is opposed with strong Reasons First If it should come of a slimy and thick flegm then it would often be bred in the Brain and the Stomach in which such flegm doth chiefly abound Neither will it suffice to say that there is not sufficient heat in those parts to harden it because according to the Doctrine of Hippocrates and Galen a gentle heat by a continual action is sufficint to congeal and hence is the reason why old men do more often breed the stone when yong men have hotter Kidneys because the matter of the stone lies longer in old mens Reins by reason of the weakness of the expulsive Faculty and so it 's longer concocted by the heat and at length hardened Secondly From Aristotle 2. meteor cap. 4. they which grow together by heat are melted by moisture as Clay But the stone is never dissolved with water Neither doth it hinder to say that a strong heat makes such a Concretion or growing together that it cannot be dissolved by moisture as in Bricks For first in Man there is not so great a heat then the not dissolving of Bricks with Water is not because of the strong heat they had but rather from the disposition of the Clay for Clay made of common Earth although it be baked in a Furnace wil never be hard as a Brick but alwaies be dissolved with moisture Thirdly From Aristotle in the place mentioned the heat that makes concretion must be dry But there is a continual flowing of moisture into the Reins and Bladder therefore such a drying and hardening cannot be in those parts Fourthly Stones bred in Rivers and Fountains in which there is no heat and in some Dens and Holes that are very cold the water that fals turns into a stone from whence strange shapes do arise Therefore we must find another cause besides heat and another Matter besides clammy and glutinous Flegm Fifthly Flegm made hard is like Chalk and is brittle as you may see in the knots of the Joynts But some stones are like flints which they cannot be from Flegm nor is there so much heat in mans Body to make it so This slimy flegm hath deceived the Physitians of all Ages which is found in the Urine of many Patients and they thought it to be the immediate Cause But they were out For first In the stone of the Kidneys such Urines are seldom made but often in the stone of the Bladder But if this were the matter of the stone it would be alike in both Therefore this Matter depends especially upon the proper Disease of the Bladder for it is an Excrement of it distempered The disease of the Bladder is this we have seen in the Bodies of them who have died of the Stone in the Bladder and who voided much of that matter that the bladder grew fleshy as thick as ones finger or thumb so that it filled the whol Cavity and lay next to the stone till by stopping the Urine it killed the Patient But in those who made thin cleer Urine their bladder was not altered The Reason of these accidents are taken out of Hipp. Aph. 66. Sect. 5. If there be no Tumor in great and evil wounds it is evil And Galen gives the Reason because there is a suspition that the Humors which should come by reason of pain to the wound are gone to some noble part Moreover it is Natural to all parts as Galen lib. de diff febr cap. 11. that they which are stronger send that which hurteth them to the weaker nor do they cease so doing till it come to the weakest So when the part wounded is very weak and therefore fit to receive Humors if they come not thither it is a sign that other parts are very weak which cannot send and that others are weaker than the wounded to which the humors are carried Not only the bad Humors are carried to the wound but also good blood which Nature sends to refresh it All these things are in the bladder that hath the stone A great uneven stone or sharp hurts the Tunicle of the Bladder hence comes pain and weakness And Nature to help it sends more than usual blood and the stronger parts send their superfluiteis These the bladder concocteth as much as may be into its self and so groweth thicker But when it cannot take in all especially the evil Humors hence come many foul Excrements which from the Nature of the part turn so flegmatick But in them who have clear Urine either the stone hurteth not which causeth the attraction or some other parts are weaker than the bladder to which the humors flow But because this Doctrine doth destroy an old Opinion we will confirm it by a cleer Example of the Womb. The Womb is Membranous as the bladder but in Women with Child it is rleshy and thick so that in the last months it is two fingers thick because Nature all the time sends much blood to it to nourish the Child which when the Child doth not wholly consume some part of it is taken into the Womb and so it encreaseth The same is in the Bladder though Preternaturally which in the Womb is Natural that when much blood comes to it it coverts it into its self and grows thicker But if without being with Child the Womb be distempered and made weak then Humors superfluous from other parts come to it which when they cannot be taken into its substance turns to the Whites And that flux is a proper Excrement of the Womb as the flegm is of the bladder The same thing is in the Reins though not so often as when by a stone in them there is pain and weakness Nature sends much blood and humors to them which when they cannot be turned into the substance of the part they are turned into a slimy Excrement which is voided in abundance and this vulgar Physitians take for Matter or Pus which is only flegm or mixed with a little Pus as when by the grating of the stone there is an Ulcer Some Modern Writers being converted with the aforesaid Reasons have made a Juyce which will turn into a stone to be the material cause of the stone called Succus Lapidescens and the efficient to be Spiritus Lapidescens They call the former a certain Humor naturally proper to turn into a stone And this they desire to prove by the breeding of stones in the Earth which are by many Authors said to come of Waters and things cast there into to be hardened presently some Waters in Caves to be made Stones and some part of the Wine groweth to the Vessel called Tartar and Urines that are cleer when they are cold grow to the glass And although the peculiar fitness of the Matter to be thus turned is not sufficiently known yet some say they have found it out saying that it is of Salt mixed with Earth Some Salts do grow hard in the Sun and are easily dissolved in Water and if they be
Seeds and white Poppy Seeds with a little Syrup of Poppies or with the often giving of Conserve of Marsh-mallow flowers Outwardly you may apply this Fomentation following to the Reins Take of Marsh-mallow Roots two ounces Mallows Pellitory of the wall Violets of each one handful Lin-seed Foenugreek and Winter Cherries of each three drams Chamomel Melilot flowers and Water Lillies of each one pugil make a Decoction with which foment the part not with Spunges because they have a saltness in them from the Sea After the Fomentation you may apply this Liniment Take of the Oyl of Violets and of sweet Almonds of each one ounce and an half Oyl of Roses one ounce Mucilage of Marsh-mallow seeds and Foenugreek of each two ounces Saffron one scruple make a Liniment Make this following Injection against the pain of the Bladder Take of Foenugreek and Quince seeds of each one scruple steep them one hour in one pint and an half of Barley Water after strain them and make a moist Mucilage to which add of Oyl of sweet Almonds two ounces Honey of Roses strained one ounce mix them for an Injection And if you inject warm Milk it is excellent for the same purpose In which if you dissolve the Troches of Gordonius you wil compleatly ease pain and cure the Ulcer Chap. 6. Of Diabetes or extraordinary Pissing DIabetes is a quick and plentiful sending forth of Drink by Urine after which there comes a violent Thirst and consuming of the whol Body It is called Diabetes apo tou diabainein from passing through as Water through a Conduit pipe which is called Diabetes This Disease is also called Dipsacos from the unquenchable Thirst and the Piss-pot Dropsie from the continual making of Water It is seldom seen for Galen in 6. de loc aff cap. 3. saith that he saw it but twice The next and immediate Cause of this Disease from Galen and al his followers is held to be a hot distemper of the Reins which makes them draw Water violently from the Veins and send it to the Bladder being not able to contain it themselves the Veins being drawn dry suck from the Liver the Liver from the Guts and Stomach hence comes a continual Thirst after drink which as soon as it is taken it is forthwith carried from the Liver and Veins into the Reins where by its quantity it stiâ—reth up the Expulsive Faculty and burdening the Retentive Faculty it is sent to the Bladder Some suppose that this cause is insufficient because the hot distemper of the Reins is an usual disease but Diabetes is very rare therefore there must be somthing else that is less usual namely a sharp or salt Matter in the Kidneys either of â—holler or of Flegm which doth continually provoke the attractive vertue of them as in Chollerick Feavers there is a Thirst which cannot be quenched from the Chollerick Humor which is fixed to the coat or Tunicle of the Stomach or from Chollerick Vapors sent from some adjacent part into the Stomach by the motion of some putrid Choller which lodgeth there This Opinion is probable but we think good to add thus much to it That the Kidneys alone are not affected in this Disease because Choller and other burnt Humors are first bred in the Liver and therefore they cannot be in any quantity in the Kidneys but the Liver must participate of them And if we may reason where Nature seems to be â—ilent we can say that there is a venemous quality concurring for the producing of this Disease For that kind of Serpent called Dipsacos found in Lybia when it bites any man doth send into him such a poyson as begets an unquenchable Thirst The like kind of venom may be bred in our Bodies by a peculiar corruption of some humors which may cause such a Thirst for Galen testifieth that divers kinds of poysons may breed in our Bodies And if such a kind of poyson may be bred in our Bodies as may cause a detestation of Drink as in Hydrophobia in which the Patient cannot endure the sight of Water or any Drink why may not then there be produced another poyson which hath the contrary quality to cause a great and unquenchable Thirst And hence may be the reason why this Disease is so rare because this kind of poyson is seldom bred but Choller and Salt Flegm and the Diseases from thence are ordinary And as the Disease called Dogs Appetite which is compared to this for the unsatiable desire of meat is ascribed by the wisest Physitians to an occult quality so this unquenchable thirst may be said to come from a peculiar and hidden quality The Signs of this Disease are cleer from what hath been said as an extraordinary making of Water an unquenchable Thirst and a sudden pissing forth of what is drunk a decay of the whol Body for the moisture which would nourish the Body is pissed forth with the drink And though there be often a large Evacuation of Urine in sharp Feavers and other cases yet that is not to be called Diabetes because the aforesaid Symptomes as great Thirst and Consumption of the Body are not joyned therewith The Prognostick of this Disease is deadly for it is incurable except it be in the beginning thereof for it presently brings a Consumption In old men it is more dangerous and when it comes after inordinate Lechery or Agues The Cure is wrought by allaying the hot distemper of the Kidneys and by strengthening them by thickening the Humors that flow unto them and by opposing the malignant quality thereof all which may be done with these Medicines following In the beginning of the Disease while there is strength you may open a Vein for to revel or pluck back and cool the Humors but it must be done divers times and but a smal quantity of blood taken away But if the strength be decayed or if this follow another Disease Phlebotomy must not be You must give Mollifying and Asswaging Clysters to draw forth the Excrements made thus Take of Lettice Purslain Mallows and Plantane of each one handful clensed Barley and red Roses of each one pugil make a Decoction to one pint and an half In the straining dissolve of Diaprunes simple six drams Honey of Roses and Sallet Oyl of each two ounces make a Clyster and use it often You may also give a gentle Purge with Cassia and Pulp of Tamarinds or the Decoction of Plantane Purslain Lettice Tamarinds and Myrobalans with Syrup of Roses Some commend Vomits made of the Decoction of Rhadish Seed and Dwarf-Elder with Oxymel which doth Evacuate and draw from the Ureters To correct the distemper of the said parts and to thicken the Humors Juleps made of the Waters or Decoctions of Lettice Purslain and Plantane with Syrup of Myrtles Quinces and the like and Syrup of Poppies in a smal quantity adding the Pouder of Diatragacanth frigid and the Troches of Sealed Earth and the like Or to astringe more make them
it self For albeit somtimes it is joyned with a Melancholly Humor yet that Humor is seldom begot in the Brain as Flegm is but it is for the most part lodged in the Hypochondria or Parts beneath the Ribs and sent from thence to the Brain whereby most grievous Symptomes are produced The Causes of a Cold and Flegmatick Distemper of the Brain are these 1 Cold and moist Meats which easily turn into Flegm and also in the time of their Concoction by cooling the Stomach and the Liver too much produce abundance of Flegm which after is sent up to the Brain 2 Too great a quantity not only of Meats which are too cold but also of good and wholsom which destroyeth the Natural heat and begetteth Crudities 3 Eating presently after or before meat and before the former meat is concocted whence come many Crudities which send Flegm to the Head 4 The ceasing of a Natural custom of vomiting or purging flegm or the omitting the Custom of taking Purges Sweats Diureticks or provokers of Urine or omitting of accustomed Exercise 5 To be born of Parents troubled with a cold distemper of Brain 6 Old Age which by reason of the decay of Natural heat produceth much Flegm as also Youth by reason of Gluttony and disorderly Diet. 7 A Cold and Moist dweiling neer standing Pools Marshes Fens and great Rivers open to the North winds Snow and Rain 8 Long and deep sleep especially presently after Meat 9 A sedentary idle life without or with too much Care Study or Sorrow because by dispersing the Natural heat especially in the Brain they make it cold 10 To these may be added a hot and moist Liver which sends many Vapors to the Brain which there condense or grow thick and so turn into Flegm The Signs of a cold distemper of the Brain are taken eithr from the Causes above mentioned by the prefence of which we may easily conjecture of the condition of the distemper or they are taken from the effects of the distemper which that they may be particularly examined and tried we shall fetch from their Originals namely from Actions Passions Excrements and Habit of the Body 1 The Animal Actions which declare a cold Distemper of the Brain are these A heavy and dull Mind a slow blockish Wit an unfortunate Memory a great inclination to sleep and long and deep continuance therein except a Catarrh or Defluxion Pain of the Head or Passions of the Mind do hinder it Dreams of Coldness of Waters as Rain Snow Floods Pools Seas and of white things A slowness and dulness of all the Sences Slowness of Motion yet continuance therein because gross Spirits are more difficult to be diffused or dissolved 2 The Passions which declare a Cold Diseases of the Brain are Cold Diseases as Palsies Lethargy Catarrh or Defluxion and many others with which if the sick party have been formerly troubled we may well conjecture that he is subject to this distemper of a cold Brain This will further appear if the sick man be better in clear hot and dry weathr than in cold moist winter and rainy weather Moreover an often and plentiful sending forth of snot and flegm from the Mouth and Nostrils is a clear demonstration of abundance of cold Flegm and moisture in the Brain 3 From the Habit of the Body we may have signs both general and particular of this Distemper The general Signs are taken from the whol Habit or Constitution for if the whol Constitution be cold and moist then without question the Brain which is most cold and moist of all other parts is the same Therefore a Skin which is cold soft smooth and white a Body soft and slow not fleshy with smal veins declare a cold constitution oâ— temper The particular Signs of a cold Brain are in the Head as paleness of Face no Veins to be seen in the Eyes soft hair smooth and thin growing slowly red and not curling continuing the whol life without baldness and when the Head is quickly offended with outward Cold and refreshed with Heat As to the Prognosis or Prognostical part concerning this Distemper It is hard to be cured and often produceth grievous Diseases that which hath been long breeding is most hard to be cured that which is Natural Hereditary and from the Birth is never to be cured as also that which is in old folks if it hath been of long continuance Winter is not a sit time for the Cure of this Distemper but Summer The Cure is wrought from two Indications or Intentions namely by evacuating or discharging the flegm abounding and correcting or qualifying the distemper of the Humor by its contraries which must be done by Diet Chyrurgery and Physick The Diet must be hot and dry and first make choyce of a pure Air somwhat hot and dry but not too hot for that would dissolve and powr forth the humors in the Head too soon and so produce a distillation and other diseases which happen to those who stay long in the Sun or inflame their heads with too neer approach to the fire The Air cannot be too dry so it be temperate in its active qualities but it had better be too hot than too cold Let not the Chamber of the sick party be too little too low nor too moist or filthy but open to dry winds which may pass through In moist cloudy cold times the Chamber air may be altered with hot and sweet Herbs strewed upon floor as Sage Marjoram Lavender Rosemary Tyme or by burning the same or other dry Woods and especially Juniper let the fire be cleer and such as will dry the Air in the Chamber Fumigations if they be not too strong do well to consume moisture but they must be carefully used they must be very gentle and moderate otherwise they do hurt by melting and powring forth the cold humors too speedily which cause defluxions and also you must consider the Patients Constitution in the use of them for some men are presently brought to the Head-ach by any strong scent having their heads presently filled with the vapor A temperate and proper Fumâ—gation is made of the purest Amber putting little pieces thereof upon the Coals it 's no way offensive dries well and strengthens the Brain especially the Indian Amber called Gum. Animi or you may prescribe this following which is thus compounded Take Wood Aloes and Benjamin of each two drams of Storax called Styrax Calamita one dram and an half Frankinsence and Sandarach of each two scruples Gum-Animi and Cloves of each half a dram Make a gross Pouder of them to be thrown upon the Embers Southernly winds and those that cause Rain are to be avoided night-air and especially Moon-shine which much offend the Brain Very cold and North Winds are to bewared of especially when they suddenly are changed from the South for such a wind doth squeeze a Brain full of moist excrements and sends them down into the Body even as a mans hand squeezeth
one ounce the Conserve of Sage and Rosemary flowers of each six drams Nutmeg candied half an ounce one candied Myrobalan old Treacle and confection of Alkermes of each three drams of the Pouder Diambra and Diamoschi dulcis of each one dram with the Syrup of Citron Barks make it up And let him take every morning two hours before meat the quantity of a Chessnut drink after it a little wine and water This following Balsom doth more strongly corroborate the brain of which he may take now and then three or four drops in wine or broth Take of the Chymical Oyl of Nutmegs three drams Oyl of Marjoram Rosemary and Amber of each half a dram Musk and Amber-greese of each one scruple with a little Oyl of a Mans Skull mix them together You may make the Oyl of a mans Skull thus Take the shavings or raspings of a Skull that was never buried put them in a Retort or Still so called in as much white Wine as will suffice Let them stand in Balneo Mariae that is a kettle of warm water for some time then distill it in Sand till it is dry and you shall find the Oyl swimming upon the Water which is drawn off Anoint your Nostrils within with this Balsom every night and it wil strengthen the Brain wonderfully There is another cheaper for to anoint the Nostrils with which is Take the Oyl of Orange Flowers two drams white Wax one dram melt them gently and put thereto Oyl of Amber half a dram of the Chymical Oyls of Sage and Rosemary of each fifteen drops Oyl of Spike five drops mix them together It is also very good for the drawing away of the matter which breeds continually in the Brain by an issue in the hinder part of the neck Lastly The Baths which come out of Brimstone Niter Bitumen as those called Bellilucanae are very good for the drying and strengthening of the Brain if it be washed therewith for some daies after general evacuations are made Daily experience teacheth us that most grievous Head-Diseases coming of cold Distempers are thereby cured It is profitable also to drink those Waters for the strengthening of the stomach which alwaies doth sympathize with the head Therefore I set down this digestive Pouder Take of Coriander seed prepared one ounce Annis seeds and sweet Fennel Seeds of each three drams Cinnamon and Nutmeg of each two drams Coral Ivory and Pearl prepared of each one scruple Sugar of Roses as much as all the rest or for rich folk twice as much of which let him take a spoonful after every meal not drinking or eating for three hours after CHAP. II. Of Drouzie Diseases called Coma Lethargy Carus and Apoplexy THere are four kinds of Preternatural sleep namely Coma Apoplexy Carus and Lethargie We wil speak of them together in this Chapter because they proceed from the same Causes and are cured all the same way These four Diseases differ one from another after this manner In the Disease called Coma Cataphora or Subeth according to Avicen is a deep sleep but such an one as from which the Patient is raised openeth his eyes and answereth but presently he is again in a deep sleep In a Lethargie the sleep is like that of Coma but it is joyned with a Feaver and Frenzy or Dotage In Carus there is no Feaver as in Lethargy but in Carus the sleep is more deep and profound so that when the sick party is rowsed up he scarce opens his Eyes and answers not as in the former but yet being pinched he is sensible and his breath comes freely In Apoplexy the sleep is most deep and a total privation of sence and motion except breathing and so therefore the sick doth neither open his eyes answer nor feel when he is hurt as also he breatheth very difficultly There are many Causes of these Diseases The first and chief cause is Flegm and waterish humor contained in the brain of which when there is but a smal quantity that moisteneth and cooleth the substance of the brain stopping up its â—ores and passages cometh Coma. But if the same quantity of Humor so gathered together become putrified and corrupt or grow into a tumor or swelling or be dispersed throughout the brain it procureth a Lethargie When it is gathered in a greater quantity without corruption and that the humor is sucked up into the substance of the brain it causeth a Carus And lastly When the humor is in so great a quantity that it doth not only fill the brain but also the ventricles thereof stopping and straitening them and also when it doth offend the Original of the Nerves which comes from the brain and is placed in the basis or bottom of the Skull and when it hindereth the passage of the Animal Spirit it begets an Apoplexy Secondly Sleepy Diseases spring also from abundance of blood in the brain for if the store of blood contained be more raw waterish and cold it thickens the Animal Spirits and makes them unfit to move as also the abundance of humor charging the brain hindereth the free passage of the Spirits and according as the humor is more or less in quantity more or less in coldness it produceth a greater or a lesser Disease So that both Coma Carus and Apoplexy may be caused thereby But drowsie Diseases especially the Apoplexy are usually caused by blood out of its Vessels stopping and compressing the Ventricles of the brain and that falleth out either from a vein broken in the brain or from an over fulness of the Vessels or from some great bruise or contusion of the head or from some cut or punctured wound by which the veins of the brain are divided and so send forth much blood And the Fracture only of the Skul compressing of the brain may produce a dulness drowsiness or sleeping Disease Thirdly It is without doubt that a Tumor in the brain burdening it with its weight may produce a sleepy disease This is reported by Platerus to be found in a certain Barron who for a long time was sortish and sleepy did nothing rationally nor desired meat neither did eat any thing but what was forced into him went not to bed but by compulsion but would sit al day at the Table leaning on his arm with his eyes shut neither did he answer at any time without much asking and importunity and then very little to the purpose After his death his Skul was opened and there was found in his brain a great Kernel hard and of a callous body the cause whereof might be some stroak upon the head which he had received long before the beginning of his Disease Fourthly Many Vapors flying into the Brain may be the cause of a sleepy disease for if the vapors be many and gross that they burden the animal Spirits and darken them as with a mist even as the clouds in the greater world darken and obscure the beams of the Sun But if they be overmoist they do so
this Remedy Outwardly you may use some Chymical Balsoms against Apoplexies of which there are divers We wil only discover one of the best unto you Take of the Oyl of Nutmegs by Expression half an ounce Ambergreece Musk and Civit of each one scruple the distilled Oyls of Spike Amber Cinnamon Rosemary Cloves of each half a scruple With this Balsom touch the pallat every morning and drop some into the ears and snuff some into the nostrils For this purpose the distilled Oyl of Nutmegs used in the same manner is much commended Lastly We must observe That in the Cure of these Diseases we must use less hot things and lose more blood when the Disease is caused of blood and also we must mix Medicines that purge Choller with those that purge Flegm They which have been troubled with any of these Diseases and are cured do use many times to relapse and fal into the same again which that you may prevent you must correct the cold Distemper of the Brain as before is taught by which Method you may prevent either Apoplexy Carus Lethargy or Coma. And if the Brain be very cold after general Evacuations you may often use Aqua Apoplectica or these Tablets or Lozenges following Take of Amber-greece half a scruple the distilled Oyl of Annis seeds Cinnamon and Nutmegs of each three drops Oyl of Cloves one drop Sugar dissolved in Orange-flower-water four ounces Make these into Lozenges and let him take a dram or two of it every morning Pills to strengthen the Head are thus made Take of Cubebs Mastich Nutmeg Cloves of each one dram Amber-greese half a dram of Musk six grains With Juyce of Marjoram make Pills and let him take one scruple at a time twice in a week at his going to bed This Pouder is much in use and is much commended Take of White Amber half an ounce of the Pouder of the Electuary called Diarrhodon Abbatis two drams of Peony Roots one dram and an half Make a Pouder of them and take a dram at a time in any Water for that purpose before every New Moon It is good to hold Nutmeg in the Mouth and to chew it very often Sweet Perfumes are to be used to the Nose especially the Apoplectick Balsom Use Spices with Meat after Meat a digestive Pouder mentioned in the Cure of the cold Distemper of the Head If you fear a sleepy Disease wil come from too much blood you must first take some away by the Arm and use al means to make the Piles or Hemorrhoid Veins to bleed which is very good for which you must purge with Senna and Rhubarb and with cooling things If you fear an Apoplexy from Melancholly you must purge Melancholly and provoke the Hemorrhoids and give the Medicines prescribed for the strengthening of the Brain especially that pouder which is made of white Amber Diarrhodon and Peony Roots CHAP. III. Of Waking Coma. THE Disease called Waking Coma or Coma vigil is put among sleeping Diseases yet because it is of another Condition different from the rest we will treat of it in this Chapter by it self This Coma vigil is a Disease in which the Patient lieth with his eyes shut as if he were asleep when he is awake and distracted and if you touch him he presently openeth his eyes and looks strangely and falls asleep again which is hindered by divers strange imaginations and fancies This Disease Galen placeth as a mean between a Frenzy and a Lethargy and calleth it Typhomania The usual Cause of this Disease is Choller mixed with Flegm by which humors the Brain is made too moist or it is swelled or inflamed from whence either the Tumor called Erisypelas oedematosum or oedema Erisypelatosum But because those humors are diversly mixed somtimes a greater proportion of the one than of another it comes to pass that the Diseases from them are divers for if Choller be chief then it is a Delirium or Dotage and the sick man sleepeth but little though his eyes be shut but if Flegm prevail the Patient doth sleep more and is less doting and being raised makes less noise and is not so foolish This Coma vigil comes by sympathy from Chollerick vapors mixed with Flegmatick that fly into the Head which happens in Feavers that come from mixed Humors especially in half Tertians which are made of a Tertian and a Quotidian We may safely affirm that this Disease cometh from Vapors simply hot and moist in strong Feavers because sleep comes from moisture and waking comes from heat The Diagnosis or knowledg of this Disease is plain enough by what hath been said That they which have it lie with their eyes shut and seem to sleep yet they cannot sleep but toss and tumble lift themselves up suddenly strive to get out of the bed and then fall again asleep The divers Causes are easily known from what hath been said This Disease is accounted dangerous if the Brain have a Swelling or Inflamation or if it be overcome with the humors above mentioned namely Choller and Flegm or if it come of vapors which arise from the malignant Humors of a Pestilent Feaver If the Dotage or Delirium be strong it produceth a Convulsion for it comes of a Humor or vapor which is very sharp which falling upon Nervous parts causeth a Convulsion A true Coma vigil is cured as a Frenzy and Lethargy and if it incline most to a Frenzy then the Medicines proper for that are most to be used if to a Lethargy then the Medicines proper for that But a Coma that cometh by Sympathy is cured by curing the Malignant Feaver from whence it cometh but the more peculiar Remedies must also be used which draw and keep humors from the Brain in the beginning of the Disease as bleeding in the Arm and Foot Vinegar of Roses applied to the Forehead Clysters Cupping glasses to the Shoulders Back Buttocks Thighs opening the Head Vein applying Leeches to the Temples and behind the Ears and laying living Creatures to the Head to dissolve the Humor CHAP. IV. Of the Sleeping Diseases called Catoche and Catalepsis or Congelation THere is some Confusion among Authors about this Catoche for some take it for Coma vigil Waking Coma others for Catalepsis Paulus gave them the cause of their difference in his Third Book and the Eighth Chapter he treats of a two-fold Catoche and first under that name he speaks of a Coma vigil in the end under the same name he speaks of Catalepsis Custom hath brought it to pass that Catoche and Catalepsis are taken for one and the same Disease in all Authors the Latins call it commonly Congelation or stiffness of the Body It is a Disease seldom seen and to be admired and those Authors which have seen the Disease do think it so much worth the observation as to describe the whol passage and History of it First of all Galen in his first Comment Prorrhet Sect. 2. Part 56. mentioneth a story of a School-fellow
the Patient being fasting may sit so covered over it that the Water may not touch him but the vapor only Or you may sweat him with a dry Bath called commonly Stuphes Let the vapor of the former Decoction be received from red hot flints upon which it hath been â—prinkled A Decoction of Burdock and other Dock Roots is much commended for provoking sweat But our women use the Decoction of Danewort called Ebulus for this and diseases of the joynts by which they provoke sweat violently When the Patient hath sweat enough get him to bed and give one dram of Treacle with any proper Water distilled He must bath thus twice or thrice in a week In Autumn he must hold his Limbs in the hot Grapes or Wine-press an hour or two and afterwards anoint them with a proper Oyntment before mentioned this is to be done all the time of the Vintage Lastly Sulphur or Brimstone baths of Niter and Bitumen before mentioned are very agreeable and many times go beyond al other Medicines if the Patient use them some daies for drink bathing and washing the head after that anoâ—nt it with one of the Liniments prescribed The Chymicks â—ave many Remedies for the Cure of this Disease Among which the best are Elixir Propâ—ieâ—aâ—is Spirit of Tartar and Ballom of Galbanum All the time of the Diâ—eaâ—e let the parts affected be wrapt in the skins of Foxes Hairs or Lambs A Palâ—ey which comes from Choller or Melancholly requires the same Cure which is prescribed in the Cure oâ— Hypochondriack Melancholly but when the Disease is more Chollerick you must make choyce of those Medicines which are more cold CHAP. VI. Of a Convulsion SPasmus Cramp or Convulsion is an involuntary and continued retraction of the Nerves and Muscles to their Original Convulsion is two-fold The one Proper to which the Definition mentioned agreeth The other Improper which is called a Convulsive Motion and they are thus distinguished In a true Convulsion the retraction of the Muscles is alwaies but in a Convulsive Motion the retraction is every time new Moreover in a true Convulsion the Limb is immovable in a Convulsive Motion it is moved divers waies as in the Falling-sickness which is the chief of Convulsive Motions They differ also in respect of their Causes for a true Convulsion is either from Fulness or Emptiness but a Convulsive Motion is from Irritation or provocation Lastly they are distinguished in that the true Convulsion comes from the Disease only the Convulsive Motion from the faculty alone Which that Novices may rightly understand they must know that Galen in his Second Book de sympt caus chap. 1. hath thus distinguished the symptoms of a depraved Motion Some saith he are only the work of Nature which is constrained to move so from some violent cause Others accompany diseases Nature not assisting their production Others are by the agreement and concurrence of Nature and the Disease Now Galen by the name of Nature understands a Faculty the Operations of the Faculty are Neesing Coughing Yawning Reaching and Hiccoughs But the operations of the Disease only is Palpitation and Convulsion But the operation of both the Disease and Faculty is Trembling and imperfect Palsey or Resolution From Galens words above mentioned there ariseth a great difficulty when he mentions the Hiccoughs in the operations of the Faculty for it continueth by Irritation or provocation and is a Convulsive Motion But Galen recites a Convulsion among those operations which come only from the Disease Yet Hippocrates in his 39. Aphorism and Sect. 6. affirmeth that the Hiccough and Convulsion come of fulness and emptiness and repletion and inanition or fulness and emptiness make only a true Convulsion For the resolving of which difficulty we say that the word Repletion or fulness in its large sence comprehends Provocation according to many Authors because the provoking causes are material and therefore do in some sort fill the parts in which they are contained but thus Repletion is not the immediate cause of Hiccoughs but the mediate because it doth provoke the part in which it is to expulsion by its quantity or quality Lastly We must know and observe Hippocrates and Galen do declare a Convulsive Motion by the general name of a Convulsion so that they cannot be distinguished but by the differences mentioned Again A true Convulsion is divided into a total one by which almost the whol body is contracted and a partial one which is only in some one Member An Universal or total Convulsion is caused either from the Brain when the Muscles of the Face are pluckt together as well as the whol Body Or from the Spinal Marrow when the Muscles that move the Head and Spina or Back either before or behind or both are pluckt and drawn together Whence arise three kinds of Convulsions The first called Emprostotonos when the Body with the Neck and Head is violently contracted and drawn forward so that the Chin is joyned to the Breast and the Body looks like the keel of a Ship nay it is somtimes like a Bow and somtimes round and the Head of the Patient is joyned to his Knees and then the two Muscles which bend the Head forward are chiefly affected The Second is called Opistotonos when the Body is drawn backward and in that either the twelve Muscles which extend the head or some of them are drawn together The third is called Tetanos when the Muscles both before and behind are equally contracted and the parts drawn by the opposite Muscles being ballanced remain stiff and straight and that is called Motus Tonicus which is a most violent springing from the contention of al the Muscles A Particular Convulsion is made from the contraction of the Muscle of some part coming from the hurt of that Nerve which is ordained for his motion and somtimes it hath a peculiar name from the effect or symptome So the Convulsion of those Muscles which move the Eyes is called Strabismus of the Jaws and Temples is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Convulsion of the Mouth by Contraction of the broad Muscle on the one side is called Spasmus Cynicus a dog Convulsion and a wresting of the mouth but if the contraction be on both sides it is called Risus Sardonicus or a grinning But the wryness of the mouth may be without a Convulsion namely from the Resolution of one Muscle which being resolved the muscle on the other side draws it to the sound part and there is a distortion or wryness which is improperly called a Convulsion The Convulsion of the muscles of the Yard is called Satyriasis or Priapismus Other Convulsions want proper names But the immediate causes of a Convulsion according to the Opinion of Hippocrates and Galen are Repletion and Inanition or fulness and emptiness as above mentioned And this Opinion is confirmed by the Example of a Lute or Harp strings which use to be stretched which Instance Galen doth bring most elegantly in his Book
of Palpitation of trembling and shaking chap. 8. and his third Book of Parts affected chap. 6. and his second Book of the Causes of Symptomes chap. 2. and his Comment upon Aphor. 39. Sect. 6. For saith he while the strings are moist and filled with humor as it falls out when the wind is Southernly they are stretched and so broken and when they are over dry as it happens in Northern weather they are contracted and also broken So the Reins of a Bridle drying too neer the fire are contracted when they were before extended with too much moisture the same befals the Nerves which being either too full of moisture or too dry are stretched and contracted and the Muscles into which they are united are so drawn back to their principal or original from whence all the Body hath a Convulsion The Mediate Causes of a Convulsion which make Repletion and Emptiness are divers And first the Causes of Repletion are recited by Galen in his Book of Trembling chap. last to the increase of flegm and inflamation a waterish Humor flowing to the Nerves is supposed to stretch them in their breadth which must needs make them shorter But here is a very great difficulty which is propounded by divers Authors but is resolved perfectly and plainly by none namely what difference there is between the cause of a Palsey and of a Convulsion when both come from a water flowing upon the Nerves why that matter which makes a Palsey which so fills the Nerves that it stops all their passages or pores whereby the Animal Spirits are hindred in their motion doth not also stretch the Nerves in breadth and cause also a Convulsion and why the matter causing a Convulsion filling the Nerves doth not also stop the passages and cause a Palsey when contrarily in a Convulsion the feeling remaineth and the part affected for the most part is very much pained For the resolving of this doubt Authors are much divided and the most ingenious of them all confess that is beyond their capacity Most witty Averroes considering of this Point breaks forth in this expression I would I knew the reason saith he why the Nerves are extended in their breadth and not in their length And presently after he saith Know ye that the words of all Physitians that write of this Symptome are more proper to Fidlers and Singers than to Demonstrators or such as should make things plain And Ingenuous Argenterius in his Comment upon the 26. Aphor. Sect. 2. speaks thus It is not easie to render a reason of all things and especially why Water which is said to be the cause of the Palsey or resolution of Nerves and of the Convulsion should somtimes bring one and somtimes another when it is the same matter and the same parts are affected namely the Nerves why should not the same Disease be alwaies produced Thus Argenterius The great difficulty of this matter hath distracted all Writers into divers Opinions so that some have left the Doctrine of Hippocrates and Galen among whom are Averroes Erastus Platerus Cesalpinus Sennertus and others whose divers Opinions and long Disputations we cannot attend to repeat for we desire to be very short and lay aside all Controversies only adhaering to those things which are most necessary for Cure The Opinion of the soundest Writers which are unwilling to dissent from Galen comes to this That a Convulsion is caused of a thick matter which extendeth the Nerves in their breadth and contracteth them in their length and that a Palsey comes of a thin humor which runs through the substance of the nerve and softeneth it but doth not open the pores and passages But this doth not satisfie a soul that is greedy of Truth For if a thick humor by filling the Nerve doth stretch it broader why doth it not also fill its pores and stop the insensible passages and hinder the coming in of the Animal Spirit and so bring a Palsey and why doth not a Convulsion follow a Palsey in process of time when a thin humor long sticking upon a part must needs grow thick even as the serous matter which makes the Arthritis or Joynt-gout by long continuance upon the part causeth the matter which makes the stone Others say that in a Convulsion only the external part of the Nerve which is Membranous and tender is possessed with the humor but in a Palsey the Internal but this giveth less satisfaction For when the Nerves are for the most part slender it is not easie to conceive how the humor should only possess the external part and not the internal or the internal and not the external Or leastwise if this could be so a Convulsion would follow a Palsey and a Palsey a Convulsion by the increase of the matter and that which at first did only possess the outward or the inward part in process of time would seize upon the whol Nerve Therefore we although we cannot satisfie ourselves in this great Difficulty while better Arguments are propounded suppose that those Objections may be taken off thus A Convulsion and a Palsey differ in this A Palsey is made of a pure watery humor without mixture which doth not extend the parts but softeneth them as we may see in the tumor called oedema but a Convulsion is caused of the same humor but not pure and simple but mixed with much wind by which wind the Nerves are stretched and the Muscles also which are contracted to their Original For no cause can be thought upon more fit to make so great a contraction than wind which Galen acknowledgeth in his second Book de sympt caus chap. 2. and Experience teacheth us that the greatest distentions are made especially by wind as we may see in the dropsie called Tympanites and the Chollick And in Convulâ—ions those are the greatest which are caused of wind which stretcheth and distendeth the parts By this Argument all the aforesaid Objections are answered For if it be demanded Why that flegm or water which maketh a Convulsion doth not bring a Palsey by hindering the passage of the Spirits we may answer That it is in so smal a quantity that it cannot stop the insensible passages of the Nerves and that it is so extenuated and made thin by much wind that it cannot produce a stoppage or obstruction Or we may say that wind is the chief cause of Convulsions which Galen acknowledgeth in the place mentioned And in his 6. Book de loc affect cap. ult he makes the only cause of a Priapism which is the Convulsion of the Yard to be wind The other Cause of a Convulsion coming from Repletion which Galen mentions in the place ciâ—ed is the Inflamation of the Nervous parts especially in the Original of the Nerves or neer to its original by which they are stretched and that Inflamation is either from a cause only internal namely from a flux of blood upon the part or of an outward cause as of a wound contusion or
goeth by fits when in a Coma it comes all at once A true Epilepsy is distinguished from an Epilepsy by consent thus In the true there appears many signs of the Brain affected as heaviness of mind and slowness decay of memory troublesom sleep with dreams dulness of sences slowness and idleness of Body pain of the head and other things Moreover the sick man doth not perceive the fit coming but is suddenly taken therewith unawares at the new Moon for the most part The due proportion of the inferior parts being without blemish do confirm this sign But we may know whether it come from the right or left side of the head most By this either the sight of one eye is more obscured or the hearing more thick with the noise of the head on that side or if the right or left side be more dull But we may know from what humor especially an Epilepsy cometh by those signs which declare when flegm choller or melancholly abound An Epilepsy by consent is thus known There appear no signs of a distempered Brain the Patient perceives his Disease Coming and a wind rising from the parts below or some lower part is weakened or else affected strongly in the time of the fit These things following do shew that the Cause of an Epilepsy is in the stomach Disdain of meat an inability to fast loathing vomiting pain of the stomach gnawing pricking and distention somtimes beating of the heart which ariseth from the Stomach That the disease comes from the Liver or Spleen appears by often belching and breaking of wind a swelling of the belly with rumbling and noise sowr belchings straitness of the Midrif and pain somtimes reaching to the back besides some distemper in inferior parts An Hysterick fit or the Mother mixt with Convulsions if a retaining of the Courses or Seed went before shews that it comes from the Womb. If the Epilepsy comes from an external part some wind is perceived to rise from that part and the matter causing the Disease somtimes tickleth and beateth in the part which is a sign there is a fit at hand and if that part be tied hard the fit is hindred Lastly The Signs of worms shew that the disease come from them as stinking sowr Breath itching of the Nose pain of the Belly earthy Excrements grating of the teeth sleepiness and the like especially if somtimes worms are voided But the extraordinary Causes as Imposthumation foulness of a Bone stopping of urine and the like may be taken from their proper signs As to the Prognostick An Epilepsy is a Disease of long continuance and very stubborn and deadly in Infants An Epilepsy coming haereditary is incurable but that which comes from external causes and evil diet is curable An Epilepsy coming before fourteen yeers of age in Boyes and twelve in Girls is curable after twenty five yeers of age it is incurable out of Hippocrates Aph. 7. Sect. 5. For in the time of ripeness of Age there is great store of Natural heat which is powerful to discuss-Diseases Moreover at that time women begin to have their terms by which the uncleanness of the Body is purged Yet although Hippocrates supposed an Epilepsy to be incurable after twenty five yeers of age yet this is not alwaies true for we find by experience that many have been cured after although but seldom seen therefore we may say that the Aphorism is true for the most part A strong Epilepsy often killeth the Patient in the fit or it turns into an Apoplexy or by reason of the strength of the symptomes and the violent shaking of the Brain the Fabrick of the Body it is overthrown and some parts thereof are broken and it happens somtimes that pieces of the bones called Processus Mammillares come out of the Nose An Epilepsy coming of Melancholly turns somtimes into madness when the humor is sent from the Ventricles of the Brain into the substance thereof The same humor when it is only in the Ventricles of the Brain stopping them and paining them causeth an Epilepsy But when it offends the substance of the Brain which is the seat of the chief â—unctions by defiling its Natural temper and corrupting the Animal Spirits and darkening them it makes a Mâ—lancholly doting Hence Hippocrates 6. epid sect 8. text 40 saith that Melancholly men turn for the most part Epileptick and Epileptick to Melancholly But these Diseases thus change in a two-fold respect either by the change of the matter causing the Disease from its proper seat and so when one comes another goes or by the propagation of the matter and then both remain An Epilepsy coming of flegm turns either into an Apoplexy or a Palsey A Quartan Ague coming upon an Epilepsy and continuing long cureth it by reason the matter of the Diseaâ—e is by degrees coâ—â—â—â—ned by the heat of the Feaver if it be of flegm but if it come of Melancholly it is sent from the part affected to the place where the ground of the disease lieth that it may supply matter to the new sits The â—ure of the Epilepsy is two-fold the one in the fit the other out of it Physitians are seldom called to the Cure of the fit except it continue over long in which cafe those Remedies which we laid down in the Cure of sleepy Diseases especially the Apoplectick Water the Cinnamon Water Aqua vitae and other Spirits which are very proper to discuss the fit Out of your fit you must vary your Cure as the Cause requires And first we shal lay down the Cure of a proper Epilepsy which consists in Evacuation of humors throughout the body in the discussing of the matter of the Disease and rectifying its evil qualities as also in strengthning of the Brain And since the matter offending in a true Epilepsy is for the most part Flegm we will direct our general Cure in oppoâ—â—tion to that admonishing yong beginners that if Choller or Melancholly abound they would prepare and purge them But the specifical Remedies are alwaies the same of what cause soever the Disease doth come For a perfect Cure we must thus proceed First Give him a Potion to purge flegm or some other Medicine to that purpose which the Patient can best take mentioned in the first Chapter First giving a Clyster if his body be bound After if there be signs of Repletion or if the party be Sangume he must be let blood otherwise not Afterwards the Universal Cure of the cold distemper of the Brain is to be followed with this Caution That to the Decoctions Apozemes Diets Sweats Syrups Chewings and head Pouders you ad the Root and Seed of Peony and Misleto of the Oak which all ancient Authors hold to be most proper for the Cure of this disease For his Dâ—et Guajacum is the best Sweater By the use of which Jachinus reports that he cured many but let it be continued thirty or fourty daies To every Dose of the Sudorifick Decoction put some drops
able to exercise a voluntary Motion perfectly The Spirits are made weak either by a fault in themselves or by a defect in the Nerves which are the Conduit Pipes by which they are carried and do act The fault is in the Spirits either when they are but few at the first or when they are afterwards dissipated They are few at the first either by reason of the cold distemper of the Brain as in old men or through the want of vital Spirits which are the matter of which the animal are made The Spirits are dissipated from many external Causes as immoderate Evacuations much use of Venery and unseasonable great pain and constant fasting sorrow and long violent Diseases The Spirits are hurt by defect in the Nerves and are weakned either when the Nerves are too cold or are infected with a malignant quality or obstructed or compressed They grow too cold either from a cold Air from use of cold meats or much drinking of Water swimming often in cold water and the like They are infected by the use of Opium Henbane Poppy and the vapor of Quick-silver as it is seen in Gold-smiths and them which have the French Pox and have been cured with the fume of Cinnaber So in malignant Feavers tremblings come also which are rather to be accounted Convulsive Motions and also they come from the provocation or irritation of the Nervous parts They are stopped not wholly as in a Palsey but much less but by the same cause namely a watery humor gently sprinkled upon the Nerves which is produced of gluttony drunkenness and other Causes Lastly Trembling may come from compression of the Nerves when excrementitious humors abounding in the whol Body do compress the Nerves and hinder the free passage of the Animal Spirits Hercules Saxonia besides the causes mentioned borrowed from Galen acknowledgeth another Tremor coming of wind and Cardanus another from pain in nervous parts But they are deceived because the Motion produced from those Causes are to be referred to Palpitation or Convulsive Motion There is no need of signs in this disease because trembling appears of it self But the Causes that produce it are to be known by their proper signs as also we must search for those external Causes which went before As for the Prognostick Trembling of it self is not dangerous but if it be in old people it continueth with them til they die But it may be deadly by accident in as much as it usually goes before a Palsey or an Apoplexy You must Cure Trembling as you cure the Palsey and therefore we shall not make vain repetitions of Medicines CHAP. XI Of Phrenitis or Phrenzie A Phrenzy is an Inflamation of the Brain and its Membranes with a continual dotage and a a sharp constant Feaver By the word Inflamation we understand a true Tumor which is commonly called a contracted Inflamation coming of Blood out of the Vessels falling upon the substance of the part for the Blood being hot and Chollerick and in the Membranes or substance of the Brain causeth a true Erysipelas or an Erysipelas Phlegmonodes or Phlegmon Erysipelatodes By Delirium or Doting we understand the erring of Reason for we suppose that fault cannot be in the Imagination alone without a fault be in the Reason in a Phrenzy whatsoever others think we are led by the Authority of Galen who in his Book of the Difference of Symptomes chap. 3. gives an Example of one Theophilus a Physitian who thought Fidlers sate continually in a corner of his house playing and beleeved that he saw them somtimes standing somtimes sitting and cried continually that they should be cast out of doors And Galen saith that in him the Imagination was hurt without the Reason First therefore we may say that Theophilus had not a Phenzy for Galen doth not say that he had but speaking of a Delirium which Theophilus had therefore it was rather Melancholly because they somtimes err in one object and discourse wel concerning other so saith Galen of Theophilus that he had wisdom in other things both to discourse and to know his friends But we say further of Theophilus that not only his Imagination but also his Reason was hurt because he really thought the Fidlers were there and desired they should be put forth For when the Imagination alone is hurt the Reason being not hurt acknowledgeth the error of Imagination as in a Vertigo in which the Patient thinks al things run round but Reason knoweth that it is not so indeed but that Imagination doth err Nor is the Opinion of Eustachius Rudius to be received in this case who saith That it never comes to pass that the Imagination should be hurt the Reason being sound because Reason worketh upon Phantasms received from the Imagination and therefore if foolish Phantasms are offered to the Reason he thinks it necessary that the Understanding beholding those foolish fansies should also be foolish And hence Eustachius gathers that the Imagination is not depraved but there is a meer and simple deceit of the sight We say that the understanding doth run from one thing to another and is busied about those Species which are retained in the Memory and though the Fansie presents absurdities to the Mind yet the Species before received are still retained in the Memory and are presented to the Reason it can know and correct that mistake of the Fansie namely if it judg that those absurd fansies which are brought to it by a depraved Imagination do neither agree with time place or other circumstances which still remain in the Memory and are known to be true So in a Vertigo Reason being in order judgeth that it is impossible that Roofs Walls and Pavements should turn round and therefore they are falsly represented to the Imagination So the Phylosopher that was bit with a mad dog and his Imagination began to decay going into a Bath perceived the false Image of a Dog therein but Reason being sound reproved the error of his Imagination and made him speak thus What hath a Dog to do in a Bath and presently he cast himself into the Bath by which means he was delivered from the danger of a Disease called Hydrophobia or fear of Water There are two kinds of Phrenzie namely a true Phrenzy which is laid down in the Definition above mentioned Another which is called Paraphrenitis or Bastard Phrenzy A true Phrenzy is somtimes in the Disposition which is most usual somtimes in the Habit which is called Hectical Phrenzy in which the Chollerick Humors are strongly fixed in the Brain and possess many parts thereof sticking thereto like a tincture or dye A Paraphrenitis or bastard Phrenzy is when a hot distemper is communicated to the Brain either from the whol Body as in burning Feavers or from some part inflamed as the Stomach Liver Lungs and especially the Diaphragma or Midriff which by inflamation doth produce a Disease very like a Phrenzy namely a contâ—nual Dotage called Delirium which cometh to
Sulphur or Vitriol for those do much allay the heat of Choller Take of the four great cold Seeds six drams white Poppy seeds two drams Barley Water half a pint Lettice and Water-lilly Water of each two ounces Rose water one ounce Make an Emulsion according to art to two Doses putting thereto Syrup of Violets two ounces Take of Conserve of Violets and Roses of each one ounce Conserve of Water-lillies and candied Lettice stalks of each half an ounce the pouder of Diamargariton frigid half a dram With the Syrup of Violets make an Electuary You may also make an Electuary of white Poppy Seed beaten in a stone Mortar and mixt with Sugar this may be called Diacodium album this temperates sharp and hot humors and brings rest it is made of one ounce of Poppy seeds beaten with so much Rose water after put two ounces of Sugar to it Or make it of equal parts of each Outwardly you must apply cold Epithems to the Heart and Liver Take of Rose water three ounces Borrage Bugloss and Sorrel Water of each two ounces white Wine Vinegar half an ounce the pouder of three Sanders one dram and an half of burnt Ivory half a dram Wood of Aloes one scruple Saffron eight grains Camphire six grains Make an Epitheme for the Heart Take of Lettice and Rose Water of each three ounces Endive and Purslain Water of each two ounces Vinegar of Roses one ounce white and red Sanders and burnt Ivory of each one scruple Camphire and Spicknard of each six grains the pouder of Diarrhodon one dram Make an Epitheme for the Liver Let the Liver and the Loyns be anointed with this Oyntment Take of the Vnguent of Roses one ounce and an half the cerate of Sanders one ounce the Juyce of Lettice and Oyl of Roses of each half an ounce Make a Liniment Let the Breast be anointed with supling Oyls as Oyl of Violets and the like Apply cloaths wet in Water and Vinegar to the Stones or Cods or which is better let them be wet with Rose water and Vinegar It is good to wash the feet with an actually hot decoction made of cold things for it will soften those parts by its hot moisture and make the humors descend and its potential coldness will be communicated to al the Body and to the Brain especially by the Nerves whereby sleep will be provoked It is made thus Take of Violets Mallows Willow Leaves Vine Leaves Water-lillies of each two handfuls the flowers of Roses and Water-lillies of each one handful Poppy heads ten Make a Decoction for the use aforesaid Fair Water may suffice to wash the Feet and if the feet of the sick man be put therein when it is a little warmed for three or four hours it frees him from his Delirium and makes him sleep The same effect is wrought by Housleek beaten into a Cataplasm and laid to the soals of the feet and also by Pompions or Guords beaten and so applied Sweet Scents often applied to the Nose cool the Brain they are prepared after this manner following Take of Violet flowers and Water-lillies of each one pugil of Roses two pugils yellow Sanders one scruple Tie them in a clout and dip it into Rose water and let the Patient smel to it often Or Take of yellow Sanders Roses and Water-lillies of each one dram Camphire half a scruple put them with Rose water into a narrow mouth'd Vessel Let them boyl over the fire and after let the Patient receive the vapor at his Nose But because watchings do chiefly trouble in this Disease you must use all your skill from the beginning of the Disease to provoke sleep For which the repelling Medicines before mentioned are very good especially if you anoint the head with Oyl of Violets cold before you apply Rose Vinegar which is good against watchings and Convulsions which come in this disease But the Medicines following will do it more powerfully Take of the heads of white Poppies with their seeds in number six the flowers of Water-lillies two pugils beat them together and with Rose and Lettice water make them like a pultiss which apply to the forehead between two cloaths Note that in Medicines to provoke sleep you must use but little Vinegar because it causeth watching Take of Lettice flowers one handful and an half Roses half a handful white poppy seeds half an ounce boyl them in water till they grow soft stamp them in Barley Meal and womans Milk of each haâ—f an ounce and a little Oyl of Violets Make a Frontal thereof Take of Oyl of Violets water-lillies and new Oyntment of Poplar of each three drams Opium and Oyl of Nutmegs of each three grains Mix them into a Liniment to anoint the Forehead and Temples Great Housleek bruised with Womans Milk and laid to the Forehead appeaseth a Phrenzy and provokes sleep But as soon as the Patient begins to sleep you must take it away lest he fall into a Coma or sleeping Disease Guords of Pompions do the same thing with less danger Penotus doth extol this Epitheme Take of Musk twelve grains Camphire twenty grains red Rose water in which Sanders hath been infused twenty ounces mix them Shave the head and wet double cloaths therein and apply them warm to all the Sutures of the head When they are dry wet them again and continue the application twenty four hours and so doing you shall provoke sleep strengthen the brain and wonderfully recover the Patient except the very substance of the brain be corrupted Inwardly you may give one ounce of Syrup of Poppies somtimes in his Juleps and Emulsions Or you may give four or five grains of Laudanum which also given in a Clyster doth provoke sufficiently to sleep and with more safety The Physitian must be wary in the use of Narcoticks or Medicines that provoke sleep for they must not be given if the Patient be very weak lest the Spirits and Natural heat be thereby extinguished Having sufficiently used Evacuations Revulsions Derivations and Interceptions we must come to the bringing forth of the matter And first we must open the forehead vein if it appear and may be taken not tying a Ligature about the Neck as usually they do for so the blood will be forced upwards But you may with most profit open the veins in the nostrils and if the Disease be any waies curable it will be cured thus You must bleed plentifully and betimes in the beginning of the Disease after you have made general Evacuations And they are opened with Bristles put up into the Nose and pricking often therewith Or you may draw blood from behind the Ears from the Nostrils Forehead Hemorrhoids with Hors-letches Apply to the Head things that resolve with things that repel in that proportion that first you use a little of the resolvers and as the disease declineth encrease the quantity so that at length you use only resolvers to discuss the reliques of the Disease For this end we use Oyl
of Chamomel and of Dill mixed with Oyl of Roses But among Resolving Medicines the chiefest are Creatures newly killed and applied to the head or pieces of them as yong Pidgeons Chickens Puppies cut along the Back and Sheeps Lights for they fortifie the part with their Natural heat discuss the humor and qualifie the sharpness thereof Which things if you have tried one or two daies and have found no benefit Mercatus teacheth to apply a Cupping glass to the crown of the head that the humors may breath through the Sutures into the Skin and if it appearâ—red and be swelled under the Cupping glass to scarifie This Counsel he saith if followed wil do good when al things besides fail especially if you bath presently after with sweet Water in which you have boyled some discussing Medicines But he adviseth that this be not used in Phrenzies that come from other Feavers but only in that which beginneth of its self This Remedy is confirmed by Zacutus Lucitanus who saies that he cured a most desperate Phrenzy by applying a Cupping Glass to the fore part of the Head with Scarrification Some are so bold as to apply Vesicatories or Medicines to raise Blisters to the fore part of the Head which they say hath somtimes had success But this requires extraordinary premeditation before it be used For his Drink let the Patient use Barley Water or Water made of Sorrel Roots with Syrup of Pomegranates Barberries or Lemmons or let him drink this following Infusion Take of Spring Water two pints the Leaves of Sorrel and wild Poppies of each half a handful the Flowers of Borrage Water-lillies and Violets of each half a pugil the spirit of Vitriol one dram red Sanders rasped two scruples Let them be infused for some hours cold then strain them with a Cap paper and ad as much Sugar as is sufficient to make it pleasant There is in this Disease for the most part a stoppage of Urine because the Patient neglecteth to make it from whence those parts that contain it are distended and bring so great an Inflamation that it alone is able to bring death to the Patient Therefore you must often call upon the Patient to make water and you must foment the place where the Bladder lieth with warm Water and drive the Urine forth by the compression of the hand But if the Symptomes do not yeild to these light Medicines you must proceed to stronger Take of the Leaves of Pellitory of the wall two handfuls Parsley with its roots one handful Boyl them and after they are strained ad three ounces of the Oyl of Scorpions and foment the hairy place of the Privities therewith Let the remainder of this Decoction after the straining be fryed in a pan with the Oyl of Scorpions and applied to the same part after the Fomentation If you desire a stronger Decoction ad the Seeds of Smallage Parsley Gromwel Seselis or large and broad Cummin of each two drams You may also profitably apply this following Oyntment after the Fomentation Take of the Fat of a Rabbit and of Oyl of Scorpions of each two ounces Smallage Seeds Parsley seeds Asarabacca and Cummin seeds finely poudered of each half a dram Make an Oyntment Chap. XII Of the Imposthume and Spacelus or Mortification of the Brain THe Imposthume and Mortification of the Brain is described by few Authors although it was observed by Hippocrates in his 3. Book of Diseases and happeneth somtimes in Practice and deluding those Physitians who are not well grounded making them conceive it to be another Disease Now a Spacelus or Mortification of the Brain is a suppuration or corruption or matter of the substance of the Brain which is called a Gangrene Syderation or blasting of the Brain The Immediate cause whereof is an Inflamation of the substance of the Brain which is distinguished from a Phrenzy in this In a Phrenzy the Membranes are chiefly inflamed and they do communicate an inflamation to the external part adjoyning but in this Disease the inward parts of the Brain are inflamed and the whol substance thereof is putrified for so great an inflamation in a most tender part and moist will quickly produce a Spacelus or Mortification The Cause of this Inflamation is Blood over-heated or over chollerick running into the Body and internal parts of the Brain The Primary Causes are all such things as produce hot and much Blood in the whol Body which is sent to the Brain as violent Exercise the heat of the Sun heat of the head by Fire Wrath and the like But great Wounds do more usually produce this Disease as also Contusions But a Spacelus or Imposthume coming from a Wound or Contusion is different from the former in this An Imposthume made by a Fall or Contusion doth nâ— possess so many parts of the Brain but for the most part adhaereth to one Hence the Symptomes are higher especially in the beginning and the Diâ—eâ—â—e continueth longer The Sâ—gns of an Imposthume or Spacelus which cometh without a Wound or Contusion are these In the beginning there is a great Head-ach which is communicated by the hinder part of the head to the neck and all the back after which comes a general decay of all the Sences both internal and external as in an Apoplexy from which it is distinguished by the Signs hereafter mentioned The Patient is tossed to and fro and cannot remain in the same place he layeth hold with his hands upon his head and desires to tear and scratch his face plucking his hair but as the Disease enâ—reaseth his Body groweth faint and cannot use such violence A most sharp and strong Feaver alwaies accompanyeth this Disease which comes from the great Inflamation of the brain Lastly In this Disease the Patient never takes meat or drink neither can you take any course to give them any thing and therefore their strength soon faileth An Imposthume by a Wound or Contusion is known by these signs following After the Wound or Contusion is received there is a kind of numbness and sadness in the Body the Animal Spirits beginning to be weakened by the matter which is got out of its Vessel When the Disease encreaseth there ariseth a kind of Feaver when the matter begins to putrifie thence comes head-ach and drouziness after when putrefaction is encreased al the symptomes grow stronger the Feaver sharper the Patient rising from sleep suddenly roareth out and then presently lyeth down again he often brings his hand to his head Hence it is that many before they die do send forth filthy green matter out of their mouth and nose As to the Prognostick part thus This Disease is most dangerous and commonly deadly even in three daies space as Hippocrates sheweth in his 51. Aphorism Sect. 7. saying That they who have a mortified and putrified brain die in three daies but if they live longer they recover Galen in his Comments teacheth that we are not to understand here by a
a suâ—â—usion you may use the remedies prescribed for it Moreover the Crystalline may be out of place namely when the broader part of it which is flat like a Fetch or Lentil is not directly against the hole of the Pupilla but either is too high or too low and then objects appear double when one Eye only suffereth because the pâ—â—… 〈◊〉 â—â—eight line is lost which ought to be one and the same in both Eyes that whatsoever 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 both Eyes may appear but one and the same And if they be not in that order things 〈…〉 which you may prove by depressing or lifting up one of your Eyes with your â—â—â—nger for then the paralel is lost and things appear double But this Depravation of sight by whiâ—h objects appear double comes not only of the Cause now mentioned but also from vapors or water which hurt the Crystalline by which the visive Spirits are divided whence it comes to pass that the species of the same thing is received into two places which Drunkards usually perâ—â—ive when they see double Secondly The scituation of the Crystalline is altered when it declineth backward or cometh forward if it comes forward to the Pupilla then things neer at hand are not so rightly perceived as those which are more remote as in old men often But if it decline backward towards the Optick Nerve things neer are truly seen but not afar off and then is the Disease called 〈…〉 which was mentioned in the Preface where we shewed That these Diseases are only Cured by Spectacles Thirdly The Crystalline is out of its place when it tendeth either to the right or left side which is called Strabismus or Squinting when the Pupilla is not directly but oblique upon the Object and appeareth not in the middle of the Eye but in one side so that there appeareth more white in one part of the Eye than in the other This Disease comes not only from the displacing of the Crystalline but also from the Evil Disposition of the Muscles which move the Eyes which is either natural or else proceeds from a Palsey or Convulsion of the said Muscles Of what Cause soever it câ—meth if it be connatural it is incurable but if it come from Palsey or Convulsion of the aforesaid Muscles you may find out a way of Cure in my Treatise of head Diseases Finally Other Depravations of sight may come from the inversion of the Crystalline be it greater or less as when streight things appear crooked or when the Objects seem to be â—oulded which happened to a certain Physitian as Sennertus reports who going up a Ladder to take a Book from a shelf and turning his Eyes violently upwards saw al things afterwards turned upwards as though men walked upon their Heads which caâ—e by the attraction and displacing of the Crystalline For a quarter of a yeer after when again he turned up his Eyes violently his natural sight returned and al things appeared in right order Hence it appears that by a violent motion of the Eye that the Crystalline may be displaced and again by the same motion be set right I suppose that the displacing of the Crystalline was thus It was so inverted that the fore-part of it which is more depressed than the other was not right against the Pupilla but rather its side which being more round and convex might represent the species of the Objects inverted as we may observe in round Glasses which discover the Object inverted and this is true from the principles of the Optick art for in a Medium that is Convex and thick the species are so broken and as it were cross-cut That they which come from the upper part of the Object do represent the lower part and so contrarily but if the inversion of the Crystalline be less so as both the depressed part of the Crystalline and also the Convex part thereof be right againâ— the Pupilla the Objects may seem crooked Although that Depravation of sight whereby Objects seem crooked may come by other means namely when any part of the Crystalline is mixed with the watery humor then by reason of inequality of the Crystalline in regard of thickness the refractions are divers which are the Cause of Depravation of sight whereby things appear crooked This may be demonstrated by a clear Example A staffe put half into the water appears crooked for this Cause namely The species of that part in the water when it is carried out of the water into the air from a thicker to a thinner Medium is broken by the perpendicular but that part which is in the air is not broken because it doth not pass through divers Mediums as that which is in the water Hence it comes that the stick seems crooked After the same manner the species of the object which is carried into the thicker part of the Crystalline is more broken than that which is carried to the thinner which is in its natural state and not mixed underneath with the watery humor and so by reason of the divers refractions the objects appear crooked But since Medicines are to no purpose we shal prescribe none for these Diseases CHAP. IV. Of the Diseases of the Watery Humor and especially of a Suffusion THe Watery Humor is out of its Natural Condition when it is distempered in quantity or quality When the Distemper is in quantity it is enlarged or diminished and makes the Pupilla be dilated or contracted which Diseases shall be mentioned in their places When the distemper is in quality it becomes thicker and that comes from another Humor mixed with it and that is called Suffusion which we here speak of For although Galen 1. de Symp. caus cap. 2. sheweth that a Suffusion may come from the condensation of the watery humor without the access of an excrementitious Humor yet because it happens seldom and is known rather by imagination than art and is altogether incurable omitting that we shall speak of that Suffusion only which cometh from the afflux of another excrement or humor This is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Suffusio by the Arabians Water vulgarly a Cataract Some Authors would distinguish these names and make them signifie divers sorts of this Disease They call it in the beginning when the sight is only a little darkened a Suffusion but when it is grown older and somthing gathered into the Pupil appears like water then they call it only Aqua Water but when the matter is grown thick in the Pupilla and the sight almost gone then they call it a Cataract A Suffusion comes from a serous Watery Humor spread in the space between the Cornea and the Crystalline and since a Watery Humor is contained in that space it may well be reckoned among the Diseases of the Watery Humor This is the Cause of a true Suffusion There is another Bastard Suffusion which comes from vapors sent from the Stomach and other parts into the Eyes
it which few other Medicines have It clenseth very powerfully without any sharpness The same Fonseca sayes the Water following is admirable Take many Swallows beat them with their feathers in a Morter put to every pound of them four ounces of bread crums of white wine four pints infuse them six dayes and distil them in Balneo till they are dry then set that Water in a Glass in the Sun for twenty dayes and drop it into the eyes morning and evening There is a Water made of Rosemary flowers which discusseth Films in the Eyes after this manner Take of Rosemary-flowers as many as are sufficient to fill a Glass which must be well stopt and set it in the Wall against the South Sun thence will an Oyl come which with a feather anoint the Eyes with Some Authors commend the Galls of Beasts because they clense and discuss strongly but they cause pain with their sharpness and therefore are seldom used Forrestus Obs 35. Lib. 1â— commends a certain Fish in his Country out of whose Liver there comes a moisture by which he saith Cataracts are presently as by a miracle Cured See in the place cited the use of it William Lozellus saith That he hath Cured many stark blind after universal Medicines have been used with this Water Take of the Liver of a sound Goat two pound Calamus Aromaticus and Honey of each half an ounce the juyce of Rue three drams the Waters of Celondine Vervain Fennet Eyebright of each three ounces Long Pepper Nutmeg and Cloves of each two drams Saffron one scruple Rosemary-flowers bruised half an handful Sarcocol and Aloes of each three drams the Gall of Ravenous Birds Capons or Partridges one ounce let those that are to be sliced be sliced and that are to be bruised be bruised then mixed altogether with two ounces of white Sugar and six drams of Honey of Roses cast them into an Alembick of Glass and distil them in Balneo Mariae with a gentle fire keep this Water in a Glass close stopt for precious which you may drop twice or thrice in a day into the eye affected Zacutus Lusitanus commends the Water following in these words For an old Disease in the Eyes called Ophtalmia or any other which cometh of overmuch moisture and gross humors and mists as in thickness whiteness the Haw and Suffusion this Water is the best in his Experience if after sufficient Purging you drop six drops cold every night three hours after meat into the Eyes then about two hours after you shall have Water flow out of them in abundance Take of Aloes three drams Rue Fennel and Pettony of each two handfuls Vervain and Tormentil of each one handful Sarcocol three drams the froth of Nitre two drams and a half Sugar Candy three ounces syrup of Roses four ounces the Vrin of a yong Boy half a pint Lizzards dung three drams Horehound three handfuls Eyebright one handful and a half Ginger Spicknard long Pepper Cloves and Tutty of each two drams Balsom three drams Honey of Roses two ounces Verdegreese one dram Licium two scruples Radish leaves one handful powder those which are to be powdered mix them and infuse them in the best white wine in a Still putting to a fourth part of the best Honey for ten dayes and stir them daily then Distill them and keep the Water The same Zacutus commends the Oyntment following in these words For the drying up of moisture flowing from the Head into the Eyes and for Purging them by the Corners very strongly this Magistral Oyntment is excellent being applied after universal Evacuations from the Head and the whole Body let the upper Eye-brows be anointed lightly therewith morning and evening twice in a day three hours after meat one hour after there will slow plentiful Water from the corners of the Eye especially from the great corner Take of the Oyl of Roses three ounces Rose-water nine ounces Camphire one dram Tutty one scruple Honey two ounces the Gall of a Goat half an ounce Lupin meal half a dram Aloes Succotrine one dram Sugar candy half a dram the juyce of Horebound Fennel and Rue of each half an ounce Mirrh one scruple Ammoniacum half a dram Sarcocol one dram and a half Pouder them that may mix them and boyl them a little with a gentle fire and the grease of a Goat or Sheep and a little wax make an Oyntment according to art Finally when al Medicines fail when the Disease is almost desperate it were good to try an experience with the Oyntment of Quicksilver which Fonseca saith was his invention yet seldom used for in his 19. Consultat lib. 1. he thus saith I have thought sometimes that the Vnction used for the Cure of the French Pox hath power to take away Cataracts in their beginning and increase by the same reason that it takes away the Humors remaining in the Eyes from the French Pox for by it the Head may be so Purged that a Cataract may be Cured and I have determined to make tryal of it Fonseca had much commended his Judgment if he had seen Skenkius his Observation 309. Lib. 1. which is taken out of the 5. Book of Alexander Trajanus Petronus of the French Pox Cap. 1. One saith he before he had the French Pox was blind of one Eye with a Cataract or thick Suffusion by the Vnction with Quick-silver was freed wonderfully from his Pox and Cataract both at once Neither is it without reason that Cataracts may be dissolved with that Vnction when we see by Experience that very hard Tumors of thick and gross Flegm are powerfully dissolved by the Vnction of Quick-silver When a Cataract can be dissolved with no other Medicines the last Remedy is the Chirurgical Operation which with a Needle put into the Eye after the matter of the Cataract being thick and turned to a little skin thrusteth it to the lower part of the Eye so that the sight is restored as if a window were opened This Operation is successful sometimes but often not But when the case is so that no hope remains of other wayes it is better according to the Opinion of Celsus formerly Commended to try an uncertain Medicine than none But it useth not to be tryed by reason of its uncertainty by ordinary Chirurgions but of Quacksalvers who go to and fro practising and therefore the time and manner of the Operation is to be left only to them But because those things ought not to be hid from a Physitian you may find them exactly treated on in divers Practical Authors when the Cataract is Cured Whether it be with dissolving Medicines or manual Operation you must use a course of Physick long after because there is a great fear of a Relapse For the Eyes having been much weakned by a long Disease are very ready to receive any Defluxion again from the brain Therefore you must follow the usual Purging you must have Issues continually for diversion and use often strengtheners
white Troches of Rhasis with Opium one dram Make a Collyrium and drop it often into the Eyes If the pain be very great you may put to it Womans Milk and the Mucilages aforesaid This following Medicine doth powerfully resist inflamation and stay the flux Take of the white of an Eg beat it in a pewter dish with a piece of Allum very well till it come to the consistence of an Oyntment which you must spread upon a linnen cloth and apply it warm to the Eyes After two or three hours take it away left by its long continuance having an extraordinary astringent quality from the Allum it retain the humors in the Eyes Also the Water of Allum distilled in an Alembick laid to the Eye with a linnen clout doth allay the inflamation thereof The Salt of Lead dissolved in Rose Water or Wine Vinegar or mixed with Pomatum doth powerfully cool the inflamation In the encrease of the Disease you must mix digestives with Repelling Medicines and therfore you must put the Water of Eyebright Fennel Celondine and the Mucilage of Linseeds Althaeae oâ— Marsh-mallows and Foenugreek Gal. 13. Meth. commends especially the Decoction of Fenugreek because it digesteth concocteth and moderately repelleth but you must sift the Fenugreek to take out the dust and after wash it often in warm Water before you boyl it or make the Mucilage of it You may thus make a Collyrium Take of the Mucilage of the seed of Foenugreek and Quinces drawn with Rose and Eyebright Water of each one ounce and an half the white Troches of Rhasis with Opium one dram Tutty prepared half a dram Make a Collyrium When the Disease is at the height you may put Sarcocol to it which is of a more digestive quality but since it is apt to hurt the Eyes by its over dryness and sharpness it must first be steeped some few daies in Milk often changed and you must prepare but a little at one time for if it be long kept it wil grow sowr and hurt the Eyes You may use it thus Take of the flowers of Chamomel Melilot and red Roses of each one pugil the seeds of Foenugreek clensed one dram boyl them in Plantane Water Dissolve in four ounces of the straining Sarcocol one dram Tutty prepared and of the white Troches of Rhasis without Opium of each half a dram Make a Collyrium Authors do commend some Waters to be very powerful Quercetan commends the infusion of Crocus Metallorum made in Eyebright and Fennel Water which is strong enough and is no waies too sharrp for the Eyes as others are Crollius and the rest of the Chymicks do highly commend the Salt of Lead dissolved in Rose Water to which they put a few grains of Sul Armonick The manner is thus Take of the Salt of Lead twelve grains Sal Armonick three grains Rose Water three ounces Mix them and drop some into the Eye morning and evening There is also a Water made of calcined or burnt Lead or Litharge or Menium infused in Vinegar which laid to the Eye with a linnen clout presently cureth their inflamation The Water of white Vitriol is most common being dissolved in Rose or Plantane Water this mitigateth inflamations discusseth and hindereth defluxions Thus they are proportioned Take of white Vitriol one scruple Rose or Plantane Water four ounces Dissolve the Vitriol in it at the fire Strain the Water and drop it into the Eyes If it be too sharp you may qualifie it as you please with more Rose or Plantane Water This following Medicine is not so sharp and more dissolving Take of Flower-de-luce Roots and red Roses of each one scruple Rose and Plantane Water of each three ounces Boyl them to the third part with a gentle fire Ad to the straining white Vitriol poundered eight grains Make a Collyrium Many Oyntments also are used for the Eyes of which these three following are the best and somtimes do wonders The first is in Renodaeus his Dispensatory called Vnguentum Ophthalmium made thus Take of Bole-Armenick washed in Rose Water one ounce Lapis Calaminaris wash'd in Eyebright Water and Tutty prepared of each two drams Pearl finely poudered half a dram Camphire half a scruple Opium five grains Butter as much as will be sufficient to make an Oyntment according to art for to be applied to the corners of the Eyes and the Eye-lids The second is John Cratoes which is set down in his Physical Counsels gathered by Laurence Scholzius Cons 6. thus Take Butter made in May if you can get it or other that is fresh and well worked or the marrow of an Ox or Deers Shank and mix therewith as much of the fine pouder of Lapis Calaminar is as it will receive make an Oyntment The third is from Paenotus in denario thus made Take of Tutty prepared one ounce and an half Camphire one dram Verdegreece twelve grains Beat the Tutty with the Camphire together in a Mortar the Verdegreece by its self all very sine Then take of fresh Butter one ounce Rose water one dram boyl them gently together and then take them from the fire and first put in your Camphire with your Tutty then your Verdegreece by degrees stir them very well and reserve them in a glass Make an Oyntment and strain it through a Sarsenet anoint the inside of the Eye-lids especially about the corners and the Patient will soon recover This is a most approved Medicine against Inflamations both with matter and dry against itching of the Eyelids and weeping There is another very good though sharp and therefore must be only applied to the Eye-lids it is thus made And when al have failed this hath cured the most desperate Ophthalmy namely Of May Butter and Juyce of Tobacco boyled to an Oyntment which must be applied the Eye-lids being closed and in a darkroom as soon as the Patient opens his Eyes it will begin to bite and will certainly cure In the height of the disease you must apply more resolving than repelling Medicines therefore they which were prescribed in the encrease of it are good in the height or state of it if you encrease the quantity of the Resolvers and diminish the Repellers But especially these two following Oyntments may be used not only in the state and height but in the declination to the perfect cure of the Disease First Fomentations to discuss the matter are good in the height of the Disease made thus Take of the flowers of Chamomel Melilot and Roses of each one pugil Foenugreek seeds prepared as before shewed two drams Make a Decoction with which foment the Eyes with four-double clouts This is good in the end of the encrease and the beginning of the state of the Disease and in Winter you must use it hot in Summer only warm In the end of the state and declination you must make a more resolving Fomentation which is done by adding to the former Ingredients the Leaves of Eyebright Marjoram Bettony and a
Nose because like those of the Fundament This flesh is soft somtimes white somtimes red and blew and if it grow big it hangeth out of the Nose but if it grow in the highest part of the Nose it somtimes hangeth down to the Pallat and stops the common passages and may easily be seen behind the Uvuâ—a In Southernly weather and at the full Moon it is much swelled But in a Northernly dry time and at new Moon it is leâ—s It differs from Sarcoma in this Sarcoma groweth chiefly in the lowest part of the Nose where it is â—â—â—shy but Pol pus grows in the highest part by the Root of the Nose The Cause of both is a gross slimy humor coming from the Brain mixed with blood somtimes with melancholly and then you may fear a Cancer Sarcoma oâ—ten cometh from the supâ—râ—luous nourishment of the Nose turned into proud flesh and therefore is more easily cured The knowledg of these Diseases is eaâ—ie by what hath been â—aid they being appâ—rent to the Eyes The Prognostick is thus made A Sarcoma is easily cured for the most part but Polypus hardly But that which is soft white or red or white and red is more easily cured but that which is hard and livid or blew is diâ—â—icultly cured and is like to be a Cancer Also that Polipus whicâ— groweth low or in the middle of the nostril is more curable than that which is rooted high because Remedies will not so well reach it Both are cured with the same Medicines which are to be â—o ordered that the superfluous flesh may be taken away but first you must remove the antecedent Cause that is the slimy humor which cometh from the Head which you must do by a drying and attenuating Diet general purging by Revulsion derivation and drying of the head all which may be done by those Remedies which are prescribed in the cure oâ— the cold distemper of the Brain being diâ—creeâ—ly used and although many Authors commend the Decoction of Guajacum with a drying diet you must take heed lest by so doing you mix the flegm with not humors and â—o it turn into a Cancer After this you must take off the superfluous flesh with Causticks or with Cissers made purposely and tâ—en cicatrize But in the beginning of this disease it may be cured with only strong dryers and astringents and constantly you must apply such kind of Medicines first before you come to stronger First of all try the Medicine made of the three sorts of Pomegranates prescribed by Galen lib. 3. de comp med sec loc cap. 3. thus Take three Pomegranates one sowr another sweet and the other of the middle sort let them be ripe bruise them in a â—ortar then take the Juyce and boyl it to a Limment dip a tent therein and often put it into the Nose This dryeth and astringeth without sharpness and consumeth the Excrement This following Water doth it more powerfully Take of unripe Grapes three pound Pomegranate peels and flowers and Sumach of each two pound macerate them in Vineger and distil them then put to it Allum one pound Vitriol three ounces then distil them all together again and touch the part affected often with that Water If these things will not do you must uâ—e stronger by putting Sandarach and Orpiment to the aforesaid Water Or you may mix the Spirit of Vitriol or the Water for separating Gold commonly called the second Water with Plantane Water and touch the Polypus often therewith Or with the Mercury Water prescribed in the Cure of the Ulcer in the Nose Or you may put in a tent dipped in the juyce of Cuckoo-pintle roots and if it be too sharp mix it with Plantane Water Mercury Precipitate which is red is accounted the best Medicine to consume proud flesh without pain if it be often washed This Pouder is to be mixed with Honey of Roses and applied with a â—ent There are also Plaisters of the same vertue to consume a Polypus without pain as this Take the Emplaister de Mucilaginibus half an ounce the pouder of Savin two drams Incorporate them and put thereof into the Nostrils Or Take of Verdegreece Orpiment Vitriol and Allum of each one ounce and an half Antimony six drams Steep them in Vinegar then beat them fine then dry them thus beaten and steeped eight times let them be steeped in Plantane Water and then dried Then take of Oyl of Roses four ounces Litharge two ounces Boyl them and about the conclusion ad two drams of the said pouder Make a stiff Plaister thereof of which make tents In the use of Causticks first you must observe that before they be applied you defend the Nostrils with the cooling Oyntment of Galen or with Nutritum or Populeon or white of an Eg beaten with Oyl of Roses and the like Secondly lest the Causticks should hurt the Nostrils they must be applyed through a silver pipe so that it may compass the Polipus and the Medicines may be conveyed to it without touching the Nostrils Thirdly You must observe that these Medicines are to be used in the decrease of the Moon for the tumor then is less and therefore Medicines may easily be conveyed to the root Lastly If Polypus cannot be taken off with Medicines you must come to Chyrurgery or Manual operation which is described in Paulus Aegineta Cornelius Celsus Jerom Fabricius de Aquapendente and other Modern Writers Chap. 3. Of the loss of Smelling THe Sence of Smelling is hindered and hurt three waies as other Actions are that is by diminishing abolishing and depraving The Causes are the same that diminish and abolish the Smelling only they differ in degrees namely distemper obstruction and astriction A cold and moist distemper joyned with flegm as it can easily make any sence dull so doth it especially hinder the Smelling or abolish it hence it is that the Smelling is often hurt when there is a Catarrh or a Coryza for cold doth either diminish or abolish the sence because it doth dull and weâ—ken the Natural heat which is the producer of every action Obstruction comes also from flegm which fills the sensible Passages as the Nostrils and also the insensible as the pores of the Brain and the processus of the Temples called Mamillares so that the scents and smels cannot come to the parts it may also come of a Sarcoma Polypus or other cause filling and stopping the Nostrils Astriction somtimes may come from flegm gathered in the fore part of the Brain and compressing the Processus Mamillares as we said of the diminishing of sight from the astriction of the Optick Nerves This astriction may also come from the Natural shape of the Nostrils when they are so straight that there is no free passage for the Scents The Cause of Smelling depraved is a stink alwaies coming to the Nostrils either from an Ulcer there or from stinking flegm in the Nostrils and Os Etâ—moides for those things which putrifie either in the very sence
with a little Wine he was recovered throwing also Water in his face after that he had a large stool was brought to his bed and bled with less violence then giving a dram and an half of Lapis Prunellae in cold Water presently the blood franched when the same and other Medicines could not formerly do it Although fainting be not vulgarly accounted a Remedy against bleeding at the Nose yet Hipp. lib. 3. Epid. Sect. 7. saith thus These things stop the bleeding of the Veins swouning the alteration of the posture or figure of the Body mâ—erception a tent apposition and deligation or binding Galen in 5. meth cap. 5. teacheth the same in these words Moreover Blood is stanched 〈◊〉 by fainting and by revulsion and derivation to the parts adjoyning and by cooling of the whole Body and especially the part afflicted But you must observe that fainting doth only profit when the blood floweth from the Veins which are terminated in the superficie of the body which Hippocrates also hints at when he prescribeth tents bandage and the like For when blood cometh from the internal parts as in an Hemoptoe or spitting of blood immoderate flux of the terms or internal wounds then fainting will encrease the bleeding the heat being thereby drawn into those parts from whence the blood cometh Zacutus Lucitanus Lib. 1. Praxis admirandae Obs 66. reports that he cured a desperate Hemorrhagy which would yield to no other Medicines by an actual Cautery to the soals of both feet which Remedy he saith had like success in a great bleeding at the mouth coming from the opening of the Vein called Ranuncula under the Tongue by corrosion from a sharp Gatarrh and when the Blood had flowen two dates to the quantity of twenty pounds and many astringents and Emplaâ—ers had been used as also Revulsies and thickening Medicines with Narcoticks or Stupefactives by a Cautery in the soal of the foot it was stanched If still he bleed after all the aforesaid Revulsions have been tried you must come to repelling Medicines such as are vulgarly called Anacollemata things to be applied to the Forehead and Temples which are thus made Take of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata Sanguis Draconis Frankinsence Mastick and Aloes of each one dram Bran and the hair of an Hare cut smal of each half a dram one white of an Egg the Juyce of Plantane and Nightshade of each as much as is sufficient to make a Cataplasm for the Forehead and the Temples In extremity you may quickly make a Cataplasm of Bole-Armenick only mixed with the white of an Egg and Vinegar for the same parts The most excellent is made of Time and Vinegar and applied to the Temples and the Forehead as thick as two fingers and if the first application do it not let it be repeated and it will certainly cure Amatus Lusitanus commends a cap made with the aforesaid Pouders mixed with Vinegar and Water laid upon the Head being shaven which you may try in great extremity Also you may make a Fomentation of very cold Water or Water and Vinegar to the Temples and Forehead changing your cloaths as they grow hot Or you may make a Fomentation of the Juyce of Plantane Knotgrass Hors-tail Shepheards-purse and the like with a little Vinegar to make it pierce Where mark That the Head is not to be washed with cold Water nor repelling Medicines to be laid to the Forehead before you have made sufficient Revulsions otherwise the blood being struck in with cooling wil fill the Veins above as Galen sheweth 5. meth cap. 6. and so the flux will be encreased by the heat encreased through Antiperistasis by which the motion and force of the blood is encreased or if the blood be stopt there will follow a Convulsion Apoplexy short and difficult breathing called Dyspnoea or the like Vinegar alone will stop blood if the Forehead be fomented therewith in a Spunge Or if you dip a Spunge in Vinegar and put it into the Nose To throw cold Water in the Face doth not only drive back the blood but also draweth inward by fear if done on a sudden and unawares As a syncope or swouning as we said before stancheth blood by the retraction of it inward by the same reason doth fear also A great quantity namely two or three glasses must be cast into the face divers times in a short time Ordinarily they use to hinder the ascent of the Blood with fomenting of the Neck with a cloth dipped in cold Vinegar and bound about the Neck changed often before it turn warm Vinegar and Water held in the mouth doth drive the blood down and keeps the blood from falling into the Throat Also Vinegar put into the Ear next to the Nostril bleeding is good to close the Vein A Bean or piece of money bound to the root of the Nose between the Eyebrows stoppeth the flux Also you must observe if the Veins or Arteries in the Forehead or Temples do swell for then you must bind them down with Money or a dry Bean slit in length and this is a special Remedy And for the better Compression you must lay a Pledget dipt in the white of an Eg beaten with Time upon the Bean or Money The sume of Vinegar sprinkled upon a hot Iron taken into the Nostrils will close the opened Veins As also Vinegar and Water often snuffed up Besides those things which repel we must use things that close and glutinate the Veins For which end many Remedies may be put into the Nose Galen lib. de paratu facilibus cap. 13. used Frankinsence and Aloes poudered with white of an Egg and the hairs of an Hare upon lint Or you may make a Tent thus Take of Frankinsence Aloes Dragons blood Bran Cobwebs and the hair of an Hare cut smal of each half a dram made up in a Tent with juyce of Plantane The same Pouders may be blown into the Nose For which purpose also great Practitioners do commend the pouder of Eg shels burnt and burnt Paper But you must remember besides the use of these pouders at the same time to fill the mouth with cold Water lest the Medicine get into the mouth The Cotton of an Ink-horn squeezed a little and made into a tent doth powerfully stop As also laid and bound to the Forehead If it yet continue you must come to Escharoticks which by burning the mouths of the Veins produce a Scab and so stay the blood But these must be used warily for when the Eschar falls off they will bleed again Burnt Vitriol is the best which besides its Escharotick quality is good to stanch blood If you will make it gentle you must mix other Medicines thus Take of Galls half a pound Allum a quarter of a pound Calcine them and blow the pouder into the Nose Or Take of Bole-Armenick Dragons blood Frankinsence Aloes Time burnt Vitriol Sarcocol and Mastich of each one dram Make afine Pouder White Vitriol is more gentle than
burnt Vitriol and is not very Escharotick yet it staies bleeding very powerfully by astringing the Orifice of the Veins if it be put into the Nose with a Tent. You may make Remedies to stop blood by restraining its motion by cooling thickning and coâ—gulating thus Take of Sal Prunellae one dram Troches of Amber half a dram Blood-stone and red Coral prepared of each one scruple the Syrup of dried Roses one ounce Plantane Water three ounces Make a Julep to be taken twice or thrice in a day Take of Conserve of Roses and Quinces of each one ounce the Troches of Spodium or burm Ivory and Terra Sigillata of each one dram Coral prepared and burnt Harts-horn of each one scruple Make an Opiate of which let him take the quantity of a Chesnut twice or thrice in a day Vinegar and Water called Oxycrate drunk plentifully staies an Hemorrhagy Outwardly to cool the blood and to hinder its motion you must apply cold Water or Water and Vinegar to divers parts powring it upon the Arms and putting the feet therein and applying to the Cods as also to the back because the Vena CÃ va runs that way and so the blood will be cooled when it is exceeding hot when the aforesaid Medicines cannot remedy some wet the whol Body with Vinegar and Water or put him into cold Water which is not without danger when the Patient is weak It is excellent to temper the heat of the blood to lay Epithems to the Liver and Spleen made of warm Vinegar and Water Finally In the most desperate Case when no Medicines will prevail you must use Narcoticks or Stupefactives which presently stop all fluxes and evacuations and motion of Humors and among the rest three or four grains of Laudanum is the best But take heed that you give it not to the Patient being very weak for it is to be feared that the native heat being very little will be thereby quite exstinguished One ounce of the Syrup of Poppies given in an astringent Julep at night will do the same At length you must come to proper Remedies which by an occult secret quality stop bleeding The most usual and best are these The Juyce of Nettles is extolled for strengthening any blood of what part soever and therefore it is both given inwardly to four ounces once or twice as also snuft into the Nose and applied to the Forehead and Temples made like a Cataplasm with Bran or the whol Nettle beaten Some say that the Root held in the mouth will do the same Hogs Dung is one of the best Specifical Medicines if it be applied hot to the Forehead and Temples or smelt unto or put dry into the Nose of which this is a form Take of Hogs Dung dried three drams the pouder of Roses to take away the scent of it half a dram Mix them with juyce of Plantane and dip a Tent therein to be thrust into the Nose Asses Dung used thus is also commended And Rodericus a Castro lib. 1. de morbis mulierum cap. 5. saith that a Physitian of seventy yeers old given to violent bleeding carried alwaies Asses Dung not quite dry in a box about him than which he confessed he never knew a better Medicine especially if when it was dry he mixed it with the Juyce of a Nettle or if wet he put it alone into his Nose Zacutus Lusitanus lib. ult praxis Histor cap. 2. saith that he cured one of seventeen years of age that was weak and lean after he had lost seventeen ounces of blood and used many Medicines only with this He gave him the Dung of an Ass very finely poudered in al his Drink and Broth he made Tablets of the same with sugar and gave them with steeled water by which means only the Patient recovered in seven daies space The blood it self which comes out of the Nose is not only vulgarly commended but by the learned to stop an Haemorrhagie by a specifical quality they fry it in a pan and give it the Patient to eat he not knowing of it As also they Calcine it in a Potsheard and mix it with the mentioned Astringents Others commend the Pouder of Snails burnt with their shels and others put the Pouder of Frogs Calcined into the Nose Pereda speaks of an old Woman of Mount pelior that she was Cured of a Flux at the Nose of three daies continuance by only Mints put into the Nose Among other Remedies this is excellent and usual The fine Pouder of Spicknard taken the quantity of a dram in Broth Plantane-water or other liquor not only by a specifical force but also by strengthning the Liver it stops bleeding Finkius witnesseth that a dried Toad poudered and put in a fine red Sarcnet under the Armholes or held in the hands til it grow warm wil stanch blood presently And that the blood wil be immediately congealed as if it apprehended some terrible thing Others hang a Toad in the Air while al the flesh is consumed and keep the bare thigh bone which they put into the Nose and then it stops bleeding presently While you use the aforesaid Remedies you must think of the taking away of the Cause which usually is a thin watery Humor or Choller which abounds in the blood and makes it move disorderly and provoketh Nature to throw it forth whence it comes to pass that when it is purged away and the blood clensed that then Nature embraceth blood most familiarly as its chief Friend and the treasure of Life and wil not labor to cast it forth Therefore you must purge twice or thrice if need be with binding and cooling Medicines thus made Take of Tamarinds half an ounce Plantane Leavs one handful boyl them to four ounces being strained infuse of the best Rhubarb one dram yellow Myrabolans half a dram Spicknard seven grains strain it and dissolve therein one ounce of Syrup of Roses and ad one scruple of the Pouder of Rhubarb Make a Potion In an old Disease that Returneth often such a Purge repeated once every Week is excelent And after every Evacuation Astringent Juleps or Opiates that are above mentioned you may make Juleps thus Take of the Roots of Snakeweed and the greater Comfrey of each one ounce Plantane Knotgrass Rupture-wort Fumitory of each one handful of the four great Cold seeds of each one dram boyl them to a pint and dissolve in the strained Liquor of white Sugar three ounces Make a Julep for three mornings draughts Instead of Juleps or Opiats or after they have been used a while you may give a Syrup made of the Juyce of Nettles and an equal proportion of Sugar two spoonfuls at a time every morning Nor is it sufficient to take away the present Cause of the Hemorrhagy namely To Evacuate the Peccant Humor but you must see that it return not again The Bowels are to be strengthened and their Distempers amended especially the Liver in which those Humors use to breed And the Juleps
his Feaver abated and when it was gone the blood stopped The Gums bleed Symptomatically when the blood is sharp and the Liver or Spleen distempered So that in the Scurvy this flux is ordinary Somtimes after a Tooth is drawn there is so great a flux of blood by reason the Artery is torn which is the root of the Tooth that somtimes men have died thereof The Cure of a Symptomatical flux is by bleeding and purging and other Remedies for the bowels As also by Topicks astringing made into Gargarisms Pouders Liniments or Opiates If it come from a Tooth drawn you must first let blood and Cup to make revulsion and apply astringents to the part as a Cataplasm of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata Sanguis Draconis and the like astringents made up with the white of an Egg. Also Time alone with the white of an Egg is good But if they do not suffice you must lay the Patients finger upon the part and let him hold it there till the blood congeal above the orifice of the Artery If it cannot be stopt with sleight things use stronger Valeriola obs 3. lib. 5. reports that an old woman who had a Tooth taken forth with the singers only had a violent bleeding upon it from the Artery under the Gum which he stopt with burnt Vitriol when other things failed which is excellent both for astringency and burning Zacutus Lucitanus obs 84. lib. 1. Prax. Med. admir relates a History of one who having a grievous Tooth that ached drew it violently forth and after had a great flux of blood from the Artery torn which when it could not be stopped by Blood-letting Cupping and Astringents nor by laying on the finger nor by burnt Vitriol at last by his advice the place was filled with Gum Arabick which stopt it in three hours space for it hath power to stop cool glutinate and dry The same Zacutus Obs 85. of the same Book reports of a certain strong Soldier who after great pain drew a Tooth violently and bled much from the Artery under the Tooth for two daies the best Physitians use al Astringents to the part with Revulsives and burn the Artery with a hot iron but al in vain for he bled stil even unto death Zacutus being called applied the Plaister of Galen made of Frankinsence Aloes the hairs of an Hare poudered and mixed with the white of an Egg by which in a few hours the blood stopt and the Patient recovered Galen boasteth that he invented this precious Medicine lib. 5. meth cap. 7. and stopped the Artery in the Elbow And cap. 4. of the same Book and in his Book of Curing by Blood-letting Chapter the last he confirmeth the Excellency thereof by many stories Chap. 5. Of the Vcers of the Mouth and Jaws THe smal and superficial Ulcers of the Mouth are usually Aphthae or Trush although in Galen and Hippocrates it is somtimes used for Ulcers in other parts but they which are deeper are absolutely called the Ulcers of the Mouth and Jaws Such as are in the French Pox. These Ulcers breed of sharp Humors or Vapors coming from divers parts into the Jaws so in malignant Feavers they often happen or to those that have hot Livers or foul Bodies So the Children have the Trush as Hipp. aph 24. sect 3. either from the sharpness of the Milk which Ulcerates those tender parts in its passage as Galen teacheth in his Comment upon the same Aphorism or from the corruption of the milk in the Stomach by which sharp vapors are sent to the mouth as Galen affirms 9. de compos med sec loc cap. ultimo Now these Ulcers are divers as some are slighter some more dangerous some are in Children some in Men some are joyned with Inflamation some are without these divers degrees are according to the variety of the Humors of which they come For they proceed either of Blood Choller Flegm or Melancholly or Choller Adust which hath not only a burning but often a malignant quality and begets evil conditioned Ulcers These Differences are known by their proper signs for if the Ulcers be Redish they come of Blood if Yellow of Choller if White of Flegm if Livid or Blew from Melancholly if they stink they are foul As for the Prognostick Aphthae or Truth is easily Cured but deep Ulcers and putrid called in Greek Nomai are hardly Cured And in Children they are more dangerous by reason of their tender flesh which they sooner devour As also because strong Medicines cannot be applied unto them hence somtimes Children die of them when they are Malignant and putrid Also in respect or the Cause those Ulcers which come of Flegm are least dangerous those that come of Blood or Choller more and those that come of Melancholly most of al. Black and Crusty Ulcers are deadly especially in Children The Jaws Ulcerated in a Feaver are hard to be Cured as Hipp. teacheth 3. Prog. Because as Galen explaineth they shew the malignity of the matter The Cure is first by good Diet which Cooleth and Dryeth and hindereth the Generation of the antecedent Cause Therefore when Children have it from their Suck let the Nurse be changed or eate good Diet as also let her blend and be purged if need be especially let her eate Cool Astringent things as Quinces Pears Medlers Services Lettice and Purslain prescribe the same to men and let them avoid sharp things salt and pepper Then you must look to the antecedent Cause with Universal Evacuations according to the age And first Phlebotomy doth powerfully revel the Humors and tempereth their sharpness by Cooling the whol body After this â—up and Scarrifie put Horsleeches behind the Ears and under the Chin and apply a Vesicatory to the Neck behind The next day after you have let blood you must prescribe a Purge agreeable to the Humor offending and the age of the Patient From the beginning of the Cure use Topicks called by Galen Stomatica or Medicines for the Mouth and at first they must be mild as Gargarisms mouth-Mouth-waters made of Plantane Honey-suckle and Roses Water with Syrup of dried Roses and of Mulberies or Decoctions of Plantane Bramble Leaves Knot-grass Pomegranat Flowers Red Saunders and the like with Syrup afore mentioned And if there be Inflamation you may do wel if you ad the Juyce of Nightshade Housleek and Purslain with as much Sal Pruneilae as wil not make it too sharp Or a little crude Allum If there be no Inflamation the Chief only Remedy is Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur which may be used alone to Men upon a little lint at the end of a stick gently touching the part by which it wil be presently Cured if it be a simple Aphtha But to Children you must mix the Spirit aforesaid with Honey of Roses so that it may be but a little sharp and with a little Lint at the end of a Probe often apply it and they wil be quickly Cured If the Ulcers are very painful and
if it cannot be done let his mouth be wide opened with a Speculunt oris and then open the imposthume with a crooked incision knife called a Bistort Then let the Patient hold down his Head lest the matter fall upon his Lungs after wash the Ulcer with Barley Water and Honey of Roses Water and Honey called Hydromel or Wine and Honey called Oinomel after this dry it up with Allum Water Others put a Wax Candle anointed with Oyl of sweet Almonds into the Oesophagus to break the Aposthume which if they cannot do they use a sharp wooden knife or at last an incision knife Others touch it with Oyl of Vitriol which presently breaks it Arcalanus opens it with a Lancet fixed at the end of a stick lest it should touch other parts Faventinus commends the same in these words Take a little round stick in the end of it fix a little sharp Iron as long as half a finger then open the mouth and put a stick between the Teeth then let him open the imposthume with the former Instrument when it is open let him bend forward with his mouth open that the matter may come forth Schenkius out of Dovynetus used to break an imposthume with the Decoction of Agarick and confirmeth it by the following History taken out of Dovynetus Apolog. lib. 3. cap. 1. A Noble Woman called Gabriella Goufier Lady of Saulton being taken with a Squinzie in Autumn which is most dangerous I remembred that I read in Aetius lib. 15. cap. 6. that Agarick doth destroy bidden imposthumes or draw them forth presently I took Agarick and cut it and steeped it in the decoction of Althaea with the fourth part of white Wine and Figs and a little Ginger with a little Syrup of Marsh-mallows and gave it to the Lady to drink commanding that she swallow it not down suddenly but hold it in the mouth a little if she would be cured she obeyeth and while I was talking with her behold abundance of white stinking matter came forth of her mouth in so much that her daughter that held the Bason fainted the other people ran away others came and took away the matter others perfume the room which done I came to the Patient and found her delivered from the impediment in her voyce difficulty of breathing and her feaver and out of all danger If the matter seem to tend to the external parts you must open it outwardly which Lanfrank saith he did with good success Chir. maj doct 2. tract 3. cap. 5. in these words Because the Chyrurgeon is much confirmed by good experience I will tell you what befel me in the City of Millane with a Lady of fifty five yeers old which had a flegmatick Squinzie in the whol Throat inwardly and outwardly but outwardly it appeared most swoln and she could neither speak nor swallow being sent for I felt her pulse and found her exceeding weak touching the part affected I found the matter very deep and that she was more likely to be choaked than that it should break either internally or externally then I got ready my Raysor and touching the place with my singers I found ripe matter between the Chin and the Epiglot and there I made a deep incision by which I drew forth a great part of the corrupt matter but willingly left a great deal behind for a reason known then her breath grew better and pulse stronger then giving her Broath a great deal of it came forth of the wound then I invented a silver pipe which should pass the wound being put into the mouth and by which she should receive her nourishment I used Mundificatives and Maturatives to the whol Throat and Neck till I drew out of the wound a great piece of viscous matter and stinking like a Gut as long as my finger which was condensed by heat which taken away the place did no longer stink and the Patient began to cheer up but I continued to mundifie and after with Incarnatives and Cicatrizers I healed up the wound and the Patient was cured Here may be related the History of Beniven before mentioned of one in a Squinzy who was left of other Physitians and was cured by him with deep scarrification under the Jaws and in the Neck from whence much matter flowed If the Aposthume break inwardly in the Mouth let it be clensed with Barley Water and Hydromel as is said But somtimes the Ulcer is foul and then you must use stronger thus made Take of Scabious and Agrimony of each one handful Cypressnuts one dram Flowerdeluce Roots and round Birthwort of each half an ounce Mirrh half a dram red Roses two pugils boyl them in Hydromel to a pint strain it and wash the part ulcerated therewith This Decoction is very good to clense Ulcer but if it be not sufficient use the Collyrium of Lanfrank which is wonderful After it is well clensed you must endeavor consolidation with Bole-Anmenick mixed with Honey of Roses for an Eclegma with Frankinsence and Mirrh It comes to pass somtimes that the Inflamation decreasing the Tumor will neither be dissolved nor suppurated but grow harder in which case you must Emollient and Suppurating Cataplasms made thus Take of Althaea and Briony Roots and of the wild Cucumer of each one ounce Mallows Pellitory Origan and the lesser Centaury of each one handful fat Figs six or seven Linseed and Foenugreek of each one ounce Boyl them beat them and strain them and then ad of the pouder of a Sallows Nest burnt and of Album Graecum of each three drams Brimstone one dram fresh Butter and Ducks Grease of each one ounce Oyl of Dill two ounces Make a Cataplasin For a Conclusion we will speak somthing of Laryngotomia or cutting of the Throat which Ancient Physitians mentioned and the Modern approve and confirm by experience As when in a desperate Squinzy when the Patient is almost choaked an incision is made in the rough Artery by which there is a passage for Air into the Lungs and for vapors coming out of them This Avicen alloweth Fen. 9. lib. 3. cap. 11. Paulus lib. 6. cap. 33. Rhasis 3. continuentis Alsaharavius Avenzoar Albucasis and Halyabbas in their proper Chapters Galen sets down the same out of Asclepiades in his Introduction chap. 13. Of the Modern Brassavolus comment in lib. 4. Of Hipp. concerning Diet in acute Diseases Sect. 35. saith that he made this operation with his own hands and good success But this is seldom used by Chyrurgeons for fear of disgrace through the death of the Patient for men are more apt to make the operation the cause of death than the disease although the Physitian have been very careful and foretold them the danger Moreover In a desperate Angina the Lungs are often affected and full of humors whence comes suffocation and then the incision of the rough Artery will not profit Which danger Jerom Fabricius ab Aquapendente observing being a good Chyrurgeon saith that he never undertook this
by Salivation whatsoever troubles the Stomach either in quantity or quality useth to stir that up when it cannot be voided by reason of the weakness of the Stomach or the strength of the upper Orifice or thickness of the Matter or sliminess But Vomiting which is called in Greek Emetos or Emesia is a Depraved motion of the Stomach which shaketh it by which the Expulsive Faculty is stirred up by Contraction of the Fibres of the lower part and loosening those in the superior doth sensibly with a violent Motion throw upward the Matter contained therein which is troublesom unto it it is called a Depraved Motion both in respect of the Object troubling it as also in respect of the Motion it self which is from the bottom of the Stomach to the Mouth of it turning it when the natural Motion of the Stomach is Compulsive towards the Guts and the Pylorus The Differences of Vomitings are taken from their Causes which are either External or Internal therefore it is Divided first into Natural and Artificial the Natural again is either without a Disease or in the Disease from whence ariseth a Three-fold Difference one is called Periodical another Critical and another Symptomatical Periodical is that which without a Disease is used for preservation often from whence we reade in Hippocrates That the Ancients did Vomit Twice every Month either at distance or together And there are many in our times who use either every Month or Week or Day to Vomit Choller or Flegm by which they are Preserved from many Diseases And this is not properly a Symptome because there is no Disease present but it is rather to be termed a Motion of Nature Critical Vomiting often happens in Diseases and by that the Matter of the Disease if preparation be first made is wholsomly Evacuated either al by which it is Cured or in part by which it is Diminished Symptomatical Vomiting comes from Nature provoked and weakned and without ease to the Patient because it is not enough or it is nourished continually with the Matter that maketh the Disease Other Differences of Vomitings are taken from the things vomited for they are either Nourishable or Excrementitious the first is of Meat Chylus or pure or mixed blood the latter is of Flegm Choller Melancholly Water Matter Worms and the like Artificial Vomiting generally is whatsoever is from an External Cause The External Causes are chiefly Stroaks Falls Compression of the lower Belly Southernly weather or infectious Air Poysonous Breath Stinking Smels Violent Exercise Riding Sayling at Sea especially in a Southernly wind beholding or conceiving of some filthy thing And the like External Causes which provoke Nature or move the Humors but especially things taken in have great force not only vomits called Emetica and Poysons which we distaste but also Nourishment either hurtful in their Nature or hated peculiarly of some as in Hippocrates who speaks of one who with eating of Mushromes or Toad-stooles died Vomiting The same happened to a Courtier of Antoninus the Emperor who by eating much mouldy Cheese died Vomiting The quality of Food wil do the same if it be Fat or Oyly as also a proposterous order in eating when moistning and loosning things are eat after astringents and also too much food taken though never so good as appears in Gluttons for then Nature being over charged desires to throw out what she cannot concoct to which she is also stirred up by the evil quality which is brought to those meats by corruption or evil concoction The internal Causes are either Antecedent or Conjunct The Antedent Causes either come from the whol Body or from some proper peculiar part into the Stomach They come from the whol Body in a Plethory evil habit or Cathexy Feavers and other diseases of the whol Body The Humors are often derived from some peculiar part into the Stomach in the Inflamation of the Liver Spleen or other Obstruction of the Mesentery from the Terms stopped or Hemorrhoids from a Catarrh or the like To this you may ad the evil Conformation of the Porus Cholidochus when it is not placed into the Duodenum but into the Stomach whence they are called Pichrocholi Ana who are often troubled with Chollerick Vomits by reason of this evil Conformation Alâ—o this vomiting cometh by the Peristaltick motion of the Guts when they are stopped in the Chollick and the humors cannot well get forth but come upwards also Worms coming up into the Stomach from the Guts and pulling the inward Tunicle thereof do cause vomiting And lastly An Imposthume broken in the Spleeâ— Mesentery and other parts of the Abdomen useth to cause a vomiting of Matter The Conjunct Causes of Vomiting are them before mentioned when they come to the Stomach for while they were in other they were antecedent Causes These are especially divers Humors some bred in the Stomach especially Flegm of which there is often much in the Stomach by Crudities and want of Concoction when the Stomach is weak and turns it into flegm So also is there somtimes green Choller in the Stomach bred of corrupt Humors as Galen teacheth Com. in 2. Progn and this cleerly appears in sucking Insants who through corruption of Milk in their Stomach use to avoid green stools like Leeches or Verdegreese This green Choller which comes from corrupt nourishment in the Stomach is not the same with that which cometh from yellow Choller by adustion and torrefaction The Signs of Vomiting are manifest But the Causes as they are divers so they have divers signs First then if Vomiting come from a fault in the Stomach there are signs of that part being affected as loathing of meat heaviness extension swelling in the Region of the Stomach slow and hand Concoction sowr and stinking belchings and other signs that shew the distemper of that part So if it come from a Common and Organical Disease in the Stomach as a Tumor or Ulcer the signs of these Diseases will discover themselves But if Vomiting come by sympathy from the whol body or other parts there will appear some Disease of the whol body or some part The whol Body is affected in Feavers evil Habit Jaundice Atrophy or want of nourishment But the Principal parts from which the Humors are sent more frequently to the Stomach are the Brain Liver Guts and Womb. If the Humors flow from the Brain to the Stomach there will appear signs of distillations frothy and flegmy vomitings and a great loathing at meat time If the Humor come from the Liver it is commonly Choller and Vomiting before meat is worse than after and there appears some disease in the Liver as pain or tumor If the Matter come from the Guts either there will be Chollick or Illiack passion or the signs of Worms Lastly If it come from the Womb there is Conception suppression of Terms or other Symptomes We may also know by some signs whether the Humor be contained in the Cavity of the Stomach or stick to the
strain them Let him take two ounces twice or thrice in a day If the pain be great you may give the Syrup of Poppy Let his Drink be barley Water with Syrup of Violets taken cold In the progress of the Disease you must mix other Medicines with the aforesaid which may help to dissolve To this end you may prescribe these following Juleps Take of the Syrup of Water Lillies Apples and of the Juyce of Purslain of each one ounce Syrup of Sea Wormwood half an ounce Lettice Sorrel and Fennel Water of each three ounces the pouder of Diamargariton frigid one dram Make a Julep for three Doses to be taken twice in a day To these you may adrestoring Opiates Narcoticks and the like all which are to be varied many waies according to the Judgment and Wisdom of the Physitian Turpentine washed with Wormwood Water if it be given twice or thrice doth either dissolve or maturate the Imposthume of the Stomach Let this following Fomentation be applied in the beginning Take of Sorrel Roots two ounces Endive Succory and Mallows of each one handful Lettice and white Poppy seeds of each three drams white and red Sanders of each half a dram Violets and Water Lillies of each one pugil Make a Decoction adding a little Rose Vinegar Let the Stomach be fomented warm therewith Or make one with the distilled Waters of Lettice and Water Lillies with a little Vinegar and Pouder of Triasantalon After fomenting let the part be anointed with Oyl of Roses and Violets mixed or with this following Take of Oyl of Roses one ounce and an half Oyl of Violets and Rose Vinegar and of the Juyce of Sowthistle of each half an ounce Boyl them to the consumption of the Juyces then ad of red Sanders one dram red Roses half a dram Lavender and Camphire of each half a scruple as much Wax as will make an Oyntment Cataplasms in the beginning are not good because they burden the part with their weight and by retaining the heat encrease the Inflamation In the declination when the Tumor is resolved which is chiefly to be desired you may apply a dissolving Fomentation made thus Take of Flower deluce Roots two ounces the Leaves of Mints Marjoram Penyroyal Sea Wormwood of each one handful Annis and Foenugreek seeds of each two drams Grains of Kermes one dram the flowers of Stoechas Rosemary Chamomel of each one pugil Make a Decoction adding in the end a little white Wine With this foneent the Stomach After fomenting anoint the part with Oyl of Wormwood Nutineg Spike and the like of which you may make an Oyntment with a little Wax and Pouder Orris Root or Cinnamon But Emplasters and Cataplasms because they burden the part with their weight are not here good But if the Tumor tend to Suppuration foment the part with the Decoction of the Flowers of Chamomel and red Roses Then apply this following Cataplasm Take of Althoea Roots two ounces Brank Vrsine and Roses of each one handful Boyl them well and beat them together then ad of Barley meal Lin-seed Foenugreek and pouder of Chamomel of each half an ounce white and red Sanders of each two drams with Oyl of Roses and Chamomel With a little Hens Grease make a Cataplasin often to be renewed After the Imposthume is broken let the Ulcer be clensed with Hydromel given in a smal quantity To which you may ad the Manna of Frankinsence according to Galens Precept Or give it with Barley Water with Sugar of Roses in the beginning in time of heat When the Ulcer groweth old of what Cause soever it come either from sharp corroding Humors or burning Medicines or Poyson Broths of cool Herbs and drying of Barley Almonds and Sugar of Roses or new Milk with Sugar and a little Honey are very good At length Chalybeate Milk and Iron Water for ordinary drink or Water wherein a piece of Bole-Armenick or Terra Sigillata hath been steeped is very excellent To which you may put a little sharp Wine if there be but little heat in the part Then give this Apozeme Take of Barley one pugil Scabious Agrimany Burnet and Maiden-hair of each half a a handful Melone seeds two drams red Roses dried one pugil make a Decoction to one pint in which dissolve three ounces of Syrup of dried Roses Make an Apozeme for four doses to be reapted often Also the Decoction of China is excellent for internal Ulcers when there is no Feaver taken twenty daies or more sweating gently for so the Ulcer will be dried by degrees But if you fear a consumption boyl the China Root aforesaid in Chicken Broth or Pidgeon Broth with the aforesaid Herbs and Barley made clean In an old Ulcer the drinking of Mineral Waters either of Vitriol Iron or Allum for a Month together are very good In the whol time of the Disease to keep the Stomach clean use gentle Purges as Rhubarb Tamarinds Myrobalans Syrup of Roses and Diacatholicon taken once in a week Lastly To heal up the Wound use these following Take of Bole-armenick Terra Sigillata red Coral and Blood-stone wash'd all in Rose Water of each one dram Sanguis Draconis Gum Arabick and Traganth of each half a dram white Poppy seeds bruised and parched Hypocistis Frankinsence and Sarcocol of each one scruple Sugar of Roses one ounce Make a Pouder of which take a dram in Plantane Water or Conserve of Roses every day Or make an Opiate of the same Pouder with Conserve of Comphry and Roses Syrup of Quinces and Myrtles Or you may make Troches of the same Pouder with the Mucilage of Fleabane seeds or Gum Traganth All which the Patient may use by turns lest he grow weary of the same Outwardly to close the Ulcer you may apply to the Stomach a Fomentation of the Decoction of Wormwood Roses Pomegranate peels Galls Pomegranate Flowers Myrtles Frankinsence Mastich or the like And lastly anoint the part with an astringent Oyntment or apply an astringent Emplaster The End of the Ninth Book THE TENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Intestines or Guts The PREFACE THE Perfection of all Nourishment consists in these Three Operations to Ingest Digest and Egest that is To take in Concoct and send forth The first respects the Appetite The second the Concoction belongs to the Stomach But the third respects the Intestines whose office of Egestion or sending forth being moderate and according to the rules of Nature brings great benefit to the whol Body On the contrary if it be defective as in the binding of the Belly or abound as in divers Fluxes there arise divers greivous Diseases Moreover the reteining of superfluous things doth cause Chollicks Iliacks and Hemorrhoids And finally putrifactions in the Guts doth not only produce Fluxes but Worms That all these may be severally Explained this Book shall contain Eleven Chapters The First is of the Chollick The Second of the Iliack Passion The Third of binding of the Belly The
three drams Myrobalans Chebs and Emblicks parched of each one ounce Bole sealed Earth and Blood-stone of each six drams Coriander seeds prepared one ounce and an haly Spodium or burnt Ivory two drams Roses one ounce the Species of three Sanders without Camphire half an ounce Rust of Iron prepared one ounce Barley flower two ounces Oyl of Mastich and Myrtles of each as much as is sufficient make an Emplaister to cover the whol Belly from the Cartilage called Ensiformis or Xiphoides to the Os Pectinis or the Bone at the bottom of the Belly You may also make a Fomentation for the whol Belly of a Decoction of astringent things made in Iron Water with a little red Wine and Vinegar Or Take of red Roses two handfuls Wormwood and Mints of each one handful Nutmeg and Cypress Roots Mastich and Galangal of each one dram With a linnen cloth make a bag as big as the belly which being warmed in red Wine or Vinegar may be laid upon the belly Or Take of Wormwood Mints Plantane Oak Leaves and tops of Brambles Horstail and Knot-grass of each one handful Chamomel flowers two pugils red Roses half a handful Myrtles one dram Seeds of Sumach Plantane and Coriander of each six drams Nutmegs three make a Decoction in steeled Water and red Wine for to foment the Belly Rulandus doth apply a bag of Bran boyled in Vinegar If the pain be great apply a linnen cloth wet in steeled Milk that is warm But if Fomentations wil not Cure you may use Waters to sit in called Insessus These are commended by Matthew de Gradi Savanarola and Jachinus who saith that they are a great secret for the Cure of Children for by their actual heat they do drive the Humors somwhat towards the Skin and by their aâ—â—ringent quality stop the flux But you must not use them if the Body be very full of evil Humors or if the Dysentery be malignant and joyned with a Feaver They are made of Oak buds green Cypress Berries green Pine-nuts or Leaves Barks and other such like boyled in Water of the aforesaid Decoctions for Fomentations You may make Fumigations that the Patient may receive the vapor of them through a hollow Chair Especially a Decoction made of Mullein and the Fume thereof received is commended in this Disease and also for a Diarrhoea Faventinus commends a Fumigation made of Turpentine cast upon a hot Iron taken up into the Body twice a day And he commends also this Fomentation Take of Balm one pound Mullein one handful Put them in a long bag boyl it well in red Wine and strong Vinegar and apply it to the Fundament Rulandus useth a Decoction of Acorns in Vinegar for a Fomentation And Faventinus propoundeth this following Lotion as a secret to stop the Dysentery Take of the dross of Iron and filings of Steel both prepared in Vinegar of each one pound then boyl them in two pints of very strong Vinegar to the consumption of half Let the Patient put his feeâ— and his hands half an hour every morning and evening therein In a long Disease and when there are Ulcers in the Guts Quick-silver is good if it be mixed with Oyntment of Roses and the belly anointed therewith As also the Clysters afore mentioned for filthy Ulcers At the same time you may give Milk and Syrup of Myrtles Also one dram of true Balsom given in a Wafer doth wonderfully heal al inward Ulcers For asswaging pain apply the Caul of a new killed Sheep to the belly and bind it on especially to Children and repeat it often If the Liver Stomach or Brain cause this flux you must use proper Medicines to them alwaies making choice of those that do astringe and strengthen For his ordinary Drink give him Spring Water with Conserve of Roses the Tincture of Roses a Decoction of Oaken Leaves or Water wherein Terra sigillata is infused or wherein red hot Gold hath been quenched with Syrup of Quinces Myrtles or dried Roses Or when there is no Feaver use a weak Decoction of Mastich with the Syrups aforesaid According to Crato's Judgment you must not use any chaly beat or steeled Drink for it doth not astringe as commonly they suppose but troubleth the belly Others commend the Decoction of Gramen or Dogs Tooth because it is good to dry and divert by Urine Lastly 'T is worth the Observation which Aetius speaks Lib. 3. Cap. 8. and Paulus Lib. 1. Cap. 35. that old fluxes are dryed up by Venery Which Hippocrates said formerly 7. Epid in the end Excessive Venery doth cure fluxes of the belly Amatus Lusitanus learned this Truth by Experience Curat 41. Cent 2. One troubled with a Dysentery saith he very violently was married and the first night he lay with his Wife was cured Let this be added for a Conclusion which is related in the Cure of Diarrhoea out of Platerus in his Cure of the flux of the Hemorrhoids Hot Blood of either Man or Beast given in a Clyster doth wonderfully stop and cure the flux Chap. 7. Of Tenesmus TEnesmus is a continual desire to go to stool and voiding of nothing but Slime or bloody Matter The immediate Cause of this Disease is an Ulcer in the streight Gut called Intestinum rectum from which Quittor or filthy Matter continually floweth and stirreth up the expulsive Faculty by which means there is a continual desire of going to stool Moreover there is voided a slimy Matter mixed with blood from the depravation of the Homoiosis or quality that converts things into its likeness of the ulcerated part because it cannot wel concoct its proper Nourishment and make it like it self but turns it into another slimy substance as we shewed more at large in Dysenteries and other Ulcers of the Guts But in regard we said in the Chapter of Dysentery That al the Intestines might be ulcerated in that disease thence it seems to follow That the Ulcers of the straight Gut called Rectum belong to a Dysentery Yet Custom hath so prevailed that when the Rectum is only hurt it is called by the name of Tenesmus And because when other Guts are affected if the Rectum suffer there is also Tenesmus or needing although the disease be then called a Dysentery therefore Dysentery and Tenesmus are of the same Nature and have the same Cause and differ only in respect of the part affected And therefore we need not repeat the Causes because they are the same with those that produce a Dysentery For the Knowledg of this Disease there is no more required but to distinguish it from a Dysentery which you may learn from the definition For in a Tenesmus there is a continual needing but in a Dysentery it is by fits besides in that after great straining there is voided only a little slime bloody or mattery but in a Dysentery both Excrements and Humors are continually voided The Signs of the Causes are the same with a Dysentery As for the Prognostick Celsus Lib.
want of Concoction or Crudity it is prevented You must mark that it is in the beginning for if a flux come upon an old Dropsie it is not so safe because commonly there is some fault in the Bowels by continuance as a Scitrhus or corruption of substance which begets new matter and death also Henee Hipp. in Prorrh saith that they who are to be cured of the Dropsie must be Euspiagchnous that is those that have sound Bowels free from the great Diseases mentioned Otherwise if a flux of the Belly happen with a Scirrhus or corruption of the Liver they die presently as Galen shews 2. ad Glau. cap. 5. And Avicen saith thus Straitness of breath and flux of the belly signifie death within three daies Little Urine in Dropsies is evil the less the worse because the Drink runs into the Belly and not into the Reins Hence Hipp. in Coac saith Little and thick Urine and a Dropsie that is Feaverish is deadly but if the quantity of Urine encrease we may hope well Which is elegantly laid down by Celsus And then saith he there is hope of Health when they void more Urine than they drink Therefore it is good every day to measure the Urine and the Drink and the Belly with a string especially while Physick is given to see whether it grow less or not for if it encrease notwithstanding the Medicines it is desperate Imposthumes or spots in the Legs or Hydropical men are deadly Hippocrates confirms this 7. Epid. in the History of Bion and Ctesipthon the one whereof died presently after an imposthume which ran in his left Knee the other after he had a red and blewish gathering in his right Thigh Men that are cured by Medicines for Dropsies if they fall again into the same are desperate Hipp. in Coac For it signifieth that there is some incurable fault lurking in the Bowels which after the water is emptied reneweth it again If the Patient have sound Bowels and strength eat his meat and concoct well and be not sick after breath freely have no pain cough or thirst and his tongue grow not rough so much as in his sleep if Medicines presently purge him and if without Medicines he be bound and in a Natural order and if his Urine change according to his Diet or if he be not faint If all these things be present the Patient is recovered if some of them there is hopes of amendment if none he is desperate In a dry Dropsie to piss by drops is evil Hipp. in Coacis A Tympany in a Melanchollick Body is deadly and Remedies are given in vain If in a Leucophlegmatia a strong Diarrhoea follow the Disease is cured Hipp. Aph. 29. Sect. 7. but this Diarrhoea must be at the beginning or at least before the Disease be old or the strength of the Party weakened but if it happen when the Patient is weak it is dangerous The Cure of the Dropsie consists in the Evacuation of the Matter whether it be in the whol Body or in the Abdomen or Belly in taking away the Cause that produced that Matter and in strengthening of the Bowels especially the Liver The chief and most ordinary Causes are great Obstructions and Scirrhus or hard Tumors the Cure of which Diseases is to be taken out of their proper Chapters But if they will not suffice you must use these following which are more proper in Dropsies and vary them according to the variety of Causes and the Bodies sick And first you must give an ordinary Purge by an opening Apozeme that expels slegm and water made thus Take of the Roots of Eryngus Madder Smallage Parsley and Elicampane of each one ounce Valerian Asarabacca Dwarf-Elder and Flower deluce Roots of each half an ounce the Bark of the Roots of Capars and inward Bark of an Ash and Tamarisk of each six drams the Leavs of Agrimony Ceterach Maiden-hair Germander St. Johns-wort Wormwood and the lesser Centaury of each one handful Sold anella or wild Mercury half a handful the seeds of Carrots Parsley and Fennel of each half an ounce scraped Liquoris and Raisons stoned of each one ounce clean Senna one ounce and an half Agarick tied in a clout three drams the seeds of Dwarf-Elder and Jallap Roots of each one dram and an half Ginger and Cloves of each one dram Broom Elder and Tamarisk flowers of each one pugil Boyl them in equal parts of steeled Water and white Wine added towards the end to a pint and a quarter When it is strained dissolve therein Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb four ounces Make a cleer Apozeme aromatized with three drams of Cinnamon for four morning draughts After Universal Purging let the Patient take this following Pouder once a week Take of Clean Senna Gummy Turbith Hermodacts Dwarf-Elder seeds Jallan and Mechoacan of each one dram Cream of Tartar two drams Cambugia half a dram the pouder of Diamber Diarrhodon Abbatis and Fennel seeds of each one scruple Sugar candy three drams Make a Pouder of them all of which infuse two drams or two drams and an half all night in four ounces of white Wine Let him take the Wine and the Pouder in the morning The Syrup of Rhamus solutivus or Buckthorn made of the Juyce of its Fruit called Rhein Berries with Sugar given one ounce at a time doth wonderfully purge water It must be taken presently after Dinner Or give the Magistral Syrup made of the Decoction of the Apozeme afore mentioned the dose of Purgers being encreased or this following Take of the Juyce of Damask Roses two pints the Juyce of the Roots of Danewort Flowerdeluce Succory Leaves and Agrimony of each half a pint the seeds of Danewort Mechoacan Roots and of the best Rhubarb of each two ounces Spicknard three drams yellow Sanders two drams Crystal of Tartar one dram and an half infuse them a whol night and after a little boyling strain them then put as much white Sugar as is of the Liquor boyl it into a Syrup and add to it of the salt of Wormwood half an ounce Let him take two drams with opening Broth once in a week Or instead of this Syrup or at other times when it is not taken you may give these Pills which purge the evil Humors and also open Obstructions Take of the best Aloes steeped in the Juyce of Wormwood half an ounce Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Vinegar and strained the best Myrrh and Crocus Martis prepared with Sulphur of each three drams Salt of Wormwood and Tamarisk of each two drams Diagridium and Troches of Albandal of each one dram Saffron Ginger and Salgem of each one scruple With Oxymel of Squils make a Mass of Pills of which give half a dram twice in a week two hours before Dinner Also Purging Wines are much commended for the cure of the Dropsie of which there are divers Forms But these are best Take of the Roots of Asarabacca and Mechoacan of each two ounces the French Flowerdeluce and Bark of
as the Liver or Spleen are most affected Then give these Broths Take of Sparagus Dog-tooth and Succory Roots of each half an ounce Agrimony Ceterach Maiden-hair Bugloss and Succory of each half a handful Cream of Tartar one dram boyl them with a Chicken and make Broth ten or twelve daies adding four drops of Spirit of Vitriol to cool and open more In old Obstructions you may add to the former China Roots Sassaphras white Sanders Smallage Roots and â—â—le Fern Roots Bettony Scabious Coriander prepared Raisons and the like If the Belly be bound or the Body very foul give in every third draught of Broth half an ounce of Senna with Annis seeds Or this Apozeme instead of the Broth Take of Bugloss Sparagus Succory and Sorrel Roots of each one ounce the middle rind of Tamarisk and Ash of each half an ounce Agrimony Ceterach Maiden-hair Dodder Succory Fumitory Hops Bugloss and Borrage of each one handful the four cold seeds Annis and Fennel seeds of each two drams Currance one ounce Senna and Polipody of the Oak of each two ounces Dodder of Time one ounce the best Agarick and Rhubarb infused by themselves in Cinnamon Water of each two drams Mace and Cloves of each one dram the three Cordial Flowers of each one pugil Boyl them to a pint and dissolve in the straining Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb and of Roses solutive of each two ounces Make an Apozeme clarified and aromatized with two drams of yellow Sanders for four morning draughts Or give Cock Broth thus made Take of Roots of Asparagus Bruscus and the bark of Capar Roots and Tamarisk of each half an ounce Agrimony Ceterach and Maiden-hair of each one handful Annis Citron and Carduus seeds of each one dram Senna half an ounce Polipody of the Oak and Epithimum or Dodder of Time of each three drams Cinnamon one scruple Crystal of Tartar one dram Boyl them all with half a Cock which let him take four mornings After you have sufficiently purged a Bath of warm Water is most convenient used many â—â—ieâ— in which cool Herbs have been boyled and sweet Apples Somtimes it is made of Barley and Almoâ—â—â— beaten and put into a Bagg and boyled in Water It must be often repeated if the season will permit for Galen 8. de loc aff cap. 6. saith that he cured many melancholhck men only with the use of hot baths without any other Medicine And if the Patient cannot endure a whol bath let him have one for half the body And least often washing should hurt the Stomach when he enters into the Bath let it be perâ—â—â—â— with Oyl of Nutmegs by Expression or the like When he goes forth of the bath let the Region of his Liver be anointed with the Cerat of Sanders or Oyntment of Roses washed in Oxycrate After his last bath let the Hemorrhoids be provoked with sharp Suppositories or with rubbing the Anus with Fig Leaves or with a rough linnen Cloth and with two or three Hors-leeches apphed to the most apparant places take away five or six ounces of blood And this must be done every Spring and Fall and somtimes once a Month. They who are used to have the Flux of the Hemorrhoids if it hath been long stopped so that they wil not appear must have a Cupping Glass applied If after the Leeches are fallen off they bleed stil as somtimes they wil stop them with Clay or Pouder of Coal or with Spiders Webs or with Pouder of Lime or with astringent Pouders taken up with the white of an Egg and Pledgets And if you cannot conveniently open them it is good to draw blood from the inferior Veins that the most impure may be voided An Issue burnt in the left Legg doth purge the Spleen and other Bowels from superfluous Humors and therefore forget it not But because this Disease useth to be very stubborn and after Purging new Humors return you must purge by sits that the Body may be freed from them by degrees which may be wel done by a Magistral Syrup made thus Take of new drawn purified Juyces of the Flowers of Borrage Bugloss Endive Succory Fumitory and Sorrel three pints the Juyce of sweet Apples newly drawn and clensed two pints fresh Polipody of the Oak half a pound clean Senna eight ounces Dodder of Time three ounces Agarick newly made into Troches one ounce Ginger and Cloves of each one dram Infuse them and strain them according to art till there remain five pints and a quarter of the Liquor in which dissolve the straining of an ounce of Rhubarb dissolved in the said Juyces by themselves with a little Cinnamon and one pound of Sugar Make of these a well boyled Syrup clarifie it and aâ—â—matize it with two drams of the Pounder of the three Sanders keep it in a Glass and let him take into ounces thereof twice or thrice in a month with a little Chicken Broth boyled with Endive Sorrel Borrage and Burnet Or instead of the Syrup you may give Pils especially in Winter such as were mentioned in the Obstruction of the Liver or if you fear they are too hot you may make these following Take of Polypody of the Oak half an ounce Asarabacca Roots and Broom buds of each one dram Currance three drams Crystal of Tartar one dram and an half Bugloss and Borrage flowers of each half a pugil Boyl them in Spring Water Take half a pint of the straining being well clarified and six ounces of the Juyce of sweet Apples also well clarified and infuse therein one ounce of clean Senna Turbith and Agarick of each three drams Mace Cloves Cinnamon and Dodder of Time of each one dram digest them four daies in Balneo Marioe then strain them and add to the straining one ounce of the Extract of Aloes made in Endive and Sorrel Water Myrrh dissolved in Wine and strained two drams Salt of Tartar one dram Evaporate them all and inspissate and thicken them at a gentle fire adding towards the end when the matter is almost evaporated Diarrhodon Abbatis Loetisicans Galeni and the Troches of Dialacca of each half a scruple bring them into a mass for Pills and let the Patient take half a dram once in a week two hours before meat Pereda witnesseth that the hath cured many Melanchollick men with this following Pouder and he cals it Blessed and Divine Take of Dodder of Time half an ounce Lapis Lazuli and Agarick in new made Troches of each two drams Scammony one dram Cloves twenty mix them into a Pouder and give two drams twice or thrice in a month with Whey or Borrage Water If you cannot conveniently give often Purges it is good every other day to give a Clyster to revel vapors and draw forth some part of the Humor for if they go deep into the Guts they take away the greatest part of the filth from the Meseraicks We knew a Noble Man who being long troubled with this Disease was cured by often Clysters
hardness there which being touched pained him the story whereof is at larger related in our 81. Observation Cent. 3. And in the knowledg of the Scurvy we observed which none that ever wrote thereof did That in all Scurvyes there is a Tumor of the Pancreas because you may find a straightness oppression and weight in the Region of the Stomach And this Sign is laid down for a cleer one by Eugalenus Sennertus and others There are some stories in Authors of Imposthumes found in the Pancreas which were not discovered while the Patients lived But by the Symptomes they had they may be partly known as some like those of the Scirrhus to which you may joyn these a lingering Feaver which is the companion of almost all inward Imposthumes much watching short sleep and after it pain swooning and cold sweats The Cure of the Obstruction Scirrhus and Imposthume of the Pancreas is the same with those of the Liver Spleen and Mesentery There you may fetch Medicines from the Chapters concerning them Chap. 5. Of the Diseases of the Caul or Omentum BEcause the Omentum is a soft part and fat fit by reason of its loosness to receive Humors that come from other parts It is subject to divers Diseases as the Mesentery and Pancreas And these are not described by Authors because they can scare be seen in living men but only by Anatomy as you may see in some Stories in our Observations Vesalius saith that he saw in a Body opened an Omentum so swoln that is weighed five pounds when in its Natural condition it would weigh scare half a pound Roussetus in lib. de partu Caesareo reports that in Paris there was found a great Imposthume in the Omentum Riolanus in his Anthropographia saith that he saw an Omentum in a Noble Youth of ninteen yeers of age so full of kernels by which it received abundance of filthy Humors the Mesentery and Pancreas being imposthumated and the Spleen almost consumed We also saw a Scirrhus Omentum in a Fryar of Montpelior all over the lower part of the Belly and four fingers thick it was of the color of the Spleen so that it was probable that it was caused by Melancholly from thence because he was of a Melanchollick temper and the passage is very open by the branches of the Spleen Veins to the Omentum by which branches as Hippocrates teacheth the water in a Dropsie is brought from the Spleen to the Omentum from which by degrees it distils into the Cavity of the Abdomen But because the swelling of the Omentum can by no means be distinguished from that of the Mesentery therefore we cannot appoint a distinct knowledg It is true that the Tumors of the Omentum are easier known at the first touch because it is immediately under the Peritonaeum but the Mesentery is so united to it and the Muscles of the lower Belly that they are sent forth by suppuration through the Navel or other external parts Yet this Difficulty of Knowledg doth not hinder the Cure because the same Medicines serve for all Tumors that are alike in all the parts of the belly but the Cure is worse to be made in the Omentum because it hath not fit way as other parts have for the purging of its self The End of the Thirteenth Book THE FOURTEENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Reins and Bladder The PREFACE THE Reins and Bladder have divers and all sorts of Diseases both Similary Organical and Common from which divers Symptomes arise both in the actions hurt and also in the fault of the Evacuations We will comprehend the chief in Nine Chapters The First shall be of the Stone in the Kidneys and the pain of the Reins called Dolor Nephriticus The Second of the Stone in the Bladder The Third of the Inflamation of the Reins and Bladder The Fourth of Pissing of Blood The Fifth of the Vlcer of the Reins and Bladder The Sixth of Diabetes or Involuntary pissing The Seventh of the not holding of the Water The Eighth of Ischuria or stoppage of the Water and Strangury The Ninth of Dysuria or scattering of the Vrine Chap. 1. Of the Stone in the Kidneyes and Pain in the Reins called Dolor Nephriticus THat is called Dolor Nephriticus which doth afflict the Ureters or Reins the common people call it the Stone-Chollick because of the great affinity it hath with the Chollick so that it is hard to distinguish them as you shall see in the Diagnostick or Signs The Cause of this Pain in manifold but chiefly the stone or thick flegm A stone continuing in the Reins causeth either little or no pain because the substance of the Reins hath little Sence but if it fall upon the Head of the Ureters or get into the passage and distend it and cannot be brought to the Bladder by reason of its greatness then it causeth grievous pain But gross flegm fastened upon the Ureters doth distend them and causeth the Nephritical pain The less ordinary Causes are thick blood fixed in the Ureters or thick Matter coming from the Kidneyes or other parts somtimes wind gets into the Cavity and causeth great pain There are many Controversies in Authors about the stone which is the chief and usual cause of the pain of the Reins which we shall not accurately declare but only touch those things which are necessary to declare its Nature and Causes And first they doubt under what kind of Disease they should reckon the stone Galen placeth it among the Diseases in number of those things which are wholly besides Nature as also the Worms For though a Disease in number properly doth respect living parts whose number being encreased or diminished maketh an organical Disease yet those things which are preternaturally added to the number of those things of which the Body is compounded ought to be referred to the Diseases in number so that somtimes the bare qualities are somtimes referred to Diseases in number when they do immediately hurt the actions as yellowness in the Eye of one that hath the Jaundice a noise in the Ears and a bitter tast upon the Tongue Oftentimes the stone is reckoned among Causes of Diseases as it breeds Obstruction or Distention It may also be placed among the Symptomes those that are voided or retained for if it be retained in the Kidneys Reins or Bladder when it should be voided it is to be reckoned among those things that are preternaturally retained but when it is voided it is to be reckoned among those that are voided wholly against Nature But there is more difficulty about the cause of the stone both material and efficient Galen and his posterity thought that flegm was the material cause of the stone which is thick and slimy fit to be hardened and as they say of late faeculent slimy and Tartarous and heat the efficient which drieth and hardeneth that matter and at length turneth it into a stone Which Doctrine
a little white Wine or red Pease broth Sea-holly and Liquoris exercising after it Carolus Piso highly commends this following Pouder which he gave with his purging Pouder before mentioned and took away many boxes of smal stones from a President of Lorrain Take of Marsh-mallow and Violet seeds of each half a scruple Gromwel seeds and Liquoris of each one scruple the Jews stone and Spunge stone of each six grains the pouder of Dates Medlar and Cherry stones of each two scruples Melone Seeds three drams make a Pouder Give one dram with unleavened bread dipt in white Wine three daies together of the New moon and let him drink red Pease broth after it wherein the Roots of Marsh-mallows Fennel Sea-holly Rest-harrow and Parsley and Juniper berries bruised have been boyled adding a little white Wine Honey Butter and Juyce of Lemmons This following Electuary prescribed by Zappata is excellent Take of the Seeds of St. Johns-wort dried and finely poudered three ounces Conserve of Roses of Violets one pound mix them into an Electuary of which let the Patient take half an ounce every morning three hours before meat the first two weeks two daies together and after for fifteen daies once in a week and after that once in a month or oftener according as the Disease requireth Conserve of Roses is better than Violets because it correcteth the scent of the Turpentine which comes forth of the Seeds of St. Johns wort beaten But Violets agrees best with the Reins These following Lozenges are very safe and most excellent Take of the four great cold seeds and of Liquoris all clensed one scruple Burnet Bazil Parsley seeds and Nutmeg of each half a dram Aromaticum Rosatum two scruples Sugar dissolved in Winter Cherry Water four ounces make Lozenges of three drams in weight Let him take one in the morning three hours before meat drinking after it four ounces of Rest-harrow or Rupture-wort Water with two ounces of white Wine The Wine of Winter Cherries described in the Cure if it be drunk somtimes doth take away the Matter that breeds the Stone saith Villanovanus In the use of all Diureticks observe this They must not be used too often because they draw to the part affected there once or twice in a month or somtimes seldomer is sufficient purging before lest the Humors of other parts should be carried to the Reins Turpentine may be used oftener for Amatus Lusitanus in Curat 68. Cent. 2. reports of a Monk that had the Joynt-gout and the Stone both and could find help by nothing at length by the use of Turpentine he was cured within six months of them both Every morning he swallowed the quantity of a smal Nut with Sugar And the reason why Turpentine often used doth not hurt as other Diureticks in my Judgment is this Because it looseneth the Belly withal so that those gross Humors which by other Medicines would be carried to the Reins are sent out by stool But commonly Turpentine is used seldom as other Diureticks either alone or with other Medicines thus Take of Turpentine ten times washed in Saxifrage or Pellitory Water half an ounce With Sugar make a Bolus Or Take of Cassia newly drawn six drams Turpentine half an ounce Pouder of Liquoris two drams mix them for a Bolus Or Take half an ounce of Turpentine and one dram of poudered Rhubarb mix them for a Bolus Or Take Four ounces of Turpentine burn it upon a hot Iron that it may pouder and give two drams with convenient Liquor Or Take Turpentine half an ounce Pouder against the Stone called Pulvis Lithontribus tâ—o drams mix it for a Bolus Zacutus Lusitanus Obser 58. lib. 2. Praxis admir doth much commend Natural Balsom for expelling stones and that a man of three score yeers of age that had his Water stopped eighteen daies with stones was cured thereby First he took some drops of it with Oyl of sweet Almonds encreasing the quantity of both till he came to half an ounce of Balsom and three ounces of Oyl of sweet Almonds within ten daies he voided six stones and afterwards he was preserved by the same Medicine by taking in a morning half an ounce of Oyl of sweet Almonds and six drops of Balsom by which means he made a Sandy Urine and lived long If you want Eastern Balsom you may take that of Peru. The same Zacutus in the same Observation doth commend Tobacco Water in these words I remember saith he that I took away many great stones fastened in the hollow of the Reins with distilled green Tobacco Water If you want that then use the Decoction Most wiâ—e Varandaeus my Master commends the Waters of some Baths Balervacan or Bitumenous for Preservatives against the Stone of which we have seen rare effects We 〈◊〉 his words There is saith he no better Medicine after Purging than the drinking of Balervacan Waters for by the heat which comes from the Bitumen they dissolve gross humors and stones and by their Nitrous quality they clense and by their great quantity do not only clense the Guts but Reins so that it is incredible to tel what abundance of thick Water some have made after it But when we fear the Inflamation of the Guts we ordered them to abstain from Wine and gave them Chicken Broth with cold Herbs and Juleps Therefore we put fat Flegmatick men into them once a day in the morning having first anointed their Reins and Liver with some proper Oyntment and bound them with doubled linnen cloaths that the Excrements might be received from the Pores opened And if their Bewels grow hot they may after use sweet Water Baths that cool and moisten Sharp Mineral Waters or Vitriol are also good to prevent for they do not only dissolve the slimy Tartarous Matter that breeds the Stone but correct the hot distemper of the Liver and Reins and therefore in hot distempers these are best And because hot Bodies are hurt by hot things we will prescribe more temperate as Bean and Rupture-wort Water and Lemmon Water distilled Slice them and distil them in Balneo Mariae And for their better cooling still them with Milk The Conserve of Hipps is Diuretick and cooling and is commended by Crato in this case also The Conserve of Marsh-mallow and Mallow flowers which by mollifying and moistening helps the stones to come forth The inspissate Juyce of Purslain made into Pills and given one dram at a time doth powerfully clense the Reins The dried Flowers of Pomegranates in one dram doth purge the Matter causing the Stone And the like Quantity of the Dryed Spunge of white Thistle given in like quantity is excellent Fresh Butter with as much Sugar candy taken every morning fasting doth clense the Passages of the Urine and hinder the breeding of the Stone Bitter Almonds taken ten or twelve in a morning do the same Filberts also taken before meat are commended by Crato who saies that he found by Experience that many long
Also the Passage is stopped by the Stone by a Crude and Thick Humor by a Clod of Blood or Matter Besides The Urine may be stopt by a Tumor in some part nigh to the neck of the Bladder from the swelling of the Womb from the Excrements in the straight Gut or from the Hemorrhoids growing big Somtimes it comes from the long holding of the Water by which the Bladder is so stretched that it cannot contract it self to expel Urine by which stretching the passage is stopt and contracted Now the Bladder is filled by Urine too long detained two waies First when a sound man by urgent occasions in the Market Senate Church Banquet Running and the like holds his Urine for want of opportunity to void it which stretcheth it so that it cannot again contract it self and the pricking of the Urine is not perceived by reason of its dull sence from the distemper of the Nerves which come thither when those Nerves which are for the contracting of the Muscle are well and sound which Galen saith befel one 6. de loc aff cap. 4. when his Back bone was strained That is called a bastard Ischuria in which the Urine is stopped and the bladder empty because no Water descends into it There is a two-fold Cause why no Urine comes to the Bladder either because the Kidneys do not draw that wherof the Urin is made and send it down or because the Ureters wil not receive it therfore either the attractive or expulsive Faculty of the Reins is hurt The attractive or drawing Faculty is hurt by the Error of the Object or in its self This is from a strong distemper especially cold or from some stoppage in the Reins or in the Emulgent Veins These Obstructions proceed from the Stone thick flegm or Matter that falls down thither The obstruction of the Emulgents comes somtimes from too much blood or serous Matter a Story whereof we have in our Observations Observ I. Cent. I. By the fault of the Object the attraction of the Reins is hindered when the serum or water is spent as in burning Feavers or sent to other parts as in a Dropsie The Expulsive Faculty is hurt by the same Causes namely distemper the stone clods of blood matter or gross flegm or Inflamation The Ureters do not receive the Serum nor send it to the Bladder by reason of Inflamations or Obstruction by the Stone a clod of Blood Matter or thick flegm or by a compression from some humor in a part adjacent We must observe that both Kidneyes or Ureters are affected for the total stoppage of Urine for if one be open the Urine may pass The aforesaid Causes if they be violent may make a total Obstruction of Urine which is called Ischuria but if they be smal or remiss they make only an evacuation in part which is called a Strangury and both Diseases come from the same cause different in degrees A true Ischuria is known by the weight and enlarging of the lower part of the belly and by a Tumor in form like the bladder The Causes are known by things aforegoing or that accompany it For if it come from too great a quantity of Urine which hinders the Contraction of the Bladder the Patient wil tel you how that he forbore to piss by reason of long riding or the presence of some people of Honor and that before he never had any distemper in those parts But if he hath had a Delirium a Palsey or the like you may refer the stoppage to them The Stoppage which comes from Tumors of those or the adjacent parts or other Causes before mentioned wil be known by their proper Signs The stopping of the passage of the Bladder is known by a searing Candle put in or a Catheter which if they cannot pierce but are stopped by the way shew that there is a either stone or a Caruncle or a little Excrescens of flesh or the like in the passage And these are to be distinguished for if it be a Stone there was formerly a pain of the Reins whether it came from the Bladder or Reins If a Caruncle there was a stinking Gonorrhoea or running of the Reins or an Ulcer in the passage of the Yard that did long run And lastly If there be a Clod of Blood or Matter or Flegm you shal see some part of it come out of the Yard or it wil stick to the Catheter A Bastard Ischuria is hence known There is neither extension nor Tumor nor weight about the Privities but rather a kind of emptiness thereabout there is no desire to piss no tickling in the bladder and no Urine made there went before the signs of the Stone in the Kidneys or Ureters or of Inflamation or great fulness or much drink was taken which was not plentifully pissed forth whence the Veins might be swoln or else there is a burning Feaver or a Dropsie which signifie the revulsion and turning away of the Water or serous Matter As to the Prognostick The stoppage of Urine is very dangerous and if it continue above seven daies it is deadly for the Serum being retained in the Veins doth oppress the Liver infect the blood and runs into the whol body it brings danger of choaking and being carried to the brain produceth a Coma or kind of Lethargy The stoppage of Urine which comes from the back being wounded or by a fall or straining of the Vertebrae or back-bone is incurable If the Patient stink of Piss at his mouth or nose it is deadly If a Tenasmus or Needing follow a suppression of Urine it is death in seven daies And also if the Hiccough follow upon it The Cure of the stoppage of Urine whether it be total or partial must be by aiming at the Causes And first that supprestion which is called spurious and depends upon the Diseases of the Reins or Ureters is to be found in the Cure of the Inflamation pain or stone of the Kidneys that which comes from the fulness of the Emulgent Veins is to be cured by large bleeding and Medicines that purge Water A true Ischuria is cured by things that take away the cause and first if it come from Inflamation of the bladder or parts adjoyning you may find Medicines for it in the Cure of the Inflamation of the bladder But if it come from a stone in the neck of the bladder you must use these Remedies following First you must lay the Patient upon his Back with his Thighs lifted up and then shake him soundly to make the stone return into the Bladder And if this wil not do it use the Catheter But if the stone be in the passage of the Yard and you must labor to get it out with your fingers gently stroaking it to the end of the Yard and you must put the Yard into warm Water or Milk or the Patient into a Bath to open the Passage But if you can neither get it out nor in Practitioners say that you
retained which is not so easie to be known yet it may be known because the Womb after the Birth doth yet labor to cast somwhat forth although those endeavors are not so great as formerly there is perceived in the womb a sence of pain and heat and after certain daies a â—ilthy and carrion-like smel exhales from the Womb. The Retention of the Secundine is a very dangerous thing and if it continue some daies in the womb it acquires a silthy putrefaction whence ariseth an acute Feaver aptness to vomit fainting difficulty or breathing a Diaphoretick Sweat Coldness of the extream parts Hysterical Fits Fits of Falling-sickness and at last death it self Hippocrates in the Second Book of Popular Sicknesses by the example of a certain Carriers Wife doth hint unto us That it is good in this case when corrupt blood doth suddenly come from the womb in large quantities for it is hopeful that those Membranes being rotted and wasted will flow forth upon the sixth or seventh day The After-birth retained is expelled by the same Remedies which were propounded to drive out the dead Child whereunto we may add some appropriated or specifick Medicaments mentioned by Authors Gesnerus and Augenius do very much commend the stones of a gelded Horse cut in pieces and dried in an Oven The Pouder whereof is given as much as can be taken up between three fingers with the Broth of a Pullet which Medicine if need be must be twice or thrice reâ—â—erated Rulandus gave thirty drops of Oyl of Juniper with happy success Some advise the Childing Woman to hold an Onion hard between her Teeth and squeeze it there swallowing down the Juyce and she is to bite it so three or four times still sucking out the Juyce and swallowing the same and at last to drink a draught of warm Wine upon it which presently helps her Forestus makes relation of a certain Midwife which received this following Secret from a â—ewish Physitian Shee took the green Tops of Lovage she stamped them and strained out the Juyce with the best Rhenish Wine and gave a draught of it to the Patient Angelus Sala commends Mercurâ—us vitae in this Case as well as in the Expulsion of a dead Child Hereunto add Sneezings Fumigations Fomentations Liniments and other Medicines both inward and outward soâ—â—erâ—y described in the case of a dead Child The following Decoction used by a Country woman of ours hath done wonders Take Vinegar of Roses eight or ten pints Bay Leaves and Bay Berries of each three handfuls one Rose Caze cut in bits Boyl all together and let her Hips and Legs be a long time together bathed from her gâ—oyns down to her feet Vpon the use hereof the Womb hath opened of its own accord and the After-birth fallen away To this Decoction may fiâ—â—y be added of Mirrh and of the two Birthworts of each one ounce And among other helps the hand of a skilful Chyrurgion can do much being put into the womb before the Inflamation or Inflation be augmented For he laying hold of the After-births and gently turning them this way and that way may draw them out and free the woman from so many Symptomes and tiresom Medicines If the Secundine can by no means be perswaded forth but stick strongly to the womb and there putrefie suppurating things are to be put into the womb clensing things being mingled with them that as much as is putrefied may be by little and little brought forth To which intent Rondeletius commends Vnguentum Basilicum especially if it be dissolved in the following Decoction Take Leaves of Mallows with their Roots three handfuls Roots of the two Aristolochia's or Birthworts of each six drams Lin-seed and Foenugreek seed of each half an ounce Violet Leaves one handful Flowers of Chamomel and the smaller Centaury of each half a handful Boyl all in Water mixing therewith if there need great supâ—â—ration or reduction to Matter a little Oyl but if there be more need of detersion or clensing add a little Unguentum Aegyptiacum Chap. 21. Of Immoderate Flux of the Loches or Child-bed Purgations THe Immoderate Flux of Child-bed Purgations called from the Greek Loches is not to be estimated from the quantity or the time of continuance because that in divers Natures Ages and Courses of Life it is very different but from the ill-bearing of the woman and her weakness therefrom arising The Causes of this immoderate Flux are the over wide opening of the Vessels or their rending in hard Travel or the violent drawing forth of the After-birth or a more than ordinary quantity of blood which hath been collected in the Veins of the Womb during the whol course of the Womans being with Child or the thinness and sharpness of the said Blood which doth too much open the Mouthes of the Veins and provoke Nature to Excretion Immoderate flux of the Child-bed Purgations is known as hath been said from the strength of the woman which is dejected through the exhaustion of her spirits that issue with the blood also the blood is clotted and the Patient loaths all meat is pained under her short Ribs feels a distention of her Belly her Pulse is weak and frequent her sight is dimmed she hath noise in her Ears is subject to Swooning and Convulsions As all great Fluxes of Blood are dangerous because blood is the Treasure of our Life so immoderate flux of the Child-bed Purgations is more dangerous than the rest because of the Travel which goes before and weakens the Patient But the danger is more or less according to the greater or less quantity of the Blood which comes away and as the Symptomes are more light or grievous which attend the same which made Hippocrates to say in the 55. Aphorism of the fift Section If Convulsion or Swooning betides a Woman upon her Feminine Purgations it 's a shrewd sign The Cure of an Immoderate flux of Blood consists in one only Point viz. The stoppage of the said flux Yet extraordinary care is to be taken lest that be kept within which by these Purgations was wont to be carried away and so prove the cause of grievous Infirmities And therefore if the flux do not extreamly urge we must begin with lighter Medicaments proceeding by little and little if need shall require to such as are stronger And in the first place The violent Motion of the Blood is to be bridled by an incrassating of thickening Diet as by Panadaes Gellies Rice Starch with Calves-foot Broths Pears and Quinces boyled Rosted Flesh sprinkled with juyce of Pome-granates Let her have pretty plenty of Meat but not at once but divers times one after another For by this means the Heat and Spirit which in the Womb do aslist to the Expulsion are called away to the Stomach and by that means the Patients strength is restored Let her Drink be Water that hath had Iron quenched in it or Gold or in which a little Mastich hath been boyled Then such things
Body Howbeit the sick must be covered only with light and soft Coverings and not loaded with over many blankers or Rugs also the Feather-bed must be taken away and a flock-bed put in place upon which also in the extremity of Summer a covering of Leather wil conveniently be laid on Let the bed be wide that the sick may change place therein Let the Patients Linnen Shifts be often changed contrary to the vulgar opinion provided they be not newly washed nor smel of Soap and that the Time of the Crisis be not at hand in which nothing is to be stirred least the motion of Nature be hindred and disturbed The Sun-beams are to be kept out of the Patients Chamber and store of Company is to be avoided Water is often to be powred out of one Vessel into another in the sick Persons chamber The Pavement of the Chamber is to be sprinkled with Water Vinegar and Rose-Water mingled or with cooling Herbs and flowers as Vine Leaves Willow Leaves Leaves of Water Lillies Flags Roses and flowers of Violets and of Water Lilly which must be kept at hand in good Quantities in a cool place and be often fresh sprinkled and strowed about the Patients Chamber for when these Herbs and flowers are dried they heat the Chamber If the Chamber be cold as in winter it must be a little tempered with a fire avoiding Smoak Howbeit in flegmatick Feavers the Air must be Moderately hot and dry As for Point of Nourishment the Diet ought to be thin and spare in acute Feavers And therein the Antients were so severely diligent as to place the greatest Part of the Cure in ordering the Diet enjoyning such as were sick of a most acute Feaver to keep a most thin and slender Diet and giving them nothing but a ptisan drink of Barley Water as most convenient for persons in a Feaver seeing it cooles and Moistens withal extenuating and opening and hindering no Evacuation And they had two kinds of Ptisans One simply so called or whol Ptisan not strained the other was strained which we cal Barley Cream Barley clensed of the Husks boyled in sair Water to a Consistency or Pottage is the whol Ptisan this being strained with pressing is called Cream or Juyce of Barley But in our Times at least in our Country by the refractoryness of Women who fear nothing but that the sick person shal be starved as al their care in a manner is to cram their Children with meat like Pudding Bags how empty their Brains be of wit or their Hearts of Grace and wisdome matters not and the Indulgence of Physitians who the best of them smel too strong of the Mountebank it is grown into a fashion in al Feavers yea the most acute and violent to allow the sick at al times broaths of the flesh and Hens Chicken Capons mutton and that for the most Part they give every third or at most every fourth hour And in the Summer the flesh of a pullet kid or Lamb is added to the former Diet. And somtimes again broaths are made of nothing but a chick with cooling Herbs as Lettice Endive Sorrel and Purslan Or to ordinary broaths is added Juyce of Oranges Lemmons or Pome-Granats when the heat of the Feaver is very great or the putrefaction very intense Moreover in Feavers not so very acute Panadaes are given twice or thrice in a day made of washed bread and broath Also Barley broaths are somtimes used of the Ptisan of the Antients being strained with the broath of the flesh aforesaid and Sugar or without broath adding sweet Almonds But these for the most Part do oppress the stomach and therefore the use of simple broaths and Panadaes seems more convenient Howbeit very profitable it it to boyl a little Barley with flesh and thereof to make broaths In long Feavers a fuller Diet is fitting of the flesh of Chickens Veal Hens and Pullets Capons Partridges Mutton or of the Juyce pressed out of them Gellies made with them and such like Concerning the time of giving the Patients meat this is principally to be observed that they never eat in the time of the Exacerbation or fit but in the time of the Feaver But if the Exacerbation be very long let the Patient eat in the declination thereof For drink the Ptisan of the later Physitians made of the Decoction of Barley with Liquoris is usually given in all Feavers To which if the Feavers be very burning may be added a little Lettice Sorrel Tamarinds But more ordinarily are added the Roots of Grass or Sorrel which makes the Water look of an Elegant Colour like Wine But in long Feavers may be added sweet fennel Roots Parsley Roots Annis Seed Coriander Seed or Cinnamon as oft as the stomach through weakness is offended with drinking Take of the ordinary Ptisan-drink of Barley and Liquoris two pints spirit of sulphur as much as shall suffice for to make it pleasantly tart Harts-Horn burnt till it be white one ounce Let the Patient use it for ordinary drink shaking the Vessel before it be powred forth Also Water that hath had a peice of bread boyled in it either by it self or sweetned with Sugar is good or mingled with a little Vinegar or Water alone boyled to take away the Cruditie wherewith somtimes a little Suger is mixed and somtimes a little of the Juyce of Lemmons Pomgranats Barberries Cherries or of their Syrups or as much spirit of sulphur or Vitriol as may serve for a great full Acidity or a little Sal Prunellae if need be of potent refrigeration Water is commended wherein are steeped Tamarinds Berberies or Prunes A Decoction of french Prunes is very pleasing to the tast Or Barley is boyled with Tamarinds and towards the End the broath is Aromatized with yellow Sanders and Cinnamon Which drink doth not only Quench thirst but loosens the belly and cools and strengthens the Liver Take Sugar eight ounces Sal Prunellae one ounce Make it into a Pouder to be taken with the Patients ordinary drink Whereunto if thirst be extream the spirit of vitriol may be added Touching spirit of Vitroil and of Sulphur this is diligently to be observed that in putrid Feavers the use thereof is great because they have a mighty cooling opening and putrefaction quelling faculty prohibit the Inflamation of the Humors and quench thirst Howbeit in the Pleurisy Inflamation of the Lungs Spitting of blood Consumption of the Lungs and other Diseases thereof unles they spring from thick flegm stopping the Vessels thereof Inflamation of the stomach Dysentery or bloody flux Pissing of blood Ulcers of the Kidneys and Bladder they do very much hurt and therefore we must abstain form them In Feavers arising from very thin and hot Choller or Joyned with a sharp thin distillation sharp things are not convenient but rather such as gently thicken as Syrup of Violets of dried red Roses with Barly Water or Bread boyld-Water or simple Water boyled or smal beer mixed therewith Where
larger Housleek and Camphire or Vnguentum Populeon or Oyl of Roses Lillies and Poppies or with an Epithem made of Plantane Water Rose Water Vinegar of Roses and Camphire or with a Mixture of Rose Water Oyl of Roses and Vinegar all which are to be applied actually cold in the Summer and a little less than blood-warm at other Seasons of the Yeer Disquietness and tumblings and tossings which are wont to happen in the Feaver Assodes and in the Fits of a Tertian Ague are best cured by purging away the Chollerick Humor which vexes and frets upon the Stomach and other sensible parts and that by Vomit or Stool according as Nature seems more or less to affect the one or other way also it may be drawn downwards by Clysters and presently all Art is to be used to make the Patient rest and cold Drink is given as also cooling Juleps whereunto somtimes Syrup of Poppies or a little Laudanum may profitably be added Swooning Fits are wont to happen in those kind of Feavers which are commonly called Febres Syncopales or Swooning Feavers of which there are two kinds as was said before and the one is called Minuta the other Humorosa The Cure of which Feavers much differing from the Cure of other Putrid Feavers we have reserved unto this place in regard of the said Symptome of Swooning The Minuta Syncopalis which is bred of Chollerick Humors sharp and venemous must be cured after this manner Let the Air be cold and moist and a little astringent that dissipation of the substance of the Body may be thereby prevented Let the Patients Diet be thin cooling and restorative of the Broth of Chickens boyled with Sorrel Purslain c. To which may be added Rose-water Juyce of Pomegranates and a little Sugar Bread steeped in the Juyce of Pomegranates or of Oranges may be given if a more liberal Diet is to be granted as also Cream of Barley or Panada's with Juyce of Lemmons or Pomegranates Also Restorative Broths of pressed Flesh with the foresaid Juyces To the stronger sort are given the Yolks of Eggs with Juyce of sowr Grapes the Stones of Cocks the Flesh of Pullets Hens Partridges qualified with the aforesaid Juyces Let the Patients drink with their Meat if they have no Inflamation of any bowel thin Wine not very old nor yet new and windy or Beer that is indifferent strong not new or very stale When they eat not or otherwise if there be Inflamation let their Drink be Barley Water or Water in which a piece of a Loaf hath been boyled with Syrup of Pomegranates Lemmons Citrons Julep of Roses c. Sleep is good out of the Paroxysm but in the same it hurts And finally special Care must be taken that nothing provoke the Patient to Anger Sadness and the like Passions In the Paroxysm Resolution of the Spirits must be prevented by blowing cool Air with Fans upon the Patients and by sprinkling them with sweet smelling Waters Their Face must be sprinkled with cold Water or Water of Roses and Vinegar minled With which the Stones of Men and the Dugs of Women must be bathed cold If Heat and Spirits will not be revoked from the Heart to the outward Parts of the Body it is to be revelled and forced back by binding of the extream Parts and by nipping and pinching them also pluck the Patients often by the Nose pluck them by their Hair and call upon them often by their Christen Name Give of the Crum of White-bread steeped in the Juyce of Pomegranates of thin fragrant Wine tempered with rose-Rose-Water and when necessity urges some Cinnamon Water mingled with Rose Water In the mean space Restorative Broths are not to be omitted wherewith Confectio Alkermes and such like may be mingled Also Cordial Potions are often to be given out of a Spoon made after this manner Take Water of Roses two ounces Orange flower Water one ounce Cinnamon Water half an ounce Confectio Alkermes one dram Pearls prepared and Coral prepared of each half a scruple Sugar Cakes made with Pearl six drams Mix all and make thereof a Julep or Cordial Potion To these may be added the Electuaries and Conserves and Preserves described in the foregoing Chapter Also the inner side of a Loaf hot out of the Oven sprinkled with Rose water and Vinegar may be applied to the Patients Nostrils and Mouth To the Heart Cooling and strengthening Epithems may be applied To straiten the Pores and prevent the Evaporation of the Patients strength and Spirits wrap them in Linnen sprinkled with Pouder of Roses Balaustians and Sanders or let their shifts be sprinkled with Rose water and a little Vinegar Let their whol Body especially the Back be anointed with this following Liniment Take Oyl made of unripe Olives one ounce and an half Mirtles Quinces and Mucilage of Seeds of Flea-bane of each six drams Gum Arabick dissolved in Rose-Water two drams white Wax as much as shal suffice make all into a Liniment A special regard is to be had of the stomach because the Humor offending is cheifly there collected Now the region there of must be anointed with Oyl of Roses and Quinces and then also may be laid on a Toast of Bread wet in Juyce of Quinces and unripe Pomegranats Or if it be afflicted with great heat soment the stomach blood-warm with a Decoction of Purslain and Roses oâ— with Juyce of Night-shade Purslain Sowr-Grapes adding thereto Oyl of Roses and Quinces The Swooning Fits being removed and the Patient strengthened we must bend our minds to remove the Feaver and its Cause Which may be done by Alteratives and Evacuators proper for turning Feavers which we have described in their proper place viz. Where the Cure of burning Feavers is set down The Cure of the second sort of Swooning Feavers which is called Febris Syncopolis Humorosa which is caused by abundance of Flegmatick and crude Humors is in a manner contrary to the Cure of the Minuta newly described For the Air ought to be temperate inclining to heat light pure and dry Meats of good Juyce easily digested prepard with Hyssop Fennel and such like Herbs Let their drink be thin and not very strong Let their sleep and Watchings be Moderate But Frictions or artificial Rubbings of the Body and by Galen much extolled in this Case In the 12. Method Cap. 3. They must be used from the beginning of the Disease with Course Cloaths beginning above and so Rubbing downwards first on the Thighs and Legs afterwards on the Arms shoulders and Back Let the Cloaths with which the Frictions are performed be first Smoaked with Storax Lignum Aloes Frank-Incense Cloves c. When after friction the Limbs are lustily warm anoint them with Oyl of Dil of Chamomel of Orice of Castus and others of a resolving Faculty Such Frictions as these are highly commended because they call the natural Heat and spirits together with the Humor offending which did Choak the natural strength into the outward
juyce of Scordium juyce of sorrel of Goates Rue of scabious and Carduus of each one pint Shavings of Harts-Horn four Ounces Old Venice Treacle six ounces Let the rinds of the Lemmons be cutt into thin chips let the seeds be beaten and such herbs as have little juyce let them in the beating be moistened with the juice of Lemmons and let al be distilled in balneo Mariae Of the water give one ounce by it self or mixed with other Liquors The hotter sort of Treacle waters are made with white Wine or with spirit of wine which must be warilly given and in lesser quantity yet they pierc more than the other and move sweat and are cheifly used in the true Pestilence Howbeit in some Cases they may by the prudent Physitian be used Among the many Descriptions of such Treacle waters I wil propound in this place two of the most excellent Take roots of Angelica White-Thistle Gentian Tormentil Zedoary Harts-Horn of each one ounce of the three sanders of each half an ounce Treacle three ounces Camphire a scruple beat al and steep them three daies together in two Pints of strong white-wine in a warm place Then distil Them in Balneo Mariae and keep the water for use the dose is from two drams to half an ounce in refrigerating Juleps adding spirit of vitriol to correct the Inflamation thereof Take Spirit of Wine very wel rectified one pint and an half old Treacle eight ounces Elect Mirrh four ounces Oriental Saffron one ounce Camphire half an ounce Infuse al for twenty four hours in Balneo Mariae afterward stil them in the same Bath and you shal have a very effectual water The Chymists do exceedingly cry up their Bezoardica Mineralia because they are Sudorofick or Diaphoretick at least and yet do not at al heat which they endeavor to prove by their having no taste in which regard they are easily taken even by the most nice Patients that loath unpleasant medicaments They also commend their Medicine which is called by them Mixtura Simplex or Mixtura Spiritalis made of Treacle Water Camphorated spirit of Vitriol and of Tartar and they mingle a dram hereof in Juleps and antidotary Potions A Physitian that undertakes the Cure of malignant Feavers ought to have divers Antidotes in a readynes and to change them ever and anon least nature be too much accustomed to one and the same and slight the virtue thereof Also the nature of the venemous quality is not alwayes one and the same but very divers according to the diversity of the patients bodies So that what hath helpt one wil do another no good so that when he hath for some time used one antidote he must try another and another While the foresaid diaphoreticks are using if we have a Mind at any time to help their Operation that they may more powerfully bring out the poison into the surface of the Body some external helpes may be used viz. Cupping-glasses both dry and with scarification many and often set on and Vesicatories of which we spok before which are most convenient in the state of the disease and at what time Sudorofick Medicines are given as also Oyl of Scorpions of Matthiolus which is much commended by al Practitioners for it calls forth the poyson residing in the profound parts of the body unto the external parts And therefore the Emunctories of the body as the Groines and Arm-pits with the Pulses of the Templs Hands and Feet ought frequently to be anointed with this oyl warm viz. thrice or four times in a day or else every third hour Where this Oyl is not to be had a Liniment may be made of Treacle dissolved in Juyce of Lemmons adding a little saffron and Camphire If at any time Nature being oppressed with the malignity of the Poyson and overcome and seem not to act but as it were to submit her self with hands bound to the mercy of the humor The strongest diaphoreticks are then to be given in a large dose that the daunted mettle of the heart may be as it were spurred up And then the strongest sorts of Treacle waters and Bezoardicks which have greatest force to penetrate must be used and the addition of Camphire wil much help their penetration and outwardly at such a time this following fomentation wil wonderfully assist the operation of such things as are taken in and wil help to drive out the malignant vapors For by this Method many have bin reduced from the Gates of Death Take roots of Angelica and Gentian of each two ounces Leaves of Bawm Origanum Scordium of each two handfuls Seeds of Carduus benedictus one ounce Flowers of Chamomel Mullien Melilot St. Johns wort Centaurie the less Staechados Rosemary Marygold of each two pugills Make a decoction of all in water adding towards the end a little white-wine wherewith foment the feet Groins Armepits and sides warm with sponges If drynes of the tongue thirst and other signes do shew that the Feaver doth prevail as much as the malignant quality we must abstain from the fomentation and instead thereof let a Hen cut down through the Back or the Lungs or Caul of a Wether new killed be applied to the patients Belly In the whole Course of the Care the greatest Cure of al must be to preserve the patients strength which is much dejected by the Venemous quality It is best kept up first by Convenient broths made with a Capon unto which when necessity urges may be added the distilled broaths of flesh and especially the Aqua Caponis which is made in Balneo Mariae per Descensum as the common manner is now to make it Consection of Hyacinths given in broaths doth repaire the strength and doth oppugn the malignant quality In the same broaths Gelly of harts-horn doth satisfie both Endications If the strength of the Patient be very much decaied we may make bold with Confectio Alkermes provided the Heat of the Feaver be not very violent And finally wine is the most cordial thing in the world of the use whereof in this disease I spake before treating of the Patients Diet. The only smel of wine doth much refresh the Patients strength and much more a toast dipped in Canary and Rosewater and so held to the Nose And in this Case also Confectio Alkermes and de Hyacintho are wont to be put into alexipharmical Potions Or in extream dejection of strength Potions merely cordial may be thus made Take Orenge-flower water and Rosewater of each one ounce and an half Confectio Alkermes one dram Syrup of Apples one ounce Juyce of Lemmons three drams Make all into a potion If the Feaver be not intense Cinnamon water may be given to the quantity of one dram or three drams and sometimes Amber Griese may be added to the quantity of five Granes or Seven Neither in extream Weaknes of the Patients must we so much fear those hot cordials that we should resuse to save the patient from present death
Bag a Bag of Wool shaped like an Extinguisher through which Hippocras and divers Medicines are strained Hereditary from Father or Mother to Son or Daughter Hydromel Honey and Water Mead Metheglin Hemorrhoids Veins of the Fundament to which Leeches are applied Head-Herbs Rosemary Betony Sage Lavender sweet Marjoram Hysop Balm Cowslips Roses Violets Lettice Borrage Bugloss c. Habit of Body is the whol bulk and substance thereof Humidity Moisture Holy Fire a red Inflamation St. Anthonies fire the Rose Hemorrhagies breaking forth of Blood from any part of the Body Hysterical Fits Fits of the Mother Womb-sickness Hermetical Physitians and Hermets Chymists such as trade with Furnances Pots and Glasses to draw Spirits Oyls Waters to make Salts Quintessences c. called so from Hermes Trismegistus an old Egyptian Phylosopher who is thought to have been a Chymist Horrors Shiverings I INfuse that is steep Inflamation great Heat Indication is an hinting to the Physitian what he is to do So extream heat is said to give indication of cooling extream fulness of blood gives indication of blood-letting want of a womans Courses gives indication of blood-letting c. Jugular Veins that is the Throat Veins See Veslingus Anatomy in English Insensible Passages which cannot be seen nor felt by reason of their smalness Influence flowing in Inherent sticking fast within seated and abiding within Inordinate disorderly unnatural and unfitting Internal and External Sences The Internal are Common Sence Imagination Understanding Memory The External are Seeing Hearing Smelling Tasting Feeling Intercepted stopped in the middle way Internally and Externally inwardly and outwardly Juleps pleasant Drinks made of distilled Waters or the broth of Barley and other convement things and sweetened with Syrups or Sugar given chiefly in Feavers to cool and quench Thirst Infusion a strained Liquor wherein Medicaments have been steeped either hot or cold Incrassate thicken Incrassating thickening Insensible not to be perceived by the outward Sences of Seeing Hearing Smelling c. Illumination enlightening Influx flowing into Inversion turning the inside out Intermission ceasing leaving off Inveterate old of long continuance rooted Inclination that is by holding the vessel on the one side and so powring the cleer from the setlings this is called to clarifie by Inclination in opposition to clarifying with the white of an Eg by boyling or any other way The Iris a party-color'd round Circle in the sight of the Eye like a Rainbow from whence it hath its name Incarnate to breed flesh Irritation provocation stirring up Involuntary Tears which are not shed by force of sorrow working upon the mind but by force of a bodily Disease The day of Indication is that day in a Feaver on which may be collected what wil betide upon the following Critical day So the sourth day doth hint what is like to happen on the seventh and the eleventh hints what is like to happen upon the fourteenth and the seventeenth what will happen upon the twenty one and the twenty four what will betide upon the twenty eight Therefore the fourth eleventh seventeenth twenty four are called daies of Indication or telling and declaring Judged see Day of Judgment Infirm weak Insipid Tastless Incising Medicaments are such as cut and divide tough flegm and other clammy humors whereby they become fit for expulsion such is Oxymel c. Intestines the Guts Intension and Remission Increase and decrease growing stronger or weaker Injection is a Medicinal Liquor cast with a fitting Instrument into the Womb Bladder or Fundament when there is forenessof hemorroids c. Inserted fastened or planted into Inspissate Juyce is Juyce of some Herb boyled till it be thick as Honey Illustrated made cleer and manifest Invasions of the Gout fits of the Gout or of Agues may be called Invasions of the said Diseases Intense vehement strong Indicate declare point out Impacted wedged in thrust far in Irrigations moistenings sprinklings waterings Intervention coming between happening together with Intermediate coming between Intermitting Pulse is that which holds up a while and then beats again and then stops and then beats again which is a sign of great weakness Incoctibility an unaptness to be concocted or digested or an impossibility thereof L LEnitive a gentle refreshing cordial Medicine Ligatures or strings wherewith the Joynts of Bones and the Gristles are compact and bound together Lozenges the same with Tablets being the form of a Medicine made up Luxation is when one Joyne is loosned from another Liniment Oyntment Ligatures bindings of several parts to draw the blood and Humors from the part diseased to the parts bound by reason of the pain of binding which must be very hard and straight Loosness of Continuitie separating and dividing of things closed and united So a wound is termed a loosening of Continuitie because it separates these parts of the skin and flesh which were formerly united together Laxe loose slack as an unbended Bowstring Livid black and blew A Lambative or Lohoch is a medicine to be lickt from a Liquoris stick and to be swallowed softly down being chiefly ordained for the Lungs Iron-water Water wherein Iron hath been quenched Smiths forge-water Laxative which makes the belly loose Livid black and blew Lead-coloured M MEninges or films of the Brain coats that cover the brain Masticatories that is Medicines to be chewed to bring away Rheum Mesâ—eraick Veins little Veins that are thought to carry chyle from the stomach to the Liver See Vestingus Anat. in English Malignity venemous or poysonful quality of certain humors and Diseases which make them very dangerous and for the most part deadly Matter or Quittor a snotty kind of filth which comes out of Imposthumes when they break and out of Ulcers when they are in a good way of cure Magistral Syrup is such an one as is invented by a Physitian for his Patient in opposition to those Syrups commonly kept in shops Matrix Womb. Membrana skin or coat of the Arteries Veins c. Membranes skins or coats Mortification a deading of any part of the body Malign venemous poysonful See Malignity Mother the Womb in Women is so called Mitigation abatement lessening growing mild The Medium is that through which we see as principally the Air which we look thorough upon objects also the Water and Glass Horn or what ever is cleer and may be seen thorough may be termed a medium of fight Mammilarie passages or productions certain little knobby bunchings out of the Nerves which serve for smelling resen bling Teates called therefore Teat-like productions See the English Anatomy Malax soften To Malax a lump of Pilstuff is to soften it that it may work up into Pills the better Mercurial Purges Purges made of Quicksilver Chymically prepared such as Mercurius dulcis some kind of Precipitate Mercurius vitae c. Macerate steep Mesenterie the skin whch knits the Guts together and runs all along among them embossed with Fat See Vestingus his Anatomy in English Membranous of the Nature of Skin
Suffocation a choaking Subject a logical term it signifies any thing that hath somwhat adjoined and annexed to it So the Bodie is the subject of Sicknes Health of Beautie and deformity The Head is the subject of paines and other parts are the subject of other accidents The Soul is the subject of vertues and Vices of Happiness and Misery c. Suffusion a shedding abroad of Humors as when an Humor is shed abroad in the Eye and hinders the sight it is called a suffusion A Seton is an Hole made in the skin and a skein of Silke or yarn or such like drawn thorough and kept in in which being removed dayly causes the matter and humor to come away Sulphurus and Bituminous bathes that is hot bathes like those of Bath in Summerset-shire whose Heat and virtue springs from a tincture of Brimstone and Bitumen which they bring out of the Earth Suppuration is when a swelling comes to gather Head breed matter and is ready to break Specifick quality a peculiar hidden propertie not springing from the first qualities Similar Diseases are such as befall the substance of the Body not considered as formed into any organ or limb or part and they are al kind of Distempers Organick diseases are such as are proper to the organs and Instruments of the Body as such viz. what ever mar their Fabrick Common diseases are such as are liable both to the Similary and Organick parts viz. Solutions of Unitie T Tablets are the same with Lozenges they are Medicines made up in flat four squar'd Cakes with acuted angles Torpor numbness Transpiration the passage of the vapours through the pores of the skin of the whol body invisibly onely causing a smell according to the humors in some more in some less in some offensive in others not so Tumor swelling Tincture the virtue or strength of any thing drawn forth by steeping the same in spirit of wine vinegar or any percing liquor ' the said Liquor containing the virtue and oftentimes the Colour of that which was steeped in it is called the tincture thereof Tile tree a Linden tree there grow two on Newington green they bear sweet blossomes Trepan an Instrument made to bore an hole in the skull Turgent swelling working moving too and fro spoken of the Humors of the Body when they are in a Combustion and full of motion Tacamahaca A sweet Gumm See the London Dispensatory in English Translation carrying of an humor from one part to another Tunicles little coats or skins of which the eye is partly made up See the English Anatomy Terminated ended Topical Medicines such as are outwardly applied to the part affected or the part which sends the Humor c. Transparentnes such a clearness as is in Glass Horn the Ayr Fair water or any other thing which we can see through Troches or Trochiscs medicines made up in the form of little flat Bouls whence they have their name Tunica retiformis the net-like Coat or tunicle Thorax the Chest Trebble Quantity thrice so much Tartarous matter congealed hard matter like the hardned Lees of wine which are called Tartar Transpire breath through V VErtigo a swimming in the Head Vesitatoryes a Medicine applied to the skin to cause a Blyster Vertebrae the turning bones of the whol back Ventricles of the Brain certain hollownesses of the Brain Venenosity poysonfulness Vapors Steams ascending into the Head like the Steams we see mounting from a mess of hot Broth or Meat c. Vital function faculty of the Heart causing Life Pulse-beating and Breathing Visive Nerve the seeing Nerve The Sinnew wherewith the Objects of sight are carried into the Brain to the Imagination or Common-sence See Veslingus Anatomy Vaporous Matter steeming reaking matter See Vapors Vlcerated having an Ulcer or running sore Visor or Visive Spirits the Spirit wherewith we see Vniversal evacuation is a general purging of the whol body all at once Vitrous Humor a moisture like to molten-Glass which goes into the making up of the Eye See Veslingus Anatomy in English and cut up an Eye of a Calf Sheep c. Vvea tunica a coat of the Eye resembling the skin of a Grape from whence it is named See Veslingus Anatomy in English Voluntary faculty that power of our Body which works according as we please as the power of going running speaking c. whereas the powers of beating in the Pulse of digesting in the Stomach and Eiver of making blood flash fat c. do not work according to our wills The former we can exercise or suspend and moderate them as we please but the latter not which are therefore termed involuntary Vvula or Columella the Pallate of the mouth A Vehicle that which serves to carry Vermicular Worm-like The Pulse is so called when it is weak and lifts it self unequally sometimes more sometimes less like the creeping of a Catterpillar Vreters certain long pipes or passages which bring the Urine from the Kidney to the Bladder See Veslingus Anatomy in English Viscous cleaving and roaping like Birdlime Vicissitude the following of one thing upon the neck of another Venery Letchery the immoderate exercise or doating upon such Acts as tend to Generation W WIld-Poppies Red-Poppies which grow among Corn called likewise Corn-Rose Watry Humor a certain liquor like water which goes into the Composition of the Eye See Veslingus Anatomy in English Water-Gate the Privities in Women Z ZAcutus Lusitanus a famous Physitian A Jew that pacticed at Amsterdam in Holland He has wrote divers excellent Treatises of Physick sutable to the Principles of Hippocrates and Galen FINIS The Vertues Use and variety of Operations of the True and Phylosophical AURUM POTABILE Attained by the Studies of Doctor Freeman and Dr. Culpeper and left with his Widdow and administred by a Physitian in her House neer London on the East side of Spittle-fields next door to the red Lyon The Vertues are as follow IT Cures all Agues whether Quotidian Tertian or Quartan as also it cured divers people of that most horrid putrid Feaver which so violently seized on mens Bodies both before and after Michaelmas 1653. to the great admiration of many and when the parties Diseased have ben both senceless and speechless for that neither that nor any other Medicine or Panacaea though never so gentle could safely be administred into the Body it hath beyond all hopes by external application on the stomack revived them It cures the Gout of all sorts perfectly being administred as the Physitian shal advise It causeth Women subject to Abortion or Miscarriage to goe their time and yet being given when the time comes it causeth a speedy and easie delivery It is an infallible cure for the French Pox and doth it with such ease speed and Secretness that none of the nearest relation shal take notice thereof It cures the Green-sickness and all sorts of Jaundice It provokes the Terms It is good for Aches and all afflictions coming of cold It helps the Rickets But to what purpose do I nominate diseases in particular when it is an universall Remedy for all diseases being administred as the Physitian shal advise For its chief aim is exhilarating the vital spirits and heart It both binds and stops Fluxes yet Purges it both Vomits and stays Vomiting it causes Sweat yet cures preternatural Sweatings and performs all its operations as Nature it self would have it because it only fortifies her in her Centre To conclude It is an Universal Fortification for all Complexions and ages against all sorts and degrees of Pestilential and contagious Infection both preventing before their possession and extirpating of them after it REader By reason of the mistakes in the printing of this Book in Latin there are two words mis-translated And by reason of the foulness of the English Copy there are some other mistakes in printing All which are thus to be amended PAge 24 line 46. for violent springing read violent Convulsion springing p. 32. for Ephor read Escar p. 51. l. 39 for â—â— r. do p. 53. l. 7. for procede r. preceed p. 59 l 14 r. four ounces p. 116 l. 39 for pure r. impure p. 148 l. 28. for nevertheless get r. nevertheless the Lungs get p. 160 l. 12 for can endure r. cannot endure l. 23 for sets more r. feels more p. 167 â— 33 for blood r. blood-letting p. 184 l. 40 for Acorns r. Alkermes l. 45 for Acorns r. Alkermes p. 256 l. 47 for Gloves Cloves p. 259 l. 16 for primary r. external p. 290 l. 34 for be thirst r. be no thirst p 329 l. 7 for can pass r. cannot pâ—â— l. 10 for Wine r. Wind p. 332 l. 4 for Turnep Water r. Orange-flower Water p. 341 l. 44 for after dinner r. before dâ—ner p. 367 l. 9 for scattering r. scalding p. 373 l. 40 for bred r. cured p. 378 l. â—7 for warm r. worn p. 386 l. 51 for spring Water four ounces r. spring Water four pound p. 428 l. 32 for Turnep Water r. Orange-flower Water p. 432 l. 29 for suppression r. suppuration p 499 l 18 for decrease r. encrease p. 501 l. â—â— for contained r. continued p. 542 l. 52 and 3â— these words the Moon at the end of the 53 line must be taken from that line and read at the end of the 52 line p. 567 for great r. grate p. 580 l. 42 for but r. both p 590 l. 40 for be r. being p. 612 l. 10 for puortfied r. putrefied p. 615 l. 1â— for in r. no p. 622 l. 11 for terror r. Feaver for whereas r. whenas p. 624 l 15 for Urine r. things p. 630 l. 50 for Italy India p. 633 l. 11 for care r. cure and for cure r. care and l. 46 for repelling no r no repelling and l. 57. for after afoâ—â—said r aforesaid after p. 639 l. 26. for Hair r. Heart
the Roots of Danewort and Elder of each one ounce Elicampane Roots half an ounce dry Wormwood and Dodder of Time of each one pugil clean Senna one ounce Soldanella or Sea-foal-foot two drams the Troches of Rhubarb and Agrimony of each one dram Mace and Cinnamon of each half a dram Scammony four scruples white Wine two pints and an half Infuse them three daies in Balneo Mariae the vessel being well stopped keep it without straining Let him take two or three ounces in the morning twice or thrice in a week Among Medicines for drawing forth of Water the Juyce of French Flowerdeluce is very much commended if it be drawn forth with white Wine it may be given to three ounces it provoketh stool and urine very powerfully But because it is very offensive to the mouth and stomach with its sharpness it useth to be mixed with Manna or Honey Massaria gives it thus Take of Juyce of Flowerdeluce newly drawn with white Wine three ounces the best Manna one ounce and an half Mix them for a Potion Platerus in his Observations I gave saith he to one in a Dropsie of the Juyce of Flowerdeluce to drink with Honey two ounces and he often pissed and purged and after he had taken it twice or thrice his Belly ceased swelling and his Feet and he was cured Rhubarb is commended of some because it purgeth noxious Humors and strengtheneth the Liver And Stocherus saith that he cured many with the use of Rhubarb given every third or fourth day one or two drams in an opening Decoction Also in Scoltzius his Epistles there is a famous Story of one who was cured of a Dropsie only by the use of Rhubarb which he took every day in such a quantity as was necessary to purge The Troches of Rhubarb are much commended by all Authors And Mathaeus de Gradi reports that a certain Duke of Orleans was cured with them alone taking two drams twice in a week Michael Paschalius saith that he cured a Dropsie with the same making them into Pills by reason of their bitterness The Chymists commend the Extract of black Hellebore Aquila Coeleftis and Mercurius vitae and they mix them with other vulgar Medicines from whence followeth a plentiful Evacuation of Water But they had need of strong Bodies who take them Mercurius dulcis works most gently and Mercurius Diaphoreticus But Antimonium Diaphoreticum cures without manifest Evacuation if it be calcined with Salt-Peter till it be white but the Diaphoretick or Sweating Medicine made of the Butter of Antimony cures all kinds of Dropsies best But you must observe in the giving of all sorts of Purges That they especially if strong are not to be given often as Galen teacheth Lib. 9 Cata Topous because they weaken the body and then there will more water be bred afterwards Therefore you must prescribe strengtheners and openers oftener than purgers And Experience teacheth us That the Evacuation by Urine in this Disease hath better success than that by stool Instead of Purgers you may give Clysters which discuss wind purge water and take down the belly made thus Take of Mallows Mercury and red Coleworts of each one handful Soldanella or wild Mercury half a handful Annis Caraway and Dill seeds of each three drams Chamomel Melilot French Lavender and Broom flowers of each one pugil boyl them to a pint In the straining dissolve of Diacatholicon one ounce Hiera Picra half an ounce Oyl of Dill and Lillies and of common Honey of each two ounces Make a Clyster twice in a week Or Take of very sowr Leaven half an ounce common Salt one pugil Boyl them in as much Water as is sufficient strain it and add to it the Vrine of a Child four ounces Oyl of Rue three ounces Clarified Honey one ounce Make a Clyster This Valeriola commends highly This following Clyster brings forth Water in abundance Take of Coloquintida one dram Infuse it for a night in three ounces of white Wine when it is strained add thereto Tripe Broth one pint common Oyl two ounces Salt-Peter melted one ounce strong Vinegar one spoonful make a Clyster Or Take of the Pulp of Coloquintida one dram Clean Bran one handful boyl them in white Wine for a Clyster Or Take of Carthamus seeds one ounce the best Agarick half an ounce the pulp of Coloquintida three drams Centaury the less Germander and both the Wormwoods of each half a handful boyl them to a pint In the straining dissolve of Oyl of Chamomel Rue and Capars of each one ounce Honey of Roses two ounces make a Clyster Or Take of the Emollient Decoction one pint thick vomiting Wine the Infusion of Crocus metallorum four ounces Diaphoenicon one ounce make a Clyster Blood-letting here is for good Reason omitted except the Disease come from stoppage of the Terms or Hemorrhoids And then you must not bleed except it be in the beginning of the Disease before the Liver be grown too cold Issues Blisters and Scarrifications use to cause Gangrenes or mortifications in a Dropsie because the heat of the part being smal is quickly extinguished Therefore it is better wholly to abstain from these kind of Remedies although somtimes they have done some people good Paracentesis or cutting of the Skin is seldom to be used because few are cured thereby especially because the Patients or their kindered will not yield to it before the Disease is confirmed and the Bowels are so putrefied that there is no hope Therefore for the most part they die the second or third day after they are cut The wiser sort will have the Incision made in the beginning or encrease of the Disease before the Bowels are corrupted Neither is it necessary at that time because the disease being smal may more safely be cured with other Medicines Among emptying Medicines Sweatings are accounted most profitable which as they are alwaies good in Anasarca so in a Tympany or Ascites they somtimes hurt namely when driness of the Liver which is usual causeth the Disease Moreover it is commonly impossible to make men in Dropsies sweat But if the Liver be not dry Sweats are good in all kinds of Dropsies especially when they decline to discuss the reliques of the watery Humor by the Habit of the Body So Valeriola reports that he cured an Ascites with a Decoction of Guajacum given fourty daies together It is good to make the Decoction with steeled Water and Wine The Chymicks commend Antimonium Diaphoreticum Martinus Rulandus makes a Sudorifick of Juniper Berries which because they are forceable to provoke Urine may do good both waies It is thus made Take of Juniper berries bruised three handfuls Sack as much as is sufficient boyl them to halfs and give two ounces every morning covering warm after it Horatius Reserus in Scholtzius boasteth that he hath cured many Boyes and some Women of the Anasarca with Syrup of St. Ambrose which is a Sudorifick Its description is in an old Dispensatory called Luminare
majus thus Take of Gromwel seeds husked two ounces spring Water half a pint boyl them till three or four ounces of water only remain which being strained mix it with as much Sack and give it warm it will sweat him plentifully if he be covered warm But those Medicines are best which purge by Urine and the Cure is commonly better this way One of the chief is two ounces of the Juyce of Chervil given every morning in Wine for many daies Opening Wines that purge by Urine are good in this case as this Take of Elicampane Smallage Fennel and Flowerdeluce Roots dried of each one ounce and an half Roots of Valerian Gentian Asarabacca and Squils or Sea Onions of each one dram the middle Bark of an Elder and Sassaphras of each six drams dried Wormwood Agrimony Germander and Maiden-hair of each two drams the tops of Centaury the less and Broom flowers of each one dram Parsley Annis and Dill seeds of each one dram and an half Cinnamon two drams Spicknard half a dram bruise them together and infuse them in white Wine some few daies and let him drink thereof every morning The steeled compound Wine prescribed in the Obstruction of the Liver is good for the same The Decoction of Juniper mentioned is to be reckoned among the Diureticks And if you fear it is too hot you may make it in Water and put a little Spirit of Vitriol to it Fonseca commends the use of Turpentine washed with Barley Water and he gives half an ounce thereof twice in a week And lastly The Spirit of Salt Tartar and Vitriol given in a true quantity with an Apozeme or other opening Decoction for some daies do wonders because they being very thin do run into all the parts of the Body and open them The Salts of Wormwood Juniper Bean Stalks and the like given in white Wine do the same Or in want of Salts you may make a Lee of the Ashes of the same which will be sufficient Mathiolus upon the 87. Chap. Lib. 1. of Dioscorides saith That a Lee made of Juniper Ashes with white Wine and four or five ounces thereof taken doth powerfully provoke Vrine so that I have seen some men cured of a Dropsie with it alone Moreover In the whol time of the Cure you must use strengtheners to the Liver for it is in vain to purge water if you do not hinder the encrease of it which you cannot do except you refresh the Liver and bring it to its former temper Among the chief Strengtheners is Cinnamon Water of which you may give one Spoonful every morning and before Supper But Galen in his Eight Book Kata Topous commends the Electuary called Cyphoides by the Arabians from the Wine whereof it is made of which you may give half an ounce in the morning according to Hollerius it is thus made Take of Curans clensed half a pound boyl them in old Sack to the consistence of a Pultis strain them after they are pounded and then ad of the conserve of Rosemary flowers Citron barkcandied and Cinnamon of each one dram the Pouder of Aromaticum Rosatum Diamargariton calidum and Diacinamom of each two scruples Lignum Aloes half a dram Saffron half a scruple mix them for a soft Electuary The Opiates prescribed for the Obstruction of the Liver are here very profitable The Conserve of Sea Wormwood is very good made of one part of the Leaves and three of Sugar with which Matthiolus in his Chapter of Wormwood saith some have been Cured Poterius makes an Opiate of Conserve of Roses Specificum Somachium and Crocus Martis and Oyl of Vitriol by which only Medicine he saith he hath Cured Dropsies The Specificum Stomachium is Antimony fixed The Cure of men in Dropsies lieth much in their drink therefore there must be care of that that he drink sparingly and endure thirst as much as may be for it is known that many have been Cured only with abstaining from drink and eating of dry meats without other means For Drink let him take Elicampane or Wormwood Juniper or Steeled Wine or let him use the aforesaid Steel Medicines Avicen forbids men in a Dropsie to see Waters But if you fear too much Heat or Driness or if the Patient be Abstemious he may use the Decoction of Juniper of Guajacum or Sassaphras or of Madder which provokes urin very much either alone or with white Wine But because he must abstain from Drink as we said and yet there is great Thirst it must be asswaged by Fits with washing the mouth with steeled Water and Vinegar or with often chewing Mastich or the like for it wil draw water to the mouth not only as some think out of the head alone but from the Stomach and Cavity of the Abdomen and therefore it will do much good Of Meats we say thus That he must chuse the Dryest and avoid Sweet meats as the Plague While you use Internals forget not Externals for they are of great force to discuss the Humor of the Belly as Fomentations â—ags Oyntments Pultisses and Plaisters The Chief are made thus Take of Marsh-mallow and Lilly Roots Cypress barks Capar barks middle barks of Ash Tamarisk dwarf-Elder the greater Snakeweed of each three ounces Wormwood Agrimony Marjoram Organ Calamints Peny-Royal Râ—e Ground-pine Southernwood and Elder of each one handful Parsley Dill and Cummin seeds of each one ounce Chamomel Melilot and Broom flowers of each three pugils Spickenard Schoenanth Nutmegs Cloves and Cinnamon of each half an ounce Salt and Allum of each half a pound boyl them all in a Lee made of Oak Ashes or branches with this Foment the whol Belly with Spunges dipt therein and strained Or Take the Vrine of a sound Boy four Pints Lapis Prunellae three ounces boyl them to the consuming of the third part for a Fomentation Aqua-pendens Commends Lime Water in which he dips a new Spunge which wil compass the whol Abdomen this he strains and binds on by which he affirmeth That the Waters that Cause the Dropsie are consumed the cold and moist distemper of the Bowels are taken away and the hardness of the Spleen dissolved Claudinus quencheth the Lime in a Salt Bath Water that is either of Brimstone or Salt-peter and bindeth close the Spunges dipped therein and strained with Rowlers to the Belly and keeps them there long and then changeth them You may make Bags of the ingredients of the former Fomentation boyled in white Wine and applied warm to the belly After the Fomentation let the belly be anointed with Oyl of Dill Rue or Flower-de-luce mixed with Pouder of ammoniacum Galangal Dill Bay-berries and the like It is also good to anoint with the Oyl of Scorpions according to Matthiolus and with a little Oyl of Rosemary Many do make Oyntments and Liniments of strong Purgers which draw VVater violently from the Dropsie and asswage the Swelling of the belly but they are dangerous for the Purging Quality getting between the Muscles
joyned with Earth like themselves by the force of the efficient cause they may be stones So we see in Wines turned to Tartar but Tartar calcined goes all into Salt which shews that it is chiefly made of Salt So in Urines that have much Salt especially in those which have slimy matter we see a tartarous Matter cleaving to the glass This Salt Matter which is mixed with the Urine comes from Meat and Drink so affected and they are cast forth in a sound Body nor are they retained in the Reins when the efficient Cause is absent We have called the efficient Cause Spiritum Lapidisicum or a Spirit that makes a stone Fernelius calls it a stony disposition which is in the Reins commonly Haereditarily But we like the foremost Title best For first some have stones which have them not Haereditarily if they eat or drink things that breed them because in them there is both the Material and Efficient Cause therefore the Hermets impute the Efficient Cause of stones to their proper seeds which in a Matter rightly disposed produce their form Moreover Many Histories shew that Stones come from a Stone making Spirit of Men Beasts and other things turned into Stones by a Breath or Spirit out of the Earth So in Aventinus lib. 7. Annal. Bavar an 1343. that more than fifty Country men and their Cows were turned into Stones And so saies Ortellius in his Description of Russia of whol Heards of Cattel So also Camerarius reports of a South wind that bloweth some times of the yeer in the Province of Chilo in Armenia by the blasts whereof whol Troops of Horses are suddenly turned into Statues of Stone and stand in the same rank and file in which they were This Stone making Spirit is not only in the Reins of those which have this Disease but also in the Juyce of those things that are eaten and drunk separated from them so that somtimes both come together Hence it is that some that eat but any Meats that incline to the breeding of the stone do presently produce it because there is a Stone-breeding disposition or Stone-making Spirit in their Reins But if their Reins be free from this Spirit such meat will not breed stones because their stone-making force is not strong enough without the assistance of the Reins to convert that matter into stone On the Contrary if the stone-making power be greater in the meats that are taken and they are often eaten stones will be bred although the Kidneys have no such disposition or stone-making Spirit So we see in divers places where the Water or Wine are full of stone-making juyce the greatest part of the Inhabitants are subject to the stone as we may see in Ovid concerning the Thracians in these Verses The Thracian Waters all things Marble make Their Guts turn Stone that inwardly them take And contrary If there be that stone-making vertue in the Kidneys it makes stones of any nourishment though never so wholsom So about three yeers since I saw one who for three or four months voided more than twelve little stones every day by Urine when all that while he kept his bed very sick and fed only upon Broth and Panadoes The Antecedent and Primary Causes either respect the supply of Matter for the stone or the constitution of the Reins by reason whereof the stones do more easily grow The Stomach Liver Spleen and Reins do much cause the breeding and heaping up of Matter for the stone chiefly the Stomach if it do not wel concoct there is a crude Chyle brought to the Liver and from thence impure and Earthy Juyces are sent with the Serum or Water into the Reins A hot liver doth bake the Chylous Matter and makes it fit to breed a stone as also being too cold it makes crude blood most fit for the same purpose A Spleen weak or stopped or otherwise disturbed doth not sufficiently purge the drossie part of the blood but sends part of it to the Reins which will more easily be turned into a stone And lastly the Reins besides their conjunct cause which is a stony disposition are an Antecedent Cause in two respects namely in respect of their Temper and of their Form In regard of their hot Temper they more violently draw the Stone-making Matter and thicken it more but in respect of their Form they are an Antecedent Cause if the Emulgent Veins are more loose so that that thick and Tartarous Matter may be more easily received into the Reins or if the Ureters and those Vessels that send the serous Matter to them be too narrow so that the thick Matter hath not a free passage but is retained in the Reins Thick and slimy Nourishment doth chiefly afford Matter for the Stone such as are full of Salt as Beef Pork Hairs Geese or things dried in the Smoak or poudered as Salt-fish Shel-fish Eeles Pulse Chees and all Milk meats hard Eggs Chesnuts Pears Quinces Medlars unleavened Bread and Rice thick Wine sharp or black or new Wine not purged standing Waters and such as are full of stone-breeding Juyce To these add very hot Meats as Pepper Ginger Garlick Onions old strong Wine which makes the Liver and Reins too hot too strong Diureticks which carry the Matter that will cause the Disease too violently to the Reins thick Garments Down Beds Baths inordinate Lechery which is a great Enemy to the Reins violent Exercue especially after meat too much feeding or long fasting great anger and other passions The Signs of the Stone taken by themselves are equivocal and common to other Diseases but if you consider them all together you may have certain Knowledg by them The First Sign is a fixed pain about the Loyns somtimes heavy when the Stone is fastened to the substance which being of a dull sence hath a weighty pain but as often as the Stone gets into the Head of the Ureters then it causeth a sharp and pricking pain and this is called the Nephritical pain or pain of the Reins and it continueth while the stone is there neither will it cease to torment the Patient till the stone get into the Cavity of the Bladder or turn back into the hollow of the Kidneyes The Second Sign is bloody Urine which comes from the opening or corrosion of the Veins which are dispersed into the substance of the Reins which comes from the rubbing of the Stone that sticks in the substance but if there be but little blood voided being mixed with Urine it looseth its color so that the Urine looks like a Lye This Sign is not alwaies but somtimes depends upon other causes But when it doth appear it is one of the chief which distinguisheth the Stone from the Chollick It useth to be caused by riding much walking and other violent exercise for then the stone if it be rough and snaggy being removed from its place doth cut and tear the tender Flesh of the Kidneyes The Third Sign is thin Urine