the Falcon and other Hawks which there are taken The Fishing also is greatly abounding particularly for the Fish called Tunâ—…y Fish whereof they take not only at Pachino as the Antients wrote but also at Palermo and Drepano and in all the River which is washed with the Tyrrhene
possession of that Kingdom with divers fortunes till at length the Arragonians were wholly driven out of the Kingdome of Naples by Charls the VIII But the Arragonians at last regained the possession by the prowesse of Consalvo Ferrando the great Captain who drove out the French for Ferrando the Catholick King of Spain from whom the Kingdomes of Sicilia and Naples passed by an hereditary succession to Charles the 5th Emperor and from him it descended to Philip the second who left it to his Son Philip the third Catholick King who now injoyes them in quiet possession A Description of the Island of MALTA BEtween Sicilia and the River of the one and t'other shore of Barbary are fixed the two Islands Melita or Malta and Gaulo or Gozo the one distant from the other five miles but eloigned from Pachino or Capo Passero a Promontory of Sicilia which they look towards one hundred miles and from Africa one hundred and ninety miles Malta is 60. miles in circumference being all as it were a plain though somewhat Rocky and exposed to the windes it hath many and secure Ports but towards the North t is wholly deprived of fresh waters but on the western parts are excellent Currance and it produceth most fruitfull trees Where t is broadest t is 12 miles over and in the longest part 20 miles and in all those seas is there not one Island so great distance from the firm Land as this is In more then six places towards Sicilia t is hollowed and hath Ports as it were formed by the Sea of Sicilia for receipt of its Pyrates or Rovers on the Sea but towards Tripolis t is all full of Cliffes and Rocks affording no mannor of Harbour T is called Melita in Latine from the Bees which in Greek are called Melitte for that the abundance and goodnesse of Flowers causeth in this Isle the production of the most excellent hony but of late by corruption of the word we call it Malta At its first habituation it yielded obedience to King Battus famous for his riches and for the friendship and hospitality of Dido whence afterwards it obeyed the Carthaginians Whereof the many Collumnes placed up and down the Countrey engraven with antient Carthaginian Characters farr different from the Hebrean give sufficient testimony But at the same time when Sicilia was reduced to the Romans it also rendered it self and was therefore governed by the same Laws and the same Praetor as Sicilia was Wherewith also coming afterwards into the power of the Saracens it finally with Gozo in the yeer 1090. was possessed by Ruggieri Normanno Count of Sicilia till at length it obeyed the Christian Princes The Ayr over all the Island is most healthfull but chiefly to them that inure themselves to it It hath Fountains and Orchards copiously replenished with Date Trees and its soyle every where produceth plentifully all sorts of Grain and Corn Flax Cotton Wool Cummin seeds and abundance of Roses eminently sweet favoured here also they have a kind of little neat white Dogs which from their long hair we call shocks of much delight to the people The Earth is sowed all the year with little husbandry and they reap two harvests and the trees likewise bear fruit twice in the yeer In the winter every thing is green and flourisheth and in the summer is burnt up with heat howbeit a certain Dew falls which exceedingly nourisheth the Corn. At the head of a long and strait point almost opposite to the Capo Passero or Pachino in Sicilia is erected the Fortezza of Sant Ermo but on the right hand towards Sicilia are some other points and between them and Sant Ermo is a Channel of water upon one of which points is the Castle Sant Angelo and the other the Fortezza of San Michael with their Bourges between the one and the other of which lie the shipâ—… Galleys in a Channel which is locked at the utmost points with a vast Iron Chain Eight miles off which place up the Land stands the City called Malta famoused by the Reliques of very noble Edifices and by the antient dignity of a Bishoprick This Isle hath a Prâ—…montory whereon was built a most antient and noble Temple dedicated to Juno and held in great reverence and another on the South to Hercules whereof at this day huge ruines appear at the Port Euro The men of this Island are brown complexioned and their genius more approaches that of the Sicilians then any other The women are beautifull enough but fly company goe obscured abroad are kept close at home yet following the same manner of life as the Sicilians and speaking a language more like and near the Carthaginian then any other language The people are generally religious and particularly pay a great devotion to Saint Paul to whom this Island is dedicated for that here he by chance fell into the Sea and was here entertained with great humanity and on that shore where he fell in is built a venerable Chapel for their respect to whom they believe no noysome nor venemous Creature can grow or live on this Island And from the Grotto where that Saint stood are stones by many plucked away and carryed through Italy called the Gratia of Saint Paul to healthe bitings of Scorpions and Serpents In our Age this Island had and hath great splendour for its Devotion and the religious order of the Knights of Sant Giovanni or John of Jerusalem the which having lost Rhodes taken from them in the yeer 1522. by Soliman the magnificent the great Tnrk had this Island given them by Charles the 5th Emperour where they have built the aforenamed Castles and Forts that they may there reside with perpetual security In the yeer 1565. they valiantly defended the same against a most potent Armada which the same Soliman sent thither to conquer the Island and to drive out those Knights which in time to come will not contribute lesse glory to Malta then that which they reaped in times past from the general Council which under Pope Innocent the first was there celebrated by 214. Bishops against Pelagius the Heretike among others there met Saint Austine and Sylvano Bishop of Malta Soliman sent to this Attempt an Armada a Fleet of 200 sayls under the command oâ—… Piali Bassa General of the Sea a man both valiant and judicious and of Mustapha the Bassa General of the Land a man very crafty and much experienc't in warlike affairs who having disembarked and landed their Army on the 18. of May besieged and battered the Castle Sant Ermo and after many contests and attempts having beat down that wall flat to the Earth on the 23d of June became Masters of the Fort and put all the defendors to the Sword and cut them to pieces There dyed then on the Turks part Dragut â—…ais the famous Pyrat being wounded under the ear by the blow of a stone Then they turned their force upon the two other Fortezza's of Sant Michael and Saint Angelo They planted a fierce battery against San Michael which levelled the walls with the bank of the Fosse or Ditch by their falling therein but in many and many assaults which they gave to the Castle they were alwaies valiantly repelled by the Horse Giovanni Valetta a French man the then great Master a man of singular valour and prudence not failing in any thing of conduct or necessary provision that might merit the esteem of an excellent Commander At last Don Garcia de Toledo having selected sixty of the most nimble and polite galleys out of those of the King of Spain and furnished them with nine thousand six hundred Souldiers between Spaniards and Italians advanced to land them securely on the Island Which the Turks understanding forthwith imbarqued their Artillery and advanced with 8000 Souldiers to view the Christian Army who fell upon them with such ardour and fury that they immediately most basely run away and got into their Galleys leaving 1800 dead having killed but only four on the Christians side And in this manner were the Turks constrained to abandon the Island to their â—…oul shame and confusion and the great honour of Almighty God whose hand strengthning this small number clearly demonstrated that by his favour the valour of a few can oppose the violence of many VERSES composed on the Cities of ITALY translated out of the ITALIAN FOR Pompe and Pietie old Rome is fam'd Venice is rich the Sage and Lordly nam'd Naples is noble and of pleasant air Florence through all the world reputed fair Milan doth of her Grandeur justly boast Bologna'sâ—…att â—…att Ferrara civil most Padoua Learned subtile Bergamo And Genoua's Pride her stately buildings show Worthy Verona bloudy Perugia Brescia well-armed and glorious Mantoua Rimini good Pistâ—…ia barbarous Babling Siena Lucca industrious Forli phantastick kind Ravenna's styld Singalia with nauseous air is fill'd Pisa is pendent 〈◊〉 Capua Pesaro flowry and as all men say Ancona far from a good Poâ—…t doth sâ—…ray Urbin in her fidelity is strong Ascoli round and Recanate long Foligno's candied streets most pleasant are The Ladies of Fano so smooth and fair That said they are from Heaven sent to be But Modena more happy is then shee FINIS 1199. Sholes Muran St. Georgio Zuecca Lizafusina Edmond Walâ—…er Espuire Polverara Adria Euganei Monselice Estè Lendinrâ—… Rovigo Peredeo Campo Martio St. Michael Monte forte Scala Sanzen Peschiero Desensano Paltena Pulicella Bardolino Gardo Caldo. Sirmione Domo Santa Juliia Lonato Asola Oglio Reato Valcamonica Isseo Brenna Troppia Cardone Del Sole Caravaggio Cassina Soncino Crema Lodi Malpaga Vale Serina Brombana San Martino Calepio Chiusontio Manca Como Como Bersalina Belasio Monza Somasca Martosana Ro Angiera Novarra Mortara Valese Adda Pusterlengo St. Antonio Bobio Arquato Fidenti St. Donnino Colorno Bergo Bardo Aquario Vignola Carpi Panaro Novantola Agata Forcelli Râ—…ssi Colossina Panico Vergata Bâ—…aghi Porretta Poggio Bâ—…trio Rièardina Guelfo Quaterna San Pietro Dozza Pianora Scarao Scarperia Pratolinâ—… Fiesole Mugello Lucca Poggibonzi Mount Olivet Radicofano Pienza Chiuse Monte Pulciano Grossetto Bolsena Tevere Soana Castro Orbello Tuscanello Cornetto Horti Viterbo Canepina Lagâ—… Vico Sutri Cività Rofolo Cremera Piadena Gazuolo St. Benedict Stapylton 33 feet denote yeers 6 fin gers 6 months