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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A48292 Plain, and short rules for pointing periods, and reading sentences grammatically, with the great use of them by M. Lewis ... Lewis, M. (Mark), fl. 1678. 1675 (1675) Wing L1845; ESTC R12011 10,512 8

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or parts from one another by a sub-colon The Rule of a Sub-COLON A Sub-colon is used to distinguish membra dividentra in a large sense which are opposites or at least disparates At Angels are good or bad This totum is often suppressed and many times defer'd to the close of the Period Rules for a COMMA A Comma is used to distinguish Sentences that have a nearer relation one to another and a greater dependencie one upon another then membra dividentia have Such are 1. Membra subdividentia Sentences united by any Conjunction that do not come under any of the three former Rules the Vocative Case and Interjections 2. Exegetical expressions Substantives by apposition the Infinitive mood transposed or intercepting Clauses and such like These if we would be accurate ought to be distinguished by a lesser note then a Comma if we had any such because these have a nearer relation one to another then those under the former head This whole discourse may be an Example Enumerations are many times so Oratorically digested by pairs that they seem to be membra dividentia but are not As I am perswaded that neither life nor death nor princepalities nor powers nor things present nor things to come c. If the Case be so nice that you cannot determine whether there is only an enumeration or the Clauses are membra dividentia use such a distinction as will make the sense most plain with respect to the points above and below These are all the ordinary Points Grammarians have assigned but are too few as appears by the Rules for a Comma and may be further illustrated by this example following where there is the totum distinguished from its members by a Colon the principal membra dividentia by a sub-Colon the membra subdividentia by a Comma lastly you have exegetical expressions distinguished by sub-Comma's if there was such a Point I presume to add it and assign it this Character ● As God created the world first the Heavens where there is the Sun the fountain of light the Moon borrowing her light from the Sun the Stars varying their magnitudes the earth containing the Sea the confluence of water the dry land supporting living Creatures Here you see we are necessitated to use a sub-Comma or to use a Comma promiseuously Therefore in all cases that you may be distinct begin with as great a Point as the compass of your Period will bear In some cases it is tollerable to set the Point a note or two too high though besides the Rule because the sub-divisions being numerous are more subject to confusion and the end of Points is to make the Period distinct in its parts and intelligible in its sense As God created this great and wide abyss which we call the World and all the parts of it and first the Heavens where we have the highest or third heaven the blessed aboad of Saints and Angels then the heaven or firmament in which we behold the Sun the fountain of light and heat the Moon the governess of moist things borrowing her light from the Sun the Stars and Planets differing in magnitude light and influence from each other Then secondly this terraqueous Orb we call the Earth where is the Sea the confluence of waters and habitation of Fishes and dry land the house and nurse of men and beasts Lastly there is the Airy region in which the birds do play and sport themselves and without which no breathing Animal can live In this discourse you have three sorts of Period he first is periodus pendens set above the line the two next are periodi media set in the line the last is periodus supina set below the line You have also Comma's and sub-Comma's and all little enough Such a case as this is seldome occurs The greater members are distinguished from the lesser the lesser from the least by proportionable stops Doubtless a sub-Comma would be of great use in such Periods as this and to distinguish Sentences that are under the second head for a Comma I could heartily wish some persons of authority in the world would assert it As a key to this whole discourse I only beg some point to be certain I do not much matter which from which all the other Points may take their compass As in Ringing four Bells the second is usually made and therefore called the certain according to the motion of which the little Bell below and the greater Bells above do rise fall or keep their pitch So I would choose a sub-Colon certain and to be used only to distinguish membra dividentia in ordinary cases i.e. Clauses that are opposit or disparate What ever Sentences as in the Rules for a Comma are below this shall be Comma'd what ever are above it shall be Colon'd Absolute Sentence shall terminate in a Full point ordinarily In extraordinary cases extraordinary courses must be taken as in the last Example I purposely omit to say any thing of other Points because many Grammarians have spoken plainly enough to them I offer these Rules only as an Essay submitting them to better Judgments I hope by an accurate observation of all contextures they may be made more perfect I proceed to Rules directing to read Grammatically because neither Sentences nor Periods can be rightly distinguished unless the Natural and Grammatical order of them be first apprehended Rules for reading Grammatically R. 1. EVery Sentence consisteth of a Substantive called the Nominative Case and a Verb expressed or understood with their Dependents The Dependents of the Verb are those words which it affects with its motion mediately or immediately Except a Vocative Case and any word or clause having the import of a Sentence where the Verb is virtually These are sometimes Conjunctions Inter●ections Participles of the present and pretertense one Substantive after another by apposition the Infinitive Mood c with their Dependents You have Examples for these in the general Rules for Pointing R. 2. The Nominative Case begins the Sentence with which the Verb agrees Except a Conjunction the oblique Cases of Relatives Interrogatives or Partitives do begin the Sentence As What book dost thou read Thou didst meet with my brother whom thou didst salute he will direct what Book I shall read R. 3. The Nominative case stands before the Verb. Except it stands after the Verb to distinguish Demanding and Commanding from Shewing As Lovest thou dost thou love let a man love Love thou Except Nor neither or there do go before the Verb. As Neither can I learn how there came a man into my house R. 4. The Nominative case stands immediately before the Verb. Except a Genitive case or a Gerund in D● analogous to a Genitive case do come between As The lord of the Creatures was made after God's image An Adjective governing a Case a Participle a Relative a Conjunction with their Dependents may part the Nominative case and Verb. As A man doth labour may be thus parted A