some factitious Alomes as Catinum which is made of the ashes of Kali and vulgar Soda as squamous Alome which is made of a specular stone pellucid like glasse as Lees-Alome which is made of Wine-Lees burned and albified I think it superfluous to describe the manner of confecting these Alomes since they are now of no use All Alome is of crasse parts Vires bindes much whence it is called Stypterion because it is styptical or astrictive it califies moderately cleanses emends putrid Ulcers dries humid ones absumes excrescent flesh takes away itching cures the scab and accedes usefully to many Medicaments made for Ulcers CHAP. 7. Of Salt AS nothing is more common nothing more frequent so nothing more known then Salt without which Beasts can but we cannot subsist Whereof there are many sorts as Sea-salt Fossile-salt Lake-salt and River-salt Sea-salt is most common and best which is solely used in France Fossile-salt which shop-men call Gemme-salt is broken and effoded out of Mynes like stones it is splendent like Chrystal This cast into the fire doth not crack like the rest but ignifies like Iron There is also Indian-salt which Mesue uses in the confection of Pills of Azure-stone but this being wanting we substitute gemmeous Salt They mistake that think that Mesue means by Indian-salt that Sugar which he calls Tabarzet we White for the Indians have their Salt which they effode from the Mount Oromenus in great lumps in whose stead our gemmeous Salt will serve well as in acuating the slower faculty of Agarick and Polypody Ammoniack or Armeniack-salt being very ingrateful both in sapour and colour and gifted with no eximious faculties is judged incommodious it concretes into broad plates under the Cyranium sands with black veins extrinsecally in colour it comes near Alome we call Schiston as also the Salt we call Alkali and Catinum Dioscorides commends Lake-salt and Phrygian-salt but we preferre our own The flower of Salt which flows upon Nilus is neither seen of nor desired by us it is as it were the Spawn of a certain River as also the broth of Salt and the flower of the spamous Sea in Dioscorides There is another kinde of Salt they call Nitre denoted with a double difference the first is the light Nitre of Dioscorides and the Ancients its colour is roseous or white it gapes with some holes like a spunge it ceases now to be brought to us the other is more vulgar called Salnitre or Saltpeter which ingredes the confection of that powder which is made of many nitrous waters in France for warlike Instruments While it is laboured with much coction it eructates Aphronitrum or spume of Nitre different from that which the Ancients mention which is thought to be native not artificial as also a certain friable lanuginous matter white and saltish which adheres to many walls which is thought to be the flower of Nitre I shall not now speak of the confection of Nitre because it appertains not to Apothecaries The faculties of Salt are great many and very useful to man but not so necessary in Pharmacy as many think who praedicate many wonderful and vain things of Salt educed by Chymical Art for they mordaciously assert that there is a purgative faculty in Medicaments because of Salt and when they have got some extract from any Medicament they averre they have got its Salt However Salt is very conservative it astringes absterges purges discusses represses extenuates and vindicates from putretude yet some Salt is better then other Seeing Brine is its liquor it exhibits the same effects Vires it is mixed with Glysters to excite the expulsive faculty which is flow in such as are infested with the Lethargy and Apoplexy CHAP. 8. Of Bitumen BItumen which the Greeks call Asphaltos is as it were the fatness of the earth swimming above the water which cast upon the shore condensates concretes and becomes hard tenacious and inflammable As long as Bitumen swims on the water it is soft but when it is off it becomes spisse and harder then and resembles dry Pitch yet easily liquescible at the fire Many Lakes are bituminous but especially one in Judaea Sodomeus Lacus thence called Asphalites and The dead Sea because of its vastity and because its water remains almost immovable not stormy but heavy falt crass and foetid wherein neither Plants nor Animals breed neither doth it nourish such as are injected or admit them into its bowels Some enumerate a kinde of Fossile terrene matter Carbo petrae which some call but falsly The Earth Ampelitis others better Stone-coal which seems to be a kinde of Jet of which they make Beads and Images which strangers wear in their Hats amongst solid Bituments All Bitumen is not solid and hard but some there is perpetually liquid and fluid called Naphta which is the colature of Babylonian Bitumen white of colour and most capacious of fire for there is so much cognation betwixt this and fire that it will presently leap into it when near it There is also black Bitumen As the true and native Bitumen of Judaea and Sodome come not to us in whose stead we use Pissaphaltus or factitious Bitumen made of Petreol Pitch and other things so neither the true Naphta in whose stead we assume a certain liquor that falls from the fields near Modena which they call Petreol as if it were Oyl educed out of a Rock for both have the same cansistency colour and vertue But Pissaphaltus is the commixion of Pitch and Bitumen as its name designs which some use for Mumy of which hereafter All Bitumen discusses mollifies glutinates defends from inflammation by obfaction suffumigation or imposition emends the Proptosis and strangulation of the Uterus but our Bitumen is seldome right Naphta extenuates incides digests penetrates absumes frigid and crasse humours in all parts of the body and cures the resolution of the Nerves Palsey and diseases in the arteries from a cold cause Some yet recenseate more bitumens as that furfurous pinguetude which some call Whales-sperm Sperma Caeti quid others White-Amber and many The flower of the Sea for it is collected on the Sea whose fat spume or innatant flower it is Many think it is Dioscorides his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 CHAP. 9. Of Sulphur SUlphur is either native and fossile called Brimstone and Quick-sulphur or factitious the native is naturally generated of a certain fat portion of earth much whereof is in Lipara Melos and such places where the factitious is made the splendent pellucid and not saxous is best whose colour without is subcincritious within subluteous Many Mountains are very sulphureous as Aetna which eructates perpetual flames The factitious is made of some fat Glebes which are effoded out of sulphureous Mynes The manner of its confection I leave to such Rusticks as are exercised therein the green and fat is best Sulphur hath much cognation with fire for if it be cast upon coals it will
tearmes of preparations which is better to know than make experience of We will prosecute more particularly the accustomed preparation of Medicines the wholesome Remedies of Physicians prescript that we may securely and without danger make use of to the depelling of our distempers and the safeguarde of our families which be such as Apothecaries prepare daily and openly before all mens eyes and places them in convenient pots and glasses and other vessells in their shops either for present use or perseverance till occasion serves and of those the Physician selects for the necessity of the exigent sometimes this sometimes that and prescribes how much is most convenient to be administred for the expelling of the disease Now the Physicians work is not to prepare these Medicins but to prescribe them hence it is that Apothecaries are tearmed the Physicians hand for it is better to commit our lives into the hands of two than one to operate according to Prescript for if the Physician alone should prescribe prepare and afford Medicines It were too great a trouble to ly upon one mans shoulders Besides he hath power to save or kill and not to be liable to punishment by Law Which is an Impious and Intolerable thing an act not to be indured therefore it was ordained that Apothecaries should be appointed who ought to prepare and preserve Medicaments and to distribute them out in certain quantities according to the Doctors Judgment and decree But I would not abrogate Chymicall remedies totally from Apothecaries shops for there are many of them of excellent vertue Chimica remedia non negligenda to the dissipating of many crabbed distempers but they are such as the learned and skilfull onely should use and not ignorant Mountebanks Qui debeant uti chymicis remediis and wandering Quacks and deceivers who scarce know how to prepare a Medicin yet will proclaime themselves to the world to be more skilfull than Galen and Hyppocrates But to returne to our intended purpose I say there are divers modes of preparing Medicins which that I may prosecute in order I will begin with Lotion afterwards I will extend my discourse to those ingredients which are simply prepared with water often when medicinall with juice or other liquor then I will demonstrate what preparations are made with contunding grinding or scraping afterwards I will explaine what preparation heat performes and I will add to these those that are finished with a mixed manner CHAP. III. Of Lotion LOtion by learned Sylvius is accounted the last manner of preparation Primus praeparationis modus cur by some the middle but by us the first because most Ingredients before they will serve our use before any other preparation can be made ought to be washed though some I confesse are not to be washed till they be burned rosted or scraped This Lotion is twofold Duplex Lotio the one a superficiary Lotion which detracts the adherent filth from the superficies of roots hearbs and other Medicinall materialis and It is common to all other things which being inquinated with clay or other pollutions are to be washed the other is more intimate which dilates it self both without and within and thorow the whole substance Now this preparation is made in water or other liquor for this end and purpose to remove some notious quality or to introduce some good one as the disease it self the nature of the disease or the occasion requires The Ingredient or materiall to be washed is either obdurate solid or stony as the substance of shells bones stones concrete Juices dry gums and metalls or such as are of themselves liquid as Turpenttne Oyle or such as are easy to be melted as wax pitch rosin butter or such as are dissoluble as Lime-stones Bole armeniack Lytharge of God or Silver Those things that are hard and solid before washing ought to be pulverized or burned and so bruised that they cannot be grinded without ustion as Ivory and Harts-horne and so the water or liquor may reach wash and purge every part Those that will easily melt as Wax and Rosin c. ought first to be warmed that being melted they may more eafily yield or be made more pliable if they will easily dissolve of themselves they are to be sprinkled with some water or juice and then washed if liquid of themselves they are to be washed by continuall stirring and commixing water or other liquor with the body of the thing to be washed The liquors in which this Lotion is made is either pure water as fountain or rain-rain-water or medicinall as sulphurous Sea water or Bituminous or some other humour as milk honey vinegar the juice of Plants distilled water and decoctions of simple medicaments This Lotion is either much and hard or little and light or a medium or mean for the things that are washed for the detraction of their filth ought either to be washed strongly or lightly and the water so off changed till it remaines pure and all its impurity segregated and ejected Those that are washed in a medicinall liquor should lye in the same a certain space according to appointment as a whole night or the space of some houres that they may attract the greater power from the liquor or loose their malignant quality This preparationis injuriously called by Sylvius A Lotion when it is rather an Infusion or Maceration or rather as another hath it an Imbution Imbutio quid for the liquor seldom or never adds faculties to the Medicin but rather detracts from it as we see in Rhabarb and others steeped in water whose purgative faculty remaines by being transmitted into the Liquor Yet are they not washed that they may so lose their vertues but increase them Aloe cur abluatur and so in Mesues judgement Aloes should be washed in odoriferous water that it may coroborate the more or in some purging juice or decoction as juice of Roses or the infusion thereof that it may with more celerity relax the belly yet it is not alwayes washed that its purging faculty may be intended but rather that its heat may be remitted as when it is washed in the water of Endive Succory or such like that it may not too much exestuate the liver Lotion therefore ex consequenti either adds to or detracts from medicinall materialls and causes not onely the filth to be wiped off but also mitigates in some their acrimony in others destroyes their malignity and dulls their violence and makes them better either to be assumed or applyed Now that Metalls may be washed Metallica ut abluenda they ought to be pulverized very small and then to be put into pure water or any other Medicinall liquor and to be continually stirred with a wooden Spatula for a whole day and in the morning following the water to be powred out and other water put on and agitated as before till the water that 's powred off be cleere and by this means
to detect least some unskilfull Apothecary be deceived by such circumforaneous prestigiatours who often sell the flowers of Carthamus for Crocus and Ivory for Monocerots horn and similate many more especially rare and precious Medicaments whose use is frequent and vertues eximious Least therefore the Apothecary in whose hand the life or death of a patient is be imprudently circumduced by these wicked slaves for lucres sake to circumvent the patient I le shew him how to detect and avoid these impious frauds and deceits A lump of Kids blood kneaded in hot bread pulverised Moschi adulterium and Ladanum dissolved and kept in a box after they are mixed wherein true musk had been reposed doth much similate musk yet it may be detected by its consistency colour and odour which soon failes in the fictitious The powder of Xyloaloes Benjoin Storax Ambra and Ladanum mixed together similate together But the peculiar native odour of genuine Amber may be easily diseerned from these Moreover Amber by long attrition in ones hands becomes more friable these more soft The barke of Tamariske Cinamomi macerated in Cinamon water and dryed very much similates Cinamon but the taste will difference them Cloves that are inodorous by age will become fragrant by madefaction in wine Caryo byllorum wherein good Cloves have been macerated but this acquired odour is fugacious Rosin Belzoin Frankincense and a little Storax mixed together do fraudulently similate Belzoin but as they differ in odour so also in colour the spurious being full of white spotts Some instead of Camphyre sell the gum of Juniper Camshora but none can be thus imposed upon but such as are very ignorant for any one that 's conversant with Aesculapius may at the first sight detect the fraud Opobalsamum with a little oyle doth very much represent liquidambar Osoâ—alsamo â—â—u danbar assâ—â—e wherewith it has affinity in its faculties and this hath been so peritely adulterated that it hath deceived the most experienced in Paris The Orientall Earth Terra Lemmia orientalis called Terra Lemnia is represented by Bole or common Argill dryed pulverated kneaded with Plantain water made into pastills and signed with the great Turks sigill with which Character much comes from Bellonium but the falsity will be deprehended if both be washed with water for the water of Terra Lemnia will be fatter the other more limpid and tenuious They vitiate Bitumen also by the mixture of pitch Bitumen but the fire will discover it for that which hath pitch in it will emit a pleasant odour Opii Opium is similated by Meconium or the juice of the leaves and stalk of black Poppy but the errour may be discerned by the fatnesse which is much in the genuine none in the adulterate Manna Thuris may easily be adulterated Manna thuris since the powder of Rosin doth much resemble it but fire detects the fraud Tacamahaca Tacamahaca is adulterated with Gum Elemi which is very like the true one for they respond in colour consistency and odour only the one is a little more pleasant to the nose Sagapene Galbanum Opoponax and Serapinum being common are seldom adulterated But Bedellium being more rare is adulterated by course Mirrh and so imposed upon idiots Sassafras was unknown of old in Europe which at its first allation was sold dear and was thereupon much sophisticated I knew a man that sold the powder of Box-wood and Fennell-seed for the powder of saffafras but when plenty of the genuine was conveyed the adulteration ceased Some knaves sell an Oxes heart-bone for a Harts heart-bone but they that know both approve of the Harts and reject the other as endued with no eximious vertue Some substitute great plums for Tamarinds but they do ill in calling them Tamarinds since they differ so apertly in shell pulpe and sapour I could detect the adulteration and manner thereof of a thousand other Medicaments out of Dioscorides and other as well ancient as modern Writers but I hold it better toconceale them since man is so prone to evill and so perite to deceive this I le say by the way that waters liquors juices and compound Medicaments may be easily adulterated simples especially integrall ones not so easily The end of the fourth Book OF PHARMACEUTICAL INSTITUTIONS The fifth Book Of the formes of Medicaments whose use is celebrous in precaution and profligation of diseases THE FIRST SECTION Of such as are assumed at the mouth THE PREFACE AS many Aliments are condited with mixture of severall things and prepared with laborious artifice that they may be long conserved without petretude and marcour as Pastyes Puddings many farciments and biscake on which the Mariners feed sometimes by the space of two years while they sayle to the Indies or as that same Powder or meale which the Turkish Souldiers carry in their Zones made like knapsacks which they knead with water and coct to the consistence of a pultis and so feed upon it a whole moneth Others being conservative not above a day or two and some not above an houre without alteration So many Medicaments will endure in integrall strength for the space of a year or two being conserved in Pharmacopolyes as in a rich store-house for future uses Others not enduring without dammage the space of two dayes in Summer as those which are prepared for present use whereof we have determined in order to discourse in this our last Book beginning with them that are intrinsecally assamed either by the mouth or other convenient place as Nose Fundament and the like which are variously compounded not only according to the variety of the nature of the disease but also of the part affected which must have some one some another consistency that they may be more commodiously applyed more fitly adhere or with more ease be deferred to the part affected as potibles must be liquid edibles solid and applicatives indifferent all which that we may severally prosecute we will begin with potulents and then describe other more solid Medicaments in this first Section we will in the second subjoyn a speciall treatise of such as are injected into the belly or uterus in the third we will describe those Medicaments which are applyed to the extrinsecall parts of the body CHAP. I. Of some ordinary decoctions common by their long use Sometimes the substance alone sometimes the juice sometimes the decoction of the Medicament is administred which decoction that it may be more easily and successefully assumed must be of simple distilled or other convenient water or humour as the intention of the Physician and exigency of the matter requires Now the liquor wherein the decoction is made that must be assumed at the mouth of which alone we now speak should be endued with no insuave or violent quality For potulent decoctions made in the juice of Wormewood lesser Centory immature grapes or Lee or vinegar are neither safe nor
or a little more or less according to the strength and age of the Assumer cleansed brayed and drunk will deject bile and water by stool CHAP. XXII Of Sea-Colewort or Soldanella SOldanella comprehends two different Plants under it Sea Bind weed the one is very like the vulgar in form but its leaves are perdifolious it germinates every year and produces new leaves it is called Brassica multiflora Monospermos The other is very dissimilar and thought to be of the family of Wood-binds from its effigies its seed is mucagineous black hard and angulous its faculty is hydragogous and it much conduces to the hydroptical assument And though it be an enemy to the stomack yet duely administred and mixed with other Medicaments it roborates the intrals educes watry humours without violence and is a good ingredient for that eximious Hydragogal Medicament we have heretofore described Our Land is nobilitated with many more purgative Simples as the Aller tree Rhamnus which we call Buck-thorn which I will not here congest because they are either seldome used or that they do not ingrede our compositions SECTION III. Of Exotical Calefactives The Preface THE all-seeing providence of God hath thought good to bless the remotest part of the East India with better Medicaments than Physicians Plants of such rare worth and admirable virtue that Medicks of a more polish life and conversation of greater learning and experience than those rude Barbarians have to their perpetual renown demonstrated their virtues and operations and by long use and observation have found them fortunately successfull in many desperate distempers What shall we say do we not daily receive multifarious and innumerable Plants from divers parts of the East and West Sweet-swelling-Aromaticks heart-reviving-Cardiacks and body-warming-Calefactives to which our Microcosm is perpetually obliged of which we are about now to treat And we intend to fix our discourse first upon those that are calefactive in the highest degree afterwards handle such as are less and lastly speak to those that have a middle quality or moderation between both CHAP. I. Of Ginger GINGER is a Plant so called Ginger which we borrow of the Barbarians like our water Flower-de-luce but its leaves are blacker its root extends it self with internodian genicles which emits arundinaceous leaves From whence the best Ginger comes twice or thrice repeated each year It grows in many parts of India whether sown or planted That we count best that comes from Malavar where it is most frequent and diligently cultivated else it is not good When it is effoded they leave an internodium thereof in the hole for the perennity of the Plant for the piece occluded will germinate the next year producing new roots and leaves This root while tender cut into small pieces will eat pleasantly with vinegar oil and salt but it comes not to us till it be dry or condited for it is too efferous for our soyl We shall hereafter declare what difference there is among Ginger Zerumbet and Zedoaria Ginger calefies in the third degree it helps concoction and roborates the weak ventricle but its use is now more rare than it hath been formerly for it is scarce admixed to any Condiments onely used in the castigation of some Medicaments CHAP. II. Of Zerumbet ZErumbet or Zumbert Zedoaria and Ginger are peregrine Plants of near cognation but not all known to all men For the Arabian Serapio c. 172. l. de simpl from the assertion of Isaac saith that Zerumbet and Zedoaria are one Afterwards he asserts that Zerumbet are round roots like Aristolochy of the colour and sapour of Ginger And in another place c. 271. ejusd libri he writes that it is a great tree in the Mountains of the East-Indies Avicenna l. 2. tract 2. c. 247. saith that Zerumbet is a wood like Cypress Some think it is Arnabo Arnabo quid whereof Paulus Aeginus makes mention c. 3. l. 6. but they mistake for it is the opinion of many that Arnabo is a tall tree that is suaveolent or as others think that Arnabo is the name of a Plant that is now known by some other name But Zerumbet is a graminaceous Plant either sative How it differs from Ginger that grows in the Province of Malavar or spontaneous which grows in some woody places of that Countrey and is there called wild Ginger Garcias Because its form and root hath much affinity with Ginger But all in Zerumbet are larger for its leaves are longer and broader its roots more crass which after their effossion are cut and dryed and so conveyed to Arabia afterwards into Europe Round Zedoaria may justly be substituted in stead of Zerumbet for it is probable that both Plants are of the same name nature and genus and differ no more than long and round Cyperus Zerumbet is much commended against Poysons Vires it exhilarates the heart roborates and conserves the intrals CHAP. III. Of Zedoaria or Set-wall BY the names Zador Set wall Zeduar Geiduar and Zadura we are to understand the vulgar Zedoaria which Mesue saith is a round root resembling Ginger but more odorate and withall bitter and not so sharp and hot as Ginger It is brought from the Countrey of Sina and the extreams of India it is related to Zerumbet but more vulgar and notorious but neither Plant have been seen whole by any almost in Europe Avicenna saith Zedoaria is like Cyperus others say it is like Costus of which hereafter but all Aromatical Simples are more similar in virtue and power than in form and effigies Zedoaria is hot and dry in the second degree Vires it discusses flatuosity cures the bitings of poysonous Animals helps the colical dolour kills maw-worms and is a good ingredient in Actidotes CHAP. IV. Of Galangal THere are two sorts of Galangal the greater and the lesser both growing in the same soyl but the lesser which is more odoriferous fruticates more plenteously in the Region of Sina Major the greater in Javar and Malabar and it is two cubits high and higher if sown in fat ground Its leaves are almost two cubits long more green above than below its caul is circumvested with the convolution of the leaves its flower is white and inodorate its seed small its root about the head crass bulbous and nodous like that of reeds in other parts it is very like Ginger and it is propagated in like manner to wit by root and not by seed though it thrives very well that is sown it seems to be very like * * * Orris Flower-de-luce in root leaves and form The lesser Galangal is about two hands high Minor with leaves like Myrtle its root nodous for the most part spontaneous Some simply confound it with sweet Cane and Acorus The Chyneans and Malabareans use it oftner in Condiments than Medicaments It is hot and dry in the third degree it roborates the ventricle cures the colical dolour discusses flatuosity and
substance is mud concreted to the hardness of a Pumick-stone is best that which is collected out of Silver Mynes next and that which is had in Golden Mynes worst of the three There is another sort which is worst of all found in Leaden Mynes Avincenna calls Boras Auri capistrum Dioscorides and Galen Chrysocolle or Gold-glue others Green Earth because it equalizes segetives in colour That which is now in Pharmacopolies is not green but white There are two sorts hereof one Native which in Metalline Mynes concretes to the hardness of a Pumick-stone acquiring various colours according to the variety of the Metals out of whose Mynes it is effoded the green is most medicinal and the flave best for ferruminating gold The other Factitious made of Boyes Urine Factitia agitated so long with a Brazen Pestel in a Brasse Morter in the hot Sun till it acquire the consistency of honey or an unguent which either solely or mixed with other Medicaments cures sordid cadaverous and dangerous Ulcers Dioscorides brayed and washed the native and fossile till it looked pure and sincere then he reconded and kept it for use after he had siccated it it will be much more tenuious by â—â—tion Chrysocolle califies cohibits excrescent flesh Vires and is somewhat mordacious it perduces many Ulcers to sanity but its assumption at the mouth is perillous CHAP. 5. Of Vitriol or Calchantum THe Greeks call that Calchantum which the Latines from its blackness call Sutory Ink and from its splendent vitreous Nitre Vitriol Dioscorides reckons three sorts thereof two native and one Factitious Species one sort of the Natives is found concreted in the bowels of the earth another is collected in form of water out of some Myne which put into a vessel soon coagulates into Vitriol The Factitious is made of a certain glebe of earth maculated with rubiginous and atruginous spots madefied transfunded and fermented with water cocted with the heat of the Sun out of which a certain vitriolous humour is elicited which is reduced either by the heat of the Sun or of a fire into Vitriol Pliny Chap. 13. Book 34. teaches many more wayes to confect it as also many perite Metallists which for brevities sake I omit Amongst the Factitious Vitriols the Roman is the best the Cyprian was most celebrated of old the Germanian is worse and it is commonly called Copparose or Dyers Ink which Infectors use in dying clothes The Native which is effoded out of the Cyprian Mountains is called Stalacticum that is stillatitious and pectum that is concrete so that the natural which is either coagulated before effosion or coagulates quickly after extraction from that Mountain and the factitious which is elicited out of the earth of that Mountain may be both called Cyprian Vitriol The Native or Fossile Vitriol participates of Calcitis Misy and Sory especially the Cyprian which is concreted from green water which continually delabes from that Mountain into a Cave washing Calcitis Misy and Sory and spontaneously coagulating into Vitriol Whence one of these doth easily transeate into another for all of them do in time convene yea Galen asserts That he saw Vitriol which in tract of time became Calcitis Lib. 9. Simp. The Native and white is preferred in Medicinal uses which the Metallicolous Alchymists say is produced by their Sulphur and Mercury as of Sperm which they indiscriminately exhibit to all affections out of which they elicite a certain acid liquor a few drops whereof mixed with syrupe of Violets acquire a most elegant red colour and sapour Oyl of Sulphur will do the same and a few drops of both or one of them infused in the syrupe of Roses will make the whole liquor red Tinctura Rosarum which they call Tincture of Roses There is a certain salve made which Pharmacopolists call Diacalciteos from Calcitis and Diapalma or Palmeous salve from Palme and it is alike related to both for it neither admits of Calcitis nor Palme in its confection but so it is called for its rarity for Calcitis Misy Sory Melanteria Diphryges and many more so much celebrated by the Ancients are now unseen and unknown Whence Galen substitutes Vitriol in stead of Calcitis into whose nature age perduces it And it may well be substituted in stead of Misy Sory and Melanteria for all these are of near affinity being similar in qualities but dissimilar in colour and consistency Nature hath enriched Vitriol with eximious faculties which perite Physicians have both experienced and left described as Dioscorides Galen Aelius Paulus Aegineta and Oribasius who have nobilitated it with much celebration it califies astringes dries kills broad worms in the belly helps against toad-poyson preserves moist flesh and contracts humours by absumption exarceates putretude roborates the intimous parts externally applied it astringes purges Ulcers causes wrinkles like Alome with whom it hath relation The Wells of Spada being indued with a Vitrioline quality do miraculously cure grievous and deplorable affections Which excellent faculty they borrow from Vitriol by whose energy they pervade all the tracts and corners of all parts everting what is hurtful not hurting what is good binding what is more lax relaxing what is bound and inciding melting attenuating and expelling what is more crass But besides these excellent commodities Vitriol hath its incommodities also for it is ill for the stomack acrimonious erosive and vomitory and therefore many Monks and women give it sometimes in Wine and sometimes in Rose-water in uncertain weight against quotidian and quartane Agues and indeed the Feaver is often by the excitation of vehement vomiting resolved But this Medicament being imperitely exhibited proves often more formidable then the disease CHAP. 6. Of Alome ALome saith Pliny is as it were the brine of the earth whereof Dioscorides makes three sorts the round the liquid and the jagged or scissile the last is often called plumeous Alome for they are so like in form that they can scarce be distinguished yet they differ both in nature and qualities for the scissile is manifestly astrictive and may be burned but the plumeous is acrimonious Scissile plumeum and suffers not by fire It seems to be the stone Amiantus which wood-like consists of many incursant Lines and is not burned by fire which many take for that Amentus that ingredes the Citrian unguent There is another sort very vulgar and usual lucid spisse and hard like glasse which Physicians call Rock-Alome Alumen rupeum which should alwayes be usurped when Alome is designed absolutely The manner of confecting this is long and laborious which Matthiolus describes accurately There is black Alome in Cyprus that Pliny makes mention of Some say that round Alome is the same with that they call Zucharinum which is confected of crude Rock-Alome white of Eggs and rose-Rose-water Matthiolus saw handled and tasted liquid Alome of which he attests that he never found any thing more astrictive Besides these there are
argenteous within it is generated in its flesh as lumps in hogs flesh stones in the bladder or other places for I saw a man who avoided many stones by stool each one whereof in magnitude equalized a Chesnut or Acorn Fernelius found three stones in the Liver of the dissected carcase of a Noble-man who in his life-time spitted up some like Margaâ—ites But to my purpose these Shell-fishes exposed to the air or assayed with a knife open and the Margarites are found together with their flesh which indeed are neither bones nor part of the piscicle but something excrementitious splendent and concrete like the shells wherewith they are tected which are outwardly scabre and impolite but within smooth and fair so that the true Mother of Pearls is never naturally but alwayes artificially polished Those Margarites are greater which are taken from the greater Conchae and in the deeper sea They are so much sought after by women that no one though of mean fortune thinks she is sufficiently adorned till she carry Pearls about her neck But their use is chiefly Medicinal for all both Ancients and latter writers aver That Margarites are very cordial and exhilarate the heart Alchymists dissolve them and get thence liquor of Pearls whereof they predicate many but ridiculous things I knew a very crafty Empyrical Chirurgeon in Paris who required six Peices for the adhibition of two Swallows to his Patient Vires and when all admired he should ask so unreasonably I should saith he have demanded much more because I fed these Animals a whole Month with the liquor of Pearls You may read at large of Margarites and the Fishes wherein they are generated their nature dignity duration and vertues in Rondeletius Lib. 1. de testaceis Cap. 51. CHAP. 24. De Umbilicis Marinis Of the Sea-Navel THe Sea-Navel is either a whole piscicle whereof Rondeletius makes mention or a part bone or regument of some greater fish the former is a turbinated and small Shell-fish so like a Navel that none that see it can chuse but so name it The other Umbilike is all osseous which is either a shell or the bone of another fish for many fishes have certain bones given them by Nature either for the insertion of their fins whereby they defend their lives or for the confirmation and motion of their bodies Thus Sepia is founded upon its bone thus the Slaits back is armed with many pricks which by light cocture may be easily sojoyned from its body whose officles if you take away their prickles do well represent the Sea-Navel We therefore suspect with Berv. Dessennius that Sea-Umbilikes are desumed from Sea-Animals and cast on the shore with other stones and yet they are not of the same kinde with stones Some call them Sea-Gems but their faculties are not so eximious as that they should be reposed among Gems Their form is well known their colour is in some white in some red they are frequently sold in France CHAP. 25. Of the Dental THe Dental is a certain small Shell-fish oblong white sharp without very smooth within hollow like a little tube and acuminated on one side like a Dogs tooth whence it is called a Dental for it is a shell like a tooth wherein a vernicle is procreated which is oblong and slender answerable to the cavity of the shell which goes out of its domicil sometimes to draw water and seek victuals Both it and its tube grow as a restaceous Cane upon a Rock or an old shell It is indued with the same vertue with the Seas Umbilike and other testaceous piscicles and may as well ingrede the composition of the Citrian Unguent as the former CHAP. 26. Of the Antal THere is another Sea Shell-fish called an Antal whose use in Medicine is very frequent if we make the Citrian unguent It is a testaceous tube bred in the Sea of a little fingers length striated without smooth and hollow within out of whose cavity a small piscicle is educed This seems to be the fish which Athenaeus calls Solen for that is of the kinde of long Shell-fishes with a double shell smooth slender and hollow like a reed and open at both ends Pliny calls it a Dactyl or a Digit because it equalizes a finger in longitude or as some say resembles a mans nail However the Antal we use is very well known and vulgar neither should we lose any precious Medicament if it were absent for we can substitute in its stead any shell that is white and striated which strangers bring from the Sea near that famous Mount which is sacred to St. Michael for all of them are of an equal vertue as to the confecture of the said ungâ—ent whereunto also another accedes not easily known by name some call it Amentum others Amiantus for it is yet doubted whether Amentum be that stone Amiantus which is of a whitish green and by many called Scissile-Alome from which it differs much For Scissile-Alome is manifestly astrictive and being injected upon coals burns but plumeous Alome is acrimonious safe from flame and well termed Amiantus or Amentum or Amiantum which the Citrian Unguent admits of but I dare not assert this for certain seeing Amentum is a barbarous word well understood by none as it appears by the opinions of such Authors as have written of it for Theophrastus will have it the name of a tree Matthaeus Sylvaticus burnt glass Manlius burnt lime some Suet or the fat of glass others Talkum or the specular glass which is indeed very convenient for this Unguent as also plumbeous Alome which Apothecaries by good reason use for Amentum or Amiantus There is also much mention in shops of Bizantian Blatta which is a cover very like that wherewith the Purple-fish is tected yet this similitude is onely as to their substance and faculties and not as to their forms for the tegument of the Purple-worm is round according to Rondeletius and this Blatta long and strict found in nardiferous lakes and thence suaveolent for these worms eat Spikenard and this Blatta is called the odorate Nayl for it smells somewhat like a Beaver But I will not longer insist upon its description because it ingredes no Medicament in our Shop CHAP. 27. Of Tortoises TOrtoises are either aquatical living in the Sea or sweet-watel or amphibious living partly on the land and partly on the water whence Pliny comprehending them all in a quaternal number calls them either Marine or Fluvial Terrestrial or Palustrian A Tortoise is a candated Animal with four feet squamous ingrateful to the sight whose shell is of an oval form long broad hollow within and without extuberant like a Buckler under which it sometimes hides its head tail feet and all and sometimes it puts them out even at pleasure This alone of squamous Animals according to Aristotle hath Reins and a Bladder it layes Egges with hard shells of two colours which it reconds in a Ditch excavated like a hogshead and
difficulty of breathing take away the obstructions of the Liver move fluours allay stomachical dolours help the tabid and consumed and excite appetite CHAP. 9. Liquid Amber LIquid Amber is a certain oleous Rosine flowing from the incisures of a Praegrand and Venust tree of a vast magnitude whose leaves are hederaceous cortex crass and cineritious which being vulnerated emits this Oyl called from its suaveolence Liquid Amber or Oyl of Amber The Trees from which it flows are so fragrant that they send a sweet odour from the place where they grow into vicine Regions This Liquor is of much use in Medicine for it calefies roborates resolves mollifies all tumours removes obstructions moves fluors cures the suffocation of the Uterus and other diseases of women CHAP. 10. Petreolaeum or Oyl of Peter PEtreol is the work and effect of Natures hand not of the Apothecaries for he onely collects it or buys keeps and uses it when collected for Nature confects it in the bowels of the Earth and it eructates out of the clefts of Rocks whence it is called Petreol or Rock-Oyl It is to be had in those Regions where Bitumen is whereunto it is related for Bitumen is either dense or liquid the dense is as it were the fatness of the earth which swims upon the water and by agitation of the winds is cast upon the shore and there concretes and becomes tenacious and dense The legitimate Bitumen is Judaical by some called Bitumen of Sodom because it is found on the banks of Sodom It is very rare in Europe The liquid which the Greeks call Naphta is very white of colour and rapacious of fire insomuch that fire will leap to it from distance as also to all dense Bitumen Besides this Naphta there is another sort yet more fluxile like Oyl which distils from Rocks and Stones as that which abounds in the Mutinian fields on the Mount Gibion There is also a fossile and terrene Bitumen and that of two sorts the one too hard and frangible which they commonly call Stone-coal the other very dense and intensely black with nitre called Gagates of which we have treated in our Book of Simples Some and that upon good grounds affirm that Amber is a kinde of hard Bitumen Bitumen then is of large comprehension to whose family many refer Pissaphaltus and Mumy However Pissaphaltos is a kinde of mixture made of Pitch and Asphaltos or dense Bitumen which is used in maritimous towns to Pitch Ships withall The Arabians call Pissaphaltus Mumy which in their Language denotes Balm in stead whereof the Syrians and Arabians of meaner fortune used Pissaphaltos in embalming their dead carcases And thus they take Pissaphaltus for Balm and Balm for Mumy which agree not so much as in name for natural Balsam or Balm is Opobalsamum artificial consists of many Aromata's used in conditing Kings bodies Pissaphaltos is a certain mixture of Pitch and Asphaltos Mumy is a thing arising from one or both of them and the putretude of a carcase whose illicite use now to prosecute and disprove appertains not to our purpose whereunto I shall now return Petreol is not to be rejected by Apothecaries for its faculties are of much use Vires It calefies siccates by the tenuity of its substance opens penetrates digests resolves all excrementitious matter helps many diseases of the brain and nerves as the Epilepsie Lethargie and Palsey SECT V. Of Oyls extracted by Distillation and first of such as are elicited by descent BEsides these wayes of confecting Oyls Mesue subjoyns many more all which he saith are made by Resolution Education by descent and ascent is a Chymical term of whose Oyls opportune occasion now gives leave to treat Mesue also leading the way Of which I shall onely subjoyn a few words both because laborious work long time and great cost are necessarily requisite to this education of Oyls and also because they are now adayes made by some base imperite and ignorant Circulators who defraud the Commonalty with their vain promises and spend their time in seeking secret Fopperies and confecting Magisterial Bables I do not now speak of men of approved skill learning and knowledge who given to the study of abstruser Sciences seek the more secret Closets of Nature and finde the more miraculous vertues of Creatures who make Medicaments after several manners change them into several forms and by divers preparations give them divers qualities sejoyning what is useless and retaining what is expetible and so coacting them that in small quantity they have much vertue But such Medicaments should not be exhibited but by the perite for else they are perillous and precipitate men into open danger Yet skilful Medicks and Apothecaries following Mesue their Chieftain may after a Chymical manner educe certain Oyls by distillation and that either by descent whereunto descension by transudation or by draining is referred or else by ascent whereunto distillation by Inclination is also referred Education of Oyl by descent is when the elicited humour distils downwards without any elevation into a subdititious vessel which hath no way for ascent the liquefied humour which is elicited in form of a vapour being coacted and then falling downwards Now Oyls are elicited by descent not onely out of such things as are aqueous but out of Woods Rosines and such things as are destroyed by the ascending calour And the Oyls thus educed being crass and black are of an ingrateful odour and sapour and onely usurpable to external affections Yet if they can be introsumed at the mouth they promise eximious effects Many may be made after the example of one or two CHAP. I. Oleum Guaiaci or The Oyl of Guaiacum THe Guaiacum must be brayed put in a Cucurbite of glass or earth with a strait orifice which must be obduced with a plate of Tinne full of holes and thrust into the more patent orifice of another Cucurbite and both well joyned and circumlited with tenacious argil paste or clay then must the empty vessel be dimitted into a hole and buried in the earth so that the earth may touch the middle of the Cucurbite which contains the wood of Guaiacum and then a fire must be accended all about it and Oyl will distil from the superiour into the inferiour Thus are the Oyls of Juniper Ivy Ash and many more woods berries and rosines educed This Oyl of Guaiacum is truly alexiterial to the French Pox Vires for a few drops thereof taken in a morning on a jejune stomack with water or some fit decoction deleate the venereous Pustuls allay the night-tormenting dolours accelerate the Ulcers sanity and extinguish the malignant quality of this affection CHAP. 2. Oleum Tamarisci or Oyl of Tamarisks A Boccia must be filled with the tunded wood and barks of Tamarisks its orifice must be occluded with a foraminous plate and it self so placed in the superiour part of the furnace that its belly looking upwards may be with clay well conjoyned to the
dry or moist the dry distillation is made in a furnace sometimes by the intervent of Coals sometimes of Sand and sometimes of hot ashes the humid is made in St. Maries Bath Now there are as many varieties of Baths and Furnaces as there are different wayes of distillation so that they can scarce be complected But now we shall briefly explicate how the most usual Oyls are elicited CHAP. 7. Oleum de Lateribus or Oyl of Bricks LEt inveterate Bricks broken into small pieces be burned on accended coals till they be red-hot then inject and dimit them into clear and old Oyl till they be filled therewith then beat them into powder and put the powder in a vitreous Cucurbite on which impose a rostrated Alembick and place it in a furnace duly structed accend the fire underneath it and keep the Oyl that flows from it The Bricks that are made of old earth should be selected as best which should be broken into crasser pieces of the weight of Ê’ vj. or â„¥ j. which after ignition must be extinguished in clear antique Oyl or Oyl of Rosemary if it may be spared and pulverated very small then injected into a vitreous Cucurbite well adapted to the furnace and bedaubed with clay that the powder may therein calefie by the fire under it and exude this Oyl which is diversly denominated for some Medicks call it rightly Oyl of Bricks others improperly Artificial Petreol in opposition to the Natural which distils spontaneously out of Rocks others by a more special Nomenclature call it The Holy Divine and Blessed Oyl The Alchymists do more arrogantly call it The Oyl of Magisteries and the Philosophers Oyl whom therefore Sylvius derides because they onely call themselves Philosophers in their daily speech and writings affirming themselves the sole Philosophers seeking that nominally which they cannot attain really This Oyl extenuates penetrates digests Vires and absumes all excrementitious matter conduces to the cold affections of the Spleen Reins Bladder Nerves Uterus and Articles it cures also the Lethargie Palsey and Epilepsie It is hot in the third degree and by so much more efficacious by how much more antique CHAP. 8. Oleum Vitrioliâ— or Oyl of Vitriol TEn or twelve pounds of Vitriol may be injected into a vitreous vessel obduced with clay and set on the fire till its phlegm be extilled then it should be taken off and brayed and purged from its phlegm which should be again iterated till no phlegm would emanate but the spirits leap out then should it be taken off the fire and its red calx taken pulverated and imposed in a crooked or rather straight Cucurbite whereunto an ample Recipient should be adapted and diligently conjoyned with clay and the Oyl distilled by a luculent fire continuing both night and day when all is cold the whole Liquor exempted and imposed in a vitreous vial first the insipid water then the acid which they call Oyl may be segregated from the sediment If this Oyl be often imbrued in its phlegm or the circulation of the spirit of wine it will be sweet for Alchymists mix an equal quantity of this and this Oyl then they digest and evoke them out of a singular Vial till the Alome being separated from the Sulphur of the Chalcantum the Oyl remain sweet Vitriol affords many several Medicinal Remedies as Spirits Oyl both acid and sweet Salt Colchotar and a certain thing the Chymists call Balsam The Spirit of Vitriol differs from its Oyl in its preparation tenuity and active vertue for it is the more subtile liquor of Vitriol or that I may speak in their own language the quintessence thereof which is made after many manners as thus The Vitriol is agitated very much with the vehement heat of the fire within its straight Vial so that that which distils upon the pulverated earth which they call Colchotar is alwayes resunded and at length by the vehemency of the fire propelled through the crooked glass and this is the most efficacious Spirit Some distil water and Oyl together out of the best Vitriol which are crasser Spirits which they purge from their dregs till they be attenuated into subtiler Spirits But they are better elicited while they are driven through a new Alembick by affunding the extillatitious liquor alwayes upon the dead head and then circulating it a whole week The common Oyl of Vitriol is educed after this vulgar manner A certain quantity of natural and good Cyprian Vitriol is taken calcinated in a vessel of Copper till it be quite red and its phlegm dissipated then it is brayed and included in a Cucurbite obduced with clay irrigated with Aqua-vitae and so left for a day then it is collocated and setled in a furnace duly structed and at first a modorate then a vehement fire accended under it that all its liquor may extil which after refrigeration is put in a small Cucurbite coarctated with a capitel and so its aqueous liquor stills in S. Maries Bath and its pure Oyl remains in the bottome of the vessel which is again put into another Cucurbite circumcinged with accended fire that it may be better and more throughly purged It s colour is more or less red or white as its efficacy and calour is more or less moderate â„¥ iij. of Oyl may be elicited out of lb j. of rubefied Vitriol All the qualities of the Oyl of Vitriol are so intense Vires that it cannot be assumed alone but mixed with some water decoction or fit conserve and though it be exceeding hot yet a few drops thereof mixed with much water become acid and both grateful and useful to the Feverish It penetrates by its tenuity carries the water to remote parts removes obstructions arceates putretude recreates the bowels and conduces much to the Pestilence Epilepsie Palsey and Strangury It doth not infect the simple decoction of Roses but the Syrupe of Violets with a purpureous and elegant acid sapour for a few drops thereof cast into an ounce of the said Syrupe will make it from violaceous purpureous CHAP. 9. Oleum Sulphuris or Oyl of Sulphur LEt a broad dish be so supposited to a suspended Campana that their brims may be distant about three fingers and let a vessel containing Sulphur which hath not yet suffered fire be put in the bottome of the dish and accended and agitated with a red-hot Iron when that is absumed let more be set on and ignited as before that out of its copious vapour erected into the Campana a concrete oleous liquor may delabe into the dish Some take an equal quantity of Sulphur and Pumice or Flint-stone brayed and putting the mixture into a crooked Cucurbite adhibit it to a moderate fire and educe most excellent Oyl thence Oyl of Sulphur is educed many more wayes for some adde Spirit of VVine to pulverated Sulphur and accend them when the water is absumed they bray the Sulphur and mix sand with it including them in a Vial and eliciting Oyl by
Medicaments The subject of Pharmacy is the Materials of Medicine Pharmaciam medicinae inservire the end and scope thereof the due composure of the same and the Apothecary that dares to attempt or assay further breaks his bounds and limits and is to be accounted a Mountebank a Quack and Deceiver I have known in France many Apothecaries What Apothecaries are to be looked on as Deceivers amongst whom I found some bold Attempters in the practick part of Physick who with flattery and large promises of great wonders did deceive the richer sort of women whom they did not onely deprive of their money but by exhibiting incongruous Medicines operating contra naturaus without method or due observation left their bodyes more diseased than in statu quo prius And others also who by their cunning sophistry did circumvent certain men of knowledge and repute even the Senators themselves Plin. c. 1. lib. 29. by stiling themselves Phyficians Learned men and the like they would feel the Pulse look upon the Urine and discourse of the Causes Symptomes Prognosticks and Cure of Diseases pretend to great things promise far greater and so assert many ridiculous things and prescribe Medicines that rather augment than abate of the we he mency of the distomper and this they impiously thrust their Sickle into the Physicians harvest and most unjustly exercise Pharmacy to the great prejudice of many by confiding in a bare Recipe without either giving cause or reason why it ought to be administred for we ought not to rest and rely upon the judgement of antient Sciolists who assert meerly upon their bare testimony and single apprehension certain Medicines which may prove benign and agreeable to Constitution at some certain time and thereupon preâ—und to be safely exhibited at all times without advice As for instance [o] [o] [o] Lactucae medicamentum esse potest Alimentum venenum Lettice unseasonably and in too great a quantity administred may as easily kill as Hemlock it is both nutrimeâ—â— and poyson accordingly as 't is used Doth not daily experience manifest that more perish by surfeting than any other distemper Doth not Wine though most agreeable to our nature destroy more than Warâ—â— For though it be very cordial and as it were the 〈◊〉 sanguis senectutis as it were old mens milk and restorative to life yet taken at an unfit season and immoderately proves noxiouâ—â—nd destructive The office therefore of an Apothecary is onely to exercise or compose certain Ingredients to a medicinal form The duty of an Apothecary and to adhibit them 〈◊〉 account manner to salutiferous use according to the prescript of some â—ilfull Physician which that he may with good success accomplish and answer the expectation of the Physician he ought first to select his ingredieâ—ts secondly to prepare them and thirdly to compound them of which we intend to speak in order But before we treat of the first let us enquire what a Medicament is CHAP. III. What a Medicament is and what an Aliment and what a Medium between both THE whole Man is a whole Disease saith Hippocrates Epist ad Damog for such is he when he proceeds into the world from the inquination of the wombe that he is ready for the Physician by reason of his imperfections and diseases which he is liable to either as a consequent from the dissent of the four qualities or from the ill use of such things which Nature appointed forâ—utâ—â—ment but through the abuse thereof causes innumerable Diseases in the Body which the medicinal Art out of a due observation thereof doth infallibly either prevent or cure either by the prescript of a wholsome Diet or by Medicaments either internally assumed or externally applyed as Hippocrates describes Lib. de diata Gal. de sanis And these are either simple which for the most part Hippocrates used or compounded according to Art they are called Simples which remain and are as Nature produced them as Cassia Rhabarb Polipody Colocynth with many others which have onely obtained their natural composition of the four Elements But they are called Compounds which consist of many Simples of divers virtues noited together by Art and Industry Now a Medicament differs from Aliment Medicamentum quid thus for that is called a Medicament which being either internally assumed or externally applyed can work an alteration in our bodyes as Pepper Euphorbium Pelitory c. And that is called Aliment Alimentum quid which internally assumed doth nourish and augment the body as Bread Wine the flesh of all flying and four footed Creatures except ravenous and rapacious for those Creatures that live by rape are of an evil humour and engender ill blood and are to be rejected as unclean And therefore in Divine Writ the Israelites were forbidden to eat either Eagle Vulture Griffon Raven Hawk or the like and we according to this Sacred Decree do prudently abstain from the flesh of Foxes Wolves Lyons and such rapacious Creatures Now the medium between both Alimentum medicamentosum is a medicinal Aliment which sympathetically partakes of both natures for it partly nourisheth and partly altereth the body as Lettice Radish root Gourd Garlick and many such like As there is betwixt Aliment and Medicament a certain medium so also is there betwixt Nutriment and Poyson for the one preserveth refresheth and augmenteth the other destroyes kils and corrupts betwixt both there is a Medicament which doth effect neither CHAP. IV Of the antient use of Simples alone and of their admirable proprieties GAlen observes out of Hippocrates Lib. de Elem. that a man could never be sick if he consisted onely of one Element for then every mans Nature would be one the Effect one the Cause of his return to his natural station one But now the absurdity lyes in this that whereas the species of diseases are infinite so also the remedies both simple and compound that are to be appropriated thereunto are almost influmerable Those Medicaments that are compounded and yet fearmed simple are but comparatively and improperly so stiled in as much as they are referred to others more compound as Oximel simplex Diaprunum simplex and the like but the Rose Endive Psantain Mine Wormwood and all kinde of Vegetables that are created which have received no composition or mixture by Art are properly called Simples by Physicians which they sometimes use alone as the juice of Plantain for astringent Lotions the juice of Water Lillies ad Erysipileta or St. Anthonies fire the juice of Betony the Canker with which it hath an admirable sympathy the juice of Vine-tendress by Galens advice against the Shingles the fresh or meat of Quinces applyed plaisterwise to the region of the stomack against choler and assumed against the bloody flux the body being first purged as also Betony against Cephalalgia as almost all Plants to the expelling of most Diseases That which is recorded of many Plants exceeds credit which produce
Elixation Ustion Calfaction Frixion Despumation and what ever acquires mutation by heat may be referred as to its Genus Now Coction is small or great or moderate according to the substance or vertue of the thing cocted for some whose vertue is dissolved by long coction either because t is weak and posited in the superficies or because the substance of it is contained in a rare texture as some seeds many odoriferous spices and most flowers require a light and small Coction others on the contrary whose vertue is not easily resolved either because it is vallid and firme or because it resides in a grosse or dense substance or because it is posited in the middle as in Roots Woods Gumms Stones and sharp Medicaments as Onions and Garlick which grow sweet and mild by Coction require long and valid Coction others whose substance and vertue is posited in a meane between these two extreames as all the three Sandalls Jujubees Tamarinds mellow fruits and many seed endure but a meane and moderate Coction Now that Coction that is made in liquour of a moderate heat is called Elixation What elixation is And that liquor in which the Medicament is boyled is for the most part water and that either simple as common water or Medicinall or compound to which Lees of Wine Hydromel Milk Buttermilk Wine Vineger juices of plants Salt-water or sulphureous waters and all liquors in which Medicaments are put and boyled may be reduced The use of this elixation is manifold The benefit of Elixation First because it resolves the excrementitious humors of a Medicament in boyling and hence Colocynth and Turbith are boyled that they may not gripe and torment the belly but it is quite contrary with those Medicaments that purge by Leniating and Lubricating the belly and with those that are best when they are fullest As Cassia and Tamarinds for such become worse by Coction because thereby their native humidity is diminished and their purgative faculty destroyed Secondly It dissipates all those flatulent grosse and corroding humours that provoke the ventricle to loathing of the same as in Senna Polipodie Carthamus Walworke c. Thirdly It breaks all acrimony violence and ulcerating faculties as Mesue writes of Scammony which by his prescript will be better if it be boyled in a sorbe apple or in a quince or rose water as all other sharp sapors which become better by Coction Fourthly It bridles and corrects the more vehement and maligne attraction of the Medicament and therefore we boyle white Hellibor and most valid Medicaments that their violence may be broken and experience hath taught me that they become more benigne when they are boyled in water or juice of hearbs seeds or fruits Lastly Elixation doth very comodiously mixe the different qualâ—ties of Medicaments that one quality as it were concrete might result from them all which if it be weak in any plant it must be boyled easier and lighter if more potent and valid more and harder by how much the substance of the Medicament is grosser and more solid Therefore we first boyle the woods then roots then seeds then barks then fruits and last of all flowers on a gentle fire free from smoak This order of Elixation is to be observed in the preparation of all Medicaments especially Apozemes which are made of the decoction of roots leaves seeds and flowers dulcorated with Sugar or Syrups The punctuall time of Coction cannot be defined as some vainely have limited but left to the judgment of the Artist for some require much time of Elixation others lesse CHAP. XII Of Assation and Frixion ASsation is the coction of Medicaments in their own juice What Assation is after which manner of preparation flesh roots and fruits are cocted without any adventitious humour Now this Assation is made divers wayes The manner of Assation for flesh is decocted at the fire on a spit or in an oven or an earthen pot or carbonaded on the coals The roots also of black Beets are roasted in the ashes Beta Romana and Chesnuts in a frying pan but those rather appertain to a Kitchin than a Physician Now many Medicaments are dryed before the fire that they may depose their useless and retain their salutary quality others that they may become more mild others that they may be easier and sooner pulverated Rhabarb is sometimes dryed that it may be less purgative Scylla and more astrictive as also the Sea-onion that its vehemency may be obtunded whereby Dioscorides saith it offends the Intrals The brains of Sparrows excite Venery So also Sparrows brains are dryed that they may be sooner pulverable fitly to be mixed with those Medicaments that incite to Venery Many also are prepared by Assation The benefits that come by Assation that their copious and excrementitious humidity may be thereby washed Now they ought to be stirred or moved with a spoon or spatula while they are broyled on a hot tile oven or frying pan lest they be burned and they must be taken out before they grow black Assation and Frixion differ thus The difference of Assation and Frixion Assation is with its own juice Frixion with an adventitious humour as with Butter Oil Wine Vinegar or other juice or liquor after which manner many Aliments are fryed and broyled as Beans and Pease both that they may be more pleasant and also that they may more depose their bad qualities Gal. 29. lib. 2. de Aliment Coriander seed is fryed Coriander seed that is it is prepared with Vinegar that its quality which is noxious to the brain may be obtunded Semina viticis are also to be fryed Agnus â—â—stus that the flatulent humour may be discussed and that they may inhibit Venery Now some are fryed in the oil of sweet Almonds Myrab Citrin Chebul Nigri for the composition of Tripherae Persicae some in the juice of unripe Grapes others in Wine or other Liquor according to the Physicians purpose and scope that they may acquire a better quality or lose their noxious or ill qualities CHAP. XIII Of Vstion MAny Medicaments especially such as are more solid as Minerals or such as are indued with a malignant quality are burned before they be fitted for mans use Some also are burned that they may be sooner pulverated as bones horns claws flax and hairs of Animals others are burned that they may change their colour others that they may obtain a new faculty and one fit for our purpose Many sharp Medicaments are sometimes burned that they may grow milde and lose their Acrimony others not sharp that they may acquire Acrimony And thus as Galen in prooemio l. 9. simpl took notice that many sharp Medicaments lose much heat by burning and many not sharp assume and acquire heat thereby This he proves by the example of Vitriol which becomes more milde and moderate by ustion and some not sharp become more hot and crude by ustion as Fex
such things as he would have to congeal as jelly as also such things as are after coction hard he reposes in his Shop as solid Electuaries dry Conserves and Plasters Now Refrigeration differs from Extinction in this that all things extinguished are refrigerated not on the contrary c. CHAP. XVI Of Putrefaction and Fermentation GAlen out of Aristotle observes cap. 9. lib. 2. de diff feb comm ad part 1. lib. 3. epid that Putrefaction proceeds alwayes from external heat in a humid matter as also the internal heat cocteth and corrupteth not So also whatever is in every part dry doth never apertly putrifie as we see neither Brick nor Gold nor Silver to putrifie And because things are putrid from an external heat Mensis Philosophicus Chymicorum Putrefaction is a kinde of Coction as when some medicamental matter is left in a Vial occinded in dung or as Alcumists say a Horses belly for they give feigned names to their feigned art for the space of thirty and sometimes forty dayes the last term whereof is called by them the Philosophical month and the Liquor of this Putrefaction menstruous or Putrefaction finished in a months space The Alcumists own this kinde of preparation Menstruum quid Chymicis as peculiar to themselves but Galen many years before they were hatched taught how to putrifie the Gem Calcitis and Litargie obruted with dung after they were put into a new pot with Vinegar And the Apothecaries also of our time have in this owned Galen who macerate and putrifie the branches of black Poplar for many months together either with Hogs grease for the confection of the Populeon Unguent or with Oil for the Medicine helping weariness Fermentation is not so proper to Medicaments Fermentatio as to Meats and Drinks for a lump of Dough is fermented or leavened that it may make more pleasant and wholsome Bread Wine and Beer are fermented when they grow cold and when there is a segregation of the sincere Suck or Juice Dregs or Faces Sirrups Conserves and Electuaries are also then fermented when new made they refrigerate in the Vessels Alcumists have their fermentation also which they sometimes call Vivification and sometimes Resuscitation for thereby they say that the matter perished is as it were resuscitated from the dead and acquires new virtues The vain Gold-mongers also promise that such a Fermentation will conduce to the transmutation of Metals but they never yet knew the matter of the Ferment nor the manner of its confection CHAP. XVII Of Dissolution MEdicaments are wont to be variously changed before they be exhibited for the most part when whole Medicaments will not serve they are prepared by some triture or dissolution in some liquor or other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Now this dissolution is a certain triture whereby Medicaments as well simple as compound are dissolved in some fit humour to a moderate consistency and sometimes smaller sometimes thicker according to the Physicians purpose Now Medicaments are dissolved for many uses first Dissolutionis usus multiplex that they may be easily assumed secondly that they may more readily be compounded with others thirdly that they may sooner be distributed fourthly that they may penetrate into the part affected and if need be remain there as when liquid Medicaments are injected into the belly bladder intestines or any Ulcer in the body fifthly Medicaments are dissolved that they may afterwards be strained and that their virtues purged from excrements may sooner enter the inward parts Thus Medicaments which break the Stone Dithontriptica are dissolved sometimes in white Wine sometimes in the juice of Limmons in the water of Wall pelitory Radish-roots or such like that they may more easily permeate the holes of the reins and the passages of the ureters On the contrary such as are to be moved with the Spittle are to be dissolved in a thicker matter as in Conserves or Sirrup Anachartasis quomodo movonda that they may appear rather as a Medicine to be sucked than drunk And as Triture so also Infusion and oftentimes Calefaction are requisite to Dissolution for such as are hard pliant and viscid can scarce be dissolved till they be broken or steeped or calefied by the Sun or Fire Thus many Medicaments may be dissolved presently after Triture and many kinds of Earth others not without long agitation as all shels of Fishes and many more Some require both Maceration and Calfaction as many Gummes which before dissolution should be macerated with strong Vinegar Aqua vitae or strong Wine But Metals and Minerals cannot be dissolved in any juice or liquor Non quavis in quovis liquore dilui but in the juice of Limmons in Vinegar distilled or in such Watert as the Alcumists call strong Waters Any Medicament therefore is not dissolved in any liquor but in some fit and determinate one for Turpentine may lie a whole natural day in water or in a decoction and scarce be dissolved without some Eggs yolks be superadded In general Grease Marrow and Fatness are melted at the fire that they may be more easily dissolved and ingrede the composition of Unguents and Plaisters All kinds of odoriferous Medicaments are dissolved in cordial Waters or altering Waters for moyst medicinal Plaisters Pils or other Purges whether compound or simple are dissolved in Aqua vitae or other convenient Liquor by an artificial sedulity in drawing out their extracts Solid things also which neither can nor ought to be exhibited in that form are first to be broken and dissolved in some convenient liquor that they may more safely and easily be assumed CHAP. XVIII Of Liquation ALL Medicaments after due preparation thereunto may be dissolved but few can be melted for Stones may be burned Wood accended but in no wise melted because not congulated with cold Liquatio quid For saith Aristotle cap. 6. lib. 7. meteor Liquation is a solution of those things which are congealed by cold into a more liquid and fluent consistency by heat as Fatness Marrow Oil in winter and such like which with little cold are concreted and with little heat diffuded But such things as are concreted with diurnal cold are very hard to â—elt as Gold Brass and Iron the fusion whereof rather pertains to such as are exercised in Metals and not in Medicaments to an Artist and not a Philosopher Liquation differs from Dissolution Dissolutio non nisi fit cum humere in that Liquation is alwayes caused by heat and seldome or never with any humour Dissolutition alwayes with humours seldome with heat Lead is soon melted with heat Sulphur Pitch and Rosin sooner Salt Manna Sugar Gums of Ivy Prunes Juniper and other Trees are sometimes worked in hot water and so diffused that they may be dissolved The Alcumists have illustrated a Pyrothecny Quomodo metalla facile liquentur and have invented many things whereby the liquative or fusitive Art is enriched as
be seasoned with Cloves Cynamon and other sweet spices and lesse moâ—est the principall parts and do more wholesomely educe excrementitious humours by secession or by vomit if it happen And though according to Galen Cap. 15. lib. 2. de aliment Quae aromata hanc velillam partem corporis magis respiciunt all ocoriferous spices are hot and exhilarate the vitall faculty yet some more particularly respect the brain as Cloves some the heart the fountain of life as Cynamon others the ventricle as Almonds others the Liver as Dates and some the wombe as muske Amber Civet not that the wombe is delighted with these under the species of odors for it hath not an organ of smelling but is affected with smells by reason that thin and subtil matters or the aery vapour wherewith the spirits are recreated with which it is of all granted that the genitalls swell Mesue hath described many aromaticall confections as Diacinamomum ARomaticum Rosat Diamoschum utrumque diambra the electuary of gemms and many more whose use is excellent in getting and preferving strength in the principall members in preventing and correcting putrefaction and in refreshing the spirits Those that from sickness recover health or are very old and are in riches able to resartiate their lost strength by the prescript of Physicians are wont to use Confections made of Conserves Sirrups and cordial Powders whose excellent virtue is attributed to the sweet odour of suaveolent Spices For the like cause Cur medicamenta aromatizentur many Sirrups are aromatized with the confection of Alkermes or Trochisks of Galliae moschatae or with Musk Amber Civet or other suaveolent Spices hung in a Nodula and so tyed to the Vessel wherein the Sirrup or Liquor is contained that it hangs about the middle of it for so the aromatical virtue is equally distributed to all the Liquor Which also Vintners have learned who make the Wine more fragrant and sweet by hanging Ginger Cinamon and such like in the Hogshead Those of the Courtiers that are more rich Quibus salaces ad venerem utantur leacherous and slothfull that like Beasts they may more potently hold on to their Venery and be more active in that exercise sometimes they cat raw Eggs sometimes fryed with much Musk or Civet whereby they rather destroy than refresh Nature Many Fruits also as Nuts and Pears are before Conditure sticked with Cinamon or Cloves that they may be more gratefull and acceptable both to the palate and heart Juleps also are often aromatized with Rose-water as Apozems with yellow Sanders Sauces with aromatical Confections Cider with Amber or Musk as many other Medicaments with Storax Belzoin Camphire CHAP. XXIX Of Colouration THough Colour according to Galen cap. 2. lib. 1. simpl cap. 30 lib. de Histor Philos cannot shew the faculty of the Medicament yet because it is a quality of a visible body which because it hurts or profits is more or less expetible for as blackness and whiteness do obtund the faculties of seeing so green colour exhilarates them as besides quotidian experience the Philosopher also testifies Probl. 60. sect 32. Now some Medicaments are more desirable being white Coloratio quot modis acquiritâ—r others black others red or of other colour And Colour is especially acquired four manner of wayes by Lotion Agitation Coction and Mixtion By Lotion most become white as Oil Turpentine Wax Some also by Agitation as Penedis the white unguent of Rhasis the plaister Diachylon Galens refrigerating Unguent for all these by how much the longer they are wrought by so much they are the whiter Bechical as white Pils Bechical confections and all sugared Medicaments for Motion and Agitation do get the defired colour to Medicaments But this is not so manifest in the fore-named Medicaments as in the crude Unguent Unguentum crudum ex quibus constat which is made of Lytoridge Oil and Vinegar for these are so long beaten in a morter till they acquire the form of a white Unguent Medicaments by Coction are more colourated as more white or more black as the Coction is valid and long or as it is weak So the Plaister made of crude Ceruse is white of burned Ceruse red And the Plaister of crude Verdigrease is green of burned Verdigrease white and yellow Lastly according to the several colours of the things mixed the colour of Medicaments is various for such as admit Saffron in their mixtion are yellow such as admit Cinnabrium are red and such as have Ceruse are white and such as have the pith of Cassia in their mixture are black CHAP. XXX Of Conditure Saliture and Farture AS Saliture and Farture rather seem to appertain to a Cooks than an Apothecaries shop so doth Conditure to the Confectioners Yet Medicaments sometimes need these for Saliture conduces much to conservation Farture to good sapour and Conditure to both For Flowers and Fruits are not condited onely but also little stalks barks and tender roots both that they may be longer preserved and also eat more pleasantly Thus are the roots of tender Ginger and husks of Cassia Fistula which are not old Nutmegs Myrobolans and other forreign Fruits are condited while fresh that they may be brought to us without any loss of their virtues and faculties from far Countreys Many of our own Countrey sweet sour or Fruits of other sapours pleasant to the palate as soon as they are gathered and if need be their Cortes pill'd off for many are not decorticated as Gooseberries Barberries and so are boyled with Sugar or Honey or both Those that are bitter very sour and sharp are so long macerated in water till they have deposed their vehement quality Now Apothecaries do especially make humid Conditures as they call them as when they so long concoct Fruits or Roots with Sugar and Water that they lose all their watry humidity and after Conditure and Reconditure may be preserved with a Sirup perfectly boyled But Confectioners do not onely make such like Conditures as these but also dry ones as they term them which are made of Fruits sugared with Sugar extrinsecally boyled with them and afterwards dryed by insolation Now many Fruits are condited with Salt alone as Capers or with some Vinegar added to them Salitura as Cucumbers cut in pieces Purslain Lettices and many Pot-herbs that they may without decay be preserved till Winter for Salt hath an admirable faculty in desiccating and conserving things Hence Flesh and Fish salted are kept without corruption not onely some months but years Wherefore by some Philosophers Epicureis anima pro sale the Soul is called the Salt of the Body because as long as it remains therein it vindicates and defends it from putrefaction It causes also that Medicaments acquire another quality beside what is peculiar to them and therefore Vipers flesh and the parts of many Animals are besprinkled with white and bay Salt for according to Galen there is the same faculty
in both with a little if it be used for sapours sake with more if for conditures sake Whatsoever Aliments are desired to be medicinal Fartura if there be any apparent cavity in them it is stopped with Fruits Herbs or Roots wherewith Aliments are often stuffed Now many Aliments are stuffed before Assation or Elixation that they may be more gratefull to the palate and sometimes that they may more conduce to procure or keep sanity as when Polypody Capers dry Grapes Barley or other parts of Plants are included in the belly of a Capon or Goose An old Cock is wont to be stuffed with Barley that besides its faculty of subducing the belly wherein according to Galen and Oribasius it is effectual it may cleanse and nourish Night-caps are often quilted with Cephalical Powders put in a double linnen cloth the topical remedy of the form of a Buckler is prepared after the same manner but it receives roborating and stomachical Pouders such as are wont to be prescribed to the weakness of the belly But it is properly called Farture by which exenterated Animals and excavated Fruits are stuffed with medicamental or alimental things and sometimes with aromatical onely for jucundity sake CHAP. XXX Of Distillation DIstillation is an education of a watry or oily humour out of any thing by heat Distillatio quid And it is effected either by ascension or descension and that either by a humid or a dry heat Distillations by humid heat are made in Balneum Mariae or in a Vapour made of hot water Balneum Mariae Balneum Mariae aut maris as some say is a Vessel containing in it heat into which another vessel is put containing the matter to be distilled It was wont to be called Cucurbita Cucurbita or Boccia upon which is put another Vessel with a beak commonly called an Alembick or Capitel which are most strictly closed together with a glew made of Bran and whites of Eggs. Distillation in the vapour of hot water is also made in two vessels Balneum roris the one contains the matter to be distilled and in the other is put a long copper or brass vessel half full of water so that there is space enough left between the Cucurbita and the boyling water by the vapour of which carried upwards the matter to be distilled grows hot and suscitates the vapours to the beaked Capitel whence it descends into the Receiver Both these Bathes are described in various forms for every one Variae sunt formae balnei according to his minde changes innovates adds or detracts something rather form the elegancy of the Boccia than the facility of Distillation But in all of them the fire which is the efficient cause of Distillation must be made in such place that with little labour it may calefie the water in the Boccia Now the fire should be clear not smoky or filthy Ignis in distillatione qualis such as is made of Charcoal or Cannel and it must be so ordered that it neither be too potent and burn the matter nor so small as to be extinguished before the work be perfected Before the water begin to be cold let other be made hot or at least warm and calefied according to that degree of heat which the condition of the matter requires for some may be distilled with a benign vapour others with a more potent others best with warm water Integral fresh Plants or parts of them cut into pieces Plantarum distillatio are conveniently distilled in a humid Bath If they be dry they should be wet with some convenient liquor before Distillation for so the waters distilled do better retain the strength and faculties of the Plants though they cannot be so preserved because more excrementitious Yet many waters do not retain the sapours of the Plants because they so inhere in their terrestrial substance that they will not ascend with the most vehement heat The humid Bath is expedient in distilling waters the dry one if it may be called a Bath as it pleases most in educing oils and waters Balneum siccum Now it is properly called dry because no water is put under the Cucurbita but fire onely with dust sand or the filings of iron or steel sometimes interposed Which that it may be commodiously done Fornacis structura the furnace must be built with such industry that it may have a port open towards the bottome through which the ashes may be taken out which fall from the burning coals laid upon the little gridiron Above the gridiron there must be another port through which the coals may be immitted above the arch whereof must be inserted little iron beams or grates overthwart then above must be placed the brazen earthen or iron pan into which the Cucurbita is put and it must be buried sand or ashes being cast upon it then the beaked Capitel may be placed above it In the top of the furnace must be constituted certain holes or wind-passages through which the smoke may pass The use of a certain Instrument of Copper called an Alembick Alembicus is here requisite and frequent in whose inferiour cavity are contained iron beams sustaining the burning coals in its middle the â—occia in its superiour part the beaked Capitel in form of a Helmet and sometimes round with a Refrigeratory formed like a Cauldron that it might contain an abundant quantity of water which when it grows too hot is effunded by a cock placed towards its bottome and new water and cold is poured in again The beak in some Alembicks is very long and strait and oft times in some of the form of a serpent whence it is called a twining beak or worm that so it may be transferred through a Hogshead full of cold water whereby the water may be better congealed and tempered A certain Boccia made of glass Retorta vesica and crooked commonly called a Retort serves for that distillation which is made by sand or ashes as also another strait one which hath its name from a bladder of oval form made of glass or copper lined with tin which serves for distilling those things which are easily sublevated as roots seeds leaves flowers and suaveolent Spices such as are not so easily sublevated as farnesses rosins and gums are to be extolled and that more aptly in a Retort of very thick glass The forms of distilling are so many Varia distillandi formae and the instruments as also their matter so various that they can scarce be kept within certain Laws yet is this old custome still observed that Apothecaries do commonly distill young Plants and other Medicâ—ments in Pewter Alembicks or Leaden tinn'd within which are not so noxious as many fear yet them of Glass and Clay are better but they maâ—easily be broken and then useless Now such things as may not endure the vehemency of heat may be better distilled in Balneum Maria
hung a little lump of Leaven in the vessells they leave it for two or three dayes and then they drink it with great pleasure to expell thirst for this drink is sharp and sweet and most pleasant to their palates others boyle six pounds of honey in fifty pound of fountain-water and scum it well and then they dissolve an ounce and an half or two ounces of Leaven or Barm and put in the Barrell leaving a certain space as about two or three fingers breadth empty Apomel is not very watry and as in strength and vertue Apomeli it is equall to vinous Hydromel so hath it the same manner of preparation as we shall shew in our shop Amongst sweet potions is reckoned Oinomel Oinomel which is made of two parts of old wine and one of honey and sometimes of six parts of swee new wine and one of honey according to Oribasius Cap. 25. lib. 5. Collect. and because honey is of thin parts and most sweet those Medicaments that admit of its Commistion do conduce most to the attenuation coction and expurgation of grosse humours CHAP. IV. Of Syrups mixed with Honey THat which the Greeks call Oxymel and the Arabians Secanjabin The Apothecaries and not improperly call a tart sweet potion for it is a sower syrup made of water and honey or sweet wine and vinegar whence the taste recerves it as soure and sweet and as it hath a mixed and various sapour so hath it mixed virtues as by reason of the honey to the vinegar as of the vinegar to 〈…〉 for vinegar hath a purging faculty and it is Gal. l 1. Acetum esse calidum frigidum simpl 〈◊〉 2. Comp Med. loc cold and hot discussive repulsive and therefore Oxymel is commodious for hot cold diseases it cuts attenuates and cleanseth grosse and slimy humours it educes spittle Oxymelitis qualitas takes away obstructions it prepares cold humours for expulsion it moderates hot humours and quenches thirst for honey is averse to cold humours vineger to their lentour and water to heat and therefore causes that the honey be longer cocted better scummed and the vertue of the Oximel Mellis optimi nota better distributed as Messue his Interpreter well observes And the honey should not onely be very good sweet and sharp pale of colour neither too thick nor too watrish nor abounding with spume but the water also being a common solace both to the whole and sick as Galen saith Cap. 27. lib. de renum dignot Aquae bonitas qui dignoscatur Medicat and most necessary to all things ought to be most pure and good and it may be tryed so to be by taste sight and smell by tast as if it be free from all qualities indued with none by sight as if it be pure sincere and exquisitely cleere by smell as if nothing can be smelled therein which is in vitious waters and the vinegar also must necessarily be very good rather white than red Acetum quodnam optimum not stillatitious nor watrish but most sharp which hath a more potent faculty in cutting and attenuating Now that Oxymel is reckoned amongst Medicines is from vineger for it is not of them accounted sweet wine betwixt which Oxymel and Apomel takes place called by Serapis Acumel But because all vineger hath not the same vertue nor all men the same delight in its taste the same proportion of honey to vineger is not generally used for some would have more of vineger others more of honey whence Serapio thinks it should be made according to his mind that drinks yet the confection described by Mesue and Oribasius is most received and approved And it is made of one part of vineger Oxymelitis praeparatio two of water and four of honey and all are boyled together to the consistency of a more liquid syrup for if it be not perfectly cocted yet because of the honey it may be preserved long enough without corruption And this is called simple Oxymel in respect of that which is more compound which besides water honey and vinegar receives many roots and fruits whereof many formes are described by Nicolaus Myrepsus and later writers CHAP. V. Of Juices mixed with Honey HOney is the Countrey-mans sugar wherewith they often condite Cherries Goosberies and Pears Apothecaryes also not for want of sugar but by the Physicians advise confect certain juices fruits and flowers with honey and make them into Conserves Galenjabin Conserva Rosarum sapes and syrups conserves as honey of Roses called by the Arabians Geneljabin and by the Greeks Rhodomel which is made of one part of the flowers of red roses bruised and three parts of honey despumed Mel passulatum Sapes as honey of grapes which confected of one pound of dry grapes clensed and macerated for a whole day in three pounds of water then boyled to the half afterwards strained and mixed with an equall quantity of honey despumed syrups as another kind of honey of roses which is made of an equall quantity of despumed honey and red rose juice the Mercuriall honey or Mel Mercuriale is also confected after the like manner and cocted to the consistency of a thicker syrup And as the consistency of these conserves of roses is various so is their description and preparation for many take the same quantity of roses purged from their white and of honey as Mesue also did but they do not as he Rhodomel boyle them on the fire but expose them to the heat of the Sun Mel Rosatum foliatum for the space of ten or twelve dayes before they repose them in their shops thus also Rhodomel prepared without colature is called by some of a later stampe Mel Rosatum foliatum and by others Conserva mellis Rosarum But that which is confected of an equall part of the juice of red roses and of honey because of its sapour and consistency is called the syrrup of the honey of roses That same is a mean betwixt both because made partly of the leaves and juice of Roses with an equall weight of honey yet the former manner of confection is more approved after which manner also other Medicinall honeys are confected of other flowers Yet is it better that these be insolated than decocted with fire Cur prastet hac insolari quà m coqui because the odour of flowers being easily dissipable perishes and their qualities do not remain integrall after cocture but they will easily endure insolation which acting with a temperate and diuturnall heat not short and fervid better mixes such Medicaments yet that honey which is made of fresh roses is used to be cocted with a slow fire that which is made of dry roses should be insolated Now what way soever honey of roses is made whether of flowers integrall or broken it ought first a little to be calefied that it may be strained and it is called Mel Rosatum Colatum As
Conserve to be better if a Syrup perfectly cocted be made of the decoction of this herb and Sugar and then mixed to other cleansed and brayed Leaves of this herb for thus it acquires a more excellent virtue and a more fit consistency Dry Conserve is made of dry Roses levigated very small with eight times their quantity of Sugar boyled in Rose-water to the consistency of an Electuary Conservae ex rosis siccis to which a little juice of some sowr Simple as Lemmons or Sorrel may be mixed for this juice doth not onely make it sweet and sowr and pleasant to the taste but of a more red and pleasant colour By the same art may other dry Conserves be made of dry Flowers CHAP. VIII Of Condites in general ROots Conditura cur fiat Fruits and other parts of Plants are condited either for conservation or for sapour or both For Conservations sake many are condited with Salt or Vinegar and sometimes both as Olives Capers Samphire Cucumbers and Broom-flowers For Sapours sake the pils of Oranges Lemons Almonds Pine-apples Cloves Nuts and many Seeds are confected with Honey or Sugar For both Conservation and Sapours sake many Roots Fruits and Flowers as the root of Ragwort Pears Plums Barberries and the flowers of Bugloss and Violets both that they may taste better and keep longer And such things as are to be condited are first concocted in an apt syrup and reposed and reserved with it in an carthen glass or vessel which are called by Apothecaries Condita liquida liquid Condites But if after perfect Concoction they be exposed to the open air till their superficies be dry and that viscid lentor wherewith they cleaved to the fingers of such as touch them Confecturae siccae be resolved then are they called dry Confectures Hereunto by a certain affinity may be referred a certain kinde of Condite which is called Pasta regia or a Mazapane but we shall treat of that more positively in our fifth Book in our Treatise of particular Remedies Those Delicates which the Confectioners call Tragemata Tragemata i.e. Junkets may be referred to solid Condites for they as other Condites are prepared by the help of the fire and the addition of Sugar but after a different manner For examples sake if Seeds are to be condited the Sugar must first be cocted into the consistency of a syrup then is it by little and little poured upon the Seeds then are they moved with ones hand and that so long till the Seeds be covered and incrustated all over with the Sugar Lemmons pils small cut as also Cynamon are condited after the same manner Now Fruits being humid they require a liquid Confecture and Seeds being dry a dry one CHAP. IX Of Powders THE Medicinal Art can by no means want Powders for when Medicaments are either too humid or dry by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the dry for the most part are pulverated the humid are made up and concinnated with these Powders as Electuaries solid Conserves Trochisks Plaisters and other Medicaments both intrinsecally to be assumed and extrinsecally to be applyed for nothing in Chirurgery is more frequently prescribed than incarnating astringing and closing Powders Pulverum in Chirurgia frequens usus and nothing so carefully prepared and kept of Apothecaries as cordial capital and roborating Powders which are not onely mixed with other forms of Medicaments but oftentimes prescribed alone to divers uses and affections as to roborate the principal parts preserve their strengths extinguish Poysons stay Fluxes help concoction to binde or lose the belly Many external passions are oft cured with these alone Pulvis vulnerarius optimus seldome without them as any Wound with red Powder compounded of two parts of Dragons-blood and one of Frankincense as a great Ulcer after detersion with incarnating Powder Pulvis epuloticus optimus Thus a slash or skar of a Wound is closed with an Epulotical Powder the best whereof are the Powders of Pompholix Brass oar Ceruse Spodium Terra Lemnia and Lead rightly prepared Now generally Pulveres in medicina quid praestent Medicaments are either given in the form of Powders or of them other forms are made borrowing their matter from Powders for these do not onely serve for to be fitted to the forms of several Medicaments but whether you look to the body or the quality of Medicaments these are for the most part their very Basis And Powders are made of the most select Medicaments beaten more or less as the nature of the Medicament or the exigency of the matter requires And all that are levigated or redacted into Powder are called of the Latines by a general name Pulveres which the Arabians call distinctly by these three idioms Sufful Alkool Alkool Sufful Sief and Sief Sufful denotes any kinde of Powder whether small or great Alkool that which is very small Sief denotes the attrition of certain Trochisks upon a Marble mixed with Rose Fennel or other convenient water to the griefs of the eyes Now some Powders to wit such as are made by the Confectioners are destinated onely to Sauces as the Powders of Pepper Ginger Nutmeg Cynamon and such like sweet Spices and they are called of the Seplasiaries small Spices which they used to keep in Leather bags Other Powders are cordial and roborative which pertain onely to the Medicinal Art as the Powder of Diarrhodon Abbatis Diacynamon Dianisi Laetitia Galeni and other cordial Powders which should be reposed in boxes glasses or pots close covered lest their virtue suddenly expire Other Powders are also made as Cathartick Powders which are onely for present not future uses because by keeping they are much worse and weaker Yet scarce is any Powder internally assumed alone and unmixed but is put in water or some other liquor though not so applyed externally which we often lay to Wounds and Ulcers alone Perfumers Cosmeticorum studium Chamberers and such as would take away wrinkles from old women with painting and promise to fascinate and cure stinking breaths make several Powders of suaveolent Spices as of the root of Orris of Roses Sandals Storax Betzoini sweet Cane Cynamon Cloves Marjorum Amber Musk Civet of which and other odoriferous Simples they make two excellent Powders which they call Chyprium Violetum and also many other and various Powders for the delectation of them that desire them They are wont to repose them in silken bags and put them in chests with their cloaths But the Apothecary need not be sollicitous about these for whom it is more expedient to have good Pulvis Diamargaritonis than Chyprium CHAP. X. Of Eclegms in general A Certain Medicament is made for the diseases of the Lungs something thicker than a Syrup and more liquid than an Electuary which the Arabians call Lodoch the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and sometimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines
for present they mitigate and absolve from paine and griefe For Anodynes are not all of one sort Paregorica quae for some are Paregoricall or leniating which are temperate and most agreeing without heat as Hydreole the root of Lillies boyled in milk and oil of Almonds Others are called Alliotical which leniate the griefe Alliotica to which they are averse by some opposite quality as oil of roses of violets to a grief moderately oil of water lillies to a grief impensely hot oil of Laurall or Anisseseeds to a cold dolour others are also called Narcoticall Opiates Narcotica which by stupifying the senses take away the dolour which must not be used rashly for lying too long to a place they extinguish the heat thereof resolve the nerves and take away at once both motion and sense and as Galen observeth Cap. 18. lib. 5. simplic med taken in too great quantity kills Which is evidenced by the most perillous experiences of jugglars and deceivers who with their shining Stibium stir up torments and other grievous symptomes wherewith they may cover their errour with a worse do indeed take away dolours by their narcoticall Opiates neither rightly made nor applyed For they easily conciliate sleep but such a one as intrudes the diseased into Charons boate Somniserum Empericorum not in this world again to awake whence it is true that Empiricks Hypnoticall medicines is often the cure of all evills I will not here relate storyes well known to me of these impious periclitatours least I should digresse too far from my purpose and because the work would be immense if I should here insert what I have received from men of credit Now Narcoticks are improperly and onely as to their nomination called Anodynes for besides their Elementary quality whereby they refrigerate they are indued with another that is hostile and deletary to our native heat unlesse they be taken in a smaall quantity and also then and so prepared as is meet as Opium Mandrake Henbane and Hemlock Anodynes proper so called Anod yna quae are paregoricall hot in the first degree or temperate or little exceeding a simmetry which may be safely either assumed or applyed Medicaments therefore that admit Opium or other Narcoticks must be taken in a small weight and are truly called Opiates of what Consistency soever they be Yet other soft altering purging and roborating Cofections are now also tearmed Opiates CHAP. XIV Of Pills PIlls have their name from the forme of a little ball or bullet Pilulae cur ita dictae Unde dicantur catapotia which because they are not chewed but swallowed whole are called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for because of the ingratefull sapour and odour of those simples whereof they are confected as Aloes Coloquintida Agarick Opoponax Sagapenes and other sharp stinking and bitter simples they are formed in a sphericall effigie in a solid consistency and exhibited in a small quantity that they may be assumed with more ease and lesse trouble for the exiguity of the Medicament makes it easier to be swallowed and the solidity lesse to be dissolved the round forme sooner to slide down to stay longer in the ventricle to draw more efficaciously from parts remote and not so soon to passe into the intestines or to be excluded by vomiting for liquid Medicaments are often assumed and disgorged in the same instant Pills are frequently because of their insuavity covered with leafs of Gold and many odoriferous spices are often mixed artificially with them whereby they are made more pleasant and gratefull to the palate and bowells yet if they be a little holden in the mouth or compressed with the tongue or teeth before deglution they will not onely affect the sense with an ill tast but also as it were incite the horrour and subversion of the ventricle all Pills are bitter save a few Pilularum sapor ingratus as those that are prescribed to Coughs which are not presently devoured but kept long in the mouth that they may melt and be swallowed by little and little and these are not so properly called Catapotia or pills as pastills or trochiskes The bitternesse of Pills is attributed especially to Aloes which is their very basis and which can scarce be assumed otherwise because of its egregious amaritude and because of its viscidity whereby it conjoynes powders and compels them into pils Now this bitterness is increased by the commixtion of other ingratefull things as of Coloquintida Agarik Senny and other purgative Medicaments which will be so much the more unacceptable to the Palate by how much more bitter ingredients are admixed as are pills made of Coloquintida Aloes Agarick Scammony and Gum Arabick which Galen prescribes to purge many kinds of Excrements Cap. 14. lib. 5. Method Now there are many kinds of Pills Pilularum magna varietas partly drawn from the diversity of the members to which they are destinated and partly from the diversity of humours which they draw from the parts some are called Capitall pils which purge flegme out of the head as Cochiae and such as are made of Agarick others Opticall because they consist of many things that are thought good for the eyes as Pil. Lucis majoris minoris others stomachicall as pils before meat and made of Rhubarbe others Artheticall which educe humours from the Articles from the diversity whereof some are called Phlegmagogall which purge Phlegme others Cholagogall which purge Choller other Melanagogall which purge and move Melancholicall succe from their operation they are said to loose the belly by astringing as Pils of Rhabarb and Myrobolanes or by moderate drawing as Pils of Agarick or by drawing and expurging together as pils of Euphorbium The greatest part of simples to be mixed in the Confection of the lumpe for Pils should be beaten into small powder Pilularum compositio ut rectò fiat then put into honey despumed or into the slimy matter of Tragaganthum dissolved in some convenient succe or rather into some convenient syrup which hath some viscidity fit to make the confused seeds stick in the mixture and not gape for siccity that also the simples may be fermented being included in such a mixture and that their faculty may not so soon exhale for this cause saith Sylvius all kinds of Pils should be comprehended in cocted honey for being comprehended in water or succe they do not cohere but like bread made of bran they are presently exficcated made friable and decay But if Pills admit gumms and inspissated juices those juices should be mollifid before in some thine Liquor be moved with a hot Pestell and then be put to the mixture of the powders and last of all be confusedly mixed with as much honey or other viscid humour as the mixture requires that it may be made into dough or a soft lumpe for it will daily harden which after two or three dayes must be liniated with
a little oil of Almonds and then obvolved in fine leather or some thin bladder it must at last be reposed in a tinne or leaden box When a part of that masse is to be used Crassâ—ties pilularum qualis esse debeat it must answer a definite Dosis and if need be be beaten with a fit juice that it may be mollified and pills may thereof be made greater or lesser or mean as we desire they should stay more or lesse time in the belly Pills Pilulae validiores quando jumendae that draw humour strongly from the head or other remote parts should be exhibited foure or five houres after a slender supper or about midnight and it is good to sleep after they be assumed Such as purge benignly Benignae quando may be safely swallowed an houre or two before any meale such as are in a mean are most safely used upon a jejune stomack in the morning Halfe a dramme is enough to move the belly Pilularum dosis often a whole dram is given of the valid to purge more potently and to strong bodies a dram and half which purge grosse humours some there are who are averse to all pills others to none some will assume none but the greater sort others none but little ones in a spoon with much syrup many will scarce assume any unlesse they be involved in cherryes or the skins of dry grapes some will swallow them hidden in the yolk of an egge or in the leaves of spinage or lettices cocted others will swallow then after some other manner for their ingratefull sapour hath invented a thousand wayes to assume them CHAP. XV. Of Trochisks SOme Medicaments are from the forme of little wafers called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as it were little round bread like lupines or sometimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Pastills Orbicles and they are thus formed for the Medicaments conservation and sometimes correction for Medicaments are more safely kept in that solid forme than in powders Yet they must be pulverated for use Pilulae bechicae if they cannot be assumed whole such onely excepted as by some are called Bechicall pills which must melt in the mouth for Trochisks of Scilla and vipers in in the confecture of a Treacle lose the forme of pastills and are pulverated And they are made of Medicaments for the most part dry or beaten and dissolved with wine water or other liquor till they acquire the consistency of pills and then they are formed into orbicles and then dryed in a shade before they be reposed in boxes where they may be kept a whole year sometimes two or three especially if they admit of Opium in their confection or any valid Medicament whose strength is not easily dissipated Trochisks therefore because of their obdurity and density do preserve very long that strength of those Medicaments whereof they consist and they more easily resist the injury of the air which Powders cannot do but being very small condescend to the air and are therewith easily changed yet are not all Trochisks made of Powders but some of Medicaments which cannot be pulverated as Scilla and vipers flesh Neither are Trochisks onely introsumed but also externally applyed those that are assumed at the mouth as they may be made of every kind of Medicaments so do they receive from Medicaments their roborating purging and altering faculties those are said to roborate which having respect to a particular place augment its strength as Trochisks of Galliae Moschatae roborate the brain Trochisciroborantes of Terra lemnia the heart of Rhabarbe the Liver of Diarrhodon the ventricle of Capers the spleen such as are confected of Catharticks retain the strength of their simples and by moving the belly Purgantes expell the humours as Trochisks of Agarick Alhanhal and of Rhabarbe we judge the same of altering Trochisks Alterantes which by their opposite quality change any distemper as cold hot or hot cold dry moist or moist dry Neither do we want Trochisks for externall affections as those which from their forme colour and Author are called white Trochisks of Rhases and many other which are grinded on a marble that Sief may be made for Collyries to many affections of the eyes The peculiar Confection of Trochisks shall be more largely explained in our book intitled the shop it rests now that we treat of those Medicaments which are only externally applyed THE SECOND SECTION OF THE THIRD BOOK Wherein is delivered a general explication of external Medicaments CHAP. I. Of Oils AS all Diseases are either internally generated or externally annexed so all Remedies that are prescribed to them are either internal of which we have largely heretofore treated or external to which we shall now speak And we shall begin our explication of local Medicaments with Oil which by right vindicates the first place to it self because the Apothecary may want many Medicaments but scarce Oil at all Gal. cap. 3. lib. 6. simpl med Oleum alimentum est medicamentum For it is not onely brought to the table because it is sweet and expressed out of mature Olives for hereunto we understand the denomination of Oil properly attributed but the very basis of Unguents Plaisters and Sear-cloaths and the common bond of those Simples whereof they are confected And because it is of it self temperate or hot and moyst in the first degree or as Galen saith cap. 25. lib. 3. simpl medic because it is a medium betwixt hot and cold moyst and dry Medicaments it helps lassitude and wearisomeness leniates asperities mollifies and cleanses the squalid skin and both wholsomely and pleasantly cures many affections which he mentioneth cap 6 7. lib. 2. simpl medic Now Oils which are frequently used Oleorum differentiae are either simple or compound those are simple which are homogeneal and receive nothing from Art but extraction which is made without the mixture of other things Pallas inventrix olei After which manner Minerva first educed Oil and taught that Art as Diodorus writes for before her Garden there was an Olive tree unknown to all as also the use of Oil which before that time no man had taught how to educe And almost all Oils drawn out by expression are simple as Oils simply so called which is expressed out of mature Olives Omotribes Oleum omotribes or Omphacinum which is of unripe Olives as also Oil of Almonds Wallnuts and other Fruits as other Oils educed out of Seeds which differ even as the Seeds for hot Oil is extracted out of hot Seeds and cold out of cold Seeds Yet all Oils are somewhat changed with age and because of the dissipation from the watry part that which is hot becomes hotter and the cold refrigerates more slowly for old Oil according to Galen cap. 6. lib. 1. compos medic secundum gener hath power to extenuate which is an effect of heat Oil also according to the
diversity of the Fruit out of which it is extracted as being mature or immature and according to the manner of preparation and alteration induced by Art acquires another and different quality and efficacy in alteration As for example Oleum ovorum Oil of Egs yolks though it be not perfectly mixed yet by losing some humidity by its preparation it is more hot and dry and is a Medicine most usefull in smoothing the skin and curing an impetiginous itching and other affectious of the skin as also some fistulous and malign ulcers The same quality happens to all expressed by the force of the fire from which they perpetually retain their acquired heat Olei amygdalini facultas And when Oil of Almonds is thus extracted it is onely extrinsecally applyed when without fire it is sucked up like a gratefull Lohoch to ease the asperity of the rough artery and coct and move Spittle so that it is oft given with a little Sugar to Children that are troubled with coughing or that have any distillation from the brain to the lungs without any purging Medicaments especially without anodynal Medicaments That Oils may be extracted the Fruits and Seeds should first be purged and the Apothecaries do ill that extract Oil out of Almonds before decortication The Seeds cleansed are brayed with a pestel Olea exprimendi modus after contusion they are put into a pan and set upon the fire and stirred pretty long that they may calefy then are they involved in a rough cloth and subjected to a wooden press till by valid compression the Oils be expressed Those that we would educe without the help of fire or heat must after they be bruised very small be presently put into the press that the Oil may exude by drops Petreol which is educed out of Salt-petre from whence it hath its denomination takes place amongst simple Oils But our purpose is to treat of such as are made by Art Liquidambor and Balsam also are simple Oils which distill by drops out of the incisions of forreign Trees But more of this in our Shop Some simple Oils also are distilled sometimes as well by ascent as by descent as out of Juniper Guaiacum Cloves and such like Olea educta per ascensum descensum both wood and dry Fruits which being put into a pot Oil ascends into the vessel above by virtue of the fire set under or descends into the vessel set under by virtue of the fire above Yet are not all Oils extracted by descent nor alwayes by the help of the fire for Oil may easily exude out of Tartarum and Myrrhe included in a bag and suspended in a moyst place as in a Wine-cellar Of all which manners of educing Oils more elsewhere But compound Oils wherewith the Apothecary should be especially furnished are such in which the matter of stocks fruits flowers and of any simple is infused and macerated After which the whole is insolated till the strength of the matter remain in the Oil which is afterwards expressed and reposed After this manner are made the Oil of Violets Roses St. Johns wort Water-lillies and many more which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Unguenta and especially those which may be inspissated by the admistion of gums and odoriferous things whence they are called Myropolitans or Unguentarians who sold such Oils and Unguents as were suaveolent with whom any fragrant Oil was taken for an Unguent as Unguents for Oils We scarce approve of their opinion which call onely them simple Oils which are made of Flowers Fruits or other Simples infused macerated and insolated in Oil of Olives and those compound Oils which are cocted on a slow fire with wine water infusion or convenient decoction till almost all the admixed humour be assumed for those seem no less but rather more compound than these because not onely the total power of the things infused but a good portion of the substance in which it inheres remains with the Oil after expression in the former Hence that Oil which partakes of no excess but is temperate is such perpetually from the condition of the thing infused which if cold then is the Oil cold if hot hot if it have the power to exsiccate then will the Oil exsiccate Such Oils as are educed by expression onely Quibus vasis olea servanda or by maceration and expression together may be most safely kept if reposed in vessels of glass or clay perfectly before hardned with the valid heat of a fornace But such as are educed by distillation whether by ascent or descent which are commonly called Chymists essences must alwayes be kept in solid glass vessels with strait orifices close covered left their substance and quality being dissipable soon expire CHAP. II. Of Vnguents UNguents as Galen testifies cap. ult lib. 7. simpl med were called by the Antients Oily Medicaments confected of suaveolent spices and according to Actuarius cap. 1. lib. 5. meth are onely externally applyed and being onely spread along are thought to benefit but such parts as cannot endure other remedies such parts as Oribasius cap. 27. lib. collect saith are grieved with Cataplasms and hurt with fluent madefactions Now Unguents are of a grosser consistency than Oils and a mean betwixt Oils and Plaisters as Liniments betwix Oils and Unguents for a more liquid Unguent is called very often a Liniment Unguenta cur dicta inventa of the confection and use whereof we shall treat more at large in the fifth Chapter And because the consistency of Unguents Liniments and Sear-cloaths do not much differ they are used sometimes indistinctly for that is called a Liniment wherewith the parts to be helped are liniated that an Unguent wherewith they are anointed and that a Sear-cloth which made of Wax and Oil is applyed The Arabians under the name of Unguents oft comprehend Sear-cloaths and Plaisters and many thick Oils and the antient Greeks all well smelled Ointments so Dioscorides lib. 1. calls many sweet Oils Unguents and Hippocrates lib. 1. de medic affirms that Physicians should not onely get fame and glory of the Vulgar by the good constitutions of their bodies and decent Ornaments but by sweet Unguents that is by aromatical and suaveolent things Yet for clearer explications sake they are distinguished from one another and an Unguent properly is an Oily Medicament Unguentum quid of a middle consistency betwixt Oils and Plaisters which yet doth not still remain alike for when heat is more vehement the unctious and fat matter melts more and the Unguents become more liquid and soft and when the heat is weaker more solid and therefore Unguentarians use to put less Oil in Summer and more in Winter to their Unguents for cold inspissates a fluent Unguent as Oil it self which Galen observes cap. 1. lib. 8. comp med gener in the composition of his stomachical Sear-cloth Now that proportion of Oil must be observed in the confection of Unguents
flowers are onely three Cordiales tres to wit of Violets Bugloss and Borrage which if they be such are then most effectual when recent and retentive of their colour and odour for when they are dry insipid and inodorous they have either quite lost or much weakned their qualities And indeed the qualities of all flowers perish with their odour sapour and colour But I am of opinion that Roses which of all flowers retain their suavity longest as also all such as by their gratious odour exhilarate the spirits are most cordial for all suaveolent flowers whether herbal as the Lilly of the Valley or arbustal or arboral as the flowers of Orange trees are cordial and may with success be used in medicinary business The flowers of Chamemile Melilote and Anise are accounted cordial but I prefer as more excellent the flowers of Oranges Jasmine Deluce Sage Rosemary Betony Clove-gilliflowers and many others which with their fragrancy delight the nose and recreate the spirits The hairs or capillary herbs are five â—erbe capillares quinque Maidens-hair commonly called Mompiensian hair common Adiantium Polytricum Citrarch or Wall-fern Rue on the wall without all reason called Salvia vitae to which we may adde Epithymum and Woodbind The common mollifying herbs are four Mallows Marsh mallows Emmollientes berbae octo black Violet Garden Bear-foot or brank Ursine whereunto four more are adjoyned Mercury Pelitory of the wall Beet and Arache all which are used in making the decoction of Clysters and laxative Cataplasms There are many pretious Fragments Fragmentae pretiosa quinque but five artificially in use among Physicians as of Saphire Granate Emerald Hyacinth Sardis The Vulgar know onely four kinds of Cordial Waters and cannot be perswaded to a fifth to wit of Endive Succory Bugloss and Borrage but I finde eight besides these that are more cordial to wit the Water of Carduus Scabiose Marigold Devils bit Wood-sorrel Goats-beard Sorrel and Water-lillyes Some conduce to the roboration of the brain Quatuor aquae cephalicae and are therefore called Cephalical Waters which are four to wit the Water of Betony Balm Roses and Orange tree flowers There are also in Shops four hot Unguents as Ung. Aregon Quatuor unguenta calida quatuor frigida Martiatum Altheae and Agrippae and as many frigid ones to wit Ung. Album Rosatum Populeum Citrinum CHAP. XV. Of succedaneous Medicaments PHysicians should not use Succedaneous Medicaments unless they be thereunto compelled either having not knowledge or having not trial of the requisite Medicament yet an Apothecary by the Medicks advice may substitute a convenient Medicament instead of another that is so rare as it cannot be had or so dear as it cannot be purchased yet so that the succedaneous be in species kinde and virtue very similar and answerable to the deficient and if it may be a simple Medicament should be put for a simple and a compound for a compound as A Plant for a Plant A Root for a Root A Bark for a Bark Seed for Seed Liquor for Liquor Gum for Gum Rosine for Rosine Oil for Oil Mineral for Mineral Salt for Salt Earth for Earth Stone for Stone Gem for Gem Metal for Metal Animal for Animal Part for Part. The same Law must be observed in compounds but not so strictly for powder must be put for powder eclegme for eclegme electuary for electuary syrup for syrup Yet there is often such affinity in quality betwixt Medicaments of different consistencies that a substitution may be easily admitted For if any hath an aversation to a bechicall eclegme he may without danger assume syrup of jujubs and he that refuses pills why may he not assume some other catharticke of equall vertue in a potion Thus Physicians do oft indulge their Patients by prescribing liquids to such as nauseate solids and on the contrary Yet a simple Medicament is not always substituted for a simple one for since one can scarce find two simples alike in all things for the want of one to which no single one responds we substitute two or more whose concourse exhibite the similar vertues whether in elementary qualities as heat cold humiditie and siccitie or in secundary qualities which follow the modification of the matter For it is enough if the substituted Medicament effect that which the genuine and deficient promised For one that wants a rare and precious Medicament calefying or refrigerating in the seoend degree and hath other two the one hot or cold in the third degree the other in the first may by putting these two together acquire one accommodate to his purpose to wit calefying or refrigerating in the second recesse which rule is of use in mixing attenuating incrassating and other simples But because the soile and the heavens change the qualities of simples as we have observed in the Persian tree we must with diligence observe which are fittest for substitution for there is much difference betwixt our flower deluce and that of Florence for their is Cephalicall and Bechicall our Phlegmagogous and strongly purgative And as Canary wine is more noble than Spanish and Spanish than French wine so the grapes from which they are expressed are of distinct qualities sapours and degrees of heat and therefore simples of the same kind and species have not alwayes got the same temperature and degree of qualities for what growes in a hotter soil is hotter and in a colder colder When therefore a Medicament is prescribed which because of its soil is hotter Quamado gradu tertio aut quarto calidum substituitur pro minnâ—â—alids and cannot be got another of the same kind may be substituted through the colder if in greater quantity For that which is hot in the fourth degree may be taken in such a quantity as it may only calefie in the third degree as for example if you take but about four grains of Euphorbium it will calefy onely in the third degree which in greater quantitie would calefy in the fourth and by how much you take lesse by so much it calefies lesse but every Medicament hath a determinate dosis else so small a portion might be given that though it were fire yet would it neither burn nor calefie and Cloves which are hot in the third degree if lesse than three grains of them be administred they calefy not to the third degree and so of all qualities in their degrees Now there are in every degree three parts or mansions Cujusque gradus tres partes beginning middle and end which are so constituted that the beginning of one degree coincidates with the end of another as the beginning of the fourth with the end of the fift So the end of Winter differs little from the beginning of the spring The usuall dosis of such as calefy in the fourth degree is of four grains whereof there being three mansions Dosis callidorum in quarto gradu the chief dosis which attains the end of
that same grade is of twelve grains that which attains the middle sixteen and the beginning twenty grains which is the dosis of such as calefy in the end of the third degree Wherefore when any want a Medicament that califies or frigifies in the end of the first degree he may substitute one that is calld or frigid in the beginning of the second degree he that wants a medicament hot in the end of the second degree may exhibit one that 's hot in the beginning of the third Now since the doses of compounds are deduced from simples according to the deficiency of any simple another may be substituted which is Analogicall to the deficient in the mixtion whereof if the aforesaid Lawes be observed the result in the compound will be no way deficient by substitution CHAP. XVI What Medicaments and when they are rightly substituted LEast our Pharmaceuticall treati should be defective or a patient destitute of praesidy when his auxiliatory Physician prescribes him something that neither the Pharmacopolitans shops nor gardens affoard we will here describe the supplements of such defects which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latins Succedanea Substituta or more vulgarly quid pro quo But as we before observed such substitutes should be similar What substitutes ought not to be allowed of iâ—vertue to those whose place they spply and whose vicegerents they are now if such cannot be found then those must be elected which differ in little and respond in many things For its absurd to call those succedaneous Vicegerents which are mdued with opposite not succedaneous and symbolicall qualities and they write without reason who substitute Euphorbium for Agarick Pellitory 〈◊〉 Sorrell and Melliote for a Quince for these have no affinity with each other But when some weaker are substituted in place of better their qualities must be augmented by quantity for quantity reduplicated recompenses the weakness of the quality as on the contrary if the substitute be too valid lesse quantity must be exhibited that thereby its rigour may be diminished Now this should not be done without the advice of some skilfull Doctor which many do not onely despise but themselves prescribe Medicaments to the great damage of their patients but such are for the most part unconstant importunate and talkative knaves who trimly apparelled intrude themselves to the sicks presence and deceive them with fair speeches I speake of that impious rabble who deceive the incautious vulgar but the skilfull and prudent who take nothing rashly but at a Phisicians advice and preception may substitute legitimate Vicegerents in the place of such as want or are decayed Those that without choice and care repose for genuine and good what ever Medicament comes first to their hands will make dangerous Medicaments and substitutions One was wont pleasantly to inculcate that of the Ninivite to such a busy fellow Saepe loco illius quid pono Least therefore any errour be committed in reposition of suppositories we shall here place the substitute in opposition to the deficient You may substitute For Wormwood Origanum or southernwood For Southernwood Origanum For The juice of Acaâ—ia The juice of Cistus or Hypocistis For Bears foot Mallowes For Acorus The root of folefoot or Radix Asari For The true Venus haire The Common For Ameos Anise seed For Amomus Acorus For Gum Amoniack Propolis For Bitter Almonds Persian nuts For Woolfs grease Weasels grease For Harts grease Goats grease For Alum Fossile salt For Althea Mallowes For Arsenick Sublimatum For rain-Rain-water Fountain water For Sea water Saltedwater For Anise Carret For Round Aristolochy Long. For The flower of Fomgranate The rind thereof For Balâ—â—â— Limpid Turpentines For Bâ—rrage Buglosse For Bettony Parsley For Spinach Arache For Butter Oyle For Calamus Arom Squinant For Cardamomum Cyperus For Calamintha Wild mint For Germander Ground pine For Cinamon Common Cassia For Cinabrium Red Lead For Juice of Citron Limmons juice For Daucus Creticus English carret seed For Dates Massilian figgs For Dittany Sage For A Bears tooth A hogs tooth For Diphryx Burned Brasse For Liquorice Raisons For Wallwort Elder For White Hellebore Elaterium For Blacke Hellebore Lapis Lazuli For Epithyme Epithymbrum For Eruca Erisimum For Agrimony Liverwort For Sea holly Oenone For Fenygreek Orobus For Fennell Smallage For Partridge gall Cothurnix gall For Verdigrease Rust For Fumitory Sowthistle For The hulls of Senny Twice as much of its leaves For Myrtle leaves Its berryes For Galangale Acorus For Galbanum Sagapenum For Gentian Tormentill For Liverwort Agrimony For Helecampare Flower deluce For Hysope Savoury For The juice of Cistus Acacia For Jasmins flowers Rormary Flowers For Jujubs Raisons For Sweet rush Cardomomum For Henbane Poppy For Lettice Garden Succory For Sorrell Black Violet For Laureola Misletoe For Lacca Storax For Sciatick Cresses Cretian Cresses For Loadstone The Phrygian stone For Mallowes Arach For Mandrake Poppy For Honey Sugar For Mumy Pissaphaltum For Spicnard Schaenanthum For Nep Wildmint For Nutmeg Cloves For Water-Lilly Lettice For Sheepsgrease Calfes marrow For Oyle Butter For The juice of unripe grapes Juice of Limons For Opium Lettice juice For Opobalsamum Oyle of Cloves For The juice of panax Gum Amoniake For Ryce Wheat meale For White thorn Gooseberry tree For Poppy juice Mandrake juice For Petty spurge Sea Lettice For Parsley Smallage For Plaintain Mouse-eare For Pompholyx Burned brass oar For Walwort Ground pine For Quinquenerve Plantain For Radish-seed Its juice For Rosemary Majoram For Gooseberryes * Berberryes For Rue Tansey For Sagapene Pyne gum For Sage Calaminthe For Elder Wallwort For Cantonicum Southernwood For New wine Sweet wine For Cuttlebone A pumick stone For Sutureia Thyme For Saxifrage Burnet For Houseleek Nightshade For White spike Lavander For Tansey Feverfew For Sowthistle Succory For Cuckow bread Sower dock For Thyme Satureia For Thimelaea Chamelaea For Tamariske Citrarch For Tussilage Lungwort For Garden Valerian Wild For Masculine betony The famale For White Hellebore Turpethum For Black Violet White For Red Wine White For Sweet Cassia Cynamon For Yylobalsum Radix Ligustici For Ginger Pepper For Civet Musck But because it seldom falls out that one can erre twice in a Medicine let junior Apothecaryes diligently beware least they substitute any thing without the Physicians advice if they do otherwise they may exhibite and sell spurious Medicaments for legititimate as I have 1000. times observed in some ignorant fellowes who without discretion substitute any simple which of its self is deficient CHAP. XVII Of Adulterate Medicaments MEns insatiable avarice hath rapt some to that heighth of iniquity that they exhibite Adulterate Medicaments for true and genuine the dignotion whereof is of great moment in making Medicaments and should be a Physicians and an Apothecaryes imployment accurately to learn that to be their patients may exhibited none but good which may conduce to their adjument and sanity not adulterate whose end is perill and languour These I thought meet
industrious dexterity have secured and many experiences have proved though the Antients either were ignorant of them neglected them or administred them unduely as now adayes many malevolent Circulators who kill innumerable with their Stibium that is ill prepared and exhibited in an undue dosis neither when nor to whom it is meet And that I may return to my purpose Quam varia catharticorum dosis some Catharticks are given onely in a small dosis as Colocynthis and Hellebor by a few grains or scruples others by drams as Rheum others by ounces as Manna Cassia Tamarinds A Dosis then denotes a quantity of a Medicament fit to be exhibited at once as when any Medicament of three or four ounces at the most is made into the form of a potion Decoction or distilled wherein we dilute Roboratives as Powders Antidotes and Cordial Confections or infuse Catharticks as Agarick or dissolve them as Catholicon or Diacarthamum whereof every one hath its peculiar dosis whereby it should be given in greater or lesser quantity as it is of weak or valid faculties But to describe every of these according to the nature and quality of every Medicament and body were to comprehend the whole method of Medicine CHAP. III. Of a purgative Potion EVery kinde of Medicaments may be given in any form but not so fit perhaps to cure a Disease or help any part The most usual form of such as free the passages of obstructions deduce the vessels Purgantia cur in forma potabili convenientiora and provoke monthly flowers and urine is liquid But those especially that are purgative require a more potable form for hereby they more promptly diffuse themselves more easily ingrede the small veins and more efficaciously deduce the humour inhering in those parts For one dram of a solid Medicament diluted with some humour Catharticum liquidum citius ducit will move the belly more than twice as much of it whole Wherefore when we say a purgative Medicament absolutely we mean a laxative Potion whose dosis should seldome exceed three ounces lest by moving the ventricle it be presently excluded by vomit Now purgative Potions are various according to the various nature of the Medicaments and humours to be educed For every humour except blood which is vacuated onely by the section of some vein or artery hath its proper eductive Cathartick that which purges Choler is called a Cholagogous that which purges Melancholy Melanagogous and Phlegm a Phlegmagogous Medicament And of each of these whether simple or compound are made purgative Potions when they are macerated infused dissolved or cocted in some fit liquor as to educe Choler thus ℞ of the roots of Succory Sorrel Liquorice an ʒ ij of Endive Cholagogon Fumitory Agrimony an m. ss of the three cordial Flowers an p. j. let a Decoction be made in a small quantity of water wherein infuse of Rhabarb ʒ ij ss of Orange colour'd Sanders ℈ ss dissolve in the expression Syrup of Violets ʒ vj. and make a potion thereof When a stronger Purge is required either you may augment the quantity of the things or take a stronger Medicament as this ℞ of Diaprun dissolved or Electuary of the juice of Roses ʒ iij. Alia potio validior let it be dissolved in ℥ iij. of the fore mentioned Decoction or of Endive water put to it of the syrup of Succory compounded with Rhabarb ℥ j. and make a Potion Phlegm may be deduced by many Medicaments as well simple as compound as well as Choler whereof I shall take these few prescriptions in stead of many examples ℞ Polypody of the Oak Grass roots Raisons stoned of each ʒ iij. of the seeds of Carthamus ʒ ij Germander Ground-pine Betony of each m. ss of Anise seed ʒ j. make a Decoction in which boyl on a slow fire of the leaves of Senny ʒ ij ss in the colature infuse of Agarick ʒ j. ss in the expression dissolve of the syrup of white Roses ʒ j. make a Potion thereof In such a Decoction after colation you may dilute of the Electuary of Diacarthamus ʒ iij orʒ ss of the syrup of damask Roses ℥ j. that it may be a Potion Senny Rhabarb and Polypody vacuate flegm also and so do Turbitum Carthamus seed Colocynthis Widow-wail Veratrum album white Hellebor the seed and root of Wall-wort Benedicta Laxativa and Diaphoenicum whereof a perite Artificer may make various purgative Potions Melancholy also hath its peculiar Catharticks as Epithymum Melancholiam quae ducunt Azure stone Senny black Hellebor and amongst the compounds the Confection Hamech Catholicum Diasenna and King Sabor's syrup Of one or more whereof dissolved infused or cocted in some convenient liquor a purgative Medicament may be confected as thus ℞ Barks and roots of Capers and Tamarisks roots of Bugloss Melanagogon optimum Liquorice Raisons and Currens of each ʒ iij. of whole Barley ʒ ss Cateras Maiden hair Marigolds Borrage of each m. ss of the three cordial Flowers of each p. j. of which make a Decoction wherein infuse Senna ℥ ss sweet Fennel seeds ʒ j. in the Colature dissolve syr Regis Saboris ℥ j. make it into a Potion Or ℞ Liquorice Raisons stoned an ʒ iij. Jujubs nu vj. Epithymus Spleenwort tops of Hops Wood sorrel Fumatory an m. 〈◊〉 Broom flowers p. ij make a Decoction in which dissolve Confectio Hamech ʒ j. ss Diasenna ʒ ij syrup of Violets ʒ vj. or ◠j. make it into a Potion Catholicum also is usefull to purge Melancholy Catholicum polychrestum est for being universally commodious to purge any noxious humour it easily accommodates it self to those wherewith it is mixed as if it be mixed with Rhabarb it purges Choler if diluted in the decoction of Senny o◠mixed with the confection of Hamech it purges Melancholy CHAP. IV. Of Juleps THE acception of Julep and Syrup with the Arabians is almost one and the same for they confound them together and speak of them under the same head or Chapter understanding nothing more by an absolute Julep than Sugar dissolved in Rose water and cocted to the consistency of a Syrup But we speaking more distinctly treat of them both but in several Chapters and Books to wit of Syrups which should be inspissated by a longer coction in our Officine but of Juleps which should be but lightly cocted and presently assumed in this our Book of Medicinal Receipts Now Julep is a Persian word Julep quid signifying a sweet Potion which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and they make it of any distilled dulcorate water as of Syrups of the juice or decoction of Simples elixated with Sugar or Honey to a more crass consistency Serapio that he might eschew the insuavity of all odour and sapour confected a Julep or rather Hydrosacharum of Water and Sugar onely which he calls a simple Syrup Avicenna to conciliate more suavity adds thereto a third part of rose-Rose-water Mesue
takes not onely water but confects Juleps of juices infusions and decoctions And the vulgarity of men call all limpid dulcorate Potions Julens whether they be made of distilled waters onely or of the decoction of a few sweet simples and much water percolated clarified Julepus zizyphorum and dulcorated such as the Julep or rather Syrup of Jujubs for when it is made of a hundred great Jujubs and four pounds of water cocted to the half and one pound of sugar it acquires a more crass consistency than a Julep and therefore when it comes to be used it requires dilution in simple water cocted or in a Prisane whereas a Julep is limnid enough of it self And that same Syrup which from its frequent use there derives its name from Alexandria Syrupus Alexandrinus is improperly called a Julep since it is as much inspissiated by coction and as long kept as any Syrup Now the Julep of Roses is right made when it consists of rose-Rose-water with half as much Sugar cocted almost to the crassitude of a Syrup or little less if it be presently to be assumed as vulgar Juleps Julepus rosatus qui fiat which are made for present use of Sugar or some Syrup with thrice its quantity of water as â„ž The water of Endive â„¥ iij. Syrup of Limons â„¥ j. mingle them Thus Juleps should be of a more liquid consistency that they may be percolated but those that are longer cocted or receive onely a double quantity of Water to their Sugar as the syrup of Roses Syrupus Rosareus Rondeletii according to Rondeletius or an equal weight of both according to Sylvius are because of their crassitude scarce fluid and admit not of percolation Therefore according to the different coction and quantity of Water to the Sugar it will be a Syrup if both be equal or a Julep if three parts of Water be put to one of Sugar according to Loubertus Since Juleps are easy to make I shall onely describe one or two forms â„ž of the waters of Fumatory and Wood sorrel an â„¥ ij of Sugar â„¥ j. boyl them on a gentie fire till one ounce be consumed make it into a Julep for one dose An Hypnotical Julep to conciliate sleep may be thus made â„ž The water of Water lillyes Ê’ ij of Betony â„¥ j. Syrup of Poppyes simple â„¥ j. drink it at the hour of sleep which is at nine of the clock at night CHAP. V. Of distilled Restoratives ALL analeptical and restorative Medicaments which refocillate the habit of the body absumed by long disease or hunger which are prescribed to resartiate the vigour of the faculties weakned with languor are not onely taken from medicinal but alimental matter For whereas they conduce partly to the nutriment of the body and partly to the cure of the part affected it is manifest by reason that they should be endued with various qualities Now they are called distilled Medicaments Distillata cur dicta because they are distilled drop by drop from an Alembick into a subjected Vessel and Restoratives because they are extracted from nutritive flesh from Conserves Cordial Powders and all such things as either by their odour or substance refresh the spirits or roborate the principal parts Many disapprove of the custome of the ancients who distilled the raw flesh of Capons or Partridges purged from their bones and fatnesse together with the powders and conserves for seeing raw flesh is hardly concocted and the faculty of the powders easily and dissipable with what reason are these mixed especially seeing that the water first distilling from the crude flesh corrupts soon they seem to do better that put the flesh halfe cocted and its own juice into the Alembick with the other materialls Neither do we approve of their action Catenarum aurcarum decoctio non utilis who coct golden chains together with the flesh seeing nothing of them is dissolved nor yet extracted from them save that filth they have contracted by touching Their custome is more laudable who cast filings of Gold into coction as the Apothecaryes of Paris use to do who spare no cost that they may confect their restoratives and other compounds well This solemn and excellent distillation may be thus accomplished â„ž Of the broth of one Capon and 2. Partridge lb. ij of the waters of Buglosse Wood Sorrell and Water-Lillyes of each as much as will suffice of the Conserve of violets succory and roses of each â„¥ ij Pulveris Diamargariti frigidi Electuarii triasantali diarrhodonis Abbatis an â„¥ j. Troches of Camphor â„¥ ij filings of GoldÊ’ j. ss put them all into an Alembeck and after convenient maceration let them be distilled according to Art The description of another distillation excellent against hot and malignant feavers â„ž Of the waters of Wood sorrell Goates-beard Carduus Succory of each â„¥ iiij Cock broth lb. j. Conserve of Water-Lillyes Roses of each â„¥ j. Treacle â„¥ ss of the powder of the roots of Angelico and Termentill of eachÊ’ ij Dictamus â„¥ j. Carduus and Citron-seeds of eachÊ’ ij Sage and Orange flowers of each p. iij. put all these into a still and according to Art proceed to the distillation You may adde to a portion of this same distillation when you would use it some fit liquor as the juice of Lemmons or Orenges with a little common sugar or conserve of Roses if the sick desire it CHAP. VI. Of Decoction or Apozemes GErmany indeed that I may a little decline from the rode is happy in that it is not only a nursery of famous men but a treasure also of precious things Yet as the frugiferous tree brings forth with fragrant Apples blasted blossomes and sometimes pestiferous fruits so hath she produced a very Monster in nature I mean that Pseudomedick Paracelsus who professed the Devill the Authour of his Medicine calling his characters and words the Devils Art our syrups and decoctions mans inventions Herophilus the ancient Philosopher denoted these as also all Medicaments with more sanctity calling them the Auxiliatory hand of the Gods which being indued with divine and admirable faculties are able to cure the diseased and preserve the sound body Upon this account Heraclitus famous also amongst Philosophers was wont to call sacrifices Medicaments because they like some praepotent Physick purge the soul as medicaments do the body Cael. Rhod. cap. 2. lib. 12. The Impostor said truely when he called decoctions mans medicaments for herewith the quality of the peccant humours is tempered many pains eased the violence of the untimely guest death abated the acerbity of the symptomes mitigated and the parts reduced to their native bonity and vigour for they are made of all kinds but especially of alterative and roborative Medicaments wherein sometimes some benign purgative simples are infused in small quantity for it were absurd to call any blackish ingratefull laxative decoction wherein much Senny or half an ounce of some electuary as Catholicum or some lenitive hath
therefore seem much to be deceived who think that emulsions serve to nothing save the cure of the virulent flux of the sperme for in many things they may be used instead of Apozems and Hordeates when they are confected of brayed seeds which refrigerate leniate move urine or conciliate sleep upon which in the time of contrition either a Ptisane or decoction of such simples as conduce to that purpose must be superfused as when purged Almonds and Artichocks with the decoction of jujubs and dry grapes are contunded for the asperity of the jawes the frigid seeds with the decoction of Lettices and of the flowers of Water-Lillyes for the heat of the bowells and the same seeds with the decoction of the roots of seeds of Althea Liquorice and Figgs for the Acrimony of urine The quantity of the decoction must be augmented or diminished according to the quantity of the seeds an emulsion should neither be absolutely crasse nor absolutely liquid but in a mean betwixt the consistency of Apozems and Syrups like the more limpid Amygdalates which in colour and sapour differ not much from emulsions but they are somewhat more crasse as Hordeates are denser than Amygdalates Syrups than Hordeates Eclegmes than Syrups and Electuaryes than Eclegmes These are the best descriptions of Emulsions for the diseases of the breast and lungs â„ž An Emulsion to allay the heat of the stomach Of sweet Almonds blanched â„¥ j. Pine kernells not rancid â„¥ ss the 4. greater Coole seeds of eachÊ’ iij. beat them in a stone morter and with a pint of the decoction made of Jujubs and Raisons conquass them together dulcorate it with â„¥ 4. of sugar for 4. doses To extinguish the ardour of the reins and abate the Acrimony of urine â„ž To allay the heat of the urine The 4. greater Coole seeds of each â„¥ ss the seeds of Lettice and white poppyes of eachÊ’ ij bruise them well in a marble morter and mix with them one pinte of water or Ptisan in the Colature dissolve syrup Nimphaea â„¥ iij. forÊ’ doses This following Emulsion conduces to the cure of the virulent flux of the sperme after other universall remedyes â„ž Water Lentills Lettice seed of eachÊ’ ij Purslain and Plantain seed of eachÊ’ j. the 4. greater Coole seeds of each â„¥ ss beat them in a stone morter powring on Barley water lb j. ss add sugar of Roses â„¥ iiij for 5. or 6. doses To be taken two houres before meales CHAP. IX Of Amygdalates ALmonds are either bitter which are solely Medicinall or sweet which are partly alimentall partly Medicamentall Of these a certain potion is confected white as milk which Physicians prescribe to feaverish and pectorall affections for though Almonds according to Paulus Aegyn lib. 7. de re Med. and Oribasius cap. 2. lib. 2. Synopseos be moderately hot or rather temperate yet being brayed and diluted in water their fervour is abated and by a certain inciding and attenuating faculty purge the breast and bowells Actuar cap. 7. de spirit animal nut now of their cremour may be made a certain sorbicle which doth both nourish and lenify the asper Artery and facilitate the projection of such humours as are contained in the breast which is thus made â„ž Of Almonds blanched â„¥ ij beat them in a stone morter and poure on lb ss of water addÊ’ vj. of sugar boyle them a little on the fire and afterwards let it be given Some adde to the mixture two or more grains others refuse How Amâ—gdalates are made it may be administred at any time especially to such as love not pottage or broath but it is most frequently given at the houre of sleep and then you may put to it a little of the seed of white Poppy or Lettice especially if it be prescribed to a sick man that cannot sleep Some bray Almonds with warme water and so by the addition of a little sugar make it up without fire and so give it But it s better to bray them with luke-warme water and afterwards elixate them after the usuall manner the quantity of sugar should be augmented or diminished as the condition of the affection requires for as sweet things are bechicall and most accommodate to the affections of the breast Lungs so by how much the Amygdalate is more obdulcorated with sugar by so much it is more convenient to them by how much its lesse obdulcorated by so much fitter for the feaverish This sweet potion is very common at Lutetia Amygdalata Lutetiâ—e usitatissima in so much that the very women make of it daily so that their Medicks never describe any receipt but bids the Apothecary make an amygdalate leaving the materialls to his arbitration A greater quantity both of sugar and Almonds must be put in the confection that 's made for such as love solids lesse of each and more of water for such as love liquids CHAP. X. Of the Antients Ptisane or Hordeate THe vulgar Ptisane is a potion made of Liquorice-water and a little barley and often without the Ancients Ptisane is a meat made of select barley decortticated with grinding and water hence Ptisana from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to grinde and decorticate Hordeati praeparatio by Galens advice cap. 2. lib. de Ptisana the barley should be fat partaker of no adventitious quality neither too new nor too old nor yet wrinckled which Barley thus selected must be macerated in water then brayed in a morter that the exteriour shell and all glumosity may be excussed then rubbed with ones hands washed and purged from the bran then dryed and kept and when use calls for it then must a part of it be cocted in twelve times as much water on a slow fire till it swell to the height depose all flatuosity Antiquorum Ptisana and become a smooth continuall equall and lubricall juice thus the Ancients at first cocted their Ptisane and exhibited it to the sick yet some of them mixed with it boyled wine or honey or cummin and others a little oil vineger and salt but we being more delicate add none of these but onely sugar and sometimes a few Almonds and as we retain not the mixture of the Ancients so neither do we keep the name calling that a hordeate which Hippocrates and Galen called a Ptisane and it s thus made at Lutetia â„ž The best Barley well purified â„¥ ij boyle it upon a gentle fire in cleere water till the barley begins to swell pour off the water and let fresh be poured on then boyle it upon a cleare fire for four or five houres afterwards straine it add to the colatureÊ’ vj. of sugar afterwards boyle it againe and so make use of it For thus your Hordeate will be more crasse and nutritive in Italy they do not boyl it after colature and it is more liquid and more greedily assumed by some patients but it nourisheth not so much and therefore is assumed not only once a day
make it up into a paste but know that if you put a little too much syrup to it you will make its consistence more liquid and so instead of paste make an opiate CHAP. XVII Of Mazapane MAzapane or Marchypane is a confection so named by the more recent which is a most frequent junket for it is most gratefull to the gust and nourishes very much wherefore it is prescribed to the macilent and such persons as are vexed with any preternaturall affection in the breast or Lungs Many bechicall and sweet ingredients go to this confection as sugar pistack-nutts pine-kernells and other sweet fruits which brayed and accurately subacted with simple or rose-water become a masse whereof wafers or morsells Marcipanis quibus constet as Rondelet calls them are concinnated which are gently cocted in an Oven till of red they become yellow and acquire a competent hardnesse The vulgar manner of this confecture with the dulciaryes is most simple as being made onely of Almonds rose-rose-water and sugar But Apothecaries by a Physicians advice adde something to these which hath respect to some one part which tempers some noxious humour and by its nutritive as well as Medicinall faculty preserves as well as resartiates sanity The most usuall and pleasant confection of Mazapane is this ℞ Sweet Almonds decorticated ℥ iij. Pistakes ℥ j. Marcipanis optimus bruise them very well in a morter with a little Rose-water add thereunto the finest sugar lb ss fiat pasta which you may make into what forme you please Marchepane after this manner is usuall also and very accomodate to expell flatuosity ℞ Pistakes ℥ j. blanched Almonds ℥ ij Anifeseedʒ i. Cinamon ℈ i. after they are finely beaten add of the finest loafe sugar four ounces and so make it up into a paste which if by too much water it be too liquid let it fervefy in a bason on a slow fire till it be more crasse then make Marchpane which dry a little in the Oven after bread hath been extracted Those little long masses of bread which are confected of flower and thrice or four times as much sugar with a little Coriander Panis biscoctus and a small portion of eggs subacted together may by some affinity be referred hither which they commonly call Biskakes But I would not put my sickle into another mans harvest therefore I will leave these sweet breads to the confectioners CHAP. XVIII Of Piniolates or Pignolates ANother kind of paste is made almost after the same manner which the Neotericks call Piniolate or Pignolate because it s made of Pine kernells cleansed and immerged in melted sugar and cocted to the consistency of condite sugar But that the Pine kernells may depose all their rancour they should be macerated a whole day or half at least in water and Rose-water should be dropt into the confection for so it will be more gratefull to the gust as also to the smell if a grain of Muske be mixed therewith as we see in many junketts which are set at the head of the table the most usuall forme of confecting pineolates is this ℞ Of the finest sugar dissolved and cocted in Rose water till it be about the consistency of an Electuary lb ss mingle with ℥ ii of Pine kernells infused in water for the space of twelve houres afterward stir them together with a spatula that the whole masse may be subigated in the end add mosch ℈ i. and so make a paste whereof you may make Cylinders which repose and exsiccate on a paper that they may grew harder CHAP. XIX Of Pandalea THere is another kind of solid paste called Pandaleon which is by Rondeletius prescribed to the affections of the breast and lungs for it consists of many things that attenuate and coct viscid humours and move expectoration and all Pandaleas seem to be bechicall nothing differing from pectorall Ecclegmes and syrups save in consistency nor from solid Electuaryes save in externall forme for they are compounded made and cocted after the same manner onely solid Electuaries are harder and are rolled out into quadrate or long figures and Pandaleas are kept whole in a woodden box as conserves in a glasse or earthen vessell and when use calls for them they are cut with a spoon or knife and a piece thereof given to be retained in the mouth like so much Alphenix or bechicall Tablets that it may melt and go down like a lohoch It hath the same consistency and is kept in the like vessells as those same sugared confections or comfitures usuall and frequent in Spain which they call Marmelades They are made commonly of some sweet powder and sugar perfectly concocted in some convenient water that they may concrete Some conserves are sometimes added and a little honey if need require and such a Pandalcon how ever displeasing it may be to some mens palate is very good and is thus confected ℞ Pul Diaireos Salomonis ʒ i. diatrag frigid ℈ ii powder of yellow Sanders ℈ i. sugar dissolved in Coltsfoot-water ℥ iiij fiat Pandaleon which keep in Marmalet Boxes Some also make a Pandalcon of Pine kernells or Almonds decorticated and brayed with sugar or honey thus ℞ Pine kernells well cleansed and bruised ℥ i. Penidees ℥ ss clarified honey as much as will suffice to make it up into a sollid paste or Pandalcon CHAP. XX. Of Hypoglottidian Medicaments commonly called sublingues THe cough and stinch of breadth molest all that are neere us seeing the cough affronts their ears and the stinch their noses now certain bechicall and Aromaticall pastilles will cure both affections which from their round and long forme which Apothecaries put them in and that same quality which is predominant in them whereby they expectorate the humour causing coughing are called bechicall from the manner of their use Hypoglottidian and from the odour which they acquire by Mosche Moschardine Medicaments They are very pleasant which are thus confected ℞ Of the finest sugar ℥ j. ss Penidees ℥ ss orrisʒ ss yellow Sanders Cinamon of each ℈ i. mosch ℈ ss with musiladg of Gum Thragants made in Rose water make them up into a paste of which forme any figure long round or what will lye most conveniently under the tongue The description is both easy and good ℞ Sugar of Roses ℥ ii sugar Candy ℥ i. starchʒ i. spec diacinamon diamisi and orris of each ℈ i. mace ℈ ss Zivet gr vi with the musiladge of Gum Thraganth made in Balme water fiant Hypoglottides CHAP. XXI Of Tables or Tabuletts TAbells pertaine to solid Electuaries yea they are very Electuaryes being confected of powders and sugar perfectly cocted that their consistency may be harder and they longer and more securely preserved without damage and impairement The like quantity of sugar is required in confecting tables Sacchari quantitas in tabellis as of honey in liquid electuaries and in both the quantity is augmented or substracted as the validity or imbecillity of the
Electuaries faculty requires In purgative tables one dragm of powder must be put to an ounce of sugar duely cocted in water or other convenient liquour Portio Sacchari in tabellis purgantibus in roborative tables that they may be more gratefull to the palate more sugar is requisite as two ounces of sugar to every dragm of powder I shall onely hint here a little of tables in this book since I have Cap. 11. lib. 3. at large discoursed not onely of liquid Electuaryes but solid also and tabells in the description of such Medicaments as may be long preserved Yet that I may suggest the formes of all Medicaments to him that would confect them I will adde some few receipts of roborative tabells as ℞ Cordiall Tabulets Spec. Elect. diamarg. frigid de Gemmis anaʒ ss powder of the bone in the heart of a Hart ℈ ss Spodium ℈ i. with sugar dissolved in Rose water ℥ iii. make them into Tabulets ofʒ i. orʒ ii weight take one of them every morning fasting Such as are rich and begin to recover from some long disease or are any way troubled with palpitations and swoundings let them get these tabells confected ℞ Pul. Aureae Alexandrinaeʒ ss diacinam hyacinthor smaragdor pearle finely powdered of each ℈ i. Monoceros horn and Bezoar stone of each ℈ ss with sugar dissolved in Rose water ℥ iiii make them into little Tabuletts Those tabells they call Manus Christi are reducible to this head which are nothing else but Sacharum rosatum either simple as the common or more compound which admitts of Pearls in its confection and is called Manus Christi perlata which is thus confected ℞ Manus Christi perlata Of the whitest sugar dissolved in Rose water and cocted till above the consistency of a syrup ℥ ii pearl finely powderedʒ i. fiant Tabella CHAP. XXII Of Powders BEsides those powders kept in shops for future uses whereof we have spoken elsewhere there many others which are made for present use as the digestive powder which helps the frigidity of the ventricle Pulvis digestivus and the imbecility of the coctive faculty being confected of such Medicaments as are stomachicall roborative help concoction and dispell flatuosity and it is thus made ℞ The seeds of Dill and Coriander prepared of eachʒ ii Orange pill Conditedʒ i ss Pulvis flatus discutiens Cinamonʒ i. Mace Cloves of eachʒ ss sugard Candy ℥ ii or iii. make of these a powder Another Powder also of eximious power and vertue to roborate the ventricle and parts addicted to sanguification and dissipate flatuosity is thus confected ℞ The seeds of sweet Fennell and Coriander Condited of eachʒ i ss Squinant Calomus aromatic an ʒ ss Dianisi Diamargar frigid and Diacinamon of each ℈ i. A crust of Bread well toasted ʒ ii sugar ℥ ii make them into a powder Cordiall and Alexiteriall powders that roborate the principall parts and faculties in malignant feavers may be thus confected ℞ The roots of Angelico Tormentill of eachʒ ss A Cordiall Powder Ligni Aloes ℈ i. Citron seeds and Cinamon of each ℈ ss the bone in the heart of a Hart burnt Ivory the best pearle of each ℈ i. Monoceros horne Bezoar stone of each ℈ ss Dictamusʒ ss sugar of Roses ℥ i ss make of them a powder which must be taken fasting or long after meat with the water of Scordium or Carduus or some distilled restrative or other convenient liquor There are also topicall powders which are applyed to solidate wounds and implete ulcers with flesh of which in their place THE SECOND SECTION Of such as are either ingested or injected CHAP. I. Of Errhins ALL Medicaments are either assumed ingested or applyed Juleps Apozemes Syrups and all such as enter only at the mouth whereof we have before treated are assumed Errhins Suppositories and Clysters are ingested Unguents Salves Fomentations and many more whereof we shall now treat in order are applyed we begin with such as ingrede the body but not at the mouth but the nose privy parts or fundament and have their egresse where they made their ingresse Those which are immitted at the nose are thence called Errhins and vulgarly Nasalia those which are exhibited at the nose to purge the head are thence commonly called caputpurgia by the suffrage of Chyrurgicall Medicks They are constituted of Medicaments indued with a sharp and exterging faculty whereby the expulsive faculty being more validly excited moves and expells the humour lodged in the brain such as be the qualities of Bete Sow-bread wild Cucumber and the juice of Marjoram as also the powder of Euphorbium Hellebore and Pepper and of such like sharp Medicaments which snuffed up the nostrills move sternutation and purge the brain some also consist of astrictive and agglutinative Medicaments as those which are prescribed to stay a bloody flux They are given in divers formes either liquid which must be attracted by the nose or solid which must be ingested into the nostrills or pulverall which must be snuffed up A liquid Errhin is thus confected ℞ A l'quid Errhine Of the juice of the root of Beet and the leaves of majoran of each ℥ i. of the juice of Brank ursine and Sow-bread of each ℥ ss fiat Errhinum let a portion of it as ℥ ss be attracted in the morning up your nose again and again still keeping water in your mouth least the Errhin from the nose flowinto your mouth Some are given in forme of an unguent which they daub on the interiour part of the nostrills and they are good for such as are troubled with continuall headache with bad eyes Epilepsy and dulnesse of smell their bodyes bring first duely purged and they are made thus ℞ Of wild Cucumber Pellitory of each ℈ j. white Pepper An Erhine in the form of an Unguent Carpesium or Cubebs and stavesacre of each ʒ ss with a little oil of orris and wax make it up into a liniment A solid Errhine to stay the bleeding of ones nose is thus made ℞ Bole-Armenick Draggons blood of eachʒ j. Roses Balaustians of eachʒ ss and with a little whites of eggs well beaten make them up into the Consistency of a sollid Errhin or immerge therein a little Hares down or cotten and make it like a tent to be put up the nose in a pyramidall forme to which annexe a thread that you may extract it at your pleasure Ptarmicall or neezing powder when it s used for Errhins is thus described ℞ Hellibor both white and black of eachʒ i. Euphorbium ℈ ss dryed orrisʒ ss make of these a very fine powder let a small portion thereof be snuffed up the nose after a convenient Catharticke CHAP. II. Of Pessi or Pessaries BY the name Pessus or Pessarium we understand all those suppositoryes which are immitted into the privy parts which are by Hyppoerates called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as unguents plaisters roots or bruised hearbs and penicills but
de aliment Common salt or the powder of sal Gemme or Hiera or other simple or compound is sometimes added to honey This is the common suppository wherewith the excretive faculty is excited to its work ℞ An usuall suppository Honey ℥ ij common saltʒ ij or sal Gem. ℈ iiij boyle then on a gentle fire in a little pipkin to aperfect consistency and make a suppository of the longitude of a finger For one cannot coct so little honey as to make up one suppository with honey alone least so little quantity as would serve one glans be burned or cause the ignition of the vessell before it can acquire a tractable consistency This suppository is very good to kill the worms of the fundament and educe that phlegme whereon they feed ℞ Another for the wormes Aloesʒ i ss Agaricke Wormewood of eachʒ j. sal Gemm ʒ ss make of chese a powder to which add honey boyled to a consistency ℥ ij and according to art rowl them up into suppositories Let them be immerged in the oil of bitter Almonds or of Wormewood or in the gall of an Oxe till use calls for them For Infants they cut a piece of white sope like an acorn which they immit or sometimes the stalke of a Bete or Mercury dawbed with butter instead of a suppository for all these gently exonerate the belly CHAP. V. Of Glysters or Enemata GLyster or Clysmus is a word borrowed from the Greeks signifying ablution as Enema injection and both are used for the same thing for ablution cannot be in the belly but by injection of some thing which by the fundament is immitted to the intestines to excite the excretive faculty to mollify the bardness of the belly to alter the intemperature to ease the dolour to discuss the flatuosity to cohibit the fluour and kill and expell the worms in the intestines Glysters are instituted for many more effects also The commodities that ensue Glysters for no part in the body almost but it receives solace from them Com. ad Aph. 17. lib. 18. if dolour possess the head if lippitude the eyes if strangulation the jaws if suffocation the breast if inflation the belly if inflammation the reins if dissury or ischury the bladder a Glyster will successfully cure all these evils Now the Uterus hath its proper Glysters which must be infunded into its fundament by a Metrenchyta the bladder it s Glysters neither want the bowels theirs whose orifice is narrow and nervous and their cavity profound And it is taken for a liquid Medicament infused into the intestines by the fundament whereof there are various descriptions according to the variety of the affections for which they are ordained as to mollify the belly after this manner ℞ Mallows Violets Marsh mallows brank Ursin Mercury Pelitory ana m. j. sweet Fennel seed ℥ ss in the Summer time the four greater cool seeds ℥ j. boyl these in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed of which after it is strained take lb. j. ss for strong people but for the younger sort lb. j. for infants lb. ss This decoction may in Summer be kept uncorrupt two dayes in some cold place in Winter four but it is best when it is new made Quamdiu decoctum pro Clyst possit incorruptum ser vari and those Apothecaries do ill that keep it a whole week and then use it Folia Orientalia are oft decocted herein and some Electuaries and Honey dissolved according to the various intentions of the Physician as to excite the slowness of the belly and to educe the humours lurking there And better to excite the drowsy faculty something of common Salt or pretious may be added Clysteris inventionem avis dedisse fertur whose virtue in moving the belly is thought to be known by the Bird called Ibis not much unlike a Stork which with its long bill draws up sea water and immits it into its belly whereby it is purged hence according to Galen praef sai introduct was the use of Glysters learned But be sure no Salt be dissolved in the Glysters prescribed to the dissentery for it will much imbitter the dolour of the intestines This Glyster will discuss flatuosity ℞ A Carminate Glyster Marsh mallows Pelitory tops of Dill Origanum Calamint Southernwood the flowers of Melilot and Chamomile ana m j. the seeds of Cummin Anise Coriander ana ℥ ss boyl them in the Colature dissolve Honey of Rosemary ℥ ij Bened. Laxativ ʒ vj. El. de Baccis Lauri ℥ ss Ol. Anethi ℥ iij. fiat Enema Some instead of Oils made by infusion dissolve ʒ j. of Oil of Aniseed educed by the chymical art or a little more or less as the condition of the body and disease require which I have oft expenenced with success when I could not have any other to my minde Here note Validius purgant Clysteres qui pinguia non admittunt that that injection wherein Oil or Butter or both have been mixed doth attract the humours more slowly for the faculty of the Catharticks is dulled with the addition of fats but the dolour of the intestines is sooner quelled Oils and Greases are mixed and added rather to mollify and leniate than attract As ℞ Of the decoction of the four emollient herbs lb. j. dissolve therein Honey of Violets red Sugar Catplicon ℥ j. ss Oil of Chamomile fresh Butter ana ℥ ij conquass them together fiat Clysmus Take notice also that Injections or Glysters do not onely purge the inferiour intestines but the middle also and sometimes the superiour as when the ventricle is ill affected and attracts it from the inferiour intestines so that Galen cap. 1. lib. 3. de sympt caus asserts that some have vomited up part of a Glyster though elswhere he seems to hold the contrary Which may happen also when a Glyster made of Milk or the decoction of Flesh is injected into some macilent fellow with whose sweetness and gratefull warmth his empty ventricle being allured sucks and attracts the liquor to it self that it may be refreshed therewith as we may reade in the Writings of Avenzoar Theys cap. 18. tract 10. lib. 1. This Glyster is good against the Lethargy Apoplexy and other affections of the brain whereby the senses droop and the faculties become dull ℞ Betony Marjoran Calamint Sage Origanum ana m. j. Mercury Arach ana m. ij boyl them with ℥ ij of Senna andʒ ij of Aniseeds in a pint of the Colature dissolve Honey of Rosemary ℥ ij Confectio Hamech and Hier. Diacolocynthidos ana ℥ ss Saltʒ ij fiat Clyster This Glyster cures the dissentery or other great flux in the belly ℞ Plantain Knot-grass Mullet ana m. j. boyl them in lb. j. of Milk and lb. ss of Bean-cod water till the third part be consumed in the Colature dissolve Bole-armeniack and Starch anaʒ ij the yolk of one Egge and so make it into a Glyster SECTION III. Of such as
are extrinsecally applyed and first CHAP. I. Of Baths WHEN we mention a Bath we mean such an one as is made of sweet water whether pluvial or fluvial not such sordid Baths as they have in some places in Spain where they wash or rather inquinate themselves in urine long kept for that purpose nor yet those medicinal Baths wherewith many places of the Earth abound which because of several Minerals they pass through acquire several sapours and odours and eximious faculties in curing many affections For the Earth produces almost as many Springs of Medicinal Waters as diseases Gal. cap. 5. lib. 1. de sanitate tuenda wherewith Normandy and almost all France and Germany and Italy abound But we here speak of a Bath which being made of simple water or the decoction of some herb may be provided in any house Now Baths are instituted for three causes to wit for delight Balneorum usus triplex for preservation of sanity and depulsion of diseases The antient Romanes were great admirers of Baths for pleasure and therefore they made Baths for publick uses both for amplitude and artifice inimitable the structure being of Alexandrian and Numidian Marble Balneorum superha structura for the walls were adorned on one side with Thasian stones on the other with Pictures much recreating the sight their cocks were of silver which distilled warm or hotter water as they would into the vessel for they were so much taken with Lavacres that some of them especially their Emperours and Senatours Balnea Romani habebant in deliciit who had Baths apart would bathe themselves seven times a day And seeing Baths are very voluptuous as Ulpianus not without reason attests the Jews that lived at Tripolis and Damascus had Baths for pleasure wherein men and women bathed promiscuously before Antoninus the Philosophers time which they therefore called Gymnasies To preserve sanity 〈◊〉 mâ—gna militas such as have a hot liver or squalid skin are much helped by frequent bathings in warm water as Oribasius cap. 27. lib. 1. asserts To depell diseases Baths are very usefull for Galen cap. 10. lib. 10. meth med c. 20. lib. 12. commends them in the Hectick Diarian and sometimes in the putrid feaver with due observation Hippocrates also before Galens time attested in many places that Baths conduce to the cure of many diseases part 44. lib. 3. de vict acutor for they open the pores discuss the humours abate the heat of the bowels take away lassitude dilute the terrene and melancholical humour or at least temper and moderate it Make a Bath of milk alone or a very small quantity of water and milk for such as are rich and labour under a Hectick Feaver for such as are not rich let water suffice and that fluvial or pluvial rather than fountain water wherein for more success coct some parts or else integral plants as Marsh-mallows Mallows Violets Vine leaves and Colesfoot of each m. iiij boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water for a Bath For the morphew or fedity of the skin after the emendation of the prave humours and diminution of blood by purge and phlebotomy let the body be immerged in the aforesaid Bath then let him be washed three four or more times if need be in this following Bath â„ž The leaves of Enulacampane Sorrel Scabious ana m. vj. Tatsane and Fumatory ana m. iij. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to fill the Bath Some foolish Wretches believe that the Leprosy may be cured by a Bath of Mans bloodâ— but this horrible Prescript seems to be an invention of the Devil and not at all to be admitted for such a Disease whereby the whole Oeconomy of Nature is ruined can neither by external application nor internal assumption nor by both together be emended CHAP. II. Of a Semicupium or Insess AS a Bath is a Lavacre of the whole body except the head which partakes also of the vapours so an Insess of half the body for it is a Bath onely of the belly or a half Bath full of convenient liquor wherein the diseased may sit up to his ventricle his legs and feet be put out called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Insessus or Insessio and sometimes Semicupium It is constituted of the same Materials that make up a Bath and Fomentation and it is less than one greater than the other It is very usefull for it mollifies the Uterus reserates its vessels Semicupii usus asswages colical passions and other dolours caused in the reins by the stone in the ureters by obstructions or in other inferiour parts of the belly This Semicupium will by the emollition and deduction of the vessels asswage the dolour of the stone in the reins â„ž Beets Marsh-mallows Mallows Violets Pelitory tops of Dill anam iij. Linsed â„¥ ij boyl all these in rain water or fountain till their virtues be transmitted pro semicupio Some put the materials in some bag and apply them to the place most pained in the very insession The body that abounds with crude and viscid humours should be first purged by some convenient Medicament if time permit if not then with a Glyster Some make Insessions of the decoction of Tripes to cure the exsiccation hardness and tension of the belly and the colical dolours some adde milk to them others wine others oil That colical dolour which arises from much flatuosity distending and excruciating the belly may be cured with this Semicupium â„ž Polium of the mount Calamint Origanum tops of Dill Melilet Marjoran ana m. iij. the seeds of Cummin Anise Fennel Bay-berries ana â„¥ j. put them all in two bags and boyl them in water sufficient for a Semicupium wherein the diseased must be demerged with his face upward from the knees to the navel CHAP. III. Of a Vaporary AVaporary consists of the same things a Semicupium is made of though in less quantity for it is enough that a few herbs or such things be cocted in a Kettle and the vapour thereof traduced through a hole in a chair whereon the diseased sits to move the Uterus or Fundament for it is onely made to reserate the Uterus to evoke or stay Flowers to open or constringe the Hemorrhoides to asswage dolour and to alter some intemperancy To provoke Flowers lest the vapour should be disgregated and exhaled into the ambient air the perforated chair whereon the diseased woman sits should be accurately involved in many cloaths for so the ascendent vapour will be easily carried to the privities and permeating the orifice of the vessels will attenuate the blood and excite it to motion This Receipt is fit to move Flowers and Hemorrhoides â„ž Marsh-mallows Mugwort Calamint Hyssop Winter-savoury Marjoran ana m. j. Savin m. ij the flowers of Melilot Chamemile and Jasmine ana m. ss let the Decoction be made in water and in a fourth part of white wine and let the vapour be admitted as
that same which is educed out of many gums The seeds of Line Foenugreek Mallows Quinces Flea-wort and Marsh mallow roots as also their roots macerated in warm water are very mucaginous Figs also Gum Arabick Tragacanthum and Isinglass if they be a whole night infused in water or other liquor and the next day recalefied and strongly expressed through a new cloth or bag will dimit much mucaginous matter Thus the mucage of Bdellium Sugâ—penum Ammoniacum and Galbanum is extracted to make up the confection of the mucilaginous Emplaister To every ounce of water or other liquor they ordinarily impose an ounce of seeds or roots but if the Mucage should be more crass then the quantity of roots or seeds must be augmented if more liquid diminished as one dram of seed to an ounce of water This Muslidge applyed to an inflammation helps much â„ž A Muslidge against inflammation The roots of Marsh mallows â„¥ ss Flea wort seedÊ’ ij â—nfuse them upon hot embers for a day and a half in Night-shade water afterwards strain it and apply it to the part affected This Mucage mitigates the dolour of the eyes caused by heat â„ž Another to the pain of the eyes from a hot cause Quinco kernelsÊ’ iij. infuse them a whole night in the water of Night-shade Water-lillyes and Eye-bright ana â„¥ i. ss in the morning extract the Muslidge and apply it to the part grieved CHAP. XI Of Collyryes IT is not enough that a Medicament be accommodated to an affection onely but it must be fitted to the part affected also for we do not prescribe one Medicament to the ears mouth nose and belly but exhibit a singular Medicament to each as will best fit it The eyes have their peculiar Medicaments called Collyryes which are endued with eximious qualities respecting their affections eximiously such as Galen speaks of libro de oculis libris 4 5. composit medicament loc as also Paulus and Aetius in many places There are two kinds of Collyryes the one dry Collyriorum differentia Collyria ficca called by the Arabians Sicf by the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Collyria fieca the other humid 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which are by the more recent called Collyries absolutely either because by their liquid form they are better accommodated to application the eyes not tolerating a hard and crass remedy or else because they are made of dry Collyries levigated upon a Marble and dissolved in water or such convenient liquor Some of the humid Collyries are of the consistency of Honey or a soft Unguent Tuthiae praeparatio as Tutia redacted to the form of an Unguent by much ustion and lotion with the juice of Fennel or other convenient liquor Others are altogether liquid and fluxile as all those which are made of the waters of Eye-bright Roses or Plantain with a small quantity of white Trochisks These should be reposed in glass vessels as the more solid in earthen pots And as a multitude of ocular affections are cured by Collyries so a multiplicity of materials go to their confecture as the whole Family of Medicaments whether of Minerals Animals or Plants from which either Powders can be efringed or Waters distilled or Juices extracted or Excrements desumed When you would quicken the sight make an oxydorcical Collyrie of such Medicaments as cure caligation as the galls of Animals the waters of Salendine and Eye-bright or the water of Community which confect thus â„ž Eye bright m. iij. Salendine Fennel Vervine Fumatory A water to quicken the sight ana m. ij Rue Balm ana m. j. Cloves Mace long Pepper ana â„¥ ss macerate them a whole night in equal parts of white Rose-water and white Wine then distill of the water with which wash the eyes This Collyrie will cure the pruriginous scabies of the eye-brows â„ž White wine * * * White For the scabies of the eye-lids Rose water ana â„¥ j. ss Hepatick Aloes finely pâ—lverized Ê’ j. mix them and make thereof a Collyrium This Collyrie will roborate and refrigerate â„ž A cooling and strengthening water for the eyes The water of Plantain and red Roses ana â„¥ ij whites of Eggs â„¥ ss mix them and beat them well together and make thereof a Collyrie This Collyrie applyed to the eyes will asswage their dolour â„ž For the pain of the eyes The waters of Purslain and Plantain ana â„¥ j. ss the mucilidge of Quince seeds made in Night shade water â„¥ j. mingle them fiat Collyrium This Collyrie will most efficaciously desiccate roborate and refrigerate â„ž A water strengthening and drying The water of Mouse-ear white Roses and Plantain ana â„¥ j. Troch alb RhasisÊ’ i. Tutty preparedÊ’ ss fiat Collyrium This Collyrie commonly called Eleiser roborates the eye and hinders the lapse of the fourth membrane or uvea and it is thus confected â„ž Collyrium Elciser Antimony Lapit Hematit anaÊ’ x. Acacia â„¥ ss AloesÊ’ j. let them be finely powdered cum aqua * * * Knotgrass Corrigiolae fiant Trochisci and when occasion calls for them dissolve one of them in white Rose water This other Collyrie which hath its denomination of Lead is endued with a sarcotical and consolidative faculty and is thus made â„ž A Collyrie of Lead Burnt Lead Antimony Tutty washed burnt Brass Gum Araback Traganth ana â„¥ j. Opium â„¥ ss make of these a Powder and with white Rose water form them into Trochisks which dissolve in white Rose water This Collyrie of Lanfrancus so called in whose Works I could never yet finde it is excellent against the French disease and is thus described by the antient Writers â„ž Collyrium Lanfranci White Wine lb j. of the water of Plantain and Roses of each a much as will suffice AuripigmentumÊ’ ij VerdigreaseÊ’ j. Alâ—es Myrrke ana ℈ ij let these be finely powdered and make thereof a Collyrium CHAP. XII Of Virgins milk VIrgins milk is one of those Medicaments which the sedulity of our age hath invented the making of which works no small admiration in the Vulgar whil'st of two unicolourous juices mixed together they educe a third white viscid and lent substance like milk to the spectators eyes Thus many exhibiting a specimen of their ingeny are believed to do miracles while they onely unfold Natures secrets Lac virginale cur dicitur Now it is called Virgins milk partly from its colour whereby it is like milk partly from its consistency and virtues wherein it is eximious even to delete the freckles of the skin which change and adulterate the virgin and genuine colour of the face This topical Medicament is made after many wayes whereof this is the most ordinary Receipt â„ž Litharidge of Gold finely powderedÊ’ iij. white wine vinegar of the best and strongest lb. ss mingle them together stir them with a wooden spatula for three hours afterwards filter the liquor through a brown paper in the form of a funnel
into a glass drop by drop to that which is filtrated adde pluvial or fountain water in which dissolve a little salt upon the mixtion whereof a milk will appear This is also an usual form â„ž White wine vinegar lb. ss Litharidge of Gold finely powdered â„¥ j. boyl them together till the third part be consumed and to the Colature adde a little Oil of Tartar and it will become white It may also be thus confected â„ž Ceruse â„¥ ss Litharidge â„¥ j. Trochisks of CamphorÊ’ ss the strongest Vinegar lb. ss macerate them three or four hours afterwards filtrate them and to the filtration adde the water of Bean flowers or Plantain or Roses in which dissolve a little Salt and it will become white It is very good against the redness of the face and pimples Ejus virtuor and roughness of the skin CHAP. XIII Of Alume water THE affinity of the qualities minde me of another water of â—â—mious virtues which derives its denomination from Alumâ— which is its basis Since many Juices ingrede its confection which are better new than old it can scarce be made before or after Summer but about the end of August or the beginning of September for then the juice of Grapes is most copious and most acid being immature and therefore more accommodate to confect this water Being extrinsecally applyed it cohibits and deterges inflammations pimples and other infections of the skin adhibited also above the tongue that grows black by the acuteness of a Feaver it will not onely delete its roughness but so moderate its calour as to reduce it to its natural heat I shall here exhibit its more usual and approved description whereunto a skilfull Medick may easily adjoyn another if the particular nature or condition of any affection require it and thus it is confected â„ž Aqua aluminosa magistralis Of the juices of Plantain Purslain Grapes Roch alume ana lb. j. whites of Eggs no. xij mix them well together with a spatula and afterwards distill them in an Alembick Some by mixing the juice of Nightshade and Limons with it make it more prevalent against filth and lice and other affections of the skin and they call it the Magisterial Alume water CHAP. XIV Of a Frontal AFrontal which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a Medicament which imposed on the forehead doth help the head-ach and it is often exhibited to extinguish its ardour and conciliate sleep when in long Feavers too much waking hath dejected the strength corrupted the blood and exagitated the mind For then a topical refrigerative Hypnotick applyed to the frontispiece of the head will be very salutiferous by abating the dolour mitigating the fervour tempering the blood and cohibiting the ascendent fumes Nicholaus Myrepsius tells us that a Frontal duely confected and rightly adhibited to the eyes cures lippitude and abundant fluours But we must take heed we do not adhibit humectative and refrigerative Frontals to a flegmatick brain or old men in winter especially seeing they are not meet for such in summer Quibus frâ—ntalia bene vel male conveniunt nor yet for any of a cold nature But they may be successfully applyed to young men and such as are cholerick or infested with some hot disease which alwayes causes great dolour in the head at any time But the use of Frontals is no way safe for young girls whose Cranium yet gapes and whose Vertex is yet moveable especially such as admit Vinegar in their composition which is an enemy to the brain or are endued with a narcotical or with a refrigeratory or calefactory quality or any other eximious faculty in excess They indeed are very expetible which by the first degrees change the distemper of the four qualities cohibit vapours gently soporate the senses and roborate the brain All Frontals are either somewhat humid or altogether dry the humid are of multifarious forms and consistencies for they are either made in form of an Unguent or of a Liniment or of an Opiate or of a Cerato malagma as when some oleaginous Medicaments are super-added to brayed herbs and a Frontal formed of the mixture Neither are dry Frontals uniform but confected of leaves and flowers either integral or pulverated and sowed in a double Syndon or pure cloth This Frontal is accommodate to women â„ž Of the leaves of Lettice and Betony cut small and of Rose leaves ana m. j. madefy these in Oxyrrhodino and make thereof a Frontal This Frontal will asswage the fervour of the head and conciliate sleep â„ž Conserves of Water-lillyesÊ’ vj. of Roses â„¥ ss Fervorem mitigans somnumque concilians of the flower of Poppyes p. ij beat them together in a mortar with a little Unguent Populeon fiat Frontale CHAP. XV. Of Cataplasms and Pultises THis soft Medicament which onely extrinsecally applyed doth asswage dolour repell mollify relax and calefy as also move vacuate and digest corrupt matter is called both by Greeks and Latines Cataplasma It hath the consistency of a Pultis whence it often borrows a name though in proper loquution Puls is rather an Aliment and Cataplasma a topical Medicament which is not confected solely of Honey wherein some Simples or Compounds accommodate to that purpose have been cocted as the Antients used to make it but of Roots Herbs Meal Oil and Butter and very often and that successfully by clinical women of Milk Bread crums Oil and the yolks of Eggs to mitigate leniate and concoct And he that calls a Cataplasm thus compounded a Pultis and a Pultis made of Barley meal the mucaginous matter of Linseed and Eggs yolks a Cataplasm doth erre nothing according to Fernelius for both have the same consistency to wit a mean betwixt an Unguent and a Salve and as it were the result of both their materials compounded together both have the same method in confecture and in use Fernelius thinks that the Antients used Cataplasma and Malagusâ— for the same thing but Galen initio lib. 7. de comp med gen according to the meaning and opinion of the Antients names those Medicaments alone Malagms which mollify parts preternaturally obdurated so that a malactical and mollitive Medicament and a Malagm do not at all differ nor constitute distinct species as 't is very probable Pultises then are constituted of Roots Leaves Stalks cocted to a putrilency Meal Fat and Oil. If dry Plants be required they must be pulverated if green cocted till they liquefy then stamped in a mortar trajected through a scarce and mucaginous fat or oleaginous matters added to the pulped matter and sometimes meal and then must they be again cocted till they acquire the crassitude of a Pultis This Cataplasm will asswage dolour and mollify obdurateness â„ž Anodynum malacticum The roots of Lillyes and Marsh mallows ana â„¥ ij Mallows Pelitory Violets ana m. ij boyl them till they become soft beat them small and pulp them through a sieve to which adde Linseed
â„¥ ij Oil of Lillyes â„¥ iij. One made of the powder of Linseed cocted in Hydreol to a just consistency will exceedingly mollify and mitigate any dolour This Cataplasm will educe viscid humours open the pores and dissipate flatuosity â„ž Briony root lb. j. Sowbread root â„¥ iij. Mercury m. ij Flatus dissipant boyl them till they become soft in water with a fourth part of white wine bruise them and traject them through a sieve to the pulp adde powder of Bay-berryes â„¥ ss powder of Fennel seeds and Cummin and Chamomile flowers anaÊ’ ij Lupines and Faenugreek ana â„¥ j. Oil of Orris as much as suffices to make a Cataplasm A Cataplasm made of common bread Syncomistum which they call Syncomistum is good for all things if we believe Oribasius For saith he it is convenient almost for all inflammations when it is confected with water and oil of Roses That also is good for many dolours which is confected of leavened bread and oil for it ripens obdurateness heals contusions attracts lurking humours to the skin digests and resolves them There are various forms of Pultises recorded in every Author which here to rehearse would be as endless as useless since these few examples may suffice CHAP. XVI Of Catapasms Empasms and Diapasms ODoriferous Powders compounded of many Aromataes Catapasma quid which for fragrancy and suavities sake are strewed upon cloaths are properly called Catapasms Those Powders also which after litation are applyed to some part of the body as to the stomack for its roboration and those odoriferous Powders which are made for Condiments and other uses as Sarcotical for generation of flesh in ulcers Catheretical for absumption in superfluous flesh Epulotical for the induction of a skar are called Catapasms Paul c. 13. l. 7. But because we have treated of these before we shall not further prosecute that subject neither would we have spoken a word thereupon but for that same paranomasy there is betwixt a Catapasm and a Cataplasm The less affinity falling in the denominations of Empasm and Diapasm leads us to shew their difference each from other as also how they both differ from a Cataplasm Now according to Oribasius cap. 31. lib. 10. Empasma quid those are Empasms which are adhibited to cohibit immoderate heat or other exhalations or to scarify the extremity of the skin or to remove a Pleurisy Those Diapasms Diapasma quid which are accommodated to conciliate suaveolence to the skin or body either by way of Powder Unguent or Liniment Those Cataplasms which are confected after the former description and for the uses we mentioned in the foregoing Chapter Empasins are either used to stay the immoderate fluour of sweat which is not critical but dissolves Natures strength or to help the Mydroptical Sciatical or Orthopnoical Patients Those that stay and cohibit the profusion of sudours consist of Parget dry and levigated Mirtle Pomegranate pils Syrian Sumack Sorb apples dryed and brayed Galls Acacia and such like Astrictives Those that help such as are diseased with the Dropsy such as are infested with the Sciatica and such as cannot breathe unless they hold their neck strait up are confected of Sand burned Wine lees Nitre Salt Sulphur Mustard Water cresses Pepper Pelitory and such like sharp Ingredients whereof Sinapisms also are made which act and produce the same effect with Empasms CHAP. XVII Of Sinapisms and Phaenigms ASinapism is a kinde of Cataplasm for their consistency is alike though their faculties be distinct for Sinapisms consist of one quality and are alwayes calefactory Catalpasms of many and thence they calefy refrigerate mollify relax c. A Sinapism is seldome or never adhibited in acute diseases neither by way of table nor colliquament as Oribasius notes cap. 13. lib. 10. but in Lethargies Apoplexies or the Night-mare and in stupid natures that the dullness of the sense may be excited the faculty awakened the heat acted and the humour discussed The manner of making a Sinapism is thus described by Oribasius and Aetius cap. 181. tetr 1. serm 3. Take dryed Figs q. v. macerate them a whole day in warm water afterwards make a strong Expression and bruise the Figs then take the sharpest and strongest Mustard seed bruise it by it self pouring on a little of the colature of the Figs which will make it beat more easily but take heed too much be not mixed lest it be too thin and liquid then reduce them into small masses of the Figs and Mustard of each equal parts but if you would have the Sinapism stronger take two parts of the Mustard and one of the Figs if weaker two of the Figs and one of the Mustard If the Sinapism be made with Vinegar it is more inefficacious and weak because Vinegar discusses the strength of the Mustard The Sinapism should be put upon a Linnen cloth and so adhibited to the place and should be often looked at to see if it have contracted rubour enough by its admotion for some perceive its effect on them sooner some later so that I cannot certainly define what space of time it must abide on the place But if the Sinapism after long admotion act not nor alter the colour of the skin it must be fomented with hot water with a sponge that the faculty of the Sinapism may be easier intromitted for the Sinapism by extracting the excrements to the skin either ulcerates or at least rubrifies it whence it is called a Phaenigm that is a rubrifying Medicament Phaenigmus After the diseased hath sufficiently used the Sinapism he must be bathed and then have the part affected anointed with oil of Roses CHAP. XVIII Of Dropax and Pication A Dropax is a topical Medicament sometimes hard like a salve Dropax quid sometimes soft like a Malagm as the case requires Now a Dropax is either simple which is made of Pitch and a little Oil onely or compound Differentiae which admits of many calefactories besides Pitch and Oil as Pepper Bartram Bitumen Brimstone Salt and the ashes of Vine branches It is convenient for diuturnal diseases as Aetius cap. 180. tetr 1. Quibus morbis conveniat serm 3. shews and must alwayes be adhibited both before and after a Sinapism before that it may prepare the body for a Sinapism and after that it may exscind the remaining affections A simple one is thus made â„ž Of the best Pitch dissolve it with a little Oil and while it is hot dip in a cloth and clap it to the place affected and before it is cold pluck it off again calefy it before the fire and apply it as before and before it waxes cold pull it off and let this be repeated as often as need requires It helps such as are infested with frequent vomits with collicks Picatio quibus affectibus conveniat and with crudities it helps also such parts as do not grow nor partake of the nutriment The more compound Dropax is
constituted of the above mentioned calefactories Dropax magis compositus when it is prescribed for the reduction of any part perished by cold to its pristine bonity and when it is requisite that it exsiccate Then Oribasius cap. 10. lib. 1. adds Salt Sulphur Wine and the ashes of Vine branches to its confection and when it should open Euphorbium and Lymnestis otherwise called Adarce and all these must be brayed and strewed into melted Pitch The Dropax must be applyed while it is hot the hairs of the place first shaved off and a special care had lest the strength of the Dropax over-power the diseased If the Dropax be speedily pulled off it confirms the remiss spirits Dropacis effectus revokes them to the superficies and minds them of their work Aetius loco dicto It is sometimes adhibited instead of a Psylothrum to evell the hairs of a scurfy head for that malign filthy contagious ulcer of the head cannot be perfectly cured unless the hair be first evelled or abraded CHAP. XIX Of Psylothers APsylother is referred to the cosmical Medicaments which serve chiefly for the bodies culture and ornament neither Unguent nor Salve nor yet partaking of any special form but a depilatory Medicament which applyed in any form whatever will by its quality erode the hairs or down and so make a rough place smooth Now every Psylother properly so called having an eroding and burning faculty doth not onely attenuate but evell hairs and for a time utterly denude the place and therefore must not be applyed without great care and prudence for if it abide too long on the place especially if it be adustive it will ulcerate the skin raise pimples and burn like a Caustick or erodes like an Escharotical Medicament Oribasins cap. 13. lib. 10. reckons these for such Depilatories as may be safely adhibited to wit stillatitious Lixive Arsenick Sandarach and Calx viva Yet may some of those that exulcerate more vehemently be added to make the Psylothers more valid as Paulus Aegineta doth in this description cap. 52. lib. 3. â„ž * * * Millepedae Hogs lice Psyâ—othris Pauli Aselli domestici Assellorum domesticorumÊ’ ij Sandarach â„¥ ss Lime stone â„¥ j. old Vinegar the Lixivium of a Fig tree and lb ss boyl them to the consistency of a Liniment This Domesticus Asellus is an Animal which lodges under water vessels and contracts it self into a lump The Greeks call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Millepedae the French Cloportes we Palmer worms Rondeletius prescribes this Psylother to absume hairs Rondeletii Psylother that they may never come again â„ž Auripigmentum Ants egs Gum Arabick ana â„¥ ss Gum Hederae â„¥ ij and with the blood of a Bat or juice of Henbane make it up into a Liniment according to art a portion whereof must be applyed to the place you would have denuded after you have shaved off the hair Oribasius and Aetius call white Vine or Briony a Psylother because of its excellent faculty in eroding hairs This Psylother is most efficacious made after this manner â„ž Another Lime-stone â„¥ ij Auripigmentum â„¥ ss let these be boyled in as much Lixivium as will suffice and make thereof a Liniment with which anoint the place for four hours afterwards wash it with clean water In the Turks Dominion there is a Mineral they call Rusma which may justly be preferred before all Psylothers for its preheminency in acting for though it be very temperate and burn not the part to which it is adhibited yet it doth speedily and without dolour erode the hairs denude the place leaving it very smooth without any token of a hair Which that it may be more commodiously applyed it should be levigated into small powder and diluted in water with half as much Calx viva The Turkish women before they go into a Bath or Hypocaust adhibit this mixture to their privy members and arm-holes which places they much desire alwayes to depilate and glabrify This Rusma is like Iron dross but lighter blacker and seemingly exust as Bellonius observes cap. 33. lib. 3. CHAP. XX. Of Vesicatories THis little extrinsecal Medicament Vesicatorium quomodo a sinapismo pyrotico differt from its effect in exciting the bladder we call a Vesicatory It is a little more vehement than a Phoenigm or Sinapism which onely rubrifies the superficies of the skin and more weak than a Pyrotick which burns the skin for being adhibited to the skin it raises the extream surface and causes blisters which being broken emit water in little quantity if the body be dry or the Medicament applyed to the superiour parts in greater quantity if the body be humid or hydropical and it applyed to the inferiour parts as to the leg for the skin being broken the water fluctuating in the belly or legs will sometimes delabe and flow from the little ulcer as from a fountain but the ulcer is sometimes left dysepulotical A Vesicatory applyed behind the ear on the side the tooth affected stands helps the tooth-ach and sometimes by its adhibition to the feet the Gonagry and Podagry are cured and it is thought to be more conducible to the phlegmatick than the cholerick yet I saw the Ring-worm perfectly cured by the application of a Vesicatory which no other presidy could amend Marcellus cap. 19. lib. de remed commends it to the cure of tetters and other affections of the skin Vesicatorium rusticorum If a Vesicatory be applyed to a wound inflicted by some wild beast or to a malign sore near the groins it will evoke the poyson and very much facilitate the cure The Rusticks make it of the roots of Ranunculus bruised and apply it but the Apothecaries make it of Cantharides pulverated and mixed with a little vinegar and leaven that is the best which is confected of the powder of Cantharides mixed with the Gumme of Elemus And it is thus made â„ž Euphorbium Pepper Cantharides ana ℈ ss and with leaven and vinegar make it into a Vesicatory CHAP. XXI Of Pyroticks or Cauteries HIppocrates Aph. ult lib. 7. saith right What Medicaments cannot cure the Sword may what the Sword cannot Fire may but what Fire cannot is altogether incurable For a Disease is oft so efferous as it will yield to no Medicament but must either be cured by section or ustion or both Now ustion is oft performed with a hot Iron which were able to terrifie the most magnanimous in whose stead the sedulity of our Medicks have invented a Medicament which from its operation and effect they name a Pyrotick for in its efficacy it resembles fire by its application it kills the quick flesh absumes the dead flesh and perforates the sound part that it may receive the excretion of the unsound opens the unsound that it eructate its own excrements Thus a Pyrotick makes an abscess for the corruption to break through thus it breaks the impostume and pertunds the fwellings that each may disgorge
which we do not use save in small quantity or intermixed with such things as temper their heat for Odoraments objected to the nose in great quantity are graveolent and hurtfull to the brain which recreate it in small quantity because their graveolency is tempered with the ambient air Maleolentia ingrata sacultatibus noâ—ia or with the mixtion of other things But maleolent things though tempered with the ambient air are averse to the brain both in quality and substance according to Galen cap. 10. lib. de instrum odorat which Aristotle also confirms whil'st cap. 24. lib. 8. de Hist Anim. he sayes that Women may become abortive at the smell of an extinguished Candle Seeing then that suaveolent Odours are consocial to the spirits and their familiar Pabulum the Physician will not onely acquire praise of the Vulgar by being perfumed but he will be better able to prescribe Odoraments both to roborate the spirits and defend sanity Now they are either described in form of an Unguent or of a Pomander or of Trochisks or of Powder An Odorament in forâ— of Powder is thus confected â„ž Calamus AromaticusÊ’ iij. Orris FlorentineÊ’ ij Storax Benioin anaÊ’ j. Roses ℈ ij ClovesÊ’ ss Mosch Amber anaÊ’ ss make of these a Powder Our later Physicians extoll an Odorament they call the * * * Damask Powder Cyprian Odour or the Violet Odour which being variously described every one calls a suaveolent or fragrant Powder or the Cyprian or Violet Powder An Odorament in form of an Unguent may be easily made if you put the above described Powder in Oil Amber and Wax that it may acquire a fit consistency Or thus â„ž Yellow Saenders Calamus Aromaticus Squinant Cinnamon anaÊ’ j. Storax Benioin Mace anaÊ’ ss WaxÊ’ iij. Ol. Moschelini q. s fiat unguento Or thus â„ž Mace Cinnamon anaÊ’ ss Benioin ℈ ij Civet Mosch Amber ana ℈ ss Camphor gr 5. with Oil of Almonds make it up into an Unguent An Odorate mass also may be made of select Aromataes whereof Pomanders or Trochisks may be formed whose suaveolence is of great esteem as â„ž Citron pill dry Cinnamon Labdanum anaÊ’ j. StoraxÊ’ ij Mace Cloves Lignum Aloes Orris anaÊ’ ss Camphor ℈ j. Mosch Civet Amber ana ℈ ss with musilidge of Gum Traganth make it into a mass of which make Pomanders or Trochisks CHAP. XXVII Of Perfumes and Suffumigatories ALL sweet Odours exhilarate the spirits but many will not communicate their scent save by fire and therefore such are set over burning coals or otherwise so calefied that they emit their odours plentiously Thus did the first Adorers of a Deity make their Incense Sacrifice thus do Physicians confect their Perfumes for sanity and thus do the Courtiers confect theirs for pleasure Yet the matter of Perfumes is not alwayes injected upon coals but sometimes put into a brasen or silver pot which the Vulgar call a Cassolet Corula Cassoleta together with water of Roses or Oranges laying quick coals under it that it may boyl and with its vapour fill and perfume the whole house A Perfume is either humid or dry and both either for pleasure or sanity the humid may easily be made and is very familiar to delicate women who being sick or taking purgative Medicaments perfume their Cubicles with the pills of Oranges Lemmons Cloves Cinnamon and Rose water mixed together and put in a Cassolet over the fire The dry ones are more frequently confected by Apothecaries at the Phyficians precept either for pleasure or profit Those who through epicurism and voluptuousness profusely spend their Fathers means most accustome delicious Perfumes Those whose spirits want refection brains roboration hearts exhilaration and bodies vindication from some extrinsecal malignity require sanitiferous Perfumes Now Perfumes help the lungs stuffed with abundance of flegm Suffitus quibus affectionibus conveniat and yet they are not convenient to all diseases and affections about the breast for Aetius cap. 144. tetr ser 3. saith that they do harm such as spit blood by opening the vessels neither yet are they convenient for those who have some dry disease about their breasts but they eximiously conduce to such as are pursy orthopnoical and whose breasts are infested with many crude humours as also to such as labour under the French disease Lues Indica suffitu nonnunquam curatur if they be duely confected of idoneous Medicaments which will abject the poyson of that distemper by frequent salivation and be exhibited after the body hath been vacuated by universal remedies And they are most frequently used in form of a pretty crass Powder as thus to roborate and siccate the brain â„ž Storax Benioin anaÊ’ j. ss Gum of Juniper Frankincense anaÊ’ j. Cloves Cinnamon ana ℈ iij. the leaves of Bayes Sage Rosemary anaÊ’ ss make of all these a gross Powder and then put a part thereof upon burning coals that the diseased may expire the suffigated fume This Perfume will stop the humour that delabes from the brain to the lungs â„ž Cypress nuts Balaustians Ladanum anaÊ’ j. RosesÊ’ ij Mirtle berries and Mastich anaÊ’ j. ss make gross Powder for Fumigation This Fumigation made after this manner doth wonderfully roborate the heart and resartiate the spirits â„ž A Cordial Fume Calamus Aromaticus Xyloaloes Squinant Cinnamon anaÊ’ j. Storax Benioin anaÊ’ j. ss Mace Cloves anaÊ’ ss Roses Marjoran ana ℈ ij Aliptae MoschataeÊ’ ij pulverize them for a fume A mass may be confected of these Powders with some dust of small coals and a fit liquor which may be formed into Pastills or Birds or Cloves which we commonly call Cyprian Birds which take fire without flame and exhale a suaveolent fume and they are thus confected â„ž Benioin â„¥ j. Storax â„¥ ij Ladanum â„¥ ss Aliptae MoschataeÊ’ iij. small Coal â„¥ ij beat all these into a fine Powder and with Gum Traganth dissolved in Rose water make them up into a paste of which form little Birds Cloves or what you please Hippocrates lib. de nat mulicb advises women whose flowers stay twice every day to receive the fume of a Suffiment through a tunnel pipe into their privities and it will move flowers To which end such must first be elected as calefy in the first or at most in the second degree afterwards more vehement may be used yet with this caveat that too sharp ones be not exhibited lest the head be burthened or the neck of the uterus ulcerated Hip. lib. de superfoetatione Perfumes are destined to deduce the vessels and to draw the uterus towards the orifice that the blood may easily profluate But seeing the cunctation of flowers proceeds from the durity and siccity of the uterus the matter of Perfumes must be received in some idoneous liquor whereby the uterus may be humectated as in Wax simple or odorate Oil Turpentine Ladanum or Gum of Tragacanthum that Pastills may be formed thereof which when use requires may be injected upon burning coals or rather
contrary the Tree planted by the Water side Psal 1. will yield its fruit in its season Whence perhaps old Hesiod broached his opinion that Water was the most antient of Elements To which Thales accords who constitutes Water the first and sole principle of bodyes Of which opinion was also Empedocles who thought all things to be produced by Water And one Hippon Arist c. 2. l. 1. de anima who called Water the Soul of the World and Hippocrates also Aqua ignis vita principia who constituted Water and Fire the principle of life But Hippon meant by Water sperm Hippocrates the radical moysture Now the Water whereof we now treat that is necessary to Mankinde either to quench his thirst or to coct and confect Aliments and Medicaments is elementary often designed with the name of the frigid Element And it is either fontane fluvial puteal or pluvial and cysternial It is called fontane water à fundendo because it is poured out of the earth which is preferred as most wholsome Yet some fountains are impaired for passing through the bowels of the earth they require aliene faculties for they mutuate their odour or sapour from the places through which they permeate Thus some which are trajected through sulphureous passages are so hot that they may not be used others because of those veins of Alume and involutions of Vitriol are so acid and ingratefull that a thirsty man would not taste them In Germany beyond Rhene there is a fountain of sweet water whereof if one drink his teeth will fall out within two years In many parts of France there are Medicinal Waters of aliene insuave and strange sapours as the Pucensian Wells whereunto people flock in multitudes yearly and return successfully But I purpose not here to treat of these it shall suffice me to shew at present what qualities water that is potable and requisitely necessary to an Apothecary in confecting Medicaments should be endued withall Now such water according to Aristotle lib. de sensu sensib should in it self be the mixture matter and seminary of all spours or as Galen c. 15. l. 1. c. 2. l. 2. de alim writes should be insipid voyd of all qualities and most light but not in weight as some would hence inferr for then Snow-water would be best because lightest which we know to be unwholsome but it should be of tenuious parts quickly calefied and quickly refrigerated such as fontane and fluvial water is if it be pure in defect whereof rain water by Galen's advice lib. de Ptis may be assumed especially to the confection of Hydromel Yet our Colledge at Paris judge Cisternine waters unwholsome as being dead and having contracted some vice from the air from the spout through which and from the trough into which they delabe for the shower that proceeds from air of an inquinated pestilentious and putrified quality must needs participate thereof the shower that washes the sides of houses must needs be infected with corruption or other filth especially if it wanâ— motion which is the foul of water The shower that is contained in a Cistern though well grounded with sand must needs be corrupted especially when abundance of impure water delabes for then the sand will putrify and inquinate it Hence the water afterwards running out of that Cistern is endued with a very bad odour and sapour and is useless The very condition of rain accelerates its corruption which being partaker of the airs lenity is quickly corrupted Yea many Authors of credit have writ that many Fishes have received detriment by rain as the Muller or Cestreus whose eyes are white and they at that time very macilent The best water therefore is fontane fluvial and puteal water so it be not muddy nor ferid but insipid that is endued with no manifest quality nor mixed with any aliene sapour as of Salt Nitre Sulphur Bitumen Alome or others of that kinde Gal. comment ad part 10. lib. 4. â—pid CHAP. II. Of Wine THE antient Romanes sacrificing to their Gods continually offered Wine whence the Poet Redduntur merito debita vina Jovi For saith Plato they dedicated Wine to the Gods that they might expell all cares from Men and fill their hearts with gladness for Bacchus is the rest bringing God to afflicted Mortals Natures Storehouse contains nothing better than Wine which is the best Balsame to cure wounds the most excellent Cordial to refresh the spirits and the most eximious Aliment to nourish the body which its name seems to denote for it is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is from helping according to that of Homer If thou drinkest thou wilt finde help for it letificates marts heart exhilarates his minde makes his age florid takes away sadness cherishes native calour calefies his bowels helps concoction roborates the stomack takes away obstructions prepares the passages for the exclusion of the excrements moves urine resarciates the spirits discusses flatuosity obtunds frigid poysons attenuates cocts and discussâ—â—â—â—ass humours And that I may comprehend its immense dignity in a few words Wine is the blood of the earth old mens milk life issuing from the Vine that conserves life in others yea and suppeditates them Aqua vitae whence Alchymists call it the Elixar of life All which when the Greek Poer had experienced and acknowledged as most true he did with such alacrity adore Wine for Laudibus arguitur vine vinosus Homerus that he thereby attained not onely the knowledge of abstruse Sciences but alsomost eximious eloquence for Faecundi calices quem non fecere disertum For as it is vulgarly received Wine acuates the ingenuity and rouses the spirits Eunium Aeschylum non scripsisse carniina nisi vino fuerint madidi for which cause the Poet Ennius would never betake himself to the description of Verses unless he were first well madefied with Wine Aeschylus also never accinged himself to write Tragedies unless he had first imbibed himself with Wine It is also storied of Lampris that being then most apt to speak and answer to the purpose and discreetly when he had ingurgitated much wine He was wont to say of himself that he was like Frank incense which never emits its suaveolence till it be well calefied In wine there is eloquence in wine verity in wine alacrity for this as the Proverb hath it will make an old Wife dance It was a Piacle among the Hâ—orews to abstain from wine and a custome among the Persians never to treat and decrae of any serious matters till they had been well drunk Alex. ab Alex. yet Galen saith of Plato that he never permitted Souldiers nor Servants nor Princes nor such as were to consult about any matter to drink wine liberally because it would tyrannize over the faculties of the soul and taken in excess enervate the strength and destroy sanity Whence Hippocrates saith that in wine is sickness and sanity moderation and ferity peace and war
pale mossy flowers and very rough leaves which being good to wipe and exterge glass cups with are thence called Vitreols I finde it also called by some the Herb of the winde but Anemone challenges that name by better right But since Pelitory of the wall is so notorious it needs no further description It is refrigerative and detersive and cures inflammations If it be fryed with Oil or Butter and applyed to the region of the reins it eases the dolour of the gravel there and accelerates its exclusion by reserating the passages and therefore it is duely instituted by Ferâ—elius an Ingredient in the confection of the syrup of Althea CHAP. XV. Of Bete and Arach BEte is either red Beta Atriplex which they commonly call the black Bete or white or yellow for so many sorts are found by their colours Now the red Bete is twofold one is our common red Bete which is not distinct from others in root or leaves but onely in colour the other is the Romane Bete which is somewhat blacker having a very crass root like Rape whence it is called Bete-rape and by many very properly Erythrorise by Fuchius the red Rape but very improperly The white is received most in meats yet its juice may well be used in Errhins for its nitrous faculty will deduce flegm out of the brain And hence we may gather that Bete is not so fatuous and insipid as Martial thought for it troubles and loads the stomack and nourishes little and therefore few but Rusticks and poor people eat it unless it be to move the belly and especially the white which moves and exonerates the belly as the red doth the bladder and therefore it is most accommodate to the confection of Diacassia Atriplex commonly called Arrochy by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is not without reason reckoned amongst the mollitive Herbs for amongst Pot-herbs none subduces the belly more efficaciously and easily than it For it refrigerates in the first degree humectates in the second and is voyd of all sapour it is of a watry and uliginous nature and therefore quickly permeates the inferiour parts and opens the belly CHAP. XVI Of the five Capillaries and first of the true Maidens-hair THere are five Herbs which have much affinity one with another to wit the true Capillus Veneris or true Maidens-hair Capill Vener the common Maidens hair Asplenium or Wall-fern Citrarch Herbae capillares unde habeant nomen commonly called Polytrick or Spleen-wort and Salvia Vita or Wall-rue Some would have Epithymus and Bind-weed or Dodder to be true Capillaries because they resemble hairs and Capillaments whereas these five Herbs are not called Capillaries so much from their external form as that faculty wherewith they colour hairs and resartiate their defect The true Maiden-hair is most frequently found in the Narbonian Tract sometimes but seldome in other colder parts of France that which in one year flourished at Lutetia in the Garden of Joannes Gomerius the expert Apothecary the rigour of the Winter killed ere another year circulated It is a small Herb without stalk flower and seed growing in mountainous rocky shady moyst places and in the brinks of fountains in stead of a stalk it hath many hairs whereon small slender leaves not unlike the leaves of Coriander do adhere whence Mesue calls it the Coriander of the sountain But the name Adianâ—â—m was given it as Theophrastus attests because being long infused in water as all the other sorts of Capillaries also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. it will not be madefied But this assertion fails in long maceration for being long immerged in water it will be madid as other Herbs Galen lib. 6. de simplic med saith that Adiantum Vires as to calidity and frigidity is symmetral it deficcates extenuates digests repairs the loss of fallen hairs discusses swellings and impostumes being drunk it breaks stones and admirably helps all the affections of the breast liver reins and spleen Its virtues are profusely described by Mesue c. 20. de simpl CHAP. XVII Of Common Maiden-hair BEsides the true Adiantum De Adianto vulgari which is the proper Maidens-hair Theophrastus cap. 13. lib. 7. makes mention of two other small Plants of the same name to wit white and black Adiantum both whose branches are of a nitent black colour their leaves alike to wit rugged thick and one side consperged with little red spots their faculties similar but the one putting forth little stalks or nerves blacker than the other is called black Adiantum Their mistake is damnable to the sick who instead of each desume Dryopteris of Oak-fern Some credulous persons think it a miracle that Adiantum infused in water should not be madefied but should so withstand its humidity as alwayes to appear dry from which event it desumed this denomination but its longer demersion in water shews the contrary Some think it so called rather because it is not madefied with the descent of rain like as we see in Fern or because it thrives in the margins of fountains and walls that encompass waters and yet cannot endure to be touched by water as we see Swallows which delight to build their nests in mens houses but will not suffer themselves to be handled by men Adiantum emits out of its slender root compacted of small filaments certain exile sprigs strait half a hand high and sometimes longer sometimes of a whiter sometimes of a blacker green circumvested with little soft leaves after the manner positure and rite of a fern but much more small more green on one side less on another and maculated with some spots It grows best in opake places it is alwayes green never scatters its leaves but is destitute of all flowers and seed Its faculties are commended for many purposes for it prohibites the falling of hairs and repairs their loss it helps such as are pursy and short breath'd it moves flowers discusses swelling in the neek and produces the same effect with true Maidens-hair or Capilus Veneris CHAP. XVIII De Polytricho or of Polytriche AS three Plants are comprehended under this one name Adiantum so three names design one Plant. Polytrichâ—â— For perite Herbalists take Trichomanes Polytrichum and Callitrichum are all the same Herb for Trichomanes is by the Romanes called a Capillary because it compleats the place voyd of hairs Polytrichum is so called because it makes the hair come thicker and Callitrichum because it makes the hair more comly Ruel c. 133. l. 3. Some call this Herb Pinula others Filicula and some Adiantum It grows upon walls and in opake and shady places and about the margins of fountains or in dens as Adiantum doth It s root is small and black out of which there issues little nitid rigid dusky sprigs like Capillaments It hath leaves on both sides very orderly disposed and adversly pediculated like to Lentils in magnitude and form but more tenuious and maculated underneath with
Anise but longer and sharper There are other Plants like this which are taken for it Thus Theophrastus calls Carret Daucus Thus wild Pastinaca and Caucalis borrow the denomination of Daucus It s seed Vires which is frequently used in Medicine calefies siccates opens incides moves flowers and urine and discusses flatuosity We have before treated of Smallage whose seed is reckoned amongst the lesser Calefactives CHAP. XXXVIII Of some eximious Flowers from which most efficacious Waters and Oils are extracted and first of Roses ROse is so common spontaneously growing in every hedge that it cannot but be known There are two sorts hereof one wild which is called Cynorrhodon or Dog-rose the other Garden-rose which we call Rose absolutely whereof there are many sorts to wit red white pale incarnate luteous ceruleous which grows in many places in Italy and the mosellate Rose which flourishes in Autumn Other varieties may be educed out of these by art and mangony but three onely are used in Medicine to wit white red and damask waters are distilled out of the white Honey of Roses Conserve Oil and Unguent of the red and Syrup laxative are made of the damask There are many parts in Roses to wit the flower the stalk capillaments granules little flowers the calix the seed the daun Some call those little flowers that adhere to the capillaments Anthera but Anthera properly is a compound Medicament used to the affections of the mouth as it appears by Actuarius c 7. l. 6. meth med by Celsus c. 11. l. 6. by Oribasius and Marcellus All Roses have not the same faculty for the pale relax the red astringe both roborate as also the common white and sweet Roses for all sweet odours recreate and refresh the spirits as also those vital and animal parts that hold the principality CHAP. XXXIX Of Nymphea or Water-Lilly THis Nymphea which the Poets feign to have sprung from a dead Nymph that was jealous of Hercules is the most used of all water-plants in Medicine whereof Pharmacopolists make two sorts one greater which bea rt white flowers the other less which bears luteous flowers Both grow in standing waters and fens The greater hath ample round and green leaves gracile long smooth and round stalks white flowers in candour and magnitude resembling Lillyes and yellow in the middle a black nodous and long root some call it Water Lilly some Neâ—â—ybar and others Heraclea The lesser grows in a slimy watty soyl on slender stalks about 〈◊〉 cubits long whereon a yellow shining flower grows like a Rose its root is white nodous sharp and sweet Nymphea refrigerates exceedingly asswages salacity Vires retains the immoderate flux of the seed and being drunk and exhibited by way of liniment it quite extinguishes the seed it conciliates sleep and wholly takes away Venery if its decoction or conserve or syrup made of its flowers be long used CHAP. XL. Of Lilly Lilly is by some of the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by others who believe that it was produced by Juno her milk it is called Juno's Rose in Garlands it is placed next to the Rose for its eximious candour suaveolence and elegant form illustrate its dignity This Plant is very fecund for one root will produce and nourish fifty heads It consists commonly of one stalk two cubits high and sometimes higher comous with leaves like Ragwort but something longer twined and green with a flower in form of a basket whole labra constitute a circle out of which bottom issue shining tufts like yellow yearn and whose extremity is tuberous This broad and elegant flower adhering to a small slender and languid peduncle and another to a crass and rigid branch encompassed with leaves which withers about the end of Summer and buds again at the beginning of Autumn There are many sorts of Lillyes for besides the white and common which is so called absolutely there is another they call the white Byzantian Lilly which hath got its distinction from the 〈◊〉 where it grows another there is of a cruent colour another yeâ—â—w another light red There is also a small Lilly they call the Lilly of the Valley and there is a great one they call the Persian Lilly or more commonly the Imperial Crown which the Barbarians of Tusat whereunto we may adde the Day-Lilly Chalcedony Byrantine and such like whereof now to treat were beyond our institution The root of white Lilly is malactical and anodynous and of 〈◊〉 use in decocting glysters and confecting emollitive and matter moving Cataplasms An Oil also may be extracted out of the flowers infused for the same purposes Their water also distilled will take wrinkles out of ones face and make it of a very white colour CHAP. XLI Of Crocus or Saffron WE referr to the order of these eximious flowers Saffron the golden coloured red flower of a bulbous Plant which the Physicians call Crocus the French men following the idiome of the Mauritanians Saffron But it is a bulbous Plant lively and carnous whose leaf is narrow and gramineous whose flower is like meadow Hermodactyle with filaments of a purple and golden colour and whose odour is intense with some sharpness It grows best about fountains and high-wayes rejoycing to be torn and trod upon which as they say comes better on by being killed But the best of all grows in Corycus a Mountain of Cilicia for its odour is more fragrant and its colour more aureous It is green in the Spring it dilates it self all Summer in Autumn are its flowers gathered which are not usurped for medicinary and culinary uses solely but many more when any aureous colour is desired Now Crocus is either domestick whereof Dioscorides enumerates many sorts or sylvestrian whereof Dodonaeus describes more all which for brevities sake I omit It is hot in the second degree dry in the first Vires if moderately used it helps the brain refocillates the senses excites sleep and torpour by recreating the heart it begets joyfulness draws the humours to concoction and much profits him that knows how to use it with prudence Mesue makes an Oil thereof which ingredes the confection of the Emplaster made of Frogs It goes also to other compositions as to the Syrup of King Sabor and to the Oxycrocean Emplaster whereunto it gives not onely colour but also eximious faculties SECTION II. Of Purgative Simples The Preface OUR former Section being finished wherein we have clearly unfolded and explained such common Simples as are as it were Preparatives and occur every where to the composition of Medicaments we will proceed therefore in the next place to describe such Catharticks as purge humours by subdacing the belly and they are such as are given sometimes by themselves alone or mingled with such Compositions as are prescribed in our Shop And these are for the most part exetical and forreign conveyed to us dry from savage and barbarous Regions Yet some we have growing with us especially in hot Regions
comes from Agaria a region of Samatia whence it derives its denomination Now we have very good from Delphinatus a Province of France and many parts of Italy where procerous Larix trees grow copiously on whose trunks Agarick grows which is no root as Dioscorides and Galen conjectured It is hot in the first degree dry in the second it purges flegm liberates obstructions attenuates deterges dissipates flatuosity and eases us of all diseases proceeding from viscid crass and frigid humours CHAP. IX Of Polypody POlypody is so tearmed because many knots and tubercles like the Fishes called Polypi grow on its roots It is also called Dentropteris or tree fern because it grows on trees and sometimes on umbrous stones mossy walls and such humid places It is an herb without stalk flower and seed consisting onely of a root and leaves like masculine fern but lesser and maculated on the under side with yellow spots It s root is hirsute and long about the crassitude of a little finger extending it self obliquely and exasperated with many lumps within it is porraceous and virid like a Pastick nut its sapour is very sweet subamare austere and somewhat aromatical but it doth not much affect the tongue It doth not calefy in the third degree as Mesue thought but it 's probable that it exsiccates in the second it deterges digests and ficcates crass and viscid humours educes melancholick and viscid flegm and that even from the articles if it be copiously assumed It sustains much coction and is seldome given alone but mixed with other purgatives which may adauge its imbecil purgative faculty The broth of an old Cock the decoction of Bete or Mallows much augment its purgative faculty It helps also some affections when it is externally applyed Diosc c. 188. l. 4. CHAP. X. Of Carthamus Bastard or Spanish Saffron AS the nomenclature of Cartham denotes this herb to be purgative so doth Enicus shew it spinous For Cartham is a Plant which as to its faculty is subductive and to its cognation of the sorts of Carduus It assurges on a stalk two cubits high and more which is strait hard ligneous and towards the top ramous Its leaves are long broad from the middle to the stalk acuminated towards the top and aculeated in their ambient The extremities of the branches produce some round heads about the magnitude of Olives obduced with many spinous skins which emit Saffron-colour'd flowers so like them of Crocus that most perspicacious eyes may be deceived in them hence the Vulgar call it the wild Crocus To these succeed long smooth white angulous and splendent seeds effigiated like them of Heliotrope whose cortex is hard and medulla or pith white fat and sweet Cartham is by the Seplasiaries called wild Crocus by the Medicks Cnicum whereof there are two sorts the one sative or vulgar the other wild whereof Theophrastus makes two sorts also the one with a strait caul which women use for distaffs which according to Ruellius c. 155. l. 3. is a kinde of thistle and wild Cartham the other lower grosser and more hirsute which they call Carduus Benedictus of which elsewhere Carthamus seed is purgative Vires for its very pith solely assumed is flegmagogous and mixed with other Medicaments expurges lent and frigid humours but that it calefies not in the third degree sense demonstrates contrary to Galen's opinion CHAP. XI Of Wallwort or Dwarf-Elder WAllwort and Elder are so similar Ebulus that they seem to differ solely in magnitude whence Dioscorides calls them both Elders the one the Arboreous Elder the other the Dwarf-Elder Elder grows into a tall tree sometimes whose boughs and bole are hollow medullous and round like reeds first green then cineritious ligneous and hard Sambucus its leaves are like them of a Wallnut tree but graveolent and in their ambient frequently incided Its flowers are many small white and elegantly composed into heads whose consequents are turgent berries of a sanguineous colour The Elder germinates first of wild trees and is last denudated of its leaves But Wall-wort or Dwarf-Elder is more herbaceous and low whose stalk is neither ligneous nor perpetual but annually tabefying and dying It grows best in moyst and fat soyls especially if they be incultivated Its leaves are ample and incided about Its flowers composed into heads are numerous white odorate not fetid Its fruits like Elders are small round black and pregnant with juice and seed Its roots are crass long and carnous out of its fruits in Autumn they get small seeds which they keep in their Pharmacopolies Both its roots and seeds are hydragogous and very apertive and therefore usefull in hydroptical and watry diseases CHAP. XII Of Esula or Devils milk THere are seven sorts of Tithymals enumerated amongst the lacteous Plants whereunto Esulae are congenerate Esula for they are all lacteous and purge flegm with griping and molestation yet Esula is by the Rusticks taken for Rhabarb and so frequently used to the valitude of many and the death of more It is called Esula or Caula by the Arabians Alsebran by Diascorides Peplus by the Shopmen Esula rotunda because its small leaves are orbiculated It grows in vineyards hedge sides and many incultivated places Another Plant which Dioscorides calls Peplion and Peplis and some water Plantain hath much cognation and the same virtues with this Esula The round and lesser Esula is better than the greater which hath leaves like Tithymal Esula is hot Vires sharp and ulcerative violently educing flegm its substance being tenuious is igneous sharp incisive tenuative fusive apertive and siccative Besides flegm it draws also choler from the junctures It s ferity is castigated by infusion in vinegar as we have shewed in Officina 〈◊〉 8. l. 2. or by admistion of some cordials or roberatives CHAP. XIII Of Hermodactyls HErmodactyls Hermodactylus and Colchian Ephemora are bulbeâ— Plants similar in form in faculties dissimilar for * * * Quick-fading flower Ephemerâ—â—â— is strangulative in one day suffocating the assumer and no way subducing the belly in purging whereas Hermodactyls are no way perilous and yet expurge orderly flegm from the junctures There is also indigenous Ephemerum which some call wild Loâ—ks or meadow Cracus whose leaves are but three or four long broad smooth The difference between Hermodactyls and Ephemerum and fat ones whose flowers are in colour and form like them of Crocus issuing out at the same time to wit in Autumn Iâ— root is like an Onion it grows in meadows and moyst places 〈◊〉 is by some erroneously usurped for Hermodactyle for this being exsiccated is flaccid feeble and not at all purgative nor yet pernicious as the Colchian Ephemerum which is strangulative whereas Hermodactyle is exotical and not flaccid as this but hard compact and easily pulverable which educes humours from the remote parts and junctures of the assumer Now one sort of Ephemerum is lethal and strangulative to
are inferiour to no Medicament in abigating diseases whether it be intrinsecally assumed or extrinsecally adhibited or mixed with other Medicaments The Syrian tenuious and perspicuous is best which will delabe and settle in a vessel full of water which indeed is common to all legitimate Balms The best Balsame but chiefly to that that is desumed out of the famous Garden of the Turkish Emperour where a small tree is cultivated and kept with great sedulity three parts whereof are excerped for the expugnation of many diseases to wit its wood liquor and seed called in the proper idiome of the Medicks Xylobalsame Opobalsame and Carpobalsame which being very rare and not growing in every region are possessed onely by Kings and Noblemen for the vulgar Carpobalsame is not legitimate its faculties being ignave almost inodorate faint rancid exolet and not suaveolent And the same may be pronounced of the wood they call Xylobalsame for it is the caul of Lentisks often so corrupted or inveterate that it is insipid inodorous and inefficacious Medicks have invented three succidaneous Vicegerents for the want of these three for Carpobalsame Cubebs for Xylobalsame new and fresh Lentisk and for Opobalsame the Oil of Cloves and Nutmeg as also the limpid water of Turpentine tree 〈◊〉 as Oil for Turpentine is the very Mother of artificial Balms the parts of whose Plants respond well to the parts of natural Balm There are now two other sorts of Balm circumvected Bal. de Poru the one called Peruvian Balm which is educed out of a certain fruit growing in Peru whereof Clusius makes mention De Tolu Another they call Balm of Tolu from a certain region of India which distills out of a sauciated tree like little Pines both of them are endued with eximious faculties and may be very well substituted instead of Syâ—â—ack CHAP. XVII Of Kermes MAny Plants will onely grow in the Meridional others in the Septentrional and some in both regions as that same grain which the Mauritanians call Kermes which very denomination according to Dioscorides demonstrates the Plant to be exotical and to grow in Asia Armenia or Arabia for in two usurpations it reserves its Arabian nomenclature to wit in the confection of Alkermes and in dying cloaths of a Bermesian colour Now Kermes or Karmas is the name of a suffruticeous Plant Kermes seu Karmas quid and its grain which is vulgarly called Scarlet dye or infectorâ— grain It grows both in the aforesaid places and in Orleans in France and many places in Italy which are hot and tend towards the Meditenancan Sea and it is reposed amongst the aculeous Ilices for their variety is manifold whereof some are glandiserous which grow into tall trees others coccigerous which are lower some bacciferous which are of a middle consistency as * * * Holly Aquifoyl which is frequent and vivacious in the Septentrional soyl Yet some exclude this Plant from the number of Ilices although the two forâ—â—â— have not so much affinity each with other as the later with this The Plant then whereon Kermes grows is a certain small Illeâ— putting forth many cauls which are harder towards the root obtenebrated with leaves continually green long â—â—gged about deâ—se sinuous angulous spinous aculeated and horrid which at the beginning of the Spring conceives as it were a little egge towards iâ— root which it obvallates with pricks supernally devolved which in its growth changes its colour from white to cineritious then to purple and at last acquires a most elegant colour for the whole grain is fuâ—â— of sanguineous liquor which after perfect maturity and too long coaction in its membrane produces worms whereof some are winged Succus Kermes and fly away yet before the procreating of them the liquor may be studiously extracted to the confection of Alkermet and scarlet tincture The generation of these little Animals or may be hindred or their death procured by the aspersion of a little vinegar whereby their exanimated carcasses are collected and coacted into a mass like Vermilion which they call * * * Sâ—â—achul Scaletium and Pliâ—â—y Cusculium for the tincture of purple or skarlet colour This grain is not the fruit but excrement of this Illex or a 〈◊〉 and lucid gum contained in a husk which grows about the root of the leaves This Illex is not onely coccigerous but glandiferous also for the more inveterate surcles bring forth Acorns somewhat longer and blacker than those of the Oaks but then it ceases to produce grains Coccum Baph or * Coccum And therefore these surcles are prescinded that a new spring of surcles may follow and be cocciferous Kermes exceedingly roborates the heart Vires and all its faculties it also astringes precided nerves and wounds by its glutinous sacultâ—â— when extrinsecally adhibited CHAP. XVIII Of Schoenanthum or Squinant S'Choenanthum is an odorate bullrush growing in India from whence it is brought to us in bundles being incicurable by all Art It is a junceous and gramineous Plant whose small dry hard and nodous root emits hard straggling round full not concaâ—e and clear reeds gracile towards the top whose rigid mucronated and pale leaves of half a palms length amplect its gramineous surcles Two sorts of flowers palely red and pappous adorn its suâ—â—ity some call is the reed of 〈◊〉 others Camels food because Apâ—ricane Camels feed on its summities Iâ—s flowers are seldome brought to us with it though it be denominated from them Schoenanthum is moderately calefactive and astrictive Vires and because its parts are tenuious it moderately digests and repells the root is more astrictive than the other parts of the Plant the flower is hotter which potently moves urine and flowers CHAP. XIX Of Folium or Malabather the Indian leaf so called A Certain eximious Leaf is brought to us from India which the Arabians call Cadegi Indi that is Indian Leaf which the Inhabitants call Tamalapatra and the Apothecaries with reference to its native soyl Malabathre It is a leaf like the leaf of the Medicks Apple-tree of a palid green colour with three strokes percurring its longitude it is odorate smelling like Cloves It doth not swim upon water nor grow in the Indian fens nor yet without root as Dioscorides thought but it is desumed from a tall tree far from waters fruâ—icating in dry places Malabathrum is hot in the second degree odorate moves urine Vires emends ones breath keeps cloaths from moths and in other qualities concords with Spicknard which may be well substituted Succidanium when it cannot be had CHAP. XX. Of Spicknard DIoscorides c. 6. l. 1. Species makes mention of two sorts of Spicknard one Indian the other Syrian both growing in one Mountain but the one on that side that looks towards India the other on that that looks towards Syria He afterwards adjoyns the Celtian that grows on the mountains of Liguria which is called Saliunca from its native
leaves which is seldome if at all used in Medicinal Confections Some now of late make a syrup of the flowers of other Nettles for the affections of the lungs and breast which they call Syrupus de Lamis but its effect doth not celebrate it CHAP. VI. Of Flower de luce or Orris ACertain Lilly whose flower in its variegated colour emulates the Rain-bow painted in an opake cloud opposite to the Sun is thence called Iris whereof I have often noted twenty two sorts and varieties which to recenseate were superfluous But two especially are most frequently used in Medicine the one our indigenous flower which is of a ceruleous colour and sweet odour whose root potently educes waters and the Tuscan or Flerentine Iris whose root is white but flower much whiter and both very fragrant which pre-excells the other save in educing serous humours out of the belly All Flower-de-luce hath long leaves like swords and nodous roots except a sew whose roots are bulbous and flowers patulous like Lillyes but with small leaves more reflected three of which lesser sort are interposed amongst the three greater after which two or three husks that are triangular come forth whereon angular seeds are contained The ceruleous Flower-de-luce which some call the Celestial Lilly is most expetible in Pharmacopolies for its root is hydragogous and usefull to the hydroptical and an Oil may be made of its flowers good for many things The Florentinian is best for it is cephalical aromatical cordial incisive and apertive All Flowers-de-luce calefy extenuate cure gripings and expell flowers being according to Dioscorides c. 1. l. 1. universally usefull CHAP. VII Of Helecampane ENulacampane puts forth leaves from its very root which are long late mucronated hispid and numerous its caul is hard of three cubits length or more its flowers are aureous and stellated like Oxe-eye or Flea-bane which turn into knaps the seed which is like Thistle-seed remaining It s root is great crass flave odorate and suaveolent it grows in fat and humid places the best is brought from Helena where the Poets feign that it sprung up from Helena's tears whence it had its name Some say Helena sowed it there to kill Serpents for it is very efficacious against poysons not onely such as infect men but also and chiefly such as harm beasts for given to Sheep in wine and vinegar it keeps them from and cures them in the pestilence whereunto they are obnoxious which the Vulgar call Clavelate Some think that the root of Hellecampane should be desumed instead of the unknown root of Behen to whom I easily assent Succidanium for if Helecampane be not Behen it 's a good substitute Helecampane's ropt is manifestly hot Vires it moves urine and flowers mandicated it confirmates teeth and condited cures the cough Diosc c. 27. l. 1. the decoction of the root epoted cures convulsions orthopnoity pestilence and bitings of Serpents CHAP. VIII Of Cyperus CYperus is a triangular rush growing in moyst and marish places of a cubits or higher procerity whose lower part is white and top black it produces long gracile arundinaceous hard cultellated leaves with panicles depending on its summity amongst which the seed lurk Its roots are round nodous long implicated one amongst another and reptant like grass roots blackish without and subluteously white within which are odorate pleasant and amare The roots are onely usefull the other parts good for little The root excellsses without mordacity Vires potently exsiccating ulcen and perducing them to a skar which for its astrictive faculty is very conducible to the ulcers of the mouth it moves flowers and urine and being drunk helps the stone and dropsy There is another kinde of Cyperus very like this in effigy but its root is more nodous and rotund whence it is called round Cyperus Dioscorides makes mention of a Cyperus in India like Ginger which masticated in the mouth makes the juice of Saffron colour which is amare and acrimonious to the gust and erasive if illited on a place CHAP. IX Of Angelica IT 'S a wonder that the Antients either knew not or spoke not of this noble Plant for whose rare faculties the more recent denominated it Angelica than which Europe produces not a more fragrant and pleasant Plant. It is more than two cubits high with a geniculated skrewed palid cave and ferulaceous caul its leaves are ample soft green and crisped like Alexanders leaves its root is very crass and long sometimes disterminated into many roots most odorate and aromatical out of which an oleous liquor exudes of the same odour with the leaves and branches its seeds are yellowish plain broad and membranous There are three sorts of Angelica Species two domestick and one wild one of the domestick which is above described seems to be a kinde of Laserpitium the other which is lesser is like it in odour form and faculties differing onely in magnitude The wild one is like these in root caul leafs heads odour flower and gust onely its odour and sapour is not so sweet it delights in cold moyst and meadowish places it seems to be that Herb which Dodonaeus and Clusius call Archangelica yet if that name be meet for any Herb it is more proper to the true Angelica It is hot and dry in the second degree Vires it opens attenuates and digests it incides and discusses crass humours it is averse to poysons conduces in pestilentious diseafes moves flowers and recreates the heart and its faculties CHAP. X. Of Libistichum or Ligusticum or Lovage THe affinity in form among Simples causes much ambiguity in discerning their distinct Species for what Laserpitium is how it is differenced from Libisticum how both from Angelica Imperatoria Smyrnium can scarce be collected from the writings of the learned but as much as I can attain by conjecture and reason Ligusticum which in the shops they call Levisticum is a plant in altitude equalising some arboreous shrubs with a geniculated cause hollow within leafes like paludapium but bigger lacinious and as it were disterminated and incided into many parts of a pale green shining colour capitulated with Umbells coronated with small and subluteous flowers shining on every side to which a long round strewed seed succeeds like fennel seed acrimonious to the gust and suaveolent Diosc C. 51. L. 3. It s root is white and odorate like the Hungarian Alheal whence some call it Panacea They erre who think it is Smyrnium or Hiposelinum and they more who contend that it is not onely Silvium or Laserpitium but a succe educed out of that plant and is called Belzoni for this Gumme comes out of a tall tree the Syreniack juice out of Laserpitium which is a ferulaceous plant and out of Libisticum or Lumbrady either no juice is educed or none of it preserved after eduction whether the Syreniack juice be sweet Asa or Belzoin shall be declared in its place Ligusticum growes plenteously in Liguria
Romans the Ploughes remora because its long and fibrous roots remorate the Oxen in ploughing it is also called Acutella because with hard and acure pricks it punges its attingents it is a most notorious plant growing in the middle or margins of fields especially in fat and glutinous soyles and most vivacious of plants For happening upon an accommodate foyl it propagates much emitting every year new surcles which spread themselves over the vicine land so it be cultivated and fat its furcles are short rigid and spinous coronated with leafes like Rue leafes disposed Garland-wise its heads are circinnared its leafs hirsure and suadveolent its flower like Pease blooms but lesser unicolorate and purpureous It s root calefies and extenuates moving Urine breaking and expelling the stone removing obstructions expelling flours and blood and curing the Jaundice CHAP. XVII Of Eryngium or Sea Holly ERyngium is either marine Species which germinating plenteously in maritimous places puts forth broad and angulous leafs circumsepted with hard pricks or campestrian and vulgar whereof there are many varieties some being called the Spanish Pannonian and Alpine Eryngium besides many spurious names The leafs of the vulgar is sected into many acuminated spinous particles its caul is cubital and ramous in whose summity certain globular heads circumcincted with pricks radiate like Stars out of the middles of which heads so horrid with spines issue caeruleous and sometimes flave flowers its root is crasse and long black extrinsecally white intrinsecally succulent sweet and odorate From the indefinite number of its heads many call it centum-caput the rusticks hare thistle and flying thistle for the whole plant withering is evelled by the force of the winds which rolling up and down the fields eminously represents a running hare they mistake that think this is Secacul for Serapio treats of these two in several Chapters and gives them distinct descriptions The Arabians call Eryngium Astaraticon not Scacul or Scekakul yet their faculties being alike as the learned Writers do assert vulgar Eryngium may well be substituted for ignote secacul Eryngiums root is calefactive it deduces the passages Vires moves Urine and flours expels sand out of the reins and bladder and excites venery CHAP. XVIII Of Common grasse SEeing grasse comprehends all plants which bear leafes Species graminis quot or a segetive Idea it is no wonder if perite Herbalists enumerate fourty six differences thereof Yet of all these the dogge-grasse is onely medicative the rest rather affording aliments for beasts then medicaments for man And as dogge-grasse is unknown to none so is it infensive to all Agricolists who with their hands and rakes purge their corn of it which being very feracious would otherwise surrept all aliment from their wheat or vicine plants for it creeps along with numerous genicusated and vivacious radicls which attract to themselves all the fatnesse of the earth Its leafes are hard as broad as them of a small reed tenuious and acuminated whence women call it needle-grasse and dogs-tooth This grasse liberates the reins and other intrals from obstructions Vires and kills the intestines worms the root is more excellent then any other part of the plant CHAP. XIX Of Liqucrice THe whole plant is denominated from the sweetnesse of the root for Glycyrrhiza which Pharmacopolists call Liquorice denotes a sweet root some call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because retained in the mouth it quenches thirst It s root is long numerous spread along the ground which emits a caul of three Cubits high with leaves like Lentisks dense fatt gluminous and gummeous to the touch with purpureous and somtimes white flowers In the Moneth of July or sooner it beares Cods about the bignesse of Vetches or Cicers Theophrastus C. 3. L. 9. calls it Scythica because the Scythians useing a little Liquorice would tolerate thirst eleaven or twelve dayes Children delight herein for which end they demerge small peices of Liquorice in water in a glasse bottle which when it is flave with Liquorice-juice they drink off and put more water thereunto Spanish-Juice which they agitate for more potions The Cappadocians and Spaniards bring us every yeare Liquorice-Juice condensed into Pastills They say it is temperate as to all qualities but accedes nearer to calour Vires it leniates the asperities of the Artery and Ulcers of the Bladder it helpes the Cough moves expectoration and is very good against all diseases in the Lungs and Breast CHAP. XX. Of Cyclamen or Sowe-Bread VArious and many are the nomenclatures of this Sowe-bread for the Barbarians call it Arthanita the Shopmen Hogs-Bread some the Earth-Corke others the Earth-Aple and some Cissophyllon It growes in shady places under Trees in bryars and thick Woods it flourishes in Autumne it bears Leafes like Ivy which are angular crisped about of a greenly purpureous colour maculated with white spots on both sides There is another sort of Cyclamen which hath broad Leaves but scarcely any whit angular but rather round and obscurely maculated And a third sort also which hath lesser roots more purpureous flowers and more suaveolent which some think is that which Pliny calls Chamaecisson Cyclamen is indued with many eximious qualities for it incides potently opens moves floures expells conception though dead cures the Jaundice expells stones it is efficacious against impostumes emends all spots is averse to Poisons either by potion or application drawes menstruous blood and young ones They say if a woman with Child go over the root of Cyclamen she will become abortive Vires but light conjectures oft beguile the credulous The later writers mention two more different from the former in form and magnitude of leaves as also in colour and inversion of their flowers and besides some flourish in the Spring others in Autumn others in the midle time CHAP. XXI Of Scilla or Sea Onyon THat Scilla 〈◊〉 caepacious and delights in hot sandy and maritimous places and growes spontaneously is unknown to few for it is of late called the Sea Onjon And he that hath anatomized an Onyon and a Scilla hath found no difference in their i◠ernals nor yet in their cores yet in leafe flowers and seed they are much dissident When the leaves of Scilla are marcid its Caule assurges to the height of a Cubit with white flowers issuing out of its midle like strawberry-flowers which from thence pullulate to its very summity short triangular and compressed huskes follow these gravidated with black and full seed The stalk is very long and florid because of the threefold emersion of flowers the first wherof which are like them of Bulbus expand themselves for a long season then the second Garland of flowers performes its course and then the last And it is most remarkeable that the Caule and the Leaves never flourish at once for not till the Caule withers will the leaves erupt nor till the leaves become marcid will the Caule assurge contrary to the nature of
they are it who thereupon felt no pain when they were bitt by those cruell Serpents which the judge admired and seeking the cause found that each of them had eaten a Citron the next day he commanded a Citron to be given to one of them and not to the other they were againe lead to their punnishment he that had eaten the Citron felt no molestation the other being all over livid with biteings dyed CHAP. IIII. Of Orenges AUrenges or aureous Apples so called from their colour grow upon a Tree very like the Limmon-Tree in effigies for their colours odours flowers and leafes are the same only they differ a little in that part next the peduncle which in the Orenge is as it were pinnated and double they are dilutely green odorate and concolorate with the Limmon-Trees fruits the Tree whereon they grow is tall ramous perpetually virid and daily pomiferous some growing other falling and others ripening it beares flowers al the year which are white elegant suaveolent and more fragrant in Summer then other times some whereof adhaere to a nodose pedicle and are faecund others are enodous and sterile Aqua Naphae so much celebrated for its suavity and fragrance is distilled from these which Matrons and delicate Courtiers wash their faces hair and hands with Great plenty of Orenges are carried from Spain Italy and France into other regions some whereof are sweet and ingratefull or at least not pleasant to the gust others acid jucund cordiall and gratefull to the palate all round nitent of a Golden colour or very flave whence they are often called Golden Apples The sweet ones are temperate the acid ones refrigerate arceate putretude resist Poysons and corroborate Vires their pills are acrimonious amare and hot which for their gracious odour are used in sawces condited in Sugar it emends the breath of ones mouth CHAP. V. Of Pomegranates THis Tree commonly called Granate and its fruit Pomegranate derives its denomination either from the multitude of graines wherewith it is referted or else from the region of Granata where it fruticates copiously it delights in hot aire and dry ground its leafes are like myrtle leafes which fall off annually its flower is red oblonâ— jucund of aspect and resembles a cup in effigies the vulgar call it Balaustium though that name in Dioscorides his opinion may rather be deduced to the wild ones There are two sorts of Pomegranate-Trees the one wild which is florigerous but withall infrugiferous the other domesticall whereof there are three differences one beares acid Pomegranates another sweet ones and the third dulco-acid ones all of them are angulous and crasse referted with many graines demerged in much juice It s cortex is called Malicore and by some Sedion it is viridly flave like vitriol whereof according to Alcumists it participates its flower is oblong purpureous and fait which Pliny calls Balaustians The whole Pomegranate is astrictive and refrigerative but its succe is indued with the best facultyes which recreates the heart allayes the heat of the stomack and cures the Cholerick passion sweet Pomegranates molest the stomack CHAP. VI. Of Quinces QUinces grow upon a Tree which they call Cotonea or Catonea from M. Cato but the Graecians long agoe called it Cydonea from Cydon a Town in Crete where it was first found but I should rather believe that its name Colonea was given to it because of its tomentitious cortex resembling Cotten for these Apples are vested with a certain dawen like Cotten dawen The Tree from which they are excerped is commonly low assurgeing like a shrub vested with a sharp and gapeing Barke produceing things like scales its boughs are many short tortuous and cineritious its leafes subrotund mucronated green above white beneath soft and lanuginous its flowers albid somwhat purpureous and quinquefolious its fruits crasse very flave tomentitious and odorate emitting an odour jucund to some ingratefull to others its sapour is alike to all flesh luteous succe austere its seed as in other Apples is included in membranes and reconded as it were in Caskets The Quince-Tree is fruitfull in every place but most in hot regions cultivated places and Garden sides for then its fruits will be more and aureous some whereof are rounder shorter lesser and nearer the figure of vulgar Apples which are called Quinces absolutely others greater crasser longer turbinated and more like Peares vulgarly called Coignacea which are not so good as the former Some also are more candid others strutheous all more luteous and almost aureous whence they are called Chrysomels or Golden Apples such as are more lanuginous and by their fragrancy affect the heads of some men make very many eustomachicall medicaments as conserves waters and syrups of Quinces whereof there is much use both in health and sicknesse Quinces can searce be eaten crude when cocted they are more gratefull to the palate Vires they roborate the ventricle allay vomiting represse the flowers of the belly conduce to the dysenteriack and collicall as also to such as either spit blood or are infested with an immoderate flux of flowers or haemorrhoids CHAP. VII Of Medlers A Medler is a certain round Apple at first green and somwhat hispid afterwards it is yellow and soft some call it Tigranum and Galen calls it Tricoccum because it containes three lapideous or osseous graines instead of seeds yet somtimes four and somtimes five are found in it according to the number of its unguicles issuing out of its patulous bosse or head this fruit is so acerb before maturity that one cannot tast of it but when mature it is gratefull and wholesome for the last course The Tree from which it is decerped is of two sorts one wild and spinous growing spontaneously in Woods and Hedges which beares small oblong Apples very acerb before maturity and not very gratefull after the other domesticall so made by culture and insition whose Apples are more crasse and full though a little compressed round and gapeing on one side both are tortuous and rigid but this is lesse spinous Dioscorides calls it Setania Theophrastus Satanea It assurges to the magnitude of a vulgar Apple-Tree with boughs that are hairy and circumgyred promisse and not broad leafes white and quinquefolious nowers whereunto Apples succeed called Medlers which are of a moderate magnitude with late heads discreted with five unguicles or leafes its substance is white and sapour austere till maturity and then it is yellow and sweet Immature Medlers are acerb and astrictive yet their Powder according to Aâ—t Musa breakes and excludes stones in the Reins Vires to which effect their officles or seeds brayed and assumed are thought most conducible they are commended for cohibiting belly flux and roborating its parts CHAP. VIII Of Sorbe Apples SOrbes are small Apples in quality like Medlers in formes and magnitude very dissimilar for both at first are green hard acerb unfit to eat by maturity yellow soft grateful to
slenderer and lower then the other whose leafes are like Rue and virgults aculeated out of which a succe is educed which retaines the name of its Arbuscle Acacia because of whose rarity we substitute the succe of the wild Plum-Tree out of which laudable Gum flowes forth at first pellucid as glasse sincere and contracted into the species of a vermicle afterwards white sordid resinous and uselesse It is efficacious in spissating and refrigerating Vires it is commodiously mixed with ocular and arteriall medicaments it obstructs the pores of the skin is represses prociduous eyes that it may be more easily pulverated it must be verberated in a hot mortar with a hot Pestell CHAP. IIII. Of Gumme Tragacanth GUm-Tragacanth is pellucid white sweet light and sincere which flowes from the vulnerated root of a certain Plant of the same name this root adhaeres to the surface of the Earth and emitts low and rigid surcles whereon are many and slender leafes which cover white straight and firm spines this arbuscle which the Greeks call Tragacantha and the Latines Spina herci growes in Crete and many places in Asia which emitts its succe spontaneously and without incisure as Theophrastus asserts contrary to Dioscorides who saith that this Plant hath no need of vulneration which though it be exoticall and seldome seen by our herbalists yet I saw it cicurated and florid in the Garden of Jo. Gonnerius that perite Physitian yet it s coagulated succe which the Gentiles call Tragacanthum and the Apothecaryes Dragaganthum is sufficiently known to all it cannot be easily laevigated unlesse the Morter and pestle be hot It s use is commended to ocular medicaments in a liniment with Honey or Sugar Vires it emends the roughnesse of the artery coughs retusenesse of voice and other defluxions CHAP. V. Of Gum Ammoniacum THis Gum is called Ammoniack because it distills upon the Sands neare Jupiter Ammons Oracle but from what Plant is uncertain Pliny saith it flowes from a Tree they call Metopion Dioscorides sayes it emanates both from a shrub they call Agasyllis and from a ferulaceous Plant but the ferulaceous Plants can scarce be called fruticall Galen asserts that it is the Tears of Ferula from which is collected both a sincere dense Gumme conspurcated with no sordidity and coacted into small glebes as also an impure and inquinated one which Dioscorides call Phyrama who calls the other Thrausma That is good which is inquinated with no sandy terrene nor extraneous matter effigiated like masculine frankincense graveolent and amare the Apothecaryes call it corruptly Gum Armoniack it may be dissolved in Water Vinegar or White-Wine It is so efficacious a mollitive that it dissolves the stoney disease of the Junctures and discusses other tubercles it cures indurated Milts Vires and in drink liberates from obstructions it moves urine and flowers and extrudes stones CHAP. VI. Of Lacca and Cancamum WHat Lacca and what Cancamum are whether they be both one or distinct and what each of them is doeth not appeare by the writings of Authours Serapio Paulus and Matthiolus believe that Lacca is that which Dioscorides calls Cancamum Brasâ—volus Garcias ab horto and Clusius think it is a distinct thing who being desirous to find out the truth have lustrated various tracts of the world and think that Lacca is not only distinct from Cancamum but also unknown for seeing it is only used for perfumes and we have many more fragrant and suaveolent Thymiamata it hath not been so diligently sought after moreover being exoticall the Tree from which it delabes growing as it is thought in Arabia our Merchants have not deigned it worth the search and portage however it is a kind of Gum of a virous sapour sweet odour and rare use Now Lacca is destitute of both these qualityes frequently invented neither the Arabian Chermes nor the succe of Sorbe-Tree nor Medlar-Tree nor yet like Myrrhe as Avicenna writes who it may be knew it not but if Garcias de horto may be credited it is a kind of Favago and concreted liquor on the boughs of a vast Tree coacted by the sucking and help of winged Ants. And this Tree growes not in Arabia but in India especially in the province of Pegu where Lacca is called Trec as also in Bengala and Malavar where it is called Loc and Lac. Garcias indeavours to establish and confirme this opinion by reason and much History striving also to prove out of Amatus Lusitanus that Cancamum is an Aroma otherwise called Anyme whereof he constitutes two varietyes the one white which also according to Brissotus a Physician of Paris is Dioscorides his Cancamum and the other somwhat black which myrrhe or rather Mynea or Amynea Thus the obscurity of the thing Vires drives us to the affinity of names there to investigate the truth but if I may speak freely I think that Anyme or Amynea as some will have it Myrrhe and Cancamum are three distinct things and that that which the shopmen call Lacca is that same which the ancients called Cancanum who being ignorant of some words depromed from the Barberians believed such things as they heard though never so slackly and so by calling Cancamum Lacca left this liberty of discussing to the ensuing posterity Some maintaine this opinion saying that there are three sorts of Lacca one is Dioscorides his Cancamum which scarce any ever saw the second common Lacca the third factitious which Dyers use whereof there are more differences which for brevitys sake I omit The vulgar Lacca is hard pellucid and yellow like Myrrhe circularly involving the surcles of an exoticall Tree which is not I think elicited elaborated and cohibited to the boughs of that Tree by the sucking and labour of Indian Ants as Garcias affirmes but exudes and concretes spontaneously like other Gummes and Teares for these animalls labouring for victualls in Summer against Winter do not expose their panifice to the injuryes of the aire and Heavens on boughs but recond it in Caves and Holes and few I hope will believe that Indian Ants will labour in vain for Lacca and not congest and coact it for meat but desert it That which is brought to us circumvests the sticks of the Tree is hard and pellucid easily dissolvable in water and this ingredes the trochisckes of Carabe and Dialacca and not the factitious Lacca as some perperously imagine It is not so much celebrated for medicinall as other mechanicall uses Vires as to the makeing of sealing Wax and infecting such tinctures as are put upon ligneous vessells and adorning other colours for it makes them shine elegantly CHAP. VII Of Dragons-Blood THe pervestigation of Dragons-Blood hath exercised many wits for some following the erroneous opinion of Pliny think that it is the Blood of a Dragon animate smitten by an Elephant which errour Solinus doth not only embrace but holds that Cinnabaris is that same which Apothecaryes call Dragons-Blood Serapio
〈…〉 the best whereof is translucid yellow white within 〈…〉 graveolent and crasse in substance 〈…〉 calefyes in the third degree siccates in the second 〈…〉 crasse Phlegme and other viscid humours as Mesue attests 〈◊〉 puâ—gative faculty is in some very ignave in others potent 〈◊〉 â—â—â—her drunk or used by way of suppository it evokes flowers 〈◊〉 the young cures the dolour and praefocation of the uterus â—â—â—â—ves attenuates dissipates moves and solves CHAP. X. Of Galbanum GAlbanum is also the concrete succe of a Syrian Ferula copiously growing in the Mountain Amanus which succe some â—â—ll Metopium Dioscorides knowing this Gummeous succe better 〈◊〉 the Plant left nothing in writing of its dignotion but as the 〈◊〉 are well known so also are their liquors and succes and 〈◊〉 not only by their consistency but colour odour sapour and â—â—â—tyes for Galbanum in aspect repraesents Asa in odour Opopanax The best is cartilaginous syncere like Gumme Ammoniack not lighous in which there is some ferula seed graveolent not very â—â—â—id nor squalid this as all other Gummes may be easily dissolâ—â—â—d in water Vinegar or Wine It is excalefactive extractive discussive it accelerates flowers deliverance in Child-bearing either by admotion or suffumigatiâ— dissolved with Vinegar and mixed with a little nitre it deleats pimples it discusses boyles and lumps on the junctures Vires it is adâ—â—â—â—d Poysons and drives away Serpents CHAP. XI Of Opopanax THat Opopanax is the succe of Panax both its name demonstrates and Dioscorides affirmes but seeing there are 〈◊〉 sorts of Panax it is not apparent out of which of them it 〈◊〉 Mesue saies it flowes from the ferulaceous Panax Dioscorides 〈◊〉 thâ— Heraclean and some say from the Chironian Panax Dodonâ—us tells us that it distills from a perâ—griâ—â— Panax 〈…〉 the Syrian Panax which hath ample sharpe hirsâ—â—â— long and broad leafes a geniculated and â—erulacâ—ous Caule of 〈…〉 four cubits heighth supernally disterminaâ—ed into many 〈◊〉 with luteous flowers erupting out of ample umbells after which broad plain and subflave seeds do emerge its root is whitâ—â—◠〈◊〉 succulent and odorate a Gummeous succe flowes out of it 〈◊〉 vulnerated especially towards the root in summer which 〈◊〉 and many more call Opopanax which is laudable for many uses as the nomenclature of the Plant from which it flowes demonstrates for Panax or Panaces denotes the abigation of all doâ—â—â—s and the remedy of all diseases hence many Pseudomedicks call some medicaments which are more perilous then the diseases Panaceous remedyes thus did a lying drunken vain salacious Psâ—â—domedick deceive many Country and credulous persons while he lived Opopanax is a kind of Gumme easily dissolvable by water kercaleâ—yes in the third degree siccates in the second mollifyes digests Vires attenuates dissipates flatuosity leniates and expurges that which is very amate white within or somwhat yellow â—aiâ— under â—â—iable easily liquâ—stible and graveolent is good the 〈◊〉 and loft is not good CHAP. XII Of Sarcocolla SArcocolla is both the name of a peregrine Plant and a Gumme flowing out of it it growes in Persia it is fruticous and spinose with nodose boughs appressed to the Tree which sauciated and somtimes spontaneously lacrymates a kind of Frankincense like Powder of a yellowish colour and amare sapour It calefyes in the second degree siccates not so much it cocts deterges carnifyes and glutinates whence it is called Sarcocolla Vires for it heales wounds wonderfully for it doth by a proper faculty expurge them from filth repleate them with flesh and obduce them to a skarre The Arabians say that Sarcocolla doth not only subduce the belly but educe crasse and viscid humours from places much dissited as from the cavityes of the Articles but reason and their effects seem to refragate this it doth indeed with much efficacy conglutinate wounds inhibite the fluxions of the eyes and digest but not so much as Galbanum if it be five dayes macerated in Asses milke in a glasse-vessell and the milk daily changed it will exceedingly help such as have pearls or dimme and clowdy eyes CHAP. XIII Of Gumme of Jvy THe trunk of the greater Ivy vulnerated and somtimes spontaneously elacrymates a certain Gummeous succe of an aureous colour graveolent and sharpe to the gust which they call Ivy-Gumme Now Ivy is a Scansory Tree which circumvests walls and vicine Plants which it kills with its multifarious convolutions and virour Wherof there are two prime kinds the one greater which erects it selfe on high the other lesser which creeps along the ground with slender and obsequious branches neither beareing flower nor fruit There are three varietyes of the greater Ivy one is called white Ivy because it beares white berryes another black that beares black ones and the third barren that beares none which some take for the lesser Ivy. The white beares white berryes and somtimes white leafes emitting certaine branches or capreols out of the midst of its leafs wherewith it so strictly complects the Trees that it kills them by sucking their humour from them or so pertinaceously adhaere to walls that they can scarce be sejoyned for it emitts as many beginnings and rudiments of roots as it doth branches and remaines so vivacious that though intercised in many places yet it tabefyes not The black and more vulgar which they call Dionysia creeps upon Walls and old aedifices and amplects Trees with its radicall fingers its leafes are angulous for at first they are triangular afterwards more rotund hard and nitent with perpetuall viridity its flowers are small berryes at first herbaceous then black adhaereing racemously upon oblong pedicles other haederaceous matters are so notorious as not to need further explication All Ivies are hot and seldome used in medicine except the leafes which are adhibited by way of Sparadrappes to the fonticles left by Causticks that they may alliciate watry and serous humours to those parts Vires its Gum kills Nitts which by its exceeding calour impresses a sense of adustion and denudates the head of haires for it is a good Psyloter SECT VIII Of Rosines CHAP. 1. What Rosine is and of its Varities ROsine by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a lachryma or liquor fat Quid. and oleaginous distilling from a tree often spontaneously and sometimes by vulneration That which emergeth spontaneously is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 All Rosine consisting of an oleous substance and tenuious parts is more promptly dissoluble in oleous and affine liquors and therein dissident from Gumme which consisting of a more aqueous substance is more expeditely and accurately soluble in aqueous liquors If we look to the consistency of Rosines we shall finde them of two sorts the one liquid by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is humid or fluxile as Turpentine the other harder and dryer by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is broiled or rosted
and is fat viscid white with spots and of a persevering odour is best the furfurous hoary and inodorate is naught There comes also very good to us from Cyprus Sidon and Pisidia It eructates out of a tree like a Quince-tree but its leaves are lesser less rigid and hoary on the averse part its flower is white of the magnitude of an Orange-tree's flower but not so in odour small berries included in three ungles and adhering to long pedicles grow on its surcles The concreted liquor of this tree is much celebrated which besides the aforesaid qualities permanes very long suaveolent Storax califies Vires mollifies concocts cures the Cough heaviness hoarsness and whether introsumed or applied opens the Matrix and moves flowers it is a good ingredient for cordial and laetificative Antidotes it is adverse to such poisons as hurt or kill by refrigeration By way of liniment it discusses swellings in the neck and knots of sinews AN APPENDIX Of gummeous Rosines improperly so called There are certain concrete liquors which fall within the verge of our Institutions which do possess a medium between the nature of Gumme and Rosines neither are they so easily nor speedily dissolved with water as some are nor with oyl as others but either they subside or burn to the bottom or else grow harder and so thereby are more averse from commixion Of which sort are Bdellium and Myrrhe CHAP. 4. Of Myrrhe MYrrhe which the Greeks call Smyrna is the concreted gummeous succe of a certain tree growing in many Regions in Arabia as Sabe Adramyta Citibaena and Mamali This myrrhifluous tree is of a moderate magnitude with a hard caul contorted towards the earth smooth back like Purslain and aculeated leaves like an Elm. Dioscorides makes it like the Aegyptian Spine others like the Turpentine-tree Diodorus assimilates it to the Lentisk yet so as it is more spinous and lower for it is seldome above five Cubits light It grows most frequently in saboulous dry and incultivated places but most floridly in cultivated soyls They incide it from the root to its boughs out of which wounds it emits Myrrhe but it spontaneously distils a kinde of stillatitious dew before its back be opened which they call Stacte and many imperite Pharmacopolists Liquid Storax falsly asserting That it distils from the same Tree But we have before declared that they flow from different trees and that there is no liquid Storax unless that we call Stacte whic his no Storax But I return to Myrrhe and the arbuscle from which it flows which is exotical and prergrine rough spinous with sharp and reuleated leaves and in sapour like Juniper It delights and fruticates copiously in the same soyl and region with Frankincensetrees its wound elacrymates a coagulated Gumme of the same name with the tree That which is fragile smooth concolorate in small lumps amare acrimonious odorate and hath veins candid and smooth like nails is best That which is collected of the sative tree is better then that of the sylvestrian but that is preferred before all which bears the name of the place where it is had and is called Troglodytical Myrrhe which is somewhat green of colour splendent and mordacious There is one sort they call Pediasimos another Gaby both which are good and emit plenty of Stacte There are two bad sorts one they call Caucalis which is black and torched the other Ergasima which is the worst it is macilent and hoary there is also another called Mynaea as ill as can be There is so much affinity betwixt Myrrhe and Bdellium that many think they do not differ but the contrary shall be proved by and by both of them may be dissolved in watery and oleous liquors but neither accurately nor easily Myrrhe califies and siccates in the second degree Vires opens the occluded Matrix moves flowers and accelerates the deliverance of young Commanducated it emends the graveolence of the mouth Stracte which is much celebrated for its suavity and efficacy may be substituted for Opobalsamum but Stracte is more rare it roborates the stomack and principal parts arceates putretude recreates the spirit and cures many diseases from the Uterus and brain CHAP. 5. Of Bdellium THere is a tree in Bactria which is black of the magnitude of an Olive with leaves like an Oak and fruit like a Fig-tree not insuave whose lacryma some call Brochon some Malathram others Maldacon and the Pharmacopolists Bdellium That which is amare to the gust translucid when broken fat when rubbed and incended odorate liquestible like Wax or Bulls-glue soft and void of sordidity is approved Galen commends the Scythian Pliny the Bactrian Dioscorides the Saracenian Bdellium The Indian sordid black Bdellium convolved into gobbets is the worst some call it Adrobolon that which grows in Media called by Physicians Parthian Bdellium Furthermore out of what tree Bdellium exudes is not concluded of amongst grave and learned men some say it flows from one like that which emits Myrrhe other affirm the contrary Neither can I at present determine this doubtful cause Perhaps they both come from plants much alike one from a sative tree the other from a wilde one as we see many Apples Pears and Plums much different in odour colour and sapour which grow on trees very much agreeing However Bdellium is no whit rare and we have it as good as ever the Ancients designed it It califies Vires mollifies resolves it discusses hardness and gurtural tumours and humid burstings it relaxates the spiracles of the Matrix either by admotion or suffumigation it extracts floors young and all humours Being drank it breaks the stone and expels urine it is excellent for mixture with a Pultess against the hardness and knots of sinews SECT X. Of other humours and juyces arising from Plants THe humour of Plants saith Theophrastus by an usual Nomenclature called Juyce is the proper blood of the Plant which if the Plant wants it withers and perishes but if it abounds it waxes young and flourisheth but this succe or humour is various according to the variety of the Plant. For in some it is crass liquid viscid glutinous fryable gummeous In others fat oleous odorate rosinous In some melleous lacteous salsuginous as we have declared before Of gummeoue rosinous and oleaginous Juyces we have spoken sufficiently before It remains nor that we treat of other Juyces more gross and terrestrial CHAP. 1. Of Opium POppy is either sative or wilde of both which there are many species the succe expressed and concreted from the satives is called Meconium Meconium onely the lacryma or succe of the black Poppy whether spontaneously or by vulneration eructing from its heads is for its dignity by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Opium Whereof there are many varieties respondent to the varieties of the Regions where it is collected The Theban Opium and that which is brought from Cairus are whitish and
the best those that come out of Syria Alexandria and other Regions are black and not so good the latter Writers also assert That the best Opium flows from white Poppy That which comes from Cambaia flows from the great Poppy there called Carcax each of whose heads equalizes in magnitude an Estriches Egge so that it is no wonder that such plenty of succe should erupt from them when vulnerated All agree not about the qualities of Opium for Dioscorides and many more say it is cold in the fourth degree Its qualities Matthiolus opposes them from its odour and acrimony I think it is of a mist quality participating of a light and fugacious calidity but a more valid and contumacious frigidity Besides its elementary qualities it hath others also which much commend it if exhibited opportunely and in a just dosis and much discommend it if unduly used for it doth not onely induce tremour and palsey but leads to a perpetual sleep Rightly prepared and rightly administred it helps much for it cures perpetual watchings by conciliating sleep it allayes and deceives the fierceness of any dolour by making the sense more stupid It is much used in Mauritania and Asia where they call it Amfium and Osium as though Opium were the most admirable exhilarator of the minde and erecter of the body whereunto they have so accustomed themselves that if they should totally abstain from it they would periclitate their lives The Turkish Souldiers used to eat it that they might be more chearful for battel and like drunken or mad-men precipitate themselves carelesly into danger Some think it stimulates to venery but reason and experience refragate its use rather arceating its heat by making the motion of the flesh more ignave CHAP. 2. Of Elaterium ELaterium is numerated among mochlical Medicaments which agitate the body by a turbulent motion which though it be violent yet Hippocrates used it Sect. 2. Lib. de loc in hom Now it is seldome usurped except in a few Regions in Italy where some take it for the curation of such diseases as milder remedies will not profit Elaterium according to Theophrastus is the inspissated succe of a wilde Cucumer which by a special propriety will keep two hundred years it is saith he the most diuturnal of all Medicaments and that is best which is oldest which to experience a certain Medick having received some for a gift very old kept it till its two hundred years were expired The cause why it endures so long I think is its copious humour whereby it extinguishes a Candle if it be set near it till fifty years be perfected The manner of its extraction and inspissation is notorious which he that knows not may learn of Dioscorides Wilde Cucumer which we call anguine or asses Cucumer is very like the sative onely its leaves are not so angulous and more hoary its fruits are lesser palely green and full of seeds and succe which leap out at the first touch like siliquous Arsmart which they thence call Nolime tangere The wilde Cucumer Vires and succe of its fruit which they call Elaterium saith Galen are accommodated to Medicine The succe is very amare hot in the second degree it moves flowers kills young and by moving the belly educes waters CHAP. 3. Of Ladanum LAdanum is a kinde of liquor exuding out of the leaves of Cistus growing in Cyprus where it is called Ledon which if Dioscorides say true is collected by the she-goats for the Kids and Goats feeding upon the leaves of Cistus whose innate pinguetude in the spring-time they deterge and receive with their beards and carry it on their hairy legs whereunto it adheres which afterwards the Incolists kemb off and percolate making it into lumps and so keep it calling it Ladanum Some reject this manner of accepting Ladanum as fabulous and yet substitute not an easier way It is indeed so tenacious and viscid that it will easily follow contact and may be excerped otherwise The Cyprian odorate greenish soft Ladanum that hath not gathered sand and filth is the best The Arabian is more vile and worse It is calefactive and mollifies opens the orifices of the veins Vires mixed with black Wine Myrrhe and Oyl of Myrtle it keeps on deciduous hair It flows not from Cissus that is Ivy as Pliny thought but Cistus a small surculous lignous shrub emitting long and blackish leaves glutinous to the tact which in the Spring exude a certain fat odorate and rosinous matter which collected by any Art is called Ladanum It bears small whitish flowers like little Roses CHAP. 4. Of Hypocistis BEsides Ledon or the Ladanigerous Cistus there are two other varieties the one Masculine Cistus masc out of whose roots springs Hypocistis whose spurious branch is like to a Quince-tree some call it Ludonorum others Robethron Fuschius fungus its succe is extracted as that of Acacia concreted and kept The other Cistus is Foeminine which bears long Cistus foem and not angust leaves white and small flowers and small seed in a triangular hull it is very like the Ladanigerous Cistus The Masculine Cistus is a small shrub greater then Thyme with leaves like Basil but rounder rosaceous flowers like them of the Foeminine but lesser with a lignous and hard root out of whose middle Hypocistis pullulates as viscum out of an Oak and other trees Hypocistis is very rare in whose stead we use Acacia Vires whose saculties are analogous though more imbecil it is chiefly astrictive it helps the Dysenterian collical and all fluxes of blood It siccates also and roborates and is a very efficacious remedy in all fluxions CHAP. 5. Of Tartar AS the substance of Milk part whereof is butyrous and ligher part caseous and crasser and part serous and moderate is not homogeneous so neither is the substance of Wine part whereof is tenuious and is called the flower of Wine part somewhat heavier occupying the middle of the Hogshead and part more crass which settles to the bottom which some call Lees and the more recent Tartar perhaps because this is the Empyricks Idol as Tartac was the Hevaeans But I rather think it so nominated because it possesses the lowest place And though Tartarum be but Lees of Wine yet is it indued with many faculties for as some excrements in an humane body are benigne and useful as Sperm Milk and other humours included in other parts for certain uses so are these dregs useful for as the Proverb goes No Wine without Lees for this excrement conserves it longer from corruption as ashes do fire from extinction Tartarum included in a Cloth-bag and suspended in a Wine-cellar or other moist place will exude an oleous humour which they call Oyl of Tartar which delabes from the Canvas bag into the vessel subjected as we have shewed in our Officinary It may be educed also by ascent but the work will be more and to less purpose The ashes of
burned Tartar is frequent at Paris and very expetible to dealbate sayls which the vulgar call Gravellata It is celebrated for many other uses Vires for Tartar according to Cardanus hath no equal in detersion which purges sordid and hard lumps and excrescencies of flesh and shews the sound and living flesh CHAP. 6. Of Liquorice Juyce THe succe of Liquorice is expetible for many uses for it is eximiously bechical being successfully assumed solarly for the affections of the lungs and breasts and frequently with no less benefit mixed with other Medicaments Galen extols that which comes from Crete The Greeks call it Glycyrrhiza the shop-men Liquorice Celsus Sweet-root the Batavians Sweet-wood for its succe exhibits a sweet and grateful sapour which is thus educed The roots of Liquorice collected in July while new and humid are purged and brayed then cocted in water percolated and expressed the succe expressed is siccated by evaporation by the fire The way to juyce of Liquorice or Sun and kept That is best which is sweetest soft new pure tenacious blackest and which is totally liquescible upon the tongue That which comes from Spain is much commended where it is made both copiously and well Liquorice is without of the colour of Box within croceous its wood is viscid and not easily frangible its sapour sweet quenching thirst whence it is called adipsas That which is white or black within exucce old fragile and which makes dust by its fracture is not good We have spoken hereof in the fourth Section of our first Book CHAP. 7. Of Wax BEes are wonderful sagacious industrious and sedulous in collecting and confecting Wax which without their help no part of the world can perform for these little animals can solely act that which man cannot these Infects solely do suppeditate both Aliments and Medicaments to man by their own opifice And yet the commodities of Wax are so many and so great that they cannot be easily recenseated The flave odorate moderately fat pure coacted Wax which is void of all aliene matter eadnearest representing Honey is best In the second place we take that which is candid whether it be so naturally as the Pontian Wax or artificially by lotion as the Tyrrhenian Other colours are acquisititious as green by Verdegrease red by Vermillion black by Ink or burned paper From which mixture it changes its qualities New subflave Virgin-wax is best It is in a mean betwixt heat and cold humidity and siccity yet it is somewhat crass and emplastical Wherefore it is the matter both of calefactive and refrigerative Medicaments All Wax mollifies califies according to Dioscorides Cerae lotio dealbatio and moderately expletes the body It is good in broth for such as have the bloody flux That it may be dealbated it must be melted at the fire then demerged in pure Fountain-water where it must be stirred and expurged Dioscorides describes another way to make it most candid which see in his second Book Chap. 105. CHAP. 8. Of certain other succes more aptly described in another place SUcces are kept either in a liquid consistency as Vinegar Wine and Omphacium or in a solid one as Aloes and Scammony or else in a middle consistency as Rob and Sapa of each whereof we have treated in order partly in our Shop partly in our first Book of Medicinal Matter And since I am so farre from approving of things ten times repeated that the second time offends me I will not now return to the examination of what I have before delivered for I could willingly wish this short Work had been contracted into a lesser bulk As for Aloes and Scammony they being Purgatives we have treated sufficiently of them in the second Section of this Book wherein we have accurately described the nature and faculties of all purgative Simples As for the succes of fruits inspissated to the consistency of Rob and Honey we have handled them in the fifth Section and the first Section of the first Book speaks copiously of liquid succes Opopanax hath its name from Panax whose succe or rather gummeous liquor it is which when concrete and dry is subflave without candid within graveolent smooth fat fryable and easily liquescible in water Galen makes mention of other succes as Glacium and Licium but because they grow obsolete they are seldome or never kept in Pharmacopolies Finis Libri Primi THE SECOND BOOK OF Medicinal Matter SECT I. Of Minerals THE PREFACE THe matter of Medicaments is multifarious not onely because it arises from Plants Minerals and Animals of which we have treated before but also desumed from the Universal Tribe of Plants It remains now that we treat of Minerals which indeed do daily supply us with plentiful matter for Medicine and that sometimes melioris defectu of eximious qualities whereby we oppugn and resist contumacious diseases of their malignity but especially I say for outward uses nothing more excellent and very conducible to the health and sanity of inward parts For there are certain Minerals which by a roborative faculty do recreate the spirits as the Lemnian Earth Oriental Bole and Precious Stones Of all which we intend briefly but clearly to treat in this our second Book And although they are called Minerals or Fossiles which are digged out of the bowels and hidden Caverns of the earth as all kindes and sorts of Earths Stones and Metals yet they carry a more ample signification and do comprehend under them all that is found in the Bosome and Belly of the Sea in Gulfs and on the Sea-shore as all sorts of Salt and Bitumen Therefore all Minerals are not onely of the Earth as Aristotle hath delivered but some of the Sea as Salt Bitumen and several kindes of Stones of which we intend distinctly to Treat But the method of our Institutions doth require us that we handle them briefly therefore we shall hasten to the examination of them and Rank them into a Treble File by dividing this our Book into three Sections In the first we shall dispute the Nature and Qualities of Earths in the second of Stones and in the third of Metals CHAP. 1. Of Terra-Lemnia THe best of medicinal Earths is that which coming from the Isle Lemnos the shop-men call Lemnian Earth and sometimes Sigillated Earth from that seal that is impressed upon it There are many varieties hereof the best of which used to be formed into Cakes and signed by Diana's Priest with her Sigil which represented a She-goat But the true sigillated Earth according to Dioscorides and Galen is flave or yellow as the hill is whence it is digged on which hill neither Tree nor Herb nor Plant fruticates nor a stone to be seen onely this kinde of Earth in abundance Yet such Cakes are brought to Constantinople of a cineritious colour noted with the Sigil of the Turkish Emperour which is effigiated with no Animal onely some various Characters and these are bought and kept for
burn and not be extinguished till all its oleous and fat substance be absumed All Sulphur is not alike in colour for some is green some more luteous some cineritious and some pallid or lucid Whence we may gather That it is of more sorts then two Pliny also enumerates four some whereof are harder others fatter and others more inflammal That Sulphur whereof Alchymists tell many vain and ridiculous stories is not common Sulphur yet it is mixed though they assert that it is a principle of mixture But no more of that in this place There is a certain fat liquor very efficacious Oleum Sulphuris educed out of Sulphur yet such as may not be used imperitely lest it do more harm then good There is a powder also made of Sulphur against the vices of the Lungs whose event demonstrates its excellency That Medicament which Mesue calls Diasulphur is hence denominated Sulphur califies cocts resolves cures Coughs Vires and difficulty of breathing taken in an Egge or burned and its smoke catched moves spittle mixed with butter or swines-grease it mitigates and kills the itch erupting on the whole body and mixed with Turpentine it cures Tetters rough nails and scabs CHAP. 10. Of Amber-grise AMber-grise which was unknown to the Ancients is neither the seed of Balena nor excrement of any other Whale nor yet the dung of any Birds educated in the Isle Maldina with odoriferous herbs which dung is by the sea wash'd of those Rocks as some somniate nor yet any kinde of maritimous Mushrome eradicated by the Sea as many have asserted nor yet any thing made of Ladanum Aloes wood Storax and Civer as Fuschius credited but a certain kinde of Bitumen by storms driven from the Fountains and Chanels of the Sea to the shore where exposed to the air it speedily condenses as many things do which while they are in the water are soft and tender but eructed become dry and hard as Amber Perhaps as it is storied a great quantity of Amber-grise hath been found in a Whales belly but whilest she was alive she had got it and ingested it in the Sea for it is absurd to think that Amber should be the Whales excrement when the best Amber devoured by a Whale loses its bonity and suavity Which Simeon Sethi smelled well enough who asserting that Amber is a kinde of Bitumen flowing out of some Fountains saith That that which is devoured by fishes is the worst that can be Garcias ab Horto seems to assert That it is a kinde of odorate earth seeing there was not onely a fragment of three thousand pounds weight of Amber found in the earth but whole Islands of pure Amber and he proves the probability hereof from the infinite varieties of earth in colour and qualities and seeing in this general acception Bitumen may be called a kinde of Earth I do nor impugn the verisimilitude of his assertion especially finding it called Precious Earth Thus have I briefly related the whole history of Amber for I will neither undertake neither will my short annotations bear the discussion of such opinions as have been published about Amber That Amber which is most odorate devoid of filth perforated with a needle emits much fat succe that which is cineritious and not black is good that which is black or very candid is not good It calefies Vires resolves recreates the heart brain and principal parts refreshes the spirits cureth swoundings erects the strength exhilarates the mind and cures palpitation CHAP. 11. Of yellow Amber or Electrum ORange-coloured Amber is variously denominated the Greeks call it Electrum the Persians and Mauritanians Charabe that is catch-straw the Germans Glesum that is Glasse because it is splendent the Romans Succinum because it is the product of succe or Sea-bitumen concreted but not the succe of Pine or black Poplar as many have asserted for it is found in the deeps and upon Sea-shores concreted of the fat juyce of the Sea and Earth This matter whilest lent viscid and fat before it be obdurated and dryed catches and detains many Flies Gnats Ants and such like Insects which dye dry and odorate together with the Amber This Amber is either white or flave the white which is more odorate and lighter is good so also is the flave if pellucid and such as may be made by attrition to smell like Rosemary and attract chaff or straw It s Powder given in convenient liquor cohibits the flux of blood roborates the bowels and is good against the white fluor of the womb one dragm thereof taken in a soft Egge will stay the flux of Sperm and will help such as are tabid infested with hardness of intestines difficulty of breathing and long Coughs CHAP. 12. Of Coral COral is from its effigies hardness and native soyl frequently and not improperly called Lithodendron as if it were a Stone-tree and sometimes a Sea-shrub for Macer saith it seems to be the bough of some arbuscle for it grows in the Tyrrhenian and Sicilian Seas assurging and emitting branches like a little Tree Hence some repose it amongst shrubs others amongst stones and others amongst Bitumens but it is really none of all these but something of each It is threefold one sort is red another white and another black the first as it is of a more jucund aspect so more medicinal and more apt for Bracelets and other Ornaments The white as it is more spongious so more light and refrigerative the black is most rarely seen lesse medicinal and expetible red is the best which is alwayes understood when Coral is prescribed absolutely There is another sort of Coral of a mixed colour which is not so good the red that is best should be of a florid colour odorate like Alga ramous like a shrub very frangible not rough nor hollow or chanelled All Coral refrigerates dryes and bindes Vires it cohibits the immoderate flux of fluors and blood it cures the Dysentery represses the flux of mans sperm and the white fluors of a womans Uterus It helps such as are anhelant infested with the Epilepsie Spleenatick and heart-dolours for it roborates the brain diminishes the spleen and exhilarates the heart Alchymists extract a red oyl out of Coral which is very useful in staying blood and roborating the members of which elswhere CHAP. 13. Of Auripigmentum AUripigment Arrhenick or Arsenick Sandaracha and Risagalum differ not save in name onely All are effoded out of the same pit all are septical and acrimonious with extreme calour dissolving destroying and preying upon the principles of life Some of the later Writers call three things Arsenick for they denominate Auripigment Yellow Arsenick Sandarax Red Arsenick and Risagalum VVhite Arsenick Auripigment and Sandarax are of the same Metals and seem onely to differ in more or less coction and therefore they are both often mixed in the same glebe There are two sorts of Auripigment one of a golden colour 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which
the stone that Isidore calls Ophthalmius There is another stone appertaining to the kinde of Opalus Panthera which from its variegated colour resembling the Panther is called Panther and it is thought to be indued with as many vertues as colours The Selenite Selenites so called from the Moon which it represents 〈◊〉 a stone of a shining candid and yellow colour which increases and decreases as the Moon doth some of this kinde are greener others paler The Girasol Girasola which some call the Sun's stone others Loucopâ—â—alos is reposed among those Gemmes which are candidly nitent and emit an aureous fulgor There is a noble Gemme called Dionysia Dionysia which brayed and assumed though it resemble the sapour of Wine yet it resists eâ—riety The Poet thus describes it Nigramicat rubris Dionysia consita guttis Beryl is a Gemme comprehending many under it of the same name Beryllus some whereof are caeruleous others paler others flave and aureously fulgent which are often called Chrysoprasi others in colour resemble oyl and others other things so as its species are nine Beryl shines obscurely unless it be brought to a Sexangulaâ— form There hath been of late a stone mixed with a green and lacteous colour Nephriticus lapis brought from New-Spain which they call the Reins-stoâ—e which bound to ones arm doth by a special propriety break and propel the stone Aetites is as it were a pregnant stone Aetites sounding when shaken which derives its name from Eagles by whom as it is storied it is got and posited in their Nests to allay the heat of their Eggs lest they califie too much during incubation others think otherwise and speak much falsly concerning it However it is a stone that will accelerate birth if applied to the things but retard it if bound above the stomack or carried betwixt the Paps there are four sortsof it which may be learned from Pliny The Jewish stone Lapis Judaicus which is named from its native soyl is white of an elegant form of the magnitude of an Acorn disterminated with lines so equally distant as if they had been artificially fabricated Brayed levigated and assumed it breaks the stones in the Reins and Bladder The Chrysolampe is pale on the day Chrysolapis but on the night splendent as fire it is had in Aethiopia but seldom brought to us Pliny and such as write of stones recenfeate innumerably more but they write of such as they never either knew or saw and they usurp many stones conjoyned by some affinity for one and the same and often constitute the same stone denoted by many names as multifarious for Pliny avers That the names of stones are almost innumerable There rest yet many stones of eximious vertue and high estimate but because they are desumed from Animals as Unions or Margarites the Bezaar-stone and the like we shall treat of them in our Book of Medicaments desumed from Animals or their parts CHAP. 11. Of certain Medicinal but not Precious-stones and first of Marble MArble is a most notorious hard kind of stone of which there are as many differences as places whence they are elicited the noblest are these the Pheugitical Parian Zeblical Porphyritical and Ophytical Marble all are approved or disapproved from their colour nitre perspicuity and durity That which is green or variegated and hard withal is fairest and best that also which is very candid and solid is commendable and such must be selected to the confection of the Citrian unguent The Pheugitical Marble shines most and represents Images Nero bunt a Temple of this stone to Fortune which shined so within that though the doors and windows were shut yet was it clearly perceptible The Parian is not all alike for some is very white which is very very frequent in Italy others cincritious some green others ferreous which last sort is so hard that some make Anvils of it The Zeblical is found in Misena This is the softest and is thought goed against Poyson which if so is the best of Marbles The Porphyritical Marble is most-what variegated with red spots it is brought out of Aegypt that which is beset with white spots is called Leucasticon whereof they make good and excellent 〈◊〉 and Modules The Ophytical or Serpentine-Marble is partly green partly variegated with many other colours like a Serpents skin whence it hath its name the most spots in the vulgar are pale with others very dissimilar Some Marbles are also nobilitated from some Men and some Regions as Luculus his Black Marble Augustus Tiberius his Marble also Aegyptian Theban Ephesian and Lacedemonian Marble Alabaster is a kinde of Marble so called from Alabastrum an Aegyptian City it is ordinarily white and perspicuous whereof Images are carved and vessels made to receive and keep unguents CHAP. 12. Of Chrystal CHrystal is not congealed water Chrystal quid as many think but a Mineral stone white pellucid and nitent like clear water consisting of an aqueous and pure humour not concreted by cold but as many say by the vertue of some divine calour neither is it made of ice though it be thence denominated and often sound in deep Snows but of an humour of its own for ice warmed by the fire melts easily but Christal hardly though encompassed round with fire and alwayes agitated with flames and wind Chrystal is also found under the earth amongst stones 〈…〉 hot Regions where this Chrystalline humour both from the â—â—versal cause and a certain terrestrial potency lapidifies no other then Amber and Coral which at first are humours also and afterwards concrete into a lapideous solidity not by cold but from the aptitude of the matter The most pure Usus pellucid and nitent Chrystal is best it is not onely fit for the making of Cups Vessels Bracelets and other elegant matters but its powder ingredes the Citrian unguent and is commended in dentifrices and other Medicaments inservient to Ornament CHAP. 13. Of Gypsum a kinde of Talkum or Lime GYpsum is known to all especially to the Lutetians whose Walls Houses and Palaces are generally cemented therewith whose suburbane Mynes are wholly of this Lime-stone whose cunicles contain not any flint or other stone Now this Gypsum is a white and nitent stone easily divisibleâ—â—to plates and fit for Structures Edifices and Walls Crude Gypsum is not usurped to the fabrick of houses but it is first burned till it become tabid white and easily pulverable then diluted with water which afterwards concretes to a stony hardness before it be hardened it is agitated with a Spade subacted and wrought so as it may be soft and sequacious more fit to agglutinate stones or compact other works It is best when newly cocted for if it be long kept it will be more humid and will not concrete so solidly There are two sorts hereof the one more common which is obscurely nitent the other more rare which is cloven into plates
and splendent like specular stone whence many call it Talkum but improperly for Talkum is more slender squamous white and lucid Some call it Selenite some juglers by their deceptive art make an oyl of Talkum to wash erugate and dealbate old Wives faces withall and so daily deceive silly women that will not indure deformity with their vain promises whilest warily yet not illicitely they put their hands into the womens Purses for it is no injury or deceit to beguile those that consent and are willing It hath an astringent faculty and is good against Ruptures Vires CHAP. 14. Of Chalk CHalk Lime and Gypsum are agglutinative stones used in compacting rich mens houses for poor mens cottages are emented onely with a little clay subacted Now Lime after it hath once drank water bears it not again but Chalk is nourished by water and longer and better preserved therewith When I name Chalk I mean that which is very white pulverable friable and by infusion in water inflammeable For crude Chalk is a hard ponderous stone that will neither dissolve nor wax white in water and is more properly called Chalk-stone In what parts Chalk is found there is no Lime and where Lime is found there is no Chalk that Chalk is best which touched with water makes a noise ignifies and is cineritious for age makes it whiter but more infirm for the air is got into it and its fire is abared Diâ—scorides sayes That Chalk may be made of the shells of Cockles Mussles or Oysters so long burnt till they be perfectly white An eximious Psylother may be made of quick Chalk and Auripigment which will easily depilate rough places This also with someother things will make good Pyroticks which will burn the part they are applied to Chalk often wasâ—ed with pluvial or fountain-water may usefully be mixed to such unguents as cure cadaverous Ulcers Chalk extinguished with water and twice or thrice washed if it be again cast into water makes that water very convenient for the Ulcers in the Privities and other running cadaverous and dangerous sores in other parts for by much washing it deposes its mordacity and ceases to be sharp but yet it callfies and siccates manifestly and ceases to be sharp but yet it califies and siccates manifestly and is therefore good to exsiccate Ulcers and induce scars CHAP. 15. Of stones found in Spunges SPunges by nature accede nearer to Plants then Animals for they have accrescion and augmentation but no fensation as many have credited Dioscorides makes some of them male which are full of smaller holes the hardness whereof they call He-goats and others female which have larger holes Aristotle makes four sons of Spunges some spisse which are softest others tenuious which are hardeft others most spisse and others most valid which they call Achilleous Spunges Those that grow on stones are harder those that grow on the tranquil marine tracts are softer But we know onely three sorts of Spunges the first with rare and patent holes which is softest and most vulgar in magnitude and form resembling a mans Liver the second perviated with lesser holes which is denser lesser and harder the third like Sea-spume which is most dense valid and cineritious they commonly call them all Sea-Mushromes Pliny saith Vires That stones either grow in Spunges or coming from other places fall in and are stabled there both sorts are well known for they are found in every Spunge but those that grow in the Spunge must be selected as being more apt to break the stone yet Galen is of opinion that this stone is not so valid as to break the stone in the bladder CHAP. 6. Of Bricks MEdicks do not onely from Gemmes and Stones but from broken and inveterate Bricks worn Shoe-soles and Clay seek remedies for the sick for nothing is â—oid of all qualities and nothing but used opportunely by a perite and approved Medick will profit There are many things which are efficacious while new but by age lose their qualities and vertue as common Medicaments others which are scarce Medicinal till they be old as Bricks which at first serve onely for structures but when old are very Medicinal and expetible as will appear from the Oyl extracted out of them for the cure of many diseases as we have shewed in our Shop SECT III. Of Metals THat is properly called a Metal which is of a Fossile body hard ductile with a hammer and liqueable with fire but as soon as it is melted it doth return into its pristine form The word is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say to search because the Metallists are wont to search the Veins of the Earth for every Vein doth afford some Metal But concerning the matter of them there are divers Opinions Aristotle in his third Book of Meteors cap. ult doth constitute a double matter of all Metals which are found in the Earth viz. Halitus Vapor Of which all Fossiles are made in the bowels of the Earth Those things that are digged out of the Earth are either such that may be melted or not melted those that are incorporated with some humid matter are easily melted as Lead and Tin others are melted indeed but with more difficulty as Iron c. Matthiolus writes that to be an Elementary substance which is the efficient cause of Metal Scaliger Exercit. 20. saith That the substance of Metal is a watery Earth The Chymists appropriate it to Mercury and therefore call it the Sperm of the Earth or as some say the Sulphur which they alledge out of Albertus who saith That the first matter of Metals is a humid unctious and subtile Body which is incorporated with a subtile and terrestrial mixture Now there are as many Metals as Planets to wit Seven whose Names and Characters they appropriate to the Metals for they call Gold Sol Silver Luna Lead Saturn Tin Jupiter Iron Mars Copper Venus and Quicksilver Mercury which is not properly a Metal for it cannot be wrought nor is it malleable but after another manner that is in vertue it may be called a Metal But Scaliger Exercit. 106. reprehends this nomination of Metals and their affinity with the Planets and calls it foolish and ridiculous Neither is the Number of Metals to be comprehended in the number of Planets for not onely the Metals but many other Fossiles do strive to respond in Title and Character and that more properly to the Planets and Signs of the Zodiack as Aspalatum to Taurus Auripigmentum to Gemini Sal Ammoâ—iacum to Cancer Red Arsenick to Virgo Roman Vitriol to Libra Sulphâ—r to Scorpio Roch-Alome to Sagittary Scissile-Alome to Capricorn Sal Nitre to Aquary So that these three Arcana's as they call them are covered with many Aenigmatical Riddles not unlike so many madmen spewing out a thousand boastings which are more fit to be derided then confuted But we will hasten to our intended purpose and enter upon a definition of Sol
which we call Gold CHAP. 1. Of Gold Gold the King of Metals is of that kinde most perfect and compact which bearing the tincture of the Sun in its countenance exercises solar Dominion over all Mortals for all obey Gold Aurum lex sequitur auro venalia rura Diphil. For nothing is more potent then pure Gold to him men give adoration for him men undergo great labour and whoso wants it may either like a Leper sejoyn himself from consort or like a dead carcase walk amongst men But seeing it is adiaphorous and either good or bad according to the intent of the user if it be ill used it is the worst of evils for it is the ring-leading Captain of Contention the plague of life and the ruine of the Commonweal Hence Raptures hence Manslaughters and hence Battels ensue but if it be well used it is thought to be not onely the Subsidy of life but the guarder of family if introsumed But I do not mean Chymical potable or rather esculent Gold which refects the recipient onely with a lye and vain expectations for grant we that the Alchymists can by their delusive Art extract a flave liquor emulous of melted Gold yet this is so far from curing Leprosie inveterate Dropsies and other deplorable diseases or from retarding old age and conserving youth florid and vegetive as they boast that it is plainly of no noted use in Medicine seeing the nature of Gold is so dissident from our nature that it cannot be to us restorative as Scaliger well observes Exercit. 272. and there being many things more agreeable to our nature they must needs be more conservative of it and what is more absurd then to say that Gold nourishes repairs our substance and yet changes not into our nature for thus he that eats Gold will be a golden Fool like Midas Medicks therefore do not labour to dissolve Gold for that is all one as if they should destroy its native bonity and induce an alien quality either useless or noxious but they do better by working it into thin leaf dust or atomes that it may more easily insinuate into the parts of the body Gold thus prepared doth usefully ingrede Electuarium de Gemmis Galens laetificative powder and roborative Medicaments I was wont successfully to prescribe to rich Wenches of ill colours the filings of Gold in stead of prepared Steel with other fit Medicaments sometimes in form of Pills sometimes of Tabels The Medicinal faculties of Gold are indeed many Vires yet neither so great nor so many as Alchymists predicate it is chiefly commended for exhilarating such as are melanchollical or preternaturally sad CHAP. 2. Of Silver SIlver also is as very Soul and Blood to Mortals for after Gold it is the most noble of Metals which age neither corrupts nor hurts but alwayes remains nitid splendid and sincere easily ducible and liquescible it is made in the bowels of the earth of clean and candid Quicksilver and pure clear firm and white Sulphur equally contempered and so it evades candid and fulgent Furthermore the heat of well-claensed Sulphur dealbates and makes it more subtile and so exsiccates it that it becomes tinalous hard and sonore This alone of Metals seems to emit a translucid splendor for its light in the Myne doth in a manner represent the rudiments of stars in a dark place But when it is more pure and purged seven times in the fire as the Psalmist sings Psal 11. then it is farre more splendent The Alchymists compare it to the Moon whose name they give it but its qualities are not answerable It is judged colder then Gold Vires whose vertues and dignity it in some degree participates of being next to it in perfection and punity By its natural complexion it is temperately cold and moist whence they say it auxiliates the spiritual members it stayes the palpitation of the heart for it roborates it and helps sanguification making the blood more laudable The Alchymists extract an oylout of it which they commend to many diseases in the Brain but dogmatical and true Medicks onely use its powder or leaves in Medicaments and they that do otherwise work deceitfully CHAP. 3. Of Tinne TInne is another kinde of Metal found in the Myne with Silver which Pliny calls White-Lead to distinguish it from Black-Lead which is as it were the purgation of Silver and Tinne left in the Furnace Such as devote Tinne holy to Jupiter say it is generated of pure and clear Quicksilver and crass and immund Sulphur There are many things common betwixt Lead and Tinne for neither of them contract rust but rather some squalour or filth whereunto Lead is more addicted then Tinne neither of them are sonore nor very hard onely Tinne is a little more sonore and hard then Lead Tinne is either simple pure and defaecated or impure and compounded of other Metals so made either by Nature or Art whereof there are many differences according to the nature of the ingredients and proportion of the same whose faculties respond to the mixion of those things whereof it consists Tinne is of much use to man Usus which though it be seldome used in Medicine yet it affords vessels for their repose and preservation The Alchymists make an Oyl out of Tinne for the cure of Wounds and Ulcers but I think such Medicaments as are easilier made cheaper and more efficacious are better CHAP. 4. Of Lead 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Lead is according to Alchymists both dedicated to Saturn and called Saturn and in their opinion it is generated of impure and crass Quicksilver and a little impure Sulphur and it is thought that not onely under the earth but in the open air also it augments and therefore Cardanus thinks it labefactates houses by its weight who make four differences thereof the vulgar white which many call Tinne Bisemutum yet unknown and that which is made of Stibium Pliny acknowledges onely two sorts the vulgar or black and the white who gives a twofold original to the black for saith he it is either generated in its own vein which produces nought else or it is conflated in many veins mixt with Silver The first liquor which flows in furnaces is called White-Lead or Tinne the second Silver and that which remains the Latines call Plumbago out of which Lead is elicited It is extracted also out of a certain Plumbary effoded out of Mynes which stone they call Molybdoides and the Lead thus secerned and melted is poured into water while hot till it leave its dross Morters and Pestels for Medicinal uses are made of Lead as also round Pipes or Canes for deep and internal Ulcers which are as good as golden Pipes There is also a Powder made of Lead for the exsiccation of â—lcers whereof we have elswhere made mention Galen saith Vires that Lead is refrigerative and is either solarly or mixed with other Medicament conducible to malignant cankerous and putrid Ulcers
Leprosie or Scab and after a few moneths collect their putrid matter and fell it for Mumy and what is more horrible they would take the dead carcases of such as had been suffocated and dryed in the sands of Arabia and call them Mumy and give them to the diseased to be assumed at the mouth Yea many are in that errour still that Mumy is onely the cadaverous and dry flesh of bodies corrupted and putrid Yea I remember I heard a man of much learning but no great skill in Medicine amongst a company of famous men speaking of Mumy and all contending that now we had no true Mumy but a little tabid foetid corrupt flesh in respect of that which was found in the Aegyptian Kings Sepulchres which was both fragrant and vertuous say That Mumy was the flesh of dryed bodies and that he had seen it lately dryed while it was adherent to the ribs Thus this impious opinion adheres to the mindes of the eredulous who collecting some filthy matter from mans flesh a wicked custome indeed introduced by wretched men exhibit it to the sick We are so farre from possessing the Mumy of the ancient Aegyptians Mumia antiquorum non amplius haberi which was but small and soon spent that we cannot have Avicenna his Mumy which was made of mans corruption mixed with Pissaphaltum but are content with the succe expressed out of putrid carcases and inspissated which is now kept in Pharmacopolies to mens greatest peril which perite and prudent men never use in Medicine for it is absurd to think that this Mumy should help such as are hurt by falling nay will it not rather harm them and all that use it for if we fear that any ones blood should clot by falling have we not Posca and Oxymel and other inciding Medicaments more conducible But seeing no Compound in our Shop requires mans Fat no more of that CHAP. 3. Of Goats Blood GOats are either peregrine and cornuted as the Aethiopian and Cretian Goats or vernacular some whereof have horns others not The blood of either duly prepared as we have taught in our Shop is very effectual in breaking the stone and is the basis of that eximious Medicament we call Lithos Tripticos to whose comment we have adjoyned this Preparation Now there are many varieties of peregrine Goats amongst which the Persian Goat which they call Pazan is most commended out of whose belly the Bezar-stone is taken which is commended against the virulent bitings of Animals Poysons and many malignant Diseases as we shall declare more at large by and by The Cretian Goat is so called from the Isle Crete which nourishes no Wolves no more then England the French call it Boucestain it is vested with short and flave hair bearing two horns crooked backwards it is so agile an Animal that it will leap from one rock to another though six paces distant Bellonius Amongst wilde-Goats we enumerate Mountain-Goats Rock-Goats African-Goats Bucks and Roe-bucks and yet these Animals differ much from one another and all from our indigenous Goat which alone of Animals patiently and willingly admits a companion in venery whence by a Sarcasm we call him a Cornuto Goat-like that patiently tolerates it Strepsicetos is by some called a Goat but I rather think it a Ram it hath two horns striated but like the Unicorns horns erect never used in Medicine Strepsiceros brings me to think of Monoceros which many douht is a meer Chimaera for if it have a being it is so rare that it never was seen and because it is rare because its nature is unknown and because that such as write of it dissent amongst themselves men doubt of its being Yet that there is such a Beast the holy Scriptures averre and its horn which is daily seen and prescribed by Medicks against poysons and poysonous affections Yet I set no less estimate upon Harts or Rhinoceros his horn then Monoceros his horn of which many write more then truth What kinde of Animal it is of what nature where it lives and what vertues its horn is indued with shall be hereafter more largely explicated CHAP. 4. Of Hares Blood BOth wise men assert and experience proves That Hares blood rosted breaks the stone This Animal is most notorious most fearful and swiftest which alone according to Aristotle hath hair in its mouth and under its feet Some say they have seen white Hares but it is certain that they are not so onely they appear such in winter while they are covered with snow as with a white garment One D. de Vitri an eximious Noble-man catch'd a cornuted Hare whose horns he gave King James of England It is fabulous that Hares participate of both Sexes hermaphroditically and that they can both beget conceive and bear And the blood is not onely so efficacious but the whole Hare usted in an earthen pot well covered and taken with some White-wine water or fit decoction breaks and expels stones and therefore rightly accedes to Lithontripticons confection There is also the Sea-hare so called because generated in the Sea it resembles our Land-hares which is very much an enemy to the Lungs and Women with Childe of which see Rondeletius CHAP. 5. Of Fat 's and first of Harts Marrow Marrow is in every Animal the aliment of its bones it califies allayes dolour resolves mollifies hard tumours in any part but especially Harts Marrow next to that is Calves Marrow the Marrow of other Animals is sharper and more intemperate A Hart is a well-known Animal which superates all other cornigerous beasts both in pulchritude of form amplitude of horns and variety of branches But nature denied horns to Deer and those that first erupt out of the Male are erect without branches whence the Bucks are called Subulones afterwards their horns are bifidous afterwards trifidous they are at first vested with a skin and soft Down but after they are expofed a while to the Sun they become rough hard and glabre All cornigerous Animals except the Hart bear hollow horns but his are all over solid which fall off yearly and then being disarmed he hides himself daily till new ones erupt and these cornicles are as roborative and as much resist venenate affections as Monoceros his horn Experience hath also proved That a Harts genitals are very efficacious in curing the Pleurisie Collick and Dysentery There is a certain concreted liquor Gumme-like which we call Harts-tears in the greater angle of an old Harts eye which by an admirable propriety moves sudour copiously and oppugnes the venenate quality of the Pestilence and other malign affections Eutyceros and Platyceros are a kinde of Harts But I leave the nature of them to be described by such as undertake the absolute History of Animals CHAP. 6. Of Goats Suet. MArrow Suet Fat and Grease have much cognation each with other which are onely found in Animals indued with blood but not all in all for some are onely proper to some beasts as
they were brought from Media Others are smaller with crisped feathers which fall off more thence once in a year so that they are sometimes implumeous in winter others are the vulgar which are continually vested with feathers some whereof are black which are thought the best others white the worst and others variegated which are thought to be in a mean Some prescribe the interiour tunicle of a Hens second ventricle to such as have weak stomacks to help the coctive faculty but without answerable success for its temper is vitiated by the Hens death and desiccation and its coctive quality perished for it is certain that there are many things in an Animal when living that perish by death Besides there are many more Countrey Hens as the Water-Hen and the Mountain-Hen called Modcock or Woodcock There are also peregrine-Hens as Turkey-Hens and Phasians and Meleagrian or African-Hens whose variegated colour gave a name to a certain Herb bearing a variously maculated flower And as the colour of many birds is various so of their egges also as the egges of Partridges Pey-hens Turkey-hens but ours are alwayes white as also the egges of our Geese Ducks and Stock-doves We often use egges in Medicine for we solve yolks in Glysters and we can scarce wash Turpentine with their adjument we extract Oyl out of them when hardned and we have an eximsous Electuary denominated from egges which is much commended against the Plague But we use them most in Cibaries for Hippocrates saith They have something of strength in them because they are the matter of Animals they nourish because they are the Milk of Chickens and they increase because they diffuse themselves much Soft egges are most nutritive hard and fryed egges bad Hens Phasians and Partridges egges the best of the kinde Galen saith An egge admits onely of one pravity and that comes by age which you may eschew if you take them while new CHAP. 12. Of Butter OUt of the more terrene part of the Milk we have Cheese and out of the fatter which we call Cream by much agitation in a Churn comes Butter which is had in delight by many Nations because it affects the palate with its suavity as Normanish Butter which the Incolists condite with Salt in earthen Pots and send into all parts of France where it supplies the place of Oyl for it emends the sapour of many dishes and makes them more expetible It is usefully mixed to the Eclegm de Pineis and many extrinsecal Medicaments instituted to lenisie humectate mollifie and allay dolours for being hot and oleous it helps the disease in the groyns and Impostnumes in the head It cocts humours lodging in the breast by way of liniment and solves the ventricle but especially the Butter of Cows Milk which is more copious better sweeter and wholesomer for some make Butter of Sheep and Goats-milk but that we do not approve of Now this vaccineous kinde is distinguished by four degrees in age the first is of Calves the second of Heisers the third of young Kine and the fourth of old ones The Herdsmen call a barren Cow Taura and a pregnant one Horda or Forda Cattel change the habit of their bodies colour of their hairs and nature according to the state and condition of the soyl and heavens in several Regions Hence Asiatical Cattel have one form Epyrean another and French another Cattel whether Male or Female are cornigerous yet in Mysia and about Maeotis they have no horns and in India they have sometimes but one horn apiece and others three horns The Aonian Cow hath but one horn in the middle of its forehead Unicornlike There are more varieties of Oxen and Kine which to discuss exactly appertains not to us for it is enough if we say That Milk and Butter whereof we have some use in Pharmacy comes of Kine for Milk doth not onely nourish as it is white blood but cure many affections of the Dysentery Consumption and vices of the Lungs for which Asses Milk is best next to Womans Cattel suppeditate so many and so great commodities to man that they can scarce be enumerated for the Ox is not onely his companion in his Labour and Agriculture while he lives but when killed his Tables ornament and his own firm and laudable aliment To this family we may refer Buffs Bugles wilde Oxen and Aethiopian Bulls The description of whose nature I leave to them that write the perfect History of Animals CHAP. 13. Of Foxes Lungs MEsue commends Foxes Lungs to the vices of the Lungs and from them denominates a certain Eclegme which he saith conduces to such as are in a Consumption but that I may speak freely their ingrateful sapour and stinking odour cause very learned men to judge them less efficacious then they are thought A Fox is a crafty Animal with a bushy tail and an osseous genital apt to break and expel the stone he layes wait for Hens and other young birds and Hares also he makes himself a deep cave with many turnings and holes much distant from each other that he may better delude the hunters His flesh is dry and digestive the oyle wherein he is elixated Vires is called Foxes Oyl it evokes humours to the external superficies of the body and discusses them whence it is convenient to the Gout His fat melted and poured into the ear diseased allayes its dolour CHAP. 14. Of the Beaver's stones called Castor-Cuds CAstor Castorium is apt and expetible for many Medicinal uses Now a Castor is an amphibious Animal whitely cineritious and black on the back living partly on the water and partly on the earth sucking meat from both places like an Otter to which it is very like except in its tail which is glabre broad and squamous Fish-like but the Otters is long round hispid and yellow as its whole body is also There are many Castors about the rivers in Pontus and also in the sens in Spain but their stones have not the same faculty with them of Galatia The Castor will bite horridly for if it catch hold of a man it will not let the part go till it feel and hear the broken bones crack and rub one against another its testicles are chiefly Medicinal which it doth not bite off with its own teeth when pursued by hunters as it is sabulously storyed of it The convex testicles must be chused for Medicaments which depend upon one string pregnant with a watery humour graveolent and bitter to the gust This Medicament is both famous and useful according to Galen insomuch as Archigenes wrote a whole book of the use of Beavers-stones They califie manifestly Vires cure Serpents poyson move fluors and delivery help Lethargy and sluggishness and the affections of the Nerves CHAP. 15. Of Animals Excrements and first of Musk. SOme Animals are hunted and taken for meat as Harts Hares and Boars others for Medicine as Vipers others for pleasure and odorament as the Musk and Civet-Cat
covers them with the earth which it makes even and so sits upon it till its young ones be excluded Solinus saith That in the Indian Sea there are Tortoises of so great a magnitude that their shells open at the bottom and joyned at the top make so large houses for the vulgar Indians that a numerous family may dwell therein Yea some use them in stead of Boats wherein they sayl from one Isle to another in the Red-Sea With the Troglodites they are cornigerous but less then the Indian Tortoises are of much use Vires both in Cibaries and Medicine for their decoction helps such as are consumed and attenuated and therefore they usefully ingrede the confecture of the resumptive Syrupe Many delight in their flesh but it is such a deformed Animal in head tail feet form colour and spots resembling the Serpentine kinde that nature seems to note it as offensive and unwholesome which they also confess who love it but that its dressing and condiments make it less noxious for else it were horrid CHAP. 28. Of Frogs MYropolists use whole Frogs in the composition of Vigonius his salve which the Author described for the cure of a disease proper to his own Nation Sylvius also saith Their decoction will ease the Tooth-ache if the mouth be washed therewith their ashes with Pitch according to Dioscorides or rather with Honey according to Pliny will bring again fallen hairs The Emplaisters wherewith they are mixed are thence siccative and discussive especially in the dolours of the junctures They are Antidotal against Serpentine poysons according to Dioscorides if they be decocted eaten with Salt and Oyl and their broth supped But all Frogs are not edible whereof there are many varieties for some delight solely in water and live there ordinarily others on the dry soyl others also are amphibious living equally on the water and earth Some of the watery Frogs live in Fenny and muddy places and are pernicious acceding near the nature of Toads others live in limpid and fountain water and are wholesome and reposed among Cibaries Some of those that feed on dry soyls live amongst reeds others amongst bryars and thorns the former which are least of all are called Calamitae and the latter Rubetae by the Latines by the Greeks Phrynoi which are as pernicious as the Palustrian Frogs those they call Dryophites which climb up Oaks and live in or about them and the Diopetes which fall with storms and warm showers out of the air are no better then the rest All of them are mute in winter except the watery Frogs which at the end of Winter and beginning of the Spring begin to croak to wit when Tadpoles are procreated in putrid waters which some falsly call Frogs-sperm or Frogs-egges Arist Hence many have derided the Medicament of a certain Alchymist who prescribes the water of Frogs-sperm to the Pimples and swellings of the face eyes and the whole body whereas he might hunt exenterate dissect exhaust and search the seminals of all the Frogs in France and never get so much sperm as would wet the bottome of his Metal-pan Experience also shews and learned Rondeletius hath averred That Tadpoles come of Mud and turn not into Frogs All Frogs besides the watery ones are pernicious and malign as also those of them also that are maculated with black spots like Toads of whose nature they participate and those that use them for meat are infected with a plumbeous colour Wherefore they should not be taken save for Physick for they putrifie the body Yet some put Palustrian Frogs others Rubetae to the confection of Jo. de Vigo his salve but I think amphibious Frogs are better For the Rubetae which live among bryars thorns and dry soyls being venenate and acrimonious impart a certain quality to the Medicament whereby it vellicates the skin and raises lumps and the water are not so efficacious therefore those that live partly in water and partly on the land must be elected as best CHAP. 29. Of Crab-fishes THere are innumerable varieties of shelled fishes some whereof have long bodies as Locusts and Lobsters others round as all the troop of Sea-Crabs and fresh-water Crabs whereof there are fewer varieties As some of Sea-Crabs are greater as those we call Maeae and Paguri and others lesser which we call Pinnophylaces so some of the fresh-water Crab-fishes are great broad-footed like the Sea-Crabs but greater others little ones which we use in Meats and Medicaments as by Avicenna's counsel to refresh such as labour in the Hectick Feaver and such as are bitten by mad Dogs as also to ingrede some mundificative Unguents Rondeletius hath largely described the whole kinde of Crabs Lib. 18. de Piscibus Lib. particulari de fluviatilibus as also Matthiolus upon Dioscorides For it is enough for us to mention these and to treat more copiously of such things as do but sometimes accede to Medicine CHAP. 30. Of Vipers VIpers flesh siccates Vires and digests potently and califies moderately its faculty hastens it to the skin propelling the excrements and poyson of the body if any thither whence we make it into Theriacal Trochisks as we have shewed in our Antidotary and of them we make that famous Theriacal confection so much commended against venenated affections Now those are call'd Theriacal Medicaments which cure the poysonous bitings of venenate Animals or heal such as have received harm by the biting breathing licking or touching of venenate Animals They are also called Alexipharmacal Medicaments which arceate peril by poyson but others will have them onely so called which by introsumption at the mouth cure poysons Now Theriacal comes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is from wilde and venenate Animals rather then from some certain sort of Serpents though a Viper whose Male is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Female 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 be sometimes by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for it being the most notorious of Serpents and wilde Beasts it vendicates this name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Medicament which admits of its flesh is nevertheless denominated Theriacal from its efficacy in curing the bites and poysons of wilde beasts and not because of that ingredient A Viper is ordinarily of a cubits length and often longer of a subflave colour maculated with many round spots the male is by the Greeks called Echis its head is angust and acute its neck crasser and body slenderer then the Female its tail like that of other Serpents grows more gracile by degrees and not on a sudden as that of the Female it hath sharper scales at the end of its tail which when moved it erects just as an angry Cock doth his Plumes in fighting He hath two Canine teeth the Female more according to that of the Poet Huic gemini apparent dentes in carne venenum Fundentes verubus sed Foemina pluribus atrox He also hath a passage in his tail neerer his belly then that of the
can Pharmacopolies be without colatories of silk linen Canvas and Woolen some whereof are rare others dense and others indifferent and some again are new others almost worn and yet the newest are most used because the whole succe of the thing to be strained may by more valid compressure be educed without the fracture of the cloath But sometimes these sometimes the weaker are taken according to the consistency of the succes those that are of themselves tenuious need a denser strainer lest the tenuious part be not onely transmitted but some gross matter with it Those that are crass and viscid must he trajected through a rare strainer those of a middle consistency through a cloth of a middle density Crass and viscid succes require three things strong percolation more ample dilution and a rarer colatory or strainer they must also be calified before collation for so their density will be more rarified and they more easily transmeate yea many will not percolate at all unless they be very hot others when cold and some onely warm some need onely one colature others two and others more the first colature must be in a rare strainer the second in a dense one and the third in a more compact one that passage may be obstructed to all filth those that are of a liquid consistency if they be to be purcolated twice or thrice it may be done in the same strainer There are certain VVoolen Strainers of a long and pyramidall figure numerated amongst these colatories which they call Hippocrates his sleeves wherein the Hippocratical VVine is twice or thrice strained till it be clear These serve also for straining Melicras congealing salves and many decoctions that all extraneous matters may be separated from them and they remain sincere as we have shewed in our Institutions CHAP. 9. Of Furnaces SOme Furnaces serve onely for decoctions and receive Kettles Dishes Caldrons and other vessels wherein simples are cocted prepared and compounded others for distillations and receive Cucurbites Retorts Bladders Pots and other vessels accommodated to Distillations made either by Ascent or Descent Those that serve for decocting Medicaments are not of one sort for some are portatile and rotund made of molten or beaten Iron which as their inferiour parts stand upon three valid legs so doth their superiour emit three oblong auricles more prominent then the Furnaces lips whereon the Vessels to be calified are superimposed Their supream part is patulous like some gaping Morter into which coals are immitted a Gridiron or ferreous trabicles being supposited which may give way to the falling ashes which are afterwards extracted out of the posternal door structed for that purpose others are made of Clay and Bricks which are almost quadâ—ate fixed and immoveable standing upon no feet but within like the other Those which serve for distillations whether we look at the matter whereof or form wherein they are made are multifarious for some are made of Iron others of Copper others of Potters earth others of common clay Bricks and other businesses requisite to structure furthermore some are round as the Metalline Furnaces which have ears on both sides that they may be carried by others Quadrilaterous Pentagonous Multifarious fixed and immoveable wherein three Prothecaries are made the Inferiour the Superiour and the Middle The inferiour receives the ashes and is thence called the Cirerist or by the usual Chymical term Conistery whereinto a door opens by which the burning coals are ventilated by the wind the Pabulum suppeditated to the fire and the ashes extracted the middle Region of the Furnace wherein the fire is which is divided from the Conistery by a certain craticle is called Focus by the latter age for in it is the fomentation of the calour which califies the superimposed in the superiour Chamber of the Furnace which is variously formed according to the various magnitude and figure of the vessel imposed near that part where the Funary tube is are certain previations for the smoak to evade by But we have tradited the most usual description of a Furnace in our Institutions C. 31. Book 2. And as structure of the distillative Furnaces is various so is it in many elegant for some are built like a Tower like a Tortoise and Simple which onely contain one vessel others are structed with very much artifice and are manifold assurging with five or more â—â—ricles each one whereof contains a peculiar vessel thus one vessel may be full of hot water to distil by a bath another of ashes another of sand another of another matter according to the various scope of the Operator but I would have a Pharmacopoly filled with thus many Furnaces seeing it is made for Medicaments rather then Instruments CHAP. 10. Of Alembicks and Cucurbites AN Alembick in its larger acception complects Cucurbites Retorts Glass-pots and a certain Instrument of Copper with three feet and three partitions in the lowest wherof ashes have their place in the middle burning coals and in the highest a vessel covered with a rostrated capitel in form of a Cone and sometimes round with a refrigeratory formed like a small cup that it may hold more water which when it is hot may be effunded through a cock posited in its decline and other cold water affunded into it again But it s more angust signification denotes onely a certain beaked distillatory vessel joyned to another vessel contained in the superiour part of the furnace and such are our Alembicks of Lead Glass or Potters-clay whether uniform or acuminated above broad below like a bell whence they are so called yet some are capitated and round and often obvallated with a certain refrigerative vessel which they sometimes call a Capitel sometimes a Hat because as the Head is covered with a Hat so is that receptacle or vessel which contains the stillatitious matter whose various form alters its denomination covered with an Alembick It is sometimes call'd a Cucurbite sometimes a Bladder sometimes Boccia Matratium a Pot and other names But the Bell whether it be alone or set on the receptacle is called an Alembick whereof there are two main differences the one is beaked which emits a long channel propendent like the snout of an Elephant through which condensed vapours delabe into the supposited vessel the other wants this tube and is called a blind Alembick this is proper to the Chymists who use it in sublimation as the beaked one in distillation some of these have such a long tube that they can traject it through the middle of a hogs-head full of cold water which concretes and contemperates the delabing water better Many have a beak deflected like a Serpent or Worm which name it holds and is most accommodate to distil Aqua vitae which the Chymists call Elixir vitae The magnitude also and figure of the receptacles are various for some are very ample and bellied others so small that they exceed not the magnitude of a Walnut and these are destinated to Chymical
incultivated places Wherefore it were needless to deduce all green Plants whereof the Apothecary hath diuturnal use into his Pharmacopoly and so superfluous for him to be furnished and surrounded with these when it is enough for him to have a few of them at opportune seasons when exigence requires For a heap of green Simples by long asservation putrefie and both their quality and quantity are worsted Therefore the Apothecaries act prudently who collect or buy green herbs onely for a half or a whole week for it were folly for a man to onerate his shop with Mallows Violets Mercury Brankurfine Pelletory of the wall Fumatory Endive Sowthistle Purslane Borrage Henbane and innumerable such others which are used onely green and collected in small quantity Wherefore it were ridiculous to include these in bags or repose them in boxes when he may easily when exigence calls for them deprome them out of gardens or countrey or if their feason be past by the Physicians advice substitute some other Dry ones therefore are onely necessary to be kept as of Roots the five apertives and many other alteratives and purgatives as the Roots of Cypres Angelica Enula-campana Grass Liquorice the greater Madder Tormentil Bistort Oinone Gentian Poeony Orris-grass Acorus Galingal Ginger Sweet-cane both Berthworts Asarum Sowbread Bartram Dittany Avens both the Ferns Water-betony Sea-Holly Ragwort Bugloss Sorrel Chyna Sarsaparilla Marshmallows the sea-Onyon Garlick the greater Comfrey Bryony Mechoacam Turbith Polypody Rhaponticum Meadow-saffron Rhabarb VValwort both the Hellebores and others less usual besides those that are usurped green Of cauls and leaves these are especially to be preserved both the VVormwoods Mint Balsamite Southernwood Germander Groundpine Hyssop Calamint Nep Horehound Peny-royal Wintersavery Thyme Origanum Dill Rue Lavender Marjoran Basil mother of Thyme Clary Scordium Chamomile Melilot Centory Cetrach Dittany Dodder S. Johns-wort Knot-grass Betony Balm Rosemary Travellers-joy Fluellen Vervine Marshmallows yellow Henbane Mullen Stoechas Tamarisk Mother-wort Polium Senna Laureol and Bayes Some Flowers also must be kept because their faculties soon perish but especially the three cordial Flowers and also the Flowers of Roses Pomegranates Sage Rosemary Violets Chamomile Melilot Broom Orange VValflowers Jasmine Gilliflowers Betony S. Johns-wort VVater-lillies and Saffron Seeds necessary to be kept are the four greater Refrigeratives the four lesser Refrigeratives and the seed of Marshmallows Arach Radish Barberies Plantain Quinces Fleabit Line Foenugreek Cumin Dill Aniseed Fennel Coriander Agnus Castus Ladies Rose Burdock Bastard-saffron Dwarf Elder Petroseline Smallage Ruscus Asparagrasos Gromwel-gith Poppy Basil Purslain Carret Angelico Mustard Brooklime Treacle mustard Hartwort of Candy Lovage Rocket VVinter-cherry Bayes Ground-Ivy Juniper Cardamomes and all the Peppers with many more Many Fruits also must be kept in Pharmacopolies as both sweet and bitter Almonds all sorts of Nuts Oranges Citrons odoriferous Apples Russetins Coloquintido Sorb-apples the fruit of the Cornel-tree Prunes Dates Mulberries Figs Quinces Jujubees Galls Olives Capers Cypress-Nuts Acorns Tamarinds Myrobalans Cherries * * * Anacardium the Beans of Malaca c. Barks and Cores are either pilled off the Roots of Plants as the bark of the Root of the Capers shrub or of the trunk of Plants as Cinamon or of their Fruits as of Oranges Lemmons Pomegranates and the like few whereof need be preserved because when exigence calls for them they may be taken of the Fruits and Roots Many Gummes are necessary as Ammoniacum Galbanum Sagapenum Bdellium Opoponax Assa-foetida Rosin clarified Rosin Tragacanth Storax Gumme-Elemni Cedri of the Cherry-tree Ivy Prune Juniper Arabick Mastick Gumme-Lacc Myrrhe and Frankincense with many more Other succes are kept either liquid and in bottles with a little Oyl above them as the juyce of Lemmons Gooseberries and Barberries or dryed as Liquorice-juyce as Opium Acacia Elaterium Aloes and Scammony More distilled VVaters also must be preserved then Nic. recenseates for who can enumerate how many and how various both Simples and compound VVaters are now distilled in shops not onely out of Plants but also out of integral Animals or their parts But the use of cordial Waters is most frequent and celebrated as of the Waters of Scabiose Devils-bit Goats-beard Bugloss Borrage Roses Marigolds Woodsorrel Scordium and of cooling Waters these Endive Succory Water-lilly Purslain Plantain Nightshade Lettice and many other waters which respect the Head Lungs or other parts of the Body as of Betony Balm Eyebright Fluellen Coltsfoot Liverwort Egrimony Ground-pine Tamaris Pimpinel Radish Saxifrage Pellitory Hysop Mugwort c. CHAP. 14. Of Minerals and Metals to be kept in Pharmacopolies THey erre equally who ablegate all Minerals from the number of Medicament and who usurpe them onely in expugning diseases for as they doe not conduce in all diseases so it is certain that they profit in some cases for Minerals afford us every kinde of Medicament to wit Alterative Roborative Cathartical Chalk Litharge and Vitriol alterate the Hyacinth Terra-Lemnia and Emerald roborate Lapis-Cyaneus Stibium and Mercury purge The effect also besides the Testimony of perite men shews that there are eximious faculties in Metals for Gold beaten into thin leaves and taken with other idoneous Medicaments cures many affections Avicenna prescribes it chiefly to such as are Melancholical and to such as should have their faculties roborated or spirits exhilarated and hence its dust is exhibited by the richer either in cordial confections which receive of its leaves as Aurea Alexandrina the confection of Alkermes and Electuarium de Gemmis Gold is Chieftain amongst Metals next Silver then Brass Tinne Lead and Iron some adde a seventh to wit Mercury which is a Metal rather potentially then actually but there are almost innumerable Minerals as all the sorts of earths amongst which Lemnia holds the chief seat then Bole-Oriental then Erethrian Setenusian Samian and Synopical earth with Ocre and such Minerals as are effoded out of the bowels of the Earth as fossile Salts Lime Talkum Misy Sory Red-Lead Chalk Vitriol Chrysocolla Auripigmentum Alom Sulphur Chrystal Stibium and such as cleave to Metals or are collected out of Furnaces wherein Metals are melted as the flower of Brass Cadmia Ceruse Brass-Scales Lead-Ocre Pompholix Spodium Litharge and the dross of Brass Many stones also are much celebrated amongst Minerals which for their eximious vertues and pulchritude are called precious stones as the Saphyr Ruby Carbuncle Emerald Hyacinth Granatus Topaz Beril Achates Sarda Carchedony Haematites Jasper Selenite Magner Pumic and Alome whereunto we may adde those those that are elicited out of the Sea and waters as odorate Amber Sea-Salt Whales-spume Bitumen Coral Amber Jeat Antal Dental Coralin Spunges and some others which being indued with a more imbecile faculty in Medicine are omitted CHAP. 15. Of Animals or parts thereof which are to be kept in Pharmacopolies ANimals both nourish us while well ture us while sick and vest us always or by some other means whether they be living or intemperate tend to our emolument as when we
use them wholly or some part or excrement of them to the curation of our diseases nutrication of our bodies or instauration of our strength for Musk and Givet though excrements wonderfully roborate the heart and spirits Insects are integrally usurped such as be Spanish-Flyes Asels Worms Lizards Ants Vipers Scorpions Frogs Crabs Swallows and some littles Birds The Medicinal parts of Animals are many as a mans scull unburied a Harts heart-bone Sparrows and Hares brains Boars and Elephants teeth Frogs hearts Foxes Lungs Goats Livers Wolves intestines Beavers and Cocks testicles Hogs bladders Harts genitals Serpents skins Mans Hogs Gooses Sheeps Ducks Badgers Conies Goats Snakes and Land-Snakes fat Harts Calves and Goats marrow Mans Stock-Doves and Goats blood all Milk and all that comes of it as Whey Cheese and Butter Hens Partridges and Ants eggs Honey Wax Propolis Harts Does and Unicorns horns Elkes Oxes and Goats Cleyes Oysters Margarites and many fishes shells And seeing excrements have their Medicinal vertues Pharmacopolists must also have them in keeping as Goats Dogs Storks Peacocks and Stock-Doves dung Sheeps grease Silk Musk Civet and the hairs of some Animals And that I may briefly complect all all the simple Medicaments we have described in our three Books of Medicinal matter are necessary for a Pharmacopolist CHAP. 35. Of Compound Medicaments to be kept in Pharmacopolies VVHen the Pharmaceutrical Art was not yet reducted to an Art nor any Medicaments save a few described or digested into order then what compounds should be retained and what rejected was not determinable Nicolaus Praepositus indeed described many Medicaments some whereof he himself disapproves of others he transcribed not faithfully and others he depraved by changing something in them so that from his writings we cannot conjecture what to keep or what not Nic. Alexandrinus heaps up such a mole of Medicaments that they would rather puzzle then help an Apothecary Actuarius also Aetius and Oribasius describe many which consisting of unknown and rare Simples are found either inept or neglected as indued with no eximious qualities Amongst the latter Writers Ferneleus Sylvius and Rondeletius have diligently examined the Medicaments invented by the Ancients and have rejected some as inconcinnate others they have proved illustrated and commended as invented by riper Judgements and indued with Nobler faculties I have diligently selected the most excellent from learned men and the most approved from old and expert men and of them extracted my Pharmaceutrical shop or Antidotary orderly composed into six books wherein all the approved troop of Alterative Purgative and Roborative Medicaments are described which being used either by intrinsecal assumption or extrinsecal adhibition I have exhibited those to be introsumed if Alteratives in form either of syrupes or sapes or conserves or eclegms if Purgatives either in the form of a liquid Electuary or a solid one or Trochisks or Pills if Roboratives either in form of a powder or an opiate confection or of Pastils those to be extraneously adhibited either in form of an Oyl or an Unguent or a salve All which receipts and forms of Medicaments we have exhibited in distinct Books and Chapters described in a good method wherein all the Medicaments are contained wherewith Pharmacopolies should be furnished and guarded He shall require no more neither can he be well furnished with fewer who desires well to cure the several affections of mans body The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY THE FIRST BOOK Of Alterative and Preparative Medicaments Distinguished into eight SECTIONS The first whereof describes onely Syrupes selected and approved by long use THE PREFACE HOw necessary a Method is in delivering of Disciplines I think is well known to any moderately-learned man For without a method there is no certain rule neither for Learner or Teacher to walk by but with this Arts are more firmly established their Theorems more optably read and easily learned Yet you shall scarce finde two who in writing Antidotaries have kept in one rode or disposed their Compounds in one order Some preposterously propose Nic. Praepositus for their example who himself imitating one Nic. Alexandrinus out of whose Works he excerpted those his Works he calls Joan. Agricol Ammonius and M. Tatius Alpin went on Alphabetically treating first of those Medicaments which begun with the letter A then with the letter B and so he spoke promiscuously of the Antidotes Acetum Scylliticum and Amylum Sylvius Fernelius and Joubertus of the later Writers have assayed by certain Laws and Rules to establish an orderly and duly-disposed method yet they much dissent among themselves and what one of them approves another disapproves yet all think that order is best which curation prescribes for a series of words onely demonstrate We have observed this method in our Shop wherein are contained all Medicaments for the expugnation of all diseases not confusedly described but such as must be introsumed are digested in the former part of the Antidotary such as must be extrinsecally adhibited in the latter part thereof The first part is distributed into three Books the first whereof treats of Alterative and Preparative Medicaments the second of Purgatives and the third of Cordials or Roboratives Each Book is disterminated into many Sections and they subdivided into many Chapters the first whereof treats of Syrupes and first of such as are made of the first and Spring-flowers as Syrupe of Violets Syrupe of Coltsfoot and of the flowers of Peach-trees CHAP. 1. Syrupus Violarum or Syrupe of Violets â„ž of Violet flowers fresh and picked 2 lb. Infuse them eight houres in 5 pints of hot scalding water in a close * * * An Insusionpot The Author appoints an equal quantity of sugar to the infusion pot well glazed afterwards press them out and the same Infusion made hot again adde to it the same quantity as before of fresh Violets Infusing them 8 hours more and so sive times repeated adde to the Colature 10 lb. â„¥ x. of Loaf-sugar and so make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Nature alone confects no Syrups but they acquire their mixtion coction and consistence by Art yet that which is made of Violets Water and Sugar onely is called a simple Syrupe in reference to the more compound which besides these admit of the seeds of Quinces Mallowes Jujubs Sebesten and the water of Gourds whose Authour they make Mesue but that I know of I never found it thus confected in him That which we call the Simple Syrupe is made in every Pharmacopoly but not alike simply confected for it is sometimes made of the succe of Violets and Sugar sometimes of the same infused and expressed twice thrice or oftener for many infuse and macerate new Violets seven times others eight and some nine But Fernelius thinks that so oft iterated infusion is needless They in vain saith he reiterate the maceration of Violets nine times for Syrupe of Violets seeing after the third or fourth infusion the Syrupe will be as efficacious as after more But I
think that better which is confected by many infusions Some put the expressed succe of Violets others the conserve of Violets in this syrupe incrassated by coction to make it more Violaceous others make it of pure succe of Violets and white sugar others coct their sugar first to the consistence of an Electuary and afterwards with the said succe of Violets into the crassitude of a syrupe Many put a difference betwixt the syrupe of Violets and the Violaceous syrupe calling that the syrupe of Violets which is made of purged flowers and that violaceous which is made of integral and not purged ones and this indeed hath less of Violets faculties in it but it is more solutive for the herbaceous part is emollitive as well as its leaves some put onely four pounds of sugar to five of succe and coct it into the consistence of a syrupe Syrupe of Violets breaks the acrimony of Choler tempers the heat of the bowels subduces the belly Qualitates and conduces to the vices of the breast It is a special auxiliatory in pectoral and lateral inflammations and against the roughness of the Aspera arteria and is very good against the heat of Fevers cholerick and acute diseases the ardour of the intrails and will quench thirst CHAP. 2. Syrupus Tusilaginis or Syrupe of Coltsfoot â„ž of Coltsfoot fresh m. vj. Maiden-hair m. ij Hyssop m.j. Liquorice â„¥ ij boyl them in four pintes of water till the fourth part be consumed let the Colature be clarified and adde thereunto of the finest sugar lb iij. boyl it up to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is denominated from Tussilage as from its basis which ingredes it in greater quantity Its author is uncertain and thence its preparation various But we have exhibited the best description appointing the four prescribed simples to be cocted in four pounds of water but lightly Those that make this syrupe in the beginning of the spring take only the flowers of Tussilage those that make it in summer adde as much of the green leaves as they take of its green flowers Some make it in the middle of summer onely of the succe of its leaves depurated and sugar it may be very well made of the decoction of the flowers and sugar and be called simple syrupe in reference to the former more compound which admits of the true Maidens-hair in stead whereof Polytrichum may be substituted It helps shortness and difficulty of breathing the asperity of the windpipe it cocts moves and expectorates spittle but it must be licked like an Eclegm that it may stick longer in the Osophage and reach the amplitude of the asper artery CHAP. 3. Syrupus florum Persicorum Or Syrupe of the flowers of Peaches Tree â„ž of Peach flowers fresh lb j. Infuse them in three pintes of warme Water for xij hours afterwards Boyl them a little and express them and let the like quantity of flowers be again infused in the same Colature and this repeated five times and to the Colature adde lb iij. of sugar which Boyl into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is either made of the fruits or the flowers of the Peach-tree that which is made of its fruits is seldom in use as Christophorus Mesues commentator confesses and it is made in the beginning of Autume as that of the flowers in the beginning of the Spring Three things require that this syrupe be made of fewer infusions to wit the loss penury and amaritude of the flowers the loss of the flowers which can be regained by no Art for the flowers being evelled new ones grow not again that year and the tree remains fruitless the Penury of them for this tree is sative onely and without culture bears no fruit their Amaritude which will be more intolerable by how much the infusions are more This syrupe educes water and choler Vires kills worms frees the Mesentery from infarctures for it opens the passages incides and educes the humours CHAP. 4. Syrupus de Lupulo Or Syrupe of Hops â„ž of the clarified juyce of Hops lb iiij the juyce of Fumatory lb ij white sugar lb vj. Boyl them according to Art and make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY All do not describe this syrupe alike for some make it onely of the succe of Hops and Sugar others adde the succe of Fumatory to whose judgment I rather incline for thus its faculties are bettered it must not be made till the season in the Spring be pretty hot for till then the Fumatory whose succe is required appears not otherwise it must onely be made of the succe of Hops depurated and Sugar cocted to legitimate spissitude It allayes the heat of the intrails Vires attenuates cold and crass humours educes hot ones it conduces to the Jaundies Leprosie and all diseases caused by obstructions CHAP. 5. Syrupus Rosarum Pallid or Syrupe of Damask Roses â„ž of Damask Roses fresh lb vj. infuse them eight hours in a close vessel in lb xv of warm Water afterwards express the flowers and let the same quantity be again infused and this repeated nine times and to the Colature adde an equal weight of Sugar to the infusion and so Boyl it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some put not so much sugar to it but coct it longer till it grow thick and then it is more purgative but less grateful to the palate many following Mesues advice keep the first though twice-iterated infusion in a glass well operculated putting Oyl upon it and insolating it forty days and they call this maceration of Roses not expressed but infused Mucharum Rosarum But lest some should judge us unmindeful of our purpose because promising to treat here onely of Alterative and Preparative Medicaments we have adjoyned syrupe of Roses which is absolutely Purgative we Answer that we describe the most usual syrupes in the same order that the season of the year gives them not remitting the Purgative which are very few till we treat of such Medicaments besides these that do purge they do it so ignavely that they are rather Preparatives then Purgatives It is alterative and Hydragogous for it tempers hotter humours Vires educes watry ones from very remote parts if it be taken in great quantity when it is new made it is more Purgative when older less it may safely be given to old men and children CHAP. 6. Syrupe of Hispidula or Aelurope vulgarly called Cats-foot â„ž of the tops of the flowers of Cats-foot lb j. infuse them a whole night and day in warm water lb v. afterwards Boyl them gently upon a small fire till lb iiij of the Colature remains to which adde Sugar lb iij. and so boyl it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY It is fure enough that this syrupe hath been but of late use for they of our age invented it and being imboldened by much experience approved of it Joannes Gonerius a Parisian Apothecary and perite Medick first made it at Paris who
seeing the Plant whereof it was made coming from the Turenian fields sought and found great plenty of it in fields near Paris and of them he made his syrupe annually not borrowing elswhere It is variously called to wit Hispudula Guaphilium Coronario Aelurope or Cats-foot and improperly Harts-foot This syrupe is multifariously made and yet none hath hitherto published its confections some onely take the summities of the Plant or its Down and macerate them in water others take its flowers and leaves to whom I easily assent for thus it becomes more astrictive and more convenient to stay fluxes others adde to its decoction Liquorice Jujubs Raisins Barley and other bechical matters But this description we have exhibited is most usual whereunto if we adde half a pound of rosaceous sugar its quality will be more bechical and cordial and its sapour more gracious The manner of its preparation is so easie that it needs no further dilucidation then that which is in its perspicuous description if no Plant but the dry one can be got then its quantity must be less and the waters greater This syrupe is eximious against many affections of the Lungs for Vires Aelurope or Hispudula being a vulnerary Plant and astrictive it doth not onely cure wounds and hinder Ulcers but heal many other vices It is most convenient for such as have fluxes descending into their breast or have their Lungs infarciated with much pituitous humours for it cohibits the violence of the falling humour cocts the flux roborates the part affected and moves expectoration CHAP. 7. Syrupus Papaveris simp or The Simple Syrupe of Poppy Mes â„ž of the heads of white and black Poppy of each â„¥ xij ss macerate them a whole day in lb iiij of Rain-water and to lb j. of the Colature adde Sugar and Penidees of each â„¥ vj. or lb ss and so boyl them into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Mesue calls this syrupe Simple in reference to the more compound whose confection hath many lenitives as the seeds of Lettice Mallows Quinces Jujubs Maidens-hair also and Liquorice ingrede whereunto if need be Fernelius would have syrupe of Violets or Jujubs to make up this simple syrupe he advises also to adde less of black Poppy because its use is not safe and augment the quantity of the white To which assertion Joubertus assents against Rondeletius and prescribes forty dragms of the black to eighty of the white Vulgar Apothecaries call this Syrupe Diacodium but imperitely for Diacodium is reposed among the Opiates yet one may supply the defect of the other when sleep should be conciliated Poppies heads by Galens advice must be so long cocted after maceration till they be flaccid and marcid and not till the third or fourth part of the water be left for we cannot express their succe but when they are marcid and therefore it is in vain to coct them longer Rain-water is the best in defect whereof we may use fountain-water if it be limpid insipid and void of qualities and therefore the water conducted in leaden pipes must not be accepted because there is mud in them and hence he that drinks the dregs of such water will be overtaken with the Dysentery though in other cases they be wholesome The Ancients Diacodium was made in form of an Opiate and very ungrateful for it admitted of no sugar but many insuave and it is probable useless things it is not now made but in its stead this syrupe made of the decoction of Poppies heads and sugar which many call improperly Diacodium Syrupe of Poppy conciliates sleep Vires mitigates the temper of the cholerick humour and allayes the Cough it becomes more bechical by the access of Penidia which the Arabians call Alphenicum because of its whiteness for it is a most white confection of sugar so long cocted in the decoction of Barley till it acquires a ductile consistence and may be handled ducted and formed with ones hands into Pastils and Rowls intorted like ropes CHAP. 8. Syrupus Papaveris Erratici or Syrupe of Red-Poppy â„ž of the infusion of Red-Poppies twice or thrice reiterated lb ij Sugar lb j. ss Sugar of Roses â„¥ iiij boyl it into a Syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY Some contend that this syrupe should be made of more infusions but two or three are sufficient for in so poriferous Medicaments no intenseness of faculties are requisite moreover so many infusions will make the colour and sapour of the syrupe more ingrateful The proportion of water to the sugar is the same in this with that in syrupe of Roses None of the Ancients spoke of this syrupe of Poppy but the later age found it good against the Pleurisie at the beginning thereof for it is astrictive roborative bechical and hypnotical it cohibits the humours falling down from the head upon the lungs and that it may better effect this some sugar of Roses must be added it may be safely given from half an ounce to an ounce and a half and to two ounces to the more valid especially if the Pleurisie be but beginning or not farre gone for it will either stay the former flux or hinder the rising of another CHAP. 9. Syrupus Nympheae or Syrupe of Water-Lillies â„ž of Water-Lillies lb ij infuse them six or seven hours in hot boyling water lb iij. afterwards boyl them a little and to the Colature adde again the same quantity of fresh flowers and let this be repeated three times and to the Colature adde an equal quantity of Sugar to boyl it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some make this syrupe onely of one infusion but that is more efficacious which is confected of two or three the green herbaceous and flave part also of the flower should be rejected and onely the white retained This is simple in reference to one more compound described by Franciscus-Pedomontanus which is seldome used because the Simple one is more easie of preparation and no less efficacious Moreover the description of the Compound is by some disallowed of by some changed by some the quantity of its ingredients is augmented by others diminished its description is well known This syrupe refrigerates much Vires cohibits venereous dreams restrains the immoderate flux of the sperm conciliates sleep allayes the heat of the bowels and abates the ardour of Fevers CHAP. 10. Syrupus Capil vener Com. or Syrupe of common Maiden-hair â„ž of the true Maiden-hair of the common Maiden-hair wall-Rue Spleen-wort Salvia vita of each m.j. Liquorice bruised â„¥ ij infuse them twelve hours in a sufficient quantity of water afterwards boyl them gently till it comes to lb v. adde to the Colature White Sugar lb iiij and so make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This is the most usual description of this syrupe whereunto some adde Raisins and Liquorice others Jujubs but none of these please Fernelius who thinks that the syrupe is made more ignave and weak by the admistion hereof but
be made either with Honey or Sugar but that is better and more suave which admits of Sugar whereof Fernelius addes twice the quantity to the succe but the more usual way of confecting the compound admits of onely two pounds of Sugar as Mesue hints who in his own idiome calls Dulcoacid and Semi-mature fruits Muzae that is pleasant for then their sapour arrides the stomack He that hath the compound needs not the simple But if the Mint be dry its quantity is greater for it is enough that one pound ten ounces be cocted in the succes and as much Sugar added to this Colature for it will be very insuave if made as Mesue describes it It roborates the ventricle hinders heart-aches vomiting Vires sighing and belly-flux but the more compounded is better SECT II. Of Syrupes which may be made at any time IN the first Section we described in order such Syrupes as should be confected in the Spring Summer and Autumn for the end of the precedent season being one with the beginning of the consequent those Syrupes which are made in the end of the Spring may as well be made in the beginning of Summer so that I would not disterminate the former Thirty Syrupes into exact Sections yet we have given their description in such order as the collection of the Simples required placing those first which are made of the first flowers of the Spring those last which are made of fruits in Autumn and those in the middle which are made of flowers roots succes and decoctions in Summer But in this Section we shall onely exhibit such as are or may be made in Winter or other seasons CHAP. 1. Syr. Rosar siccan or Syrupe of dry Roses D. Fernel ℞ of dryed * * * Red Roses Roses lb j. Infuse them 24 hours in hot boyling water lb iiij in the expression mix of the finest sugar lb ij boyl it up to the corsistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY Every one confects this syrupe after his own arbitration one while augmenting another while lessening the quantity of Roses sometimes iterating their maceration twice and sometimes oftner But no description can be more exact then this of Fernelius wherein is observed a due proportion of Roses to the water and of both to sugar and this syrupe confected with one maceration is all out as efficacious as any but red Roses must be selected not white or pale ones It stayes the belly-flux Vires roborates the internal parts gently deterges and agglutinates Ulcers asswages vomiting and cohibits Rheumatism CHAP. 2. Syrupus Reg. sive Alexand. c. or The Princely or Alexandrian Syrupe of old called The Julep of Roses ℞ of Damask rose-Rose-water lb iij. Loaf-sugar lb ij boyl it gently to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY He that considers this syrupe's perspicuity would with Mesue call it a Julep its consistence a Syrupe and its suavity a syrupe for Alexander or some Prince for both Kings and delicate persons delight to use it It is easie to make and may be made at any time and no Pharmacopoly can well be without it though our Ancestors knew not of it being not of skill to elicite Rhodostagme or Rose-water Mesue describes another Julep of Roses made of their infusion after which manner two syrupes may be made one of pale Roses which is purgative and another of dry ones but neither of them are justly called Juleps This syrupe is cordial bechical roborative and alterative Vires helping the breast liver ventricle thirst and all ardour CHAP. 3. Syrupus de Absinthio or Syrupe of Wormwood D. Mes ℞ of dryed Roman Wormwood lb ss Roses ℥ ij Spikenardʒ iij. old white-wine Juyce of Quinces of each lb ij ss macerate them a whole day upon hot embers afterwards boyl them till half be consumed and to the Colature adde clarified honey lb ij to make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Dry Pontian or Roman Wormwood must be taken and minutely incided that it may be infunded with Roses and Spikenard in generous Wine as Muskadine or the like in an Earthen vessel leaded 24 hours upon the hot ashes that done they must be fervefied once or twice afterwards honey or rather sugar must be added some make two sorts one of honey and vulgar wormwood the other of sugar and lesser wormwood Some make this syrupe of one half pound of green wormwood in three pounds of water cocted to the third adding to the colature clear generous and ancient white-wine and the best white honey of each one pound and coct them to the consistence of a syrupe Which-ever of these wayes it is made it is very ingrateful and thence many rightly diminish the quantity of the wormwood and augment the sugar for those things that would roborate the ventricle if ingrateful subvert it This syrupe roborates the stomack Vires helps concoction excites appetite discusses flatuosity opens the veins and moves urine CHAP. 4. Syrupus de Stoechade or Syrupe of Stoecados D. Fernel ℞ of the flowers of Stoecados ℥ iiij Thyme Calamint Origanum of each ℥ j. ss Sage Betony the flowers of Rosemary of each ℥ j. ss the seeds of Rue Piony and Fennel of eachʒ iij. boyl them in lb x. of water till half be consumed and to the Colature adde sugar and heney of each lb ij make it into a syrupe aromatize it with Cinemon Ginger sweet-Cane of each 〈◊〉 tyed up in a linen rag The COMMENTARY Mesue gives two descriptions of this syrupe in both which he puts Pepper and Bartram which being hotter are rejected by Fernelius and he addes certain cephalical Medicaments to wit Sage Betony Poeony and Rosemary that it may acquire the effect the Author intends This syrupe is cognominated from its Basis to wit Staecados whereunto the rest are adjoyned to acquire more cephalical and noble faculties Sylvius permits it to be made with sugar and not honey for the more delicate It conduces to many affections of the brain Vires as Mesue attests to which it would nothing confer if it were made after his description for Stoechas which he puts for its Basis is more hepatical or splenical then cephalical therefore Fernelius addes many cephalicals which make his syrupe conduce to the Epilepsie Cramp Trembling and all cold affections of the brain CHAP. 5. Syrupus de Glycyrrhiza or Syrupe of Liquorice D. Mes ℞ of Liquorice scraped and bruised ℥ ij white Maiden-hair ℥ j. dryed Hyssop ℥ ss macerate them a whole day in lb iiij of rain-water then boyl them till half be consumed to the Colature adde of the best honey penidees and sugar of each lb ss Rose-water ℥ vj. and so boyl them into a syrupe The COMMENTARY Many do right in not cocting dry Liquorice long lest it grow bitter but put it in in the end of the coction they clarifie the Colature with Penidia Sugar and Honey then coct it to a syrupe adding thereunto some Rose-water before it be perfectly cocted which
that I have seen of it and they were no few differ among themselves some admitting too many attenuatives others too viscid ingredients others useless ones and others in such a confused form as if they could scarce be prepared as described All of them require nemoral Snails which yet if there be any such are worse as Rubetae amongst Frogs because their succe is sharper and more fervid but less nutritive and apt to resarciate therefore I judge the vulgar more wholesom which live partly on the water partly on the land And Rondeletius said true that Snails could not alwayes live without water whence these terrestrial Snails must be such as live in muddy and fenny places partly on limpid water and partly on dry land But they must be duly prepared before they accede the confection of this syrupe their necks tails and members must be first abscinded their shels divided or separated that all the flesh may be extracted which must be purged from all filth cut into pieces and cocted together with the Simples enumerated and those in such order as they that require longer coction may be sooner injected those that require shorter later And so it were better to coct the simples severally from the flesh and the flesh first or last as the Medick will Sugar and Penidees must be added to the Colature It is good for such as resurge from long diseases Vires or are marcid tabid or consumed or labor under some prave affection of the lungs CHAP. 10. Syrupus exhilarans or The exhilarative Syrupe D. Dom. Laurent ℞ of the Juyces of Borrage and Bugloss lb j. ss of the Juyce of sweet smelling Apples lb j. of the Juyce of Balm ℥ ss of Kermes-berriesʒ iij. Saffronʒ ss Spec. diamarg. frigid ʒ ss Diambrae ℈ iiij Loaf-sugar lb ij coct it into Syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY Doctor Laurentius the King of France's chief Physician gives this description in a certain learned piece of his about conservation of the Sight Melancholy Catarrhs and old Age and he confesses that his Kinsman Castellanus the King of France's chief Chirurgeon was its Author and it is thus confected The grains of Kermes must be infused a whole night in the depurated succes upon hot ashes the sugar diluted in its strong expression then all cocted into a syrupe in whose middle a little bundle must be suspended wherein the powders and Saffron are contained its dosis may be from one ounce to two ounces in the morning before meat or at night before sleep It is cognominated exhilarative because it hath an eximious faculty in recreating the heart and vitals erecting the saculties abigating sorrow and tempering the malign quality of melancholy This syrupe may be substituted in stead of that that is made of Kermes in such parts where the Illex is coccigerous of which consection we were not unmindeful but being easie to make we omitted it and left to such whom Nature hath inriched with its eximious succe There are inumerable more descriptions of syrupes in divers Authors but some of them being disapproved of others scarce proved we will not onerate or rather inquinate our Antidotary therewith For the acid syrupe of Manna the syrupe of sweet Pomegranates of Persian Apples of acid Prunes of Pears of deansed Grapes of Thyme and many more which Mesue describes are out of use I hear of the syrupes of the greater Centaury of St. Johns-wort of Ivy of Tobacco of Fennel and some others not yet proved by use of which if the Famous Colledge at Paris approve I shall approve also Myrepsus his syrupe the syrupe of Diasireos the syrupes of Lilly of Acorus of Madder of Penny-royal of Turbith of Grapes of Myrobalambs and others which Jacobus de Manliis Andernacus Wekerus and some of the later rank describe are now wholly neglected SECT III. Of Syrupes dulcorated with Honey THere rest yet some Syrupes which we shall describe in this Section that are not dulcorated with Sugar but with Honey nor made like the rest of the decoctions of Roots Leaves Flowers Seeds and Fruits but onely of limpid and aqueous succes whereunto we may well referre that Hydromel which is called the vinous Hydromel for in sapour faculties and consistence it responds to a Syrupe CHAP. 1. Oxymel seu Acetum mulsum c. Oxymel or sweet Vinegar Secanjabin in Arabick ℞ of the best Honey lb ij of fountain-Fountain-water lb iiij white-wine Vinegar lb j. boyl them together in a fit vessel to the consistency of a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The Honey must first be cocted in water and despumed then must the Vinegar be by little and little adjected then all cocted together till they acquire the consistence of a liquid syrupe But the Ancients have not definitely described the quantity of Vinegar for seeing Honey according to Galen is hot and in hot natures turns soon into bile so much Vinegar must be added by Oribasius his advice as will correct that bilefying faculty and so it may be made into Oxymel convenient and useful for all ages and sexes for it is as sweet as acid and as mean and should be made variously according to the gust of the assumer so that it may not hurt for things very sharp abrade the intestines and hinder expectoration but that which is moderately acrimonious is very useful to the affections of the breast and lungs for it educes spittle and facilitates spiration for it incides and attenuates crass humours expurges the bowels without molestation and attenuates mans meat It s preparation then is various and the proportion of Honey to Vinegar and of Vinegar to water is various for though the a queous be better to most yet it agrees not to all Oribasius would have twice as much Honey and four times as much water as Vinegar and would have them all cocted to the thirds which is the same with that that Mesue gives whereunto Serapius assents though he elsewhere makes them of equal parts but that is too sowre Now the middle betwixt both may be of one part and a half of Vinegar to two of the best Honey which emits not much spume for all Honey that emits more spume is not so good but must be cocted and despumed longer and so its greatest part dissipated in coction for it must be cocted till it effer no more spume Thus the quantity of the Vinegar must be augmented and diminished according to the will of the user to whom it is more convenient as he more defires is and so it should be made according to every disposition yet that which is kept in shops is usually prepared as Mesue hath described and is made more sweet or more sowre as the assumer desires it and the exigency calls for it Oxymel incides Vires attenuates and prepares crass and viscid humours for expurgation conduces equally to hot and cold affections and effects what we have before mentioned CHAP. 2. Oxymel Stilliticum or Oxymel of Squills ℞ of
Honey despumed lb iij. Vinegar of Squills lb ij boyl them in an earthen pipkin to the consistency of a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The Medick Marcellus makes it after another manner by superadding water For he takes of Squils lb j. Fountain-water lb iiij loyl them to a pinte and half and so let it stand a whole day close covered afterwards press it out and to the expression adde as much Vinegar with lb iij. of the best Honey let it be again gently boyled to a fit consistency Mervardus also and Bern. Dissennius think it cannot be made without water to which opinion some assent who mix twice as much water with this as with the Simple Oxymel But Sylvius saith this is needless seeing the Honey is first cocted and despumed in water and the Vinegar legitimately prepared with Scilla and the Acetum is thus made one pound of the segments of Scilla trajected on a thread and dried in a shade is macerated in eight pounds of white-Wine the mixture is insolated in either a Glass-vessel or an earthen one well glazed with an angust orifice by the space of forty days in the hot Sun then it is strained and the segments being ejected and the Liquorice preserved which was of more use heretofore then now There are many and various wayes of making it but the description we have given is most usual and agrees with that which Paulus Aegineta gives of it There are also many wayes of making Oxymel Scilliticum but Democrates Julian and the rest make it more compound but these are neglected and no where made therefore omitted by us It incides crass humours Vires takes away obstructions caused by crass humours impacted on the lungs and cures the Epilepsie Vertigo Cephalalgia and Hemitrania CHAP. 3. Oxymel Compositum or Compounded Oxymel â„ž of the roots of Smallage Fennel Parsly Butchers-broom Asperagrass of each â„¥ ij the seeds of Smallage and Fenâ—el of each â„¥ j. boyl them all in lb xij of water in the clarified Colature mix of the best Honey lb iiij white-wine Vinegar lb j. coct it into a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The compounded Oxymel is made like the simple Oxymel Stilliticum one simple and usual Vinegar is here substituted in stead of the other Praepositus makes a certain compounded aromatical Oxymel and another potently diuretical mixing with the one many Aromata's with the other Grass-Orris and Radish-roots but these may be added when use calls for it and no other composititious Oxymel kept in shops The quantity of Honey is not determined by Authors because it is sometimes to be made more acrimonious at other times sweeter But if we should define the quantity we would make it in a mean betwixt acritude and sweetness It incides Vires attenuates and absterges viscid and pituitous humours frees the liver spleen and bowels from obstructions expels the sand of the reins and bladder and moves urine CHAP. 4. Hydromel vinosum simplex or Simple vinous Hydromel â„ž of the best Honey lb x. pluvial or fluvial water lb lx boyl them together till an egge will swim at top then insolate it and preserve it The COMMENTARY If this Receipt like not any one he may take water and coct it to the absumption of its third part accurately absterging and abjecting the spume for thus the more dissipable part of the water being vanished the remnant will have a consistence like a liquid Syrupe its sapour will be sweet and the coction fit for conservation Many Medicaments mutuate their basis and appellations from Honey as Mulsam or Mede Hydromel both aqueous and vinous Oxymel and many other Medicinal Honeys of the succes of Plants as Rhodomel or Honey of Roses Honey of Violets Mercury Raisins Rosemary and Anacardium Mede consists onely of Water and Honey mixed in a different proportion and that is called dilute Mede that admits but of little Honey How to make Mede and very much water For we make Mede saith Oribasiâ—â— when we mix much water with Honey and coct them till they cease to emit spume for then the spume must be taken off But the quantity of Honey must be augmented for pituious humours both to alter the peccant humour and to conciliate a more grateful gust Oribasius was out when he thought that Mede should be made of Wine and Honey and Melicrass of Honey and Water for they are both one Though Mesue calls Melicrass Oxymel and gives two descriptions thereof the one consists of Wine and Honey the other besides these two admits of many Aromata's as Cloves Cinamome sweet-Cane Mace and the like which by some he assenting thereto is called a Condite But this kinde of Potion which consists of Wine and Honey is called Oinomel Oinomel it is sometimes confected of two parts of old Wine and one of Honey and sometimes of five parts of new Wine and one of Honey which when cold is reposed into Hogs-heads Oribasius C. 25. L. 5. Collectorum Simple and vulgar Hydromel is prepared just as Melicratum so that they differ onely in name not in substance yet Galen saith Melicratum or Mede should be made of rain-water and Hydromel of fountain-water Apomeli is made also after the like manner for according to Galen it may be made of rain or any water so it be pure and Honey expressed from the comb which must be so long cocted together till spume cease to exurge which must be taken off as soon as it emerges for so it will depose its acrimony The Ancients called it syrupe of Honey-combs Philagrius gives a better description to a better Apomelie thus Let some Combs full of the best Honey be strongly pressed betwixt ones hands and let a portion of the honey expressed be injected into four times as much pure water and let the Honey-Combs be also immerged and washed in the water that they may depose all their Honey then let the water be strained then cocted over a luculent fire and well despumed let it then be taken off and frigefie and let what-ever swims upon be abjected then boyl it again and despume it which iterate thrice and when it is at last frigefied and purged from its excrements inject this Apomeli into an Earthen or Wooden Vessel Aqueous Hydromel is scarce ever preserved in shops but presently made when use calls for it but the vinous is often confected by the Medicks advice and kept in Citizens houses as some Nectar more precious then Malmsey for it potently cocts frigid humours moves expectoration roborates the stomack hinders crudities helps concoction moves appetite discusses flatuosity mitigates cholical dolours moves urine and very much profits cold constitutions The English were wont to make a more composititious vinous Hydromel which they called Metegla Metegla which received less of Honey but more Aromata and Leaven which is thus confected â„ž of the best and most refined Honey lb x. of the clearest spring-spring-water lb lx boyl them together till a third part be
consumed Metheaglen casting away the spume as it rises and when it begins to grow cold put it into a convenient vessel in which hang a nodule of Leaven â„¥ iij. adding Cinamon Grains Pepper Ginger Cloves bruised of eachÊ’ j. set it in a place where the sun may * * * For 40 days come then preserve it in a Wine-Cellar for future use This kind of potion is most pleasent it will often keep two years in sapour and faculties it responds to Malmsey SECT IV. Of Succes dulcorated with Honey PHarmacopolies preserve some Honeys made of the infusions of Plants or of their succes compounded with Honey which from their confistence and Honey some call Syrupes of Honey but we rather from their succes which ingrede their confecture and Honey call them Melleous succes for whether the extracted succes of Plants be adjoyned to Honey or the Plants themselves be macerated in Honey their succes are alwayes mixed with Honey whence the whole mixture is rightly called A Melleous succe CHAP. 1. Mel Rosatum Lat. Rhodomeli Graec. Geleniabin Arab. or Honey of Roses â„ž Red Roses a little dryed in the shade lb ij Honey neither too old nor too new lb vj. mingle them and boyl them upon a gentle fire in a Pipkin to a good consistence and so preserve it for future use The COMMENTARY All do not prepare honey of Roses alike but many despising the descriptions of Mesue and Nic. Praepositus one while make it with fire onely another while by insolation another while by both and sometimes by none of them but onely by maceration some inject the whole Roses into the honey others bray them first some use onely the succe others both the succe and other Roses the most usual preparation is after the manner we have tradited wherein the Roses a little dryed must be macerated in honey then elixated a little afterwards exposed to the Sun and moved every third day that they may be hot on every side Whilest they are thus made and not strained they are called Honey of Rose-leaves if they be calified and strained as they are usually before they be used they are then called Honey of strained Roses and especially that that results from brayed Roses and Honey That which is made of two parts of the succe of exungated Roses and one of Honey cocted together to the absumption of the fourth part whose spume must be diligently extracted in boyling is called The liquid distrained Honey of Roses Honey of Roses cohibits hot fluxes Vires whether assumed or applied it helps deterges and roborates the stomack CHAP. 2. Mel Violatum or Honey of Violets â„ž of the fresh flowers of Violets lb j. the best Honey lb iij. mingle them in a convenient vessel with a narrow orifice insolate it and keep it for use The COMMENTARY Some to the confection of this honey bray the Violets others mix them whole being small flowers with hot honey in an carthen glazened pot then they expose the pot to the Sun for fifteen dayes each other day agitating the mixture with a rudicle then they repose it and when use calls for it mix it with a little water elixate it a little strain it and thus they get special honey of Violets others do otherwise and in Mesue's opinion it may be made like honey of Roses well but the Violets should be a little dryed or at least deprived of all acquisititious humidity and the honey should be used neither too new nor too old Honey of Violets is commended to pectoral affections it mitigates absterges refrigerates and roborates and therefore it is usefully mixed with many Glysters and Gargarisms and adhibited to deterge Ulcers CHAP. 3. Mel Anthosatum or Honey of Rosemary â„ž of the flowers of Rosemary lb j. Honey well despumed lb iij. mingle them in a Jarre-glass and set it in the Sun which after a convenient insolation preserve for future use The COMMENTARY This of Rosemary is made like them of Violets and Roses Some commend the oldest honey but I like the honey of a middle age because it is neither too dilute nor too crass This is called Mel Anthosatum because the flowers of Rosemary are for their dignity and praecellence called Anthos or flowers And seeing Rosemary flourishes twice in a year once in the Spring and once in Autumn honey of Rosemary-flowers may also be confected twice annually at the aforesaid times when its flower is fresh and fragrant for when it is dry it is almost inodorate and useless It is cephalical and nerval Vires it is a special ingredient in Glysters prescribed to the Lethargie Apoplexy and affections of the head it corrects the parts distempered by cold with its calour and dissipates flatuosity CHAP. 4. Mel Mercuriale or Honey of Mercury â„ž of the Juyce of Mercury lb iij. the best honey lb iiij mingle them and after elixation despume them and so preserve them for use The COMMENTARY They measure not honey all in the same quantity some adding more of the succe and less of honey others on the contrary and many a like weight of both We judge the honey to be more praepotent when it is made of the succe and of leaves or flowers macerated though its quantity exceed the succes It is sometimes made onely of the decoction of the leaves but this way I cannot approve of It may be equally confected of the succe of the Male as the Female Mercury for both have affine faculties and convenient for this confection To the male Mercury they referre Dogs Colewort but this honey may not be confected thereof it should be made betwixt the middle of the Spring and end of Summer for then Plants are more succulent and their qualities more efficacious Honey of Mercury serves scarce to any other use Vires save to ingrede Glysters to make them more absterfive and purgative CHAP. 5. Mel Passulatum or Honey of Raisins â„ž of Raisins purged from the stones lb ij infuse them 24 hours in lb. vj. of hot water either fountain or pluvial afterwards boyl them till half be consumed strain it with a strong expression and to lb iij. of the aforesaid Colature adde lb ij of the best honey which boyl up to a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some have described two Receipts the one with the other without honey for it may admit of honey though its Inventor Matthaeus describes it without the intervent of honey Whether way soever it be made it is very grateful to the palate and bechical and therefore justly ingredes the composition of some Eclegms There are other Medicinal honeys as the honey of Myrtle of Squills of Anacardium and that of Myrobolambs but they being of rare or no use in Medicine are seldome made We have omitted the honey of Anacardium for many causes First because the fruits whereof it is confected are exotical and very seldome brought to us Secondly because they are indued with a deletery faculty
parts but they will be much diminished and yet the cleansed flower should be onely assumed for this confection both that its faculties may be better and its colour more violaceous The Violets should be brayed very small that no asperity may be found therein then twice their quantity of Sugar must be added to them then they must be again contunded together till the mass be soft and fit to be conserved in an idoneous vessel Mesue addes thrice their quantity of Sugar and then the Conserve is sweeter but not so valid Conserve of Violets allayes the heat of Choler Vires extinguishes the ardour of other humours quenches thirst subduces the Belly dilates and levifies the jaws and asper artery and cures all pectoral affections CHAP. 2. Conserva Rosarum or Conserve of Roses â„ž of red Rose-buds purged from their whites lb j. beat them with a wooden Pestel in a stone Morter till they become a paste then adde of the best Sugar lb iij. which beat with the Roses till they are perfectly mingled and after a little insolation put it up for future use The COMMENTARY Mesue calls that the Sugar which we call the Conserve of Roses and he takes red white and all Roses dryed in a shade without difference with thrice as much Sugar whereof he makes his Sugar of Roses which after three moneths space he exposes to the Sun we take only red Roses not dryed but brayed and mixed with thrice as much Sugar some put onely twice as much Sugar to it and so make the Conserve less suave but more efficacious We call that Sugar of rose-Rose-water which some call Sugar of Roses solved in equal measure and cocted to the consistence of a solid Electuary of which in its place But our Conserves of Roses are not alwayes alike but some are more liquid and soft which are made as we before described them of new flowers brayed and mixed with Sugar others more solid which are made of the powder of dry Roses with eight or ten times as much Sugar diluted in Rose-water and cocted to the consistence of a solid Electuary wherewithall a little succe of Sorrel or Lemmons is mixed which is made into red paste out of which oblong morsels small at each end and crasser in the middle are formed The Conserves thus confected at Agendicum a City in the Province of Brya are much commended Conserve of Roses is cephalical and cordial for Vires it roborates the head and intrails allayes their heat and cohibits fluxions CHAP. 3. Conserva Buglossi or Conserve of Bugloss â„ž of the picked flowers of Bugloss lb j. beat them in a Marble Morter very well to which adde of the finest Sugar lb ij beat them well together which after a convenient insolation repose in a fit vessel The COMMENTARY I can scarce assent to their opinion who would have Buglosses flowers whose vertue is superficial and easily dissipable dryed before triture and mixtion for they are better by how much they are newer and more humid but if they lose their native humidity they lose their efficacy for they are no whit more humid then exigence requires Moreover the more aqueous and excrementitious part of newly confected Conserve is dissipated by insolation but if they be wet with dew or rain they should be dryed in a shade rather then in the Sun before their confecture Conserve of Bugloss exhilarates the vital parts Vires recreates the heart helps the Melancholical conduces to such as labour in the Palsey and Cough CHAP. 4. Conserva Borraginis or Conserve of Borrage â„ž of the fresh flowers of Borrage well picked lb ss of the whitest Sugar lb j. ss beat them in a stone-Morter with a Box-Pestel till it comes to a perfect Conserve The COMMENTARY First the flowers must be brayed by themselves till they be levigated then the Sugar then must they be mixed in triture and made into a soft mass which reconded in an idoneous vessel must be insolated and preserved The Arabians call it Zuccarum alchibil that is Sugar of Borrages the later age calls it Conserve of Borrage-flowers It is given to the same affections with Conserve of Bugloss Vires for both recreate the heart and vital spirits conduce to melancholical passions and this by a peculiar faculty moves womens fluors according to Holerius CHAP. 5. Conserva Nenupharis or Conserve of Water-Lillies â„ž of the flowers of Water-Lillies purged from their herbaceous parts and dryed a whole day in the shade lb ss beat them very well with lb j. ss of white Sugar till they come to a perfect Conserve The COMMENTARY The flowers of Water-Lillies being more crass and humid may be a little aerified then contunded that they may be levigated afterwards the sugar must be added brayed subacted and concorporated with the tunded flowers which mass well subacted must be reposed in a potters vessel white flowers must be selected whose herbaceous green and flave part also which is in the middle of the flower should be abjected The luteous Water-Lilly neither ingredes this Conserve nor the Syrupe before-described because the white one is better and more frequent they should likewise grow in limpid and clear water others are worse Conserve of Water-Lilly allayes the heat of the intrails Vires quenches thirst refrigerates the brain conciliates sleep and is good for such as are severish CHAP. 6. Conserva Anthos or Conserve of Rosemary-flowers â„ž of the finest flowers of Rosemary very small beaten lb ss of the whitest Sugar lb j. ss mix them well together with a Box Pestel till they become a fine paste which keep in a Gally-pot well luted The COMMENTARY The Rosemary-flower being of it self dry should not be exposed to the Sun before triture nor dryed but this and all calid and dryer flowers require more of sugar not for their conservation but more suavity and they need not so much insolation This Conserve is of much use in Medicine Vires for it is very cephalical and nerval roborates the brain and propugns all its affections it successfully helps or cures the Epilepsie Apoplexy Lethargy Palsey and Trembling CHAP. 7. Conserva Betonicae or Conserve of Betony â„ž of the flowers of Betony fresh and finely picked lb j. white Sugar lb iij. beat them according to Art into a Conserve The COMMENTARY All do not make this Conserve after the same manner for some confect it according to the form prescribed others coct Sugar in the water of Betony to the consistence of a solid Electuary then mix it with brayed flowers and make a Conserve of most laudable sapour and faculties it may well be made either way Conserve of Betony whether assumed or adhibited Vires roborates the head benefits the ventricle obtunds poysons and propugns all affections of the brain CHAP. 8. Conserva Salviae Melissae Stoechados or Conserve of Sage Balm and Stoechados â„ž of the flowers of Sage or Balm or Stoechados lb ss white Sugar lb s
same things that make up Honey of Squills onely they differ in preparation and proportion For in Honey of Squills the leaves are confusedly insolated with the Honey in a fit vessel and strained when use calls for it But in the Eclegm of Squills onely their succe is cocted with Honey above the consistence of a Syrupe Eclegms of Squills potently incide and prepare for expulsion Vires crass and viscid humours impacted in the spirators They very much help such as breath with difficulty or have much of viscid Phlegm in their Lungs or highest region of the Breast CHAP. 2. Eclegma de Caulibus or Eclegm of Colewort D. Gord. â„ž of the Juyce of Coleworts lb j. boyl it a little and scum it afterwards adde SaffronÊ’ iij. Sugar and Honey of each lb ss boyl them according to Art to the consistence of a Linctus The COMMENTARY The succe of Garden-Cauls must first be educed then depurated by the Sun or fire then Honey or Sugar added to it and they perfectly cocted then must well-pulverated Saffron be mixed therewith or as Gordiâ—nus its Author would have it injected therein 〈◊〉 while cocting because he will have it tend to its spissitude but it is credible he means by his Electuary a Lohoch for the cure of difficulty of breathing But the leaves of red Cauls should be selected when the diseases of the highest part of the Breast are respected or the Belly to be moved Lonoch of cauls cures difficulty of breathing Vires inveterate coughs cocts moves and excludes spittle CHAP. 3. Eclegma de Pulmone Vulpis or Eclegm of Foxes Lungs D. Mes â„ž of Fox Lungs prepared and dryed of the Juyce of Liquorice white Maiden-hair sweet Fennel-seeds Anise-seeds of each equal parts make it into a Lohoch with Syrupe of Red-roses or Myrtles The COMMENTARY Some confect it with simple Hydrosa charum that is water and sugar others with sugar solved and cocted in Saxifrage water and some that would have it more roborative with Rob or inspissated succe of Myrtle as Mesue advises We confect it with syrupe of Roses or Alexanders syrupe for so it is more grateful then those with Rob of Myrtle and Hydrosacharum yea its faculty roborates in a mean betwixt them But if it be kept for a Roborative it may be rightly confected with syrupe of Myrtle but Pharmacopolists do not now preserve it Foxes Lungs should if possible be onely taken by such as are young sound and given to hunting they must be washed in water incided according to the vessels whereto they adhere and wherein they are suspended their blood must be expressed then moderately washed in white-wine imposed in a pot dryed in an Oven pretty hot and kept When use calls for them a portion of them must be levigated very small and mixed with some idoneous liquor as in this Eclegm with the said Syrupe and other pulverated Medicaments Mesue describes this Lonoch of Foxes Lungs to difficult breathers Vires but some would rather bray the Lung and exhibit it mixed with Julep of Roses others upon good grounds prefer the Lungs of other wholesome Animals as Hogs Rams or Calves Lungs for the easure of such as are troubled with difficulty of breathing for the diseased may eat these with more delight and salubrity to the quantity of two or more ounces and so better consult the sanity of his Lungs then if he uses an ounce of this Eclegm wherein there is scarce a scruple of Foxes Lungs Yet this should be kept in Pharmacopolies because it is very bechical and may be successfully used by such as are tabid CHAP. 4. Eclegma sanum expertum or A sound and experienced Lohoch D. Mes â„ž of Raisins stoned Figs Dates of each n. xij Jujubees Sebestens of each xxx Foenugreek-seedÊ’ v. Linseed Anise-seed sweet Fennel-seed dryed Hyssop Calamint the roots of Orris Liquorice Cinamon of each â„¥ ss Maiden-hair m.j. boyl them all in four pintes of water till half be consumed to the Calature adde Penidees lb ij boyl it again to the crassitude of Honey then adde these following powders and pastes Pine-kernelsÊ’ v. blanched Almonds Starch of eachÊ’ iij. Liquorice Gumme-Thraganth Arabick of each â„¥ ij ss Orris â„¥ ss Let all these be exactly mingled and beaten into a Lohoch The COMMENTARY That this Eclegm may be well confected the root of Orris should be cut into short pieces and be first cocted in limpid water by half a quarter of an hour then must the seeds be injected then the fruits and leaves last the Liquorice and Cinamon the powders being levigated a part must be confusedly mixed and conjected into the colature duly cocted with Penidees that of these united and agitated with a Pestel may arise an Eclegm which from its effect is called Sound and Expert for it contains many fruits seeds leaves and some gummes which commonstrate its eximious faculties whereunto they adde Amylum to make it more viscid Now Amylum may be made of many cereals but the best is that that is made of Wheat five times madefied with water till it be soft which done the water is effused without agitation lest something that is useful flow out with it when it is very soft and the water effused it should be calcated with ones feet and so broken then should water be again superfused upon it and it again calcated and the enatant bran received into a sieve and the rest dried in a Basket and forthwith baked in the sun and kept For thus it is grinded without a Mill and thence called Amylum It leniates exasperated parts stays the fluxions of the eyes and rejections of Blood This Eclegm cures the cough Vires and hoarseness contracted by a cold distemper it incides attenuates and deterges much and concocts cold humours CHAP. 5. Eclegma de Pineis or Eclegm of Pine-kernels D. Mes â„ž of Pine-kernels cleansed from their skinsÊ’ xxx sweet Almonds Hazel-Nuts Gumme-Thraganth Arabick Liquorice Juyce of Liquorice white Starch white Maiden-hair Orris-root of each â„¥ ss the Pulp of DatesÊ’ xxxv bitter Almonds Honey of Raisins fresh Butter white Sugar of each â„¥ iiij Honey as much as will suffice to make it up according to Art into an Eclegm The COMMENTARY That this Eclegm may be rightly made the dry roots must first be brayed apart then the Maidens-hair then the fruits then the gummes and Amylum but such as may better be incided as Almonds and Filberts may be cut with a knife When all are well levigated Rob or Honey of Raisins must be added then butter then an idoneous quantity of the whitest and best Honey that the Eclegm may be of a legitimate consistence It cures inveterate coughs Vires difficulty of breathing moves viscid spittle helps the asperity of the voyce helps coction and expectoration of humours and cures such affections of the Lungs and Breast as arise from the plenty or noxious quality of humours Finis Libri Primi The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY THE
SECOND BOOK Of most selected and approved Purgative Medicaments THE PREFACE THe multitude of Compounded Purgatives are almost innumerable their forms multifarious and their preparations various We shall here exhibit the most select best and approved and those either in form of a liquid or solid Electuary as Opiates or Hierae or in form of Pills and Trochisks For Pharmacopolists seldome keep Purgatives in form of Powders or Potions We shall adde the manner and reason of their confecting and the quality of the Confection But we shall withall omit many Purges described by the Ancients because their use is not salubre nor a due order observed in their Composition as admitting of many noxious useless and unknown Medicaments We shall also neglect many described and invented by late men who being covetous of vain-glory cognominated some after their own Titles and from a fictitious effect We shall I say relinquish such and give onely the more select approved and useful We dissect this Treatise into four Sections In the first whereof we speak of liquid Electuaries in the third of solid ones in the fourth of Pills and in the second of bitter Confections which Medicks call Hierae CHAP. 1. Diacassia D. N. Praepos â„ž of the flowers and leaves of Violets Mallows Beets Pellitory Roman Wormwood of each m. ss boyl in lb iiij of water till half be consumed to the Colature adde of Honey lb j. boyl it to the consistence of a liquid Electuary then mingle with it Gassia lb j. and so make it into an Electuary and repose it in a fit vessel The COMMENTARY All do not make Diacassia alike for some coct the succes of Plants with honeys to a fit crassitude and then adject the Cassia others elixate the Plants and in the colature dilute Cassia and Honey and then fervefie the whole mixture to the consistence of a liquid Electuary But that manner wherein the Cassia is so long cocted is disapproveable but the other whereby the Canes wherein the Cassia is contained are washed in the strained decoction and afterwards a pound of honey added and they cocted to a legitimate spissitude that by the adjection of a pound of Cassia they may become an Electuary is very good Some in stead of honey mix sugar therewith others both some adde Manna others Senny others other Medicaments and so confect various Electuaries of Cassia whereunto I assent not For it is enough that we have Diacassia made according to the prescript for Glysters and if the pith of Cassia must be assumed at the mouth it may be extracted fresh and taken alone or mixed with other Medicaments as the Medick requires But Aegyptian or Oriental Cassia should be selected which is without redly black and within full of a fat medullous and black matter which is of force to contemperate heat wash the Belly and gently purge the Body and may thence be securely given to Boyes Old-men and pregnant Women for it subduces the Belly without molestation but it is thought procurative of flatulency and therefore many educe its pith in the vapour of cocted Anise or Fennel others mix some Cinamon with it and Coraeus gives it with some grains of Berberries to such as have weak Intestines I hear of a new kinde of Cassia brought from Brasile a half ounce whereof doth more move the Belly and copiously educe humours then a whole ounce of the vulgar and oriental Diacassia is a benign Medicament and purges clemently it allayes the heat of the Mesentery gently moves the Belly humectates its siccity and by lubrication and detersion deposes the excrements by stool CHAP. 2. Electuarium lenitivum or The lenitive Electuary â„ž of Polypody of the Oak Senny picked Raisins stoned of each â„¥ ij Mercury m. j.ss Barley Maiden-hair Violets of each m. ss Jujubees Sebestens of each num xx Prunes stoned Tamarinds of eachÊ’ vj. LiquoriceÊ’ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed to the Colature adde Pulp of Cassia-Fistula Tamarinds Prunes Loaf-sugar and Sugar of Violets of each â„¥ vj. Senny powdred â„¥ iij. ss make it into an Electuary according to Art The COMMENTARY The Raisins which ingrede this confection should be purged from their stones if white Adiantum or true Maidens-hair cannot be had Polytrichum may be substituted in its stead Conserve of Violets or Sugar of Violets may be mixed at pleasure He that judges Conserves inept in Electuaries may adde Anise or sweet Fennel-seed or a little Cinamon yet this Electuary hath hitherto been confected without any of them and the users have not found any molestation from flatulency The fruits whose pulps must be educed must be humectated in a part of the prepared decoction another part thereof with sugar must be made into a Syrupe and the pulps with sugar of Violets mixed with it while hot then must an ounce and an half or at least an ounce and three dragms of well-levigated Senny be added to every pound of the Composition whereof they say Rhasis is Author This lenitive Electuary thus cognominated from its effect Vires levifies mollifies and subduces the Belly educes all obvious but especially pituitous and melancholical humours without molestation it helps against the Pleurisie and other pectoral affections The Florentine Medicks describe another by the name of the Magisterial Electuary which admits of Turpentine Ginger and Scammony which our Shop may well be without CHAP. 3. Electuarium Catholicum or The Catholical Electuary â„ž of Polypody of the Oak well bruised lb j. pure water lb ix boyl them together till a third part be consumed and in two parts of the decocoction let there be boyled Sugar lb viij to which adde pulp of Cassia and Tamarinds madefied with the other part of the decoction of the leaves of Senny of each â„¥ viij of the best Rhabarb Polypody sweet Fennel-seeds Violets of each â„¥ iiij of the four greater cool seeds of each â„¥ j. Liquorice Penidees Sugar-Candy of each â„¥ ss make into an Electuary The COMMENTARY That this universal Antidote may be duly confected many things must be brayed and prepared apart and first of all Polypody which being twice assumed must be bifariously prepared In the first course it must be brayed only pretty grosly in the second it must be levigated very small that which is onely contunded must be long cocted in the prescribed or sufficient quantity of water and a Syrupe must be made of two parts of its colature and sugar The Tamarinds and Cassia must be humectated with the rest that their pulps may be more easily separated and secerned The Rhabarb must be brayed alone the Senny Liquorice Fennel and Violets both alone and together twice as much of the Syrupe of Violets may be mixed in stead of the Violets the four cold seeds must be excorticated and minutely cut with a Pen-knife then must the Penidia and Sugar be pulverated then must all be put together and agitated with a ligneous Pestel or Rudicle till
auxiliary for the Hypochondriacal who as yet have been either overlooked or taken for desperate This Medicament is concinnated for the affections of the Hypochondriacal Histerical Melancholical and such as venery hath proclaimed French-men It is named Dialalzemer from Senny its Basis which the Arabians call Albazemer then which no Medicament is more melanagogous nor purge more tolerable This we mix partly in Powder partly in infusion with such things as discuss flatulency attenuate humours remove infarctures roborate the spleen liver and bowels recreate the faculties respect the Uterus obtund some malign quality and securely propel humours long since congested not onely melancholical and contumacious ones but viscid and pituitous also which sometimes put on the habit of Melancholly and some adust bilious humours and therefore we adde Rhabarb and Turbith that we may with the Melancholical Captain-humour educe the Pituitous his companion inseparable and also the Bilious which is pedissequous And because this Medicament most respects melancholy we have selected black Hellebore for this black humour rejecting the white as more convenient for Phlegm The manner of its preparation is easie and sufficiently demonstrated in the description But before all be congested into the composition the Azure-stone calls for some preparation as thus A sufficient quantity thereof must be taken brayed in a Metalline Morter washed with common water dryed in the Sun or hot ashes then again washed and dryed and so again and again till the water remain limpid then must it be dryed and that not ten but if need be twenty times then let it be washed four five or more times in cordial waters then let it be dryed and kept for use For thus its malign quality perishes and its purgative evades conqueror In the confection of Alkermes it is burnt and its purgative faculty exhaled its cordial onely then remaining whereof there is use Diabalzemer doth miraculoussy help the Splenical Vires Melancholical Hypochondriacal Maniacal Epileptical Histerical and Elephantical This frees Widows from their foetid colours for want of concourse and venereous Indians from their scarlet Noses contracted by contract CHAP. 12. Hydragogum Eximium ℞ of the roots of Orris Reed Grass the barks of the roots of Capers Asarabacca Caraway of eachʒ vj. Pimpinel * * * Polytricus Maiden-hair Egrimony Ceterach Mugwort of each m.j. of the flowers of the Peach-tree m. ss Boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water In the Colature infuse and boyl a little of the leaves of Senny ℥ ij of the seeds of Carret ℥ ij boyl the decoction till it comes to a pinte to which adde Juyce of Damask-Roses lb ss Sugar lb ss Honey despumed in the decoction ℥ x. boyl them to a Syrupe to which adde these following powders Manna ℥ ij Turbith * * * Esula Milkwort prepared of each ℥ j. ss Gingerʒ j. Water-flag Calamus Aromaticus of eachʒ j. Mechoacan ℥ ij the seeds of Dwarf-eldern ℥ ss and of Sea-Colewortsʒ iij. Cinamonʒ ij make it up into an Electuary The COMMENTARY Many descriptions we have which smell more of confusion then composition whose effects shew their brangling Authors and therefore we reject many liquid Electuaries as either unaccommodated for cure by their ill composure or obsolete for want of custome picking out such as are better described and more approved by their sanative effects As besides the two former which we have added this also which for its excellence is called The eximious Hydragogal Electuary which we desire may be alwayes in Pharmacopolies that it may be ready to open the sluce when the river is stopped and the banks almost over-run lest the hydroptical be without praesidy and drown his vitals in his watty Belly And because we would have this Medicament perfect we have added such things as will emend the distemper remove the obstructions and roborate the whole of the Spleen and Liver from which the hydroptical get much of his evil We have also added some to discuss flatuosity and awaken the native calour Besides many more which duly prepared become hydragogous The form demonstrates the manner of their preparation This may be safely given to such as labour under the Dropsie Vires for it educes watry humours without violence and is a most accommodate Purgative for all diseases arising from thence The Parisian common people used to flock to a woman-Pharmacopolist who gave them a certain Powder to purge the hydroptical of their watry and serous humours but few or none recovered SECT II. Of Hierae SOme Purgative Compounds were for their excellent effects by the Greeks called Hierae that is Holy and Great for they are indued with great vertues and cure great diseases but they are most vulgarly denominated from some famous Author as CHAP. 1. Hiera Picra seu Dialoe Galeni lb of Cinamon Mace Asarum Spikenard Saffron Mastick Squinant of eachʒ vj. Aloes not washedʒ 100. or lb j. and ℥ ss the best Honey despumed the treble quantity or lb iiij make it into an Electuary The COMMENTARY This Hiera is by Galen its Author called Picra that is amare because of the Aloes which is its Basis from which it mutuates its Purgative faculty We retain the old composition save that in stead of Xylobalsum which is scarce to be had we by Fernelius his advice substitute Mace and for the flowers of the sweet Rush which are not brought to us the Rush it self and so we keep to the quantity which Galen or rather Andromachus prescribed to be mixed with the Aloes This Hiera Picra was most usual at Rome besides other two which Galen sometimes used in which he detracted changed or at pleasure added what exigence called for But now they are obsolete But this yet remains entire except it be for the wood of Balm which some take out and substitute nothing others the surcles of Lentisks and others the fruit of Balm which is equally rare therefore no good substitute But Mace or Sweet-cane may well succeed in its room and the Hiera no whit less efficacious Galen is perhibited its Author rather because he celebrated it then invented it It is easie to make the Mastick Aloes and Saffron must first be brayed a part then the rest and afterwards the ingredients must all be mixed in despumed honey that they may acquire the spissitude of an Electuary It califies incides attenuates dryes deterges Vires removes obstructions expurges bilious pituitous crass and viscid humours it conduces miraculously helps the affections of the Ventricle Mesentery Liver Head and Junctures to each ounce of the compound put ℈ ij and g. i. ss and of the Powder of the rest g.xv. CHAP. 2. Hiera Picra with Agarick ℞ of the species of Hierae without Aloes Agarick trochiscated of each ℥ ss Aloes not washed ℥ j. Honey despumed a treble quantity or ℥ vj. make it into an Electuary according to Art The COMMENTARY This Hierae consists of two benign purgative Medicaments the one Aloes
matter And because Pills sine quibus are of efficacy enough for the affections of the eyes we have omitted the ancient description of the Imperials of the five kinds of Myrobalambs of the eight Ingredients and the Arabians Pills because the agregative are better and usefull for all such things as the aforesaid are prescribed for We have neglected the Indian Pills and them of the stone Armentum because them of the Azure-stone are affine to them and more efficacious We weigh not the Pills of Rhabarb because ignave but give them of Egrimony as more efficacious with whom they have affinity Pills of Hermodactyls exclude the arthretical Pills and the foetid Pills exclude those that are denominated from Sagapene Euphorbium and Sarcocolla Pills of Mechoacan make them void which consists of Esula and Mezereon Benedict Pills and Hiera may be made at any time seeing powders are or should be alwayes in readiness in shops whereof either Electuaries or Pills may be confected at pleasure Pills of Bdellium are quite neglected because they are scarce purgative in stead other better and more roborative Medicaments easier to be made may be confected for present use I pretermit many more as unworthy to be named or used for many men describe many Medicaments not so much that they consult others sanity as the augmenting of their Dispensatories grand bulk Cathartical Powders being ingrateful are usually coagmented into liquid or solid Electuaries or else Pills yet Empiricks give the powder of Stibium onely in a little Wine or other liquor as also the powder of Mercury wherewith a veneficous Circulator at Lutetia promised the cure of all diseases openly professing himself a Prophet but the wretch went about many Cities to see whom he might devour he is not worthy to be named At last he ran away All prepare not Quicksilver or Mercury alike for some include it with Aqua fortis in a Matracy and exhale the water by sublimation calling that which remains in the bottom Powder of Mercury It is of a yellowish red colour and rather caustical then cathartical Others prepare it otherwise but better thus They immerge Quicksilver in Aqua fortis whereinto they inject Brine then they let the Quicksilver reside and the water is ejected by inclination and the crassament that remains which is whitish is called Powder of Mercury But in what proportion it should be mixed how it may be perfectly dealbated and with what vertue it is indued I need not recenseate lest Empiricks and Pseudopharmacopoeans abuse it but if it be made as P. Pijardus a learned Parisian Medick taught its vertues are eximious and efficacious in curing some Diseases which will not yield to vulgar Medicaments An APPENDIX Of some Pills not Solutive EAch Medicament is by singular dexterity and ingenuity effinged into a form proper for the diseased Thus some Purgatives are liquid others solid and others in a mean some Medicaments onely purge others onely roborate and others alter and some perform all but Pills are for the most part purgative for all of them except a few subduce the Belly and are exhibited especially when supervacaneous succes are to be educed from remote parts for in such a form and consistence they abide longer in the ventricle and their vertue is more easily carried to the parts diseased and oppressed with excrementitious humours When therefore we would have a Medicament stay longer in the ventricle we give it in a solid form and such are not onely the prescribed purgative Pills but the Hypnotical and Arterial ones that follow CHAP. 22. Pilulae de Cynoglosso or Pills of Dogs-tongue â„ž of MyrrheÊ’ vj. OlibanumÊ’ v. the root of Hounds-tongue Henbane-seed Opium of eachÊ’ iij. Saffron Castoreum of eachÊ’ j. ss and with Syrupe of Stoechados make it up into a mass which let be conveniently reposed for use The COMMENTARY The Neotericks have retained the old description but not the name of these Pills for Mesue their Author calls them from their effect Pills for all diseases but these call them Pills of Cynogloss which is neither for quantity nor quality prepollent therein perhaps they mistake Cynogloss for Arnogloss which might more properly give them denomination for seeing Mesue described them for astriction Arnogloss being of an astrictive quality was more convenient but we with Fernelius admit of the new name and adde Castorium for the castigation of Opium But we think that Rhodostagm or Rose-water is altogether inconvenient for the receipt of the powders if we would have the mass of a legitimate consistence or fit to be kept and we substitute in its stead Syrupe of Stcechados by whose quality the head will be roborated and armed against the nocuments of Opium and by its lentour the powders will be coacted into a more idoneous mass as for its confection the root of Cynogloss must first be brayed with the seed of Henbane and then the other simples apart the brayed Opium must be first subacted by the Syrupe then the other powders must be mixed and coacted into a mass They conciliate sleep stay Catarrhs distillations of the head Vires the Cough and such succedent affections for they cohibit all distillations whether upon the Breast and Lungs or Teeth or elswhere CHAP. 23. Of Laudanum NOt many years ago there arose a company of Pseudo-Medicks who in stead of the usual Pills of Cynogloss exhibited a certain confection which they called Laudanum whereby they promised not onely to conciliate sleep but abigate all diseases I then saw a Circulator who boasted by his Laudanum to revoke men almost exanimated or half dead and man the Encomium of this Medicine so won upon men that no Empirick so stupid no Medicaster so dull nor Tonsor so plebeious but he was a Laudanister or else not worth flaming I wooed some with prayers some with price to tell me this Medicament but found amongst twenty of its descriptions not one like another yea he that was most ignorant would profess he had the best But I heard some Mountebanks exhibit Pills of Cynogloss for Laudanum extorting for each Pill the weight of half a scruple in gold And thus were the credulous Plebeians drawn with new names and unusual words circumvented by the subtilty of these rafrous Juglers The descriptions of Laudanum given by more perite Alchymists are seldome and hardly made for they consist of the best of Gems Hyacinths and Corals of the essence of Saffron and Opium of the Oyls of Cinamon Cloves Liquor of Margarites Powder of Unicorns-horn of the Bezar-stone Amber-grise and other precious stones and doubtless a confection of these materials must needs be eximious and I approve of the learned rich Alchymists acts who make keep and exhibit this to the diseased but alas the improbous do so impose upon us that we can scarce give the honest and good I saw a certain Laudanum exhibited by a learned Princely Medick which wrought happy effects This sequel one is eximious and easie to be made â„ž of
water be coagmentated into the form of a liquid Electuary and kept in shops like other confections Its faculties will be more eximious if Precious-stones Unicorns-horn and Bezar-stone be added to it The Powder is easie to be made and the ingredients may be had It is miraculously efficacious in expugning venenate contagious Vires and pestilent diseases and in recreating and defending the principal parts CHAP. 15. Pulvis Antilyssos seu contra Rabiem or A Powder against the biting of a mad Dog D. J. Pal. â„ž of the leaves of Rue Vervine Sage Plantain Polypody common Wormwood Mint Mugwort Balm Betony S. Johns-wort the lesser Centaury of each m.j. let them be dryed and at last reducated into a fine Powder The COMMENTARY This alexiterial Powder I desumed from the famous Jul. Palmarius who wrote seven Books of contagious Diseases the eximious faculties and admirable effects of this Medicament not onely he but Dominus de Pyrou hath frequently and successfully experienced upon many from whom he confesses he had its first description for as many as were bitten with mad Dogs and used this were presently freed from imminent and incipient Hydrophoby if no part of the head above the teeth or cold member were abluted for then there were small hopes of remedy We call this Powder ANtilyssum because in arceating madness it is inferiour to none it cures wounds inflicted by mad Dogs and impedes that terrible symptome whereby those wretches are fearful of water The preparation of this famous Antidote is easie wherein these three things are chiefly observable First that the Simples be then collected when they are most vertuous to wit in the beginning or end of the Spring That they be not dryed either by the scorching Sun or in a moist place That when they are dry they be kept with this reserve that they be renovated annually There is no need that any great quantity of this eximious Powder be kept in Pharmacopolies for it is enough if half a pound thereof be reconded in a fit vessel for present use But its materials or simples should be kept in abundance artificially dryed inclosed in chartaceous bags and securely reposed that Flyes may not consparcate them nor Mice erode them and when exigence calls for them an equal weight of each should be pulverated and a whole or half dragm thereof given in the morning before meat in a spoon with twice as much Sugar or else in pottage or other convenient liquor as Wine Sider or else in Honey like an Opiate And although one or two dragms be a dosis sufficient for a very robust man yet three or four may sometimes be exhibited by such especially who have been bitten long before or are already begun to fear water This Powder is indeed very eximious but it would be more efficacious if the Powder of Pimpinel and burnt River-Crabfishes were mixed with it Its name Alyssum shews that it is justly preferred before all other of that sort for Galen and Dioscorides call it so because it cures madness and extinguishes its poyson But this plant is rare and known onely to few it is in aspect like Horehound but each genicle emits onely two crisped hoary and almost inodorate leaves spinous cups do verticularly circumvest its Caulicles I have often seen it in the Colledge-Garden in Paris There is another kinde in Germany called Echioides like Tizil in form but it is inferiour to that of Galens yet he that wants the one may substitute the other CHAP. 16. Crocus Martis or Mars his Saffron THis Medicament is so denominated partly from its matter as it is the filings of Steel or Iron dedicated to Mars and partly from its colour which resembles Saffron Its preparation is multifarious for every one prepares it after his own Model in which every one dissents from another whence some have neglected or disapproved of its preparation as useless and Rivierius exhibits the bare limature of Iron for true Saffron of Mars without ustion or ablution professing it to be safer and more efficacious in curing the foetid colours of Virgins but he that will follow the method of so rash a Periclitator shall be more formidable then the very diseases I finde two preparations of this Saffron more usual then the rest the first is vulgar and well known to Pharmacopolists who burn the filings of Steel twice or more in a crucible and wash it as oft partly in Vinegar partly in Rose-water or other fit liquor then dry it and make a subruse ponderous Powder which they call prepared Steel The second is used by the Chymists who make this ponderous Powder volarile whose preparation they thus effect sometimes they assume the limature of Steel sometimes of Iron or of both for the qualities are similar they burn it a day or two in their fire then they inject it into water and assume and keep what swims above and abjecting the water take what is in the bottom and inject it again into the reverberatory fire where they burn it as before and again dimit it into water what swims above they again take and keep what sinks to the bottom they again burn till it subside not but remain upon the superficies of the water which they collect dry and keep for special Chymical Martical Saffron Some make it thus They put the limature of Iron on a dish in a very hot fire and permit it to be red hot when it is cold they bray it laboriously in an Iron-Morter then wash it that the more sublime part may be separated with the water the crasser is again burned and brayed as before which they iterate seven or more times till all the limature become croceous Some wash the limature of Iron in Brine before they calcinate it and afterwards in Vinegar some macerate it in Urine others put Salt to it and others Tartar some burn it with Sulphur others turn it into Rubigo but as these preparations are too curious so are they needless and it is better to hold to one good way then hover doubtful amongst so many But the dust of Iron must be filed very small for this purpose that it may be better calcinated by the fire then it must be brayed afterwards demerged and much agitated in water and the supernatant part collected dryed with moderate heat and kept without further calcination the crasser part must be again immitted into the fire till the whole become volatile and then it is true Martial Saffron Alchymists make it also of other Metals for they have Saffron of Tinne Saffron of Venus but by how much they seem more perite Artificers by so much they are more imperite Medicks They say that Mars his Saffron roborates the liver and spleen Vires takes away the obstructions of the bowels and therefore cures the foetid colour of Virgins Of this and other Cordial Powders prudent Medicks make a Confection in form of a soft Electuary or Tabels called Diastomoma most efficacious in removing obstructions
or extrinsecally adhibited it conduces to cold effects There may be a certain Liquor extracted from Pearls brayed macerated in Lemmon-juyce or distilled vinegar solved pulverated madefied with Rain-water and artificially distilled But the work and cost exceeding its worth we judge it not necessary for Shops CHAP. 16. Olea Metallorum or Oyls of Metals ALchymists do not onely out of Plants and Minerals but of Metals also exhibit certain Oyls by much art labour and mixtion yet they are not so eximious as they would make them for no Metals almost except Gold and Silver are afine to our nature and the Oyls of these do little good But g rant we that the tincture or else some Liquor educed or acquired from Salnitre distilled Vinegar Spirit of Wine Aqua-fortis or any or all of these as also from the succe of Lemmons should bring any help to other Medicaments yet in themselves they are not eximious But whatever they be they may not be introsumed without damage neither are their effects more then ancipitous when extrinsecally adhibited which Hieronymus Rubeus seems to confess who was a most perite Alchymist They may saith he being extrinsecally applyed by a perite Medick profit but I dare not prove their vertue by introsumption because they are drawn from acute waters and the force of the fire hath invested them with a quality very pernicious to the bowels upon which account I much suspect many Remedies that Paracelsus extols and many write That all those that introsumed his Metalline Remedies though they found some help at first thereby dyed within a years space A prudent Apothecary then should not spend his time nor waste his substance in reducing Metals to Powder macerating them in vinegar solving them elaborating them with the Salt of Tartar Nitre or other artificial mixture seeing those Medicaments they usually keep in their shops are sufficient for Pharmacy Here I will not disprove the use of certain Oyls educed by distillation for the abigations of such diseases as yield not to ordinary Medicaments For seeing an ill knot must have a hard wedge if the accustomed remedy will not end the fault we may without a Piacle betake out selves to more artificial extractions we have therefore here given the description of certain useful and moderate Oyls which the prudent Medick may sometimes use And as we have neglected many more educed by distillation so we have also omitted many elicited by expression and impression as superfluous and seldom used as the Oyl of Costus the Indian Nut of Frogs Pepper and the like which were rather invented for ostentation then necessity An Appendix to the Oyls Of Balsams BAlsam in a general signification denotes the Wood Succe and Fruit of a certain peregrine Tree in it s more special signification onely the Succe thereof which the Greeks call Opobalsamum The Alchymists do wrongfully wrest the name of Balsams to their Tinctures Oyls Liquors Quintessences and Extractions Medicks also too licentiously though not improperly name some crass and red Liquors confected with much art and mixture and indued with eximious faculties Balsams but they should be rather called Antibalsams or Balsameols which name they mutuate for Turpentine which is as it were the Basis from which all Aromatical and Rosinous Mixtures which are analogous to Balsams have their odours colours and faculties They are most commonly made by inclinative Distillation in a Retort wherein the aqueous liquor is at first extolled and then it delabes laterally through the neck of the Retort into the Receptacle the oleous comes next the third is crass like Honey Some Balsams are made without distillation they including some Medicaments a month or two in a fit Ampulla in horse-dung which they call the Belly or other place till they be macerated diluted and purified Thus the water that is collectedof Elm-leaves when the worms within are abjected Turpentine Oyl of S. Johns-wort and a little Gumme-Elemni included in an Ampulla concorporated and insolated or otherwise somented become a Balsam most efficacious and accommodate for many uses for it cures Ulcers though Dysepulotical and Malign and all Wounds quickly Balsamum primum D. Mes or The first Balsam of D. Mes falsly attributed to Guidon â„ž choyce Myrrhe Hepatick Aloes Spikenard Dragons blood Frankincense Mumy Opoponax Bdellium Carpobalsamum Ammoniacum Sarcocolla Saffron Mastick Gumme-Arabick liquid Storax of eachÊ’ ij Ladanum Castoreum of eachÊ’ ij ss MoschÊ’ ss Turpentine the weight of them all Let the dry ingredients be brayed macerated in wine and percolated then let all be mixed together with Turpentine the whole mixture put in an Alembick out of which the fire will at first force a tenuious liquor and then a crass and flave one which is the best Balsam The description of this Balsam is desumed from its Author Mesue who recenseates its faculties to admiration It is good saith he for all things and if a dead body be anointed therewith it putrefies not it strengthens the Soul and Nature It roborates the Nerves removes cold distempers excites and foments native heat conciliates strength to the Members If the back-bone be anointed therewith it miraculously cures the Palsey and Stupour in such affections as hinder speech a little of it immitted into the ears and nose or holden under the tongue of the speechless will quickly help him Petrus Apponensis calls this Balsam The Medicament of Medicaments for the speedy roboration of the heart and restitution of strength Balsamum 2. D. Hollerii or The second Balsam D. Holler â„ž Olibanum Mastick of each â„¥ ij Aloes-wood â„¥ j. Cloves Galangal Cinamon Setwel Nutmeg Cubebs of eachÊ’ vj. Myrrhe Aloes Ladanum Sarcocolla Castoreum of each â„¥ ss Bayberries Pine-nuts of eachÊ’ vj. Orris round Birthwort Dittany the greater Comfrey of each â„¥ j. Gumme-Elemni Opoponax Benzoin of each â„¥ ij Juyce of Ground-pine and Cowslips of each â„¥ ij Turpentine the weight of them all Concorporate and distil all in an Alembick water will first extil then that which is more oleous and last the crassest The Author saith This Balsam roborates the Nerves cures Stupour and Palsey it helps all frigid distempers and excites native heat Balsamum 3. vulnerarium or The third Balsam which is vulnerary â„ž of Venetian and Cyprian Turpentine of each â„¥ iij. Gum-Elemni Olibanum of each â„¥ ij Aloes Myrrhe Mastick Benzoin Bole-armeniack Dragons-blood of each â„¥ ss Aqua-vitae â„¥ iiij These confusedly mixed and included in a Retort extil a Balsam which yields to none in agglutinating wounds and filling them with flesh it also roborates the Nerves foments the innate heat of the part makes the scar not nodous and emends distempers Balsamum 4. D. Fallopii or The fourth Balsam of D. Fallop which is also vulnerary â„ž of clear Turpentine lb ij Linseed Oyl lb j. Rosine of the Pine-tree â„¥ vj. Frankincense Myrrhe Aloes Mastick Sarcocolla of each â„¥ ij Mace Saffron Lignum Aloes of each â„¥ ij Put all into a Retort let your fire be at first moderate and it
that Book finde no such thing But whoever was its Author it is a Medicament very expetible by Chirurgeons The preparation of this and of the precedent is one and both being made without fire may be called Crude Unguents It is refrigerative astrictive and roborative very convenient for the beginnings of fluxions and therefore hinders the eruption of Pimples Inflammations and the like CHAP. 6. Unguentum Stypticum or The Styptical Unguent D.Fern. ℞ of Oyl of Roses often washed in alome-Alome-water lb j. ss white Wax ℥ iiij unripe Galls Cypress Nuts Balanstians Pomegranate-Pill Acorn-Cups Acacia Sumach Mastick of each ℥ j. and with the Juyce of Medlars and Sorb-apples make it up into an Unguent The COMMENTARY This Unguent being most validly astrictive may according to Plantius be usurped for the Unguent of Comitissa or any other astrictive That it may be rightly made all its ingredients must be pulverated small and macerated about four dayes in the succes of Sorb-apples and Medlars or each of them then dryed on a slow fire and mixed with wax melted in Oyl It is the principal of astrictives it roborates imbecile parts it stayes fluent humours and angustates and constringes laxer parts for it intercepts all fluxions Vires cohibits the prolapse of the Matrix Uterus Fundament and Intestines and by adhibition stayes the bloody flux retracts the pendent Mammillaries makes them lesser and erugates the belly after birth CHAP. 7. Desiccativum rubrum or The red Desiccative ℞ Oyl of unripe Olives lb j. white Wax ℥ v. Terra-Lemnia or Bolearmeniak Lapis Calimiaris of each ℥ iiij Lithargie of Gold Ceruse of each ℥ iij. Camphyrʒ j. make it into an Unguent according to Art The COMMENTARY This Topical Medicament which is most usual and successful is from its effect called Desiccative from its colour Red. And though its Author be uncertain yet all describe it and make it after this form Ceruse Camphyr and Lithargie must be brayed and levigated apart the wax by moderate heat melted in Oyl yet so that the Camphyr may be last injected all this confusedly mixed together must be diligently agitated with a ligneous Spatula that they may acquire a legitimate spissitude It may also be made as Sylvius would have it The Lithargie may be first nutrited by fire then mixed with the other powders but thus coadunated it is more Desiccative and less Refrigerative some make it with Lemnian-Earth but Bole makes it as efficacious It refrigerates roborates stayes fluxions defends parts affected digests absumes and siccates excrementitious humidity and heals Ulcers and Wounds CHAP. 8. Unguentum Diapompholygos or The Unguent of Pompholyx D. N. Alex. ℞ of Oyl of Roses ℥ x. the Juyce of Nightshade granes ℥ iiij boyl them gently till the Juyce be consumed adde white Wax ℥ v. * * * Psimmythii washed Ceruse ℥ iij. Powder of Lead Pompholyx of each ℥ ij Frankincense ℥ j. Reduce them into the form of an Unguent The COMMENTARY This Unguent is desumed from Alexandrinus but the dosis of its simples changed and its self redacted to a better form according to Sylvius his castigation Its Basis is Pompholix What this Pompholix is and how it differs from Tutia hath been declared Alexandrinus prescribes the powder of burnt Lead to be assumed and washed but I had rather use the powder of crude Lead as better However he that will have burnt Lead he may use it thus by Dioscorides his advice Put thin plates of Lead into a new earthen pot and sprinkle Sulphur upon them then put in more and still sprinkle Sulphur on them till the pot be full then accend the Sulphur and stir the flagrant Lead with a ferreous rudicle till it be perfectly redacted to powder and cleave to the rudicle then stopping your nostrils lest the halite offend you take out the Lead the file-dust of Lead may be easily burnt with Sulphur as also without it if thin plates thereof be imposed on a luculent fire and moved with a ferreous rudicle till all be solved into ashes Some burn it without Sulphur thus They repose it in a new earthen pot and circumcepting it with burning coals melt it alwayes stirring it with a ferreous rudicle and augmenting the intense heat of the fire till it eructate much spume and at last wholly become spume which is like ashes and may be easily pulverated by a second adhibition to the fire when it is burnt and pulverated it must be washed like Cadmia but it might be easily redacted to powder while crude if its thin plates were minutely incided immerged three dayes in sharp Vinegar daily changed and then exempted dryed and brayed without ustion Now for the confection of the Unguent first coct the succe of Nightshade in the Oyl of Roses till the succe be dissipated then melt the wax in the same Oyl then adde the small powders and agitate the mixture with a ligneous rudicle till it be cold and in form of an Unguent It is the best curer of wounds for it mitigates their heat Vires dryes their humidity tames their malignity allayes their dolour impletes their cavities and draws them to scars it is most convenient for the Ulcers of the Legs CHAP. 9. Unguentum ad Pruritum or An Unguent for the Itch. ℞ Hogs-suet often washed in the Juyce of Scabious sowre Dock-roots boyled to Pultess and pulped Brimstone washed in Juyce of Lemmons of each ℥ j. ss Unguenti Populeon nourished in the Juyce of Enula-campane ℥ ss mix them well together in a Morter The COMMENTARY Whilst I was writing these things there came a Rustick to sinplore my help for a Kinsman of his who being continually pestred with a pastulous Itch and had been forced to buy a Remedy of a Barber-Surgeon the Barber sold him a familiar Unguent made of Mercury Sulphur and Swines-grease wherewith he anointed his body once or twice but the Unguent did so violently move the Colluvies of his whole body towards his neck and throat that by violent suptation the man was almost suffocated I will recenseate no more such stories for hence it sufficiently appears what errour the imperite are hurried into while they unhappily prescribe a Liniment confected of Quicksilver and Fat or Butter and Sulphur But lest they again run into the like folly or for want of others prescribe such dangerous ones we give this Unguent which is easie to make and most efficacious in curing the Itch for it mitigates bilious humours and sharp and salt phlegm it moderates all calid humours and cures the itchy Scab CHAP. 10. Unguentum Ophthalmicum or The Ophthalmical Unguent ℞ Bole-armeniack washed in Rose-water ℥ j. Lapis Caliminaris washed in Eyebright-water Tutty prepared of eachʒ ij Pearl finely beatenʒ ss Camphyr ℈ ss Opium gr v. fresh Butter often washed in Plantain-water ℥ v. make it into an Unguent The COMMENTARY It can scarce be credited to how many and great diseases and symptomes the eye is obnoxious for the oppugning whereof
it should be made very refrigerative to put the succes of Lettice Nightshade Sempervive and such refrigerants to it But this needs not be done but when the time of use calls for it these may be added for it is better to have it made in the shops after the most simple form It cures Inflammations S. Anthonies fires Pimples Carbuncles Vires red Swellings and all hot distempers It also much helps the Feverish if it be put upon their Hypochondria CHAP. 2. Ceratum Santalinum or The Cerate of Sanders D. Mes â„ž of Rose-leavesÊ’ xij red SandersÊ’ x. white and yellow of each â„¥ vj. Bole-armeniackÊ’ vij white Wax washedÊ’ xxx IvoryÊ’ vij CamphyrÊ’ ij Oyl of Roses lb j. make into a Cerate The COMMENTARY The Pharmacopolist that wants Sugar is not so derisible as he that wants this Ceratum whose continual and happy use sufficiently nobilitate it It is from Wax called Ceratum from Santals Santalinum You may make it thus First pulverate all the Santals together the Roses Bole-armeniack Ivory and Camphyr apart then mix the Wax with the Oyl that they may be liquefied on a slow fire when they are confusedly melted and a little cold wash them thrice or more in Rose-water whereunto adject the said powders yet in such method that the Camphyr be last put in then agitate subact and unite all into the consistence of a Ceratum We have put crude not burnt Ivory for Spodium and why we have so done hath been frequently shewed It allayes the inflammations exustions and hot distempers of the Ventricle Liver and other parts with much efficacy CHAP. 3. Ceratum Stomachicum or A Cerate for the Stomach taken out of Mes â„ž Roses Mastick of eachÊ’ x. dryed WormwoodÊ’ vij ss SpikenardÊ’ v. Wax â„¥ ij Oyl of Roses â„¥ ix make it according to Art into a Cerate The COMMENTARY This Ceratum of Mesue's being more efficacious then those two which Galen describes it is more usual and frequent in shops For its preparation melt the Wax and Oyl when cold wash them oft in Rose-water melt them again and wash them in equal portions of the succe of Quinces and of black austere wine with a little Vinegar which may be well omitted In the mean-while pulverate the Roses and VVormwood together Mastick and Spikenard apart then confusedly mix all the powders with the wax and Oyl duly washed and subact them into a legitimate spissitude Galen to whom Mesue attributes its description gives it otherwise therefore the invention of the description or at least of the better description is due to Mesue It it called Stomachical because it conduces to that part for it foments the heat of the stomack and of the whole Ventricle helps concoction dissipates flatulency cocts crude humours moves appetite and stayes vomiting but it should and must be extended all over the region of the stomack and sometimes the whole Ventricle for it roborates that also and makes it more prompt and apt to perform its office CHAP. 4. Ceratum Oesypatum Gal. tributum D. Mes â„ž Oesypi â„¥ x. Oyl of Camomile Orris of each lb ss Wax â„¥ iiij Mastick Turpentine of each â„¥ j. Rosine â„¥ ss SpikenardÊ’ ij ss SaffronÊ’ j. ss Ammoniacum â„¥ j. Storax â„¥ ss make it into a Cerate according to Art The COMMENTARY Mesue describes three Cerata's whereof we select this one attributed to Galen as most efficacious and usual which yet Rondeletius by the addition of Ammoniack and Storax hath made more effectual for thus confected it performs those effects which the descriptions of Pilagrius and Paulus pollicitate Wherefore he that hath this may be without the others It is called Oesypatum from its Basis Oesypum which you may thus extract Take a fit quantity of wooll evelled from the necks bellies and privities of sheep macerate it eight hours in hot water agitate it all the while with a stick then servefie it on the fire till it depose its fatness into the water extract and violently express the wooll and then transfuse the water from one vessel to another with much force that it may eructate much spume which collect and repose in a vessel apart iterate the transfusion in the hot Sun till all the fat spume be collected which wash and agitate in pure water till its filth be segregated and the last water remain limpid and the fatness leave no acrimony on the tongue then put it in a dense earthen pot and keep it in a cold place It is emollitive resolvative calefactive and anodynous The Ceratum you may thus confect first pulverate the Saffron Mastick Spikenard and Storax apart then mix their powders together macerate Ammoniack in Vinegar melt it and coct it to the consistence of Honey then liquefie the wax in Oyl take them from the fire and put therein Oesypum dissolved Ammoniack and Turpentine together then agitate and subact all the powders together that they may acquire due spissitude It mollifies resolves digests and allayes dolours and thence conduces to the hard tumours of the Liver Spleen Uterus Nerves Articles and other parts Authors describe other external Medicaments under the name of Cerata which being of a harder consistence we shall prosecute in our next Book of Salves Mesue describes some softer then these which are seldome or never made Finis Libri Quinti The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY Of EXTERNAL MEDICAMENTS THE SIXTH BOOK Of Emplaisters THE PREFACE BOth the Matter and Vertue of Unguents and Salves are one their consistence different which in the one is soft and liquid in the other crass and solid which are therefore made into Rolls and Bacils of a fingers length and crassitude and sometimes much more and not reposed in vessels like Unguents but involved in papers and so kept in Pharmacopolies That they may acquire that crassitude they admit of more Wax and less Oyl then Unguents as twice thrice and sometimes four times as much Wax as Oyl which quantity of Wax must be augmented or lessened according to the quantity of Rosines and concrete succes as also the quantity of Oyl as the dosis of Fat 's Grease and Marrow may ingrede the confection Now Salves are confected of the parts of Plants and Animals of Minerals and Metals some whereof give onely the body and consistence without any great vertue as Wax common Oyl Quicksilver and some Rosines others with matter give also vertue and efficacy as Minerals Plants and the other Ingredients All Salves do not admit of Wax and Rosines but receive Ladanum Frankincense and other things for their matter Some also are made without Wax and fire whose materials are Honey viscid Succes Cream and the like concreted to a due spissitude as the Salve of Bread-Crusts and Bayberries and the like This order must be observed in confecting Salves first the Wax must be melted in Oyl then the liquors succes and Mucagines mixed therewith and cocted on a slow fire till the aqueous humidity be exhaled then must the Fat 's
legitimate consistence to this Emplaister which Mesue describes as most efficacious in curing the Dropsie if the quantity of Cypress be triplicitated and as much Goats or Cows-dung as the weight of the whole amounts to added But it is better to confect it more simple or else onely to triplicitate the Cypress or when use calls for it to adde the dungs of both or one For its confection pulverate all apart but Honey and adde Cypress and Costus to the Honey while hot despumed but not cocted when it is cold put Frankincense Myrrhe and Mastick to it and make Rolls of it but because they will soon dry some repose them close in earthen pots and so they keep longer without damage It allayes the dolours of the Ventricle Intestines Liver Reins Vires Uterus and Bladder sprung from flatulency or a cold cause it conduces to the dry Hydroptical person by discussing the more tenuious and flatulent matter CHAP. 9. Emplastrum Tonsoris or The Barbers Plaister D. Aetii â„ž of dry Pitch lb ij Wax lb j. Rosine of the Pine-tree lb ss the flower of Foenugreek the flower of the root of the black Chamaeleon-Thistle of each â„¥ iiij Cumin-seed powdered â„¥ ij make it into a Plaister The COMMENTARY Medicks do daily prescribe Medicaments for present use better then the vulgar Dispensatories suppeditate which Pharmacopolists have described and kept after they have noted their effects and thus women keep some Receipts in their Closets from which they once found ease And thus a Bythinian Barber had a Salve from some of his coaetaneous Medicks which being often successfully used is since always called The Barbers Salve Thus also a Weaver of Paris got a black Unguent like the vulgar Basilicon which he exhibited to all Sores and when he was dead his Son made and gave the like Insomuch that one could scarce live half a week in Paris but he would see and try the Weavers Unguent And although Medicks often disapprove of such as the ignorant approve of yet Aetius much commends this Barbers Salve for the cure of the Spleen Dropsie and Sciatica for saith he it hath freed many from the dolour of the Hips for it attracts digests and resolves watry humours which it effects more facilely if it be confected with Oyl of Orris or some Fat nay it can scarce be made without Fat 's therefore I think half a pound of Oyl should be adjected If Chamaeleons-root cannot be had an equal weight of the root of vulgar Bryony commonly called White-vine may be added in its stead especially when it is required for the cure of the Spleen and Dropsie But the root of the other Bryony which they call The blessed Virgins Seal is a more convenient substitute for the cure of the Sciatica or any arthritical dolour Which wilde Bryony is a kinde of soft Ivy so delighting in arundincous and watry places that it alwayes seeks water-banks insomuch that where-ever Botanicks finde this Plant they conclude there is water underneath Arnoldus Villonavanus calls it The Celestial Sigil and saith that it cures the Gowry dolours in these words The heavenly Sigil will cure Podagry for ever CHAP. 10. Emplastrum Palmeum seu Diachalciteos â„ž of old Oyl If water be not added you may stirre till Doomsday before it will be white Lithargie of Gold of each lb iij. Hogs-suet lb ij white Vitriol â„¥ iiij boyl it upon a gentle fire continually stirring it with a Spatula till it comes to a white Plaister The COMMENTARY Myropolists and Chirurgeons do rather from Custom then Reason retain this Name of Diapalma which was given to this Salve because it is in cocting agitated moved and subacted with a rudicle of Palm-wood some mutuating its name from its Basis call it more rightly The Emplaister of Diachalcitis but such as put a difference betwixt Vitriol and Chalcitis say that this is made of Chalcitis Diapalma of Vitriol and in all things the they are alike However many make them not alike for in the confection of this of Diachalcitis they put onely three ounces of burnt Chalcitis injecting into its coction by Galen's advice some branches of the Palm minutely incided but they make the palmeous Emplaister after the form prescribed agitating it alwayes with a palmeous spatle and first of all they coct the Lithargie minutely pulverated on a slow fire with Oyl and Fat alwayes agitating it with a rudicle of the Palm or some other astrictive Tree as the Oak or Medlar newly cut from the Tree And that the Salve may communicate more of its Medicamental faculty they prescind its extremities and abrade it to the very radical moisture When the mixture is cocted and incrassated they substract it from the fire and put Roman or white Vitriol in it and in defect of the true Chalcitis inject the pulverated one and subact it and so they have a mass of a just consistence whereof they make Rolls Many would have the Vitriol cocted with the other Ingredients that it might depose part of its acrimony in which there is reason It cures green wounds pestilent tumours and exitures as also Ulcers Bruises and divelled parts CHAP. 11. Emplastrum gratia Dei or A Plaister by the grace of God â„ž of Rosine lb j. Turpentine lb ss white Wax â„¥ iiij Mastick â„¥ j. Vervain Betony Pimpinel of each m. j. after they are bruised let them be boyled in white-wine and in the decoction let the other Simples be boyled till the liquor be consumed and so make it into a Plaister The COMMENTARY This Salve is one of them which is indued with a specious name for ostentations sake as that Isotheos Antidotus in Aetius that Emplastrum Isis in Paulus and that other which Aetius mentions that is called Man consisting onely of Sandyx and Oyl for by such a name not onely Rusticks but those of the Citizens that think themselves wiser are incited to buy such a Medicament We will therefore with the troop of Aromatories call this Medicament Emplastrum de gratia Dei and confect it thus VVe take green herbs newly gathered cut them small bray them well in a stone-Morter macerate them a whole day in a sufficient quantity of generous wine then coct them till half the wine be absumed then we express the herbs and abject them breaking or cutting the wax into the percolated liquor there to be melted and cocted continually agitating it till the liquor be absumed then we bray commix and melt therein the Rosines and taking it off the fire unite the Turpentine therewith when it is almost cold we adject the Mastick and so we acquire a Salve of a legitimate consistence It purges and closes wounds and Ulcers Vires roborates the parts to which it is adhibited all which it would do more efficaciously if it were made with red wine CHAP. 12. Emplastrum Divinum or The Divine Plaister â„ž of the Loadstone â„¥ iiij Ammoniacum â„¥ iij. andÊ’ ij Bdellium â„¥ ij Galbanum Myrrhe of
expose to the air that it may dry and repose for use This Cloth is partly Sarcotical partly Collective and Epulotical that is it generates flesh agglutinates siccates and heals wounds and Ulcers it stayes fluxions and roborates the parts whereunto it is adhibited He that would have more descriptions of Sparadrappes may reade the last Chapter of the second Section of our fifth Book of Institutions There may as many Sparadrappes be made by Art as Emplaisters We have omitted some few Salves as such as we could either not approve of or disallow of or else such as were more then supplyed in those we have described For the use of the Salves of Barbary and Diaphoenician is quite decayed the Apostolical Salve is seldome made and he that hath the Divinum may well be without it as he that hath Oxycroecum without Ceroneum We have given the best and most useful not onely of Salves but also of other Medicaments for internal assumption and external adhibition All which if an Apothecary will make and keep in his Shop he shall not want any thing for the expugnation of Diseases Finis Libri Sexti AN APPENDIX Of some Medicinal Waters made by Art BEsides simple distilled Waters some others are kept in Pharmacopolies more compositious whose use is commendable in many things and that not onely in external adhibitions but internal assumptions also to correct distempers roborate the parts and erect the faculties Of which sort these are the most usual and eximious which lest any thing necessary should be wanting we have here subjoyned beginning with such as are introsumed Aqua Theriacalis or A Theriacal Water ℞ of the roots of Enula-campane Tormentil Angelica Masterwort of each ℥ j. Cypress Orris of eachʒ vj. Setwel the Pills of Citron and Orange Cinamon Cloves the seeds of Carduus Ivy-berries and Juniper of each ℥ ss Dittany Scordium Balm Marigolds of each m. ss Macerate them a whole day upon hot embers in a vessel well covered with lb vj. of white-wine the next day adde of the decoction of Goats-beard Betony and Water-lillies lb ij afterwards boyl them a little upon a gentle fire In which dissolve Treacle ℥ iiij afterwards put them into an Alembick and distil it in a Bath There is no Theriacal and Alexiterial Water better Vires or more efficacious then this for it doth not onely recreate the faculties but oppugn and extinguish all pestilent and venenate qualities It cures the Syncope Palpitation Swounding Vertigo Lethargie Epilepsie Apoplexy and Palsey Aqua Theriacalis alia or Another Theriacal Water more easie to make ℞ of the roots of Enula-campane Angelica of each ℥ iiij Carduus-seed Cloves Juniper-berries of each ℥ j. Scordium Vipers Bugloss Goatheard Marjoram Balm Betony of each m.j. boyl them in water to lb iiij in which infuse for a whole day and half Mithridate and Treacle of each ℥ ij put them into an Alembick and distil of the water according to Art Its faculties are affine to but more imbecile then those of the former not onely Pharmacopolists but also any one may make it for it consists but of a few things and they easily compassable Aqua Cinamomi or Cinamon-Water ℞ of the best Cinamon bruised lb ss of the best Rose-water and generous white-wine of each lb j. mingle them letting them stand in a fit vessel for two dayes well covered afterwards distilled off according to Art and let the Water be preserved All do not consent about the proportion of Cinamon to Wine and Rose-water for some put twice as much wine and four times as much Rose-water as Cinamon others put water and wine in equal quantity wherein they macerate Cinamon and distil the whole which is the most usual and best way This water accelerates Birth expels Secunds moves fluors recreates the faculties and discusses flatulency Aqua vulgo Clareta dicitur or The Water commonly called A Claret ℞ of Mace Cloves Cinamon of each ℥ j. Galangal ℥ ss Cardamomes Squinant of eachʒ ij Gingerʒ ss infuse them in Aqua-vitae lb j. in a Bath for 24 hours the waters of Wormwood and Roses of each lb ss Sugar ℥ viij let them be trajected three or four times thorow Hippocrates his Sleeve and make thereof a Claret which keep in a fit Bottle It roborates the stomach helps coction discusses flatulency corrects the cold distemper of the nutritive parts restitutes the hearts strength and erects the faculties Claretc alia or Another Claret ℞ of the roots of both Pyonies Missletoe of each ℥ ij the wood of Bayes and Lentisk of each ℥ ss the flowers of Betony Sage and Rosemary of each p. ij macerate them a whole day in lb j. ss of white-wine and lb ss of Balm-water and afterwards distilled and in the distilledwater macerate Cinamon ℥ j. Sugar-Candy ℥ v. which strain and keep This doth most admirably help for the cure of the Epilepsie Lethargie Palsey Apoplexy and other cold affections of the Brain and Nerves Clareta alia or Yet another Claret ℞ of the Waters of Balm and Coltsfoot Put the sugar in a bladder and hang the bladder in water and it will dissolve it of each lb ss infuse therein a whole night Enula-campane ℈ ij Orrisʒ j. Cinamon ℈ iiij make an expression and filtrate it adding dissolved or liquid Sugar-Candy ℥ iij. which after a little insolation put up It hath an excellent faculty in curing difficulty of breathing coughs from a cold cause and 〈…〉 for it incides attenuates cocts and moves spittle The ardent Syrupe is made of Sugar diluted in Aqua-vitae accended for after its conflagration the liquor that is left is oleous and of the spissitude of a Syrupe Clareta vulgaris or The vulgar Claret ℞ of the best Aqua-vitae lb ss of red Rose-water ℥ iiij Sugar ℥ iij. Cinamon ℥ j. traject them three or four times through Hippocrates his Sleeve and make thereof a Claret This Claret is most grateful recreating the heart and principal parts fomenting innate calour and discussing flatulency Aqua contra Calculum or A Water against the Stone ℞ of the roots of Smallage Restharrow Sea-holly Radish cut in slices of each ℥ ij Bean-cods ℥ iij. all the Saxifrages Sea-Rattlegrass Pimpinel Bishopweed tops of Marshmallows of each m. ij Winter-cherries Red Cicers the seed of Grumwel of each ℥ ij Citrons cut orbicularly num iij. macerate them a whole day in a sufficient quantity of white-wine afterwards distil it and put to the distilled water a little Oyl of Vitriol to make it more acid to the gust This water is eximious in breaking and expelling the Stone moving Urine and Fluors accelerating Birth attenuating viscid humours and removing obstructions two spoonfuls or thereabouts according to the age and strength of the assument should be taken in the morning fasting or long after meat Aqua ad Gonorrheam or A Water for the flux of Sperm ℞ of Bears-breech Garden-dock cut small tops of Marshmallows of each m.ij. the flowers of Water-Lillies m.i j.
Linseed Hawthornseed of each â„¥ j. ss the four greater cool seeds of each â„¥ j. macerated a whole day in Asses or Heifers Milk afterwards distilled in a Bath It leniates takes away acrimony purges the Reins Ureters and Seminaries from filth and emends their distempers Of Topical Waters or such as are externally adhibited Aqua Ophthalmica or A Water for the Eyes â„ž of the Juyces of Salendine Fennel Rue Smallage and Clary of of each lb ss Honey â„¥ iij. Goats-Gall â„¥ j. the Galls of Cocks and Capons of each â„¥ ss AleesÊ’ vj. Cloves Nutmegs Sarcocolla of eachÊ’ ij put them into an Alembick and distil of the Water according to Art This cures many ocular affections as hebetude dulness and debility of fight Aqua Communitatis or The Water of Community â„ž Eyebright m.ij. Salendine Vervine Betony Groundpine Dill tops of Clary * * * Redflowered Pimpinel Bishopsweed Avens of each m.j. Rosemary m. ss Long-Pepper Ê’ ij Macerate them in white-wine for a whole day and then distil of the Water It is called the Water of Community because it is common and should not be wanting in any house It cures imbecility of sight deterges the eyes from filth takes away spots or Pearls cures Ulcers hinders suffusion of blood augments the clarity of the eye and roborates it Aqua ad Epiphoram oculorum ruborem or A Water for the dropping and redness of the Eyes â„ž White-wine Rose-water of each lb ss Tutty prepared â„¥ j. Powder of Mace â„¥ ss Let these be mingled in a Vial well stopped and insolated for three weeks It deleates the redness of the eyes exsiccates tears roborates the Tunicles and cures its Ulcers Aqua Calcis or Water of Lime THe Water wherein Chalk or Lime hath been often extinguished is thence called Aqua Calcis it is very eximious in curing many Cankerous and Dysepulotical Ulcers which seeing it may easily be made at any time needs no farther description Aqua Fortis AQua Fortis appertains rather to Goldsmiths then Apothecaries which they use in separating Silver from Gold and thence called The Separatory Water in French Eau de depart for it melts the Silver and moves not the Gold Now that same which they have once used and that hath admitted of a portion of water or is become ignave and of an azure colour is commonly called Aqua secunda which all Chirurgeons keep for the Praesidy of such as have got the Plague of Venery It is made of Vitriol and Saltpeter included and closely shut in a Morter or other fit vessel well bedawbed into which Spirits are forced by the fire Another sort is made of Auripigment Salnitre the flour of Brass and Rock-Alome which I leave to such as use it De Aquis Comptoriis seu Fucatoriis or Of Comptory or Ornatory Waters I Cannot think that pulchritude or deformity of Body conduce any thing to the probity or improbity of manners for many more deformed then Thersites have been famous and many more beautiful then Adonis infamous I have also known many deformed women impious to purpose But I purpose not to exhibit Paints to these nor Comptory Waters to toothless old Hags to erugate or emend their Faces herein following the prudence of Galen though a Pagan who disallows of not onely the Painting of Faces but the Tinctures of Hair professing that he never exhibited any thing of that nature to such as took more delight in Ornaments then Health Our Antidotary then shall want these nefarious Medicaments wherewith Harlots incite and deceive Youngsters for this Fucatory Art we see is exercised by none but some Juglers and vafrous Knaves who seeking secretly to pick a Whores Purse promise her Oyl of Talkum which they never saw wherewith she may not onely erugate her Face but restore her self to Youth again and then exhibit two Unguents the one Red and the other White both Spanish and participating of a malign quality For that which they call album Hispanum admits Sublimatum in its confecture which though it consists of equal parts of Quicksilver Vitriol and common Salt rather then of Amoniack which are not lethal apart in themselves but are duly mixed in a Glass sublimatory vessel whereunto fire is added gradually for the space of twelve hours They make a Powder so caustical and deletery as can scarce be cicurated by any art And hence it is that women who use these Sublimata's have black Teeth wormeaten corrugated Faces and praevious old Age. The Colour therefore which Nature's Pencil draws is best whose Works whilest we admire let us give Eternal Glory and Praise to the Creator FINIS A Table of the Matters and Words of principal note in this Work contained A. ACacia pag. 77 The kindes thereof Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. Achates what pag. 419 Acetabulum pag. 137 Acetum Mulsum pag. 325 Acopa pag. 123 Acorus pag. 273 How it differs from Calamus Aromaticus Ibid. Acutella pag. 302 Adrobolon pag. 388 Aeluropus pag. â—â—â— Aetites pag. â—â—â— It s vertues Ibid. Aethiopidis Herba its force and vertue pag. 7 Aeschylus would never per Verses till toxicated with Wine pag. 219 Agallochum what it is pag. 286 Why so rare Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. Ageratum pag. 357 Agat pag. 419 Agnus Castus its description pag. 340 Its vertues Ibid. Agarick pag. 258 Which is best Ibid. Where it grows pag. 259 Its vertues Ibid. Agrimony pag. 356 Its vertues Ibid. Agripalma pag. 372 Ajuga pag. 326 Aizoon pag. 351 Alabaster pag. 421 Alana pag. 398 Alcea pag. 230 Alembeck pag. 89 487 Its manifold acceptation pag. 113 487 A crooked one Ibid. A blinde one Ibid. Aliment what it is pag. 6 An inexplicable Faculty therein pag. 13 Medicinal Aliment Ibid. Alioticks pag. 28 Almonds pag. 387 Their vertues Ibid. Plutarch 's story of them Ibid. How they are to be blanched pag. 55 Alcanna pag. 452 Alcool pag. 107 Aloes its description pag. 256 Cabalina Ibid. Succotrina Ibid. Where most of it growes Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. It s faculty pag. 10 How to know the best pag. 256 How to wash and nourish it pag. 58 It shuts the veins pag. 256 Aloes-wood its description and how to know it pag. 286 Its vertues Ibid. Alome what it is pag. 401 The several sorts of it Ibid. Catinum pag. 401 402 Foecum pag. 401 402 Liquid pag. 401 402 Pulmbeous pag. 401 402 Round pag. 401 402 Rock pag. 401 402 Scissile pag. 401 402 Synamose pag. 401 402 The way to burn it pag. 68 Alphenicum pag. 615 Alterative Medicaments are of three sorts pag. 10 Their kindes Ibid. Altercum pag. 349 Amber what it is pag. 406 How to know the best Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. Amber-Grise what it is pag. 405 How it may be adulterated pag. 158 Its vertues pag. 405 Liquid Amber what it is pag. 673 Its vertues Ibid. How it may be adulterated pag. 158 Amethystus pag. 419 Amigdalates how made pag. 163 A description of such as are commonly used at Lutetia Ibid. Amomum what it
Foxes lungs pag. 449 Frankincense pag. 381 Froggs pag. 462 463 Frontals pag. 198 Their various forms pag. 199 Fruits how to keep them pag. 146 A Frontal mitigating pain and conciliating sleep pag. 119 Fumatory pag. 334 Furnace how to be built pag. 89 Their various use Ibid. G. GAlls pag. 392 Galanga pag. 272 Galbanum pag. 401 Galens father had bitter honey pag. 101 His opinion concerning the purgative faculty pag. 12 Gargarisms what they are pag. 161 A Gargarism to purge flegm from the brain Ibid. A cleansing Gargarism Ib. For Venereous ulcers in the throat Ibid. When they are to be used Ibid. Gems pag. 419 Genitals of a Hart. pag. 454 Gentian pag. 300 Germander pag. 326 Ginger its description where the best grows its vertues pag. 270 Girasola pag. 420 Gith pag. 328 Glysters their use pag. 183 Glyster-decoction how long it may be kept Ibid. Who was their first inventor Ibid. Those that have no fats purge stronger pag. 184 A carminative Glyster Ib. A Glyster for the Apoplexie pag. 184 For the Dysentery Ibid. Goats suet pag. 444 Goats hoof pag. 161 Goats blood its preparation pag. 442 Gourds their difference pag. 241 Gold is good and evil pag. 426 Its vertues pag. 427 Gold glue pag. 399 Goose-grease pag. 446 A superstitious opinion about it Ibid. Goose-grass pag. 361 Goose-berry-tree pag. 386 Gossipium pag. 362 Gradation pag. 92 Grain what it is pag. 135 Granate pag. 415 Grass its kindes pag. 303 Vertues pag. 304 Knotgrass pag. 349 Grief what it is pag. 113 Its effects Ibid. Gromel pag. 323 Grapes pag. 385 Ground-pine pag. 326 Guaiacum its differences and vertues pag. 288 How long it should be macerated pag. 59 Gum what it is pag. 394 How gums are to be infused pag. 56 Gum-Arabick pag. 395 Traganth pag. 396 Elemni pag. 383 Ivy. pag. 403 Gypsum what it is pag. 422 H. HAEmatites pag. 419 Hare burnt is good for the Stone pag. 67 A Hare that had Horns pag. 443 Sea-Hare Ibid. Hares Blood Ibid. Harts-pizle dried its vertues pag. 16 Harts-flesh burnt expels stones Ibid. Harts tears pag. 454 Harts heart-bone Ibid. Harts marrow pag. 443 Hartwort pag. 299 Its varieties vertues pag. 300 Hemina pag. 137 Haxagion pag. 135 Hartichoak pag. 333 How to preserve their stalks pag. 345 Hellebore its kindes pag. 265 Vertues Ibid. Hemionitis pag. 236 Henbane its kindes and vertues pag. 349 Hepaticks pag. 19 Hepatiorum pag. 356 Hepatica Ibid. Herbs where they are to be kept pag. 145 Capillary Herbs pag. 150 Whence they have their name Ibid. Emollitive Herbs pag. 151 How Herbs are to be dried pag. 145 Hermodactyls used in the Shops pag. 262 How they differ from Ephemerus and Colchicus Ibid. Hiera Picra whence it hath its name pag. 111 Why Galen called it so pag. 112 The variety of descriptions thereof pag. 113 Hiera Picra Galeni or Galens Hiera pag. 567 Hiera Picra cum Agarico or Hiera with Agarick pag. 568 Hiera Pachij Ibid. Hiera Diacolocynthidos pag. 569 Hieracia pag. 243 Hipocistus pag. 391 Hippocrates Wine pag. 56 Hypolapathum pag. 253 356 Hispidula pag. 363 Honey pag. 224 The first inventor of it pag. 100 How the best may be known pag. 225 When it is to be despumed by it self pag. 84 What bodies it will preserve pag. 99 Honey of Fruits pag. 225 Bitter Honey pag. 100 Anacardian Honey how it is made pag. 78 Honey of Rosemary pag. 531 Of Mercury pag. 532 Of Raisons pag. 102 Of Roses pag. 530 Of Violets pag. 531 Hogs grease pag. 445 Hoglice pag. 204 Honeysuckles pag. 338 Hops pag. 359 Hordeat what it is pag. 164 Horehound pag. 318 Hounds-tongue pag. 348 Housleek pag. 351 Humectation is a kin to Infusion pag. 57 For what Med. it is useful Ibid. Humor that is cold and gross will be but slowly purged pag. 141 Hyachinthus pag. 415 Hydragogous pag. 28 Hydragoge Eximium pag. 565 Hydrolapathum pag. 356 Hydromel what is to be understood by its name pag. 100 What proportion of Honey to water in Hydromel Ibid. Hydromel Melicratum and Mulsum are the same Ibid. Hydromel of the country mans Ibid. Hydromel vinosum simp or simple vinose pag. 528 Hydromel Ibid. Hypercatharticks pag. 28 Hypnoticks pag. 29 Hypocaust what it is pag. 188 What must be done before going into it Ibid. Hypoplomon pag. 344 Hyssop pag. 329 I. JAsper pag. 419 Imbution what it is pag. 53 Indian Leaf pag. 285 Induration what pag. 75 Infection pag. 59 Infusion how it is made pag. 56 Its use Ibid. Insess its materials and use pag. 186 187 An Insess to asswage the pain of the reins Ibid. To allay the Cholick pag. 187 Insipid pag. 39 Insolation what pag. 71 Intinct Green pag. 77 Intybolachanum pag. 243 Intybum Ibid. Joseph had Pharmacy in great esteem pag. 3 Irrigation what pag. 192 Irrigation provoking sleep Ibid. It may be reduced to Humectation pag. 57 Iron the kindes thereof pag. 430 It is not evil in it self pag. 431 Its rust Ibid. Isinglass how it is made pag. 452 Judaicus Lapis pag. 400 Juice what it is pag. 394 How it may be kept long without putrefaction pag. 78◠How to repose them pag. 146 Juice of Liquorish pag. 392 How it is made pag. 393 Juices mixt with Honey pag. 102 Jujubees pag. 381 Julep what it is pag. 166 Its dose pag. 167 How it differs from a Syrupe and Apozeme Ibid. A Julep conciliating sleep pag. 167 Julepus Ziziphorum pag. 166 Juniper Berries pag. 391 Ivory pag. 454 Gum of Ivy. pag. 403 K. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pag. 31 Kathareiticon Ibid. Keiri pag. 309 Kermes Berries what pag. 283 Their vertues Ibid. Their Juice pag. 284 Kings ancient care of the health of their Armies pag. 2 Kings in time past did prepare Med. Ibid. Knotgrass pag. 349 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pag. 31 L. LAcca what it is pag. 393 Lacryma of the Ethiopian Olive pag. 383 Laddanum what it is pag. 391 Ladies Rose pag. 247 Lake of Sodom pag. 403 Lapis Bezoardicus whence it hath its name where it is generated how to know it pag. 457 Lapis Caliminaris pag. 433 Lapis Heraclius pag. 417 Lapis Judaicus pag. 420 Lapis Lazuli pag. 417 The difference between it and Lapis Armenij Ibid. Lapis Nephriticus pag. 420 Lapis 〈◊〉 Ibid. Lapis Selenites Ibid. Laranna pag. 383 Larix pag. 258 Laserpitium pag. 399 400 Laudanum pag. 595 Lavender greater pag. 286 Lead its sorts and vertues pag. 428 How to wash it pag. 54 How to powder it pag. 62 How to burn it pag. 69 Leeks pag. 307 Leopards bane pag. 330 Lemond pag. 370 How to candy their peels pag. 543 Lentisk pag. 384 Lettice pag. 241 Why so called its differences and vertues Ibid. It may be both aliment and poyson pag. 5 How to preserve their stalks pag. 545 Libisticum pag. 299 Liccorish pag. 392 Its Juice pag. 393 Lice the principle of it is fire and water pag. 217 Ligula pag. 136 Lillies pag. 250 Lilly Convalli Ibid. Limation
285 Spignel pag. 336 Splenicks pag. 19 Spodium is but of one sort pag. 434 The Arabian is fictitious pag. 435 How it is made Ibid. The Grecian where and how made Ibid. Sponges their differences pag. 424 The efficient cause thereof pag. 84 Stones found in sponges pag. 424 Spurge olive its vertues pag. 267 Spurge flax its vertues pag. 268 Spanish spurge pag. 319 Squama eris what it is pag. 429 Squinant pag. 284 Squills pag. 305 How to be prepared pag. 71 Stact what it is pag. 386 Steel what it is pag. 431 Why so called Ibid. How to wash it and prepare it pag. 53 The Chymical preparation of it Ibid. Stibium flour not to be neglected or despised pag. 432 Stincus marinus what it is and what kinde of animal pag. 467 Stoechados pag. 320 Stomachicks pag. 19 Stones how to be burnt pag. 68 Stone-crop pag. 324 Storax what it is pag. 386 From whence the best comes Ibid. A story worth taking notice of pag. 13 A story of a Spaniard that hated fish Ibid. A story of a girl fed with poyson pag. 25 A story of a country-fellow that found out an herb that drew blood pag. 46 A story of Galen's worth a serious observation pag. 129 Stramonium pag. 346 Strawberry-bush pag. 360 Sublimation pag. 92 Sublimate what it is pag. 737 Sublingues how made pag. 173 What substitutes ought not to be allowed of pag. 133 Succidaneous Medicaments ought not to be thrust into a Composition without a Doctors advice pag. 107 Succory and other succaraceous plants pag. 243 244 Sufful pag. 107 Suffumigations their differences pag. 213 A suffumigation to preserve health pag. 214 For what affections they are convenient Ibid. To roborate and dry the brain Ibid. A suffumigation to stay the flux of humors from distilling to the lungs Ibid. To corroborate the heart Ibid. To provoke the tearms pag. 215 A suffumigation for the Pox. Ibid. Sugar-plant pag. 223 Sugar that is red Ibid. How it is made white pag. 224 How sugar-candy is made Ibid. Its vertues and qualities Ibid. Sugar of roses pag. 537 Sumach pag. 367 Suppositories their use and form pag. 181 Their basis Ibid. A suppository for the worms pag. 182 Syncomestum pag. 201 Syrup what it is pag. 98 Its matter pag. 98 99 The etymologie of the name Ibid. It s difference from a Julep and Apozeme Ibid. Syrupus Absynthii or the syrup of Wormwood pag. 519 Syr. Acetosae simp or the simple syrrup of sorrel pag. 511 Syr. of the juyce of sorrel pag. 510 Syr. de Agrest or the syrup of Grapes pag. 513 Syr. Alexandrin or the Alexandrian syrup pag. 167 Syr. Altheae or the syrup of Marsh-mallows pag. 506 Syr. Arthemisiae or syrup of Mugwort pag. 522 Syr. e succo Borag or syrup of the juyce of Borage pag. 510 Syr. e succo Buglossae or the syrup of the juyce of Bugloss Ibid. Syr. Dynarii c. or the Byzantian syrup simple compound pag. 512 Syr. Capillor vener com or the common syrup of Maidenhair pag. 504 Syr. capil vener Montpeliensis or the syrup of Montpelier Maiden-hair pag. 505 Syr. de Cichorec comp or the compound syrup of Succory pag. 507 De Cichoreo simp or the simple syrup of Succory pag. 508 Syr. Citoniorum simp or the simple syrup of Quinces pag. 515 Syr. Endiviae simp or the simple syrup of Endive pag. 508 Syr. exhilarans or the heart-chearing syrup pag. 524 Syr. flor Persicorum or the syrup of Peach-flowers pag. 500 Why it is not made of many infusions pag. 501 Syr. Fumariae simp or the simple syrup of Fumatory pag. 508 De Fumaria comp or the compound syrup of Fumatory pag. 509 Syr. Granatorum or the syrup of Pomegranates pag. 514 Syr. Glycirrhizae or the syrup of Licorish pag. 520 Syr. de Eluropo or the syrup of Catsfoot pag. 501 Syr. de Hyssopae or the syrup of Hyssop pag. 522 Syr. Jujubarum or the syrup of Jujubees pag. 521 Syr. Limonum or the syrup of Lemons pag. 501 Syr. de Lupulo or the syrup of Hops pag. 734 Syr. de Moris comp simp the compound and simple syrup of Mulberries pag. 512 513 Syr. de Mentha simp comp or the compound and simple syrup of Mint pag. 417 Syr. Myrthinus comp or the compound syrup of Myrtle-berries pag. 516 Syr. de Nymphaea or the syrup of Water-lilies pag. 504 What part of the flowers are to be taken for it Ibid. Syr. de Papaver simp or the simple syrup of Poppies pag. 502 Syr. Papaver errat or the syrup of red Poppies pag. 503 Why in this syrup many infusions are required pag. 504 Syr. de Pomis simp or the simple syrup of Apples pag. 515 Syr. de quinque Radicibus or the syrup of the five opening roots pag. 505 Syr. de duabus Radicib or of two roots Ibid. Syr. Regius or the Julep of Roses pag. 519 Syr. Ribes Berberries or the syrup of red Currans and Berberries pag. 513 Syr. Resumptivus pag. 523 Syr. Rosatus or the Julep of Roses pag. 167 Syr. Rosatus Rondel or the syrup of Roses of Rondeletius Ibid. Syr. Rosarum Palidarum or the syrup of Damask roses pag. 501 Syr. Rosarium siccarum or the syrup of dried Roses pag. 518 Syr. Regis Sabor or King Sabor 's syrup pag. 516 Syr. simplex or simple syrup pag. 166 Syr. de Stoechade or syrup of French Lavender pag. 520 Syr. de Fusilagine or the syrup of Coltsfoot pag. 499 Syr. Violatus or the syrup of Violets pag. 498 The difference between Violatus and Violaceus Ibid. T. TAblets how much Sugar they require to their consistencie pag. 173 Purging Tablets how much they require Ibid. Tablets to roborate pag. 174 Tables of Marble pag. 489 Taccamahacca pag. 383 How it may be adulterated pag. 158 Talkum what it is pag. 422 Tamarinds pag. 254 Tamaris pag. 369 Taraxacum pag. 243 Tartar what it is pag. 392 Its Oyl Ibid. How to be burnt pag. 68 Tastes their several differences pag. 36 Sharp taste what it is Ibid. Sowre bitter austere sweet c. pag. 37 38 Sweet tastes are grateful Ibid. Tears of a Hart. pag. 454 Tela Galterii pag. 127 Temperaments how many there be pag. 33 Teathrio pag. 312 Terra Lemnia pag. 396 How to know it to be good Ibid. Ter. Mellitaea pag. 397 398 Ter. Samia pag. 397 398 Ter. Chia pag. 397 398 Ter. Selinusia pag. 397 398 Ter. Cimolia pag. 397 398 Ter. Eretria pag. 397 398 Ter. Rubrica pag. 397 398 Ter. Ochra pag. 397 398 Ter. Alana pag. 397 398 Ter. Tripolis pag. 397 398 Theamides pag. 418 Therion signifies all poysonous animals pag. 464 Thymelaea pag. 268 Thyme its description and vertues pag. 310 Tincture of Roses pag. 72 Tincture what it is pag. 59 Tin how made pag. 427 Topaz stone pag. 416 Tormentil pag. 301 Tortoises what they are pag. 462 Transmarina pag. 230 Treacle-Mustard pag. 293 Treacle why so called pag. 464 treacle-Treacle-water of what it is compounded pag. 733 Triapharmacum
what it is pag. 58 Triasantalum pag. 602 Triture what it is pag. 60 What things require much triture Ibid. What moderate what little pag. 62 Troches what they are under a general notion pag. 116 Their matter Ibid. Such as are Roborative Purgative and Alterative pag. 117 Trochisci de Agarico or the troches of Agarick pag. 575 Troch albi Rhasis or Rhasis his white troches pag. 643 Troch Alexiterii or troches against infection pag. 641 Troch Alhandal or troches of Coloquintida pag. 575 Troch de Antispodio or troches of burnt Ivory pag. 637 Troch de Berberis or troches of Berberries pag. 638 Troch de Caphura or the troches of Camphor pag. 635 Troch de Caparibus or the troches of Capers pag. 639 Troch de Carabe or the troches of Amber pag. 637 Troch Cypheos or Aromatical troches pag. 633 Troch Galliae Moschatae or troches compounded of Aloes wood pag. 634 Troch Aliptae Moschatae or the odoriferous troches of Musk. Ibid. Troch Diarrhodon or the Aromatical troches of Roses pag. 636 Troch Gordonii or Dr. Gordonius his troches pag. 639 Troch ad Gonorrhaeam or troches for the flux of Sperm pag. 642 Troch Hedicroi or sweet smelling troches pag. 631 Troch Hysterici or Hysterical troches pag. 641 Troch Myrrhae or troches of Myrrhe pag. 640 Troch Narcotici Fernel or the stupefying troches of Fernelius pag. 643 Troch de Rhabarbero or the troches of Rhabarb pag. 574 Troch Scillitici Androm or the troch of Squills prescribed by Andromachus pag. 632 Troch de Spodio cum semine or the troches of Spodium with Sorrel-seed pag. 638 Troch de Viperis or the troches of Vipers pag. 630 Tryphera solutiva pag. 563 Turchesa pag. 419 Turbith its description pag. 263 Various opinions about it Ibid. How to know the best Ibid. How to prepare it pag. 56 Turpentine pag. 379 Masculine pag. 380 Feminine pag. 380 Tutty what it is pag. 436 How to prepare it Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. How to wash it pag. 53 V. VAlerian pag. 333 Vaporary its constitution and use pag. 187 A Vaporary to bring down the Tearms and move the Hemorrhoids pag. 187 To stay them both pag. 188 To allay the pain thereof Ibid. Vegetables which by a certain Antinomasia are to be preferred before others pag. 149 Venice-Treacle pag. 626 Verdigrease what it is pag. 429 Its species and qualities pag. 430 How to burn it pag. 69 Vermilago pag. 332 Vermilion pag. 408 Vesicatory how it differs from a Sinapism pag. 205 Its utility Ibid. The Country-mans Vesicatory Ibid. Vineger pag. 221 â—â—â—qualities pag. 101 221 â—â—ich is best Ibid. â—â—eger of Roses how to be made pag. 72 Vineger of Squills Ibid. Viâ—e pag. 219 Vinous Hydromel how made pag. 71 Vinum Hippocraticum what it is pag. 56 Vinum ex Herbis pag. 77 Vipers what they are pag. 764 Why so called Ibid. Their differences Ibid. Why their beads and tails in their preparation must be cut off pag. 465 How to burn them pag. 67 The manner of preparing their Axungia pag. 466 When they are to be taken for the composition of Treacle Ibid. The powder of their skins will cause hair to grow pag. 16 Virgins milk why so called pag. 197 How it is made Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. Vitriol pag. 399 Which may be called the best Ibid. How to burn it pag. 68 How to burn Red Vitriol pag. 69 Ulcers in the eyes are cured by washed Cadmia pag. 53 Unguent what it is pag. 121 The difference of an Unguent and Cerate Ibid. Their varieties pag. 122 What quantity of Oyl Unguents require pag. 121 In what vessels they must be kept Ibid. The four hot and cold Unguents what they are pag. 151 A sweet smelling Ung. pag. 213 Unguentum ad Achorus vulgo Tineam or an Unguent for Moths c. pag. 702 Unguentum Adjutorium or the Adjutory Unguent pag. 706 Ung. Egyptiacum or the Egyptian Oyntment pag. 704 Ung. Crudum or the Crude Oyntment pag. 87 122 Ung. Agrippae or the Oyntment of the juyce of wild simples pag. 704 Ung. Apostolorum or the Oyntment of the Apostles pag. 703 Ung. album Rhasis or Rhasis white Oyntment pag. 705 Ung. Altheae or the Oyntment of Marshmallows pag. 698 Ung. Aregon or the helping Oyntment pag. 705 Ung. Aureum or the Golden Oyntment pag. 700 Ung. Basilicum or the Princely Oyntment pag. 699 Ung. de Bolo or the Oyntment of Bole. pag. 693 Ung. Caphuratum or an Oyntment with Camphor pag. 697 Ung. Citrinum or the Oyntment of Citrons pag. 707 Ung. de Siccativum rubrum or the red drying Oyntment pag. 694 Ung. Diapompholigos or the Oyntment of Pompholix pag. 695 Ung. Enulatum cum Merc. or the Oyntment of Enulacampane with Mercury pag. 701 Ung. Fuscum or the Agglutiating Oyntment Ibid. Ung. de Lythargyro or the Oyntment of Litharidge pag. 692 Ung. magnum or the eximious Oyntment pag. 704 Ung. Martiatum or Martiatons Unguent pag. 706 Ung. Melleum or the honey Oyntment pag. 704 Ung. de Minio or the Oyntment of Red-lead pag. 697 Ung. Mundificativum expert or the Experienced cleansing Oyntment pag. 699 Ung. Neapolitanum or an Oyntment for the Venerean disease pag. 709 Ung. nutritum or the nourished Oyntment pag. 692 Ung. Ophthalmicum or an Oyntment for the eyes pag. 696 Ung. Populeon or the Oyntment of Poplar pag. 691 Ung. ad Pruritem scabiosem or an Oyntment for the Itch. pag. 696 Ung. Resumptivum or the Resumptive Oyntment pag. 697 Ung. Rosatum or the Oyntment of Roses pag. 690 Ung. Sanctum or a Sacred Oyntment pag. 3 Ung. Spleniticum or an Oyntment for the Spleen pag. 708 Ung. Stipticum or the Astringent Oyntment pag. 694 Ung. Tetrapharmacum or an Oyntment of four things pag. 699 Ung. Triapharmacum or an Oyntment of three similar things pag. 692 Ung. ad Vermis or an Oyntment for the Worms pag. 702 Unicorn and his horn pag. 456 Its description and vertues Ibid. Unions how they differ from Margarites pag. 459 Whence they have their name pag. 458 Vomits which should especially be made choice of pag. 45 46 Ureticks what they are pag. 29 Urna what it is pag. 137 Ustion what it is pag. 67 The various modes thereof Ibid. When it may be said to be finished pag. 68 Why by Ustion sharp Medicaments lose their acrimony pag. 67 It is cousin german to Assation pag. 69 Utensils for an Apothecaries shop what they arâ— pag. 472 A catalogue thereof pag. 473 c. Vulnerary powder pag. 107 W. WAll-flower pag. 309 Wall-nuts pag. 387 Wall-wort pag. 261 Water and fire the principles of life pag. 217 What the soul of Water is pag. 218 How the goodness of Water may be known Ibid. The differences thereof Ibid. Which may be called the best Ibid. What the levity of Water is pag. 218 The quantity of Water to be put in a Decoction pag. 162 The quantity of Water to be used for a dose Ibid. Why Cistern-waters are unwholesome pag. 218 Why running-Water is the best pag. 99
which comes for the most part by fits stirred up by an influx of humors into the said joynts but in plain terms the Gout Arthritical Gouty persons Arthrodia is a Ligament which conjoyns the head of the bone which is of it's self little and that stands in shallow cavity Articles joynts Arundinaceous resembling reeds or reedy Ascharides Worms in the arse-gut Ascites is a swelling of the belly caused of a serous matter sometimes from a swelling in the teeth Assation rosting Assumed taken inwardly Asthma shortnesse of breathing viz. when the breath is hindred by the sympathy or propriety of the part Astmatical short breathed Astringent Medicines that bind or close up the pores of the skin or that bind the belly Astrictive binding Atomes Motes Atrophy a Consumption Attenuating or making thin Attracteth draweth together or to its self Attraction The drawing quality of any thing as the Loadstone draweth Iron Attrition rubbing or grinding a certain manner of preparation like grinding on some convenient stone with some humidity whereby Lapis Judaicus Collyrta and the like are prepared Augmentation of a Disease is until it comes to its worst state Austere sour Auricles the ears Auriculum a Chalx that contains gold gold calcined to pouder Auripigmentum Orpiment of a deadly taste yet used outwardly in medicines Axilla the arm-pit Axungia Hogs-grease Azure an excellent blue colour B Balm a pretious liquor or juyce otherwise called balsamum or opobalsamum It dropeth by cutting out of a little low Plant about a yard high having leaves like Rue but whiter which plant groweth in Egypt and some places of the Holy-land This juyce is somewhat like oyl but more clammy and inclining to a certain redness It hath a strong smell and no very pleasant taste being dropt into a vessel of Water it will sink down to the bottom like a round pearl and may be taken up again on the point of a knife its excellent to take away a skar and many other purposes but it 's very dear and hard to be gotten Balneum Mariae a pot of seething Water whereinto is set a vessel containing any fit matter to be distill'd or digested Balneum sulphureum a Bath which hath the vertues of brimstone Basilisk a Cockatrice the most venemous Serpent that is it kills a man with its very sight as some say but by its breath infallibly it 's about a foot long with a black and yellow skin and fiery red eyes Bdellion Bdellium the name of a gum brought out of Arabia and the Holy-land of a sweet smell and bitter taste its vertues are to mollifie hard swellings and is good against stiffness of sinews or other parts and against the biting of venemous beasts Bechichal Confections Medicines or Electuaries made for the Cough Benedicta laxativa a purging Electuary Benign Medicaments gentle harmless Medicines Benzwine a sweet smelling Gum of many signal vertues Berillus a pretious stone called beryl Bezar a stone of excellent vertue against poyson of the bigness of an Acorn dissolved it may be in Water it 's taken out of a Beast in India of the same name and is exceeding deer Biles Tumours or knots Bilious Chollerick Bitumen a kind of natural Lime and Clay clammy like pitch it grows in some Countries of Asia it 's of a bright clear purple colour and of a strong smell the black is accounted naught There is also a liquid bitumen in Sicily used instead of lamp-oyl Blanching is the separation of the skins and hulls from divers seeds and kernels as Almonds pease barley c. and it 's done by steeping them in hot Water after which the hulls or peels will slip off by rubbing with your thumb Bolus a morsel or lump of a soft Medicine to be swallowed down Bolus armenus Bole-armoniack is cordial drying healing and cooling Bonity Goodness Borax venetiae Borax Breathing a vein is blood-letting properly where but little blood is taken away Bronchia the hollow pipes which are dispersed through the substance of the Lungs being branches of the wind-pipe Bronchochele the Rupture of the throat a great round swelling in the throat Buccellation is dividing into gobbets or by piece-meals Buglossum vinum Wine made of Bugloss C Cacoethe is a species of the canker and so poysonous that it continueth with one all his life time being by most held incurable Cachechtical persons such as are bloat up with a moist windy humor and have a pale ill colour in their faces Cuchectical an evil habit of body Cadmia nativa a kind of mineral Cadmia officinarum Tutty Caducus morbus the falling-sickness Caeliaca the Arteries of the stomach which accompany the branches of the Gate-vein Calcanthum Vitriolum Copperas or Vitriol Calcedonius a pretious stone Calcination a burning to ashes by drying up of the native moisture by reverberate ignition by putting them together with aqua fortis the spirit of salt vitriol sulphur c. Calamine the oar of brass much used among Chirurgions Calamites rana viridis a green Frog Calefaction is a certain way of preparing Medicines simple or compound by a moderate heat of the Sun fire or horse-dung Calefactive heating Calefy that maketh warm Caliginous dim dark sighted Callous hard brawny Calx coma is abstersive drying healing Calx viva Quick lime used chiefly in caustick Medicines Camphir a strong smelling juyce or sap of a tree in India Cancer is a hard tumor rough and unequal round and unmoveable of an ash or liquid colour Canina fames Cynorexia Dogs appetite unnatural hunger Cantharides Spanish flies of a golden colour Carabe Amber Carbo Carbunculus a Plague-sore or Botch Carbunculus Anthracites A Carbuncle stone coming out of the Indies Cardamomum a spice Cardiack passion passions of the heart Cardiaca the median or liver-vein Cardialgia distempers or griefs of the heart Cardiacks things proper to the heart or Cordials Cardiogmos heart-burning Carenum mustum ad tertias coctum Must or new Wine boyld till the third part remain Carminating Medicines are such as break wind Carnose Fleshy Carpobalsamum the fruit of balsamum Caryophillum Cloves Carus rottenness or corruption of a Bone Caruncle a bit of flesh growing out on any part of the body Cassia flos prepared Cassia of excellent use in Physick it being as harmless and gentle a purge as is Castigation Correction chastisement Catagmaticks Medicines to consolidate or knit together broken bones Catagma ossium fractura A fracture of the bones Catalepsis numbness or stiffness with which whosoever is taken he retains the same figure of the parts of the body which he had when he was taken whether sitting or lying Catapasms sweet pouders Cataphora a dead sleep Cataplasm a pultise Catopotium pillula a Pill or little ball Catharticks purging Medicines Catarrh a flowing or distilling of humors from the brain upon the Lungs causing a cough Catheter an hollow instrument to thrust into the yard when the urine is stopt by stones or gravel lying in the passage Catholicon an universal Medicine Catocho
chusing of simples according to time and season Electuary a soft form of medicine made sometimes purging sometimes not Elephantiasis a kind of white scals or leprosie over the whole body of the patient making it like the side of an elephant Elevation is when subtil things are forced from those which are thick Elicite make choice of Elixar a quintessense or medicinal liquor refined by distillation to the highest purity and exalted to its utmost degree of vertue Elixation gentle boyling by a moderate heat Elution the preparation of common Bole by pulverization calcination lotion c. as Talcum Crocus martis Terra-lemnia Emanates proceeds from Embrocated moistened sprinckled wash'd or bathed Emends cures or takes away Emetos or Emesia vomiting a depraved motion of the stomach Emetica vomiting Medicines Emphrastica medicines that clog up the pores of the skin by their clamminess Empirick a Mountebank or Quacksalver that administreth Physick without any regard to rule or art Emollient softening or dissolving oyntments Emollition a softening by steeping Emollient herbs are four mallows marsh-mallows black violet and bears breech Empasms medicinal pouders used to allay inflamations and to scarifie the extremity of the skin Emplasters are a Composition of several Simples for several diseases according to the Physitians discretion Emplaistick medicines all such kind of food which is of a clammy glutinous substance Empneumasis Windiness in the stomach Emprostotonos A kind of Cramp Empyema corruption or quittour lying between the Breast and Lungs after a plurisie Empyici are such as have an imposthume or bladder broken in the side of the Lungs Emulgent veins those passages whereby the wheyish excrements of the bloud is conveyed through the kidneys into the bladder Emulsions the steeping or dissolution by steeping of any seeds or kernels in liquor till it come to the thickness of a jelly Emunctories certain passages whereby nature clenseth the body from many hurtful peccant humors which are certain kernels in the groins and under the arms where risings most commonly happen in pestilential and venemous diseases Enecated killed Eneorema the clouds that hang in distilled waters or in urins especially when the Disease is breaking away Energetical very forcible and strong Enchanthis an immoderate encrease and swelling of the caruncle or little flesh in the corner of the eye coming from the abundance of bloud in that part Encomium praise commendation Entrals the bowels Euntiates signifies Ephemera febris a light Fever that lasts but one day Ephractica medicines opening the pores of the skin Epicrasis a leasurely evacuacuation of evil humors Epidemical diseases are such as are universally spread over a whole Nation or Country such are the plague small pox fluxes sweating sicknesse c. Epidemia the plague Epiglottis is a gristle and a cover of the cleft of the Larynx made to fall upon it when we swallow that nothing should slip into the weason Epilepsia the falling sickness which is a convulsion of the whole body not continually but by fits with an hinderance both of the mind and senses Epiphora involuntary weeping Epispastick blistering plaisters or any other strong drawing plaister they are also called vesicatories Epithems bags of dried herbs pouders or spices sometimes moistened with rose-rose-water wine or vinegar sometimes applied dry to the region of the stomach heart liver spleen or brain Epuloticks pouders or other medicines that dry up ulcers and sores Eradicate plucked up by the roots Eraded scraped off or raked away Erector in plain english A lifter up physically the muscle that makes the yard to stand Eroded rusted canker'd or eaten asunder Erumnies griefs miseries Errhins sneezing medicines to be snuft up into the head to purge the brain Erugates Takes away wrinckles Eruption a breaking or bursting out Erysipelas chollerick humors or swellings Escheoticks potential cauteries see Cauteries Esculents whatever things may be eaten Essences or chymical extracts being the most refined and spiritual part of any matter or substance Essential accidents of a Disease without which they could not be said to be as heat in a Fever leanness in a Consumption c. Eviscerate to unbowel or draw out the bowels Euphorpium a gum or tear of a strange Plant growing on the mount Atlas in Libia its yellow clear and brittle it 's good against palsies and shrinking of sinews Exhalation is when the spirit of any matter solid or in pouder is lifted up through heat and vanisheth into the air Evacuation purging or discharging the body of what is dangerous or superfluous Evaporation consumption by steem caused by a gentle heat in evaporations of liquors the flatter broader your vessel is that holds your liquor the sooner will the Operation be effected Eventilated fanned cooled or clensed by the wind as musty corn is made sweet by casting to and again abroad in the air Euchima good blood or a good habit of body Evocative that calls forth or brings forth any offensive matter or humor Euphony sound pronuntiaon Exacts drives away Exanthemata the small pox are pustules and the measles spots which arise in the top of the skin from the impurity of the corrupt bloud sent thither by force of nature Exaltation a chymical preparation whereby any thing is brought to its highest vertue and purity Exanimate drive out the life Exiccate to make dry or dry up Exasperate provoked to be more painful fell and angry than before Excavated hollow Excite stir up provokes Excrement the dregs or residence of the nourishment of the body voyded by dung sweat and urine Excrementitious that which is mixed with any impure or unnecessary excrementitious humor Excorticated fleyed or pieled Excreta things voided out of the body Exenterated having the bowels plucked out Exestuate destroy the heat of any part Exhalation vapors drawn by the Sun upwards off the face of the earth and waters Exhausted drawn dry spent Exhibited given administred Exhilerate make chearful enlighten revive Exiccation drying Exigent a streight or necessity an eminent peril Exiguity meanness littleness smalness Eximious excellent eminent exceeding admirable great Exonerate disburthen discharge Exotick strange forreign Expetible desirable worthy to be wish'd for or sought after Expel to drive forth Expectorate to help an easie spitting out of flegm Expressed squeezed out Expletes empties Expulsion the driving forth of excrements dung urine sweat or any hurtful humor offending the body Expurged clensed Exquisite perfectly perfect Extension stretching forth Extenuation leanness a consumption Extergeth clenseth Extinct dead or put out like a candle Extraction pulling or drawing out Extranous strange forreign from without Extrinsecal from without Extruct build set up Extrudes drives out Exucce without juyce Exulcerate make sore Exuperant over abounding exceeding F Fabrick the whole composition or frame of the body Fabrication building Factitious counterfeit Faculty of a medicine is a certain cause or quality whereon its properaction or vertue depends as the faculty of Aloes is to purge Faex vini the lees of wine Fames Canina Boulimia dogs appetite
when the appetite is depraved or offendeth in quantity or quality in quantity when nourishment is required in greater quantity than nature can bear and is called Boulimia in quality when things are required which are evil or not food and is called Pica Citta Fartures filling or cramming as they fill puddings whence the word is borrowed Febris Catarrhalis a Feaver caused by distillation of Rheum from the head Faeces dregs settlement in the bottom of any liquor dross c. Feculent foul drossy dreggy fervid very hot Fecund fruitful Fedity foulness Fenugreek a Plant or Herb the seed whereof is much used in Physick it 's yellow being hot in the second dregree and hath power to mollifie and dissolve Fermentation a working of the humors or any other liquor as new drink works in a vate Ferulaceous like the herb Ferula Ferrumination a soldering or fastening together Fibres similar parts cold and dry engendered of the seed and therefore white solid and long like spun thread appointed for motion and to hold the flesh of the parts wherein they are togegether Fictation is the accustoming of spiritual badness by fire by calcination gentle and continual decoction Ficus Marisca sycon sycosis the Piles or Hemmorrhoids in the fundament of a man Figuline earthen vessels Filtration a Chymical operation performed by letting the liquor run through a brown paper or by laying a piece of cloth list with one end in the liquor and the other into an empty vessel placed lower than the bottom of that containing the liquor whereby the clearest part will run out of that above into that below Fimus Equinus Horse Dung wherein Chymists use to set their medicaments to putrifie Fistick Nuts outlandish Nuts brought out of Syria and other hot Countries not much unlike a Hazel Nut They are very good against stoppings of the liver being steeped in sweet wine and for such as are afflicted with shortness of breath they are pleasant to the stomach Fistula a hollow Ulcer like a pipe running aslope into the flesh having a narrow mouth or hole for the issuing forth of the quittour hard and insensible round about the edge which keeps it from healing Fixation a fixing of bodies so as to make them endure the fire Flatuosity windiness Flatulent windy Flegmone a general name for all Imposthumes which the abundance of inflamed bloud produces Flos maris Sperma coeti Flos lactis cream Flos Rosarum the yellow seed within the Rose Flos Aeris Verdegrease the rust of Copper it is a good astringent desiceation and corroding medicine Fluent running apt to flow any thing that is liquid and will run like water Fluid apt to run and flow like water Fluors streams Fluvial water River water Flux the extraordinary flowing of any humor to a particular part or the flux of excrements called A scowring Fluxions watry humors Fluxus Hepaticus or flux of the Liver it is that wherein serous and bloody humors like water wherein flesh hath been washed are voided Foetor Oris stinking of the mouth through the putrefaction of the Gums or Teeth or meat sticking in the teeth Fomentation the application of spunges or cloths dipped in some liquor and so laid to the part grieved and so often renewed Forated pricked full of holes Forceps Tongs or Nippers to take hold of any thing to be plucked out of the ears mouth womb c. Formica Herpes a corroding Ulcer Formicans pulsus a weak pulse beating extreme thick and yet so feebly as it s compared to the creeping of a pismire as the name imports Fortified strengthened confirmed Fortuitous that falls out by chance or at adventure Fossile earth which is or may be digged up Fotus a fomentation Fraction breaking in pieces Fracture breaking of a bone Fragile brittle Friable apt to crumble short like puff-paste it 's opposed to clamminess or sliminess Frication a rubbing Friction rubbing and chafing a great while together Frixion frying Frontals certain forms of medicaments to be applied to the fore-head in distempers of the head Frontal veins fore-head veins Fructical bringing forth stalks Frustaneous in vain frustrate Fugacius apt to fly away Fulciments props stayes Fuligo Canini soot of the chimney Fulmination a Metallical gradation causing a sudden bright light Fumigations any thing burnt either to qualifie the air or immediatly applied to the body of the patient as for the pox womens courses c. Fundament the arse-hole Function the office or proper faculties of operation in any part or member of the body Furfures capitis the white dust of a mans head Fusible that may be melted Fusitive Art Chymistry especially that part of it that is conversant in melting of Metals G Galangale an herb so called the root whereof is hot and dry in the third degree and much used in physick Galbanum a gum or liquor drawn forth of a plant in Syria called metopion or as some say sagapene Gallia muschata a sweet smelling Confection of the Apothecaries so called Gallicus Morbus the Crinkomes french pox the foul disease Gangrene is a running and creeping sore that as far as it runs mortifies the flesh causing it to rot so that of necessity that member wherein a Gangrene is radicated must be cut off Ganglium a Wen or Ganglium is a swelling sometimes hard sometimes soft yet alwayes round and useth to breed in dry hard and sinewy parts Gargarisms medicines to wash and gargle in a sore mouth or throat Gastrick the stomach vein Generating breeding begeting Generous brave noble liberal Geniculated kneed or knobed or full of joynts Germinating growing Gibbous bunching out Glans the top of the yard Glandules kernels such as are about the throat and are called the Almonds of the ears also the sweet-bread and whatever is like to these is said to be of a Glandulous substance Glaucoma so called from its changing the chrystalline humor into a fiery redness Glottis or cleft of the Larynx is that body which maketh the cleft or fissure in the Larynx which is the chief instrument whereby the voice is formed and uttered Glumosity hulliness Glutinous clammy sticking like glue Glutinatious such things that like glue are used to joyn and close up broken bones veins c. Glyster an instrument used to thrust up into the fundament Gomphosis is a joyning of a bone as a nail is joyned in a board and so the teeth are fastened in the jaws Gonagra the Gout in the knees Gonorrhaea the running of the reins Gracile lean slender and tender Gradation is an exaltation of Metals in the degree of affections where by weight colour and constancy they are brought to an excellent measure but the substance unchang'd Grains of Paradise a little seed brought out of Armenia of a strong sweet smell and somwhat sharp in taste it is hot and dry of a subtil substance and often used in Physick for it warms the outward parts and is good against the falling-sickness Granulation proper to Metals by
infusion on fire and effusion into water is their comminution into Granula Gristle is a similar part cold and dry made out of the thickest part of the seed gathered together by the power of heat and ordained to secure the variety of motions and as a bulwark against any outward violence Guaiacum a wood called by some Lignumvitae it 's a peculiar remedy for the pox Gula the throat Gum Animi Indian Amber Gum Arabick a kind of white clear Gum growing on a thorn tree called Acacia in Arabia Gurgulio the gullet Gust the taste Gustative tasting or that which is tastable Gutta Rosacea is a preternatural redness which possesseth the nose and checks and oft-times all the face besides Guttural tumors swellings in the throat Gynglimos is a joyning of a bone when the same bone receiveth another and is received by another H Habit of body the Constitution or temperament thereof Haesitation sticking staggering or doubting Haemoplois or Haemoplosis spetting of blood which comes from the vital parts as the Breast Lungs and rough Artery Haemorragia bleeding at the nose or any other part a symptome in the excrements of those things which are wholly against nature Haemorrois sanguinis profluvium pervenas ani the bleeding of the Hemorrhoids or Piles Haemorrhoides verucales the Piles Haemorrhoides nasi an ulceration of the nose Halituous thin breathy Harmonia is the juncture of a bone by a line Hectica a wasting or consuming Fever Helcticum a medicine drawing the humors downwards opposed to a repelling medicine Hemicrania or Hemicraene a kind of Head-ach when but one side of the Head is grieved Hemiplegia the palsie possessing one side Hepatis oppilatio a stoppage in the Liver Hepatica the liver vein things proper to the liver Hepatrical of or belonging to the liver Hepaticus one diseased in the liver Hepsema sodden new wine Herculeus Morbus the falling Evil. Hereditary diseases such as are deriv'd from the Parents to the Children Hermaphrodite one that is both man and woman Hermetical after the Chymical or Paracelsian way that tribe being so called from Hermes Trismegistus Hernia Humeralis tumors in the Testicles and Scrotum Hernia Ramex a Rupture Herpes a Corroding Ulcer called the Wolf in a Womans Breast Heterogeneal of divers sorts or kinds of divers and contrary natures Hippocras bag is a bag made of white cotton like a sugar loaf pointed at bottom Hirae Picrae certain extreme bitter purging pouders Hispid rough with thorns Holy fire sacer Ignis a red inflamation called St. Anthonies fire being the disease that St. used to heal or the Rose Homogeneal all of one sort or kind Homogeneous alike in all its parts of one and the same substance Hordei Cremor Ptisana barley husked and sodden in water Horrors shakings and tremblings Hortensian Herbs which grew in the garden Humectation moistening Humectative the same Humeralis vena the shoulder vein Humidity humor or moisture Hydraeleum a medicine made of Oyl and Water beaten together Hydrocephalus a Dropsie of the head by a waterish humor and is a disease almost peculiar to infants newly born Hydrogogon Purges for watry humors Hydromel a Drink made of Honey and Water called Mead or Metheglin Hydrophobus à rabido Cane morsus one that is bitten of a mad Dog He that is afraid of water Hymen a slender membrane about the neck of the womb Hydra a monstrous Serpent in the lake Lerna which having divers heads as fast as any one was cut off two rose up in its stead Hydragogus drawing water Hypercathartica most violent purges too purging Hypocaust a Stove or Hot-house to sweat in Hypochondria the region of the body beneath the ribs Hypoglottion medicines so called because they are to lie under the tongue and melt Hypogion or matter under the Cornea a great inflamation of the eyes with swellings Hysteta uterus loci Matrix the Mother in Women Matrix or Womb. Hysteralgia pain in the Belly or Womb. Hysterica passio Fits of the Mother Diseases of the Womb. I Jacinth the name of a pretious stone of a light violet colour Jasper stone a pretious stone so called Jaundice is a yellow Color coming of the whole body spread over all the skin Idiopathica the obstrustion of breathing by propriety comes from the Lungs distempered and therefore every disease of the Lungs hurts their action which diseases are either in the substance of the Lungs or in the vessels thereof Ignition burning fiery hot Ignave cowardly sluggish Ignavy dulness Illiac passion a griping in the uppermost small guts a miserable disease and commonly deadly Illinctus Eclegma a medicine which is licked up and not swallowed Illiquation is the mingling of earthy bodies with mettalline so as both retain their own substance Illited annointed Illumination enlightening Imbecil weak without strength Imbibition a philosophical operation is ablution when liquor adjoyned to a body is lifted up and finding no vent falls back washeth it with humectations Imbued filled full of any liquor or vertue by soaking like a spunge or lying buried in such things as we desire it should be imbued withal Immature unripe Immedicable which cannot be healed Immersion to plunge or bury any thing over head and ears in any liquor or pouder Immutation a changing or altering Impetigo is properly a ringworm Impetiginous itchy scabby Impinguates makes fat Implete fill up Implicated enfolded Improbation disproving Inanition emptiness of the body Inappetency want of appetite Incalescence heating warming gently Incarnate to breed flesh Incantation charms witchcraft Incernicle a sieve Incising medicaments such as cut tough flegm as Oximel Incision the cut or wound the Surgeon makes with his Lancet either in opening an imposthume letting blood or the like Inclination a pouring the thin from the thick of any liquor from one vessel to another Incongruous disagreeable Incrassation a thickening Increment the encreasing of a sickness Incrustated covered over Incubus the night Mare the Hagg. Indagation searching out Indication is some kind of signes or symptoms appearing in the sick patient whereby the Physitian is hinted or as it were pointed with the finger to such and such a course of Physick or particular remedy as abundance of blood Indicate declare point at Indicates bloud-letting the like doth the stopping of courses in Women Indigenous home-bred Indomitable untameable not to be tamed Induration hardening Inebriates makes drunk besots Infarctures stoppings Infirm sick weak not sound Inflamation burning heat and extreme redness Influence flowing from above or into Influx flowing into Infunded that is infused Infused that is steeped Infusion a strained liquor wherein medicaments have been steeped either hot or cold Ingrede go into or help to make up a medicine Inherent stick to or within that will not be separated Inhumation is the setting of two pots the head of the uppermost being well luted and covered with his bottom full of pin-holes fast in the ground and covering them with earth having a circular fire made for distillatory transudation
Injection a medicinal liquor cast with a syringe or Clyster-pipe into the Womb Fundament or Bladder Innoxiously without harm or danger Inoculate is by cutting a round hole in the bark of one tree and a bud off another to set it on the hole of the former with clay Inodorous without smell Inordinate irregular unruly masterless Inquination defilement corruption pollution Insensible passages are certain passages in the body not perceivable to sense by reason of their smalness Insensible not to be perceived by the senses Inserted engrafted or joynted into Instinct a strong inclination impuls or secret prompting Insipid tasteless Insolation is a steeping or infusion of any thing in liquor and setting it in the Sun Inspersion sprinckling upon Inspissate juyce is the juyce of some herb boyled to the thickness of honey Integral whole or entire Intension and Remission encrease and decrease Insuavity unwholsomness or stinking Insuave unpleasant Integral whole Intercept stopped in the mid-way Intercostales the Muscles which are woven between the ribs and fill up the distances between them Intermission ceassing leaving off between whiles Internal inward Intermediate mediating between Intermitting pulse is that which the fit holds up a while and then beats again which is a sign of extreme sickness Intervention coming between Intestinum Jejunum the empty gut Intestinum caecum the blind gut Intestinum rectum the arsegut Intestinum duodenum the gut next the stomach Intestina Gracilia the little guts Intestina terrae Lumbrici terrestes earth-worms Intoxicate to bewitch to amaze or extremely dull ones spirit Introsumed taken inwardly Invalidity weakness want of strength Invasions of a disease the return of the fit Inversio ventriculi an inversion of the stomach Investigate search out Inveterate grows old Involution a wrapping up one thing in another Irradiation a shining upon Irrigation a sprinkling of moisture upon things that are to be dissolved that they may melt more easily Irritated provoked stirred to anger Ischias the Sciatica Ischuria urinaeretentio a stoppage of the urine Jucundity pleasantness Jugular veins the throat veins Jugulates signifies to choak or kill Juleps pleasant cooling drinks made most commonly of distill'd waters and syrups and given to allay heat and quench thirst in Fevers Jujubes certain Plums of Italy sold here by Apothecaries some of them are white others red round like an Olive of a sweet taste having a small hard stone if they be long kept they grow dry and full of wrinkles they are of a temperate quality and are good against the cough roughness of the throat and against all exulcerations of the kidneys and bladder but of hard digestion K Katagmatica medicines effectual in conjoyning broken bones L Lacca a kind of red Gum brought out of Arabia and sold here by Apothecaries good against diseases of the breast and comfortable to the liver Lac Virginis Maiden milk see the preparation in the general practice of Physick Lacrymae the tears of juyces or gums that distill from trees and plants of their own accord Lacteous milky Lagopthalmus or the flarecys in this disease the patient sleeps with his eyes open because his eye-lids are so short that it will not cover them Lambative medicines to be lick'd up and swallowed down softly appropriated to the Lungs Lapis Granutus the Granate stone it is pretious in medicines but by reason of its costliness is soldom used Lapis magnetis the Loadstone for value far exceeding the Diamond of a drawing and healing quality Lapis Hematis Bloud-stone good to stench bleeding inwardly and outwardly with many other medicinal vertues Lapis prunellae a stone made of salt-niter it is good against tooth-ach inflamations and sores of the mouth or throat and hot fevers taken inwardly Lapis sabulosus is a great secret in curing a Fracture being daily given the patient one dram a day mixing it with the outward medicine and applied to the pained place Larynx diseases of the teeth gums jaws pallate wind-pipe the throat or organ of the voice Larch turpentine a kind of Rosin or Turpentine that grows upon Larch-tree in Italy it s often used in oyntments and playsters to clense and heal wounds it may be taken inwardly with Hony and so it cleanseth the breast loosens the belly and is good to expel the stone and gravel Lassitude weariness Lateres stones or bricks for furnaces Latifolious with broad leaves Lateres Cribrati pouder of bricks used in preparing medicines to make good lute as well as otherwayes Laudanum a yellowish gum as some write but others affirm it to be made of a dew which falleth upon a certain Herb in Greece some say it s taken hanging at Goats-beards that feed among that plant It 's often used in Pomanders and being annointed upon the head with oyl of Myrtles it strengthens the skin and keeps the hair from falling off Lapis Lazuli a blew stone of a kind of marble with veins of gold in it it is hot and dry and being rightly prepared it's good against melancholly diseases and by cleansing the bloud preserves from the leprosie Leguminous a kind of pulse Leniating looseness Lenitive a gentle purge Lenocinies gentle medicines Lentor a clammy or glewish humor Lenetives gentle medicines to loosen the belly or plaisters or oyntments to ease pain Lepra the leprosie a disease causing a roughness of the skin with black wannish spots and dry parched scales and scurff Lethal deadly Lethargy a sleepy disease in which the senses and reason it self seem to sleep Levative medicines easing pain Leviate ease pain Levigated finely poudered Leucophlegmatia a kind of dropsie Liberates frees or releases Libidinous lustful leacherous Lichen a tetter or ringworm Lienteria intestinorum levitus a kind of flux of the stomach when the meat and drink runs from a man as he taketh it without concoction or alteration Ligamenta sinews Ligature bands wherewith joynts dislocated and broken bones are bound up and contained in their places till they may knit and grow together again it signifies also a binding of any part so hard as that thereby the bloud and humors through the pain and straitness of the ligature is drawn from the place or diseased part to the part so bound Ligneous a woody substance Ligula Uvula a little piece of flesh in the roof of the mouth Limbeck a still to distil waters Limation filing Limatura martis the filings of horn used for the making of Crocus martis Limpid clear pure transparent Linetus Eclegma lambetivum or Confection that is not chewed but licked in and by the Apothecaries is called by an Arabian word viz. Lohoch Liniments oyntments used for curing the scurvy dropsie and palsie Lipitude purblindness Lipothymy a swouning wherein one seemeth to be dead the vital spirits being suddenly opprest Liquation making liquid Liquified made liquid or turn'd to water Lithargy the foam or scum that riseth from Lead Silver or Gold c. when they are tryed It is cold in operation and of frequent use with Surgeons in oyntments and
plaisters being of a gentle drying clensing binding nature Lithiasis the Disease of the stone engendered in a mans body Lithontribon a Confection of the Apothecaries so called because it drives away and breaks the stone in a mans body Lithontriptica Medicines breaking the stone in the Bladder Lixivium see Lucinium Lixive Lee. Loches or Child-bed purgations and immoderate flux caused from the over-wide opening of the vessels or their tearing in hard travel Loch Lohoch or Linctus is a thick syrup or other soft substance not to be swallowed but let melt in the mouth that so it may gently slide down and thereby have the more vertue against diseases of the breast lungs and throat Longanum the arse-gut Longaevity long life or old age Lotion a preparing of medicines or washing Loture the washings or water wherein any thing that leaves a taste or tincture behind it hath been washed Lozenges little tablets made up of several things with sugar to lie and melt in the mouth taken for colds Lubricating making slippery loosening Lues a plague or pestilence Lues venerea the French pox a plague containing all diseases in one and seldom cured perfectly Lucinium lixivum lye made of ashes which is profitable in healing outwardly and inwardly the best in caustick medicines Lunacy a disease wherein the patient is distracted at certain times of the Moon Lutation is a medicine thick or thin according to the heat and continuance of the fire which exactly stops the mouth of the vessel that no vapor pass out Lutetia Paris Luxation a loosening of the joynts Lycium a decoction made of the juyce or decoction of the bramble root Lysiponium medicines mitigating pain M Maceration steeping or soaking any thing in liquor till it be almost dissolved Macerated steeped Macilent lean slender Madefaction weting or making wet Madid moist wet Magistral syrup is a particular syrup prescribed by a skilful Physitian to his patient for a particular disease Malacia Pica a corrupt appetite by reason of humors gathered about the mouth of the stomach which is the cause of longings in women Malaxation softening loosening Malcolent that hath an ill smell Malignant medicaments violent pernicious unwholsome destructive medicines Malleable abiding the Hammer or Mallet or which may be wrought or beaten therewith Mamillary veins passages from the Womb to the breasts serving to convey the menstrual bloud thither to be converted into milk Manducated chewed Manna a kind of sweet dew like sugar Mania madness a doting without a fever with raging and fury Maniple an handful of herbs flowers roots and such like things Mansuete tame Manus Christi sugar boyled with Rose-water without putting any thing else to it it may be made with violet water or cinnamon water Mandrake a forrein plant bearing yellow round Apples the root of this herb is great and white like a Parship growing in two branches like the legs of a Woman which gives opportunity to Jugglers to Counterfeit obscene beastly Images therewith the root especially the bark is extreme cold and dry even to the fourth degree it is therefore very dangerous to be taken inward it 's usually given to cast people into a dead sleep when they are to be dismembered or cut of the stone Marchasia minerals which are unprepared as silver oar lead oar c. Marchasite a stone participating with the nature of some metal yet in some small quantity that the metal cannot be melted from it but will vapour away in smoak the stone turning to ashes These Marchasites are commonly in colour like the metal mixed with them whether it be gold silver brass or any other Some call any stone out of which fire may be struck a Marchasite Marcid musty unwholsome stinking nasty Marcor corruption rottenness Margarites the fairest sorts of pearls Mariscus the Piles Mastick a white and clear gum of a sweet savor it grows on the Lentisk tree in the Island of Chios it 's temperate in heat and of a dry binding nature whereby it strengthens the stomach stayes vomiting and stops any issue of bloud it 's good to rub the teeth to fasten them and make them white Masticatories medicines to be chewed to bring away Rheum from malignity the venemous or poysonful quality of certain Humors and Diseases which makes them for the most part deadly Matter or Quittour the white thick filth that issues from sores and ulcers when they are on the mending hand Matrix Mediana vena the Median vein Matrix the Womb or place of Conception Maturity ripeness Measles a kind of small pox which arises from the impurities of the Mothers bloud Mechoacan a whitish root brought out of India called by some Indian or white Rhubarb it 's hot in the first and dry in the second degree and purgeth all humors of what kind soever with much ease it clenseth and comforteth the liver and all inward parts Mediastinum so called because it mediateth or divideth the chest in the midst Medicamen de Turbith a purging medicine Medick Physitian an abbreviation of the Latin word medicus Medium whatever is transparent or may be seen through is called a medium to the sight principally the air as its either thick or thin also glass water horn are called mediums when question is of seeing through them Medulla pith marrow Mel Honey is laxative clensing softening and healing Melancholia a melancholy kind of madness a doting without a fever with fear and sadness Melanogogon purgers of Melancholy Melitites honyed Wine Mellifluous sweet as hony Membrane a fleshy skin a coat serving as a coat for the arteries and veins Membranous skinny substances like parchment Meninges the films or Tunicles which are the coverings or coats wherein the brain is contained Menstruous a Woman which hath upon her her monthly flowers or which belongeth to them Mercury and Mercurial purges such as are made of Quicksilver chymically prepared Mercurius Quicksilver like a seeming friend which heals and kills Mercurius praecipitatus and sublimatus Mercury precipitate and sublimate Mercurius solis mercury of gold I shall leave the description hereof to the Philosophers by the fire Mercurius Lunae mercury of silver Mercurius martis mercury of iron Mercurius jovis mercury of tin Mercurius saturni mercury of lead Mercury is a liquid substance sowr or sharp volatile penetrable airy and most pure from which all nourishment proceeds Meri Arabum Oesephagus the mouth of the stomach Mesentery the skin which holds the guts together and runs along amongst them full of fatty knobs Metra Hippocratis uterus the Womb. Metrenchyta an instrument to inject liquid medicines into the Womb. Michleta the name of a Confection so called Microcosmographia a description of the body of man Microcosmus it properly signifies a little World but it 's commonly used to signifie a man who in himself hath something or other answering to any part of the great World Mictus sanguinis is a disease of the Reins through which thin wheyish bloud is passed Midriasis is the dilatation
many Poysons That which is asserted de Dracone marino Sea-dragon is both Poyson and Aliment exceeds credit for he hath a sharp pointed bone upon his back so noxious to man that whomsoever he pricks is precipitated to death unless he be helped in time yet his flesh is both pleasant and wholsome nutriment insomuch that the common sort of Frenchmen call it Flesh of Life And so it may seem wonderfull that some Animals do at once suggest Aliment Nutriment and Poyson for some part of them is life in others death to the Assumers Yet 't is very strange that poysonfull Animals whose bodies are enemies to ours and present death should by application safely cure the wounds and bitings that they themselves have made and they alone in many cases are able to free us from such wounds and the perils ensuing The reason is because one simile attracts another to it and as it were revoking its own substance frees the part affected from Poyson So Crocodiles grease cures those that are smitten by him and those that are hurt with Scorpions are cured by the same bruised and applied plaisterwise Mus Araneus will work the same effect if pulverised when it hath bitten any It is also worthy our notice taking that Poyson doth not onely attract Poyson but also extract pricks and darts out of our bodies without pain which can scarce be by any strength or art effected Many small Creatures are altogether noxious to humane bodies and yet usefull and commodious to health as Cantharides the Venemous Fly Buprestis Salamanders Palmer worms a Sea-hare a Toad a Fen frog for we use Cantharides Lizards Scorpions and Ants daily and effectually to the outward parts but not to the inward for it is altogether unsafe to put those Creatures into the body which are naturally endowed with an evil quality Thus did one Agyrta a forreign and unskilfull Physician Idem fecit maledictus ille Hebraeus Francofurtanus Aaron vocatus qui ante biennium ad Cacodaemones suos abiit apply Cantharides to a man well known to be honest but not wise who desired a Medicament to provoke him to Venery which sent him not to the pleasant Fields of Venus but to the Boat of Charon Yet there are some although noxious which hurt either by biting or touching which being prepared by expert Artificers and prescribed by skilfull Physicians and opportunely applyed do not onely no hurt but produce admirable and salutary effects for Wine wherein by mischance a Viper had been suffocated and extinguished cured a Leper long before separated from the society of his Fellow-Citizens A Snake may perform and effect the same What then will their flesh do skilfully prepared Many efficacious Poysons also are drawn from Minerals Ex mineralibus venena multa and these as well growing of their own accord as Quick-silver red Lead Parget Vitriol Sory Sandarach the Loadstone crude Antimony also the Adamant as those that are made such by Art as Sublimate Chalk Verdegrease Ceruse Aqua fortis and almost innumerable others which are much better unknown than known for it is enough to treat of some Simples beneficial to some Diseases amongst which some are to be preferred before others as less averse to nature and more conducing to health CHAP. XIV Of the faculties of those Medicaments in general which are named from their effects WE have before shewed that some Medicaments respect and corroborate some parts by a specifical virtue as Cephalick respect the head Ophthalmick the eyes Pulmoniack Hepatick the Lungs Liver Spleen and others other parts from whence they had their denomination Now we shall speak briefly and generally of such as are named from their effects that the Apothecary may have in readiness the name and knowledge of Medicaments with their respective quality to the proposed and desired effects For since names are the marks of things if they be conveniently and rightly fitted to them they will more aptly teach guide and direct the Artificer But almost all Medicaments retain their Greek idioms first imposed on them Medicamentorum appellatio a quibus Some named from the Arabian Language have scarce re-obtained their first and proper euphony yet have they in process of time been somewhat refined Medicaments therefore from their effects are thus named by Classical Authors A Medicament is called Cathartick or purging because by some way it draws noxious humours out of our bodies as by vomiting or secession Physicians call that Cholagogon or a choler-purging Medicament which extracts cholerick humours that which purges flegm Phlegmagogon that which purgeth melancholy Melanagogum that which purgeth watry or liquid humours Hydragogum and that which purgeth all humours Panchymagogon Another Medicament is called Polychrestum because it is of much use Eccoproticon is reckoned amongst the benign Medicaments and is so called because it onely moves the dregs Those are called Hypercatharctica or too much purging Medicaments which first purge that humour to which it is congruent and familiar afterwards other humours more apt to follow last of all blood so that they cause the Bloody Flux They are called Emetica that provoke vomiting and educe the humours by the mouth They are called Alliotica that is altering which alter any distemper as hot alters cold cold hot moyst dry Euchyma and Cacochyma that is meats of good evill juice have respect to aliments and those are called Euchyma which get good blood those Cacochyma that get ill blood they are called Epicerastica which afford good juice by little and little in stead of ill juice leasurely drawn out whence comes Epicrasis that is a leasurely evacuation of vitious juice That Medicament is called Hypnotycum which rather causes drowsinesse than sleep Galen lib. 9. Method and that is called Narcoticum which doth not only cause sleep but stupidity and oftentimes Necrosy or death That is called Ureticum which by dividing relaxing and compelling the passages moves the urine and gravell and often expells them They are called Lithontriptica that is Saxifrage which break or sever the stones or pebles in the bladder and eject them That is called Anodynum which delineates and mitigates any paine with a moderate heat it is called also Paregoricum and sometimes Lysiponium that is a labour easing or pain mitigating medicament That Medicament is in generall called Chalasticum which eases the part to which it is applyed or refreshes it with moderate heat but taken strictly it is that onely which relaxeth and cureth any swelling without excesse of any quality as fat butter grease c. That poysonous Medicament which divides and opens the orifices and excites the blood to an issue by its heat or acrimony is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 such as be Ramsons Savine Leeks Sow bread and many others The Greeks call a repercussive Medicament 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because by its refrigerating and binding power it repells the humours breaking out into the members as Plaintain Sorbe Ayles the hearb Mouse-eare other
repell by a refrigerating quality only as water and other such repercussours Galen lib. 14. Method but according to Galen and Oribasius all repelling Medicaments are onely to be used in the beginning of a fluxe That is called Helcticum or Epispasticum which draweth the humors downwards and it is contrary to repelling Medicaments for it is hot and thin but repercussives cold and grosse Galen lib. 10. compos Med. loc cap. 25. lib. 1. sympos c. 16. lib. 5. simplic And every hot Medicament draweth every cold one repells That which is hot in the second degree doth apparently draw that which is hot in the third partly drawes and partly disposes and it is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Now there are foure different kinds of attracting Medicaments Atrahentia quadruplicia Some draw by an Elementary quality which are hot in the second degree Others by accident as in putrefaction and of this sort Leaven hath the strongest attractive quality others by a certain similitude as poysons attract poyson others by an occult property As Dittany attracts and extracts pricks and darts the Loadstone Iron That is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which whether internally assumed or externally applyed doth not only open the passages by attenuation and scowring but which cutts divides and resolves obvious humours by sweat or breath Of which there are two kindes some weaker called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is relaxing which indeed are hot and subtill but doe not dry up which rather dispose the humors for resolution than resolve them The matter of resolving Medicament is abundant for all those that are moderately hot in the second and hot in the third degree and subtil resolve That which is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is stopping or obstructing is contrary to that which is called Anastomoticum for it obstructs the entry of the vessells and hinders evacuations because its substance is grosse and therefore obstructive That is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is closing which hath power but more unable and weak to obstruct and it onely closes the pores of the skin as Stegnoticum doth the orifices of the veines That is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is clammy which applyed to any place sticks tenaciously and obstructs the pores of the skin and fils them with much stuffe as Rosin or Gum. Some are also called Emphrastica which obstruct the pores with a glewish humour and fill them with clammy matter A condensing Medicament called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is that which makes liquid and subtill juices more grosse its power consists in grosse and terrestriall matter void of all Acrimony The Med. called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is contrary to this which attenuates grosse and compact humour and variously dissolves them It is of a very subtill substance whether cold as vinegar or hot as Aqua vitae otherwise called Aqua vini and by many Alcumists an Elixir or quintessence That is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is a pore-opening Medicament which delivers the passages from viscid and clammy humors its faculty is various according to the various manner of the humour causing obstruction for that obstruction which proceeds from a glewish juice must be dissolved by an attenuating and cutting Ecphracticke that obstruction which is hard withall must be resolved by a mollifying quality That is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is mollifying which mollifies a hard body as a hard boyle and reduces it to its naturall state and it is at least hot in the second degree and temperate both in humidity and siccity cap. 4. 8. lib. 5. simpl that which is more temperate in heat is rather a cause of imposthumes But that which is applyed to a hard swelling caused by siccity should be both more moist and moderate in heat as oyle of much marrow That is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or a suppuratory which is most congruent and like to our nature and as it were a symmetry of heat and moisture c. 5.7 8. lib. 5. simpl whence if our finger be put to any part where we desire to change the matter into corruption if it be long therein detained it shall easily make a suppuration but mollifying Medicaments are hotter yet not so hot that they discusse by that quality their exuperant humidity and therefore suppurating Medicaments performe what they may rather by quantity and mollifying by quality than any other thing To the former 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is very simular but taken strictly it is a Medicament which concocts the humour Diapyeticum is that which changes it into corruption That is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or cleansing which purges out all grosse and subtill humours and all filth whence it is called a purgative Medicament It is altogether bitter of taste full of salt and drying that is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is applied to green wounds it is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is a blood stenching Medicament That Medicament is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or incarnative which is effectuall in regenerating flesh and it is dry in the first degree and cleanseth moderately and without paine cap. 15. lib. 5. simpl 3. Method That Medicament is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or glutinatory which conjoynes and agglutinates parts disjoyned that they may returne to their naturall unity when it is applyed to bloody wounds 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by some Symphyticum Aggregativum That is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is effectuall in solidating broken bones and in conjoyning flesh-pores That is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Synuloticum which makes a skar in the ulcer which it doth by its most efficacious siccity and astriction for this is dry in the third degree Coleticum in the second and Sarcoticum in the first onely That Medicament is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which consumes the superfluous flesh to which it is applyed and reduces the part to its native superficies whence it is called of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it is hot in the third degree That Med. is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which by burning the part to which it is applyed by its most vehement and fiery heat it leaves a pill or crust upon it as sublimate or a Caustick That Medicament is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is putrifying which partakes of some maligne quality and destroyes and putrifies the place it touches by induring its stink and ill quallity as Sandarach the Monks hood and such like Some are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which take away hard thick skin and these may easily be used in their stead which are called Catharetica that is superfluous flesh-consuming Medicaments And since these are the chief names taken from the ffects of Medicamentall faculties we will omit those that are of lesse use CHAP. XV. Of the choice of purging Medicaments in generall IF an Apothecary sufficiently know these
fruits are harder more difficult to be cocted and lesse dissipable than flowers and leaves so Medicinall honey is made of these after a different manner for insolation will not suffice but they must be long concocted in water before honey be put to them and that fruits may be rightly cocted they must first be macerated four and twenty houres in thrice as much water as is equall to them then they must be cocted to the third part or half then an equall weight of honey must be added to the colature and then the concoction must be perfected in the consistency of a syrup CHAP. VI. Of Sapes IUices educed out of fruits and hearbs after colation expurgation and a consistency obtained by the benefit of the Sun or fire are called Sapes or medicinated juices by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rob Sapa quid and by the Arabians Rob or Robub Sape is properly wine pressed out of white ripe grapes and cocted to the consistency of honey called by the Arabians Rob. Now any other juice extracted and cocted to a just spissitude is by the generall name called Robub Yet these barbarous names are seldome distinguished but Rob and Robub are used without difference for any thick juice as it is apparent in Mesue who not ignorant of the proper name calls all concrete juices rather Rob than Robub though his interpreter judges otherwise The Juices are extracted either with a press or by the compression of ones hands and then trajected through a napkin that whatever of forditude is therein may cleave to the cloth and the pure juice may onely be transmitted which afterwards put in a pan or other vessel is insolated or cocted on a flow fire till it grow thick and acquire a solid form And its watry humidity thus resolved it may be preserved many months and years without putrefaction Some Juices also are simple Sapae simplices compositae others compound Of the simple some have a friable substance and a purgative faculty which must be longer cocted that they may acquire perfect solidity as Aloes Scammony and such like others have a lent and viscid substance and for the most part an astrictive and acid quality such as all Robs are said to be by Mesue Distinct 6. Those are called compound Sapes or Juices which besides their concrete Juices admit of Sugar as Rob condited of Barberries Rob of Quinces Mulberries and such Fruits As therefore sweet Wine onely boyled to the third Desrutum quid and despumed still remaining liquid is called Defrutum so Wine expressed in a harder Consistency inspissated by heat is properly called Sapa which also may be called Rob or Robub If any be more sollicitous about the name than the thing it self he may equally refer the name Robub to all Juices The use of Sapes is commended to many things Saparum usus especially to diseases in the mouth and they are sometimes prescribed alone sometimes to be mixed with other Confections as to Diamorum Diacodium and other Syrups CHAP. VII Of Conserves SEeing the virtue of Flowers may be easily dissipated it can scarce be long retained integral but is much impaired with coction and time and often resolved Now that it may be retained Flowers are wont to be condited in Sugar or Honey and a Compound is made that may be preserved for many months and years without any great impairing of virtue whence it is properly called a Conserve whereof we have two different kinds Conservarum differentia the one is liquid and soft which will yield to the pressure of ones finger wherein is left some lentor the other dry which is much more solid and made into Pastils or Trochisks to which our fingers rather yield But because all Flowers have not a like compact substance or like temper they are not all condited after the same manner nor require the same quantity of Sugar in their conditure Those that are more humid should taleby a day or two in a place neither too humid nor too hot that their superfluous humidity may be resolved Those that are dryer by how much they are more fresh and succulent by so much the better Amongst the more humid whereof Conserves are made we reckon the Flowers of Water-lillies Roses Succory Violets Borage and Bugloss amongst the dryer Flowers of Sage Hyssop Rosemary Oranges Jasmine Betony Peach-trees and many other Simples which are seldome or never condited The more humid require a greater quantity of Sugar to their confection the dryer a less to some an equal weight of Sugar is sufficient to other half their weight to many twice their weight to Roses and Water-lillies thrice their weight is requisite Some are integrally mixed with twice their weight or a sufficient quantity of Sugar and are set to be insolated one or two months according to the crassitude or tenuity of the Flowers Others as Roses after their purgation from the white Conserva rosarum qui fiat whereby they are fastned to the bud and their triture in a stone morter with a pestel of Box wood are mixed exquisitely with thrice their weight of Sugar and then reposed in an earthen pot well leaded and are well covered with a paper not forated lest the virtue of the Flowers should be dissipated This done the vessel is insolated by the space of a whole month or forty dayes for hereby the Conditure is excellently fermentated the heat of the Sun permeating every part thereof if it be stirred twice or thrice a week with a Spatula which is effected without any dissipation of its virtues or odour Some immerge and perfectly mix integral Flowers sometimes and oft braying in Sugar melted and cocted to the consistency of an Electuary which when it is cold they put in boxes and insolate it If in the conditing a little juice of Lemmon be injected Quomodo conserva rubra fiat it will attain a red and lively colour that it will not lose in a years space if it be reposed in a Vessel while it is hot for afterwards refrigerating a certain scum or crust arises upon the superficies which preserves the colour odour and virtue longer Conserves are seldome made of leaves because their substance is more compact and quality less dissipable for they may be brought from far Countreys without impairing their virtues Yet some which have excellent faculties posited in their superficies cannot be dryed without damage as Sorrel and Capillus veneris And therefore Conserves may well be made of them well purged as of Monspelian Maidens hair which is accounted the best as many other Simples abundant in that Countrey Yet have I heard the City Monspelier more commended for Medicks than Medicaments However excellent Conserves of Maidens-hair is carried from Monspelier to all the Countreys in France which is made of an equal quantity of pulverated Sugar and cleansed Leaves brayed and mixed together after insolated so long as is convenient Some hold this