Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	call_v	earth_n	sea_n	3,957	5	6.9260	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54672	The original and growth of the Spanish monarchy united with the House of Austria extracted from those chronicles, annals, registers, and genealogies that yeild [sic] any faithful representation how the houses of Castile, Aragon and Burgundy became knit and combin'd by Thomas Philipot ...	Philipot, Thomas, d. 1682.	1664 (1664)	Wing P1998; ESTC R2459	116,519	274

which Patronage was ratified to the Successors of this Robert by the Indulgent Bounty of the Emperour Frederick Barbarossa about the Year 1164. so that being under the constant Tuition of Flanders it was esteemed a Limb of that Province yet had the Bishops a separate Jurisdiction and were of that Eminence and Latitude of Power that the Bishop of Cambray was under the Repute and Notion of a Prince of the Empire It was several times sometimes by Assault and sometimes by Stratagem forced to bow to the Dominion of the French who having disobliged the People by their disorders and irregular Exorbitances were expuls'd in the time of Lewis the eleventh and then it continued under the Character of a Free City Province though shadow'd still with the Protection of Flanders until the Year 1543. a Citadel was here established by Charles the fifth which could not rescue it from being surprized in a sudden Camisade by the Duke of Alenzon but being not long after retrived by the Courage and Virtue of the Spanish Arms it hath ever since remained annexed to the Patrimonial Inheritance of the Crowne of Spain The Spanish Interest in Italy SICILY is the first place in Italy which swells the Bulk of the Spanish Greatnesse and made its Interest so considerable to its Enemies and useful to its Friends in all its scattered Territories It is environed with the Lower or Tyrrhenian Sea and contains Seven hundred Miles in Compasse and by elder Conjectures was supposed in Ages of a higher ●limax to have been united to Italy being then a Demy-Island or Peninsula such as Peloponnesus and joyned to the Continent by some narrow Isthmus Indeed the Narrownesse of the Straight thr ●hallownesse of the Water in the Phare the Brittlenesse of the Shore on either side being full of Caves and Chinks wrought in it by the violent Onsets of the Sea and then the City Rhegium situated on the Cal●brian Coast and almost opposite to Messina which imports a Breach or Cutting off from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifies to Break off do evince to us by probability of Circumstances that Sicily was one piece with the adjacent Continent until the violence of Earth-quakes and the impetuous Futy of the Waters and Waves did dislodge and consume the earth which tyed it to Italy It was once called Trinacria because it extends it self into the Sea with three Capes or Promontories viz. 1 Pelorus now Capo de Foro. 2 Pachinus now Capo Passaro and Lilybaeum now Cape Boij or Coro The first Inhabitants that History represents to us to have possest this Country are those vast Giants Recorded in the Odysses of Homer under the Appellation of the Laestrygones and Cyclops These were afterwards supplanted and discarded by the Sicani a People of Spain who called it Sicania But these new Invaders being not long after rooted out by the Siculi who were driven out of Latium by Evander and his Areadians and forced to seek new Habitations here it abandoned the Name of Sicania and assumed that of Sicily At their first Landing they built the City of Zancle called afterwards Messana together with Ne● Hybla Catana and Leontium After them came another Italian Colony styled the Morgetes being forced hither by the Oenotrians and fixed their Residence in that part of the Island where they erected the City Morgentum and adopted it into their own Surname The first of the Greeks who Invaded it were the Chalcidians a People of the Isle of Euboea now called Negropont to whom the City of Naxos owed its first Foundation and after Archias of Corinth and his Retinue of Adventurers by whom Syracusa Famous in elder Times for the Petalismus or Banishment of Citizens by having their Names writ in an Olive Leaf was first built or else very much enlarged and adorned Next them the Rhodians and Cr●tians sent some Colonies hither the first Founders of Gela and after of the so much Celebrated City of Agrigentum And not long after a new Stock of Planters built Heraclia The Citizens of Megaris another State of Greece transmitted a Colony also who built S●linus And so did those of Messene or Mycena also who taking the Town of Zancle from the Siculi new beantified it and being thus repaired fixt on it the Name of Messana Nor can we deem the Tyrians and Phaenicians such Noted Undertakers of Publique Businesse● would be so stupidly unactive not to attempt nothing when so rich and eminent a prey did invite their Industry for we find they attaqued the Promontories of Pachinus and Lilybaeum and some of the adjoyning Islands and Forti●ied them the better to secure and improve the Trade they had established in Sicily But these several Colonies being broken into several Interests and Factions Combined not together in the Design of an absolute Conquest but planting themselves on the Shore did not discard the Name of the Island by which they found it distinguished upon their first Eruption After this Island by these particular Onsets and Impressions fell under the Cognisance of the Greeks from all their principal Cities Colonies issued out who Inhabited the Sea-Coasts of the Country but so as they never Concentered in a Common Body but had their several ends and particular Interests whereby they came to be split into many Factions and sacrificed as a Prey to as many Tyrants Phalaris over-ruling Agrigentum Panaetius at Leontium Gelon at Syracusa Cleander at Gela and when one Faction was too Impotent to obviate or resist the other they called in several Forraign Nations to support their Quarrel For on this Foundation the Carthaginians were called in by the Messanians against the Agrigentines And on the same Principle was managed the Peloponnesian War the Athenians Combining with the Leontines ●nd the Spartans with the Syracusans in which the whole Power of Athens was broken by Sea and Land and their two Generals Nicias and Demosthenes offered up to an untimely and Bloody Fate in prison But because Syracusa was a City of the most eminent Authority and of the greatest Influence over the rest the state and Affairs of that City are made more visible by History than those which have an Aspect upon the Towns or Communities of this Island The Government at first was popular as it was in most of the Greek Colonies according to the Platforms and Models they transported with them and was but newly transplanted into the Aristocratical when Gelon erected his Kingdome here about twenty years after the expulsion of Tarquins at Rome whom with as many Succeeded in the Royal Dignity take in this subsequent Register A. M. 3465. 1. Gelon taking advantage of the Contests in Syracusa betwixt the Magistrates and People made himself Master of the City and was Chosen King 7. A. M. 3472. 2. Hiero the first Valiant but rude and Covetous A. M. 3484. 3. Thrasibulus Brother to Hiero whose Government was so Barbarous and Insupportable that he Swayed but ten Months A. M. 3544. 4. Dionysius

Maiz and plenty of Cocas the Leaves whereof being dried and formed into Lozenges are exceeding useful in a journey for melting in the mouth they appease both hunger and thirst and preserve a man in his strength and his Spirits in vigor and though the Cattel of Europe brought hither in a considerable quantity are not multiplyed to any great increase yet is that defect supplied by Beasts called Vicagues in Resemblance somewhat like a wilde Goat which in infinite numbers graze in their woods and pastures and great store of Sheep by the Natives called Pacos profitable for Fleece and Burden as big as a small breed of Horses but in relish as pleasing as our Mutton and no lesse conducing to nutriment A Creature so well acquainted with his own abilities that when he is over-pressed with a burden no force or violence shall engage him to move forward untill his load be abated and of so cheap a Diet that very litle suffices him passing sometimes for the continuance of three dayes without any water Nor is the Peruvian Fig-tree to be forgoten the North-part of which respecting the Mountains produces its Fruits in Summer onely the Southern part having an aspect upon the Sea is fruitful onely in Winter and secondly that Beast called the Huanacu exacts our Remembrance of that regard to their Females that the Males stand sentinel on the hills whilest they are feeding in the vallies and if any men approach they by some clamorous notice intimate to them the invasion and if they are pursued they descend to bring up the rear that by interposing their own bodies they may secure their retreat from danger Another plant the Relations of Peru informe us of but do not discover the name which being placed in the hand of a sick man will by some Symptomes give testimony whether he shall live or die for if on the pressing of it his Visage be Cheerful it is an assured sign of his recovery as otherwise if sad and troubled a certain index of ensuing death Nor is Peru defective in Rarities of Nature even in things inanimate for here is affirmed to be a Lake near the Mines of Pot●si whose water is so hot though the circumabient Region be exceeding cold that they who bath themselves are not able to sustain its Heat if they depart and wade some distance from the Bank there being a Boyling in the midst of above twenty Foot square a Lake which never does decrease though they have drawn a considerable stream to be subservient to their Mines of Silver As for the Inhabitants they are people of no great knowledge yet great Dissemblers being never drawn to discover their conceptions freely They are ignorant of Letters but bold in War and dexterous in the managery of those Weapons they have been accustomed to nor do they resent Death with any Fear being prompted to this Confidence by an Opinion that after Death they shall eat drink and make their Love addresses to Women At the Funeral of any eminent person they offer up one or two of his Servants as an Oblation to his Sepulchre being egged on to this inhumanity by the former opinion to attend him in the world to come In their Habit they are conformable to other Savages onely those attire their upper parts with some decent Garment but expose the other Members to publique view being bare and naked But this is onely near the Aequator both Sexes else wearing Mantles pendulous to their feet Habited generally in one Fashion unlesse in the Attire of their Heads wherein they almost all disagree from each other each retaining his mode to himself The Women here are treated as Slaves and sometimes upon trivial Accidents cruelly beaten the Men being prompted to this Barbaritie by being given up to Sodomie and other unnatural uncleannesse Peru is divided into Quito a Province of a fertile Soile well stored with Cattel plentifully furnished with Fish and Fowl great quantity of Nitre and replenished with Rivers some of which have their sand enamelled with veins of Gold the people are strong and healthy industrious in the making of Cottens almost proportionate to Silk in finenesse but given to dissembling the disorders of drink and other vices which renders it difficult to reclaim them from their ancient Barbarisme and makes them unapt for any Tincture or impression of the Christian Faith Secondly Los Quix●s somewhat more barren then Quit● whose people have distinct a Tongue of their own though they both understand and speak the common Per●vian Language Thirdly Lima or Los Reys ennobled with the Mines of Castro Verreyna from whence is extracted Silver of the purest Complexion Fourthly Cusco a Province blest with a calme and temperate Air not fretted or over-scalded with the scorching reflections of the Sun nor made drowsy dull with the distempers of Evening Mists and whose Soile is full of Rivers and Pasturage which makes it to be furnished with Deer and other Herds of Cattel nor is it wanting in Coca which is here gathered in some abundance or defective in Mines of Gold or Quick-silver very subservient to the easie extraction and purifying of the former noble Metal the first being discovered at St. Juan del Ore in the Valley of Carravayan and the second being traced out in the year 1566 near the Town of Guancabelica Fifthly Callao a Country well stored with fertile Pastures and those pastures furnished with Herds of Cattel but barren of Corn and not well furnished with Maiz whose defect is supplied by Bread composed of a Root call'd Ropa dryed in the Sun bruised to powder Its Inhabitants are of a more clear and solid Judgement then the rest of Peru and so dextrous in the observations of the Course of the Moon that the Spaniards upon their first Discovery of this Province found the Year distinguished into Months Days and Years for each of which they had a proper and significant Name In this Province is the so much fam'd Lake of Titicaca in which twelve Rivers are reported to lose themselves in compasse 80. Leagues and usually Navigable with Barks and Ships the waters are not so salt as that of the Sea but so thick that they are in no capacity to be drank By a fair water-course or River i● glides into a lesse Lake called Aulaga and thence most probably by some indistinguishable recesses empties it self into the Sea Sixthly Los Ch●rc●s a Province not very plentiful in Corn or Cattel though in many places furnished with excellent Pasturage but its eminence arises from the inexhaustible Mines of Porco and P●tosi which makes it to be unparrallel'd with any Province in Peru. The Mine of Potosi is two hundred Fathom deep to which they do descend with Ladders made of raw Hides eight hundred steps some of the Workmen not seeing the Sun many months together For the refining of this Silver there are 52. Engines or Silver-mills upon a River near unto it 22. more in the Valley of

Tarapia near adjoyning besides many which they turn with Horses and from these Peruvian Mines as from some bottomlesse Exchequer does the King of Spain load that Fleet whence he extracts so much Income and profit Peru and the Provinces circumscribed within the Limits of it were discovered and conquered from Arabaliba the Inga or Emperour of Peru by Pizarr● his Complice Diego de Almagr● 1528. first of which more to secure his Conquests erected Lima Truxillo named so from Truxillo a Village in Navarre where Pizarr● was born and educated Arned● and other Colonies but yet the Conquest was not so perfected by these two Commanders above-mentioned but that Gil●s Ramirez first in the Year 1559 and Don Francis de Toledo afterwards in the Year 1565. by Building of Oropes● in Charra● and establishing Colonies in the other Provinces brought this vast Kingdome to the full Obedience of the Spanish Scepter Nova Granada or the new Realm of Granada is shut in on the North with Castella Aurea on the West with Mare del Zur on the East with Venezuela on the South with the Hills and unpassible Mountains and Countries not yet discovered It is divided into Granada properly so called and Popayna Granada hath an Air well tempered the Country is full of Woods amongst which Guia●um so medicinable for the Malady of France grows in great abundance the soil is of great fertility well stored with Corn and Pasturage which affords a Feeding to many Herds of Cattell it is enriched likewise with some veins of Gold and other Metals and that part which is called Tunia exhibits plenty of Emeralds The People are tall and strong of Constitution but not very industrious they wholly devoting their time to Songs and Dances The Women are of a white and more clear Complexion than their Neighbours and more handsomely attired being apparelled in Black or party-coloured Mantles girt about their middles their Hair ●ied up and covered with Chaplets artificially composed and intermixed with Flowers Popayna is a Country which being over-cloid with rain produces little Maiz lesse Wheat and almost no Cattel The People were anciently Man-eaters and as rude as any now more industrious and accostable than the other Americans especially about Popayana where the Soile is better tempered then in other places Both these Provinces were reduced to the Signorie of Spain by Gonsalvo Ximines de Quesada and Sebastian de Betalcasar the first sub●ued Granada 1536. and the last mastered Popayana not long after and styled it so from the Name of a King which then Governed it at the Conquest by the Command and Influence of Francis Pizarro Governour of Peru. Castilia del Oro is bounded on the East and North with Mare del Noort on the West with Mare del Zur and some part of Veragua on the South with the New Realme of Granada It is divided into Panama Darie●e Nova Andalusia St Martha and Rio de la Hach Panama hath an Air foggy but exceeding hot and consequently the Soil is either Mountainous and barren or Low and mirey naturally uncapable of Grain and productive onely of Maiz and that but sparingly more devoted to pasturage the goodness of it upon the first approach of the Spaniard the Country was almost over-run with Swine but being destroyed that Nation now complains as much of their defect as they did before of their abundance As for the Inhabitants most of the old stock being almost rooted out by the Spanish Massacres and no new ones planted in their room the Country in all parts except towards the Sea is almost desolate and forsaken Darie●e hath an Air well tempered and a fruitful Soil very happy in the production of Melons and other Fruits ripening here in twenty Dayes after they are sown and with the same felicity does it yeild an increase of Grapes either congenial hereunto or else transported from Europe A Tree here is called Hov● whose Shade is reputed so wholsome that the Spaniards covet to sleep under the shadow out of the Blossoms they distill a perfumed water out of the Bark they compose a Bath prevalent to open the pores and redresse wearinesse and out of the Roots they extract a Liquor fit for Beverage of Beasts and Fowl both wilde and tame there is exceeding plenty and some of them not discoverable in other places Nova Andalusia is Mountainous and full of Woods but those woods abound with great store of Rosin-gums and ●ome kind of Balsams Here is said to be a Tree which whosoever touches is in danger to contract a Ruine by poyson Our Europian Fruits transplanted hither prosper not because the Soile being obnoxious to abundance of Rain becomes moist and soggie This Province is interlaced with few veins of Gold onely in that part of it which is called Zena the Spaniards at their first Arrival found much Treasure not digg'd out of the Entrails of the Earth but deposited in the Tombs and Repositories of the Dead such being the reputed Sanctity of this Region that the bordering Nations brought their Dead to be Enterred here with great quantity of Gold Jewels and other Riches The Natives were fierce and bold whilst they were a People but being wasted in those Contests which intervened between them and the Spaniards the populacy of this Province is now thin and empty and their Courage much broken and debased St. Martha hath a Soil barren and unfruitful not capable of Pasturage or Tillage it being made knotty by a long Ridge of Mountains called by the Spaniards La● Sierras Nievadas or the Snowy Hills yet notwithstanding the Air which hovers on the Sea-Coast is in its temper Hot and Scalding though it be again fann'd and qualified with the Breezes of the Mid-land parts which are Cold and Freezing which combination of Heat and Cold peradventure renders the Soile productive of Limons Oringes Pomgranates and such other fruits as are transplanted or transported out of Spain The Inhabitants are affirmed to be of a rough and Arrogant Nature some of whom by the advantage of the Mountains of Tairona called so from a Neighbouring Valley of that name have preserved their Liberty against the Spaniard the residue though they retain their several Kings are yet in subjection to the Spaniard whose Government they submit to with much unwillingnesse and Regret Rio de la Hacha is a fifth Province which summons our Notice It is a Territory of a small circuit confining on the North-east of St. Martha environed on two sides with the main Ocean and on the third which is that of the East shut in with the spacious Arm of the Sea called Golfo de Venezuela the extremities hereof North west have borrowed the Denomination of Cabo la Vela and those on the North-East the Appellation of Cabodi Coqui Boccoa The whole Province borrowed its Name from the Town and River of La Hacha which though it be but narrow in its Dimension and Estimate yet is it big enough to afford a Title to so