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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
water_n call_v earth_n sea_n 3,957 5 6.9260 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A61244 Mathematical collections and translations ... by Thomas Salusbury, Esq. Salusbury, Thomas. 1661 (1661) Wing S517; ESTC R19153 646,791 680

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then_o to_o egypt_n greece_n france_n spain_n america_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a hold_v in_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n which_o self_n same_o effect_n fall_v out_o exact_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n if_o without_o trouble_v so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v make_v to_o revolve_v in_o itself_o earth_n but_o we_o will_v augment_v the_o difficulty_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o this_o other_o which_o be_v a_o very_a great_a one_o namely_o that_o if_o you_o will_v ascribe_v this_o great_a motion_n to_o heaven_n you_o must_v of_o necessity_n make_v it_o contrary_a to_o the_o particular_a motion_n of_o all_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o planet_n each_o of_o which_o without_o controversy_n have_v its_o peculiar_a motion_n from_o the_o west_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o this_o but_o very_o easy_a and_o moderate_a and_o then_o you_o make_v they_o to_o be_v hurry_v to_o the_o contrary_a part_n i._n e._n from_o 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tell_v you_o that_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o moon_n that_o secondary_a light_n which_o i_o tell_v you_o come_v to_o she_o from_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o be_v notable_o more_o clear_a two_o or_o three_o day_n before_o the_o conjunction_n after_o than_o after_o that_o be_v when_o we_o see_v it_o before_o break_v of_o day_n in_o the_o east_n than_o when_o it_o be_v see_v at_o night_n after_o sunset_n in_o the_o west_n of_o which_o difference_n the_o cause_n be_v that_o the_o terrestrial_a hemisphere_n which_o look_v towards_o the_o eastern_a moon_n have_v little_a sea_n and_o much_o land_n to_o wit_n all_o asia_n whereas_o when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o west_n it_o behold_v very_o great_a sea_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a atlantic_a ocean_n as_o far_o as_o america_n a_o argument_n sufficient_o probable_a that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n appear_v less_o splendid_a than_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n simpl._n so_o that_o perhaps_o you_o believe_v 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not_o of_o therefore_o i_o dare_v not_o affirm_v the_o moon_n to_o consist_v of_o one_o thing_n more_o than_o another_o it_o have_v be_v see_v already_o that_o a_o silver_n plate_n boil_v be_v touch_v with_o the_o burnisher_n become_v of_o white_a obscure_a that_o the_o moist_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n show_v more_o obscure_a than_o the_o dry_a that_o in_o the_o top_n of_o hill_n the_o woody_a part_n appear_v more_o gloomy_a than_o the_o naked_a and_o barren_a which_o happen_v because_o there_o fall_v very_o much_o shadow_n among_o the_o tree_n but_o the_o open_a place_n be_v illuminate_v all_o over_o by_o the_o sun_n and_o this_o mixtion_n of_o shadow_n have_v such_o operation_n that_o in_o tuft_a velvet_n the_o silk_n which_o be_v cut_v be_v of_o a_o far_o dark_a colour_n than_o that_o which_o be_v not_o cut_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o shadow_n diffuse_v betwixt_o thread_n and_o thread_n and_o a_o plain_a velvet_n show_v much_o black_a than_o a_o taffeta_n make_v of_o the_o same_o 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which_o be_v many_o because_o i_o know_v that_o of_o one_o single_a effect_n there_o be_v but_o one_o single_a cause_n that_o be_v true_a and_o primary_n i_o understand_v very_o well_o and_o be_o certain_a that_o but_o one_o alone_a at_o the_o most_o can_v be_v true_a and_o for_o all_o the_o rest_n i_o be_o sure_a that_o they_o be_v fabulous_a and_o false_a and_o its_o possible_a that_o the_o true_a one_o may_v not_o be_v among_o those_o that_o have_v be_v hitherto_o produce_v nay_o i_o very_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o for_o it_o will_v be_v very_o strange_a that_o the_o truth_n shall_v have_v so_o little_a light_n falsehood_n as_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v visible_a among_o the_o umbrage_n of_o so_o many_o falsehood_n but_o this_o i_o shall_v say_v with_o the_o liberty_n that_o be_v permit_v among_o we_o that_o the_o introduction_n of_o the_o earth_n motion_n and_o the_o make_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o tide_n seem_v to_o i_o as_o yet_o a_o 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make_v a_o immense_a mass_n of_o water_n go_v forward_o and_o backward_o in_o one_o place_n more_o swift_o and_o in_o another_o less_o and_o to_o rise_v and_o fall_v in_o some_o place_n more_o in_o some_o less_o and_o in_o some_o not_o at_o all_o and_o to_o work_v all_o these_o different_a effect_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o vessel_n that_o contain_v it_o beside_o that_o these_o be_v several_a miracle_n and_o that_o be_v but_o one_o only_a and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o the_o miracle_n of_o make_v the_o water_n to_o move_v be_v accompany_v with_o another_o namely_o the_o hold_v of_o the_o earth_n steadfast_a against_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o water_n able_a to_o make_v it_o assuage_v sometime_o one_o way_n and_o sometime_o another_o if_o it_o be_v not_o miraculous_o keep_v to_o right_n sagr._fw-la god_n simplicius_n let_v we_o for_o the_o present_a suspend_v our_o judgement_n about_o sentence_v the_o new_a opinion_n to_o be_v vain_a that_o salviatus_n be_v about_o to_o 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be_v move_v and_o not_o the_o earth_n as_o namely_o because_o the_o sun_n appear_v small_a and_o the_o earth_n big_a again_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o discern_v by_o the_o eye_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o seem_a tardity_n but_o by_o ratiocination_n only_o in_o that_o after_o some_o time_n it_o vary_v not_o its_o proximity_n to_o such_o and_o such_o mountain_n therefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o reason_n unless_o it_o be_v first_o instruct_v shall_v frame_v to_o itself_o any_o other_o apprehension_n than_o that_o the_o earth_n with_o heaven_n arch_n place_v over_o it_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o great_a house_n in_o which_o be_v immovable_a the_o sun_n like_o a_o bird_n fly_v in_o the_o air_n pass_v in_o so_o small_a a_o species_n out_o of_o one_o climate_n into_o another_o which_o imagination_n of_o all_o mankind_n be_v thus_o give_v the_o first_o line_n in_o the_o sacred_a leave_n in_o the_o beginning_n say_v moses_n god_n create_v the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n 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up_o after_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o water_n do_v swim_v between_o the_o grand_a ocean_n and_o float_v about_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v it_o strange_a that_o the_o expression_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o where_o the_o israelite_n sing_v 1._o that_o they_o sit_v on_o the_o river_n of_o babylon_n that_o be_v by_o the_o river_n side_n or_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o euphrates_n and_o tigris_n if_o any_o one_o receive_v this_o read_n without_o scruple_n why_o not_o the_o other_o that_o so_o in_o those_o same_o text_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v allege_v against_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o may_v in_o like_a manner_n turn_v our_o eye_n from_o natural_a philosophy_n to_o the_o scope_n and_o intent_n of_o scripture_n one_o generation_n pass_v away_o say_v ecclesiastes_n and_o another_o generation_n come_v but_o the_o earth_n abide_v for_o ever_o 9_o as_o if_o solomon_n do_v here_o dispute_v with_o astronomer_n and_o not_o rather_o put_v man_n in_o mind_n of_o their_o mutability_n whenas_o the_o earth_n mankind_n habitation_n do_v always_o remain_v the_o same_o the_o sun_n motion_n do_v continual_o return_v into_o what_o it_o be_v at_o first_o the_o wind_n be_v act_v in_o a_o circle_n and_o return_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o river_n flow_v from_o their_o fountain_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o return_v again_o from_o thence_o unto_o their_o fountain_n to_o conclude_v the_o man_n of_o this_o age_n die_v other_o be_v bear_v in_o their_o room_n the_o fable_n of_o life_n be_v ever_o the_o same_o there_o be_v nothing_o new_a under_o the_o sun_n here_o be_v no_o reference_n to_o any_o physical_a opinion_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v moral_a of_o a_o thing_n in_o itself_o manifest_a and_o see_v by_o the_o eye_n of_o all_o but_o little_o regard_v it_o be_v that_o therefore_o which_o solomon_n do_v inculcate_v for_o who_o know_v not_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v always_o the_o same_o who_o see_v not_o that_o the_o sun_n dotharise_v from_o the_o east_n that_o the_o river_n continual_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o vicissitude_n of_o the_o wind_n return_v into_o their_o primitive_a state_n that_o some_o man_n succeed_v other_o but_o who_o consider_v that_o the_o selfsame_a scene_n of_o life_n be_v ever_o act_v by_o different_a person_n and_o that_o nothing_o be_v new_a in_o humane_a affair_n therefore_o solomon_n instance_v in_o those_o thing_n which_o all_o man_n see_v do_v put_v man_n in_o mind_n of_o that_o which_o many_o thorough_o know_v but_o too_o slight_o consider_v but_o the_o 104._o psalm_n be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o contain_v a_o discourse_n altogether_o physical_a in_o regard_n it_o only_o concern_v natural_a philosophy_n now_o god_n be_v there_o say_v 5._o to_o have_v lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v remove_v for_o ever_o but_o here_o also_o the_o psalmist_n be_v far_o from_o the_o speculation_n of_o physical_a cause_n for_o he_o do_v whole_o acquiesce_v in_o the_o greatness_n of_o god_n who_o do_v all_o these_o thing_n and_o sing_v a_o hymn_n to_o god_n the_o maker_n of_o they_o in_o which_o he_o run_v over_o the_o world_n in_o order_n as_o it_o appear_v to_o his_o eye_n and_o if_o you_o well_o consider_v this_o psalm_n it_o be_v a_o paraphrase_n upon_o the_o six_o day_n work_n of_o the_o creation_n for_o as_o in_o it_o the_o three_o first_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o the_o separation_n of_o region_n the_o first_o of_o light_n from_o the_o exterior_a darkness_n the_o second_o of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o water_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o firmament_n the_o three_o of_o the_o sea_n from_o land_n when_o also_o the_o earth_n be_v clothe_v with_o herbage_n and_o plant_n and_o the_o three_o last_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o the_o fill_v the_o region_n thus_o distinguish_v the_o four_o of_o heaven_n the_o five_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o air_n the_o six_o of_o the_o earth_n so_o here_o in_o this_o psalm_n there_o be_v so_o many_o distinct_a part_n proportionable_a to_o the_o analogy_n of_o the_o six_o day_n work_n for_o in_o verse_n 2._o he_o clothes_n and_o cover_v the_o creator_n with_o light_n the_o first_o of_o creature_n and_o work_v of_o the_o first_o day_n as_o with_o a_o garment_n the_o second_o part_n begin_v at_o verse_n 3._o and_o treat_v of_o the_o water_n above_o the_o heaven_n the_o extent_n of_o heaven_n and_o of_o meteor_n which_o the_o psalmist_n seem_v to_o intend_v by_o the_o water_n above_o as_o namely_o of_o cloud_n wind_n whirlwind_n lightning_n the_o three_o part_n begin_v at_o verse_n 6._o and_o do_v celebrate_v the_o earth_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o he_o here_o consider_v for_o he_o refer_v all_o thing_n to_o the_o earth_n and_o to_o those_o animal_n which_o inhabit_v it_o for_o that_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o sight_n the_o two_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v heaven_n and_o earth_n he_o therefore_o here_o observe_v that_o the_o earth_n after_o so_o many_o age_n have_v not_o falter_v tire_v or_o decay_v when_o as_o notwithstanding_o no_o man_n have_v yet_o discover_v upon_o what_o it_o be_v found_v he_o go_v not_o about_o to_o teach_v man_n what_o they_o do_v not_o know_v but_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o what_o they_o neglect_v to_o wit_n the_o greatness_n and_o power_n of_o god_n in_o create_v so_o huge_a a_o mass_n so_o firm_a and_o steadfast_a if_o a_o astronomer_n shall_v teach_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v among_o the_o planet_n he_o overthrow_v not_o what_o the_o psalmist_n here_o say_v nor_o do_v he_o contradict_v common_a experience_n for_o it_o be_v true_a notwithstanding_o that_o the_o earth_n the_o structure_n of_o god_n its_o architect_n do_v not_o decay_v as_o our_o building_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v
ferara_n yet_o nevertheless_o from_o this_o particular_a doctrine_n well_o understand_v good_a judgement_n may_v be_v make_v of_o other_o the_o like_a case_n in_o general_n i_o say_v then_o for_o great_a perspecuity_n and_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o whole_a that_o about_o thirteen_o mile_n above_o ferara_n near_o to_o stellata_fw-la the_o main_a of_o po_n branch_a itself_o into_o two_o part_n with_o one_o of_o its_o arm_n it_o come_v close_o to_o ferara_n retain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n and_o here_o again_o it_o divide_v itself_o into_o two_o other_o branch_n and_o that_o which_o continue_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v call_v the_o po_n of_o argenta_n and_o of_o primaro_n and_o that_o on_o the_o leave_v the_o po_n of_o volana_n but_o for_o that_o the_o bed_n of_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n be_v heretofore_o augment_v and_o raise_v it_o follow_v that_o it_o rest_v whole_o deprive_v of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o great_a po_n except_o in_o the_o time_n of_o its_o great_a swell_n for_o in_o that_o case_n this_o po_n of_o ferara_n be_v restrain_v with_o a_o bank_n near_o to_o bondeno_n will_v come_v also_o in_o the_o overflowing_n of_o the_o main_a po_n to_o be_v free_a from_o its_o water_n but_o the_o lord_n of_o ferara_n be_v wont_n at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o po_n threaten_v to_o break_v out_o to_o cut_v the_o bank_n by_o which_o cut_v there_o disgorge_v such_o a_o torrent_n of_o water_n that_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o main_a po_n in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o few_o hour_n abate_v near_o a_o foot_n and_o all_o person_n that_o i_o have_v speak_v with_o hitherto_o move_v by_o this_o experiment_n think_v that_o it_o be_v of_o great_a profit_n and_o benefit_n to_o keep_v ready_a this_o vent_n and_o to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o its_o fullness_n and_o indeed_o the_o thing_n consider_v simple_o and_o at_o the_o first_o appearance_n it_o seem_v that_o none_o can_v think_v otherwise_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o many_o examine_v the_o matter_n narrow_o measure_v that_o body_n of_o water_n which_o run_v by_o the_o channel_n or_o bed_n of_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n and_o make_v account_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o great_a po_n be_v diminish_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o water_n which_o run_v by_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n but_o if_o we_o well_o remember_v what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o treatise_n and_o how_o much_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o say_a water_n import_v and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v necessary_a to_o conclude_v the_o true_a quantity_n of_o the_o run_a water_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o manifest_v that_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o vent_n be_v far_o less_o than_o it_o be_v general_o think_v and_o mereover_o we_o shall_v find_v if_o i_o deceive_v not_o myself_o that_o there_o follow_v from_o thence_o so_o many_o mischief_n that_o i_o can_v great_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v more_o to_o the_o purpose_n whole_o to_o stop_v it_o up_o than_o to_o maintain_v it_o open_a yet_o i_o be_o not_o so_o wed_v to_o my_o opinion_n but_o that_o i_o be_o ready_a to_o change_v my_o judgement_n upon_o strength_n of_o better_a reason_n especial_o of_o one_o that_o shall_v have_v first_o well_o understand_v the_o beginning_n of_o this_o my_o discourse_n which_o i_o frequent_o inculcate_v because_o it_o be_v absolute_o impossible_a without_o this_o advertisement_n to_o treat_v of_o these_o matter_n and_o not_o commit_v very_o great_a error_n i_o propose_v therefore_o to_o consideration_n that_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o whilst_o the_o water_n of_o the_o main_a po_n be_v at_o its_o great_a height_n the_o bank_n and_o dam_n then_o cut_v of_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n and_o the_o superior_a water_n have_v a_o very_a great_a fall_n into_o the_o channel_n of_o ferara_n they_o precipitate_v into_o the_o same_o with_o great_a violence_n and_o velocity_n and_o with_o the_o same_o in_o the_o beginning_n or_o little_o less_o they_o run_v towards_o the_o po_n of_o volana_n and_o of_o argenta_n on_o the_o sea_n coast_n yet_o after_o the_o space_n of_o some_o few_o hour_n the_o po_n of_o ferara_n be_v full_a and_o the_o superior_a water_n not_o find_v so_o great_a a_o diclivity_n there_o as_o they_o have_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o cut_n they_o fall_v not_o into_o the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a velocity_n but_o with_o far_o less_o and_o thereby_o a_o great_a deal_n less_o water_n begin_v to_o issue_v from_o the_o great_a po_n and_o if_o we_o diligent_o compare_v the_o velocity_n at_o the_o first_o cut_v with_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n after_o the_o cut_v make_v and_o when_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n shall_v be_v full_a of_o water_n we_o shall_v find_v perhaps_o that_o to_o be_v fifteen_o or_o twenty_o time_n great_a than_o this_o and_o consequent_o the_o water_n which_o issue_v from_o the_o great_a po_n that_o first_o impetuosity_n be_v past_a shall_v be_v only_o the_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o part_n of_o that_o which_o issue_v at_o the_o beginning_n and_o therefore_o the_o water_n of_o the_o main_a po_n will_v return_v in_o a_o small_a time_n almost_o to_o the_o first_o height_n and_o here_o i_o will_v pray_v those_o who_o rest_v not_o whole_o satisfy_v with_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o for_o the_o love_n of_o truth_n and_o the_o common_a good_a they_o will_v please_v to_o make_v diligent_a observation_n whether_o in_o the_o time_n of_o great_a flood_n the_o say_a bank_n or_o dam_n at_o bondeno_n be_v cut_v and_o that_o in_o few_o hour_n the_o main_a po_n diminish_v as_o have_v be_v say_v about_o a_o foot_n in_o its_o height_n that_o they_o will_v observe_v i_o say_v whether_o a_o day_n or_o two_o be_v past_a the_o water_n of_o the_o main_a po_n return_v almost_o to_o their_o first_o height_n for_o if_o this_o shall_v follow_v it_o will_v be_v very_o clear_a that_o the_o benefit_n which_o result_v from_o this_o diversion_n or_o vent_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o be_v universal_o presume_v i_o say_v it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o be_v presume_v because_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v for_o true_a that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o main_a po_n abate_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o vent_n yet_o this_o benefit_n happen_v to_o be_v but_o temporary_a and_o for_o a_o few_o hour_n if_o the_o rise_n of_o po_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o break_v forth_o be_v of_o short_a duration_n as_o it_o ordinary_o befall_v in_o the_o overflowing_n of_o torrent_n in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o profit_n of_o the_o vent_n will_v be_v of_o some_o esteem_n but_o because_o the_o swell_n of_o po_n continue_v for_o thirty_o or_o sometime_o for_o forty_o day_n therefore_o the_o gain_n which_o result_v from_o the_o vent_n prove_v to_o be_v inconsiderable_a it_o remain_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o notable_a harm_n which_o follow_v the_o say_a sluice_n or_o vent_n that_o so_o reflection_n be_v make_v and_o the_o profit_n and_o the_o detriment_n compare_v one_o may_v right_o judge_v and_o choose_v that_o which_o shall_v be_v most_o convenient_a the_o first_o prejudice_n therefore_o which_o arise_v from_o this_o vent_n or_o sluice_n be_v that_o the_o channel_n of_o ferara_n primaro_n and_o volana_n fill_v with_o water_n all_o those_o part_n from_o bondeno_n to_o the_o sea_n side_n be_v alarm_v and_o endanger_v thereby_o second_o the_o water_n of_o the_o po_n of_o primaro_n have_v free_a ingress_n into_o the_o upper_a valley_n they_o fill_v they_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o field_n adjacent_a and_o obstruct_v the_o course_n of_o the_o ordinary_a trench_n in_o the_o same_o valley_n insomuch_o that_o all_o the_o care_n cost_n and_o labour_n about_o the_o drain_n and_o free_v the_o upper_a valley_n from_o water_n will_v also_o become_v vain_a and_o ineffectual_a three_o i_o consider_v that_o these_o water_n of_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n be_v pass_v downward_o towards_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o time_n that_o the_o main_a po_n be_v in_o its_o great_a excrescence_n and_o height_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n that_o when_o the_o great_a po_n diminish_v than_o these_o water_n pass_v by_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n begin_v to_o retard_v in_o their_o course_n and_o final_o come_v to_o turn_v the_o current_n upward_o towards_o stellata_fw-la rest_v first_o in_o the_o intermediate_v time_n almost_o fix_v and_o stand_v and_o therefore_o depose_v the_o muddinesse_n they_o fill_v up_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n or_o current_n of_o ferara_n four_o and_o last_o there_o follow_v from_o this_o same_o diversion_n another_o notable_a damage_n and_o it_o be_v like_a to_o that_o which_o follow_v the_o breach_n make_v by_o river_n near_o to_o which_o breach_n
by_o the_o addition_n of_o new_a water_n to_o that_o which_o it_o discharge_v after_o the_o increase_n be_v make_v proposition_n iu._n theor._n ii_o 54_o proportion_n of_o a_o river_n when_o high●●_n to_o itself_o when_o low_o coral_n i._o 55_o q_o quantity_n of_o run_v water_n be_v never_o certain_a if_o with_o the_o vulgar_a way_n of_o measure_v they_o their_o velocity_n be_v not_o consider_v 32_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o be_v discharge_v by_o a_o river_n answer_v in_o equality_n to_o the_o velocity_n and_o time_n in_o which_o they_o be_v discharge_v axiom_n i_o two_o iii_o 38_o quick-height_n of_o a_o river_n what_o it_o be_v definition_n v._n 48_o r_o reason_n of_o the_o proverb_n take_v heed_n of_o the_o still_a water_n coral_n vi_o 7_o reason_n of_o monsignore_n corsini_n against_o the_o diversion_n of_o reno_n into_o the_o po_n of_o volano_n 105_o reason_n of_o cardinal_n capponi_n and_o monsig_n corsini_n for_o the_o turn_n of_o reno_n into_o main_n po._n 106_o two_o objection_n on_o the_o contrary_a and_o answer_n to_o they_o 104_o &_o 105_o what_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o height_n of_o reno_n in_o reno_n and_o of_o reno_n in_o po._n 110_o regulator_n what_o it_o be_v definition_n iu_o 48_o relation_n of_o the_o water_n of_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n by_o monsignore_n corsini_n 100_o reno_n in_o the_o valley_n and_o its_o bad_a effect_n 100_o 101_o two_o way_n to_o divert_v it_o 103_o the_o facility_n and_o utility_n of_o those_o way_n ibid._n the_o difficulty_n object_v 104_o reply_n to_o bartolotti_n touch_v the_o danger_n of_o turn_a eiume_n morto_n into_o serchio_n 83_o retardment_n of_o the_o course_n of_o a_o river_n cause_v by_o its_o bank_n appendix_n vii_o 19_o rise_n make_v by_o floodgate_n but_o small_a appendix_n xiii_o 26_o river_n that_o be_v shallow_a swell_v much_o upon_o small_a shower_n such_o as_o be_v deep_o rise_v but_o little_a upon_o great_a flood_n corollary_n iii_o 6_o river_n the_o high_o they_o be_v the_o swift_a ibid._n rivers_z the_o high_o they_o be_v the_o less_o they_o increase_v upon_o flood_n 49_o river_n when_o they_o be_v to_o have_v equal_a and_o when_o like_a velocity_n ibid._n river_n in_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n form_n a_o shelf_n of_o sand_n call_v cavallo_n 65_o five_o river_n to_o be_v divert_v from_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n and_o the_o inconvenience_n that_o will_v ensue_v thereupon_o 74_o 75_o a_o river_n of_o quick-height_n and_o velocity_n in_o its_o regulator_n be_v give_v if_o the_o height_n be_v redouble_v by_o new_a water_n it_o redouble_v also_o in_o velocity_n proposition_n ii_o theorem_fw-la i_o 51_o keep_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o height_n to_o the_o velocity_n corollary_n 52_o saint_n sand_n and_o mud_n that_o enter_v into_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n and_o the_o way_n to_o examine_v it_o 76_o sea_n agitate_a and_o drive_v by_o the_o wind_n stop_v up_o the_o port_n 64_o 65_o section_n of_o a_o river_n what_o they_o be_v definition_n i._n 37_o section_n equal_o swift_a what_o they_o be_v definition_n ii_o ibid._n section_n of_o a_o river_n be_v give_v to_o conceive_v other_o equal_v to_o they_o of_o different_a breadth_n height_n and_o velocity_n petition_n 38_o section_n of_o the_o same_o river_n and_o their_o proportion_n to_o their_o velocity_n coral_n i._o 42_o section_n of_o a_o river_n discharge_v in_o any_o whatsoever_o place_n of_o the_o say_a river_n equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n proposition_n i._n 39_o sile_z river_n what_o mischief_n it_o threaten_v divert_v from_o the_o lake_n 74_o spirting_n of_o water_n grow_v big_a the_o high_o they_o go_v coral_n xvi_o 16_o stream_n of_o river_n how_o they_o increase_v and_o vary_v coral_n i._o 6_o stream_n retard_v and_o the_o effect_n thereof_o coral_n ix_o 8_o t_o table_n of_o the_o height_n addition_n and_o quantity_n of_o water_n and_o its_o use_n 56_o thrasimenus_n vide_fw-la lake_n time_n how_o it_o be_v measure_v in_o these_o operation_n of_o the_o water_n 49_o torrent_n increase_v at_o the_o increase_n of_o a_o river_n though_o they_o carry_v no_o more_o water_n than_o before_o coral_n iv._o 6_o torrent_n when_o they_o depose_v and_o carry_v away_o the_o sand._n coral_n v._o 7_o torrent_n and_o their_o effect_n in_o a_o river_n 6_o 7_o torrent_n that_o fall_v into_o the_o valley_n or_o into_o po_n of_o valano_n and_o their_o mischief_n prevent_v by_o the_o divert_v of_o reno_n into_o main_n po._n 100_o tiber_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o inundation_n coral_n viii_o 8_o five_o valley_n of_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n their_o inundation_n and_o disorder_n whence_o they_o proceed_v 97_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n show_v by_o several_a example_n 3_o its_o proportion_n to_o the_o measure_n 5_o velocity_n equal_a what_o they_o be_v 47_o velocity_n like_a what_o they_o be_v 47_o 48_o velocity_n of_o water_n know_v how_o they_o help_v we_o in_o find_v the_o length_n 113_o a_o fable_n to_o explain_v the_o truth_n thereof_o ibid._n venice_n vide_fw-la lake_n use_v of_o the_o regulator_n in_o measure_v great_a river_n consideration_n i._n 60_o w_n water_n fall_v why_o they_o disgross_v coral_n xvi_o 16_o water_n how_o the_o length_n of_o they_o be_v measure_v 70_o water_n that_o be_v employ_v to_o flow_v ground_n how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v distribute_v 19_o 53_o 54_o water_n to_o be_v carry_v in_o pipe_n to_o serve_v aquaduct_n and_o conduit_n how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v 15_o 116_o way_n to_o know_v the_o rise_n of_o lake_n by_o raines_n 28_o way_n of_o the_o vulgar_a to_o measure_v the_o water_n of_o rivers_n 68_o wind_n gun_n and_o portable_a fountain_n of_o vincenzo_n vincenti_fw-la of_o urbino_n 11_o wind_n contrary_a retard_v and_o make_v river_n increase_v coral_n vii_o 8_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o first_o tome_n copernicus_n repute_v the_o earth_n a_o globe_n like_a to_o a_o planet_n celestial_a substance_n that_o be_v in_o alterable_a 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in_o those_o that_o distend_v themselves_o for_o a_o great_a length_n from_o west_n to_o east_n namely_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o certain_a manner_n unthought_a of_o and_o without_o a_o precedent_n among_o the_o motion_n possible_a to_o be_v make_v by_o we_o so_o it_o be_v not_o hard_o for_o i_o to_o believe_v that_o effect_n may_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o same_o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imitate_v by_o our_o artificial_a experiment_n salv_n these_o thing_n be_v declare_v it_o be_v time_n that_o we_o proceed_v to_o examine_v the_o particular_a accident_n which_o together_o with_o their_o diversity_n be_v observe_v by_o experience_n in_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o water_n flow_n and_o first_o we_o need_v not_o think_v it_o hard_o to_o guess_v whence_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o lake_n pool_n and_o also_o in_o the_o lesser_a sea_n there_o be_v no_o notable_a flux_n and_o reflux_n the_o 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follower_n never_o attempt_v to_o see_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o phaenomena_n in_o the_o firmament_n for_o or_o against_o the_o annual_a motion_n 337_o tycho_n and_o other_o argue_v against_o the_o annual_a motion_n from_o the_o invariable_a elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 338_o five_o velocity_n vniform_a velocity_n suitable_a with_o circular_a motion_n 12_o nature_n do_v not_o immediate_o confer_v a_o determinate_a degree_n of_o velocity_n although_o she_o can_v 12_o the_o velocity_n by_o the_o incline_a plane_n equal_a to_o the_o velocity_n by_o the_o perpendicular_a and_o the_o motion_n by_o the_o perpendicular_a swift_o than_o by_o the_o incline_a plane_n 14_o velocity_n be_v say_v to_o be_v equal_a when_o the_o space_n pass_v be_v proportionate_a to_o their_o time_n 15_o the_o great_a velocity_n exact_o compensate_v the_o great_a gravity_n 192_o venus_n the_o mutation_n of_o figure_n in_o venus_n argue_v its_o motion_n to_o be_v about_o the_o sun_n 295_o venus_n very_o great_a 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flow_v not_o interrupt_v by_o rest._n 251_o the_o vain_a argumentation_n of_o some_o to_o prove_v the_o element_n of_o water_n to_o be_v of_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n 377_o the_o progressive_a and_o uneven_a motion_n make_v the_o water_n in_o a_o vessel_n to_o run_v to_o and_o fro_o 387_o the_o several_a motion_n in_o the_o contain_v vessel_n may_v make_v the_o contain_v water_n to_o rise_v and_o fall_v 387_o the_o water_n raise_v in_o one_o end_n of_o the_o vessel_n return_v itself_o to_o aequilibrium_fw-la 391_o in_o the_o short_a vessel_n the_o undulation_n of_o water_n be_v more_o frequent_a 391_o the_o great_a profundity_n make_v the_o undulation_n of_o water_n the_o more_o frequent_a 391_o why_o in_o narrow_a place_n the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n be_v swift_a than_o in_o large_a 396_o the_o cause_n why_o in_o some_o narrow_a channel_n we_o see_v the_o sea_n water_n run_v always_o one_o way_n 398_o the_o water_n more_o apt_a to_o conserve_v a_o impetus_fw-la conceive_v 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part_n now_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v the_o genuine_a and_o true_a sense_n of_o what_o be_v ascribe_v to_o it_o out_o of_o ecclesiastes_n cap._n 1._o v._n 4._o one_o generation_n pass_v away_o and_o another_o generation_n come_v but_o the_o earth_n abide_v for_o ever_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v although_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o its_o part_n do_v generate_v and_o corrupt_v and_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o vicissitude_n of_o generation_n and_o corruption_n yet_o in_o reference_n to_o its_o whole_a it_o never_o generate_v nor_o corrupt_v but_o abide_v immutable_a for_o ever_o like_a as_o a_o ship_n which_o though_o it_o be_v mend_v one_o while_n in_o the_o sailyard_n another_o while_n in_o the_o stern_a and_o afterward_o in_o other_o part_n it_o yet_o remain_v the_o same_o ship_n as_o it_o be_v at_o first_o but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v advertise_v that_o that_o scripture_n do_v not_o speak_v of_o a_o local_a motion_n but_o of_o mutation_n of_o another_o nature_n as_o in_o the_o very_a substance_n quantity_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o but_o if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o local_a motion_n than_o it_o may_v be_v explain_v by_o the_o ensue_a maxim_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o natural_a place_n assign_v it_o in_o the_o universe_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v by_o and_o by_o the_o four_o axiom_n be_v this_o that_o every_o corporeal_a thing_n movable_a or_o immovable_a from_o its_o very_a first_o creation_n be_v allot_v its_o proper_a and_o natural_a place_n and_o be_v draw_v or_o remove_v from_o thence_o its_o motion_n be_v violent_a and_o it_o have_v a_o natural_a tendency_n to_o move_v back_o thither_o again_o also_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v move_v from_o its_o natural_a place_n secundum_fw-la totum_fw-la for_o most_o great_a and_o dreadful_a mischief_n will_v follow_v from_o that_o perturbation_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o universe_n place_n
be_v than_o the_o thread_n pass_v the_o hole_n the_o great_a reciprocal_o be_v the_o velocity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o thread_n pass_v the_o hole_n than_o the_o volocity_n of_o the_o part_n before_o the_o hole_n insomuch_o that_o if_o verbi_fw-la gratia_fw-la the_o thickness_n of_o the_o thread_n before_o the_o hole_n be_v double_a to_o the_o thickness_n after_o the_o hole_n in_o such_o case_n the_o velocity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o thread_n pass_v the_o hole_n shall_v be_v double_a to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o thread_n before_o the_o hole_n and_o thus_o the_o thickness_n compensate_v the_o velocity_n and_o the_o velocity_n compensate_v the_o thickness_n so_o that_o the_o same_o occur_v in_o the_o solid_a metal_n of_o gold_n silver_n brass_n iron_n etc._n etc._n that_o even_v also_o in_o the_o fluid_a element_n of_o water_n and_o other_o liquid_n namely_o that_o the_o velocity_n bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o velocity_n that_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o metal_n or_o water_n have_v to_o the_o thickness_n and_o therefore_o grant_v this_o discourse_n we_o may_v say_v that_o as_o often_o as_o two_o tap_n with_o different_a velocity_n discharge_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a that_o the_o tap_n less_o swift_a be_v so_o much_o great_a and_o large_a than_o the_o tap_n more_o swift_a by_o how_o much_o the_o swift_a superate_v in_o velocity_n the_o slow_a and_o to_o pronounce_v the_o proposition_n in_o more_o proper_a term_n we_o say_v that_o if_o two_o tap_n of_o unequal_a velocity_n discharge_v in_o equal_a time_n equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n the_o greatness_n of_o the_o first_o shall_v be_v to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o second_o in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n as_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o second_o to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o first_o as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o first_o tap_n shall_v be_v ten_o time_n swift_a than_o the_o second_o tap_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a that_o the_o second_o be_v ten_o time_n big_a and_o large_a than_o the_o first_o and_o in_o such_o case_n the_o tap_n shall_v discharge_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n and_o this_o be_v the_o principal_a and_o most_o important_a point_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v always_o in_o mind_n for_o that_o on_o it_o well_o understand_v depend_v many_o thing_n profitable_a and_o worthy_a of_o our_o knowledge_n now_o apply_v all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v near_o to_o our_o purpose_n i_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v most_o true_a that_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o same_o river_n or_o current_n of_o run_a water_n there_o do_v always_o pass_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n which_o thing_n be_v also_o demonstrate_v in_o our_o first_o proposition_n and_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o in_o divers_a part_n the_o same_o river_n may_v have_v various_a and_o different_a velocity_n it_o follow_v of_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o where_o the_o river_n have_v less_o velocity_n it_o shall_v be_v of_o great_a measure_n and_o in_o those_o part_n in_o which_o it_o have_v great_a velocity_n it_o shall_v be_v of_o less_o measure_n and_o in_o sum_n the_o velocity_n of_o several_a part_n of_o the_o say_a river_n shall_v have_v eternal_o reciprocal_a and_o like_a proportion_n with_o their_o measure_n this_o principle_n and_o fundamental_a well_o establish_v that_o the_o same_o current_n of_o water_n change_v measure_n according_a to_o its_o vary_v of_o velocity_n that_o be_v lessen_v the_o measure_n when_o the_o velocity_n increase_v and_o increase_a the_o measure_n when_o the_o velocity_n decrease_v i_o pass_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o many_o particular_a accident_n in_o this_o admirable_a matter_n and_o all_o depend_v on_o this_o sole_a proposition_n the_o sense_n of_o which_o i_o have_v oft_o repeat_v that_o it_o may_v be_v well_o understand_v corollary_n i._n and_o first_o we_o hence_o conclude_v that_o the_o same_o stream_n of_o a_o torrent_n namely_o those_o stream_n which_o carry_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n make_v not_o the_o same_o depth_n or_o measure_n in_o the_o river_n in_o which_o they_o enter_v unless_o when_o in_o the_o entrance_n into_o the_o river_n they_o acquire_v or_o to_o say_v better_o keep_v the_o same_o velocity_n because_o if_o the_o velocicity_n acquire_v in_o the_o river_n shall_v be_v different_a also_o the_o measure_n shall_v be_v diverse_a and_o consequent_o the_o depth_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v corollary_n ii_o and_o because_o successive_o as_o the_o river_n be_v more_o and_o more_o full_a it_o be_v constitute_v ordinary_o in_o great_a &_o great_a velocity_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o same_o stream_n of_o the_o torrent_n that_o enter_v into_o the_o river_n make_v less_o and_o less_o depth_n as_o the_o river_n grow_v more_o and_o more_o full_a since_o that_o also_o the_o water_n of_o the_o torrent_n be_v enter_v into_o the_o river_n go_v acquire_v great_a and_o great_a velocity_n and_o therefore_o diminish_v in_o measure_n and_o height_n corollary_n iii_o we_o observe_v also_o that_o while_o the_o main_a river_n be_v shallow_a if_o there_o fall_v but_o a_o gentle_a rain_n it_o sudden_o much_o increase_v and_o rise_v but_o when_o the_o river_n be_v already_o swell_v though_o there_o fall_v again_o another_o new_a violent_a shower_n yet_o it_o increase_v not_o at_o the_o same_o rate_n as_o before_o proportionable_o to_o the_o rain_n which_o fall_v which_o thing_n we_o may_v affirm_v particular_o to_o depend_v on_o this_o that_o in_o the_o first_o case_n while_o the_o river_n be_v low_a it_o be_v find_v also_o very_o slow_a and_o therefore_o the_o little_a water_n which_o enter_v into_o it_o pass_v and_o run_v with_o little_a velocity_n and_o consequent_o occupy_v a_o great_a measure_n but_o when_o the_o river_n be_v once_o augment_v by_o new_a water_n be_v also_o make_v more_o swift_a it_o cause_v the_o great_a flood_n of_o water_n which_o fall_v to_o bear_v a_o less_o measure_n and_o not_o to_o make_v such_o a_o depth_n corollary_n iu._n from_o the_o thing_n demonstrate_v be_v manifest_a also_o that_o whilst_o a_o torrent_n enter_v into_o a_o river_n at_o the_o time_n of_o ebb_n than_o the_o torrent_n move_v with_o such_o a_o certain_a velocity_n what_o ever_o it_o be_v pass_v by_o its_o extreme_a part_n wherewith_o it_o communicate_v with_o the_o river_n in_o which_o part_n the_o torrent_n be_v measure_v shall_v have_v such_o a_o certain_a measure_n but_o the_o river_n swell_v and_o rise_v also_o those_o part_n of_o the_o torrent_n augment_v in_o greatness_n and_o measure_n though_o the_o torrent_n in_o that_o instant_n disimbogue_a no_o more_o water_n than_o it_o do_v before_o so_o that_o the_o river_n be_v swell_v we_o be_v to_o consider_v two_o mouth_n of_o the_o same_o torrent_n one_o less_o before_o the_o rise_n the_o other_o great_a after_o the_o rise_n which_o mouth_n discharge_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n therefore_o the_o velocity_n by_o the_o lesser_a mouth_n shall_v be_v great_a than_o the_o velocity_n by_o the_o great_a mouth_n and_o thus_o the_o torrent_n shall_v be_v retard_v from_o its_o ordinary_a course_n corollary_n v._n from_o which_o operation_n of_o nature_n proceed_v another_o effect_n worthy_a of_o consideration_n and_o it_o be_v that_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n retard_v as_o have_v be_v say_v in_o those_o ultimate_a part_n of_o the_o torrent_n if_o it_o shall_v happen_v that_o the_o torrent_n grow_v torbid_v and_o muddy_a and_o its_o stream_n be_v retard_v in_o such_o a_o degree_n that_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o carry_v away_o those_o minute_n grain_n of_o earth_n which_o compose_v the_o muddinesse_n in_o this_o case_n the_o torrent_n shall_v clear_v away_o the_o mud_n and_o carry_v away_o the_o sand_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o its_o own_o channel_n in_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o its_o mouth_n which_o raise_v and_o void_v sand_n shall_v again_o afterward_o be_v carry_v away_o when_o the_o river_n abate_v the_o torrent_n shall_v return_v to_o move_v with_o its_o primitive_a velocity_n corollary_n vi._n whilst_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o same_o water_n have_v different_a measure_n in_o its_o channel_n or_o course_n according_a as_o it_o vary_v in_o velocity_n so_o that_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n be_v always_o great_a where_o the_o velocity_n be_v lesser_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o measure_n lesser_a where_o the_o velocity_n be_v great_a from_o hence_o we_o may_v most_o elegant_o render_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o usual_a proverb_n take_v heed_n of_o the_o still_a water_n for_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o self_n same_o water_n of_o a_o river_n in_o those_o part_n wherein_o it_o be_v less_o swift_a and_o thence_o call_v still_o or_o smooth_a water_n it_o shall_v be_v of_o necessity_n of_o
in_o the_o low_a part_n namely_o below_o the_o breach_n there_o be_v beget_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n a_o certain_a ridge_n or_o shelf_n that_o be_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n be_v raise_v as_o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a by_o experience_n and_o thus_o just_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n cut_v the_o bank_n at_o bondeno_n there_o be_v at_o it_o be_v a_o breach_n make_v from_o which_o follow_v the_o rise_n in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o main_a po_n be_v past_o the_o mouth_n of_o pamaro_n which_o thing_n how_o pernicious_a it_o be_v let_v any_o one_o judge_n that_o understand_v these_o matter_n and_o therefore_o both_o for_o the_o small_a benefit_n and_o so_o many_o harm_n that_o ensue_v from_o maintain_v this_o diversion_n i_o shall_v think_v it_o be_v more_o sound_a advice_n to_o keep_v that_o bank_n always_o whole_a at_o bondeno_n or_o in_o any_o other_o convenient_a place_n and_o not_o to_o permit_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o grand_a po_n shall_v ever_o come_v near_o to_o ferara_n corollary_n fourteen_o in_o the_o grand_a river_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n as_o here_o in_o italy_n po_n adige_n artesia_n and_o arno_n which_o be_v arm_v with_o bank_n against_o their_o excrescency_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n they_o need_v bank_n of_o a_o notable_a height_n which_o height_n go_v afterward_o by_o degree_n diminish_v the_o more_o it_o approach_v to_o the_o seacoast_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o po_n distant_a from_o the_o sea_n about_o fifty_o or_o sixty_o mile_n at_o ferara_n shall_v have_v bank_n that_o be_v above_o twenty_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o ordinary_a water-mark_n but_o ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o bank_n be_v not_o twelve_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o say_v ordinary_a water-mark_n though_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o river_n be_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o excrescence_n of_o the_o same_o innundation_n happen_v to_o be_v far_o great_a in_o measure_n remote_a from_o the_o sea_n then_o near_o and_o yet_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o water_n pass_v by_o every_o place_n the_o river_n shall_v need_v to_o have_v the_o same_o altitude_n of_o bank_n in_o all_o place_n but_o we_o by_o our_o principle_n and_o fundamental_o may_v be_v able_a to_o render_v the_o reason_n of_o that_o effect_n and_o say_v that_o that_o excess_n of_o quantity_n of_o water_n above_o the_o ordinary_a water_n go_v always_o acquire_v great_a velocity_n the_o near_a it_o approach_v the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o decrease_v in_o measure_n and_o consequent_o in_o height_n and_o this_o perhaps_o may_v have_v be_v the_o cause_n in_o great_a part_n why_o the_o tiber_n in_o the_o innundation_n anno_fw-la 1578._o issue_v not_o forth_o of_o its_o channel_n below_o rome_n towards_o the_o sea_n corollary_n xv._n from_o the_o same_o doctrine_n may_v be_v render_v a_o most_o manifest_a reason_n why_o the_o fall_a water_n go_v lessen_v in_o their_o descent_n so_o that_o the_o same_o fall_a water_n measure_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o its_o fall_n be_v great_a and_o big_a and_o afterward_o by_o degree_n lessen_v in_o measure_n the_o more_o it_o be_v remote_a from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o fall_n which_o depend_v on_o no_o other_o than_o on_o the_o acquisition_n which_o it_o successive_o make_v of_o great_a velocity_n it_o be_v a_o most_o familiar_a conclusion_n among_o philosopher_n that_o grave_a body_n fall_v the_o more_o they_o remove_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o motion_n the_o more_o they_o acquire_v of_o swiftness_n and_o therefore_o the_o water_n as_o a_o grave_a body_n falling_z gradual_o velocitates_fw-la and_o therefore_o decrease_v in_o measure_n and_o lessen_v corollary_n xvi_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o spirting_n of_o a_o fountain_n of_o water_n which_o spring_n on_o high_a work_v a_o contrary_a effect_n namely_o in_o the_o beginning_n they_o be_v small_a and_o afterward_o become_v great_a and_o big_a and_o the_o reason_n be_v most_o manifest_a because_o in_o the_o beginning_n they_o be_v very_o swift_a and_o afterward_o gradual_o relent_v their_o impetuosity_n and_o motion_n so_o that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o excursion_n that_o they_o make_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v small_a and_o afterward_o to_o grow_v big_a as_o in_o the_o effect_n be_v see_v appendix_n i._o into_o the_o error_n of_o not_o consider_v how_o much_o the_o different_a velocity_n of_o the_o same_o run_a water_n in_o several_a place_n of_o its_o current_n be_v able_a to_o change_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o water_n and_o to_o make_v it_o great_a or_o less_o i_o think_v if_o i_o be_v not_o deceive_v that_o ginlio_n frontino_n a_o noble_a ancient_a writer_n may_v have_v fall_v in_o the_o second_o book_n which_o he_o write_v of_o the_o aqueduct_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n whilst_o find_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n water_n commentariis_fw-la less_o than_o it_o be_v in_o erogatione_fw-la 1263._o quinary_n he_o think_v that_o so_o much_o difference_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o measure_n and_o when_o afterward_o with_o his_o own_o industry_n he_o measure_v the_o same_o water_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o aqueduct_n find_v it_o near_o 10000_o quinary_n big_a than_o it_o be_v in_o commentariis_fw-la he_o judge_v that_o the_o overplus_n be_v imbezile_v by_o minister_n and_o partaker_n which_o in_o part_n may_v be_v so_o for_o it_o be_v but_o too_o true_a that_o the_o public_a be_v almost_o always_o defraud_v yet_o nevertheless_o i_o very_o believe_v withal_o that_o beside_o the_o fraud_n of_o these_o officer_n the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o place_n wherein_o frontino_n measure_v it_o may_v be_v different_a from_o those_o velocity_n which_o be_v find_v in_o other_o place_n before_o measure_v by_o other_o and_o therefore_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n may_v yea_o ought_v necessary_o to_o be_v different_a it_o have_v be_v by_o we_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o run_a water_n have_v reciprocal_a proportion_n to_o their_o velocity_n which_o frontino_n not_o well_o consider_v and_o find_v the_o water_n in_o commentariis_fw-la 12755._o quinary_n in_o erogatione_fw-la 14018_o and_o in_o his_o own_o measure_n ad_fw-la capita_fw-la ductuum_fw-la at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o fountain_n 22755._o quinary_n or_o thereabouts_o he_o think_v that_o in_o all_o these_o place_n there_o past_a different_a quantity_n of_o water_n namely_o great_a at_o the_o fountain_n head_n than_o that_o which_o be_v in_o erogatione_fw-la and_o this_o he_o judge_v great_a than_o that_o which_o be_v in_o commentariis_fw-la appendix_n ii_o a_o like_a mistake_n chance_v late_o in_o the_o aqueduct_v of_o acqua-paola_n which_o water_n shall_v be_v 2000_o inch_n and_o so_o many_o effective_o aught_o to_o be_v allow_v and_o it_o have_v be_v give_v in_o so_o to_o be_v by_o the_o signor_n of_o bracciano_n to_o the_o apostolic-chamber_n and_o there_o be_v a_o measure_n thereof_o make_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o aqueduct_v which_o measure_n prove_v afterward_o much_o less_o and_o short_a consider_v and_o take_v in_o rome_n and_o thence_o follow_v discontent_n and_o great_a disorder_n and_o all_o because_o this_o property_n of_o running-water_n of_o increase_v in_o measure_n where_o the_o velocity_n decrease_v and_o of_o diminish_v in_o measure_n where_o the_o velocity_n augment_v be_v not_o look_v into_o appendix_n iii_o a_o like_a error_n in_o my_o judgement_n have_v be_v commit_v by_o all_o those_o learned_a man_n which_o to_o prevent_v the_o diversion_n of_o the_o reno_n of_o bologna_n into_o po_n by_o the_o channel_n through_o which_o it_o at_o present_a run_v judge_v that_o the_o reno_n be_v in_o its_o great_a excrescence_n about_o 2000_o foot_n and_o the_o po_n be_v near_o 1000_o foot_n broad_a they_o judge_v i_o say_v that_o let_v the_o reno_n into_o po_n it_o will_v have_v raise_v the_o water_n of_o po_n two_o foot_n from_o which_o rise_n they_o conclude_v afterward_o most_o exorbitant_a disorder_n either_o of_o extraordinary_a inundation_n or_o else_o of_o immense_a and_o intolerable_a expense_n to_o the_o people_n in_o raise_v the_o bank_n of_o po_n and_o reno_n and_o with_o such_o like_a weakness_n often_o vain_o disturb_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o person_n concern_v but_o now_o from_o the_o thing_n demonstrare_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o reno_n in_o reno_n will_v be_v different_a from_o the_o measure_n of_o reno_n in_o po_n in_o case_n that_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o reno_n in_o po_n shall_v differ_v from_o the_o velocity_n of_o reno_n in_o reno_n as_o be_v more_o exact_o determine_v in_o the_o four_o proposition_n appendix_n iu._n no_o less_o likewise_o be_v those_o ingeneer_n and_o artist_n deceive_v that_o have_v affirm_v that_o let_v the_o reno_n into_o po_n there_o will_v be_v
prejudice_n of_o all_o the_o place_n and_o village_n circumjacent_a in_o regard_n that_o the_o water_n which_o use_v to_o run_v from_o the_o say_a lake_n turn_v 22_o mill_n which_o not_o go_v necessitate_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o part_n to_o go_v a_o day_n journey_n and_o more_o to_o grind_v upon_o the_o tiber._n be_v return_v to_o perugia_n there_o follow_v a_o rain_n not_o very_o great_a but_o constant_a and_o even_o which_o last_v for_o the_o space_n of_o eight_o hour_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o it_o come_v into_o my_o thought_n to_o examine_v be_v in_o perugia_n how_o much_o the_o lake_n be_v increase_v and_o raise_v by_o this_o rain_n suppose_v as_o it_o be_v probable_a enough_o that_o the_o rain_n have_v be_v universal_a over_o all_o the_o lake_n and_o like_a to_o that_o which_o fall_v in_o perugia_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n i_o take_v a_o glass_n form_v like_o a_o cylinder_n about_o a_o palm_n high_a and_o half_a a_o palm_n broad_a and_o have_v put_v in_o water_n 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general_z of_o the_o holy_a church_n london_n print_v anno_fw-la domini_fw-la mdclxi_o of_o the_o mensuration_n of_o run_v water_n supposition_n i._n let_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o which_o we_o speak_v be_v erect_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o upper_a superficies_n of_o the_o river_n supposition_n ii_o we_o suppose_v that_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n of_o which_o we_o speak_v be_v at_o right_a angle_n with_o the_o bank_n supposition_n iii_o it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v that_o we_o speak_v of_o river_n when_o they_o be_v at_o ebb_n in_o that_o state_n of_o shallowness_n or_o at_o flow_v in_o that_o state_n of_o deepness_n and_o not_o in_o their_o transition_n from_o the_o ebb_n to_o the_o flow_a or_o from_o the_o flow_a to_o the_o ebb_n declaration_n of_o term_n first_o if_o a_o river_n shall_v be_v cut_v by_o a_o plane_n at_o right_a angle_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n 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velocity_n through_o b_o let_v a_o section_n be_v suppose_v equal_a to_o the_o section_n a_o in_o magnitude_n but_o of_o velocity_n equal_a to_o the_o section_n b_o and_o let_v it_o be_v g_z and_o as_o the_o section_n a_o be_v to_o the_o section_n b_o so_fw-mi let_v the_o line_n f_o be_v to_o the_o line_n d_o and_o as_o the_o velocity_n a_o be_v to_o the_o velocity_n by_o b_o so_o let_v the_o line_n d_o be_v to_o the_o line_n r_o therefore_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o a_o shall_v be_v to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o g_z in_o regard_v the_o section_n a_o and_o g_o be_v of_o equal_a bigness_n but_o of_o unequal_a velocity_n as_o the_o velocity_n through_o a_o to_o the_o velocity_n through_o g_z but_o as_o the_o velocity_n through_o a_o be_v to_o the_o velocity_n through_o g_o so_o be_v the_o velocity_n through_o a_o to_o the_o velocity_n through_o b_o namely_o as_o the_o line_n d_o to_o the_o line_n r_o therefore_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v the_o through_o a_o shall_v be_v to_o the_o quantity_n which_o pass_v through_o g_o as_o the_o line_n d_o be_v to_o the_o line_n r_o but_o the_o quantity_n which_o pass_v through_o g_o be_v to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o b_o in_o regard_n the_o section_n c_o and_o b_o be_v equal_o swift_a as_o the_o section_n g_o to_o the_o section_n b_o that_o be_v as_o the_o section_n a_o to_o the_o section_n b_o that_o be_v as_o the_o line_n f_o to_o the_o line_n d_o therefore_o by_o the_o equal_a and_o perturb_a proportionality_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o a_o have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o b_o that_o the_o line_n f_o have_v to_o the_o line_n r_o but_o f_o to_o r_o have_v a_o proportion_n compound_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o f_o to_o d_o and_o of_o d_o to_z r_z that_o be_v of_o the_o section_n a_o to_o the_o section_n b_o and_o of_o the_o velocity_n through_o a_o to_o the_o velocity_n through_o b_o therefore_o also_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o section_n a_o shall_v have_v a_o proportion_n to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o section_n b_o compound_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o section_n a_o to_o the_o section_n b_o and_o of_o the_o velocity_n through_o a_o to_o the_o velocity_n through_o b_o and_o therefore_o in_o two_o section_n of_o river_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o first_o etc._n etc._n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v corollary_n the_o same_o follow_v though_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o section_n a_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o section_n b_o as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o same_o demonstration_n proposition_n iii_o in_o two_o section_n unequal_a through_o which_o pass_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n the_o section_n have_v to_o one_o another_o reciprocal_a proportion_n to_o their_o velocity_n let_v the_o two_o unequal_a section_n by_o which_o pass_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n be_v a_o the_o great_a and_o b_o the_o lesser_a i_o say_v that_o the_o section_n a_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o section_n b_o that_o reciprocal_o the_o velocity_n through_o b_o have_v to_o the_o velocity_n through_o a_o for_o suppose_v that_o as_o the_o water_n that_o pass_v through_o a_o be_v to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o b_o so_o be_v the_o line_n e_o to_o the_o line_n f_o therefore_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o a_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o b_o the_o line_n e_o shall_v also_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o line_n f_o suppose_v moreover_o that_o as_o the_o section_n a_o be_v to_o the_o section_n b_o so_o be_v the_o
which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v annotation_n the_o same_o may_v have_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o second_o proposition_n above_o demonstrate_v as_o be_v manifest_a proposition_n vi._n if_o two_o equal_a stream_n of_o the_o same_o torrent_n fall_v into_o a_o river_n at_o divers_a time_n the_o height_n make_v in_o the_o river_n by_o the_o torrent_n shall_v have_v between_o themselves_o the_o reciprocal_a proportion_n of_o the_o velocity_n acquire_v in_o the_o river_n let_v a_o and_o b_o be_v be_v equal_a stream_n of_o the_o same_o torrent_n which_o fall_v into_o a_o river_n at_o divers_a time_n make_v the_o height_n cd_o and_o fg_v that_o be_v the_o stream_n a_o make_v the_o height_n cd_o and_o the_o stream_n b_o make_v the_o height_n fg_v that_o be_v let_v their_o section_n in_o the_o river_n into_o which_o they_o be_v fall_v be_v ce_fw-fr and_o fh_n i_o say_v that_o the_o height_n cd_o shall_v be_v to_o the_o height_n fg_v in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n as_o the_o velocity_n through_o fh_n to_o the_o velocity_n through_o ce_fw-fr for_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o a_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o quantity_n which_o pass_v through_o b_o in_o equal_a time_n also_o the_o quantity_n which_o pass_v through_o ce_fw-fr shall_v be_v equal_a to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o fh_n and_o therefore_o the_o proportion_n that_o the_o section_n ce_fw-fr have_v to_o the_o section_n fh_v shall_v be_v the_o same_o that_o the_o velocity_n through_o fh_n have_v to_o the_o velocity_n through_o ce_fw-fr but_o the_o section_n ce_fw-fr be_v to_o the_o section_n fh_v as_o cd_o to_o fg_v by_o reason_n they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o breadth_n therefore_o cd_o shall_v be_v to_o fg_v in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n as_o the_o velocity_n through_o fh_n be_v to_o the_o velocity_n through_o ce_fw-fr and_o therefore_o if_o two_o equal_a stream_n of_o the_o same_o torrent_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v of_o the_o mensuration_n of_o run_v water_n lib._n ii_o have_v in_o the_o close_a of_o my_o treatise_n of_o the_o mensuration_n of_o run_v water_n promise_v to_o declare_v upon_o another_o occasion_n other_o particular_n more_o obscure_a and_o of_o very_o great_a concern_v upon_o the_o same_o argument_n i_o now_o do_v perform_v my_o promise_n on_o the_o occasion_n that_o i_o have_v the_o past_a year_n 1641._o to_o propound_v my_o thought_n touch_v the_o state_n of_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n a_o business_n certain_o most_o important_a as_o be_v the_o concernment_n of_o that_o most_o noble_a and_o most_o admirable_a city_n and_o indeed_o of_o all_o italy_n yea_o of_o all_o europe_n asia_n &_o africa_n &_o one_o may_v true_o say_v of_o all_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o be_v to_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o method_n necessary_a in_o science_n i_o will_v propose_v in_o the_o first_o place_n certain_a definition_n of_o those_o term_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o make_v use_n in_o our_o discourse_n and_o then_o lay_v down_o certain_a principle_n we_o will_v demonstrate_v some_o problem_n and_o theorem_n necessary_a for_o the_o understanding_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o be_v to_o deliver_v and_o moreover_o recount_v sundry_a case_n that_o have_v happen_v we_o will_v prove_v by_o practice_n of_o what_o utility_n this_o contemplation_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o run_v water_n be_v in_o the_o more_o important_a affair_n both_o public_a and_o private_a definition_n i._n two_o river_n be_v say_v to_o move_v with_o equal_a velocity_n when_o in_o equal_a time_n they_o pass_v space_n of_o equal_a length_n definition_n ii_o river_n be_v say_v to_o move_v with_o like_a velocity_n when_o their_o proportional_a part_n do_v move_v alike_o that_o be_v the_o upper_a part_n alike_o to_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a to_o the_o low_a so_o that_o if_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o one_o river_n shall_v be_v more_o swift_a than_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o another_o then_o also_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o former_a shall_v be_v more_o swift_a than_o the_o part_n correspondent_a to_o it_o in_o the_o second_o proportional_o definition_n iii_o to_o measure_v a_o river_n or_o run_v water_n be_v in_o our_o sense_n to_o find_v out_o how_o many_o determinate_a measure_n or_o weight_n of_o water_n in_o a_o give_v time_n pass_v through_o the_o river_n or_o channel_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v definition_n iu._n if_o a_o machine_n be_v make_v either_o of_o brick_n or_o of_o stone_n or_o of_o wood_n so_o compose_v that_o two_o side_n of_o the_o say_a machine_n be_v place_v at_o right_a angle_n upon_o the_o end_n of_o a_o three_o side_n that_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o river_n parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o all_o the_o water_n which_o run_v through_o the_o say_a river_n pass_v through_o the_o say_a machine_n and_o if_o all_o the_o water_n come_v to_o be_v divert_v that_o run_v through_o the_o say_a river_n the_o upper_a superficies_n of_o that_o three_o side_n place_v in_o the_o bottom_n do_v remain_v uncover_v and_o dry_a and_o that_o the_o dead_a water_n be_v not_o above_o it_o this_o same_o machine_n shall_v be_v call_v by_o we_o sluice_n regulator_n and_o that_o three_o side_n of_o the_o machine_n which_o stand_v horizontal_o be_v call_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o regulator_n and_o the_o other_o two_o side_n be_v call_v the_o bank_n of_o the_o regulator_n as_o be_v see_v in_o this_o first_o figure_n abcd_n shall_v be_v the_o regulator_n bc_n the_o bottom_n and_o the_o other_o two_o side_n ab_fw-la and_o cd_o be_v its_o bank_n definition_n v._n by_o the_o quick_a height_n we_o mean_v the_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o upper_a superficie_fw-la of_o the_o river_n unto_o the_o upper_a superficies_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o regulator_n as_o in_o the_o forego_n figure_n the_o line_n gh_o definition_n vi._n if_o the_o water_n of_o a_o river_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v mark_v by_o three_o side_n of_o a_o regulator_n that_o rightangle_v parallelogram_n comprehend_v between_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o regulator_n and_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v call_v a_o section_n of_o the_o river_n annotation_n here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o river_n itself_o may_v have_v sundry_a and_o divers_a height_n in_o several_a part_n of_o its_o channel_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a velocity_n of_o the_o water_n and_o its_o measure_n as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o first_o book_n supposition_n i._n it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o river_n equal_a in_o breadth_n and_o quick_a height_n that_o have_v the_o same_o inclination_n of_o bed_n or_o bottom_n ought_v also_o to_o have_v equal_a velocity_n the_o accidental_a impediment_n be_v remove_v that_o be_v disperse_v throughout_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n and_o abstract_v also_o from_o the_o external_a wind_n which_o may_v velocitate_fw-la and_o retard_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n supposition_n ii_o let_v we_o suppose_v also_o that_o if_o there_o be_v two_o river_n that_o be_v in_o their_o bed_n of_o equal_a length_n and_o of_o the_o same_o inclination_n but_o of_o quick_a height_n unequal_a they_o ought_v to_o move_v with_o like_a velocity_n according_a to_o the_o sense_n explain_v in_o the_o second_o definition_n supposition_n iii_o because_o it_o will_v often_o be_v requisite_a to_o measure_v the_o time_n exact_o in_o the_o follow_a problem_n we_o take_v that_o to_o be_v a_o excellent_a way_n to_o measure_v the_o time_n which_o be_v show_v i_o many_o year_n since_o by_o signore_v galileo_n galilaei_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v a_o string_n be_v to_o be_v take_v three_o roman_a foot_n long_o to_o the_o end_n of_o which_o a_o bullet_n of_o lead_n be_v to_o be_v hang_v of_o about_o two_o or_o three_o ounce_n and_o hold_v it_o by_o the_o other_o end_n the_o plummet_n be_v to_o be_v remove_v from_o its_o perpendicularity_n a_o palm_n more_o or_o less_o and_o then_o let_v go_v which_o will_v make_v many_o swing_v to_o and_o again_o pass_v and_o repass_v the_o perpendicular_a before_o that_o it_o stay_v in_o the_o same_o now_o it_o be_v require_v to_o measure_v the_o time_n that_o be_v spend_v in_o any_o whatsoever_o operation_n those_o vibration_n be_v to_o be_v number_v that_o be_v make_v whilst_o the_o work_n last_v and_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o many_o second_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n if_o so_o be_v that_o the_o string_n be_v three_o roman_a foot_n long_o but_o in_o short_a string_n the_o vibration_n be_v more_o frequent_a and_o in_o long_a less_o frequent_a and_o all_o this_o still_o follow_v whether_o the_o plummet_n be_v little_a or_o much_o remove_v from_o its_o perpendicularity_n or_o whether_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o lead_v be_v great_a or_o lesser_a these_o
set_v down_o the_o whole_a business_n in_o writing_n who_o have_v afterward_o read_v it_o private_o the_o say_v signore_v impart_v the_o same_o with_o like_a privacy_n to_o the_o most_o serene_a prince_n and_o i_o receive_v order_n to_o represent_v the_o same_o to_o the_o full_a college_n as_o according_o i_o do_v in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n the_o same_o year_n and_o it_o be_v as_o follow_v consideration_n concern_v the_o lake_n of_o venice_n by_o d._n benedetto_n castelli_n abbot_n of_o s._n benedetto_n aloysio_n mathematician_n to_o pope_n vrban_n viii_o and_o professor_n in_o rome_n consideration_n i._n though_o the_o principal_a cause_n be_v but_o one_o only_a that_o in_o my_o judgement_n threaten_v irreparable_a ruin_n to_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n in_o the_o present_a state_n in_o which_o it_o now_o stand_v yet_o nevertheless_o i_o think_v that_o two_o head_n may_v be_v consider_v and_o this_o consideration_n may_v peradventure_o serve_v we_o for_o to_o facilitate_v and_o explain_v the_o opportune_a remedy_n though_o not_o to_o render_v the_o state_n of_o thing_n absolute_o unchangeable_a and_o eternal_a a_o enterprise_n impossible_a and_o especial_o in_o that_o which_o have_v have_v some_o beginning_n ought_v likewise_o necessary_o to_o have_v its_o end_n or_o at_o least_o to_o prevent_v the_o danger_n for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n and_o possible_o it_o may_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n by_o the_o mutation_n itself_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o better_a condition_n i_o say_v therefore_o that_o the_o present_a disorder_n may_v be_v consider_v under_o two_o head_n one_o be_v the_o very_a notable_a discovery_n of_o land_n that_o be_v observe_v at_o the_o time_n of_o low_a water_n the_o which_o beside_o the_o obstruct_n of_o navigation_n in_o the_o lake_n and_o also_o in_o the_o channel_n do_v likewise_o threaten_v another_o mischief_n and_o disorder_n worthy_a of_o very_o particular_a consideration_n which_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n dry_v up_o that_o mud_n especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hot_a summer_n do_v raise_v thence_o the_o putrify_a and_o pernicious_a vapour_n fog_n and_o exhalation_n that_o infect_v the_o air_n and_o may_v render_v the_o city_n unhabitable_a the_o second_o head_n be_v the_o great_a stoppage_n that_o daily_o be_v grow_v in_o the_o port_n especial_o of_o venice_n at_o malamoco_n concern_v which_o matter_n i_o will_v hint_n certain_a general_a point_n and_o then_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o more_o particular_a and_o important_a affair_n and_o first_o i_o say_v that_o i_o hold_v it_o altogether_o impossible_a to_o effect_v any_o thing_n though_o never_o so_o profitable_a which_o do_v not_o bring_v with_o it_o some_o mischief_n and_o therefore_o the_o good_a and_o the_o hurt_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o well_o weigh_v and_o then_o the_o less_o harmful_a part_n to_o be_v embrace_v second_o i_o propose_v to_o consideration_n that_o the_o so_o notable_a discovery_n of_o earth_n &_o mud_n have_v not_o be_v long_o observe_v as_o i_o understand_v from_o old_a person_n that_o can_v remember_v passage_n for_o fifty_o year_n past_a which_o thing_n be_v true_a as_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v most_o true_a it_o shall_v appear_v that_o it_o can_v not_o but_o be_v good_a to_o reduce_v matter_n to_o that_o pass_n that_o they_o be_v at_o former_o lay_v aside_o all_o affection_n or_o passion_n that_o self-flattering_a mind_n have_v entertain_v for_o their_o own_o conceit_n or_o at_o least_o it_o shall_v be_v necessary_a speedy_o to_o consult_v the_o whole_a three_o i_o hold_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o weigh_v whether_o from_o the_o foresay_a discovery_n of_o land_n it_o follow_v that_o only_o the_o earth_n rise_v as_o it_o be_v common_o think_v by_o all_o without_o dispute_n or_o whether_o the_o water_n be_v abate_v and_o fall_v away_o or_o else_o whether_o it_o proceed_v from_o both_o the_o one_o and_o other_o cause_n and_o here_o it_o will_v be_v seasonable_a to_o inquire_v what_o share_v the_o say_a cause_n may_v have_v each_o consider_v apart_o in_o the_o foresay_a effect_n for_o in_o the_o first_o case_n if_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v raise_v it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v of_o take_v it_o down_o and_o remove_v it_o but_o if_o the_o water_n have_v fail_v or_o abate_v i_o believe_v that_o it_o will_v be_v extreme_o necessary_a to_o restore_v and_o raise_v they_o and_o if_o both_o these_o reason_n have_v conspire_v in_o this_o effect_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o remedy_v they_o each_o apart_o and_o i_o do_v for_o my_o part_n think_v that_o the_o so_o notable_a appearance_n of_o shelf_n at_o the_o time_n of_o low_a water_n proceed_v principal_o from_o the_o decrease_n and_o abatement_n of_o the_o water_n which_o may_v confident_o be_v affirm_v to_o need_v no_o other_o proof_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o brent_n have_v be_v actual_o divert_v which_o do_v former_o discharge_v its_o water_n into_o the_o lake_n as_o to_o the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o great_a stoppage_n of_o port_n i_o hold_v that_o all_o proceed_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v sometime_o disturb_v by_o wind_n especial_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o water_n flow_v do_v continual_o raise_v from_o its_o bottom_n immense_a heap_n of_o sand_n carry_v they_o by_o the_o tide_n and_o force_n of_o the_o wave_n into_o the_o lake_n it_o not_o have_v on_o its_o part_n any_o sttength_n of_o current_n that_o may_v raise_v and_o carry_v they_o away_o they_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o so_o they_o choke_v up_o the_o port_n and_o that_o this_o effect_n happen_v in_o this_o manner_n we_o have_v most_o frequent_a experience_n thereof_o along_o the_o seacoast_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o tuscany_n on_o the_o roman-shore_n and_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o of_o naples_n that_o when_o a_o river_n fall_v into_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v always_o see_v in_o the_o sea_n itself_o at_o the_o place_n of_o the_o river_n outlet_a the_o resemblance_n as_o it_o be_v of_o 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bring_v such_o a_o drift_n of_o sand_n into_o the_o port_n that_o if_o it_o do_v not_o whole_o choke_v they_o up_o it_o shall_v render_v they_o at_o least_o unprofitable_a and_o impossible_a for_o bark_n and_o great_a vessel_n many_o other_o consideration_n may_v be_v propound_v concern_v these_o two_o head_n of_o the_o stoppage_n of_o the_o port_n and_o of_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o ouze_n and_o mud_n in_o the_o lake_n but_o so_o much_o shall_v suffice_v we_o to_o have_v hint_v to_o make_v way_n for_o discourse_v of_o the_o operation_n about_o the_o oportune_a remedy_n yet_o before_o that_o i_o propound_v my_o opinion_n i_o say_v that_o i_o know_v very_o well_o that_o my_o proposal_n at_o first_o sight_n will_v seem_v absurd_a and_o inconvenient_a and_o therefore_o as_o such_o will_v perhaps_o be_v reject_v by_o the_o most_o and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o it_o will_v prove_v direct_o contrary_a to_o what_o have_v hitherto_o be_v and_o as_o i_o hear_v be_v intend_v to_o be_v do_v and_o i_o be_o not_o so_o wed_v to_o my_o opinion_n but_o that_o i_o do_v consider_v what_o other_o may_v judge_v thereof_o but_o be_v it_o as_o it_o will_v i_o be_o oblige_v to_o speak_v my_o thought_n free_o and_o that_o be_v do_v i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o wise_a man_n than_o my_o s●lf_n when_o they_o shall_v have_v well_o consider_v my_o reason_n to_o judge_v and_o deliberate_v of_o the_o quid_fw-la agendum_fw-la and_o if_o the_o sentence_n shall_v go_v against_o i_o i_o appeal_v to_o the_o most_o equitable_a and_o inexorable_a tribunal_n of_o nature_n who_o not_o care_v in_o the_o least_o to_o please_v either_o one_o party_n or_o another_o will_v be_v always_o a_o punctual_a and_o inviolable_a executrix_fw-la of_o her_o eternal_a decree_n against_o which_o neither_o humane_a deliberation_n nor_o our_o vain_a desire_n shall_v ever_o have_v power_n to_o rebel_v i_o add_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n that_o which_o follow_v though_o your_o highness_n interest_n yourself_o in_o this_o noble_a college_n and_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v confirm_v in_o the_o authority_n senate_n by_o universal_a vote_n that_o the_o wind_n do_v not_o blow_v that_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o fluctuate_v that_o the_o river_n do_v not_o run_v yet_o shall_v the_o wind_n be_v always_o deaf_a the_o sea_n shall_v be_v constant_a in_o its_o inconstancy_n and_o the_o river_n most_o obstinate_a and_o these_o shall_v be_v my_o judge_n and_o to_o their_o determination_n i_o refer_v myself_o by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o my_o opinion_n that_o be_v make_v very_o clear_a and_o manifest_a which_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o discourse_n i_o glance_v at_o namely_o that_o the_o whole_a disorder_n although_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o head_n into_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o mud_n and_o of_o the_o stoppage_n port_n yet_o nevertheless_o by_o the_o application_n of_o one_o only_a remedy_n and_o that_o in_o my_o esteem_n very_o easy_a the_o whole_a shall_v be_v remove_v and_o this_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v restore_v into_o the_o lake_n as_o much_o water_n as_o can_v be_v possible_a and_o in_o particular_a from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o venice_n take_v care_n that_o the_o water_n be_v as_o free_a from_o mud_n as_o be_v possible_a and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o true_a and_o real_a remedy_n of_o the_o precedent_a disorder_n be_v manifest_a for_o in_o the_o passage_n that_o this_o water_n shall_v make_v through_o the_o lake_n it_o shall_v of_o itself_o by_o degree_n clear_v the_o channel_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o current_n that_o it_o shall_v successive_o acquire_v and_o in_o this_o manner_n be_v disperse_v through_o the_o lake_n it_o shall_v maintain_v the_o water_n in_o the_o same_o and_o in_o the_o channel_n much_o high_o as_o i_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o a_o thing_n that_o will_v make_v navigation_n commodious_a and_o that_o which_o moreover_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n in_o our_o business_n those_o shelf_n of_o mud_n which_o now_o discover_v themselves_o at_o the_o time_n of_o low-water_n shall_v be_v always_o cover_v so_o that_o the_o putrefaction_n of_o the_o air_n shall_v also_o be_v remedy_v and_o last_o this_o abundance_n of_o water_n be_v always_o to_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o port_n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o their_o bottom_n will_v be_v scour_v and_o that_o these_o effect_n must_v follow_v nature_n herself_o seem_v to_o persuade_v there_o remain_v only_o one_o great_a doubt_n whether_o that_o abundance_n of_o water_n that_o shall_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o lake_n may_v be_v real_o sufficient_a to_o make_v the_o water_n rise_v so_o much_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o shelf_n cover_v and_o to_o facilitate_v navigation_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v at_o least_o half_a a_o yard_n brace_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o indeed_o it_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o sole_a water_n of_o the_o name_n brent_n let_v into_o the_o lake_n and_o disperse_v over_o the_o same_o can_v occasion_v so_o notable_a a_o height_n of_o water_n and_o the_o more_o to_o confirm_v the_o difficulty_n one_o may_v say_v reduce_v the_o reason_n to_o calculation_n that_o in_o case_n the_o brent_n be_v 40._o brace_n broad_a and_o two_o and_o a_o half_a high_a and_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v 20000._o brace_n it_o will_v seem_v necessary_a that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o brent_n dilate_v and_o distend_v through_o the_o lake_n will_v be_v but_o only_o 1_o 100_o of_o a_o brace_n in_o height_n which_o be_v imperceptible_a and_o will_v be_v of_o no_o avail_n to_o our_o purpose_n nay_o more_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o the_o brent_n run_v very_o muddy_a and_o foul_a this_o will_v occasion_v very_o great_a mischief_n fill_v and_o contract_v the_o lake_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n this_o remedy_n ought_v as_o pernicious_a to_o be_v total_o exclude_v and_o condemn_v i_o here_o confess_v that_o i_o be_o surprise_v at_o the_o form_n of_o the_o argument_n as_o if_o i_o be_v in_o a_o certain_a manner_n convince_v that_o i_o dare_v not_o adventure_v to_o say_v more_o or_o open_v my_o mouth_n in_o this_o matter_n but_o the_o strength_n itself_o of_o the_o argument_n as_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o mean_n of_o geometrical_a and_o arithmetical_a calculation_n have_v open_v i_o the_o way_n to_o discover_v a_o very_a crafty_a fraud_n that_o be_v couch_v in_o the_o same_o argument_n which_o fraud_n i_o will_v make_v out_o to_o any_o one_o that_o have_v but_o any_o insight_n in_o geometry_n and_o arithmetic_n and_o as_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o such_o a_o argument_n shall_v be_v produce_v by_o any_o but_o such_o as_o have_v taste_v of_o these_o in_o such_o affair_n most_o profitable_a and_o most_o necessary_a science_n so_o do_v not_o i_o pretend_v to_o make_v myself_o understand_v save_v only_o by_o such_o to_o who_o i_o will_v evince_v so_o clear_o as_o that_o more_o it_o can_v be_v desire_v the_o error_n and_o fraud_n wherein_o those_o ancient_n and_o modern_n have_v be_v and_o always_o be_v entangle_v that_o have_v in_o any_o way_n yet_o handle_v this_o matter_n of_o consider_v the_o measure_n and_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o move_v and_o so_o great_a be_v the_o esteem_n that_o i_o have_v for_o that_o which_o i_o be_o now_o about_o to_o say_v touch_v this_o particular_a that_o i_o be_o content_a that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o my_o discourse_n be_v reject_v provide_v that_o that_o be_v perfect_o understand_v which_o i_o be_o hereafter_o to_o propose_v i_o hold_v and_o know_v it_o to_o be_v a_o main_a principle_n upon_o which_o all_o that_o be_v found_v that_o can_v be_v say_v either_o well_o or_o handsome_o on_o this_o particular_a the_o other_o discourse_n may_v have_v a_o appearance_n of_o be_v probable_a but_o this_o hit_v the_o mark_n as_o full_a as_o can_v be_v desire_v arrive_v at_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o certainty_n i_o have_v seventeen_o year_n since_o as_o i_o represent_v to_o the_o most_o serene_a prince_n and_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o precedent_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o affair_n sewer_n write_v a_o treatise_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n that_o move_v in_o which_o i_o geometrical_o demonstrate_v and_o declare_v this_o business_n and_o they_o who_o shall_v have_v well_o understand_v the_o ground_n of_o my_o discourse_n will_v rest_v full_o satisfy_v with_o that_o which_o i_o be_o now_o about_o to_o propose_v but_o that_o all_o may_v become_v rhe_n more_o easy_a i_o will_v more_o brief_o explicate_v and_o declare_v so_o much_o thereof_o as_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o discourse_n which_o will_v suffice_v for_o our_o purpose_n and_o if_o that_o shall_v not_o be_v enough_o we_o have_v always_o the_o experiment_n
in_o equal_a time_n but_o that_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v four_o time_n more_o swift_a than_o the_o other_o the_o more_o slow_a shall_v of_o necessity_n be_v four_o time_n more_o large_a and_o because_o the_o same_o river_n in_o any_o part_n thereof_o always_o discharge_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o first_o proposition_n of_o the_o first_o book_n book_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o run_v water_n but_o yet_o do_v not_o run_v throughout_o with_o the_o same_o velocity_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o vulgar_a measure_n of_o the_o say_a river_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o its_o channel_n be_v always_o divers_a insomuch_o that_o if_o a_o river_n pass_v through_o its_o channel_n have_v such_o velocity_n that_o it_o run_v 100_o brace_n in_o the_o 1_o 1_o 60_o of_o a_o hour-and_a afterward_o the_o say_a river_n shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o so_o much_o tardity_n of_o motion_n as_o that_o in_o the_o same_o time_n it_o shall_v not_o run_v more_o than_o one_o brace_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a that_o that_o same_o river_n shall_v become_v 100_o time_n big_a in_o that_o place_n where_o it_o be_v retard_v i_o mean_v 100_o time_n big_a than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v swift_a and_o let_v it_o be_v keep_v well_o in_o mind_n that_o this_o point_n right_o understand_v will_v clear_v the_o understanding_n to_o discover_v very_o many_o accident_n worthy_a to_o be_v know_v but_o for_o this_o time_n let_v it_o suffice_v that_o we_o have_v only_o declare_v that_o which_o make_v for_o our_o purpose_n refer_v apprehensive_a and_o studious_a wit_n to_o the_o perusal_n of_o my_o aforenamed_a treatise_n for_o therein_o he_o shall_v find_v profit_n and_o delight_n both_o together_o now_o apply_v all_o to_o our_o principal_a intent_n i_o say_v that_o by_o what_o have_v be_v declare_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o if_o the_o brent_n be_v 40._o brace_n broad_a and_o 2_o 1_o 2_o high_a in_o some_o one_o part_n of_o its_o channel_n that_o afterward_o the_o same_o water_n of_o the_o brent_n fall_v into_o the_o lake_n and_o pass_v through_o the_o same_o to_o the_o sea_n it_o shall_v lose_v so_o much_o of_o its_o velocity_n that_o it_o shall_v run_v but_o one_o brace_n in_o the_o time_n wherein_o whilst_o it_o be_v in_o its_o channel_n at_o the_o place_n aforesaid_a it_o run_v 100_o brace_n it_o will_v be_v absolute_o necessary_a that_o increase_v in_o measure_n it_o shall_v become_v a_o hundred_o time_n deep_o thick_a and_o therefore_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o the_o lake_n be_v 20000._o brace_n the_o brent_n that_o already_o have_v be_v suppose_v in_o its_o channel_n 100_o brace_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o lake_n shall_v be_v 100_o time_n 100_o brate_v that_o be_v shall_v be_v 10000_o brace_n in_o thickness_n and_o consequent_o shall_v be_v in_o height_n half_a a_o brace_n that_o be_v 100_o 200_o of_o a_o brace_n and_o not_o 1st_a 200_o of_o a_o brace_n as_o be_v conclude_v in_o the_o argument_n now_o one_o may_v see_v into_o what_o a_o gross_a error_n of_o 99_o in_o 100_o one_o may_v fall_v through_o the_o not_o well_o understand_v the_o true_a quantity_n of_o run_v water_n which_o be_v well_o understand_v do_v open_v a_o direct_a way_n to_o our_o judge_v aright_o in_o this_o most_o considerable_a affair_n and_o therefore_o admit_v that_o which_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v i_o say_v that_o i_o will_v if_o it_o do_v concern_v i_o great_o incline_v to_o consult_v upon_o the_o return_v of_o the_o brent_n again_o into_o the_o lake_n for_o it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o the_o brent_n in_o the_o channel_n of_o its_o mouth_n be_v much_o swift_a than_o the_o brent_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o lake_n it_o will_v certain_o follow_v thereupon_o that_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o water_n of_o brent_n in_o the_o lake_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o great_a than_o that_o of_o brent_n in_o brent_n by_o how_o much_o the_o bront_n in_o brent_n be_v swift_a than_o thh_n brent_n in_o the_o lake_n 1._o from_o which_o operation_n do_v follow_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o the_o lake_n be_v fill_v and_o increase_v by_o these_o water_n shall_v be_v more_o navigable_a and_o passable_a than_o at_o present_a we_o see_v it_o to_o be_v 2._o by_o the_o current_n of_o these_o water_n the_o channel_n will_v be_v scour_v and_o will_v be_v keep_v clean_o from_o time_n to_o time_n 3._o there_o will_v not_o appear_v at_o the_o time_n of_o low-water_n so_o many_o shelf_n and_o such_o heap_n of_o mud_n as_o do_v now_o appear_v 4._o the_o air_n will_v become_v more_o wholesome_a for_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o infect_v by_o putrid_a vapour_n exhale_v by_o the_o sun_n so_o long_o as_o the_o miry_a ouze_n shall_v be_v cover_v by_o the_o water_n 5._o last_o in_o the_o current_n of_o these_o advantageous_a water_n which_o must_v issue_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n into_o the_o sea_n beside_o those_o of_o the_o tide_n the_o port_n will_v be_v keep_v scour_v and_o clear_a and_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o shall_v offer_v for_o the_o present_a touch_v this_o weighty_a buisiness_n always_o submit_v myself_o to_o sound_a judgement_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a write_n i_o present_v a_o copy_n at_o venice_n at_o a_o full_a college_n in_o which_o i_o read_v it_o all_o and_o it_o be_v hearken_v to_o with_o very_o great_a attention_n and_o at_o last_o i_o present_v it_o to_o the_o duke_n and_o leave_v some_o copy_n thereof_o with_o sundry_a senator_n and_o go_v my_o way_n promise_v with_o all_o intenseness_n to_o apply_v my_o pain_n with_o reiterated_a study_n in_o the_o public_a service_n and_o if_o any_o other_o thing_n shall_v come_v into_o my_o mind_n i_o promise_v to_o declare_v they_o sincere_o and_o so_o take_v leave_v of_o his_o serenity_n and_o that_o noble_a council_n when_o i_o be_v return_v to_o rome_n this_o business_n night_n and_o day_n continual_o run_v in_o my_o mind_n i_o happen_v to_o think_v of_o another_o admirable_a and_o most_o important_a conceit_n which_o with_o effectual_a reason_n confirm_v by_o exact_a operation_n i_o with_o the_o divine_a assistance_n make_v clear_a and_o manifest_a and_o though_o the_o thing_n at_o first_o sight_n seem_v to_o i_o a_o most_o extravagant_a paradox_n yet_o notwithstanding_o have_v satisfy_v myself_o of_o the_o whole_a business_n i_o send_v it_o in_o write_v to_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o most_o noble_a signore_v gio._n basadonna_n who_o after_o he_o have_v well_o consider_v my_o paper_n carry_v it_o to_o the_o council_n and_o after_o that_o those_o lord_n have_v for_o many_o month_n mature_o consider_v thereon_o they_o in_o the_o end_n resolve_v to_o suspend_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o diversion_n which_o they_o have_v before_o consult_v to_o make_v of_o the_o river_n sile_z and_o of_o four_o other_o river_n which_o also_o fall_v into_o the_o lake_n a_o thing_n by_o i_o blame_v in_o this_o second_o paper_n as_o most_o prejudicial_a and_o harmful_a the_o writing_n speak_v as_o follow_v consideration_n concern_v the_o lake_n of_o venice_n consideration_n ii_o if_o the_o discourse_v well_o about_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n most_o serene_a prince_n be_v as_o the_o carry_n of_o burden_n in_o which_o we_o see_v that_o a_o hundred_o horse_n carry_v a_o great_a weight_n than_o one_o horse_n only_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o one_o may_v make_v more_o account_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o many_o man_n than_o of_o one_o alone_a but_o because_o that_o discourse_v more_o resemble_v run_v than_o carry_v burden_n in_o which_o we_o see_v that_o one_o barb_n alone_o run_v fast_a than_o a_o hundred_o heavy-heeled_a jade_n therefore_o i_o have_v ever_o more_o esteem_v one_o conclusion_n well_o manage_v and_o well_o consider_v by_o one_o understanding_n man_n although_o alone_o than_o the_o common_a and_o vulgar_a opinion_n especial_o when_o they_o concern_v abstruse_a and_o arduous_a point_n nay_o in_o such_o case_n the_o opinion_n mould_v and_o frame_v by_o the_o most_o ignorant_a and_o stupid_a vulgar_a have_v be_v ever_o suspect_v by_o i_o as_o false_a for_o that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a wonder_n if_o in_o difficult_a matter_n a_o common_a capacity_n shall_v hit_v upon_o that_o which_o be_v handsome_a good_a and_o true_a hence_o i_o have_v and_o do_v hold_v in_o very_o great_a veneration_n the_o sum_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o most_o serene_a and_o eternal_a republic_n of_o venice_n which_o although_o as_o be_v in_o nature_n a_o commonwealth_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o great_a part_n yet_o nevertheless_o in_o arduous_a affair_n it_o be_v always_o direct_v by_o the_o grave_a judgement_n of_o few_o and_o not_o judge_v blind_o by_o the_o plebeian_n rout._n it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o that_o propound_v
brent_n be_v very_o muddy_a and_o therefore_o if_o it_o shall_v fall_v muddy_a into_o the_o lake_n the_o sand_n will_v sink_v and_o fill_v up_o the_o same_o touch_v the_o first_o query_n enough_o have_v be_v say_v in_o my_o first_o consideration_n where_o i_o have_v plain_o discover_v the_o deceit_n of_o the_o argument_n and_o show_v its_o fallacy_n it_o remain_v now_o to_o examine_v the_o second_o to_o which_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o say_v that_o one_o of_o the_o first_o thing_n that_o i_o propose_v in_o this_o affair_n be_v that_o i_o hold_v it_o impossible_a to_o do_v any_o act_n though_o never_o so_o beneficial_a that_o be_v not_o also_o accompany_v by_o some_o inconvenience_n and_o mischief_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v well_o the_o profit_n and_o the_o loss_n and_o prejudice_n and_o they_o both_o be_v weigh_v we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o choose_v the_o lesser_a evil_a second_o i_o admit_v it_o to_o be_v most_o true_a that_o brent_n be_v at_o some_o time_n muddy_a but_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o year_n it_o be_v not_o muddy_a three_o i_o do_v not_o see_v nor_o understand_v what_o strength_n this_o objection_n have_v be_v take_v so_o at_o large_a and_o in_o general_a and_o methinks_v that_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o say_v that_o the_o brent_n run_v muddy_a and_o to_o assert_v that_o it_o depose_v its_o muddinesse_n in_o the_o lake_n but_o we_o ought_v moreover_o to_o proceed_v to_o particular_n and_o show_v how_o much_o this_o mud_n be_v and_o in_o what_o time_n this_o choke_n up_o of_o the_o port_n may_v be_v effect_v for_o the_o reason_n be_v but_o too_o apparent_a and_o particular_a that_o conclude_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o lake_n and_o that_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n for_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o day_n the_o water_n diversion_n be_v make_v and_o moreover_o we_o have_v the_o circumstance_n of_o a_o experiment_n the_o state_n of_o thing_n be_v observe_v to_o have_v grow_v worse_o since_o the_o say_a diversion_n and_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o in_o case_n the_o diversion_n of_o the_o sile_z and_o the_o other_o river_n shall_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n the_o lake_n will_v in_o a_o few_o day_n become_v almost_o dry_a and_o the_o port_n will_v be_v lose_v with_o other_o mischievous_a consequence_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n although_o that_o we_o do_v grant_v the_o choke_n of_o they_o we_o may_v very_o probable_o say_v that_o it_o will_v not_o happen_v save_v only_o in_o the_o succession_n of_o many_o and_o many_o century_n of_o year_n nor_o can_v i_o think_v it_o prudent_a counsel_n to_o take_v a_o resolution_n and_o embrace_v a_o design_n now_o to_o obtain_v a_o benefit_n very_o uncertain_a and_o more_o than_o that_o which_o only_o shall_v concern_v those_o who_o be_v to_o come_v very_o many_o age_n after_o we_o and_o thereby_o bring_v a_o certain_a inconvenience_n upon_o ourselves_o and_o upon_o our_o child_n that_o be_v now_o alive_a and_o present_a let_v it_o be_v allege_v therefore_o although_o i_o hold_v it_o false_a that_o by_o the_o diversion_n of_o the_o river_n the_o lake_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o good_a condition_n for_o several_a year_n to_o come_v but_o i_o say_v confident_o and_o hope_v to_o demonstrate_v it_o that_o the_o diversion_n will_v bring_v the_o lake_n even_o in_o our_o day_n to_o be_v almost_o dry_a and_o at_o least_o will_v leave_v so_o little_a water_n in_o it_o that_o it_o shall_v cease_v to_o be_v navigable_a and_o the_o port_n shall_v most_o infallible_o be_v choke_v up_o i_o will_v therefore_o say_v upon_o experience_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o objection_n that_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a first_o well_n to_o discourse_n and_o rational_o to_o particularize_v and_o ascertain_v the_o best_a that_o may_v be_v this_o point_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o this_o sink_a mud_n or_o sand._n now_o i_o fear_v i_o shall_v make_v myself_o ridiculous_a to_o those_o who_o measure_v the_o thing_n of_o nature_n with_o the_o shallowness_n of_o their_o brain_n do_v think_v that_o it_o be_v absolute_o impossible_a to_o make_v this_o enquiry_n and_o will_v say_v unto_o i_o quis_fw-la mensus_fw-la est_fw-la pugillo_fw-la aquas_fw-la &_o terram_fw-la palmo_fw-la ponderavit_fw-la yet_o nevertheless_o i_o will_v propound_v a_o way_n whereby_o at_o least_o in_o gross_a one_o may_v find_v out_o the_o same_o take_v a_o vessel_n of_o cylindrical_a figure_n hold_v two_o barrel_n of_o water_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o then_o fill_v it_o with_o the_o water_n of_o brent_n at_o its_o mouth_n or_o fall_n into_o the_o lake_n but_o in_o the_o lake_n at_o the_o time_n that_o the_o brent_n run_v muddy_a and_o after_o it_o have_v begin_v to_o run_v muddy_a for_o eight_o or_o ten_o hour_n to_o give_v the_o mud_n time_n to_o go_v as_o far_o as_o s._n nicolo_n to_o issue_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n take_v another_o vessel_n like_a and_o equal_a to_o the_o first_o and_o fill_v it_o with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n towards_o s._n nicolo_n but_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o operation_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o water_n go_v out_o and_o when_o the_o sea_n be_v calm_a and_o then_o when_o the_o water_n shall_v have_v settle_v in_o the_o aforesaid_a vessel_n take_v out_o the_o clear_a water_n and_o consider_v the_o quantity_n of_o sand_n that_o remain_v behind_o and_o let_v it_o be_v set_v down_o or_o keep_v in_o mind_n and_o i_o be_o easy_o induce_v to_o think_v that_o that_o shall_v be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o sand_n which_o shall_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o first_o vessel_n than_o that_o leave_v in_o the_o second_o vessel_n afterward_o when_o the_o brent_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v clear_a let_v both_o the_o operation_n be_v repeat_v and_o observe_v the_o quantity_n of_o sand_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a vessel_n for_o if_o the_o sand_n in_o the_o first_o vessel_n shall_v be_v most_o it_o will_v be_v a_o sign_n that_o in_o the_o revolution_n of_o a_o year_n the_o brent_n will_v depose_v sand_n in_o the_o lake_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n one_o may_v calculate_v to_o a_o small_a matter_n what_o proportion_n the_o sand_n that_o enter_v into_o the_o lake_n have_v to_o that_o which_o remain_v and_o by_o that_o proportion_n one_o may_v judge_v how_o expedient_a it_o shall_v be_v for_o public_a benefit_n and_o if_o at_o several_a time_n of_o the_o year_n you_o careful_o repeat_v the_o same_o operation_n or_o rather_o observation_n you_o will_v come_v to_o a_o more_o exact_a knowledge_n in_o this_o business_n and_o it_o will_v be_v good_a to_o make_v the_o say_a operation_n at_o those_o time_n when_o the_o lake_n be_v disturb_v by_o strong_a high_a wind_n and_o make_v muddy_a by_o its_o own_o mud_n raise_v by_o the_o commotion_n of_o the_o water_n this_o notion_n will_v give_v we_o great_a light_n if_o the_o same_o observation_n shall_v be_v make_v towards_o the_o mouth_n of_o lio_o at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o water_n flow_v and_o ebb_n in_o calm_a season_n for_o so_o one_o shall_v come_v to_o know_v whether_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v more_o thick_a at_o the_o go_v out_o than_o at_o the_o entrance_n i_o have_v propound_v the_o forego_n way_n of_o measure_v sand_n and_o mud_n to_o show_v that_o we_o be_v not_o so_o general_o and_o inconsiderate_o to_o pronounce_v any_o sentence_n but_o proceed_v to_o strict_a inquiry_n and_o then_o deliberate_v what_o shall_v be_v most_o expedient_a to_o be_v do_v other_o may_v propose_v more_o exquisite_a examination_n but_o this_o shall_v serve_v i_o for_o the_o present_a i_o will_v add_v only_o that_o if_o any_o one_o have_v great_a curiosity_n it_o will_v be_v profitable_a to_o have_v it_o in_o investigate_a more_o exact_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o enter_v into_o the_o lake_n by_o the_o mean_n that_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n when_o he_o shall_v have_v find_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o sand_n or_o mud_n he_o shall_v come_v to_o know_v how_o much_o sand_n the_o brent_n shall_v leave_v in_o the_o lake_n in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n but_o to_o perform_v these_o thing_n there_o be_v require_v person_n of_o discretion_n and_o fidelity_n and_o that_o be_v employ_v by_o public_a order_n for_o there_o will_v thence_o result_v eminent_a benefit_n and_o profit_n here_o be_v want_v letter_n from_o several_a person_n to_o the_o reverend_a father_n francisco_n di_fw-mi s._n giuseppe_n in_o execution_n of_o the_o command_n that_o you_o lay_v upon_o i_o in_o your_o former_a letter_n by_o order_n from_o the_o most_o serene_a my_o lord_n prince_n leopold_n that_o i_o shall_v speak_v my_o judgement_n concern_v the_o disimboguement_fw-fr of_o
the_o river_n call_v fiume_n morto_fw-la whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v let_v into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o serchio_n i_o say_v that_o i_o chance_v 18._o year_n since_o to_o be_v present_a when_o the_o say_a mouth_n be_v open_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o of_o serchio_n stop_v which_o work_n be_v do_v to_o remedy_v the_o great_a innundation_n that_o be_v make_v in_o all_o that_o country_n and_o plain_a of_o pisa_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o river_n arno_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o s._n giuliano_n and_o the_o river_n serchio_n which_o plain_o continue_v long_o under_o water_n insomuch_o that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o winter_n but_o also_o for_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o summer_n those_o field_n be_v overflow_v and_o when_o that_o the_o mouth_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v effectual_o open_v into_o the_o sea_n the_o place_n be_v present_o free_v from_o the_o water_n and_o drain_v to_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o those_o ground_n and_o here_o i_o judge_v it_o worth_a your_o notice_n that_o for_o the_o generality_n of_o those_o that_o possess_v estate_n in_o those_o part_n they_o desire_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-it may_v stand_v open_a to_o the_o sea_n and_o those_o who_o will_v have_v it_o open_a into_o serchio_n be_v person_n that_o have_v no_o other_o concernment_n there_o save_o the_o hope_n of_o gain_v by_o have_v the_o dispose_n of_o commission_n and_o the_o like_a &c_n &c_n but_o for_o the_o more_o plain_a understanding_n of_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v say_v it_o must_v be_v know_v that_o the_o resolution_n of_o open_v the_o say_a mouth_n into_o serchio_n be_v take_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n ferdinando_n the_o first_o upon_o the_o same_o motive_n that_o be_v at_o this_o time_n again_o propose_v as_o your_o letter_n tell_v i_o since_o that_o it_o manifest_o appear_v that_o fiume_n morto_fw-la have_v and_o have_v its_o mouth_n open_a to_o the_o sea_n the_o plain_n have_v be_v keep_v dry_a and_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o south_n and_o south-west-wind_n carry_v such_o abundance_n of_o sand_n into_o the_o mouth_n or_o outlet_a of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la that_o it_o whole_o stop_v it_o up_o especial_o when_o the_o water_n on_o pisa_n side_n be_v low_a and_o shallow_a and_o they_o think_v that_o turn_v the_o lake_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la into_o serchio_n and_o the_o serchio_n maintain_v continual_o its_o own_o mouth_n with_o the_o force_n of_o its_o water_n open_a to_o the_o sea_n and_o consequent_o also_o fiume_n morto_fw-la they_o will_v have_v have_v the_o outlet_a clear_a and_o open_a and_o in_o this_o manner_n they_o think_v that_o the_o plain_a of_o pisa_n will_v have_v be_v free_v from_o the_o water_n the_o business_n pass_v for_o current_n at_o first_o sight_n but_o experience_n prove_v the_o contrary_a and_o reason_n confirm_v the_o same_o for_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n of_o those_o plain_n be_v regulate_v by_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la that_o be_v the_o water_n at_o the_o mouth_n be_v high_a the_o water_n also_o do_v rise_v in_o the_o field_n and_o when_o the_o water_n at_o the_o mouth_n be_v low_a the_o water_n of_o the_o field_n do_v likewise_o abate_v nor_o be_v it_o enough_o to_o say_v that_o the_o outlet_a or_o vent_v of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v continual_a but_o it_o must_v be_v very_o low_a now_o if_o fiume_n morto_fw-la do_v determine_v in_o serchio_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o will_v determine_v high_a for_o serchio_n terminate_a in_o the_o sea_n when_o ever_o it_o more_o and_o more_o abound_v with_o water_n and_o riseth_z it_o be_v necessary_a that_o also_o fiume_n morto_fw-la have_v its_o level_n high_a and_o consequent_o shall_v keep_v the_o water_n in_o the_o plain_n high_o nay_o it_o have_v happen_v sometime_o and_o i_o speak_v it_o upon_o my_o own_o sight_n that_o fiume_n morto_fw-la have_v reverse_v its_o course_n upward_o 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strange_a and_o unlikely_a to_o many_o other_o the_o point_n be_v that_o i_o say_v that_o by_o raise_v the_o level_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la one_o half_a brace_n only_o at_o its_o mouth_n it_o will_v penipenitrate_v into_o serchio_n far_a than_o it_o will_v into_o the_o sea_n it_o shall_v cause_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v three_o or_o perhaps_o more_o brace_n upon_o the_o field_n towards_o pisa_n and_o still_o more_o by_o degree_n as_o they_o shall_v recede_v far_o from_o the_o seaside_n and_o thus_o there_o will_v follow_v very_o great_a inundation_n and_o considerable_a mischief_n and_o to_o know_v that_o this_o be_v true_a you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o accident_n which_o i_o give_v warning_n of_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o run_v water_n where_o also_o i_o give_v the_o reason_n thereof_o 1._o coral_n 14._o the_o accident_n be_v this_o that_o there_o come_v a_o land-flood_n for_o example_n into_o arno_n which_o make_v it_o to_o rise_v above_o its_o 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of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la and_o that_o of_o serchio_n by_o a_o little_a trench_n to_o see_v what_o advantage_n the_o level_n e_o hath_z upon_o the_o level_n i_o do_v not_o give_v i_o full_a satisfaction_n take_v so_o particular_o for_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o sometime_o e_z may_v be_v high_o and_o sometime_o a_o low_a and_o i_o do_v not_o question_v but_o that_o when_o serchio_n be_v low_a and_o fiume_n morto_fw-la full_a of_o water_n the_o level_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-it will_v be_v high_a than_o that_o of_o serchio_n but_o serchio_n be_v full_a and_o fiume_n morto_fw-la scant_a of_o water_n the_o contrary_n will_v follow_v if_o the_o mouth_n shall_v be_v open_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o here_o it_o shall_v seem_v to_o i_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o there_o be_v as_o much_o advantage_n from_o e_o to_o the_o sea_n through_o the_o little_a trench_n open_v anew_o into_o serchio_n as_o from_o e_o to_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o mouth_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la but_o the_o difficulty_n which_o be_v that_o we_o be_v to_o regard_v in_o our_o case_n be_v that_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n through_o the_o trench_n be_v three_o time_n long_o than_o the_o course_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o the_o draught_n or_o plat_v which_o you_o send_v i_o which_o i_o know_v to_o be_v very_o exact_o draw_v for_o that_o the_o situation_n of_o those_o place_n be_v fresh_a in_o my_o memory_n here_o i_o must_v give_v notice_n that_o the_o water_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la determine_v through_o the_o trench_n in_o serchio_n the_o water_n of_o which_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v for_o certain_a never_o so_o low_a as_o the_o sea_n their_o pendency_n or_o declivity_n shall_v for_o two_o cause_n be_v less_o than_o the_o pendency_n of_o those_o water_n through_o the_o mouth_n towards_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v because_o of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n through_o the_o trench_n and_o because_o of_o the_o height_n of_o their_o entrance_n into_o serchio_n a_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o very_o great_a import_n in_o discharge_v the_o water_n which_o come_v sudden_o as_o he_o shall_v plain_o see_v who_o shall_v have_v understand_v my_o book_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o run_v water_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o all_o the_o country_n do_v grow_v dry_a upon_o the_o open_n of_o the_o mouth_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o here_o i_o propose_v to_o consideration_n that_o which_o the_o peasant_n about_o pisa_n relate_v namely_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o field_n do_v no_o considerable_a harm_n by_o continue_v there_o five_o or_o six_o yea_o or_o eight_o day_n and_o therefore_o the_o work_n of_o the_o country_n be_v to_o open_v the_o mouth_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la in_o such_o manner_n that_o the_o water_n be_v come_v they_o may_v have_v the_o trench_n free_a and_o ready_a when_o that_o the_o water_n come_v it_o may_v have_v a_o free_a drain_v and_o may_v not_o stay_v there_o above_o eight_o or_o nine_o day_n for_o then_o the_o overflowing_n become_v hurtful_a it_o be_v to_o be_v desire_v also_o that_o if_o any_o proposition_n be_v produce_v touch_v these_o affair_n it_o may_v be_v propound_v the_o most_o distinct_o that_o may_v be_v possible_a and_o not_o consist_v in_o general_n especial_o when_o the_o dispute_n be_v of_o the_o rise_n of_o velocity_n of_o tardity_n of_o much_o and_o little_a water_n thing_n that_o be_v all_o to_o be_v specify_v by_o measure_n 6._o your_o letter_n say_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o signore_v bartolotti_n confess_v that_o if_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o fiume_n morto_fw-it may_v always_o be_v keep_v open_a it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o let_v it_o continue_v as_o it_o be_v the_o which_o that_o i_o may_v not_o yield_v to_o he_o in_o courtesy_n i_o confess_v for_o the_o keep_n it_o stop_v on_o all_o side_n will_v be_v a_o thing_n most_o pernicious_a but_o admit_v of_o his_o confession_n i_o again_o reply_n that_o fiume_n morto_fw-it ought_v not_o to_o be_v let_v into_o serchio_n but_o immediate_o into_o the_o sea_n because_o although_o sometime_o the_o mouth_n to_o seaward_n be_v stop_v up_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o bank_n above_o the_o plain_n which_o be_v all_o the_o business_n of_o importance_n shall_v be_v ever_o lesser_a if_o we_o make_v use_v of_o the_o mouth_n lead_v to_o the_o sea_n than_o use_v that_o of_o serchio_n 7._o i_o will_v not_o omit_v to_o mention_v a_o kind_n of_o scruple_n that_o i_o have_v concern_v the_o position_n of_o sign_n bartolotti_n that_o be_v where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o two_o mouth_n a_o and_o d_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o like_a mouth_n into_o the_o sea_n now_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o mouth_n a_o of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la into_o serchio_n be_v absolute_o within_o serchio_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v make_v low_a and_o be_v regulate_v by_o the_o height_n of_o serchio_n but_o the_o mouth_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la terminate_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o terminate_v in_o the_o sea_n itself_o the_o low_a place_n and_o this_o i_o believe_v be_v very_o well_o perceive_v by_o sig._n bartolotti_n but_o i_o can_v tell_v why_o he_o pass_v it_o over_o without_o declare_v it_o and_o we_o see_v not_o that_o the_o mouth_n d_o fall_v far_a from_o the_o sea_n which_o mouth_n ought_v to_o be_v let_v into_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o so_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o mouth_n into_o the_o sea_n more_o clear_o appear_v 8._o that_o which_o sig._n bartolotti_n add_v that_o when_o it_o be_v high_a water_n at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o water_n be_v out_o and_o when_o wind_n choke_v up_o fiume_n morto_fw-la they_o not_o only_o retard_v it_o but_o return_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o very_o leisurely_o persuade_v i_o more_o ready_o to_o believe_v that_o sig._n bartolotti_n know_v very_o well_o that_o the_o mouth_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la let_v into_o serchio_n be_v hurtful_a for_o by_o this_o he_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o mouth_n towards_o the_o sea_n do_v in_o such_o sort_n drain_v the_o country_n of_o the_o water_n as_o that_o they_o become_v very_o low_a and_o therefore_o upon_o every_o little_a impetus_fw-la the_o water_n turn_v their_o course_n and_o from_o the_o motion_n be_v exceed_v slow_a be_v infer_v that_o the_o abundance_n of_o sea-water_n that_o come_v into_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v so_o much_o as_o be_v believe_v and_o as_o sig._n bartolotti_n affirm_v 9_o after_o that_o sig._n bartolotti_n have_v say_v what_o he_o promise_v above_o namely_o that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v strong_o do_v stop_v up_o fiume_n morto_fw-la and_o not_o only_o retard_v but_o turn_v the_o course_n upward_o the_o time_n be_v rainy_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la shut_v up_o the_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n pass_v over_o the_o bank_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la at_o that_o time_n say_v signore_v bartolotti_n the_o champain_n shall_v know_v the_o benefit_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la discharge_v into_o serchio_n and_o the_o mouth_n a_o shall_v stand_v always_o open_a and_o fiume_n morto_fw-it may_v always_o constant_o run_v out_o as_o also_o the_o rain_n and_o rain-water_n although_o the_o hurtful_a tempest_n shall_v last_v many_o day_n etc._n etc._n and_o i_o reply_v that_o all_o the_o art_n consist_v in_o this_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o those_o field_n do_v not_o depend_v on_o or_o consist_v in_o say_v that_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v always_o open_a and_o fiume_n morto_fw-la drain_v continual_o but_o all_o the_o business_n of_o profit_n lie_v and_o consist_v in_o maintain_v the_o water_n low_a in_o those_o plain_n and_o those_o ditch_n which_o shall_v never_o be_v effect_v whilst_o the_o world_n stand_v if_o you_o let_v fiume_n morto_fw-la into_o serchio_n but_o yet_o it_o may_v by_o open_v the_o mouth_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o much_o reason_n and_o nature_n prove_v and_o which_o import_v experience_n confirm_v 10._o in_o the_o ten_o place_n i_o come_v to_o consider_v the_o answer_n that_o be_v make_v to_o another_o proposition_n in_o the_o letter_n which_o i_o write_v to_o father_n francisco_n which_o prudent_o of_o itself_o alone_a may_v serve_v to_o clear_v this_o whole_a business_n i_o say_v in_o my_o letter_n that_o great_a account_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o every_o small_a rise_n and_o ebb_v of_o the_o water_n near_o to_o the_o sea_n in_o fiume_n morto_fw-la for_o that_o these_o rise_n and_o fall_n although_o that_o they_o be_v small_a near_o to_o the_o seaside_n yet_o nevertheless_o they_o operate_v and_o be_v accompany_v by_o notable_a rise_n and_o fall_n within_o land_n and_o far_o from_o the_o seaside_n and_o i_o have_v declare_v by_o a_o example_n of_o arno_n in_o which_o a_o land-flood_n fall_v that_o make_v it_o increase_v above_o its_o ordinary_a
height_n within_o pisa_n six_o or_o seven_o brace_n that_o this_o height_n of_o the_o same_o flood_n become_v still_o lesser_a the_o near_o we_o approach_v to_o the_o seacoast_n nor_o shall_v the_o say_a river_n be_v raise_v hardly_o half_a a_o brace_n whereupon_o it_o necessry_o follow_v that_o if_o i_o shall_v return_v to_o the_o seaside_n and_o not_o know_v any_o think_v of_o that_o which_o happen_v at_o pisa_n and_o see_v the_o river_n arno_n raise_v by_o a_o land-flood_n half_a a_o brace_n i_o may_v confident_o affirm_v the_o say_a river_n to_o be_v raise_v in_o pisa_n those_o six_o or_o seven_o brace_n etc._n etc._n from_o such_o like_a accident_n i_o conclude_v in_o the_o same_o letter_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v great_a account_n of_o every_o little_a rise_n that_o fiume_n morto_fw-it shall_v make_v towards_o the_o sea_n now_o come_v bartolotti_n and_o perhaps_o because_o i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o express_v myself_o better_a understand_v not_o my_o proposition_n and_o speak_v that_o which_o indeed_o be_v true_a but_o yet_o beside_o our_o case_n nor_o have_v i_o ever_o say_v the_o contrary_a and_o withal_o do_v not_o apply_v it_o to_o his_o purpose_n nay_o i_o say_v that_o if_o he_o have_v well_o apply_v it_o this_o alone_o have_v be_v able_a to_o have_v make_v he_o change_v his_o opinion_n and_o because_o he_o say_v that_o i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v true_a when_o the_o abatement_n proceed_v from_o some_o cause_n above_o as_o namely_o by_o rain_n or_o open_v of_o lake_n but_o when_o the_o cause_n be_v from_o below_o that_o be_v by_o some_o stop_n as_o for_o instance_n some_o fisher_n wear_v or_o lock_n or_o some_o impediment_n remote_a from_o the_o sea_n although_o at_o the_o level_n it_o shall_v rise_v some_o brace_n where_o the_o impediment_n be_v yet_o that_o rise_n shall_v go_v upward_o and_o here_o he_o finish_v his_o discourse_n and_o conclude_v not_o any_o thing_n more_o to_o which_o i_o say_v first_o that_o i_o have_v also_o say_v the_o same_o in_o the_o proposition_n namely_o that_o a_o flood_n come_v which_o make_v arno_n to_o rise_v in_o pisa_n six_o or_o seven_o brace_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o superior_a cause_n whether_o it_o be_v rain_n or_o the_o open_n of_o lake_n as_o best_o please_v bartolotti_n in_o such_o a_o case_n i_o say_v and_o in_o no_o other_o for_o towards_o the_o seacoast_n it_o shall_v not_o cause_v a_o rise_n of_o full_a half_a a_o brace_n and_o therefore_o see_v arno_n at_o the_o seaside_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o a_o flood_n whether_o of_o rain_n or_o of_o open_v of_o lake_n half_a a_o brace_n it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o at_o pisa_n it_o shall_v be_v raise_v those_o six_o or_o seven_o brace_n which_o variety_n well_o consider_v explain_v all_o this_o affair_n in_o favour_n of_o my_o opinion_n for_o the_o rise_n that_o be_v make_v by_o the_o impediment_n place_v below_o of_o fish_v wear_v and_o lock_n operate_v at_o the_o beginning_n raise_v the_o water_n that_o be_v near_o to_o the_o impediment_n and_o afterward_o less_o and_o less_o as_o we_o retire_v upward_o from_o the_o impediment_n provide_v yet_o that_o we_o speak_v not_o of_o a_o flood_n that_o come_v by_o accession_n but_o only_o of_o the_o ordinary_a water_n impede_v but_o there_o be_v a_o new_a accession_n as_o in_o our_o case_n than_o the_o water_n of_o the_o flood_n i_o say_v shall_v make_v a_o great_a rise_n in_o the_o part_n superior_a far_o from_o the_o impediment_n and_o these_o impediment_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v those_o that_o shall_v overflow_v the_o plain_n as_o happen_v eighteen_o or_o nineteen_o year_n ago_o before_o the_o open_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la into_o the_o sea_n the_o same_o will_v certain_o follow_v if_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v let_v into_o serchio_n here_o i_o can_v allege_v a_o very_a pretty_a case_n that_o befall_v i_o in_o la_fw-fr latium_n campagna_n di_fw-it roma_fw-it near_o to_o the_o seaside_n where_o i_o drain_v a_o bog_n or_o fen_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n of_o pisa_n and_o i_o succeed_v in_o the_o enterprise_n the_o water_n in_o their_o site_n towards_o the_o sea_n abate_v only_o three_o palm_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o fen_n they_o fall_v more_o than_o fifteen_o palm_n but_o the_o business_n will_v be_v long_o and_o not_o so_o easy_o to_o be_v declare_v and_o i_o be_o certain_a that_o sig._n bartolotti_n have_v consider_v this_o will_v alter_v his_o judgement_n and_o withal_o will_v know_v that_o remit_v that_o impediment_n anew_o which_o i_o have_v leave_v for_o less_o than_o three_o ●almes_n towards_o the_o sea_n the_o water_n in_o the_o fen_n will_v return_v with_o the_o first_o flood_n and_o rain_n to_o the_o same_o height_n as_o before_o as_o likewise_o fiume_n morto_fw-la will_n do_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v let_v again_o into_o serchio_n here_o i_o entreat_v your_o honour_n to_o do_v i_o the_o favour_n to_o importune_v p._n francisco_n in_o my_o behalf_n that_o he_o will_v be_v please_v to_o deelare_v my_o meaning_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a letter_n to_o sig._n bartolotti_n for_o i_o hope_v that_o if_o he_o will_v understand_v this_o point_n he_o will_v be_v no_o long_o so_o tenacious_a in_o his_o opinion_n next_o that_o these_o lord_n in_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n with_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o marquesse_n of_o s._n angelo_n and_o your_o honour_n do_v approve_v of_o my_o judgement_n do_v very_o much_o rejoice_v i_o but_o because_o that_o i_o know_v that_o they_o do_v it_o not_o in_o design_n to_o compliment_v i_o but_o only_o to_o serve_v his_o highness_n our_o grand_a duke_n i_o free_o profess_v that_o i_o will_v pretend_v no_o far_o obligation_n from_o they_o therein_o than_o i_o account_v myself_o to_o owe_v to_o those_o who_o opinion_n be_v contrary_a to_o i_o for_o that_o i_o know_v that_o they_o have_v the_o same_o end_n the_o definitive_a sentence_n of_o this_o whole_a business_n be_v that_o they_o give_v these_o plain_n these_o drain_v and_o these_o water_n far_o fetch_v appellation_n 11._o as_o to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o fiume_n morto_fw-la discharge_v into_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v very_o great_a dispute_n about_o it_o and_o i_o have_v be_v present_a at_o some_o of_o they_o but_o let_v your_o honour_n believe_v i_o that_o as_o this_o be_v not_o continual_a but_o only_o during_o a_o few_o day_n so_o it_o will_v never_o be_v of_o any_o great_a prejudice_n to_o these_o field_n and_o if_o your_o lordship_n will_v be_v ascertain_v thereof_o you_o may_v please_v to_o go_v to_o fiume_n morto_fw-la at_o about_o a_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o time_n of_o these_o strong_a wind_n and_o observe_v the_o current_n from_o thence_o upward_o for_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o extreme_a slow_a and_o consequent_o will_v know_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v repulse_v be_v very_o small_a and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v contradict_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o rise_n proceed_v from_o cause_n below_o which_o occasion_n no_o considerable_a alteration_n far_o from_o the_o sea_n i_o be_o necessitate_v to_o go_v to_o morrow_n out_o of_o rome_n with_o his_o eminence_n cardinal_n gaetano_n about_o certain_a affair_n touch_v water_n therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o far_o enlarge_v but_o for_o a_o close_a to_o this_o tedious_a discourse_n i_o conclude_v in_o few_o word_n that_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v let_v into_o serchio_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o mean_n intermediate_v course_n to_o be_v take_v for_o they_o will_v always_o be_v prejudicial_a but_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v to_o be_v discharge_v immediate_o into_o the_o sea_n when_o it_o be_v stop_v up_o by_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o sea-wave_n i_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o open_v it_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o occasion_n to_o open_v it_o it_o be_v easy_o do_v as_o for_o the_o rest_n your_o lordship_n may_v please_v to_o keep_v account_n of_o all_o the_o particular_n that_o occur_v for_o the_o memory_n of_o thing_n past_a be_v our_o tutoress_n in_o those_o that_o be_v to_o come_v if_o occasion_n shall_v offer_v i_o entreat_v you_o to_o bow_v humble_o in_o my_o name_n to_o his_o highness_n the_o grand_a duke_n and_o the_o most_o serene_a prince_n leopold_n and_o to_o attend_v the_o service_n of_o their_o highness_n for_o you_o serve_v prince_n of_o extraordinary_a merit_n and_o to_o who_o i_o myself_o be_o also_o exceed_o oblige_v in_o the_o controversy_n that_o arise_v respect_v the_o pious_a end_n of_o speak_v the_o truth_n for_o then_o every_o thing_n will_v succeed_v happy_o i_o kiss_v the_o hand_n of_o padre_n francisco_n of_o sig._n bartolotti_n and_o of_o your_o lordship_n rome_n 14._o march_n 1642._o your_o honour_n most_o oblige_v
distend_v for_o to_o this_o instance_n we_o answer_v with_o that_o which_o we_o have_v give_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o first_o consideration_n touch_v the_o lake_n of_o venice_n treat_v of_o the_o abatement_n that_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o brent_n let_v into_o the_o lake_n and_o moreover_o if_o i_o shall_v add_v thereto_o that_o which_o i_o write_v in_o the_o second_o consideration_n it_o will_v be_v very_o apparent_a how_o great_o harmful_a and_o prejudicial_a these_o excursion_n of_o water_n from_o fiume_n sisto_n may_v be_v which_o be_v not_o keep_v under_o and_o confine_v within_o the_o river_n therefore_o proceed_v to_o the_o provision_n and_o operation_n that_o be_v to_o be_v account_v principal_a i_o reduce_v they_o to_o three_o head_n in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o throw_v down_o those_o wear_v and_o to_o take_v the_o pisciaries_n quite_o away_o observe_v a_o maxim_n in_o my_o judgement_n infallible_a that_o fish_v and_o sow_v be_v two_o thing_n that_o can_v never_o consist_v together_o fish_v being_n on_o the_o water_n and_o sow_v on_o land_n second_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o cut_v under_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n those_o weed_n and_o plant_n that_o grow_v and_o increase_v in_o the_o river_n and_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o stream_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v these_o reed_n shall_v not_o spring_v up_o and_o distend_v along_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o beast_n tread_v upon_o they_o and_o the_o same_o aught_o to_o be_v do_v often_o and_o with_o care_n and_o must_v not_o be_v delay_v till_o the_o mischief_n increase_v and_o the_o champain_n ground_n be_v drown_v but_o one_o ought_v to_o order_v matter_n so_o as_o that_o they_o may_v not_o drown_v and_o i_o will_v affirm_v that_o otherwise_o this_o principal_a point_n will_v become_v a_o most_o considerable_a inconvenience_n three_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v good_a the_o bank_n of_o fiume_n sisto_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o to_o procure_v that_o those_o water_n may_v run_v in_o the_o channel_n and_o not_o break_v forth_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o do_v one_o or_o two_o of_o those_o thing_n but_o we_o be_v to_o put_v they_o all_o in_o execution_n for_o omit_v any_o thing_n the_o whole_a machine_n will_v be_v out_o of_o tune_n and_o spoil_v but_o proceed_v with_o due_a care_n you_o shall_v not_o only_a drain_n the_o pontine_n fen_n but_o by_o mean_n of_o this_o last_o particular_a the_o current_n of_o fiume_n sisto_n shall_v scour_v its_o own_o channel_n of_o its_o self_n even_o to_o the_o carry_v part_n of_o it_o away_o and_o haply_o with_o this_o abundance_n of_o water_n that_o it_o shall_v bear_v the_o mouth_n della_fw-it torre_n may_v be_v open_v and_o keep_v open_a into_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o will_v last_o of_o all_o be_v of_o admirable_a benefit_n to_o cleanse_v fiume_n sisto_n from_o many_o tree_n and_o bush_n wherewith_o it_o be_v overgrow_v and_o with_o this_o i_o conclude_v that_o the_o improvement_n or_o drain_n possible_a to_o be_v make_v consist_v in_o these_o three_o particular_n first_o in_o take_v away_o the_o fish_n wear_v leave_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n free_a second_o in_o keep_v the_o principal_a river_n clear_a from_o weed_n and_o plant_n three_o in_o keep_v the_o water_n of_o fiume_n sisto_n in_o its_o own_o channel_n all_o which_o be_v thing_n that_o may_v be_v do_v with_o very_o little_a charge_n and_o to_o the_o manifest_a benefit_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n and_o to_o the_o render_v the_o air_n wholesome_o in_o all_o those_o place_n adjoin_v to_o the_o pontine_n fen_n a_o consideration_n upon_o the_o draining_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o bologna_n ferrara_n and_o romagna_fw-la by_o d._n benedetto_n castelli_n abbot_n of_o s._n benedetto_n aloisio_n mathematician_n to_o p._n vrban_n viii_o and_o professor_n in_o the_o university_n of_o rome_n the_o weghty_a business_n of_o the_o draining_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o bologna_n ferrara_n and_o romagna_n have_v be_v punctual_o handle_v and_o declare_v in_o write_v from_o the_o excellent_a memory_n of_o the_o right_n honourable_a and_o noble_a monsignore_n corsini_n who_o be_v heretofore_o depute_a commissary_n general_n and_o visitor_n of_o those_o water_n i_o be_o not_o able_a to_o make_v such_o another_o discourse_n upon_o the_o same_o subject_a but_o will_v only_o say_v somewhat_o for_o far_a confirmation_n of_o that_o which_o i_o have_v say_v in_o this_o book_n upon_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n upon_o the_o pontine_n fen_n and_o upon_o the_o draining_n of_o those_o plain_n of_o pisa_n lie_v between_o the_o river_n arno_n and_o serchio_n whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o all_o the_o aforementioned_a case_n and_o in_o the_o present_a one_o that_o we_o be_v in_o hand_n with_o there_o have_v in_o time_n past_a very_o gross_a error_n be_v commit_v through_o the_o not_o have_v ever_o well_o understand_v the_o true_a measure_n of_o run_v water_n and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o business_n be_v that_o in_o venice_n the_o diversion_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n by_o divert_v the_o brent_n be_v debate_v and_o in_o part_n execute_v without_o consideration_n have_v how_o great_a abatement_n of_o water_n may_v follow_v i●_n the_o lake_n if_o the_o brent_n be_v divert_v as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o first_o consideration_n upon_o this_o particular_a from_o which_o act_n there_o have_v ensue_v very_o bad_a consequence_n not_o only_o the_o difficulty_n of_o navigation_n but_o it_o have_v infect_v the_o wholsomnesse_n of_o the_o air_n and_o cause_v the_o stoppage_n of_o the_o port_n of_o venice_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o same_o inadvertency_n of_o not_o consider_v what_o rise_v of_o the_o water_n the_o reno_n and_o other_o river_n be_v open_v into_o the_o valley_n of_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n may_v cause_v in_o the_o say_a valley_n be_v the_o certain_a cause_n that_o so_o many_o rich_a and_o fertile_a field_n be_v drown_v under_o water_n convert_v the_o happy_a habitation_n and_o dwelling_n of_o man_n into_o miserable_a receptacle_n for_o fish_n thing_n which_o doubtless_o will_v never_o have_v happen_v if_o those_o river_n have_v be_v keep_v at_o their_o height_n and_o reno_n have_v be_v turn_v into_o main-po_n and_o the_o other_o river_n into_o that_o of_o argenta_n and_o of_o volano_n now_o there_o have_v sufficient_a be_v speak_v by_o the_o abovenamed_a monsig_n corsini_n in_o his_o relation_n i_o will_v only_o add_v one_o conceit_n of_o my_o own_o which_o after_o the_o river_n shall_v be_v regulate_v as_o have_v be_v say_v i_o very_o believe_v will_v be_v of_o extraordinary_a profit_n i_o much_o doubt_v indeed_o that_o i_o shall_v find_v it_o a_o hard_a matter_n to_o persuade_v man_n to_o be_v of_o my_o mind_n but_o yet_o nevertheless_o i_o will_v not_o question_v but_o that_o those_o at_o least_o who_o shall_v have_v understand_v what_o i_o have_v say_v and_o demonstrate_v concern_v the_o manner_n and_o proportion_n according_a to_o which_o the_o abatement_n and_o rise_n of_o running_n water_n proceed_v that_o be_v make_v by_o the_o diversion_n and_o introduction_n of_o water_n will_v apprehend_v that_o my_o conjecture_n be_v ground_v upon_o reason_n and_o although_o i_o descend_v not_o to_o the_o exactness_n of_o particular_n i_o will_v open_v the_o way_n to_o other_o who_o have_v observe_v the_o requisite_a rule_n of_o consider_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v introduce_v or_o that_o happen_v to_o be_v divert_v shall_v be_v able_a with_o punctuality_n to_o examine_v the_o whole_a business_n and_o then_o resolve_v on_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v expedient_a to_o be_v do_v reflect_v therefore_o upon_o the_o first_o proposition_n that_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o run_v water_n make_v by_o the_o accession_n of_o new_a water_n into_o the_o river_n be_v to_o one_o another_o as_o the_o square-root_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v and_o consequent_o that_o the_o same_o come_v to_o pass_v in_o the_o diversion_n insomuch_o that_o a_o river_n run_v in_o height_n one_o such_o a_o certain_a measure_n to_o make_v it_o increase_v double_a in_o height_n the_o water_n be_v to_o be_v increase_v to_o three_o time_n as_o much_o as_o it_o run_v before_o so_o that_o when_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v quadruple_a the_o height_n shall_v be_v double_a and_o if_o the_o water_n be_v centuple_a the_o height_n will_v be_v decuple_n only_o and_o so_o from_o one_o quantity_n to_o another_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o diversion_n if_o of_o the_o 100_o part_n of_o water_n that_o run_v through_o a_o river_n there_o shall_v be_v divert_v 19_o 1st_a the_o height_n of_o the_o river_n diminish_v only_o 1_o 10_o
and_o continue_v to_o divert_v 17_o 100_o the_o height_n of_o the_o river_n abate_v likewise_o 1_o 10_o and_o so_o proceed_v to_o divert_v 15_o 100_o and_o then_o 13_o 100_o and_o then_o 11_o 100_o and_o then_o 9_o 100_o and_o then_o 7_o 100_o and_o then_o 5_o 100_o and_o then_o 3_o 106_o always_o by_o each_o of_o these_o diversion_n the_o height_n of_o the_o run_v water_n diminish_v the_o ten_o part_n although_o that_o the_o diversion_n be_v so_o unequal_a reflect_v i_o say_v upon_o this_o infallible_a truth_n i_o have_v have_v a_o conceit_n that_o though_o the_o reno_n and_o other_o river_n be_v divert_v from_o the_o valley_n and_o there_o be_v only_o leave_v the_o channel_n of_o navigation_n which_o be_v only_o the_o 1_o 20_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a water_n that_o fall_v into_o the_o valley_n yet_o nevertheless_o the_o water_n in_o those_o same_o valley_n will_v retain_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o that_o height_n that_o become_v conjoin_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o all_o the_o river_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v think_v that_o it_o be_v the_o best_a resolution_n to_o maintain_v the_o channel_n of_o navigation_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a continuate_a unto_o the_o po_n of_o ferrara_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o po_n of_o volano_n for_o beside_o that_o it_o will_v be_v of_o very_o great_a ease_n in_o the_o navigation_n of_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n the_o say_a water_n will_v render_v the_o po_n of_o volano_n navigable_a as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o ferrara_n and_o consequent_o the_o navigation_n will_v be_v continuate_a from_o bologna_n to_o the_o seaside_n but_o to_o manage_v this_o enterprise_n well_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o measure_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o river_n discharge_v into_o the_o valley_n and_o that_o which_o the_o channel_n of_o navigation_n carry_v in_o manner_n as_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n for_o this_o once_o know_v we_o shall_v also_o come_v to_o know_v how_o profitable_a this_o diversion_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o navigation_n from_o the_o valley_n be_v like_a to_o prove_v which_o yet_o will_v still_o be_v unprofitable_a if_o so_o be_v that_o all_o the_o river_n that_o discharge_v their_o water_n into_o the_o valley_n shall_v not_o first_o be_v drain_v according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v above_o advertise_v abbot_n castelli_n in_o the_o present_a consideration_n refer_v himself_o to_o the_o relation_n of_o monsig_n corsini_n ground_v upon_o the_o observation_n and_o precept_n of_o the_o say_a abbot_n as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o present_a discourse_n i_o think_v it_o convenient_a for_o the_o complete_n of_o the_o work_n of_o our_o author_n upon_o these_o subject_n to_o insert_v it_o in_o this_o place_n a_o relation_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n by_o the_o right_n honourable_a and_o illustrious_a monsignore_n corsini_n a_o native_a of_o tuscany_n superintendent_n of_o the_o general_n drain_v and_o precedent_n of_o romagna_n the_o rheno_n and_o other_o brook_n of_o romagna_n be_v by_o the_o advice_n of_o p._n agostino_n spernazzati_n the_o jesuit_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n clement_n viii_o notwithstanding_o the_o opposition_n of_o the_o bolognesi_n and_o other_o concern_v therein_o divert_v from_o their_o channel_n for_o the_o more_o commodious_a cleanse_n of_o the_o po_n of_o ferrara_n and_o of_o its_o two_o branch_n of_o primaro_n and_o volano_n in_o order_n to_o the_o introduce_v the_o water_n of_o the_o main-po_n into_o they_o to_o the_o end_n that_o their_o wont_a torrent_n be_v restore_v they_o may_v carry_v the_o muddy-water_n thence_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o restore_v to_o the_o city_n the_o navigation_n which_o be_v last_o as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o brief_a of_o the_o say_a pope_n clement_n direct_v to_o the_o cardinal_n san_n clemence_n bear_v date_n the_o 22._o of_o august_n 1604._o the_o work_n of_o the_o say_v cleanse_v and_o introduce_v of_o the_o say_v po_n either_o as_o be_v such_o in_o itself_o or_o by_o the_o contention_n of_o the_o cardinal_n legate_n then_o in_o these_o part_n and_o the_o jarring_n that_o happen_v betwixt_o they_o prove_v so_o difficult_a that_o after_o the_o expense_n of_o vast_a sum_n in_o the_o space_n of_o 21._o year_n there_o have_v be_v nothing_o do_v save_o the_o render_n of_o it_o the_o more_o difficult_a to_o be_v effect_v interim_n the_o torrent_n with_o their_o water_n both_o muddy_a and_o clear_a have_v damage_v the_o ground_n lie_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o po_n of_o argenta_n and_o the_o rheno_n those_o on_o its_o bank_n of_o which_o i_o will_v speak_v in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o of_o that_o which_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n and_o from_o which_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o mischief_n that_o result_v from_o the_o rest_n do_v proceed_v this_o rheno_n have_v overflow_v the_o lordship_n tennency_n of_o sanmartina_n in_o circumference_n about_o fourteen_o mile_n give_v it_o before_o and_o part_n of_o that_o of_o cominale_n give_v it_o afterward_o as_o it_o be_v for_o a_o receptacle_n from_o whence_o have_v depose_v the_o matter_n of_o its_o muddiness_n it_o issue_v clear_a by_o the_o mouth_n of_o masi_fw-la and_o of_o lievaloro_n into_o the_o po_n of_o primaro_n and_o of_o volano_n do_v break_v down_o the_o encompass_v bank_n or_o dam_n towards_o s._n martino_n and_o that_o of_o its_o new_a channel_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n near_o to_o torre_n del_fw-it fondo_n by_o the_o breach_n on_o this_o side_n it_o stream_v out_o in_o great_a abundance_n from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o cominale_n and_o in_o the_o part_n about_o raveda_n pioggio_n caprara_n ghiare_fw-it di_fw-it reno_n saint_n '_o agostino_n san_n prospero_n san_n vincenzo_n and_o other_o and_o make_v they_o to_o become_v incultivable_a it_o make_v also_o those_o place_n above_o but_o little_a fruitful_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o impediment_n that_o their_o drain_v receive_v find_v the_o conveyance_n call_v riolo_n and_o scorsuro_fw-la not_o only_o fill_v by_o la_fw-fr motta_n and_o la_fw-fr belletta_n but_o that_o they_o turn_v backward_o of_o themselves_o but_o by_o the_o mouth_n in_o the_o enclose_v bank_n or_o dam_n at_o borgo_n di_fw-mi s._n martino_n issue_v with_o violence_n it_o first_o give_v obstruction_n to_o the_o ancient_a navigation_n of_o la_fw-fr torre_n della_fw-it fossa_n and_o afterward_o to_o the_o modern_a of_o the_o mouth_n of_o masi_fw-la so_o that_o at_o present_a the_o commerce_n between_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n be_v lose_v nor_o can_v it_o ever_o be_v in_o any_o durable_a way_n renew_v whilst_o that_o this_o exceed_v its_o due_a bound_n and_o what_o ever_o money_n shall_v be_v employ_v about_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v without_o any_o equivalent_a benefit_n and_o to_o the_o manifest_a and_o notable_a prejudice_n of_o the_o exchequer_n apostolic_a chamber_n thence_o pass_v into_o the_o valley_n of_o marzara_n it_o swell_v high_a not_o only_o by_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n but_o by_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o bottom_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o matter_n sink_v thither_o after_o land-flood_n and_o dilate_v so_o that_o it_o cover_v all_o the_o meadow_n thereabouts_o nor_o do_v it_o receive_v with_o the_o wont_a facility_n the_o drain_v of_o the_o upper_a ground_n of_o which_o the_o next_o unto_o it_o lie_v under_o the_o water_n that_o return_v upward_o by_o the_o conveyance_n and_o the_o more_o remote_a not_o find_v a_o passage_n for_o rain-water_n that_o settle_v become_v either_o altogether_o unprofitable_a or_o little_a better_a from_o this_o valley_n by_o the_o trench_n or_o ditch_n of_o marzara_n or_o of_o la_fw-fr duca_n by_o la_fw-fr buova_n or_o mouth_n of_o castaldo_n de_fw-fr rossi_n and_o by_o the_o new_a passage_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o po_n of_o argenta_n which_o be_v to_o receive_v it_o clear_a that_o so_o it_o may_v sink_v far_o therein_o and_o receive_v it_o muddy_a because_o it_o have_v acquire_v a_o quick_a course_n there_o will_v arise_v a_o very_a contrary_a effect_n here_o therefore_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n keep_v high_a until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o sea_n hinder_v the_o valley_n of_o ravenna_n where_o the_o river_n senio_fw-la those_o of_o san_n bernardino_n where_fw-mi santerno_fw-la be_v turn_v those_o of_o buon_n '_o acquisto_fw-la and_o those_o of_o marmorto_n where_o the_o idice_n quaderna_n sellero_n fall_v in_o from_o swallow_v and_o take_v in_o their_o water_n by_o their_o usual_a in-lets_a yet_o many_o time_n as_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v in_o the_o visitation_n they_o drink_v they_o up_o plentiful_o whereupon_o be_v conjoin_v with_o the_o muddinesse_n of_o those_o river_n that_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o they_o swell_v and_o dilate_v and_o overflow_v some_o ground_n and_o deprive_v other_o of_o their_o drain_v in_o like_a manner_n
giorgio_n and_o the_o valley_n of_o comachio_n by_o the_o water_n that_o shall_v enter_v into_o the_o goro_n or_o dam_n of_o the_o mill_n of_o belriguardo_n through_o the_o trench_n of_o quadrea_n which_o can_v be_v stop_v because_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o modena_n who_o have_v right_a of_o divert_v the_o water_n of_o that_o place_n at_o his_o pleasure_n to_o the_o work_n of_o turn_v mill_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o objection_n other_o pretend_v to_o prove_v frivolous_a by_o say_v that_o its_o run_v there_o till_o at_o the_o last_o it_o be_v turn_v another_o way_n be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o have_v make_v such_o a_o elevation_n of_o the_o line_n of_o its_o bed_n as_o it_o require_v deny_v that_o it_o need_v so_o great_a a_o declivity_n as_o be_v mention_v above_o and_o that_o for_o the_o future_a it_o will_v rise_v no_o more_o that_o the_o say_v drain_v and_o ditch_n do_v empty_a into_o the_o same_o whilst_o po_n be_v there_o so_o that_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v more_o able_a to_o do_v so_o when_o only_o reno_n run_v that_o way_n that_o there_o will_v no_o breach_n follow_v or_o if_o they_o do_v they_o will_v be_v only_o of_o the_o water_n of_o reno_n which_o in_o few_o hour_n may_v be_v take_v away_o in_o those_o part_n they_o call_v damn_v up_o of_o breach_n and_o mend_v the_o bank_n take_v away_o the_o breach_n and_o it_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o they_o will_v procure_v more_o inconvenience_n than_o benefit_n for_o that_o its_o mud_n and_o sand_n may_v in_o many_o place_n by_o fill_v they_o up_o occasion_n a_o seasonable_a improvement_n now_o omit_v to_o discourse_v of_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o reason_n on_o the_o oneside_n or_o on_o the_o other_o i_o will_v produce_v those_o that_o move_v i_o to_o suspend_v my_o allowance_n of_o this_o design_n the_o first_o be_v that_o although_o i_o dare_v not_o subscribe_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o that_o require_v 16._o inch_n declivity_n in_o a_o mile_n to_o reno_n to_o prevent_v its_o depose_n of_o mud_n yet_o will_v i_o not_o be_v the_o author_n that_o shall_v make_v a_o trial_n of_o it_o with_o so_o much_o hazard_n for_o have_v to_o satisfy_v myself_o in_o some_o particular_n cause_v a_o level_n to_o be_v take_v of_o the_o river_n l'amone_v senio_fw-la and_o santerno_fw-la by_o bernardino_n aleotti_n we_o find_v that_o they_o have_v more_o declivity_n by_o much_o than_o artist_n require_v as_o also_o the_o reno_n have_v from_o la_fw-fr botta_n de_fw-fr ghislieri_n to_o the_o chapel_n of_o vigarano_n for_o in_o the_o space_n of_o four_o mile_n its_o bottom-line_n fall_v five_o foot_n and_o five_o inch_n so_o that_o i_o hold_v it_o great_a prudence_n to_o depend_v upon_o that_o example_n than_o to_o go_v contrary_a to_o a_o common_a opinion_n especial_o since_o that_o the_o effect_n cause_v by_o reno_n itself_o do_v confirm_v i_o in_o the_o same_o for_o when_o it_o be_v forsake_v by_o the_o po_n after_o a_o few_o year_n either_o because_o it_o have_v choke_v up_o its_o channel_n with_o sand_n or_o because_o it_o be_v too_o long_a journey_n do_v increase_v it_o it_o also_o natural_o turn_v aside_o and_o take_v the_o way_n of_o the_o say_v po_n towards_o stellata_fw-la nay_o in_o those_o very_a year_n that_o it_o do_v run_v that_o way_n it_o only_o begin_v as_o relation_n say_v to_o make_v breach_n a_o evident_a sign_n that_o it_o do_v depose_v sand_n and_o raise_v its_o bed_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o some_o that_o be_v examine_v in_o the_o visitation_n of_o the_o public_a notary_n who_o find_v great_a benefit_n by_o have_v run_v water_n and_o some_o kind_n of_o passage_n for_o boat_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o affirm_v that_o it_o for_o want_v of_o run_v water_n have_v make_v too_o high_a stoppage_n and_o shelf_n of_o sand_n so_o that_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o course_n that_o it_o forsake_v i_o much_o fear_v that_o after_o a_o short_a time_n if_o not_o sudden_o it_o will_v leave_v it_o again_o the_o second_o i_o take_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o what_o happen_v to_o panaro_n when_o with_o so_o great_a applause_n of_o the_o feraresi_n it_o be_v bring_v by_o cardinal_n serra_n into_o the_o say_a channel_n of_o volana_n for_o that_o notwithstanding_o that_o it_o have_v run_v water_n in_o much_o great_a abundance_n than_o reno_n yet_o in_o the_o time_n that_o it_o continue_v in_o that_o channel_n it_o raise_v its_o bed_n well_o near_o five_o foot_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v below_o the_o sluice_n make_v by_o cardinal_n capponi_n to_o his_o new_a channel_n yea_o the_o say_a cardinal_n serra_n who_o desire_v that_o this_o his_o undertake_n shall_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v of_o no_o danger_n nor_o damage_n be_v constrain_v at_o its_o overflowing_n to_o give_v it_o vent_v into_o sanmartina_n that_o it_o may_v not_o break_v in_o upon_o and_o prejudice_v the_o city_n which_o danger_n i_o shall_v more_o fear_v from_o reno_n in_o regard_n it_o carry_v a_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n and_o sand._n three_o i_o be_o much_o trouble_v in_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o success_n of_o the_o affair_n at_o the_o great_a expense_n thereto_o require_v for_o in_o regard_n i_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o let_v it_o in_o near_o to_o the_o fortress_n for_o many_o respect_n and_o carry_v it_o by_o la_fw-fr torre_n del_fw-it fondo_n to_o the_o mouth_n de_fw-fr masi_fw-la it_o will_v take_v up_o eight_o mile_n of_o double_a bank_n a_o thing_n not_o easy_a to_o be_v procure_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o ground_n lie_v under_o water_n but_o from_o the_o mouth_n de_fw-fr masi_fw-la unto_o codigoro_n it_o will_v also_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v new_a scowring_n of_o the_o channel_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o water_n approach_v by_z wearing_z and_o carry_v away_o the_o earth_n on_o both_o shore_n may_v make_v a_o bed_n sufficient_a for_o its_o body_n the_o depth_n make_v for_o panaro_n not_o serve_v the_o turn_n as_o i_o conceive_v and_o if_o it_o shall_v suffice_v when_o can_v the_o people_n of_o ferrara_n hope_v to_o be_v reimburse_v and_o satisfy_v for_o the_o charge_n thereof_o four_o it_o serve_v as_o a_o argument_n with_o i_o to_o see_v that_o the_o very_a individual_a person_n concern_v in_o the_o remotion_n or_o diversion_n of_o the_o say_a torrent_n namely_o the_o bolognesi_n do_v not_o incline_v unto_o it_o and_o that_o the_o whole_a city_n of_o ferrara_n even_o those_o very_a person_n who_o at_o present_a receive_v damage_n by_o it_o can_v endure_v to_o hear_v thereof_o the_o reason_n that_o induce_v these_o last_o name_v to_o be_v so_o averse_a thereto_o be_v either_o because_o that_o this_o undertake_n will_v render_v the_o introduction_n of_o the_o water_n of_o main-po_n more_o difficult_a or_o because_o they_o fear_v the_o danger_n thereof_o the_o other_o decline_v the_o project_n either_o for_o that_o they_o know_v that_o reno_n can_v long_o continue_v in_o that_o course_n or_o because_o they_o fear_v that_o it_o be_v too_o much_o expose_v to_o those_o man_n revengeful_a cutting_n of_o it_o who_o do_v not_o desire_v it_o shall_v and_o if_o a_o man_n have_v any_o other_o way_n he_o ought_v in_o my_o opinion_n to_o forbear_v that_o which_o to_o such_o as_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o its_o removal_n be_v less_o satisfactory_a and_o to_o such_o as_o oppose_v it_o more_o prejudicial_a to_o conclude_v i_o exceed_o honour_v the_o judgement_n of_o cardinal_n capponi_n who_o have_v to_o his_o natural_a ability_n and_o prudence_n add_v a_o particular_a study_n observation_n and_o experience_n of_o these_o water_n for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n together_o do_v not_o think_v that_o reno_n can_v go_v by_o volana_n to_o which_o agree_v the_o opinion_n of_o cardinal_n s._n marcello_n legate_n of_o this_o city_n of_o who_o for_o his_o exquisite_a understanding_n we_o ought_v to_o make_v great_a account_n but_o if_o ever_o this_o shall_v be_v resolve_v on_o it_o will_v be_v material_o necessary_a to_o unite_v the_o quick_a and_o run_v water_n of_o the_o little_a channel_n of_o cento_n of_o the_o channel_n navilio_n of_o guazzaloca_n and_o at_o its_o very_a beginning_n those_o of_o dardagna_n which_o at_o present_a be_v one_o of_o the_o spring_n or_o head_n of_o panaro_n that_o so_o they_o may_v assist_v it_o in_o carry_v its_o sand_n and_o the_o matter_n of_o its_o muddiness_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o then_o there_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o be_v a_o great_a evacuation_n and_o scour_a but_o withal_o the_o proprietor_n in_o the_o islet_n of_o san_n giorgio_n and_o of_o ferrara_n must_v prepare_v themselves_o to_o endure_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o purl_n or_o sewing_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o river_n through_o the_o boggy_a ground_n thereabouts_o i_o shall_v more_o easy_o incline_v therefore_o
to_o carry_v it_o into_o main-po_n at_o stellata_fw-la for_o the_o reason_n that_o cardinal_n capponi_n most_o ingenious_o enumerate_v in_o a_o short_a but_o wellgrounded_n tract_n of_o his_o not_o because_o that_o indeed_o it_o will_v not_o both_o by_o purl_n and_o by_o breach_n occasion_n some_o inconvenience_n especial_o in_o the_o beginning_n but_o because_o i_o hold_v this_o for_o the_o incomodity_n of_o it_o to_o be_v a_o far_o less_o evil_a than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o because_o that_o by_o this_o mean_n there_o be_v no_o occasion_n give_v to_o they_o of_o ferrara_n to_o explain_v that_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o hope_n of_o ever_o see_v the_o po_n again_o under_o the_o wall_n of_o their_o city_n to_o who_o where_o it_o may_v be_v do_v it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o satisfaction_n shall_v be_v give_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o po_n be_v place_v by_o nature_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o great_a valley_n make_v by_o the_o apennine_n hill_n and_o by_o the_o alps_o to_o carry_v as_o the_o master-drain_n to_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v the_o grand_a receptacle_n of_o all_o water_n those_o particular_a stream_n which_o descend_v from_o they_o that_o the_o reno_n by_o all_o geographer_n strabo_n pliny_n solima_n mella_n and_o other_o be_v enumerate_v among_o the_o river_n that_o fall_v into_o the_o say_v po._n that_o although_o po_n shall_v of_o itself_o change_v its_o course_n yet_o will_v reno_n go_v to_o look_v it_o out_o if_o the_o work_v erect_v by_o humane_a industry_n do_v not_o obstruct_v its_o passage_n so_o that_o it_o neither_o be_v nor_o aught_o to_o seem_v strange_a if_o one_o for_o the_o great_a common_n good_a shall_v turn_v it_o into_o the_o same_o now_o at_o stellata_fw-la it_o may_v go_v several_a way_n into_o po_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o level_v that_o be_v take_v by_o my_o order_n of_o all_o which_o i_o shall_v best_o like_v the_o turn_n of_o it_o to_o la_fw-fr botta_n do_v ghislieri_n carry_v it_o above_o bondeno_n to_o the_o church_n of_o gambarone_fw-la or_o a_o little_a high_o or_o low_o as_o shall_v be_v judge_v least_o prejudicial_a when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o execution_n and_o this_o for_o two_o principal_a reason_n the_o one_o because_o that_o then_o it_o will_v run_v along_o by_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o church_n patrimony_n without_o separate_a ferrara_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o the_o other_o be_v because_o the_o line_n be_v short_a and_o consequent_o the_o fall_n great_a for_o that_o in_o a_o space_n of_o ten_o mile_n and_o one_o three_o it_o fall_v twenty_o six_o foot_n more_o by_o much_o than_o be_v require_v by_o artist_n and_o will_v go_v by_o place_n where_o it_o can_v do_v but_o little_a hurt_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o person_n interress_v study_n to_o amplify_v it_o incredible_o on_o the_o contrary_a there_o be_v but_o only_o two_o objection_n that_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v examine_v one_o that_o the_o drain_v and_o ditch_n of_o s._n bianca_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o cento_n and_o of_o burana_n and_o all_o those_o other_o that_o enter_v into_o po_n do_v hinder_v this_o diversion_n of_o reno_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o po._n the_o other_o be_v that_o po_n rise_v about_o the_o transom_n of_o the_o pilaster-sluice_n very_o near_o 20_o foot_n the_o reno_n will_v have_v no_o fall_n into_o the_o same_o whereupon_o it_o will_v rise_v to_o a_o terrible_a height_n at_o which_o it_o will_v not_o be_v possible_a to_o make_v or_o keep_v the_o bank_n make_v so_o that_o it_o will_v break_v out_o and_o drown_v the_o meadow_n and_o cause_n mischief_n and_o damage_n unspeakable_a and_o irreparable_a as_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o experiment_n make_v upon_o panaro_n which_o be_v confine_v between_o bank_n that_o it_o may_v go_v into_o po_n this_o not_o be_v neither_o in_o its_o great_a excrescense_n it_o break_v out_o into_o the_o territory_n of_o final_a and_o of_o ferrara_n and_o though_o that_o may_v be_v do_v it_o will_v thereupon_o ensue_v that_o there_o be_v let_v into_o the_o channel_n of_o po_n 2800._o square_a foot_n of_o water_n for_o so_o much_o we_o account_v those_o of_o reno_n and_o panaro_n take_v together_o in_o their_o great_a height_n the_o superficies_n of_o it_o will_v rise_v at_o least_o four_o foot_n insomuch_o that_o either_o it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o raise_v its_o bank_n all_o the_o way_n unto_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o same_o height_n which_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o indies_n will_v not_o suffice_v to_o effect_v or_o else_o there_o will_v be_v a_o necessity_n of_o endure_v excessive_a breach_n to_o these_o two_o head_n be_v the_o argument_n reduce_v which_o be_v large_o amplify_v against_o our_o opinion_n and_o i_o shall_v answer_v first_o to_o the_o last_o as_o most_o material_a i_o say_v therefore_o that_o there_o be_v three_o case_n to_o be_v consider_v first_o po_n high_a and_o reno_n low_a second_o reno_n high_a and_o po_n low_a three_o reno_n and_o po_n both_o high_a together_o as_o to_o the_o first_o and_o second_o there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n in_o they_o for_o if_o po_n shall_v not_o be_v at_o its_o great_a height_n reno_n shall_v ever_o have_v a_o fall_n into_o it_o and_o there_o shall_v need_v no_o humane_a artifice_n about_o the_o bank_n and_o if_o reno_n shall_v be_v low_a po_n shall_v regurgitate_v and_o flow_v up_o into_o the_o channel_n of_o it_o and_o also_o from_o thence_o no_o inconvenience_n shall_v follow_v the_o three_o remain_v from_o which_o there_o be_v expect_v many_o mischief_n but_o it_o be_v a_o most_o undoubted_a truth_n that_o the_o excrescency_n of_o reno_n as_o come_v from_o the_o adjacent_a appennines_n and_o rains_n be_v to_o continue_v but_o seven_o or_o eight_o hour_n at_o most_o and_o so_o will_v never_o or_o very_o rare_o happen_v to_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o those_o of_o po_n cause_v by_o the_o melt_a of_o the_o snow_n of_o the_o alps_o at_o least_o 400._o mile_n distance_n from_o thence_o but_o because_o it_o sometime_o may_v happen_v i_o reply_v that_o when_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v reno_n shall_v not_o go_v into_o po_n but_o it_o shall_v have_v allow_v it_o one_o or_o two_o vent_v namely_o into_o the_o channel_n of_o ferrara_n as_o it_o have_v ever_o have_v and_o into_o sanmartina_n where_o it_o run_v at_o present_a and_o wherewith_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o the_o person_n concern_v will_v be_v well_o please_v it_o be_v a_o great_a benefit_n to_o they_o to_o have_v the_o water_n overflow_v their_o ground_n once_o every_o four_o or_o five_o year_n instead_o of_o see_v it_o annoy_v they_o continual_o yea_o the_o vent_n may_v be_v regulate_v reserve_v for_o it_o the_o channel_n in_o which_o reno_n at_o present_a run_v and_o instead_o of_o turn_v it_o by_o a_o dam_n at_o la_fw-fr betta_n de_fw-fr ghislieri_n perhaps_o to_o turn_v it_o by_o help_n of_o strong_a sluice_n that_o may_v upon_o all_o occasion_n be_v open_v and_o shut_v and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o do_v not_o question_v but_o that_o the_o proprietor_n themselves_o in_o sanmartina_n will_v make_v a_o channel_n for_o it_o which_o receive_v and_o confine_v it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o vent_v may_v carry_v the_o sand_n into_o the_o po_n of_o primaro_n nor_o need_v there_o thence_o be_v fear_v any_o stoppage_n by_o mud_n and_o sand_n since_o that_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o there_o will_v but_o very_o seldom_o be_v any_o necessity_n of_o use_v it_o so_o that_o time_n will_v be_v allow_v upon_o occasion_n to_o scour_v and_o cleanse_v it_o and_o in_o this_o manner_n all_o those_o prodigy_n vanish_v that_o be_v raise_v with_o so_o much_o fear_n from_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o water_n of_o reno_n swell_v into_o po_n when_o it_o be_v high_a to_o which_o there_o need_v no_o other_o answer_n yet_o nevertheless_o we_o do_v not_o take_v that_o quantity_n of_o water_n that_o be_v carry_v by_o reno_n and_o by_o panaro_n to_o be_v so_o great_a as_o be_v affirm_v for_o that_o p._n d._n benedetto_n castelli_n have_v no_o less_o accute_o than_o accurate_o observe_v the_o measure_n of_o this_o kind_n note_v that_o the_o breadth_n and_o depth_n of_o a_o river_n be_v not_o enough_o to_o resolve_v the_o question_n true_o but_o that_o there_o be_v respect_n to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o term_n of_o time_n thing_n hitherto_o not_o consider_v by_o the_o skilful_a in_o these_o affair_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o say_v what_o quantity_n of_o water_n the_o say_v river_n carry_v nor_o to_o conclude_v of_o the_o rise_n that_o will_v follow_v thereupon_o nay_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o if_o all_o the_o river_n that_o fall_v into_o po_n which_o be_v above_o thirty_o shall_v rise_v at_o the_o
rate_n that_o these_o compute_v reno_n to_o do_v and_o hundred_o foot_n of_o bank_n will_v not_o suffice_v and_o yet_o they_o have_v far_o few_o so_o that_o this_o confirm_v the_o rule_n of_o r._n p._n d._n benedetto_n namely_o that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n of_o reno_n in_o reno_n to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n of_o reno_n in_o po_n be_v compound_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o po_n to_o that_o of_o reno_n and_o of_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n of_o reno_n in_o po_n to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n of_o reno_n in_o reno_n a_o manifest_a argument_n that_o there_o can_v in_o it_o by_o this_o new_a augmentation_n of_o water_n follow_v any_o alteration_n that_o necessitate_v the_o raise_n of_o its_o bank_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o example_n of_o pavaro_n which_o have_v be_v so_o far_o from_o swell_a po_n that_o it_o have_v rather_o assuage_v it_o for_o it_o have_v carry_v away_o many_o shelf_n and_o many_o islet_n that_o have_v grow_v in_o its_o bed_n for_o want_v of_o water_n sufficient_a to_o bear_v away_o the_o matter_n of_o land-flood_n in_o so_o broad_a a_o channel_n and_o as_o be_v learn_v by_o the_o trial_n make_v by_o we_o in_o panaro_n with_o the_o water_n of_o burana_n for_o erect_v in_o the_o river_n stand_v mark_n and_o shut_v the_o say_a sluice_n we_o can_v see_v no_o sensible_a abatement_n nor_o much_o less_o after_o we_o have_v open_v it_o sensible_a increasment_n by_o which_o we_o judge_v that_o the_o same_o be_v to_o succeed_v to_o po_n by_o let_v in_o of_o reno_n burana_n have_v great_a proportion_n to_o panaro_n than_o reno_n to_o po_n consider_v the_o state_n of_o those_o river_n in_o which_o the_o observation_n be_v make_v so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o long_o any_o occasion_n for_o those_o great_a raising_n of_o bank_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o rupture_n as_o well_o of_o reno_n as_o of_o po_n do_v vanish_v as_o also_o the_o fear_n lest_o that_o the_o sluice_n which_o empty_a into_o po_n shall_v receive_v obstruction_n which_o if_o they_o shall_v yet_o it_o will_v be_v over_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n and_o as_o to_o the_o breach_n of_o panaro_n which_o happen_v in_o 1623._o i_o know_v not_o why_o see_v that_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o the_o po_n be_v not_o at_o that_o time_n at_o its_o height_n one_o shall_v rather_o charge_v it_o with_o the_o crime_n than_o quit_v it_o thereof_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o the_o bank_n be_v not_o make_v of_o proof_n since_o that_o the_o same_o now_o continue_v whole_a and_o good_a and_o panaro_n do_v not_o break_v out_o nay_o there_o be_v when_o it_o break_v more_o than_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a of_o its_o bank_n above_o the_o water_n and_o to_o spare_v but_o it_o break_v thorough_a by_o a_o mole_n work_v or_o by_o the_o hole_n of_o a_o water-rat_n or_o some_o such_o vermin_n and_o by_o occasion_n of_o the_o badness_n of_o the_o say_a bank_n as_o i_o find_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o some_o witness_n examine_v by_o my_o command_n that_o i_o may_v know_v the_o truth_n thereof_o nor_o can_v i_o here_o forbear_v to_o say_v that_o it_o will_v be_v better_o if_o in_o such_o matter_n man_n be_v more_o candid_a and_o sincere_a but_o to_o secure_v ourselves_o nevertheless_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n from_o such_o like_a breach_n which_o may_v happen_v at_o the_o first_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o newness_n of_o the_o bank_n i_o presuppose_v that_o from_o po_n unto_o the_o place_n whence_o reno_n be_v cut_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o high_a and_o thick_a fence_n make_v with_o its_o bank_n so_o that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o cause_n to_o fear_v any_o whatsoever_o accession_n of_o water_n although_o that_o concurrence_n of_o three_o river_n which_o be_v by_o some_o more_o ingenious_o aggravate_v than_o faithful_o state_v by_o that_o which_o be_v say_v above_o be_v true_a to_o who_o i_o think_v not_o myself_o bind_v to_o make_v any_o far_a reply_n neither_o to_o those_o who_o say_v that_o po_n will_v ascend_v upward_o into_o reno_n since_o that_o these_o be_v the_o same_o person_n who_o will_v introduce_v a_o small_a branch_n of_o the_o say_v po_n into_o the_o channel_n of_o ferrara_n that_o so_o it_o may_v convey_v to_o the_o sea_n not_o reno_n only_o but_o also_o all_o the_o other_o brook_n of_o which_o we_o complain_v and_o because_o that_o withal_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o river_n so_o capacious_a as_o po_n shall_v be_v incommode_v by_o a_o torrent_n that_o as_o i_o may_v say_v have_v no_o proportion_n to_o it_o i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o business_n of_o the_o ditch_n and_o drain_v and_o as_o to_o the_o conveyance_n of_o burana_n it_o have_v heretofore_o be_v debate_v to_o turn_v it_o into_o main-po_n so_o that_o in_o this_o case_n it_o will_v receive_v no_o harm_n and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o remove_v yet_o will_v it_o by_o a_o trench_n under_o ground_n pursue_v the_o course_n that_o it_o now_o hold_v and_o also_o will_v be_v able_a to_o disimbogue_a again_o into_o the_o say_a new_a channel_n of_o reno_n which_o conform_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n of_o po_n will_v continue_v at_o a_o low_a level_n than_o that_o which_o panara_n have_v when_o it_o come_v to_o ferrara_n into_o which_o burana_n do_v nevertheless_o empty_a itself_o for_o some_o time_n the_o conveyance_n or_o drain_n of_o santa_n bianca_n and_o the_o little_a channel_n of_o cento_n may_v also_o empty_v themselves_o by_o two_o subterranean_a trench_n without_o any_o prejudice_n where_o they_o run_v at_o present_a or_o without_o any_o more_o work_n of_o that_o nature_n they_o may_v be_v turn_v into_o the_o say_a new_a channel_n although_o with_o somewhat_o more_o of_o inconvenience_n and_o withal_o the_o channel_n of_o ferrara_n leave_v dry_a will_v be_v a_o sufficient_a receptacle_n for_o any_o other_o sewer_n or_o drain_n whatsoever_o that_o shall_v remain_v there_o all_o which_o operation_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o perfection_n with_o 150._o thousand_o crown_n well_o and_o faithful_o lay_v out_o which_o sum_n the_o bolognesi_n will_v not_o be_v unwilling_a to_o provide_v beside_o that_o those_o ferraresi_n ought_v to_o contribute_v to_o it_o who_o shall_v partake_v of_o the_o benefit_n let_v i_o be_v permit_v in_o this_o place_n to_o propose_v a_o thing_n which_o i_o have_v think_v of_o and_o which_o peradventure_o may_v occasion_v two_o benefit_n at_o once_o although_o it_o be_v not_o whole_o new_a it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n paul_n v._o propound_v by_o one_o crescenzio_n a_o engineer_n to_o cut_v the_o main-po_n above_o le_fw-fr papozze_n and_o have_v make_v a_o sufficient_a evacuation_n to_o derive_v the_o water_n thereof_o into_o the_o po_n of_o adriano_n and_o so_o to_o procure_v it_o to_o be_v navigable_a which_o be_v not_o at_o that_o time_n effect_v either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o opposition_n of_o those_o who_o possession_n be_v to_o be_v cut_v through_o or_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o but_o in_o view_v those_o river_n we_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o sedge_n cut_v might_n easy_o be_v make_v below_o le_fw-fr papozze_n in_o dig_v through_o the_o bank_n call_v santa_n maria_n &_o draw_v a_o trench_n of_o the_o bigness_n that_o skilful_a artist_n shall_v judge_v meet_a unto_o the_o po_n adriano_n of_o ariano_n below_o the_o secche_n of_o the_o say_v s._n maria_n which_o as_o be_v a_o work_n of_o not_o above_o 160._o perch_n in_o length_n will_v be_v finish_v with_o only_o 12000._o crown_n first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o water_n run_v that_o way_n will_v nor_o fail_v to_o open_v that_o mouth_n into_o the_o sea_n which_o at_o present_a be_v almost_o choke_v up_o by_o the_o shelf_n of_o sand_n which_o the_o new_a mouth_n of_o ponto_n virro_n have_v bring_v thither_o and_o that_o it_o will_v again_o bring_v into_o use_v the_o port_n gero_n and_o its_o navigation_n and_o haply_o experience_n may_v teach_v we_o that_o the_o superficies_n of_o po_n may_v come_v to_o fall_v by_o this_o assuagement_n of_o water_n so_o that_o the_o accession_n of_o reno_n will_v questionless_a make_v no_o rise_n in_o it_o whereupon_o if_o it_o shall_v so_o fall_v out_o those_o prince_n will_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o complain_v who_o seem_v to_o question_v lest_o by_o this_o new_a accession_n of_o water_n into_o po_n the_o sluice_n may_v be_v endanger_v which_o i_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o omit_v to_o represent_v to_o your_o lordship_n not_o that_o i_o propose_v it_o to_o you_o as_o a_o thing_n absolute_o certain_a but_o that_o you_o may_v if_o you_o so_o please_v lie_v it_o before_o person_n who_o
against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n since_o that_o thereby_o the_o same_o measure_n be_v make_v sometime_o great_a and_o sometime_o lesser_a a_o disorder_n so_o enormous_a and_o execrable_a that_o i_o shall_v take_v the_o boldness_n to_o say_v that_o for_o this_o sole_a respect_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v condemn_v and_o prohibit_v likewise_o by_o human_a law_n which_o shall_v enact_v that_o in_o this_o business_n there_o shall_v be_v employ_v either_o this_o our_o rule_n or_o some_o other_o that_o be_v more_o exquisite_a and_o practicable_a whereby_o the_o measure_n may_v keep_v one_o constant_a and_o determinate_a tenor_n as_o we_o make_v it_o and_o not_o as_o it_o be_v now_o to_o make_v pondus_fw-la &_o pondus_fw-la mensura_fw-la &_o mensura_fw-la and_o this_o be_v all_o that_o i_o have_v to_o offer_v to_o your_o most_o illustrious_a lordship_n in_o obedience_n to_o your_o command_n reserve_v to_o myself_o the_o give_v of_o a_o more_o exact_a account_n of_o this_o my_o invention_n when_o the_o occasion_n shall_v offer_v of_o reduce_v to_o practice_n so_o holy_a just_a and_o necessary_a a_o reformation_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o run_v water_n and_o of_o aqueduct_n in_o particular_a which_o rule_n may_v also_o be_v of_o great_a benefit_n in_o the_o division_n of_o the_o great_a water_n to_o overflow_n ground_n and_o for_o other_o use_n i_o humble_o bow_v your_o most_o devote_a and_o most_o oblige_a servant_n d._n benedetto_n castelli_n abb._n casin_n finis_fw-la a_o table_n of_o the_o most_o observable_a matter_n in_o this_o treatise_n of_o the_o mensuration_n of_o run_v water_n a_o abatement_n of_o a_o river_n in_o different_a and_o unequal_a diversion_n be_v always_o equal_a which_o be_v prove_v with_o 100_o syphon_n page_n 75_o arno_n river_n when_o it_o rise_v upon_o a_o land-flood_n near_o the_o sea_n one_o three_o of_o a_o brace_n it_o rise_v about_o pisa_n 6._o or_o 7._o brace_n 82_o b_o banks_n near_o to_o the_o sea_n low_o than_o far_o from_o thence_o corollary_n fourteen_o 16_o brent_n river_n divert_v from_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n and_o its_o effect_n 64_o brent_n suppose_v insufficient_a to_o remedy_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o lake_n and_o the_o falsity_n of_o that_o supposition_n 67_o brent_n and_o its_o benefit_n in_o the_o lake_n 70_o its_o deposition_n of_o sand_n in_o the_o lake_n how_o great_a it_o be_v 78_o 79_o bridge_n over_o river_n and_o how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v make_v appendix_n viii_o 20_o burana_n river_n its_o rise_n and_o fall_v in_o panaro_n 110_o c_o castelli_n apply_v himself_o to_o this_o study_n by_o order_n of_o urban_n viii_o 2_o channel_n of_o navigation_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o bologna_n and_o its_o inconvenience_n 99_o carry_v into_o the_o po_n of_o ferrara_n and_o its_o benefit_n ibid._n ciampoli_n a_o lover_n of_o these_o observation_n of_o water_n 3_o d_o difficulty_n of_o this_o business_n of_o measure_v water_n 2_o disorder_n that_o happen_v in_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o water_n of_o aqueduct_n and_o their_o remedy_n 113_o distribution_n of_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n and_o aqueduct_n appendix_n x._o 22_o distribution_n of_o water_n to_o overflow_n ground_n appendix_n xi_o 23_o 69_o 70_o diversion_n of_o reno_n and_o other_o brook_n of_o romagna_n advise_v by_o p._n spernazzati_n to_o what_o end_n it_o be_v 100_o drain_v and_o ditch_n the_o benefit_n they_o receive_v by_o cut_v away_o the_o weed_n and_o reed_n appendix_n ix_o 21_o drain_v and_o sewer_n obstruct_v in_o the_o diversion_n of_o reno_n into_o main_a po_n and_o a_o remedy_n for_o the_o same_o 110_o e_z engineer_n unversed_a in_o the_o matter_n of_o water_n 2_o erour_n find_v in_o the_o common_a way_n of_o measure_v run_v water_n 68_o 69_o error_n inderive_v the_o water_n of_o acqua_fw-la paola_n appendix_n ii_o 17_o 18_o error_n of_o bartolotti_n 86_o 87_o error_n of_o engineer_n in_o the_o derivation_n of_o chenel_n corollary_n xii_o 12_o error_n of_o engineer_n in_o measure_v of_o reno_n in_o po._n appendix_n iii_o ibid._n error_n of_o other_o engineer_n contrary_a to_o the_o precedent_n appendix_n iu._n ibid._n error_n of_o giovanni_n fontana_n in_o measure_v water_n corollary_n xi_o 9_o error_n of_o giulio_n frontino_n in_o measure_v the_o water_n of_o aqueduct_n appendix_n i._o 17_o error_n commit_v in_o cut_v the_o bank_n at_o bondeno_n in_o the_o swell_n of_o po_n corollary_n xiii_o 81_o f_o fen_n pontine_n drain_v by_o pope_n sixtus_n quintus_fw-la with_o vast_a expense_n 92_o the_o ruin_n and_o miscarriage_n thereof_o 93_o tardity_n of_o the_o principal_a channel_n that_o drain_v they_o cause_n of_o the_o drown_v ibid._n they_o be_v obstruct_v by_o the_o fishing-wears_a which_o swell_v the_o river_n 94_o water_n of_o fiume_n sisto_n which_o flow_v in_o great_a abundance_n into_o the_o evacuator_fw-la of_o the_o say_a fen_n 94_o 95_o remedy_n to_o the_o disorder_n of_o those_o fen_n 95_o 96_o fontana_n giovanni_n his_o error_n in_o measure_v water_n corollary_n xi_o 9_o fiume_n morto_fw-la whether_o it_o ought_v to_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o serchio_n 79_o let_v into_o serchio_n and_o its_o inconvenience_n 79_o 80_o the_o dangerous_a rise_n of_o its_o water_n when_o to_o be_v expect_v 81_o its_o inconvenience_n when_o it_o be_v high_a in_o level_a than_o serchio_n and_o why_o it_o rise_v most_o on_o the_o seacoast_n at_o such_o time_n at_o the_o wind_n make_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v 83_o g_o galileo_n galilaei_n honourable_o mention_v page_z 2_o 28_o his_o rule_n for_o measure_v the_o time_n 49_o h_n height_n vide_fw-la quick_a height_n different_a make_v by_o the_o same_o stream_n of_o a_o brook_n or_o torrent_n according_a to_o the_o divers_a velocity_n in_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o river_n corollary_n i._n 6_o height_n different_a make_v by_o the_o torrent_n in_o the_o river_n according_a to_o the_o different_a height_n of_o the_o river_n corollary_n ii_o ibid._n k_o knowledge_n of_o motion_n how_o much_o it_o import_v 1_o l_o lake_n of_o perugia_n and_o he_o observation_n make_v on_o it_o appendix_n xii_o 42_o lake_n of_o thrasimenus_n and_o consideration_n upon_o it_o a_o letter_n write_v to_o sig._n galileo_n galilaei_n 28_o lake_n of_o venice_n and_o consideration_n upon_o it_o 63_o 73_o low_a water_n which_o let_v the_o bottom_n of_o it_o be_v discover_v 64_o the_o stoppage_n and_o choke_n of_o the_o port_n a_o main_a cause_n of_o the_o disorder_n of_o the_o lake_n and_o the_o grand_a remedy_n to_o those_o disorder_n what_o it_o be_v 66_o lake_n and_o meers_n along_o the_o sea-ccosts_a and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o 65_o length_n of_o water_n how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v 70_o m_o measure_n and_o distribution_n of_o water_n appendix_n v._n 18_o measure_n of_o river_n that_o fall_v into_o other_o difficult_a coral_n x._o 9_o measure_n of_o the_o run_v water_n of_o a_o channel_n of_o a_o height_n know_v by_o a_o regulator_n of_o a_o measure_n give_v in_o a_o time_n assign_v proposition_n i._o problem_n i_o 50_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n of_o any_o river_n of_o any_o greatness_n in_o a_o time_n give_v proposition_n v._o problem_n iii_o 60_o measure_n that_o show_v how_o much_o water_n a_o river_n discharge_v in_o a_o time_n give_v 48_o mole-hole_n motion_n the_o principal_a subject_n of_o philosophy_n 1_o mud._n vide_fw-la sand._n n_o navigation_n from_o bologna_n to_o ferrara_n be_v become_v impossible_a till_o such_o time_n as_o reno_n be_v divert_v 101_o navigation_n in_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n endanger_v and_o how_o restore_v 65_o 70_o p_o perpendicularity_n of_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n to_o the_o upper_a superficies_n of_o it_o 37_o perpendicularity_n of_o the_o bank_n to_o the_o bottom_n 37_o perugia_n vide_fw-la lake_n pontine_n vide_fw-la fen_n port_n of_o venice_n malamocco_n bondolo_n and_o chiozza_n choke_v up_o for_o w●nt_n of_o water_n in_o the_o lake_n 65_o proportion_n of_o unequal_a section_n of_o equal_a velocity_n and_o of_o equal_a section_n of_o unequal_a velocity_n axiom_n iu._n and_o v._o 38_o proportion_n of_o equal_a and_o unequal_a quantity_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o section_n of_o different_a river_n proposition_n ii_o 39_o proportion_n of_o unequal_a section_n that_o in_o equal_a time_n discharge_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n proposition_n iii_o 41_o proportion_n wherewith_o one_o river_n fall_v into_o another_o vary_v in_o height_n proposition_n iu_o 44_o proportion_n of_o the_o water_n discharge_v by_o a_o river_n in_o the_o time_n of_o flood_n to_o the_o water_n discharge_v in_o a_o equal_a time_n by_o the_o say_a river_n before_o or_o after_o the_o flood_n proposition_n v._n 44_o proportion_n of_o the_o height_n make_v by_o two_o equal_a brook_n or_o stream_n fall_v into_o the_o same_o river_n proposition_n vi_o 45_o proportion_n of_o the_o water_n which_o a_o river_n discharge_v increase_a in_o quick-height_n
christianus_n ita_fw-la noverit_fw-la ut_fw-la cirtissima_fw-la ratione_fw-la vel_fw-la experientiâ_fw-la teneat_fw-la turpe_fw-la autem_fw-la est_fw-la nimis_fw-la &_o perniciosum_fw-la ac_fw-la maxim_n cavendum_fw-la ut_fw-la christianum_fw-la de_fw-la his_fw-la rebus_fw-la quasi_fw-la secundum_fw-la christianas_n litteras_fw-la loquentem_fw-la ita_fw-la delirare_fw-la quilibet_fw-la infidelis_fw-la audiat_fw-la ut_fw-la quem_fw-la admodum_fw-la dicitur_fw-la toto_fw-la caelum_fw-la errare_fw-la conspiciens_fw-la risuntenere_fw-la vix_fw-la possit_fw-la &_o non_fw-la tam_fw-la molestum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la errans_fw-la homo_fw-la derideretur_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la auctores_fw-la nostri_fw-la ab_fw-la this_fw-mi qui_fw-la foris_fw-la sunt_fw-la talia_fw-la sensisse_fw-la creduntur_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la magno_fw-la exitio_fw-la corim_n de_fw-fr quorum_fw-la salute_v satagimus_fw-la tanquam_fw-la indocti_fw-la reprehenduntur_fw-la atque_fw-la respuuntur_fw-la cum_fw-la enim_fw-la quemquam_fw-la de_fw-la numero_fw-la christianorum_fw-la eai●re_fw-la quam_fw-la ipsi_fw-la optime_fw-la norunt_fw-la deprehenderint_fw-la &_o vanam_fw-la sententiam_fw-la svam_fw-la de_fw-la nostris_fw-la libris_fw-la asserent_fw-la quo_fw-la pacto_fw-la illis_fw-la libris_fw-la credituri_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-fr resurrectione_n mortuorum_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr spe_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la eternae_fw-la regnoque_fw-la celorum_fw-la quando_fw-la de_fw-la his_fw-la rebus_fw-la quas_fw-la jam_fw-la experiri_fw-la vel_fw-la indubitatis_fw-la rationibus_fw-la percipere_fw-la potuerunt_fw-la fallaciter_fw-la putaverint_fw-la esse_fw-la conscriptos_fw-la conscriptos_fw-la quid_fw-la enim_fw-la molestiae_fw-la tristiaeque_fw-la ingerant_fw-la prudentibus_fw-la fratribus_fw-la tenerar●j_fw-la praesumpiores_fw-la satis_fw-la dici_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la cum_fw-la si_fw-la quando_fw-la de_fw-fr falsa_fw-la &_o prava_fw-la opinion_n sua_fw-la reprehendi_fw-la &_o convinci_fw-la caeperint_fw-la ab_fw-la iis_fw-la qui_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la librorum_fw-la auctoritate_fw-la &_o apertissima_fw-la falsitate_fw-la dixerunt_fw-la eosdnm_fw-la libros_fw-la sanctos_fw-la unde_fw-la id_fw-la probent_fw-la proffer_v conantur_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la memoriter_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la testimonium_fw-la u●lere_fw-la arbitrantur_fw-la multa_fw-la inde_fw-la verba_fw-la pronunciant_fw-la non_fw-la intelligentes_fw-la neque_fw-la quae_fw-la loquuntur_fw-la neque_fw-la de_fw-la quibus_fw-la affirmant_fw-la if_o this_o passage_n seem_v harsh_a the_o reader_n must_v remember_v that_o i_o do_v but_o translate_v translate_v 〈…〉_z on_o it_o be_v own_o axis_n axis_n lux_fw-la ejus_fw-la colligit_fw-la convertitque_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la omne_fw-la quae_fw-la videntur_fw-la quae_fw-la moventur_fw-la quae_fw-la illustrantur_fw-la quae_fw-la calescunt_fw-la &_o uno_fw-la nomine_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la ab_fw-la ejus_fw-la splendore_fw-la continentur_fw-la itaque_fw-la sol_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dicitur_fw-la quod_fw-la omne_fw-la congreget_fw-la colligatque_fw-la dispersa_fw-la dispersa_fw-la si_fw-mi enim_fw-la sol_fw-la hic_fw-la quem_fw-la videmus_fw-la eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la sub_fw-la sensum_fw-la cadunt_fw-la essentias_fw-la &_o qualitates_fw-la quaeque_fw-la multa_fw-la sint_fw-la ac_fw-la dissimiles_fw-la tamen_fw-la ipse_fw-la qui_fw-la unus_fw-la est_fw-la aequaliterque_fw-la lumen_fw-la fundit_fw-la renovat_fw-la alit_fw-la tuetur_fw-la perficit_fw-la dividit_fw-la conjungit_fw-la fovet_fw-la faecunda_fw-la reddit_fw-la auget_fw-la mutat_fw-la firmat_n edit_n movet_fw-la vitaliaque_fw-la facit_fw-la omne_fw-la &_o unaquaque_fw-la res_fw-la huius_fw-la universitatis_fw-la pro_fw-la captu_fw-la svo_fw-la unius_fw-la atque_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la solis_fw-la est_fw-la particeps_fw-la causasque_fw-la multorum_fw-la quae_fw-la participent_fw-la in_fw-la se_fw-la aequabiliter_fw-la anticipatas_fw-la habet_fw-la certe_fw-la majori_fw-la raticne_fw-la etc._n etc._n solemn_a stetisse_fw-la dum_fw-la adhuc_fw-la in_o hemisphaerio_fw-la nostro_fw-la supra_fw-la scilicet_fw-la horizontem_fw-la existeret_fw-la cajetan_n in_o loco_fw-la loco_fw-la or_o pole_n pole_n gen._n chp._n 〈◊〉_d v._n 1._o 1._o psal._n 24._o 2._o 2._o psal._n 137._o 1._o 1._o chap._n 1._o v._n 4_o to_o 9_o psal._n 104._o v_o 5._o 5._o shelter_n shelter_n officium_fw-la officium_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la ejus_fw-la ejus_fw-la follower_n of_o that_o learned_a king_n hypothesis_n hypothesis_n that_o be_v 5000_o mile_n eight_o of_o these_o make_v a_o italian_a or_o english_a mile_n of_o a_o 1000_o pace_n every_o pac●_n contain_v 5._o foot_n foot_n chap._n 1._o v._n 4._o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o against_o scripture_n faith_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o either_o sense_n or_o reason_n reason_n 2_o pet._n 1._o 19_o 19_o or_o primum_fw-la mobile_n mobile_n cardan_n de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la va●iet_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o 1._o p._n clavius_n in_o ultima_fw-la suor_fw-la operum_fw-la editione_n the_o author_n first_o theological_o d●fende●h_v the_o ●arths_n mobility_n approve_v by_o ●ary_a of_o the_o modern_n modern_n or_o in_o sole_fw-la posuit_fw-la tabernaculum_fw-la suum_fw-la according_a to_o the_o translation_n our_o author_n follow_v in_o spherical_a body_n deorsum_fw-la be_v the_o centre_n and_o sursum_fw-la the_o circumference_n hell_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o of_o the_o world_n heaven_n and_o earth_n be_v always_o 〈◊〉_d oppose_v to_o each_o other_o after_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n the_o earth_n shall_v stand_v immovable_a immovable_a circa_n cardines_fw-la coeli_fw-la luke_n 16._o alia_fw-la sunt_fw-la notiora_fw-la nobis_fw-la alia_fw-la notiora_fw-la natura_fw-la vel_fw-la secundum_fw-la se_fw-la arist_n lib._n 1._o phys._n phys._n aut_fw-la ad_fw-la umbram_fw-la which_o be_v real_o the_o great_a light_n in_o heaven_n the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n be_v one_o &_o the_o same_o thing_n the_o earth_n be_v another_o moon_n or_o star_n why_o the_o sun_n seem_v to_o we_o to_o move_v &_o not_o the_o earth_n aeneid_n 3._o 3._o eccles._n c._n 1._o v_o ult_n ult_n chap._n 3._o v._n 11._o 11._o 1_o cor._n c._n 4._o v._n 5._o 5._o 1_o cor._n c._n 13._o v._n 12._o 12._o 1_o john_n c._n 3._o v._n 2._o 2._o 1_o cor._n c._n 13._o v._n 12._o 12._o ecclesiast_n 15._o 3._o 3._o 1_o cor._n c._n 2._o v._n 2._o 2._o isa._n c._n 48._o v._n 17._o 1_o thess._n 4._o joshua_n c._n 10._o ver_fw-la 12._o 12._o expect_a isa._n c._n 38._o v._n 8._o ●_o several_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o copernicus_n the_o earth_n secundum_fw-la totum_fw-la be_v immutable_a though_o not_o immovable_a the_o earth_n can_v secundum_fw-la totum_fw-la remove_v out_o of_o its_o natural_a place_n the_o natural_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o moon_n be_v a_o aetherial_a body_n the_o earth_n centre_n keep_v it_o in_o its_o natural_a place_n gravity_n and_o levity_n of_o body_n what_o it_o be_v all_o celestial_a body_n have_v gravity_n and_o levity_n compressive_a motion_n proper_a to_o gravity_n the_o extensive_a to_o levity_n heaven_n be_v not_o compose_v of_o a_o five_o essence_n differ_v from_o the_o matter_n of_o inferior_a body_n nor_o yet_o a_o solid_a or_o dense_a body_n but_o rare_a rare_a dell_fw-it macchie_n solarj_n solarj_n vnius_fw-la corporis_fw-la simplicis_fw-la unus_fw-la est_fw-la motus_fw-la simplex_fw-la et_fw-la huic_fw-la dua_fw-la species_n rectus_n &_o circularis_fw-la rectus_n duplex_fw-la à_fw-la medio_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la medium_n primus_fw-la levium_fw-la ut_fw-la aeris_fw-la &_o ignis_fw-la secundus_fw-la gravium_fw-la ut_fw-la aquae_fw-la &_o terra_fw-la circularis_fw-la quy_a circa_fw-la medium_n competit_fw-la coelo_fw-la quod_fw-la neque_fw-la est_fw-la grave_n neque_fw-la leave_n arist._n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la lib._n 1._o 1._o vide_fw-la copernicum_fw-la de_fw-la revolutionibus_fw-la coelest_n simple_a motion_n peculiar_a to_o only_o simple_a body_n right_o motion_n belong_v to_o imperfect_a body_n and_o that_o be_v out_o of_o their_o natural_a place_n right_o motion_n can_v be_v simple_a right_o motion_n be_v ever_o mix_v with_o the_o circular_a circular_a aequabilis_fw-la aequabilis_fw-la even_o circular_a motion_n be_v true_o simple_a and_o perpetual_a circular_a motion_n belong_v to_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o the_o right_n to_o its_o part_n circular_a and_o right_a motion_n coincedent_n and_o may_v consist_v together_o in_o the_o same_o body_n the_o earth_n in_o 〈◊〉_d sense_n it_o may_v 〈…〉_z be_v say_v 〈…〉_z the_o low_a 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o world_n christ_n in_o his_o incarnation_n true_o descend_v from_o heaven_n and_o in_o his_o ascension_n true_o ascend_v into_o heaven_n 2_o cor._n c._n 12._o v._n 3._o whether_o in_o the_o body_n or_o out_o of_o the_o body_n i_o can_v tell_v the_o sun_n be_v king_n heart_n and_o lamp_n of_o the_o world_n himself_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d absolute_o independent_a the_o aenigma_fw-la of_o plato_n plato_n circa_n omni●m_fw-la regem_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la &_o secunda_fw-la circa_fw-la secundum_fw-la et_fw-la tertia_fw-la circa_fw-la tertium_fw-la vide_fw-la theodo_fw-la de_fw-fr graec._n affect_v curate_n lib._n 2._o s●euch_n lib._n de_fw-fr parennj_n philoso_n eccles._n c._n 1._o 2._o 3._o and_o almost_o thoout_a thoout_a quod_fw-la fiunt_fw-la vel_fw-la sunt_fw-la sub_fw-la sole_a heaven_n according_a to_o copernicus_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o most_o tenuous_a aether_n but_o different_a from_o paradise_n which_o surpass_v all_o the_o heaven_n heaven_n exod._n 25._o 31._o 31._o my_o author_n follow_v the_o vulgar_a translation_n which_o have_v a_o eligance_n in_o some_o thing_n beyond_o we_o cite_v the_o word_n thus_o fancy_n candelabrum_fw-la ductile_a de_fw-la auro_fw-la mundissimo_fw-la hastile_fw-fr ejus_fw-la &_o calamos_fw-la &_o sphaerulas_n ac_fw-la lilia_n ex_fw-la ipso_fw-la procedentia_fw-la procedentia_fw-la verse_n 12._o 12._o or_o sphere_n sphere_n though_o our_o author_n speak_v here_o positive_o of_o nine_o month_n etc._n etc._n father_n be_v not_o agree_v about_o the_o period_n of_o this_o planet_n nor_o that_o of_o mercury_n as_o you_o may_v see_v at_o large_a in_o ricciolus_n almage_a nov_fw-mi tom._n 1._o part_n 1._o l._n 7._o sect_n 3._o i_o 11._o num_fw-la 11._o page_n 627._o where_o he_o make_v venus_n to_o consummate_v her_o revolution_n in_o near_o 225_o day_n or_o 7_o 12_o mon._n and_o mercury_n in_o about_o 88_o day_n or_o 3_o month_n in_o which_o he_o follow_v kepl._n in_o epitome_n astronom_n p._n 760._o 760._o vers_fw-la 33_o 34._o 34._o 1_o king_n c._n 7._o v._n 49._o 2_o chron._n c._n 4._o vers_fw-la 7._o 7._o exod._n 28._o 33_o 34_o &_o 39_o v_o 24_o 25_o 26._o 26._o sap._n c._n 18._o v._n 24._o 24._o exod._n c._n 28._o v._n 6_o 9_o 17_o 36._o 36._o or_o totus_fw-la orbis_n terrarum_fw-la as_o the_o vulgar_a translation_n have_v it_o it_o numb_a c._n 20._o v._n 5._o 5._o joel_n c._n 1._o 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