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the_o ditch_n full_a of_o tough_a clay_n to_o keep_v out_o rain-water_n then_o make_v a_o pond_n in_o the_o nether_a part_n of_o it_o into_o which_o make_n drain_v under_o the_o ground_n as_o be_v teach_v in_o the_o experiment_n then_o raise_v the_o water_n by_o a_o engine_n or_o waterwork_n of_o the_o most_o fit_a sort_n for_o that_o place_n and_o purpose_n this_o work_n will_v quit_v the_o charge_n very_o well_o near_o london_n or_o in_o any_o place_n where_o hay_n and_o grass_n be_v at_o a_o good_a price_n a_o philosophical_a letter_n concern_v vegetation_n or_o the_o cause_n of_o fruitfulness_n i_o shall_v a_o little_a tell_v you_o what_o my_o thought_n be_v about_o vegetation_n and_o what_o i_o have_v within_o myself_o institute_v first_o i_o have_v frame_v a_o pretty_a large_a induction_n upon_o common_a and_o familiar_a experiment_n to_o demonstrate_v that_o without_o controversy_n salt_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o life_n and_o vegetation_n and_o so_o the_o subject_n of_o nutrition_n and_o this_o be_v assent_v to_o it_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o be_v consider_v whether_o salt_n as_o salt_n be_v this_o subject_n or_o whether_o all_o salt_n equal_o nourish_v here_o come_v in_o a_o examination_n of_o salt_n by_o their_o tribe_n as_o 1._o nitrous_a salt_n 2_o urinous_a salt_n in_o which_o be_v comprehend_v 3._o all_o dung_n horn_n shread_n and_o the_o like_a 4._o common_a salt_n and_o sea_n sand_n 5._o kaly_n salt_n as_o ash_n kelpe_n mineral_n salt_n as_o of_o stone_n or_o lime_n of_o marl_n chalk_n fullers-earth_n vitriol_n and_o because_o some_o salt_n do_v kill_v as_o that_o of_o vitriol_n also_o that_o of_o stone_n and_o lime_n if_o apply_v in_o quantity_n and_o to_o the_o plant_n itself_o immediate_o hence_o come_v the_o examination_n of_o salt_n further_o viz._n whether_o any_o salt_n do_v universal_o nourish_v all_o plant_n and_o make_v they_o thrive_v or_o whether_o some_o do_v best_o agree_v with_o one_o other_o with_o another_o and_o 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that_o a_o peculiar_a salt_n and_o whether_o can_v it_o be_v separate_v or_o not_o from_o it_o if_o water_n how_o come_v it_o to_o be_v unable_a to_o nourish_v without_o addition_n still_o of_o moisture_n if_o earth_n be_v none_o of_o all_o these_o what_o be_v it_o and_o what_o be_v its_o property_n and_o whether_o have_v it_o any_o energy_n and_o indeed_o this_o be_v a_o very_a necessary_a enquiry_n for_o my_o imbibition_n signify_v nothing_o if_o my_o earth_n be_v beforehand_o impregnate_v with_o another_o salt_n of_o perhaps_o a_o much_o different_a nature_n than_o what_o my_o plant_n imbibe_v do_v require_v and_o how_o shall_v i_o know_v this_o when_o all_o inquiry_n about_o the_o nature_n of_o earth_n their_o several_a salt_n disposition_n their_o use_n and_o necessity_n for_o germination_n and_o their_o several_a way_n of_o composition_n and_o correction_n be_v whole_o lame_a and_o unsought_a after_o 5._o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o water_n especial_o rain-water_n 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sharp_a and_o cold_a weather_n vegetation_n be_v not_o to_o be_v effect_v hence_o on_o the_o other_o side_n produce_v nothing_o simple_o unless_o in_o a_o soil_n first_o site_v and_o cold_a itself_o though_o not_o a_o fit_a season_n for_o germination_n yet_o permit_v of_o nutrition_n to_o many_o plant_n who_o have_v even_o their_o lustre_n then_o as_o the_o cypress_n the_o fir_n the_o bay_n with_o several_a other_o he_o therefore_o that_o will_v enter_v upon_o this_o great_a subject_n of_o promote_a vegetation_n must_v first_o know_v what_o thing_n be_v prinâ—ipalia_n what_o minus_fw-la principalia_fw-la tamen_fw-la necessaria_fw-la and_o what_o part_n to_o attribute_v to_o each_o viz._n the_o earth_n the_o salt_n the_o water_n or_o dew_n the_o warmth_n and_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o plant_n itself_o second_o he_o must_v serious_o weigh_v whether_o the_o subject_n of_o fermentation_n and_o thing_n that_o serve_v to_o excite_v and_o entertain_v heat_n be_v not_o of_o one_o kind_n subject_a of_o nutrition_n of_o another_o three_o whether_o fermentation_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o species_n of_o motion_n there_o may_v not_o be_v divers_a sort_n of_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o nature_n and_o diversity_n of_o the_o salt_n or_o other_o subject_n which_o cause_n it_o and_o whether_o according_a to_o this_o divers_a motion_n the_o subject_n of_o nutrition_n have_v in_o it_o also_o a_o vital_a principle_n may_v not_o be_v dispose_v more_o or_o less_o to_o take_v this_o or_o that_o figure_n last_o he_o must_v resolve_v the_o several_a casualty_n as_o i_o may_v call_v they_o of_o vegetation_n as_o why_o the_o earth_n put_v forth_o some_o plant_n sponte_fw-la not_o other_o why_o it_o very_o seldom_o put_v forth_o some_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o produce_v of_o other_o as_o botanist_n can_v tell_v you_o that_o many_o plant_n be_v rare_o or_o never_o find_v unless_o in_o plowed_a field_n either_o under_o corn_n and_o tillage_n or_o under_o fallow_a why_o water_n shall_v 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own_o upon_o they_o a_o extract_v out_o of_o another_o philosophical_a letter_n if_o i_o be_v to_o answer_v the_o question_n concern_v fertility_n i_o will_v in_o one_o word_n say_v that_o the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o open_n of_o the_o of_o seed_n and_o its_o become_a fruitful_a be_v the_o anima_fw-la or_o sal_fw-la natura_fw-la and_o that_o which_o be_v its_o deputy_n or_o loadstone_n and_o i_o think_v that_o this_o say_n will_v comprehend_v all_o those_o cause_n which_o the_o proposer_n of_o this_o question_n do_v very_o learned_o reckon_v up_o for_o hence_o though_o it_o be_v more_o than_o the_o husbandman_n know_v come_v all_o the_o plough_v and_o turn_v of_o the_o clod_n upside_o down_o that_o so_o fresh_a earth_n like_o a_o hungry_a loadstone_n may_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o light_n by_o which_o it_o may_v draw_v in_o that_o sal_fw-la natura_fw-la which_o do_v make_v it_o
which_o he_o tie_v the_o vine_n by_o this_o mean_v his_o vine_n have_v the_o reflection_n of_o the_o yard_n side_n of_o the_o house_n and_o tile_n do_v ripen_v very_o well_o and_o bear_v much_o so_o that_o one_o old_a vine_n have_v produce_v nigh_o a_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n in_o one_o year_n and_o i_o wish_v all_o to_o take_v this_o course_n which_o be_v neither_o chargeable_a nor_o troublesome_a but_o very_o pleasant_a and_o if_o all_o in_o this_o island_n will_v do_v thus_o it_o be_v incredible_a what_o abundance_n of_o wine_n may_v be_v make_v even_o by_o this_o petty_a way_n 2._o if_o that_o any_o gentleman_n will_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o make_v a_o vineyard_n let_v he_o choose_v a_o fine_a sandy_a warm_a hill_n open_a to_o the_o southeast_n rather_o than_o to_o the_o south-west_n for_o though_o the_o south-west_n seem_v to_o be_v hot_a yet_o the_o southeast_n ripen_v better_a as_o i_o have_v see_v in_o oxford_n garden_n because_o the_o southeast_n be_v soon_o warm_v by_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o morning_n and_o the_o south-west_n wind_n be_v the_o wind_n which_o blow_v most_o frequent_o and_o bring_v rain_n which_o refrigerate_v the_o plant_n and_o such_o a_o place_n be_v very_o requisite_a for_o in_o other_o place_n vine_n do_v not_o thrive_v even_o in_o france_n for_o if_o you_o travel_v betwixt_o paris_n and_o orleans_n which_o be_v above_o 30_o league_n yet_o you_o shall_v scarce_o see_v a_o vineyard_n because_o it_o be_v a_o plain_a champion-countrey_n so_o likewise_o betwixt_o fontarabia_n to_o bordeaux_n in_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o france_n for_o a_o hundred_o mile_n together_o because_o the_o land_n be_v general_o a_o barren_a sandy_a plain_n where_o only_a heath_n abound_v and_o pinetree_n out_o of_o which_o they_o make_v turpentine_n and_o resin_n by_o wound_v of_o they_o and_o tar_n and_o pitch_n by_o the_o burn_a of_o they_o and_o if_o any_o find_v such_o a_o fine_a warm_a hill_n and_o do_v dung_n and_o fence_v it_o well_o he_o have_v a_o great_a advantage_n of_o most_o of_o the_o vineyard_n of_o france_n by_o this_o conveniency_n than_o they_o have_v of_o our_o isle_n by_o be_v a_o hundred_o mile_n more_o south_n for_o most_o of_o their_o vineyard_n be_v in_o large_a field_n not_o enclose_v on_o land_n that_o be_v stony_a and_o but_o indifferent_o warm_a but_o some_o will_v say_v that_o wet_a weather_n destroy_v we_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o wet_a will_v destroy_v all_o thing_n sheep_n corn_n etc._n etc._n yet_o no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o therefore_o england_n will_v not_o produce_v and_o nourish_v these_o creature_n and_o if_o extraordinary_a wet_a year_n come_v they_o spoil_v even_o the_o vine_n in_o france_n but_o take_v ordinary_a year_n and_o our_o moisture_n be_v not_o so_o great_a though_o some_o abuse_v we_o and_o call_v england_n matula_n coeli_fw-la but_o the_o vine_n especial_o those_o i_o have_v mention_v before_o will_v come_v to_o such_o perfection_n as_o to_o make_v good_a wine_n and_o if_o extraordinary_a rain_n fall_v yet_o we_o may_v help_v the_o immaturity_n by_o ingenuity_n as_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o anon_o or_o at_o worst_a make_v vinegar_n or_o verjuice_n which_o will_v pay_v cost_n further_o these_o advantage_n we_o have_v of_o france_n 1._o this_o isle_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o nip_a frost_n in_o may_n as_o france_n be_v because_o we_o be_v in_o a_o isle_n where_o the_o air_n be_v more_o gross_a then_o in_o the_o continent_n and_o therefore_o not_o so_o pierce_a and_o sharp_a as_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o our_o winter_n which_o be_v not_o so_o sharp_a as_o in_o milan_n in_o italy_n neither_o be_v we_o subject_n to_o such_o storm_n of_o hail_n in_o summer_n which_o be_v very_o frequent_a in_o hot_a country_n and_o for_o many_o mile_n together_o do_v spoil_v their_o vine_n so_o that_o they_o can_v make_v wine_n of_o the_o grape_n for_o those_o grape_n which_o be_v touch_v by_o the_o hail_n have_v a_o sulphureous_a and_o a_o very_a unpleasant_a taste_n and_o only_o fit_a to_o make_v aquavitae_n further_o sometime_o in_o france_n cask_n for_o their_o wine_n be_v so_o dear_a that_o a_o tun_n of_o wine_n may_v be_v have_v for_o a_o tun_n of_o cask_n and_o the_o custom_n and_o excize_n which_o be_v lay_v on_o wine_n here_o be_v as_o much_o again_o as_o the_o poor_a vigueron_n in_o france_n expect_v for_o his_o wine_n not_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o ill_a manage_n of_o their_o vine_n especial_o about_o paris_n where_o poor_a man_n usual_o hire_v a_o acre_n or_o 2_o of_o vine_n which_o they_o manage_v at_o their_o spare_a hour_n and_o most_o common_o pack_v in_o so_o many_o plant_n of_o vine_n on_o their_o ground_n for_o to_o have_v the_o great_a increase_n that_o the_o ground_n and_o vine_n be_v so_o shade_v by_o one_o another_o that_o i_o have_v wonder_v that_o the_o sun_n can_v dart_v in_o his_o beam_n to_o mature_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o can_v but_o affirm_v again_o that_o we_o may_v make_v abundance_n of_o wine_n here_o with_o profit_n the_o charge_n of_o a_o acre_n of_o vineyard_n not_o be_v so_o great_a as_o of_o hop_n a_o hundred_o set_v well_o root_v at_o paris_n cost_v usual_o but_o 4_o or_o 6_o sous_fw-fr or_o penny_n where_o i_o have_v buy_v many_o 2000_o will_n plant_v a_o acre_n very_o well_o 50_o s._n a_o year_n be_v the_o ordinary_a rate_n for_o the_o three_o digging_n with_o their_o crooked_a instrument_n call_v hoyau_n and_o the_o increase_n usual_o four_o tun_n for_o a_o acre_n which_o will_v be_v profit_n enough_o and_o though_o i_o refer_v all_o to_o bonovil_n and_o other_o who_o have_v write_v of_o the_o manage_n of_o vine_n yet_o i_o counsel_v to_o get_v a_o vigneron_n from_o france_n where_o there_o be_v plenty_n and_o at_o cheap_a rate_n than_o ordinary_a servant_n here_o and_o who_o will_v be_v serviceable_a also_o for_o garden_v 2._o i_o will_v brief_o tell_v what_o i_o have_v see_v in_o italy_n through_o all_o lombardy_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n plain_a and_o champion_n their_o vine_n grow_v in_o their_o hedge_n on_o walnut-tree_n for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o which_o field_n they_o speak_v of_o three_o harvest_n yearly_a viz._n 1._o winter-corn_n which_o be_v reap_v in_o june_n etc._n etc._n 2._o vine_n and_o walnut_n which_o be_v gather_v in_o september_n 3._o their_o summer-grain_n as_o millet_n panicle_n chiche_n vetch_n etc._n etc._n buck-wheat_n frumentone_n or_o that_o which_o we_o call_v virginia-wheat_n turnip_n which_o they_o sow_v in_o july_n when_o their_o winter-corn_n be_v cut_v and_o reap_v they_o reap_v in_o october_n in_o france_n their_o vine_n grow_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n in_o proveâ—â—e_n they_o cut_v the_o vine_n about_o two_o foot_n high_a and_o make_v it_o strong_a and_o stub_a like_a as_o we_o do_v our_o osier_n which_o stock_n bear_v up_o the_o branch_n without_o a_o prop._n 2._o about_o orleans_n and_o where_o they_o be_v more_o curious_a they_o make_v frame_n for_o they_o to_o run_v along_o 3._o about_o paris_n they_o tie_v they_o to_o short_a pole_n as_o we_o do_v hop_n to_o long_o one_o in_o france_n they_o usual_o make_v trench_n or_o small_a ditch_n about_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n from_o one_o another_o and_o therein_o plant_v their_o vine_n about_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a deep_a which_o be_v a_o good_a way_n and_o very_o much_o to_o be_v commend_v but_o if_o we_o here_o in_o england_n plant_v vine_n as_o we_o do_v hop_n 4_o or_o 5_o foot_n distant_a it_o will_v do_v very_o well_o but_o let_v they_o not_o be_v pack_v together_o too_o thick_a as_o they_o do_v in_o france_n in_o many_o place_n lest_o they_o too_o much_o shade_v the_o ground_n and_o one_o another_o in_o italy_n when_o they_o tread_v their_o grape_n with_o their_o foot_n in_o a_o cart_n they_o pour_v the_o juice_n into_o a_o great_a vessel_n or_o fat_a and_o put_v to_o it_o all_o their_o husk_n and_o stone_n which_o they_o call_v grasp_v and_o let_v they_o ferment_n or_o as_o we_o say_v work_v together_o 12_o or_o 14_o day_n and_o usual_o they_o put_v one_o three_o of_o water_n to_o it_o this_o make_v a_o wine_n less_o furious_a garbo_n or_o rough_a and_o therefore_o a_o good_a stomach_n wine_n but_o it_o spoil_v the_o colour_n and_o take_v away_o the_o pleasant_a brisk_a taste_n in_o france_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v press_v out_o their_o liquor_n with_o their_o foot_n they_o put_v it_o in_o hogshead_n and_o after_o in_o their_o press_n squeeze_v out_o what_o they_o can_v out_o of_o the_o grasp_v which_o seem_v to_o fill_v up_o their_o hogshead_n while_o they_o work_v which_o be_v usual_o three_o or_o four_o day_n and_o then_o stop_v they_o close_o this_o be_v also_o the_o way_n use_v in_o germany_n and_o be_v the_o best_a
make_v deep_a trench_n oft-mowings_a chalk_v liming_n dung_v and_o plough_v i_o know_v where_o hungry_a guest_n horse_n soon_o make_v a_o end_n of_o they_o 6._o furze_n broom_n heath_n these_o can_v hardly_o be_v so_o destroy_v but_o at_o length_n they_o will_v up_o again_o for_o god_n have_v give_v a_o peculiar_a propriety_n to_o every_o kind_n of_o earth_n to_o produce_v some_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o plant_n which_o it_o will_v observe_v even_o to_o the_o world_n end_n unless_o by_o dung_n marle_n chalk_n you_o alter_v even_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o gallitia_n in_o spain_n where_o such_o barren_a land_n do_v very_o much_o abound_v they_o do_v thus_o first_o they_o grub_n they_o up_o as_o clean_a as_o they_o can_v of_o the_o great_a root_n and_o branch_n they_o make_v firewood_n the_o small_a stick_n be_v either_o employ_v in_o fence_v or_o else_o be_v burn_v on_o the_o ground_n afterward_o the_o land_n be_v plough_v twice_o at_o least_o they_o sow_v wheat_n and_o usual_o the_o crop_n be_v great_a which_o the_o landlord_n and_o tenant_n divide_v according_a to_o a_o compact_n then_o the_o ground_n rest_v and_o in_o three_o or_o four_o year_n the_o furze_n or_o broom_n will_v recover_v their_o former_a growth_n which_o the_o painful_a husbandman_n grub_v and_o do_v with_o it_o as_o former_o i_o set_v this_o down_o that_o you_o may_v see_v how_o laborious_a the_o spaniard_n be_v in_o some_o place_n the_o poverty_n of_o the_o country_n compel_v he_o to_o it_o 7._o there_o be_v other_o inconvenience_n in_o the_o land_n beside_o weed_n and_o trumpery_n viz._n ill_a tenor_n as_o copyhold_n knight-service_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o possessor_n can_v cut_v any_o timber_n down_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o when_o he_o die_v must_v pay_v one_o or_o two_o year_n rent_n perhaps_o more_o because_o there_o be_v no_o certain_a fine_a but_o be_v at_o the_o landlord_n mercy_n but_o these_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o poor_a husbandman_n to_o remedy_n i_o therefore_o pass_v they_o by_o yet_o hope_v that_o in_o little_a time_n we_o shall_v see_v these_o inconvenience_n remedy_v because_o they_o much_o discourage_v improvement_n and_o be_v as_o i_o suppose_v badge_n of_o our_o norman_a slavery_n to_o conclude_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o reasonable_a and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a encouragement_n to_o laborious_a man_n to_o improve_v their_o barren_a land_n if_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v recompense_n for_o what_o they_o have_v do_v according_a as_o indifferent_a man_n shall_v judge_n when_o they_o leave_v it_o as_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o flaunders_n wood_n i_o have_v likewise_o observe_v some_o deficiency_n in_o wood_n which_o i_o shall_v brief_o declare_v with_o the_o best_a way_n to_o remedy_v the_o same_o 1._o it_o be_v a_o great_a fault_n that_o general_o through_o the_o island_n the_o wood_n be_v destroy_v so_o that_o we_o be_v in_o many_o place_n very_o much_o necessitate_v both_o for_o fuel_n and_o also_o for_o timber_n for_o building_n and_o other_o use_n so_o that_o if_o we_o have_v coal_n from_o newcastle_n and_o board_n from_o norwey_n clap-board_n barrel-stave_n wainscot_n and_o pipe-stave_n from_o prussia_n we_o shall_v be_v bring_v to_o great_a extremity_n and_o many_o mechanic_n will_v be_v necessitate_v to_o leave_v their_o calling_n 2._o deficiency_n be_v that_o our_o wood_n be_v not_o order_v as_o they_o shall_v be_v but_o though_o wood_n shall_v be_v especial_o preserve_v for_o timber_n for_o building_n and_o ship_v yet_o at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v very_o rare_a to_o see_v a_o good_a timber-tree_n in_o a_o wood._n 3._o that_o many_o of_o our_o wood_n be_v very_o thin_a and_o not_o replenish_v with_o such_o sort_n of_o wood_n as_o be_v convenient_a for_o the_o place_n 4._o that_o we_o sell_v continual_o and_o never_o plant_v or_o take_v care_n for_o posterity_n these_o deficiency_n may_v be_v thus_o remedy_v 1._o to_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o statute_n against_o grub_v of_o wood_n which_o be_v sufficient_o severe_a it_o be_v well_o know_v we_o have_v good_a law_n but_o it_o be_v better_o know_v they_o be_v not_o execute_v in_o the_o wild_a of_o kent_n and_o sussex_n which_o lie_v far_o from_o the_o river_n and_o sea_n and_o former_o have_v be_v nothing_o but_o wood_n liberty_n be_v grant_v for_o man_n to_o grub_v what_o they_o please_v for_o they_o can_v want_v fire_v for_o themselves_o and_o they_o be_v so_o seat_v that_o neither_o firewood_n nor_o timber_n can_v be_v transport_v elsewhere_o i_o know_v a_o gentleman_n who_o proffer_v there_o good_a oak-timber_n at_o 6_o s._n 8_o d._n per_fw-la tun_n and_o the_o land_n in_o those_o part_n in_o general_n be_v very_o good_a about_o tunbridge_n there_o be_v land_n which_o former_o be_v wood_n be_v now_o let_v for_o 30_o s._n par_fw-fr acre_n so_o that_o to_o keep_v such_o land_n for_o wood_n will_v be_v both_o loss_n to_o the_o owner_n and_o to_o the_o island_n but_o in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o island_n it_o be_v otherwise_o and_o man_n be_v much_o to_o be_v blame_v for_o destroy_v both_o timber_n and_o fuel_n i_o have_v see_v at_o shooters-hill_n near_o london_n some_o wood_n stub_a up_o which_o be_v good_a ground_n for_o wood_n but_o now_o be_v nothing_o but_o furze_n which_o be_v a_o great_a loss_n both_o to_o the_o owner_n and_o to_o tbe_n country_n for_o the_o land_n be_v make_v worse_a than_o it_o be_v former_o i_o conceive_v there_o be_v land_n which_o be_v as_o natural_o ordain_v for_o wood_n viz._n mountainous_a craggy_a uneven-land_n as_o small_a hill_n for_o â—he_n vine_n and_o olive_n plain_a land_n for_o corn_n and_o low_o moist_a land_n for_o pasture_n which_o land_n if_o they_o be_v stub_a do_v much_o prejudice_n the_o commonwealth_n 2._o that_o all_o wood_n shall_v have_v such_o a_o number_n of_o timber-tree_n per_fw-la acre_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n there_o be_v a_o good_a law_n for_o that_o purpose_n but_o man_n delude_v both_o themselves_o and_o the_o law_n that_o they_o every_o felling_n cut_v down_o the_o stander_n which_o they_o leave_v the_o fell_n before_o lest_o perchance_o they_o shall_v grow_v to_o be_v timber_n and_o leave_v twelve_o small_a standard_n that_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o fulfil_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o statute_n but_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a fallacy_n and_o cause_v the_o statute_n to_o fail_v of_o its_o principal_a end_n which_o be_v to_o preserve_v timber_n 3._o the_o best_a remedy_n against_o thinness_n of_o wood_n be_v to_o plash_n they_o and_o spread_v they_o abroad_o and_o cover_v they_o partly_o in_o the_o ground_n as_o every_o countryman_n can_v direct_v by_o this_o mean_v the_o wood_n will_v soon_o grow_v rough_a and_o thick_a it_o be_v good_a husbandry_n likewise_o to_o fill_v your_o wood_n with_o swift_a grower_n as_o ash_n sallow_a willow_n asp_n which_o be_v also_o good_a for_o hop-pole_n hoop_n sycamore_n be_v also_o a_o swift_a grower_n in_o flaunders_n they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o poplar_n call_v by_o they_o abell-tree_n which_o speedy_o grow_v to_o be_v timber_n 4._o that_o some_o law_n be_v make_v that_o they_o which_o fall_v shall_v also_o plant_v or_o sow_v in_o bisâ—ay_o there_o be_v a_o law_n if_o that_o any_o cut_v down_o a_o timber-tree_n he_o must_v plant_v three_o for_o it_o which_o law_n be_v put_v into_o execution_n with_o severity_n otherwise_o they_o will_v soon_o be_v undo_v for_o the_o country_n be_v very_o mountainous_a and_o barren_a and_o depend_v whole_o on_o iron_n mine_n and_o on_o ship_n their_o wood_n be_v not_o copse_v there_o but_o only_o pollard_n which_o they_o lop_v when_o occasion_n serve_v i_o know_v one_o who_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o landlord_n to_o plant_v so_o many_o tree_n yearly_a which_o according_a he_o do_v but_o always_o in_o such_o place_n that_o they_o may_v not_o grow_v in_o france_n near_o to_o the_o border_n of_o spain_n they_o sow_v ashkey_n which_o when_o they_o grow_v to_o such_o a_o greatness_n that_o they_o may_v be_v slit_v into_o four_o quarter_n and_o big_a enough_o to_o make_v pike_n than_o they_o cut_v they_o down_o and_o i_o have_v see_v divers_a acre_n together_o thus_o plant_v hence_o come_v the_o excellent_a pike_n call_v spanish-pike_n some_o gentleman_n have_v sow_v acâ—rus_n and_o it_o be_v a_o good_a way_n to_o increase_v wood_n though_o the_o time_n be_v long_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o every_o one_o know_v that_o it_o be_v excellent_a to_o plant_v willow_n along_o the_o water_n side_n and_o ash_n nigh_o their_o house_n for_o fire_v for_o they_o be_v good_a piece_n of_o husbandry_n and_o it_o be_v pity_n that_o it_o be_v not_o more_o put_v in_o practice_n there_o be_v a_o gentleman_n in_o essex_n who_o have_v plant_v so_o many_o willow_n that_o he_o may_v lop_v 2000_o
his_o own_o ground_n and_o the_o seed_n proper_a for_o it_o and_o seldom_o pierce_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n he_o have_v marle_n lime_n stone_n chalk_n for_o the_o enrich_a his_o land_n and_o also_o loam_n and_o sand_n for_o his_o building_n often_o time_n fuel_n for_o fire_n etc._n etc._n it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o he_o to_o know_v all_o subterrany_n thing_n and_o to_o be_v a_o petty-phylosopher_n and_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o thing_n will_v be_v very_o beneficial_a for_o he_o and_o here_o i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o great_a deficiency_n among_o we_o viz._n that_o we_o have_v not_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o all_o the_o sand_n earth_n stones_n mine_n mineral_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v find_v in_o this_o island_n it_o will_v not_o only_o advance_v husbandry_n but_o also_o many_o other_o mechanic_n art_n and_o bring_v great_a profit_n to_o the_o public_a i_o hope_v some_o ingenious_a man_n will_v at_o length_n undertake_v this_o task_n for_o the_o lord_n have_v bless_v this_o island_n with_o as_o great_a variety_n as_o any_o place_n that_o be_v know_v as_o shall_v in_o part_n appear_v anon_o and_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o that_o great_a variety_n which_o be_v find_v near_o the_o spaw-water_n in_o knaresborough_n as_o doctor_n dean_n relate_v in_o his_o book_n call_v the_o english_a spa_n or_o the_o glory_n of_o knaresborough_n spring_v from_o several_a famous_a fountain_n there_o adjacent_a call_v the_o vitriol_n sulphurous_a and_o drop_a well_n and_o also_o other_o mineral_n water_n who_o word_n be_v these_o here_o be_v find_v not_o only_o white_a and_o yellow_a marle_n plaster_n ochre_n rudd_n rubric_n freestone_n a_o hard_a greet-stone_n a_o soft_a reddish-stone_n ironstone_n brimstone_n vitriol_n niter_n alum_n lead_v and_o copper_n and_o without_o doubt_n divers_a mixture_n of_o these_o but_o also_o many_o other_o mineral_n may_v perhaps_o be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o diligent_a search_n and_o industry_n of_o those_o who_o will_v take_v pain_n to_o labour_v a_o little_a herein_o print_a at_o york_n by_o thomas_n broad_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v in_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o stone-gate_n near_o to_o common-hall_n gate_n 1649._o this_o letter_n will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o make_v a_o complete_a natural_a history_n of_o the_o thing_n of_o this_o isle_n yet_o i_o shall_v relate_v divers_a thing_n which_o may_v be_v as_o hint_n to_o set_v some_o other_o to_o work_v which_o i_o have_v find_v in_o mr._n cambden_n and_o other_o and_o shall_v brief_o instruct_v the_o husbandman_n what_o he_o ought_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o his_o own_o and_o other_o good_a and_o first_o if_o he_o live_v nigh_o the_o sea_n let_v he_o take_v notice_n of_o those_o thing_n the_o sea_n cast_v up_o for_o it_o have_v even_o with_o we_o and_o also_o in_o ireland_n cast_v up_o ambergris_n which_o be_v worth_a so_o much_o gold_n with_o the_o which_o not_o long_o since_o a_o fisherman_n of_o plymouth_n grease_v his_o boot_n not_o know_v what_o it_o be_v sometime_o it_o cast_v up_o jet_n and_o amber_n as_o at_o whitbey_v often_o time_n in_o former_a time_n we_o have_v oyster_n which_o have_v very_o fair_a great_a pearl_n in_o they_o of_o good_a worth_n and_o at_o this_o time_n some_o of_o they_o be_v find_v in_o denbighshire_n coperas-stone_n likewise_o be_v find_v along_o by_o the_o seacoast_n of_o kent_n essex_n sussex_n hampshire_n out_o of_o the_o which_o corporas_fw-la be_v make_v a_o thing_n very_o useful_a for_o dyer_n currier_n etc._n etc._n further_a seaweed_n be_v not_o to_o be_v slight_v for_o in_o jersey_n they_o have_v no_o other_o fuel_n among_o they_o and_o here_o in_o england_n it_o be_v burn_v to_o make_v kelp_n for_o glasseman_n and_o be_v also_o very_o good_a manure_n for_o divers_a land_n also_o sea-owse_a be_v not_o only_o good_a to_o lay_v on_o land_n but_o at_o dover_n and_o other_o place_n the_o inhabitant_n make_v brick_n thereof_o call_v flanders-brick_n etc._n etc._n sea-sand_n in_o cornwall_n do_v very_o much_o enrich_v their_o land_n and_o in_o lancashire_n out_o of_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o sand_n they_o extract_v salt_n etc._n etc._n 2._o let_v he_o take_v notice_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o water_n which_o issue_n forth_o of_o the_o earth_n differ_v from_o the_o ordinary_a in_o colour_n odour_n taste_v for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v how_o advantageous_a these_o water_n be_v oftentime_o not_o only_o to_o particular_a man_n but_o also_o to_o the_o country_n about_o yea_o to_o the_o whole_a island_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o water_n of_o tunbridge_n in_o kent_n and_o of_o epsham_n in_o surrey_n knaresborough_n etc._n etc._n spa_n in_o yorkshire_n and_o by_o the_o allum-water_n in_o newenham_n in_o warwickeshire_n like_o milk_n in_o taste_n and_o colour_n and_o be_v excellent_a for_o the_o stone_n and_o wound_n and_o also_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o salt_n fountain_n in_o worcestershire_n and_o cheshire_n which_o furnish_v all_o those_o part_n with_o a_o excellent_a fine_a white_a salt_n by_o the_o hot_a bath_n in_o summersetshire_n and_o the_o lukewarm_a water_n by_o bristol_n etc._n etc._n at_o pitchford_n in_o shropshire_n be_v a_o fountain_n which_o cast_v forth_o liquid_a bitumen_n which_o the_o people_n use_v for_o pitch_n etc._n etc._n 3._o let_v he_o not_o despise_v the_o sort_n of_o sand_n which_o he_o find_v for_o some_o sand_n be_v for_o building_n as_o the_o rough_a sort_n other_o for_o scour_v other_o for_o cast_v fine_a metal_n as_o highgate-sand_n other_o for_o the_o glasseman_n as_o a_o sand_n late_o find_v in_o sussex_n in_o scotland_n there_o be_v a_o sand_n which_o contain_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o in_o divers_a country_n fine_a gold_n abound_v very_o much_o in_o sand_n and_o if_o we_o may_v believe_v a_o excellent_a dutch_a chemist_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o sand_n without_o it_o 4._o let_v he_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o earth_n loam_n clayes_n etc._n etc._n which_o have_v divers_a and_o necessary_a use_n as_o first_o the_o stiff_a clay_n as_o newcastle_n and_o nonsuch_n be_v for_o the_o glassemens_n pot_n for_o crucible_n melting-pot_n the_o less_o stiff_a for_o ordinary_a earthen_a ware_n brewer_n tile_n brick_n etc._n etc._n white_a clay_n be_v for_o tobacco-pipe_n marle_n of_o divers_a colour_n and_o stiffness_n be_v excellent_a for_o husbandman_n fullers-earth_n be_v find_v in_o kent_n surrey_z and_o late_o in_o divers_a other_o place_n for_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o the_o clothier_n rub_v and_o rubric_n in_o yorkshire_n as_o also_o divers_a other_o in_o oxford_n and_o glocestershire_n excellent_a for_o painter_n etc._n etc._n turf_n for_o fire_v may_v be_v find_v in_o most_o part_n of_o this_o isle_n if_o people_n be_v industrious_a necessity_n now_o and_o then_o compel_v they_o to_o be_v inquisitive_a as_o it_o do_v late_o at_o oxford_n and_o kent_n where_o it_o be_v find_v in_o good_a quantity_n in_o holland_n they_o have_v little_a fuel_n save_o what_o be_v take_v out_o of_o their_o ditch_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v true_o say_v that_o their_o fire_n be_v as_o it_o be_v fish_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o it_o be_v indifferent_a good_a fuel_n coal_n be_v find_v in_o very_a many_o place_n yet_o divers_a place_n be_v in_o great_a want_n of_o they_o 5._o let_v he_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o several_a stone_n find_v in_o this_o isle_n as_o of_o freestone_n for_o building_n cobbel_n and_o rough_a hard_a stone_n for_o pave_v tombstone_n soft_a sandy_a stone_n common_o call_v fire-stone_n because_o they_o will_v endure_v strong_a fire_n and_o therefore_o fit_a for_o iron_n furnace_n and_o this_o propriety_n these_o soft_a stone_n have_v that_o when_o they_o be_v white_a hot_a a_o steel_n instrument_n will_v scarce_o touch_v they_o to_o hurt_v they_o alabaster_n be_v find_v at_o burton_n on_o the_o trent_n and_o in_o staffordshire_n and_o at_o titbury_n castle_n excellent_a marble_n at_o snothil_n in_o herefordshire_n a_o course_n marble_n near_o oxford_n in_o kent_n also_o at_o purbrick_n in_o dorsetshire_n millstone_n in_o auglesey_n in_o flintshire_n darbyshire_n lime-stone_n chalk_v in_o very_a many_o place_n for_o divers_a use_n allum-stone_n be_v find_v in_o anglesey_n but_o especial_o at_o gisborrow_n in_o yorkshire_n where_o the_o alum_n work_n be_v which_o serve_v this_o island_n lapu_n cslaminaris_n be_v late_o find_v in_o somersetshire_n by_o the_o which_o copper_n be_v make_v brass_n manganese_n for_o those_o that_o make_v white_a glass_n late_o find_v in_o the_o north_n the_o best_a emery_n for_o polish_n iron_n in_o jersey_n plaster_n at_o knaresborough_n black-lead_a in_o cumberland_n and_o no_o where_o else_o in_o europe_n there_o be_v a_o stone_n in_o durham_n out_o of_o which_o they_o make_v salt_n
cure_n which_o will_v be_v too_o long_o and_o you_o may_v read_v they_o in_o master_n markam_n work_n the_o countrey-farmer_n and_o other_o i_o will_v instance_n only_o in_o two_o which_o some_o year_n sweep_v away_o cattle_n as_o the_o plague_n do_v man_n viz._n the_o murrain_n among_o great_a cattle_n and_o the_o rot_n among_o sheep_n and_o though_o divers_a have_v write_v concern_v the_o cure_n of_o these_o disease_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o effect_n which_o we_o desire_v and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v some_o will_v attempt_v to_o supply_v this_o deficiency_n and_o write_v a_o good_a treatise_n about_o the_o disease_n of_o cattle_n of_o these_o two_o disease_n i_o shall_v brief_o declare_v my_o mind_n and_o 1._o of_o the_o murrain_n which_o proceed_v from_o a_o inflammation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o cause_v a_o swell_a in_o the_o throat_n which_o in_o little_a time_n suffocate_v the_o cattle_n the_o especial_a cause_n of_o this_o disease_n be_v a_o hot_a and_o dry_a season_n of_o the_o year_n which_o dry_v up_o the_o water_n or_o at_o least_o do_v so_o putrify_v they_o that_o they_o be_v unwholesome_a and_o also_o the_o let_v of_o carrion_n lie_v unbury_v this_o disease_n be_v think_v to_o be_v infectious_a but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v proceed_v from_o one_o common_a cause_n as_o the_o rottenness_n of_o sheep_n the_o best_a way_n to_o keep_v your_o cattle_n from_o this_o disease_n be_v to_o let_v they_o stand_v in_o cool_a place_n in_o summer_n and_o to_o have_v abundance_n of_o good_a water_n and_o speedy_o to_o bury_v all_o carrion_n and_o if_o any_o of_o your_o cattle_n be_v infect_v speedy_o to_o let_v they_o blood_n and_o to_o give_v they_o a_o good_a drench_n etc._n etc._n by_o these_o mean_n divers_a have_v preserve_v their_o cattle_n when_o their_o neighbour_n have_v perish_v 2._o concern_v the_o rot_n of_o sheep_n not_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o pelt-rot_a or_o sheep_n that_o be_v starve_v but_o of_o the_o ordinary_a rot_n call_v by_o some_o the_o white_a rot_n and_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o dropsy_n their_o belly_n be_v full_a of_o water_n and_o their_o liver_n discolour_v i_o have_v see_v out_o of_o the_o liver_n of_o sheep_n tend_v to_o rottenness_n live_v creature_n leap_v like_o small_a flounder_n which_o without_o question_n in_o little_a tune_n will_v destroy_v the_o liver_n and_o consequent_o produce_v a_o indisposition_n not_o unlike_a to_o the_o rot._n the_o common_a people_n say_v that_o these_o worm_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o over-heatings_a of_o sheep_n and_o that_o rottenness_n proceed_v from_o a_o plant_n call_v cotyledon_n or_o marsh-penny-wort_n which_o be_v of_o a_o very_a sharp_a taste_n and_o therefore_o not_o likely_a that_o sheep_n will_v eat_v it_o but_o it_o may_v be_v a_o sign_n of_o wet_a rot_a land_n as_o broom_n be_v of_o sound_n and_o dry_a land_n this_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o wet_a moist_a year_n sheep_n die_v very_o much_o of_o the_o rot_n and_o in_o dry_a year_n on_o the_o same_o ground_n they_o hold_v sound_v and_o yet_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o in_o ireland_n which_o be_v far_o moisture_n than_o england_n rottenness_n of_o sheep_n be_v not_o know_v so_o much_o it_o be_v therefore_o well_o worth_a the_o labour_n of_o a_o ingenious_a man_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o these_o indisposition_n in_o sheep_n the_o mean_n which_o have_v be_v find_v very_o effectual_a for_o the_o cure_n of_o these_o disease_n be_v these_o first_o to_o drive_v your_o sheep_n up_o to_o dry_a land_n or_o to_o keep_v they_o in_o the_o fold_n till_o the_o dew_n be_v off_o the_o grass_n or_o to_o feed_v they_o some_o day_n with_o fine_a dry_a hay_n especial_o of_o salt_n meadow_n or_o to_o put_v they_o into_o salt_n marsh_n for_o in_o those_o place_n sheep_n never_o rot_v or_o to_o drive_v they_o to_o some_o salt_n river_n and_o there_o to_o wash_v they_o and_o make_v they_o drink_v of_o the_o water_n this_o will_v kill_v the_o scab_n and_o also_o the_o tick_n and_o fasten_v the_o wool_n but_o if_o you_o have_v not_o the_o convenience_n before_o say_v then_o rub_v their_o tooth_n with_o salt_n or_o rather_o make_v a_o strong_a pickle_n with_o salt_n and_o water_n and_o force_v they_o to_o drink_v thereof_o some_o dry_a pitch_n in_o a_o oven_n and_o add_v to_o the_o pickle_n and_o have_v find_v very_o good_a success_n for_o these_o medicine_n do_v exsiccate_a the_o superfluous_a humidity_n open_a obstruction_n and_o kill_v worm_n some_o commend_v the_o antimonial_a cup_n as_o a_o catholic_n medicine_n against_o all_o disease_n of_o cattle_n 3._o we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o divers_a ingenuity_n concern_v feed_v and_o fat_v of_o cattle_n and_o other_o creature_n to_o instance_n in_o some_o and_o 1._o of_o the_o horse_n who_o be_v a_o great_a feeder_n in_o kent_n and_o hartsortshire_n they_o usual_o cut_v all_o their_o oat_n and_o pease_n small_a and_o give_v they_o with_o their_o â—haff_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o horse_n soon_o fill_v themselves_o and_o eat_v all_o the_o straw_n up_o some_o put_v the_o horse-meat_n into_o a_o bag_n and_o so_o order_v it_o that_o a_o little_a only_o lie_v in_o the_o manger_n which_o when_o that_o be_v eat_v up_o more_o fall_v down_o and_o not_o before_o by_o this_o way_n horse_n do_v not_o blow_v their_o meat_n nor_o throw_v it_o out_o of_o the_o manger_n with_o their_o nose_n a_o further_a good_a piece_n of_o husbandry_n they_o use_v which_o be_v this_o when_o their_o horse_n be_v well_o feed_v at_o night_n they_o fill_v the_o rack_n with_o wheat_n or_o barley-straw_n and_o so_o leave_v they_o the_o horse_n perceive_v that_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o rack_n be_v not_o very_o pleasant_a lie_v down_o and_o take_v his_o rest_n which_o be_v as_o good_a to_o he_o as_o his_o meat_n if_o he_o rise_v in_o the_o night_n and_o fall_v to_o the_o rack_n and_o manger_n as_o he_o usual_o do_v and_o find_v nothing_o but_o straw_n he_o sleep_v till_o the_o morning_n but_o if_o it_o be_v hay_o tare_n or_o pease_n the_o jade_n will_v pull_v it_o all_o down_o and_o spoil_v it_o and_o and_o likewise_o will_v be_v hinder_v from_o his_o rest_n by_o the_o which_o double_a damage_n do_v ensue_v curry_v and_o dress_v of_o horse_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v forget_v it_o be_v half_a as_o good_a as_o their_o meat_n brimstone_n and_o elecampane_n root_n be_v the_o especial_a ingredient_n for_o this_o physic_n for_o worm_n and_o surfeit_n be_v the_o two_o common_a disease_n 2._o of_o the_o feed_n and_o fat_v of_o cow_n we_o usual_a feed_a cattle_n with_o straw_n in_o rack_n in_o the_o yard_n or_o turn_v they_o to_o the_o field_n and_o there_o let_v they_o feed_v as_o much_o and_o how_o they_o please_v which_o have_v many_o inconvenience_n as_o first_o cattle_n spoil_v as_o much_o with_o their_o heel_n as_o they_o eat_v especial_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v moist_a or_o if_o the_o fliebe_fw-fr very_a troublesome_a and_o they_o blow_v &_o stench_n &_o tumble_v much_o and_o if_o the_o fly_v be_v busy_a they_o run_v up_o and_o down_o and_o overheat_v themselves_o and_o fat_a very_o little_a so_o that_o oftentime_o in_o june_n or_o july_n they_o fatten_v as_o little_a as_o at_o christmas_n and_o most_o of_o their_o dung_n be_v lose_v by_o these_o mean_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o holland_n they_o do_v thus_o they_o keep_v their_o cattle_n house_v winter_n and_o summer_n for_o the_o winter_n provision_n they_o lay_v in_o not_o only_a hay_n but_o also_o grain_n which_o they_o buy_v in_o summer_n and_o bury_v in_o the_o ground_n and_o also_o rape-seed_n and_o lin-seed_n cake_n and_o sow_v turnip_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o cow_n also_o with_o the_o which_o turnip_n be_v slice_v and_o their_o top_n and_o rape-seed_n cake_n and_o grain_n etc._n etc._n they_o make_v mesh_n for_o their_o cow_n and_o give_v it_o they_o warm_a which_o the_o cow_n will_v slop_n up_o like_o hog_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o give_v very_o much_o milk_n in_o the_o summer_n time_n they_o mow_v the_o great_a clovergrasse_n and_o give_v it_o they_o in_o rack_n so_o that_o their_o cattle_n be_v not_o trouble_v with_o the_o pinch_a frost_n nor_o rain_v nor_o with_o the_o parch_a sun_n in_o summer_n neither_o with_o the_o fly_n nor_o do_v they_o overheat_v themselves_o or_o spoil_v half_a so_o much_o meat_n and_o be_v always_o as_o fat_a as_o their_o master_n or_o bacon-hog_n the_o dung_n and_o urine_n they_o chary_o preserve_v and_o thereby_o keep_v their_o meadow_n of_o clover-grass_n which_o be_v constant_o mow_v twice_o or_o thrice_o yearly_a in_o good_a heart_n and_o indeed_o cattle_n ought_v not_o to_o go_v among_o clover-grass_n because_o it_o usual_o grow_v with_o long_a haum_n as_o they_o call_v it_o like_o pease_n which_o if_o it_o be_v break_v will_v
of_o plant_n be_v so_o but_o not_o as_o yet_o observe_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v of_o any_o this_o plant_n be_v not_o sufficient_o describe_v by_o gerrard_n johnson_n parkinson_n or_o any_o that_o yet_o i_o have_v see_v for_o first_o they_o speak_v not_o of_o any_o flower_n and_o yet_o it_o have_v fair_a white_a large_a flower_n almost_o as_o big_a as_o rosa_n canina_n but_o i_o perceive_v little_a smell_n in_o they_o though_o all_o other_o part_n of_o this_o plant_n as_o leaf_n bark_n wood_n and_o root_v especial_o be_v very_o odoriferous_a second_o they_o mention_v not_o the_o seed_n which_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o bay-berry_n many_o of_o which_o i_o send_v out_o of_o new-england_n some_o of_o which_o grow_v in_o york-garden_n at_o london_n but_o through_o mishap_n perish_v three_o this_o tree_n be_v not_o always_o green_a as_o parkinson_n johnson_n say_v but_o in_o new-england_n cast_v its_o leaf_n perhaps_o in_o florida_n it_o may_v perpetual_o be_v green_a for_o i_o know_v that_o in_o new-england_n the_o wild-bay_n which_o be_v like_o our_o common_a bay_n in_o smell_n and_o leaf_n cast_v its_o leaf_n in_o winter_n as_o also_o a_o kind_n of_o â—ir_n about_o casho-bay_n out_o of_o which_o be_v extract_v a_o very_a odoriferous_a gum_n and_o other_o in_o like_a manner_n etc._n etc._n in_o new-england_n divers_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o plantation_n use_v this_o plant_n in_o their_o beer_n hope_v that_o it_o will_v have_v serve_v both_o for_o malt_n and_o spice_n but_o it_o deceive_v their_o expectation_n for_o in_o my_o apprehension_n it_o give_v a_o taste_n not_o pleasant_a and_o also_o they_o that_o accustom_a themselves_o to_o this_o drink_n especial_o in_o the_o summer_n find_v themselves_o faint_a and_o weak_a not_o able_a to_o endure_v labour_n animadversor_n 2._o sarsaperilla_n will_v not_o thrive_v in_o england_n etc._n etc._n first_o smilax_n to_o which_o this_o be_v refer_v be_v twofold_a 1._o aspera_fw-la which_o be_v not_o find_v as_o yet_o with_o we_o 2._o levis_n or_o convolvulus_n this_o grow_v natural_o wild_a with_o we_o who_o leaf_n though_o they_o differ_v much_o from_o the_o former_a yet_o the_o root_n be_v very_o like_a as_o i_o have_v see_v they_o compare_v together_o and_o further_o the_o virtue_n also_o as_o i_o have_v be_v credible_o inform_v by_o divers_a ingenious_a apothecary_n 2._o this_o smilax_n aspera_fw-la be_v find_v not_o only_o in_o peru_n etc._n etc._n but_o also_o in_o virginia_n as_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o divers_a which_o be_v a_o country_n who_o winter_n be_v far_o more_o pierce_a then_o in_o england_n 3._o in_o new-england_n i_o have_v see_v a_o plant_n with_o good_a success_n use_v for_o sarsaperilla_n which_o be_v a_o plant_n about_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a with_o a_o upright_a stalk_n with_o some_o few_o leaf_n at_o the_o top_n i_o at_o first_o sight_n think_v it_o the_o plant_v call_v herba_fw-la gerardi_n but_o the_o root_n be_v very_a like_o the_o sarsaparil_n common_o use_v with_o the_o pithyness_n which_o make_v i_o to_o think_v that_o there_o be_v divers_a species_n of_o these_o smilax_n some_o of_o which_o may_v well_o thrive_v and_o prosper_v in_o england_n especial_o those_o that_o grow_v in_o new-england_n and_o virginia_n but_o concern_v this_o plant_n and_o divers_a other_o which_o grow_v in_o new-england_n i_o can_v give_v you_o that_o account_n i_o desire_v because_o my_o seed_n and_o paper_n unhappy_o miscarry_v animadversor_n 3_o rattle-snake_n grass_n will_v not_o thrive_v etc._n etc._n parkinson_n a_o able_a botanic_n say_v it_o flourish_v with_o we_o in_o june_n and_o july_n and_o therefore_o what_o shall_v hinder_v it_o from_o thrive_a to_o the_o purpose_n 2._o virginia_n as_o i_o say_v before_o have_v sharp_a winter_n than_o england_n and_o yet_o there_o it_o grow_v abundant_o in_o the_o wood_n without_o cultivation_n why_o not_o with_o we_o therefore_o by_o good_a manage_n and_o be_v when_o i_o be_v in_o new-england_n i_o be_v acquaint_v with_o a_o ancient_a gentleman_n who_o also_o be_v a_o scholar_n and_o have_v live_v ten_o year_n in_o virginia_n who_o certify_v i_o that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o rattle-snake-weed_n the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o that_o which_o he_o call_v the_o great_a i_o casual_o have_v in_o my_o hand_n it_o be_v a_o bulbous_a plant_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pigeon_n egg_n and_o â—ilky_a in_o the_o root_n it_o grow_v in_o the_o water_n and_o the_o leaf_n like_o pistolochia_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o this_o be_v account_v the_o best_a the_o second_o be_v call_v the_o less_o and_o according_a to_o parkinson_n description_n the_o leaf_n be_v like_o the_o former_a but_o the_o root_n be_v fibrous_a and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o be_v common_o bring_v for_o england_n and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o suppose_v and_o upon_o good_a ground_n that_o not_o only_o the_o former_a but_o also_o the_o latter_a will_v thrive_v with_o we_o i_o have_v oft_o desire_v many_o of_o my_o friend_n and_o acquaintance_n to_o send_v i_o this_o plant_n and_o divers_a other_o which_o grow_v even_o at_o their_o door_n but_o can_v never_o prevail_v so_o far_o with_o they_o and_o have_v far_o great_a hope_n of_o the_o flourish_a of_o this_o wild_a plant_n that_o of_o tobacco_n either_o of_o that_o which_o in_o new-england_n be_v call_v poak_v much_o differ_v from_o the_o virginian_a or_o of_o that_o other_o common_o use_v and_o sow_v in_o virginia_n for_o they_o grow_v not_o natural_o in_o these_o place_n and_o yet_o tobacco_n so_o flourish_v in_o england_n that_o it_o please_v the_o state_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o and_o by_o a_o act_n to_o prohibit_v it_o and_o though_o i_o can_v deny_v but_o god_n have_v give_v his_o peculiar_a blessing_n to_o every_o country_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o hence_o follow_v that_o nothing_o which_o grow_v in_o a_o hot_a country_n will_v thrive_v in_o these_o more_o northern_a climate_n for_o most_o of_o our_o curious_a plant_n as_o apricock_n peach_n etc._n etc._n flac._n pernvianus_fw-la juca_fw-la etc._n etc._n come_v at_o first_o from_o hot_a country_n yet_o thrive_v well_o with_o we_o yea_o true_a rhenbarb_n if_o we_o will_v believe_v parkinson_n which_o former_o have_v only_o grow_v in_o the_o east-indye_n grow_v abundant_o with_o we_o this_o i_o be_o sure_a if_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o it_o be_v very_o like_a in_o virtue_n and_o daily_o we_o find_v that_o thing_n bring_v out_o of_o a_o hot_a country_n do_v flourish_v with_o we_o as_o late_o the_o great_a spanish_a cane_n much_o use_v by_o weaver_n and_o vintner_n master_n john_n tradeskin_n bring_v from_o the_o western-isle_n and_o it_o flourish_v well_o in_o his_o garden_n and_o grow_v great_a and_o tall_a animadversor_n so_o of_o pine_n and_o cedar_n etc._n etc._n i_o wonder_v that_o the_o animadversor_n shall_v question_v the_o growth_n of_o pine_n in_o england_n see_v they_o grow_v common_o in_o the_o plain_a of_o poland_n as_o cromer_n say_v and_o the_o pitch-tree_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o pine_n grow_v even_o in_o the_o cold_a place_n in_o new-england_n i_o have_v see_v pine_n above_o four_o foot_n diameter_n and_o the_o length_n according_o even_o in_o the_o most_o northern_a place_n further_o these_o common_o grow_v in_o the_o garden_n about_o london_n so_o concern_v cedar_n they_o grow_v of_o a_o very_a great_a height_n and_o bigness_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o new-england_n where_o show_n lie_v five_o or_o six_o month_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v not_o any_o way_n question_v their_o grow_n with_o we_o and_o do_v again_o note_v that_o the_o neglect_n of_o these_o as_o also_o of_o the_o fir-tree_n be_v a_o great_a deficiency_n in_o england_n and_o to_o what_o a_o straight_a our_o state_n may_v now_o be_v drive_v for_o mast_n do_v not_o new-england_n furnish_v we_o as_o also_o for_o pitch_n and_o tar_n be_v well_o know_v and_o yet_o these_o tree_n will_v grow_v in_o very_o barren_a land_n and_o be_v sweet_a grower_n yea_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o our_o mosses_n they_o have_v former_o grow_v in_o england_n further_o many_o will_v stand_v in_o a_o little_a ground_n so_o that_o i_o dare_v bold_o aver_v that_o one_o thousand_o acre_n plant_v with_o these_o tree_n will_v in_o forty_o year_n serve_v this_o isle_n with_o mast_n for_o ever_o and_o help_v we_o to_o great_a quantity_n of_o pitch_n and_o tar_n for_o where_o these_o tree_n once_o take_v they_o be_v very_o hardly_o destroy_v as_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o new-england_n where_o on_o a_o isle_n every_o year_n in_o summer_n the_o planter_n spend_v a_o day_n or_o two_o to_o cut_v they_o down_o that_o the_o place_n may_v pasture_v the_o better_a for_o their_o young_a cattle_n but_o these_o tree_n do_v present_o grow_v again_o so_o that_o they_o give_v over_o their_o intention_n see_v their_o
be_v eat_v and_o be_v the_o special_a food_n for_o the_o wild_a turkey_n in_o winter_n the_o leaf_n differ_v little_a from_o the_o common_a oak_n but_o be_v small_a some_o of_o these_o small_a oak_n be_v cut_v up_o nigh_o to_o a_o dam_n make_v to_o turn_v a_o small_a river_n for_o the_o iron_n work_v i_o perceive_v that_o out_o of_o the_o young_a twig_n which_o i_o never_o before_o perceive_v in_o the_o old_a branch_n many_o excrescence_n do_v break_v forth_o stick_v close_o to_o the_o bark_n flattish_a red_a set_v in_o order_n like_o button_n on_o a_o doublet_n the_o lower-most_a big_a and_o so_o by_o little_a and_o little_o less_o and_o less_o the_o big_a sort_n big_a than_o vetch_n these_o excrescence_n likewise_o grow_v on_o every_o twig_n double_a one_o range_v opposite_a to_o another_o i_o in_o september_n when_o the_o leaf_n where_o fall_v for_o soon_o i_o do_v not_o perceive_v they_o gather_v about_o a_o pint_n hope_v that_o this_o oak_n may_v be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o scarlet_a oak_n though_o much_o differ_v in_o leaf_n but_o my_o mishap_n i_o lose_v my_o berry_n and_o never_o since_o can_v obtain_v more_o for_o these_o reason_n therefore_o i_o believe_v and_o i_o hope_v other_o will_v so_o far_o as_o to_o endeavour_v by_o experience_n to_o find_v out_o whether_o the_o scarlet_a oak_n which_o be_v a_o considerable_a plant_n will_v thrive_v among_o we_o animadversor_n i_o wonder_v linden-tree_n etc._n etc._n linden-tree_n be_v not_o mention_v as_o not_o grow_v in_o england_n for_o i_o know_v that_o they_o grow_v in_o many_o place_n and_o in_o cobham_n park_n in_o kent_n they_o make_v the_o stately_a walk_n i_o ever_o behold_v but_o gentleman_n only_o plant_v they_o for_o pleasure_n whereas_o in_o other_o place_n they_o make_v basse_fw-fr roap_n of_o the_o bark_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v no_o where_o do_v in_o england_n that_o i_o can_v hear_v of_o 6_o letter_n amber_n only_o find_v in_o prussia_n this_o will_n upon_o strict_a enquiry_n be_v find_v otherwise_o for_o many_o report_n amber_n to_o be_v find_v also_o in_o considerable_a quantity_n in_o pomerland_n cromer_z also_o in_o his_o description_n of_o poland_n say_v it_o be_v find_v in_o divers_a lake_n with_o they_o especial_o at_o piscia_n also_o that_o in_o other_o place_n they_o usual_o dig_v it_o up_o also_o master_n cambden_n a_o approve_a author_n for_o england_n say_v in_o his_o description_n of_o norfolk_n and_o also_o jet_n and_o amber_n which_o say_v he_o i_o willing_o omit_v see_v that_o there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o these_o thing_n elsewhere_o along_o the_o coast_n also_o that_o jet_n or_o black_a amber_n be_v cast_v up_o at_o whitbey_v in_o yorkshire_n further_n i_o have_v see_v long_o pices_fw-la of_o a_o yellow_a transparent_a stone_n or_o amber_n find_v in_o a_o fountain_n nigh_o lake_n neagh_n about_o six_o mile_n from_o antrim_v which_o the_o irish_a say_v though_o vain_o that_o it_o be_v find_v only_o there_o on_o may-day_n and_o do_v use_v it_o superstitious_o about_o divers_a thing_n animadversor_n sea-owse_a will_v not_o make_v brick_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v see_v sea-owse_a or_o mud_n do_v it_o at_o dover_n also_o in_o new-england_n and_o it_o it_o a_o common_a practice_n and_o if_o i_o be_o not_o misinform_v that_o sort_n of_o brick_n which_o in_o london_n be_v call_v flandersbrick_n much_o use_v for_o scour_a brass_n etc._n etc._n be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o material_a animadversor_n salt_n out_o of_o a_o sand_n etc._n etc._n master_n cambden_n report_v it_o to_o be_v at_o wyre-water_n in_o lancashire_n page_n 753._o where_o you_o may_v read_v it_o more_o at_o large_a and_o also_o the_o same_o author_n report_v that_o at_o butterley_n in_o durham_n there_o be_v saltish_a stone_n which_o serve_v the_o people_n for_o their_o use_n pag._n 734._o animadversor_n not_o only_o the_o odour_n taste_n and_o colour_n of_o water_n to_o be_v regard_v but_o other_o thing_n of_o great_a importance_n i_o for_o my_o part_n know_v not_o how_o countryman_n shall_v discern_v such_o transcendent_a virtue_n in_o water_n otherwise_o then_o by_o these_o way_n i_o know_v ingeninus_a man_n may_v make_v separation_n by_o putrefaction_n distillation_n etc._n etc._n and_o further_o i_o suppose_v that_o water_n be_v of_o itself_o most_o homogeneus_n let_v faber_n speak_v what_o he_o please_v in_o his_o flydrographo_n and_o that_o all_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o water_n be_v accidental_a viz._n by_o the_o mixture_n of_o some_o vapour_n fume_n or_o saline_n nature_n which_o it_o receive_v by_o its_o long_a course_n throw_v divers_a earth_n clay_n sands_n salt_n mineral_n metal_n stone_n etc._n etc._n and_o further_o that_o this_o mixture_n be_v most_o common_o perceive_v by_o our_o sense_n viz._n by_o colour_n taste_v odour_n and_o will_v be_v much_o more_o perceive_v by_o we_o if_o we_o do_v drink_v water_n continual_o for_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n of_o high_a taste_n cause_v we_o that_o we_o can_v distinguish_v thing_n of_o low_a gust_n for_o i_o have_v know_v some_o who_o can_v strange_o distinguish_v water_n by_o their_o taste_n and_o further_o in_o england_n i_o know_v no_o water_n of_o any_o considerable_a virtue_n but_o a_o ordinary_a palate_n may_v distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o common_a water_n and_o usual_o they_o be_v discolour_v and_o have_v some_o peculiar_a odour_n as_o for_o the_o mechanical_a use_n of_o water_n why_o some_o be_v fit_a for_o brew_v wash_v other_o not_o i_o suppose_v the_o reason_n be_v plain_a enough_o but_o that_o flatter_v can_v make_v good_a hat_n because_o the_o water_n be_v not_o good_a enough_o for_o they_o or_o the_o dary-maid_n make_v good_a butter_n or_o cheese_n etc._n etc._n i_o think_v these_o be_v but_o excuse_n by_o the_o which_o they_o usual_o cloak_v their_o ignorance_n or_o knavery_n animadversor_n i_o be_o sure_a that_o whosoever_o shall_v believe_v glanberus_n viz_o that_o in_o all_o sand_n almost_o gold_n be_v find_v etc._n etc._n the_o animadversor_n may_v think_v what_o he_o please_v but_o i_o for_o my_o part_n as_o i_o have_v former_o say_v think_v glanberus_n very_o ingenious_a and_o a_o man_n of_o excellent_a experimental_a knowledge_n and_o a_o man_n of_o excellent_a experimental_a knowledge_n and_o therefore_o be_o easy_o induce_v to_o believe_v it_o consider_v that_o gold_n be_v not_o only_o find_v in_o the_o parch_a sand_n of_o africa_n india_n etc._n etc._n but_o it_o have_v be_v also_o find_v in_o many_o river_n of_o europe_n as_o tagus_n po_n etc._n etc._n yea_o in_o scotland_n gold_n be_v find_v among_o their_o sand_n in_o divers_a place_n some_o of_o which_o i_o have_v see_v and_o know_v two_o ingenious_a man_n who_o intend_v to_o have_v set_v up_o a_o mercury_n mill_n as_o they_o call_v it_o for_o the_o separation_n thereof_o have_v not_o the_o trouble_n of_o these_o time_n prevent_v golden_a sand_n be_v also_o find_v in_o ireland_n in_o ulster_n if_o the_o author_n of_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o ireland_n speak_v truth_n animadversor_n little_a fuel_n save_v out_o of_o ditch_n ditch_n a_o improper_a word_n i_o suppose_v it_o not_o much_o improper_a for_o i_o never_o see_v either_o in_o england_n ireland_n or_o elsewhere_o fire_n as_o it_o be_v fish_v out_o of_o the_o water_n i_o mean_v that_o any_o place_n be_v so_o save_v of_o their_o land_n and_o so_o industrious_a in_o sow_v their_o graff_n and_o ditch_n to_o get_v fuel_n as_o in_o that_o country_n which_o i_o note_v rather_o as_o a_o point_n of_o good_a husbandry_n to_o be_v mistate_v then_o to_o be_v discommend_v yet_o i_o can_v call_v turf_n more_o than_o indifferent_a good_a fuel_n and_o real_o must_v say_v it_o be_v inferior_a both_o to_o coal_n and_o wood._n animadversor_n durham-wall_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v misprint_v for_o durham-wall_n etc._n etc._n these_o place_n be_v sufficient_a for_o my_o purpose_n i_o know_v twenty_o place_n more_o may_v be_v add_v the_o expression_n concern_v opium_n and_o opiate_n i_o suppose_v very_o little_a too_o large_a animadversor_n elephant_n can_v be_v of_o use_n master_n cambden_n say_v in_o his_o description_n of_o essex_n that_o the_o roman_n bring_v over_o elephant_n to_o england_n who_o bone_n be_v find_v have_v astonish_v many_o perhaps_o the_o bone_n at_o aldermanburic_n be_v one_o of_o they_o also_o in_o our_o day_n a_o elephant_n live_v many_o year_n in_o england_n therefore_o to_o i_o its_o probable_a they_o may_v be_v as_o serviceable_a to_o we_o as_o to_o other_o place_n animadversor_n a_o hard_a task_n to_o people_n with_o black_a fox_n etc._n etc._n i_o suppose_v the_o animadversor_n mean_v to_o cause_v they_o to_o increase_v with_o we_o but_o i_o think_v the_o contrary_a for_o black_a fox_n be_v find_v in_o ireland_n new-england_n russia_n and_o indeed_o in_o all_o cold_a country_n therefore_o i_o see_v not_o why_o they_o shall_v