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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	call_v	earth_n	sea_n	3,957	5	6.9260	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51553	A tutor to astronomie and geographie, or, An easie and speedy way to know the use of both the globes, coelestial and terrestrial in six books : the first teaching the rudiments of astronomy and geography, the 2. shewing by the globes the solution of astronomical & geographical probl., the 3. shewing by the globes the solution of problems in navigation, the 4. shewing by the globes the solution of astrological problemes, the 5. shewing by the globes the solution of gnomonical problemes, the 6. shewing by the globes the solution of of [sic] spherical triangles : more fully and amply then hath ever been set forth either by Gemma Frisius, Metius, Hues, Wright, Blaew, or any others that have taught the use of the globes : and that so plainly and methodically that the meanest capacity may at first reading apprehend it, and with a little practise grow expert in these divine sciences / by Joseph Moxon ; whereunto is added Antient poetical stories of the stars, shewing reasons why the several shapes and forms are pictured on the coelestial globe, collected from Dr. Hood ; as also a Discourse of the antiquity, progress and augmentation of astronomie.	Moxon, Joseph, 1627-1691.; Hood, Thomas, fl. 1582-1598.	1659 (1659)	Wing M3021; ESTC R23159	189,557	267

left bare without Cullers is the limits of the Water The Land is either Continents or Ilands A Continent is a great quantity of Land not interlaced or separated by the Sea in which many Kingdomes and Principalities are contained as Europe Asia Affrica America An Island is a part of the Earth environed round with Waters as Britain Java S. Laurence Isle Barmudas c. These again are sub-divided into Peninsula Istmus Promontorium A Peninsula is almost an Island that is a track of Land which being almost encompassed round with Water is joyned to the firm Land by some little Istmus as Molacca in the East-Indies c. An Istmus is a little narrow neck of Land which joyneth any Peninsula to the Continent as the Straits of Dariene in Peru and Corinth in Greece Promontorium is some high Mountain which shooteth it self into the Sea the utmost end of which is called a Cape as that great Cape of Good Hope and Cape Verde in Africa The Water is either Ocean Sea Straits Creeks or Rivers The Ocean is that generall collection of all Waters which invironeth the whole Earth on every side The Sea is a part of the Ocean to which we cannot come but through some Strait as Mare Mediterraneum Mare Balticum and the like These two take their names either from the adjacent places as the Brittish Ocean the Atlantick Sea c. or from the first discovere as Mare Magellanicum Davis and Forbishers Staits c. Or from some remarkable accident as Mare Rubrum from the red colour of the Sands Mare Aegeum Pontus Euxinus and the like A Strait is a part of the Ocean restrained within narrow bounds and opening a way to the Sea as the Straits of Gibralter Hellespont c. A Creek is a crooked shoar thrusting out as it were two armes to imbrace the Sea as Sinus Adriaticus Sinus Persicus c. A River is a small branch of the Sea flowing into the Land as Thames Tiber Rhine Nilus c. Now that these Lands Ilands Towns Seas Rivers c. may at the first search be found upon the Globe all Geographers have placed them thereon according to Longitude and Latitude VII Longitude The Longitude is an Arch of the Equator comprehended between the first Meridian and the Meridian of the Place you inquire after It is numbred on the Equator from the West to the Eastwards with 10 20 30 to 360. degrees till it end where it began VIII Latitude The Latitude is an Arch of the Meridian comprehended between the Equator and the place enquired after It is numbred on the Meridian from the Equator both waies viz. North and South till it come to the Poles or 90 degrees Thus much may serve for the description of the Terestrial Globe I therefore come to treat of the Celestial CHAP. III. Of the Celestial Globe or the Eighth Sphear represented by the Celestial Globe its motion and of the Circles Lines Images Stars c. described thereon I. Of the eighth Sphear THe eighth Sphear which is the starry Heaven is represented by the Celestial Globe because upon the Convexity of it all the Stars and visible appearances are placed according to the order that they are situated in the concavity of the eighth Sphear It is called the eighth Sphear because between it and us are contained seven other Heavens or Sphears as 1. the Moon 2. Mercury 3. Venus 4. the Sun 5. Mars 6. Jupiter 7. Saturn and eighthly the starry Heaven The antients have made the Systeme of the world to consist of 2 other Sphears called the Chiristiline Heaven and the Primum Mobile or first Mover as in the following figure is represented A figure wherein may be seen the Composition of the whole frame of the World II. Of the Motion of the eighth Sphear There hath bin attributed to the eighth Sphear a twofold motion the one called its Diurnal Motion which is made from East to West upon the Poles and Axis of the World And the other called its Second motion which is made from West to East upon the Poles and Axis of the Ecliptick The Diurnal motion is caused by the violent Motion of the Primum Mobile for in 24 hours it carries along with it not only the eighth Heaven or Orb of fixed Stars but the Orbs of the Sun the Moon and all the rest of the Planets It is called the Diurnal Motion because it is finished in one Day The second Motion is unproperly attributed to the eighth Sphear it being indeed the Motion of the Equinoctiall tho Authors sometimes carelesly mention the one insteed of the other Therefore in the next Section where I treat of the Equinoctial I shall at large explain unto you the nature of this mis-called Second Motion III. Of the Equinoctial The Equinoctial upon the Celestial Globe is the same line formerly called the Equator upon the Terrestrial only with this difference that the Equator remains fixt upon the Terrestrial Globe but the Equinoctial upon the Celestial Globe is moveable or at least must be imagined to move contrary to the Diurnal motion from West to East upon the Poles of the Ecliptick I say imagined to move because in the Heavens it doth really move tho on a material Globe it would be inconvenient to make a moveable Equinoctial and therefore it hath one fixed which for this and the next age will sufficiently serve without much deviation from the truth it self Now that the difference between the Equator upon the Terrestrial Globe and the Equinoctial upon the Celestial may be proved and the motion of the Equinoctial be the better understood I shall only bring this example All places that were formerly under the Equator do and will keep the same Longitude and remain still under the Equator as may be proved by comparing the Ancient and modern Geographers together but those Stars that were formerly under the Equinoctial do not keep the same Longitude nor remain under the Equinoctial because the Equinoctial as aforesaid hath a motion from West to East upon the Poles of the Ecliptick But the Stars being fixed in their one Sphear like knots in wood and therefore move not are by the Precession of the Equinox left behind the Equinoctial Colure and so are caused to alter their Longitude as by comparing the Observations of ancient and modern 〈◊〉 together it will appear for about 346 years before Christ the first Star in the Rams horn was by the Egyptian and Grecian Astronomers observed to be in the Equinoctial Colure and 57 years ago when Tycho observed it was found to be in 27 degrees 37 minutes of ♈ So that in about 2000 years it is moved forwards 28 degrees and will according to Tycho's opinion finish its Revolution in 25412 years According to which motion I have Calculated this following Table for finding the Degrees and Minutes of the Equinoctial motion answerable to any number of years within the said Revolution ye deg m years deg m. 1

Triangle called also Delt●ton because it is like the fourth letter of the Greeks Alphabet Δ which they call Delta it consisteth of four stars They say it was placed in Heaven by Mercury that thereby the head of the Ram might be the better known Others say that it was placed there in honour of the Geometricians among whom the Triangle is of no small importance Others affirme that Ceres in times past requested Jupiter that there might be placed in Heaven some Figure representing the form of Sicilie an Island greatly beloved of Ceres for the fruitfulnesse thereof now this Island being triangular at her request was represented in the Heaven under that form Thus much concerning the Constellations of the Northern Hemisphear Now follow the Poeical Stories of the Constellations of the Southern Hemisphear Secondly Of the Southern Constellations 1. CETUS the Wha●● it is also called the Lion or Bear of the Sea This is that monstrous fish that should have devoured Andromeda but being overcome by Perseus was afterwards translated into Heaven by Jupiter as well for a token of Perseus his manhood as for the hugeness of the fish it self This constellation consisteth of 22. Stars 2. ORION this hath 38. Stars The Poetical reason of his translation into the Heaven shall be shewn in the Scorpion amongst the Zodietical Constellations The Ancient Romans called this Constellation Jugala because it is most pestiferous unto Cattel and as it were the very cut-throat of them There are bright Stars in his girdle which we commonly call our Ladies yard or wa●d Novidius applying this sword of Orion unto Scripture will have it to be the sword of Saul afterwards called Paul wherewith he persecuted the Members of Christ which after his conversion was placed in Heaven In his left shoulder there is a very bright Star which in Latine is called Bellatrix the Warriour in the foeminine gender I cannot find the reason except it be this that Women born under this Constellation shall have mighty tongues The reason of the Ox-hide which he hath in his hand may be gathered out of the next story 3. FLUVIUS the River it comprehendeth 34. Stars It is called by some Eridanus or Padus and they say that it was placed in Heaven in remembrance of Phaeton who having set the whole World on fire by reason of misguiding of his father Phoebus his charriot was slain by Jupiter with a thunder-bolt and tumbling down from Heaven fell into the River Eridanus or Padus which the Italians call Po. Others say that it is Nylus and that that Figure was placed in the Heaven because of the excellency of that River which by the Divines is called Gihon and is one of the Rivers of Paradice Others call it Flumen Orionis the flood of Orion and say that it was placed there to betoken the Off-spring from whence Orion came for the tale is thus reported of him Jupiter Neptune and Mercury travelling upon the earth in the likeness of Men were requested by Hyreus to take a poor lodging at his House for a Night they being overtaken with the evening yeilded unto his request Hyreus made them good cheer killing an Ox for their better entertainment The Gods seeing the good heart of the old man willed him to demand what he would in recompence of his so friendly cheer Hyreus and his Wife being old requested the Gods to gratify them with a Son They to fulfil his desire called for the hide of the Ox that was slain and having received it they put it into the Earth and made water into it all three together and covering it willed Hyreus within ten moneths after to dig it out of the Earth again which he did and found therein a Man-child whom he called Ourion ab Urina of piss although afterwards by leaving out the second letter he was named Orion At such time therefore as he was placed in Heaven this flood was joyned hard to his heels and the Ox hide wherein the Gods did piss was set in his left hand in memorial of his Off-spring 4. LEPUS the Hare which consisteth of 12. stars This Constellation was placed in Heaven between the legs of Orion to signifie the great delight in hunting which he had in his life time But others think it was a frivolous thing to say that so notable a fellow as Orion would trouble himself with so smal and timerous a beast as the Hare and therefore they tell the tale thus In times past there was not a Hare left in the Isle D●r●s a certain youth therefore of that Island being very desirous of that kind of beast brought with him from another Country thereabout an Hare great with young which when she had brought forth they in time became so acceptable unto the other Countrimen that every one almost desired to have and keep a Hare By reason whereof the number of them grew to be so great within a short space after that the whole Island became full of Hares so that their Masters were not able to find them meat whereupon the Hares breaking forth into the fields devoured their Corn. Wherefore the inhabitants being bitten with hunger joyned together with one consent and though with much ado destroyed the Hares Jupiter therefore placed this Constellation in the Heavens as well to express the exceeding fearfulness of the beast as also to teach men this lesson that there is nothing so much to be desired in this life but that at one time or an other it bringeth with it more grief then pleasure Some say that it was placed in Heaven at the request of Ganimedes who was greatly delighted with hunting the Hare 5. CANIS MAIOR the Great Dog it consisteth of 18. Stars It is called Sirins Canis because he causeth a mighty drought by reason of his heat This is the Constellation that giveth the name unto the Canicular or Dog-days whose beginning and end is not alike in all places but hath a difference according to the Country and Time as in the Time of Hypocrates the Phisitian who lived before the time of Christ 400 years the Canicular days began the 13. or 14. of July In the time of Avicenna the Spaniard who lived in the year of our Lord 1100. the Canicular days began the 15 16 or 17. of July In our Country they begin about S. James-tide but we use to account them from the 6. of July to the 17. of August which is the time when the Sun beginneth to come near unto and to depart from this Costellation Novidius will have it to be referred to Tobias Dog which may very well be because he hath a tail Tobias Dog had one as a certain fellow once concluded because it is written that Tobias his Dog fawned upon his Master therefore it is to be noted said he that he had a tail The Poets say that this is the Dog whom Jupiter set to keep Europa after that he had stolen her away and conv●ied her into Crete and for his

good service was placed in Heaven Others say that it was one of Orion his Dogs There belong unto this Constellation 11. Stars unformed 6. CANIS MINOR the Lesser Dog this of the Greeks is called Procyon of the Latines Ante Canis it containeth but two Stars Some say that this also was one of Orions Dogs Others rather affirm it to be Mera the Dog of Origone or rather of Icarius her father of whom mention is made in the Constellation of Bootes and Virgo This Dog of meer love to his Master being slain as is aforesaid threw him self into the River Anygrus but was afterward translated into Heaven with Origone Among the Poets there is great dissention which of the two should be the Dog of Origone some saying one and some the other and therefore they do many times take the one for the other 7. ARGO NAVIS the Ship Argo which comprehendeth 41. Stars this is the Ship wherein Jason did fetch the Golden Fleece from Colchis which was afterward placed in Heaven as a memorial not only because of the great Voyage but also because as some will have it it was the first Ship wherein any man sayled Their reason why this Ship is not made whole is that thereby men might be put in mind not to despair albeit that their Ship miscarry in some part now and then Some avouch it to be the Ark of Noe. Novidius saith it is the Ship wherein the Apostles were when Christ appeared unto them walking on the Sea In one of the Oars of this Ship there is a great Star called Canopus or Canobus which the Arabians called Shuel as it were a bone-fire because of the greatness thereof It is not seen in Italy nor in any Country on this side of Italy Some say that Canobus the Master of Menelaus his Ship was transformed into this Star 8. HYDRA the Hydre that hath 25. Stars and two unformed 9. CRATER the Cup or standing piece that hath seven Stars Some say that this was the cup wherein Tagathon that is the chief God mingled the stuff whereof he made the souls of Men. 10. CORVUS the Crow this hath seven Stars These 3. Constellations are to be joyned together because they depend upon one History which is this Upon a time Apollo made a solemne feast to Jupiter and wanting water to serve his turn he delivered a cup to the Crow the bird wherein he chiefly delighted and sent him to fetch water therein The Crow flying towards the River espyed a Fig-tree fell in hand with the Figs and abode there till they were ripe In the end when he had fed his fill of them and had satisfied his longing he bethought himself of his errand and by reason of his long delay fearing a check he caught up a snake in his bill brought it to Apollo and told him that the snake would not let him fill the Cup with water Apollo seeing the impudency of the bird gave him this gift that as long as the Figs were not ripe upon the Tree so long he should never drink and for a memorial of the silly excuse that he made he placed both the Crow Cup and Snake in Heaven 11. CENTAURUS the Centaure which comprehendeth 37. Stars Some say that this is Typhon others call him Chiron the Schoolmaster of those three excellent men Hercules Achiles and Aesculapius unto Hercules he read Astronomy he trained up Achilles in Musick and Aesculapius in Physick and for his upright life he was turned into this Constellation Yet Virgil calleth Sagit●arius by the name of Chiron In the hinder feet of this Constellation those stars are set which are called the Crosiers appearing to the Mariners as they fail towards the South Sea in the form of a crosse whereupon they have their name The four stars which are in the Garnish of the Centaures Spear are accounted by Proclus as a peculiar Constellation and are called by him Thyrsilochus which was a Spear compassed about with vine leaves but they are called by Copernicus and Clavius and other Astronomers the stars of his Target It should seem that they were deceived by the old translation of Ptolome wherein Scutum is put for Hasta i. e. the Target for the Spear as it is well noted by our Countryman M. R. Record in his Book intituled The Castle of knowledge 12 LUPUS the Wolf or the beast which the Centaùre holdeth in his hand containeth 19. stars the Poetical reason is this Chiron the Centaure being a just man was greatly given the worship of the Gods for which thing that it might be notified to all posterity they placed him by this beast which he seemeth to stick and thrust through with his Spear as it were ready to kill for sacrifice 13. ARA the Alter it is also called Lar or Thuribulum i. e a Chimney with the fire or a Censor It consisteth of seven stars and is affirmed of some Poets to be the Alter whereon the Centaure was wont to offer up his sacrifice But others tell the tale thus When as the great Gyants called the Tytans laboured as much as might be to pull Jupiter out of Heaven the Gods thought it good to lay their heads together to advise what was best to be done Their conclusion was that they should all with one consent joyn hands together to keep out such fellows and that this their league might be confirmed and throughly ratified they caused the Cyclops which were work-men of Vulcan to make them an Altar about this Altar all the Gods assembled and there sware that with one consent they would withstand their enemies afterwards having gotten the victory it pleased them to place this Altar in Heaven as a memorial of their League and a token of that good which unity doth breed 14. CORONA AUSTRINA the South Garland it hath 13. Stars Some say that it is some trifling Garland which Sagittarius was wont to wear but he cast it away from him in jest and therefore it was placed between his legs others call it the Wheel of I xion whereupon he was tormented for that great courtesy he would have offered unto Juno thinking indeed to have gotten up her belly but Jupiter seeing the impudency of the man tumbled him out of Heaven where by the licence of the Gods he was somtime admitted as a guest into Hell there to be continually tormented upon a Wheel The Figure of which Wheel was afterwards placed in Heaven to teach men to take heed how they be so saucie to make such courteous proffers unto other men wives The Greeks call this Constellation by the name of Uraniscus because of the Figure thereof For it representeth the palate or roof of the mouth which they call Uraniscus 15. The last is PISCIS AUSTRINUS or Notius the South Fish which comprehendeth 11. Stars besides that which is in the mouth thereof belonging to the water which runneth from Aquarius and is called by the Arabians Fomahant The reason why this Fish was placed

in the Heaven is uncertain yet some affirm that the daughter of Venus going into a water to wash her self was suddenly transformed into a fish the which fish was afterwards translated into Heaven The unformed Stars belonging unto this Constellation are six Thus much concerning the Constellations of the Northern and Southern Hemisphears now follow the Poetical Stories of the Zodiatical Constellations Thirdly Of the Zodietical Constellations 1. ARIES the Ram it is called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it containeth in it 13. Stars which were brought unto this Constellation by Thyestes the son of Pelops and brother of Atreus This is the Ram upon which Phrixus and Helle his sister the children of Athamas did sit when they fled from their step-mother Ino over the Sea of Hellespont which Ram was afterward for his good service translated into Heaven by Jupiter Others say that it was that Ram which brought Bacchus unto the spring of water when through drought he was likely to have perished in the desert of Lybia Novidius will have this to be the R●m which Abraham offered up in stead of his son Isaac The Star tha● is first in the head of the Ram is that from whence our ●ater Astronomers do account the Longitude of all the rest and it is distant from the head of Aries in the tenth Sphear 27. degrees 53. minutes The unformed Stars belonging unto this Constellation are five 2. TAURUS the Bull which consisteth of 23. stars This was translated into Heaven in memorial of the rape committed by Jupiter on Europa the daughter of Agenor King of Sidon whom Jupiter in the likeness of a white Bull stole away and transported into Candia Others say That it was 〈◊〉 the daughter of Inacus whom Jupiter loved and turned into the form of a Cow to the intent that Juno comming at unawares should not perceive what a part he had playd Jupiter afterward in memorial of that craftie conveyance placed that Figure in Heaven The reason why the Poets name not certainely whether it be a Cow or a Bull is because it wanteth the hinder parts yet of the most of them it is called a Bull. In the Neck of the Bull there are certain stars standing together in a cluster which are commonly called the seven Stars although there can hardly he discerned any more then six These are reported to be the seven daughters of Atlas called Atlan●iades whereof six had company with the immortal Gods but the seventh whose name was Merope being married unto Sysiphus a mortal man did herefore withdraw and hide her self as being ashamed that she was not so fortunate in matching her self as her sisters were Some say that that star which is wanting is Electra the eldest daughter of Atlas and that therefore it is so dim because she could not abide to behold the destruction of Troy but at that time and ever since she hid her face The reason why they were taken up into Heaven was their great pittie towards their father whose mishap they bewayled with continual tears Others say that whereas they had vowed perpetual virginity and were in danger to lose it by reason of Orion who greatly assayled them being overtaken with their love they requested Jupiter to stand their friend who translated them into stars and placed them in that part of Heaven The Poets call them Pleiades because when they rise with the Sun the Mariners may commit themselves to the Sea Others will have them to be so termed a pluendo because they procure rain Others give them this name of the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because they be many in number They be also called Vergiliae because they rise with the Sun in the Spring time likewise Athoraiae because they stand so thick together Our men●call them by the name of the seven Stars or Brood Hen. The Astronomers note this as a special thing concerning these stars that when the Moon and these stars do meet together the eyes are not to be medled withall or cured if they be sore their reason is because they be of the nature of Mars and the Moon Moreover there be five stars in the face of the Bull representing the form of the Roman letter V whereof one which is the greatest is called the Bull 's Ey They be called Hyades and were also the daughters of Atlas who so long bewayled the death of Hyas their brother slain by a Lion that they died for sorrow and were afterwards placed in Heaven for a memorial of that great love they bare to their brother The ancient Romans call the Bul 's Ey Parilicium or Palelicium of Pales their goddesse whose feast they celebrated after the conjunction of this star and the Sun The unformed stars belonging unto this Constellation are eleven 3. GEMINI the Twins it consisteth of 18. stars The Poets say they are Castor and Pollux the sons of Leda brethren most loving whom therefore Jupiter translated into Heaven Some say that the one of them is Appollo and the other Hercules but the most affirm the former The unformed stars of this Constellation are seven whereof one is called Tropus because it is placed next before the foot of Castor 4. CANCER the Crab it hath 9. Stars This is that Crab which bit Hercules by the heele as he fought with the Serpent Hydra i● the Fen Lerna and for his forward service was placed in Heaven by Juno the utter enemy of Hercules In this Constellation there are Stars much spoken of by the Poets although they be but small whereof one is called the Crib other two are the two Asses whereof one was the Asse of Bacchus the other of Vulcan whereon they rode to battel when as the Gyants made war with the Gods with whose braying and strange noise the Gyants were so scared upon the sudden that they forsook the field and fled The Gods getting the victory in tryumphing manner translated both the Asses and their manger into Heaven The unformed stars of this Constellation are four It is called animal re●rogradum for when the Sun cometh into his Signe he maketh Retrogradation 5. LEO the Lyon it hath 27. Stars this is that Lyon which Hercules overcame in the wood of Nemaea and was placed in Heaven in remembrance of so notable a deed Novidius saith this was one of the Lyons which were in the den into which Daniel was cast and was therefore placed in Heaven because of all other he was most friendly unto Daniel In the breast of this Constellation is that notable great Star the light whereof is such as that therefore it is called by Astronomers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Regulus i. e. the Victroy or little King among the rest The unformed Stars belonging to the Lyon are eight whereof three make the Constellation which is now called Coma Berenices that is the hair of Berenice This Constellation was first found out and invented by Canon the Mathematician but described by Calimachus the Poet.