ought to be had about Members for the City of London as a precedent for the rest of the Kingdom to follow wherupon they nominated the four Members after chosen and now sitting in Parlament but three of these being then present stood up and clear'd themselves of this Aspersion Their next care was to frame a Petition to the Parlament for a preaching Ministry and Liberty of Conscience Then they were to divide and subdivide themselves into several Councils and Committees for the better carrying on their business by themselves or their Agents and Accomplices all over the Kingdom In these Meetings HARRINGTON was said to be often in the Chair that they had taken an Oath of Secrecy and concerted measures for levying Men and Mony 35. THE Chancellor added that tho he had certain Information of the times and places of their meetings and particularly those of HARRINGTON and WILDMAN they were nevertheless so fixt in their nefarious design that none of those they had taken would confess any thing not so much as that they had seen or spoken to one another at those times or places which obstinacy he thought must needs procede from a faithfulness to their Oath But a Committee of Lords and Commons after several sittings could make nothing of this imaginary Plot and did not ever name our Author in all their Reports 36. HIS Sisters in the mean time being impatient to see him and to know his Condition after several fruitless Petitions obtain'd an order of Council at last to be admitted into the Tower where they found him barbarously treated by the Lieutenant whom they soften'd into more humanity with a present of fifty pounds under the notion of Fees By them he deliver'd a Petition to the King importing that in the late times he was no public Person nor acted to any man's detriment in his Life Body or Estate but on the contrary had don his indeavors to help all persons in distress that he had oppos'd the Usurper in such a manner as was judg'd even by the Royalists themselves to be very much to his disadvantage and that it was not probable that he who had liv'd so peaceably before would attemt any Novelty after his Majesty's Restoration wherfore he beg'd the favor of a public Trial or a more easy confinement But tho he had bin now a prisoner during the space of five months neither he nor any on his behalf could receive an Answer to their Petitions which made him somwhat impatient not so much to injoy his Liberty as to vindicat himself from the base Aspersions of his Enemys He therfore continually urg'd his sister ASHTON to procure him a Trial which she not being able to effect he petition'd the Parlament shewing that he had lain a close Prisoner in the Tower for five months upon a bare suspicion of som disaffection to the Government which in all his Examinations did not in the least appear and that he hop'd e'er that time so to have clear'd his innocence by a public Trial as to deserve his Liberty But because he understood these matters were in som measure represented to their House he would not presume without first making his application to them to sue for his freedom by other legal means May it therfore please this honorable House says he to take tender consideration of the sufferings of an Englishman hitherto innocent and that the long continuance of him in prison without trial may be hereafter the case of others and a precedent for the like case and that this honorable House would please to move his Majesty that your Petitioner may be proceded against by a legal way of Trial or that he may have his freedom that so he may no longer languish in Prison to the ruin of his Health and Estate These are not the words of a man conscious of Guilt or afraid of Power 37. HIS Sister could get no Member to deliver this Petition or to give her any incouragement som alleging that she was more likely to destroy than serve her Brother and others that by unseasonable pressing she might precipitat his danger wheras if he would be patient under his sufferings he might be safe in his restraint Then he advis'd her to move for his habeas Corpus which at first was flatly deny'd but afterwards when it was granted and duly serv'd his Warder came one day to his Sisters at Westminster and acquainted them that between one and two a clock that morning their Brother was put on board a Ship to be transported he knew not whither without any time given him either to see his Friends or to make provision of Mony Linen or other necessarys Nor could his Relations for a whole fortnight either at the Tower or in the Secretarys Office learn what was becom of him till they receiv'd a note from himself on board one of the King's Ships then lying under Hurst Castle informing them that he believ'd he was bound for Plymouth About a month after he sent 'em word by another letter that he was landed on a kind of Rock opposit to Plymouth call'd St. Nicholas's Island whence he afterwards had frequent opportunitys of writing to 'em many pious and moral Admonitions as well as Letters of business and entertainment 38. BUT his close restraint to this small spot of Earth where there was no fresh Water and scarce any room to move his Body quickly chang'd the state of his Health this occasion'd him to petition he might be remov'd to Plymouth which was granted his Brother WILLIAM and his Uncle ANTHONY SAMUEL obliging themselves in a Bond of 5000 l. for his safe Imprisonment Here he had not only the liberty of walking on the Hoe but was also us'd with extraordinary Respect by the Deputy Governor of the Fort Sir JOHN SKELTON who frequently invited him to his Table and much lov'd his Conversation Among the other Acquaintance he made at Plymouth one was Dr. DUNSTAN who advis'd him to take a preparation of Guaiacum in Coffee as a certain cure for the Scurvy with which he was then troubl'd He drank of this Liquor in great quantitys every morning and evening But after using it for som time his Sisters to their no small amazement receiv'd no more Answers to their Letters At length Advice was brought 'em from his Landlady that his Fancy was much disorder'd and desiring som body might com to look after him Immediatly one of them address'd her self to the Earl of Bath then chief Governor of Plymouth and inform'd him of his Prisoner's sad condition This noble Lord who laid many Obligations on him before and gave frequent orders for his good Usage went hereupon to intercede for him with the King representing the danger of his Life if he were not remov'd from that unwholsom place to London where he might have the Advice of able Physicians and the King was accordingly pleas'd to grant a Warrant for his Release since nothing appear'd against him supported by good Proof
Jewish Sanhedrim The Providence of God in the different way of Apostolical Ordination NOW in these several ways of Ordination there is a most remarkable Sect. 5 Providence of God For wheras States and Princes in receiving of Religion are not at any point so jealous as of an incroachment upon their Power the first way of Apostolical Ordination destroys Monarchical Power the last wholly excludes the Power of the People and the second has a mixture which may be receiv'd by a Commonwealth or by a Monarchy But where it is receiv'd by a Commonwealth the imposition of hands coms to little and where it is receiv'd by a Monarchy the Election of the People coms to nothing as may be farther consider'd in the original and progress of the Conge d' Elire THE ways of Ordination or of Church Government lying thus in Scripture the not receiving of the Christian Religion is not that wherof any State or Prince thro the whole world can be any ways excusable The Conclusion Shewing that neither GOD nor CHRIST or the APOSTLES ever instituted any Government Ecclesiastical or Civil upon any other Principles than those only of Human Prudence Vses of this Book TO sum up this second Book in the Uses that may be made of it Sect. 1 Certain it is of the Greec and Roman Storys that he who has not som good Idea or Notion of the Government to which they relate cannot rightly understand them If the like holds as to the Scripture Story som light may be contributed to it by this Book Again if som gifted Men happening to read it should chance to be of the same judgment it is an Argument for acquir'd Learning in that for the means of acquir'd Learning and in the means of acquir'd Learning for Universitys For how little soever this performance be had it not bin the fashion with the English Gentry in the breeding of their Sons to give them a smack of the University I should not have don so much The present use of this Book BUT letting these pass If there were Commonwealths or Governments Sect. 2 exercising Soverain Power by the Senat and the People before that of Israel as namely Gibeon If the inferior Orders and Courts in Israel as those instituted by MOSES after the advice of JETHRO a Heathen were transcrib'd out of another Government tho Heathen as namely that of Midian If the order of the Church introduc'd by CHRIST in his twelve Apostles and his seventy Disciples were after the pattern of Israel namely in the twelve Princes of the Tribes and the seventy Elders If there were three distinct ways of Ordination introduc'd by the Apostles one exactly according to the Ballot of Israel as namely in the Ordination of MATTHIAS another exactly according to the way of the Jewish Sanhedrim or Synagog as namely that of TIMOTHY and a third compos'd of these two as namely that of the Deacons Then is it a clear and undeniable result of the whole That neither GOD nor CHRIST Book II or the APOSTLES ever instituted any Government Ecclesiastical or Civil upon any other Principles than those only of Human Prudence Sect. 3 The Consequence of this Vse AN Observation of such consequence as where it has bin rightly consider'd there the truth of Religion and of Government once planted have taken root and flourish'd and where it has not bin rightly heeded there has Religion or the pretence of it bin the hook and the line and the State the prey of Impostors and false Prophets as was shewn in the hypocritical Pharises for ever stigmatiz'd by the word of Truth AND for Might let her be never so much exalted in her self let her Sword be never so dreadfully brandish'd the Government not founded upon Reason a Creature of God and the Creature of God whose undoubted right in this part is by himself undeniably avow'd and asserted is a Weapon fram'd against God and no Weapon fram'd against God shall prosper Sect. 4 A transition to the next Book THE Principles of Human Prudence and in them the Art of Lawgiving being shewn in the first Book and vindicated throout the whole course of Scripture by this second I com in the third to shew a Model of Government fram'd according to the Art thus shewn and the Principles thus vindicated THE THIRD BOOK CONTAINING A MODEL OF Popular Government Practically propos'd according to Reason confirm'd by the Scripture and agreable to the present Balance or State of Property in England The PREFACE Containing a Model of Popular Government propos'd Notionally THERE is between the Discourses of such as are commonly call'd Natural Philosophers and those of Anatomists a large difference the former are facil the latter difficult Philosophers discoursing of Elements for example that the Body of Man consists of Fire Air Earth and Water are easily both understood and credited seeing by common Experience we find the Body of Man returns to the Earth from whence it was taken A like Entertainment may befal Elements of Government as in the first of these Books they are stated But the fearful and wonderful making the admirable structure and great variety of the parts of man's Body in which the Discourses of Anatomists are altogether conversant are understood by so few that I may say they are not understood by any Certain it is that the delivery of a Model of Government which either must be of no effect or imbrace all those Muscles Nerves Arterys and Bones which are necessary to any Function of a well order'd Commonwealth is no less than political Anatomy If you com short of this your Discourse is altogether ineffectual if you com home you are not understood you may perhaps be call'd a learned Author but you are obscure and your Doctrin is impracticable Had I only suffer'd in this and not the People I should long since have left them to their humor but seeing it is they that suffer by it and not my self I will be yet Book III more a fool or they shall be yet wiser Now coms into my head what I saw long since upon an Italian Stage while the Spectators wanted Hoops for their sides A Country fellow came with an Apple in his hand to which in a strange variety of faces his Teeth were undoubtedly threaten'd when enter'd a young Anatomist brimful of his last Lesson who stopping in good time the hand of this same Country fellow would by no means suffer him to go on with so great an Enterprize till he had first nam'd and describ'd to him all the Bones Nerves and Muscles which are naturally necessary to that motion at which the good man being with admiration plainly chopfallen coms me in a third who snatching away the Apple devour'd it in the presence of them both If the People in this case wherof I am speaking were naturally so well furnish'd I had here learn'd enough to have kept silence but their eating in the political way of absolute necessity requires the
own good they chuse no other into the next primum Mobile but of the ablest Cudgel and Footbalplayers Which don as soon as said your primum Mobile consisting of no other stuff must of necessity be drawn forth into your Nebulones and your Galimofrys and so the silken Purses of your Senat and Prerogative being made of Sows ears most of them Blacksmiths they will strike while the Iron is hot and beat your Estates into Hobnails mine Host of the Bear being Strategus and King Piper Lord Orator Well my Lords it might have bin otherwise exprest but this is well enough a conscience In your way the Wit of man shall not prevent this or the like Inconvenience but if this for I have confer'd with Artists be a mathematical Demonstration I could kneel to you that e're it be too late we might return to som kind of Sobriety IF we emty our Purses with these Pomps Salarys Coaches Lacquys and Pages what can the People say less than that we have drest a Senat and a Prerogative for nothing but to go to the Park with the Ladys MY Lord ARCHON whose meekness resembl'd that of MOSES vouchsaf'd this Answer My Lords FOR all this I can see my Lord EPIMONUS every night in the Park and with Ladys nor do I blame this in a young Man or the Respect which is and ought to be given to a Sex that is one half of the Commonwealth of Mankind and without which the other would be none But our Magistrats I doubt may be somwhat of the oldest to perform this part with much acceptation and as the Italian Proverb says * * To love and not injoy is the way to break ones heart Servire non gradire è cosa da far morire Wherfore we will lay no certain Obligation upon them in this Point but leave them if it please you to their own fate or discretion But this for I know my Lord EPIMONUS loves me tho I can never get his esteem I will say if he had a Mistress should use him so he would find it a sad Life or I appeal to your Lordships how I can resent it from such a Friend that he puts King Piper's Politics in the Balance with mine King Piper I deny not may teach his Bears to dance but they have the worst ear of all Creatures Now how he should make them keep time in fifty several Tribes and that two years together for else it will be to no purpose may be a small matter with my Lord to promise but it seems to me of impossible performance First Thro the nature of the Bean and Secondly thro that of the Ballot or how what he has hitherto thought so hard is now com to be easy but he may think that for expedition they will eat up these Balls like Apples However there is so much more in their way by the Constitution of this than is to be found in that of any other Common-wealth that I am reconcil'd it now appearing plainly that the Points of my Lord's Arrows are directed at no other White than to shew the excellency of our Government above others which as he procedes further is yet plainer while he makes it appear that there can be no other elected by the People but Smiths Brontesque Steropesque nudus membra Pyracmon OTHONIEL AOD GIDEON JEPHTHA SAMSON as in Israel MILTIADES ARISTIDES THEMISTOCLES CIMON PERICLES as in Athens PAPYRIUS CINCINNATUS CAMILLUS FABIUS SCIPIO as in Rome Smiths of the fortune of the Commonwealth not such as forg'd Hobnails but Thunderbolts Popular Elections are of that kind that all the rest of the World is not able either in number or glory to equal those of these three Commonwealths These indeed were the ablest Cudgel and Footbal-players bright Arms were their Cudgels and the World was the Ball that lay at their feet Wherfore we are not so to understand the Maxim of Legislators which holds all men to be wicked as if it related to Mankind or a Commonwealth the Interests wherof are the only strait lines they have wherby to reform the crooked but as it relates to every Man or Party under what color soever he or they pretend to be trusted apart with or by the whole Hence then it is deriv'd which is made good in all experience that the Aristocracy is ravenous and not the People Your Highwaymen are not such as have Trades or have bin brought up to Industry but such commonly whose Education has pretended to that of Gentlemen My Lord is so honest he dos not know the Maxims that are of absolute necessity to the Arts of Wickedness for it is most certain if there be not more Purses than Thieves that the Thieves themselves must be forc'd to turn honest because they cannot thrive by their Trade But now if the People should turn Thieves who sees not that there would be more Thieves than Purses Wherfore that a whole People should turn Robbers or Levellers is as impossible in the end as in the means But that I do not think your Artist which you mention'd whether Astronomer or Arithmetician can tell me how many Barlycorns would reach to the Sun I could be content he were call'd to the account with which I shall conclude this Point when by the way I have chid my Lords the Legislators who as if they doubted my Tackling could not hold would leave me to flag in a perpetual Calm but for my Lord EPIMONUS who breaths now and then into my Sails and stirs the Waters A Ship makes not her way so briskly as when she is handsomly brush'd by the Waves and tumbles over those that seem to tumble against her in which case I have perceiv'd in the dark that Light has bin struck even out of the Sea as in this place where my Lord EPIMONUS feigning to give us a demonstration of one thing has given it of another and of a better For the People of this Nation if they amount in each Tribe to two thousand Elders and two thousand Youths upon the annual Roll holding a fifth to the whole Tribe then the whole of a Tribe not accounting Women and Children must amount to twenty thousand and so the whole of all the Tribes being fifty to one Million Now you have ten thousand Parishes and reckoning these one with another each at one thousand pounds a Year dry Rent the Rent or Revenue of the Nation as it is or might be let to Farm amounts to ten Millions and ten Millions in Revenue divided equally to one Million of men coms but to ten pounds a year to each wherwith to maintain himself his Wife and Children But he that has a Cow upon the Common and earns his Shilling by the day at his labor has twice as much already as this would com to for his share because if the Land were thus divided there would be no body to set him on work So my Lord EPIMONUS'S Footman who costs him thrice as much as
this as it was said of SOLON by ARISTOTLE being that which I have already shewn to be us'd both in the Greec of the Scripture for the constitution of the Sanhedrim by MOSES and in other Authors for that of the Senat by ROMULUS each of which was then elected by the People whence it may appear plainly that this is no word as they pretend to exclude popular Suffrage but rather to imply it And indeed that it is of no such nature as necessarily to include Power could not have bin overseen in the New Testament but voluntarily where 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they are Acts 17. 15. signify'd by it that conducted PAUL But they have Miracles such indeed as have neither words nor reason for them had need of Miracles And where are these same Miracles why the Apostles by the Chirothesia or laying on of hands confer'd the Holy Ghost So they did not only when they us'd that Ceremony in reference to Ordination but when they us'd it not in that relation as to those that were newly baptiz'd in Samaria Men and Women now it is not probable that Acts 8. these who should seem to have bin numerous were all ordain'd at least the Women and so the Miracle is to be attributed to the Hands of the Apostles and not to Ordination in general JOSHUA was full of the Spirit not because he had bin ordain'd by the Chirothesia for so had many of them that crucify'd CHRIST and persecuted the Apostles but because MOSES had laid his hands upon him WOULD Divines be contented that we should argue thus The Chirotonia or Suffrage of the People of Israel at the first institution was follow'd with miraculous Indowments therfore whoever is elected by the People shall have the like Or what have they to shew why the Argument is more holding as to their Chirothesia seeing for above one thousand years all the Hierarchy and Presbytery laid together have don no more Miracles than a Parish Clerc A CONTINU'D Miracle as that the Sea ebs and flows the Sun always runs his admirable course is Nature Intermitted Nature as that the waters of the Red Sea were mountains that the Sun stood still in the Dial of AHAZ is a Miracle To continue the latter kind of Miracle were to destroy the former that is to dissolve Nature Wherfore this is a certain rule that no continu'd external Act can be in the latter sense miraculous Now Government whether in Church or State is equally a continu'd external Act. An internal continu'd Act may indeed be natural or supernatural as Faith A NATURAL Man being even in his own natural apprehension fearfully and wonderfully made is by the continu'd Miracle of Nature convinc'd that the World had a Creator and so coms to believe in that which is supernatural whence it is that all Nations have had som Religion and a Spiritual Man being convinc'd by the purity of CHRIST'S Doctrin and the Miracles wherby it was first planted is brought to the Christian Faith However CHRIST may require such continu'd Faith or Spiritual exercise of his Church as is supernatural he requires not any such continu'd Act or bodily exercise of his Church as is supernatural But the Government of the Church is a continu'd Act or bodily exercise It should be heeded that to delude the sense is not to do Miracles but to use Imposture Now to persuade Book II us That Monarchical Aristocratical Popular or mixt Government have not always bin in Nature or that there has ever bin any other in the Church were to delude sense Wherfore give me leave in which I am confident I shall use no manner of Irreverence to the Scripture but on the contrary make the right use of it to discourse upon Church-Government according to the rules of Prudence THE Gospel was intended by Christ to be preach'd to all Nations which Princes and States being above all things exceding tenacious of their Power is to me a certain Argument that the Policy of the Church must be so provided for as not to give any of them just cause of Jealousy there being nothing more likely to obstruct the growth of Religion and truly the nearer I look to the Scripture the more I am confirm'd in this opinion First way of Ordination in the Church Christ Acts 1. CHRIST being taken up into Heaven the first Ordination that we find was that of the Apostle MATTHIAS after this manner THE Aristocracy of the Church that is the Apostles assembl'd the whole Congregation of Disciples or Believers at Jerusalem being in number one hundred and twenty where PETER it having as it should seem bin so agreed by the Apostles was Proposer who standing up in the midst of the Disciples acquainted them that wheras JUDAS was gon to his place the occasion of their present meeting was to elect another Apostle in his room wherupon proceding to the Suffrage they appointed two Competitors JOSEPH and MATTHIAS whose names being written each in a several Scrol were put into one Urn and at the same time two other Lots wherof one was a blank and the other inscrib'd with the word Apostle were put into another Urn which don they pray'd and said Thou Lord which knowest the hearts of all men shew whether of these two thou hast chosen The Prayer being ended they gave forth their Lots and the Lot fell upon MATTHIAS 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by this Psephisma the very popular word and not only so but being apply'd to the Ballot is the very literal and original signification he was added to the eleven Apostles So you have the first way of Ordination in the Church after Christ was taken up into Heaven perform'd by the Election or Chirotonia of the whole Church NOW except any man can shew that MATTHIAS ever receiv'd the imposition of hands these several things are already demonstrated First that the Chirotonia is not only the more antient way of Ordination in the Commonwealth of Israel but in the Church of CHRIST Secondly that the Chirothesia or imposition of Hands is no way necessary to Ordination in the Christian Church Thirdly that the Disciplin of the Christian Church was primitively Popular for to say that in regard of the Apostles it was Aristocratical is to forget that there is no such thing without a mixture of Aristocracy that is without the Senat as a Popular Government in Nature Fourthly that Ordination in the Commonwealth of Oceana being exactly after this pattern is exactly according to the Disciplin of the Church of CHRIST And fifthly that Ordination and Election in this example are not two but one and the same thing THE last of these Propositions having bin affirm'd by Mr. HOBS §. 115. Dr. HAMMOND tells him plainly that his assertion is far from all truth Let us therfore consider the Doctor 's Reasons which are these Seeing the Congregtion says he is affirm'd by the Gentleman to have ordain'd and it is plain by the words of
Cassiopoeia Pub. VALERIUS if the Major of the Petition extends as far as is warranted by SOLOMON I mean that there is nothing new under the Sun what new things there may be or have bin above the Sun will make little to the present purpose Val. It is true but if you have no more to say they will take this but for shifting Pub. Where there is Sea as between Sicily and Naples there was antiently Land and where there is Land as in Holland there was antiently Sea Val. What then Pub. Why then the present posture of the Earth is other than it has bin yet is the Earth no new thing but consists of Land and Sea as it did always so whatever the present posture of the Heavens be they consist of Star and Firmament as they did always Val. What will you say then to the Star in Cassiopoeia Pub. Why I say if it consisted of the same matter with other Stars it was no new thing in nature but a new thing in Cassiopoeia as were there a Commonwealth in England it would be no new thing in Nature but a new thing in England Val. The Star you will say in Cassiopoeia to have bin a new thing in nature must have bin no Star because a Star is not a new thing in nature Pub. Very good Val. You run upon the matter but the newness in the Star was in thâ— manner of the generation Pub. At Putzuoli near Naples I have seen a Mountain that rose up from under water in one night and pour'd a good part of the Lake antiently call'd Lucrin into the Sea Val. What will you infer from hence Pub. Why that the new and extraordinary generation of a Star or of a Mountain no more causes a Star or a Mountain to be a new thing in nature than the new and extraordinary generation of a Commonwealth causes a Commonwealth to be a new thing in nature ARISTOTLE reports that the Nobility of Tarantum being cut off in a Battel that Commonwealth became popular And if the Pouder Plot in England had destroy'd the King and the Nobility it is possible that Popular Government might have risen up in England as the Mountain did at Putzuoli Yet for all these would there not have bin any new thing in nature Val. Som new thing thro the blending of unseen causes there may seem to be in shuffling but Nature will have her course there is no other than the old game Pub. VALERIUS let it rain or be fair weather the Sun to the dissolution of Nature shall ever rise but it is now set and I apprehend the mist Val. Dear PUBLICOLA your Health is my own I bid you goodnight Pub. Goodnight to you VALERIUS Val. One word more PUBLICOLA Pray make me a present of those same Papers and with your leave and license I will make use of my Memory to commit the rest of this Discourse to writing and print it Pub. They are at your disposing Val. I will not do it as has bin don but with your name to it Pub. Whether way you like best most noble VALERIUS Octob. 22. 1659. Chap. 1 A System of Politics Delineated in short and easy APHORISMS Publish'd from the Author 's own Manuscript CHAP. I. Of GOVERNMENT 1. A PEOPLE is either under a state of Civil Government or in a state of Civil War or neither under a state of Civil Government nor in a state of Civil War 2. CIVIL Government is an Art wherby a People rule themselves or are rul'd by others 3. THE Art of Civil Government in general is twofold National or Provincial 4. NATIONAL Government is that by which a Nation is govern'd independently or within it self 5. PROVINCIAL Government is that by which a Province is govern'd dependently or by som foren Prince or State 6. A PEOPLE is neither govern'd by themselves nor by others but by reason of som external Principle therto forcing them 7. FORCE is of two kinds Natural and Unnatural 8. NATURAL Force consists in the vigor of Principles and their natural necessary Operations 9. UNNATURAL Force is an external or adventitious opposition to the vigor of Principles and their necessary working which from a violation of Nature is call'd Violence 10. NATIONAL Government is an effect of natural Force or Vigor 11. PROVINCIAL Government is an effect of unnatural Force or Violence 12. THE natural Force which works or produces National Government of which only I shall speak hereafter consists in Riches 13. THE Man that cannot live upon his own must be a Servant but he that can live upon his own may be a Freeman 14. WHERE a People cannot live upon their own the Government is either Monarchy or Aristocracy where a People can live upon their own the Government may be Democracy Chap. II 15. A MAN that could live upon his own may yet to spare his own and live upon another be a Servant but a People that can live upon their own cannot spare their own and live upon another but except they be no Servants that is except they com to a Democracy they must wast their own by maintaining their Masters or by having others to live upon them 16. WHERE a People that can live upon their own imagin that they can be govern'd by others and not liv'd upon by such Governors it is not the Genius of the People it is the Mistake of the People 17. WHERE a People that can live upon their own will not be govern'd by others lest they be liv'd upon by others it is not the Mistake of the People it is the Genius of the People 18. OF Government there are three Principles Matter Privation and Form CHAP. II. Of the Matter of Government 1. THAT which is the Matter of Government is what we call an Estate be it in Lands Goods or Mony 2. IF the Estate be more in Mony than in Land the port or garb of the Owner gos more upon his Monys than his Lands which with privat Men is ordinary but with Nations except such only as live more upon their Trade than upon their Territory is not to be found for which cause overbalance of Riches in Mony or Goods as to the sequel of these Aphorisms is altogether omitted 3. IF the Estate be more in Land than in Goods or Mony the garb and port of the Owner whether a Man or a Nation gos more if not altogether upon his Land 4. IF a Man has som Estate he may have som Servants or a Family and consequently som Government or somthing to govern if he has no Estate he can have no Government 5. WHERE the eldest of many Brothers has all or so much that the rest for their livelihood stand in need of him that Brother is as it were Prince in that Family 6. WHERE of many Brothers the eldest has but an equal share or not so inequal as to make the rest to stand in need of him for their livelihood that Family is as it