That there was an Earth Comprehending also the Water as I have before shewed And the Water is heer called Deep which generaly in the Hebrew Style signifys Deep Water or Sea and heer the Element of Water like Altum and Profundum in the Latin Also the Waters are expresly mentioned in the following Sentence But Earth and Water were not first Created such a Terraqueons Globe as now they are and were afterward so Divided and Disposed in the Third Day and then first made to be such an Ocean of Waters and Dry Land both appearing together and composing one Surface and Circumference of their common Globe for that was the very Work of the Third Day Wheras the Psalmist saith of this first Creation of the Earth Thou covered'st it with the Deep as with a Garment And the same is implied heer in these words And Darkness was upon the face of the Deep that is of the Waters which first covered the Earth and not Immediately upon the face of the Earth which was then covered with the Waters Also the Darkness which was the Antecedent Privation of Light doth imply the Informity and Inanity both of Aether which is the Elementary Fountain of Light and of Air which is the Vehicle therof to the Terraqueous Globe and that as the Water was Created above the Earth so they above the Waters for it is said the Darkness which was then in them was upon or above the Waters And so God saith to Iob concerning the Sea When I made the Cloud that is the Dark Air the Garment therof and thick Darkness a swadling Band for it And so also was the Aether from which the Light was afterward Emitted through the Air to the Terraqueous Globe above the Air. And this Situation of the Elements may plainly appear by the Order of the Succeeding Creation wherin the Aether which is highest and next to the Superaether which as I have said probably was perfected in the Begining was first furnished with Light and then the Air with Vapors and lastly the Terraqueous Globe with Vegetatives in the Three first Days And so again the Aether with Starrs and then the Air and Water with Fowls and Fishes and lastly the Earth with Beasts in the Three last Days Also I collect from this Original Situation of the Elements that their Several Bodys of Matter were Proportionable and Conformable therunto that is the Matter of Earth was most Dens and consequently most Grave and therefore Lowest the Matter of the Water less Dens and consequently less Grave and therefore above the Earth the Matter of the Air more Rare and consequently more Light and therefore above the Water the Matter of the Aether more Rare and consequently more Light and therefore above all the other Elements and next to the Superaether which is most Rare as a fit Habitation for pure Spirits And that as every Element had its Proper Body of Matter so also its Proper Elementary Substantial Spirit Pure and Unmist in the first Creation therof And it was the Work of the Spirit of God Moving upon the face of the Waters to Prepare and Predispose them by fit Mistion and Temperature of them all and thereby to Produce their Proper Qualitys out of their Potentialitys into Act Gradualy and Successively And that their Potential Qualitys and also all other Simple and Primitive Substantial Spirits not only Elementary but in and with them Vegetative and Sensitive and all their Potential Qualitys were Created in the Begining together with the Matter that is Vegetative Spirits and Sensitive Spirits of Beasts in the Earth and of Fishes in the Water for so it is said Let the Earth bring forth Grass c. and again Let the Earth bring forth the Living Creature after his Kind c. and so also Let the Waters bring forth abundantly the Moving Creature that hath Life c. which plainly implys that these Spirits were in them before otherwise they could not so bring them forth And they were then Latent in those Elements Respectively which are Predominant in their Composita II. Thus was the Inferior Globe of these fower Elements first Created Inform and Inane which is more Emphaticaly exprest in the Original Language then can be rendred in any other The Author of the Wisedom of Solomon calleth it Matter without Form that is without any Corporeal Formosity or any Mistion or Forma Misti as they term it Both Greeks and Latines generaly call it Chaos and have preserved the Historical Tradition therof which they received from Antiquity But they seem also to Comprehend in their Chaos the Superaether as well as all the Elements or otherwise to have had no knowledg therof Also they Confound all together in one Congeries and thence have fansied that the fower Elements had their Actual Qualitys Existing therin in their highest Degrees and that there was Extreme Discord and Enmity among them And so Empedocles and others make Lis and Amor Original Causes of all things which were afterward Comtempered therin and the Poet accordingly Aque Chao densos divum numer abat Amoros But upon the Review of our Divine History as I find no farther mention of the Superaether in any of the Works of the Six Days and therefore conceiv it to have been Perfected in the Begining and first Creation therof for so it is said of it Whose Builder and Maker is God that is more Immediately and only by a Proper Creation therof without any Mediate Preparation Predisposition and Mistion as of the Elements and Elementary Natures and so that it was no part of this Elementary Chaos which was afterward Perfected in the Six Days so also I rather conceiv that there was only Imperfection in the first Chaos and that all the first Elements were first Created in their several Situations in Rest and Peace without any such Discordant Confusion which is reserved for the last Dissolution and Gehenna And the Hebraical words Inform and Inane seem rather to infer such an Emptiness and Privation then any Positive Contrariety of Qualitys then Actualy Existing in it and it is said expresly that there was Darkness or Purae Tenebrae therin without any Light and so probably no Heat which if it had been Actualy Existing in such Extremity therof might have prevailed over the rest as it shall in the last Conflagration or at least would have caused the Vapors to ascend from the Waters before the Second Day if the Air had all been so prepared by Mistion and the Actual Qualitys therof But probably there were no such other Qualitys then Actualy Existing for if not Heat then consequently not Cold which is the Contrary therof And the Earth is not Denominated Dry untill the Third Day and if there were before no Driness then consequently no Moisture and so of the rest And the Author of Esdras saith There was Silence on every side without any Sibilation or Tumult of Heat and Cold or the like And though not only Matter but
should him who would argue upon a Supposition of Coexisting Instants Past Present and Future by telling him plainly that there is no such thing in Nature and yet there are Physical Instants Existing severaly and so though there is not any single Point in Nature Existing severaly yet there are Points Coexisting in a Body And I suppose that from this Fundamental Fallacy all the Fallacity of their Objections doth arise But he who will rightly Philosophise or Theologise must be very careful that in the Contemplation of such things as are Incomprehensible or Infinite though he may frame Comprehensive or Finite Notions therof as Scaffolds whereby to build yet he may not build upon them but must again take them down and reduce all such Subsidiary Notions or Suppositions to the very Nature of the thing it self which is Incomprehensible or Infinite VII Thus though there be Realy in Nature Points Lines and Superficies yet the Supposition of any such several Existence therof as we may Mathematicaly feigne and frame to our selvs and as some have supposed the whole-Body of the World to have been made by the Casual Concurrence of such Atoms or Points is only Notional in our Reason and Mind and not Real or in the Nature of Extension itself wherof the least Minim is more then one single Point yea it conteins in it Points Innumerable to us And as there is no such several Point so also no several Line in Nature for the least Hair of the least Mite hath not onlâ— Longitude but also Latitude becaus it hath several Sides and one Side therof is not the other nor all one and the same with the Longitude And so there is no several Superficies in Nature having both Longitude and Latitude without any Profundity for the thinest Plate of Muscovy Glass hath a double Superficies above and beneath and also others in the very Edges therof Wherefore not only Points but also Longitude Latitude and Profundity do necessarily Consist and Coexist together and all these make a Complete Extension or Consistence of any Body Now every Body becaus it hath Longitude Latitude and Profundity must have some Figure which is the particular Shape or Module of the Extension therof Resulting from and Subsisting in that Extension as a particular Property therof Immediately and Mediately in and by it in the Substantial Matter Yet Figure Realy Differs from Extension becaus there may be several Figures of the Same Extension of the Matter which as Statuarys say of their Materia Wood Stone Wax and the like is capable of all Figures Faces or Forms whatsoever The first and most simple Figure and which indeed is most Proper to the Matter is a Globe And therefore this is the Universal Figure and all other Particular Figures as I have said are only the Protuberances and Enormitys therof though never so Symmetrical and Conformable in themselvs And the Globular Figure is such becaus it is most Intire and Uniting wherof all others are only some unnecessary Excesses or Defects and therefore also it is most Capacious as may plainly appear by varying the Perimeter of any Circle which hath nothing Excrescential or Excessive in itself from the Circular Regularity therof into any Angular Figure whatsoever for so if you Inflect it into an Isoperimetrical Equilateral Triangle the Area therof will be less then that of the Circle as Six to almost Ten and if you Iâ—flect iâ— into an Isoperimetrical Square as Carpenters do in measuring Tâ—mâ—er it will be as Eleaven to almost Fourteen which is their Gâ—â—t Measure and the true gain and advantage therof more then of such a a Square And so Proportionably if you Inflect it into any other Equilateral Polygon though I doubt all will be found Incommensurable as well as the former But yet I observ a Proportion or Analogy between the Circle and such a Square made of the Perimeter therof or as I may so call it the Isoperimetrical Square therof and the Square Excribed which I have before termed the Diametrical Square therof that is As the Area of the Isoperimetrical Square of the Circle is as I have said in Proportion to the Area of the Circle as Eleaven to almost Fourteen so the Area of the Circle is in Proportion to the Area of the Diametrical Square therof as almost Eleaven to Fourteen And though I conceiv that every Regular Figure is Perfect in its own kind and none other so Perfect as it in that Respect and therefore Asymmetrous yet I also conceiv that the Asymmetry or Disproportion between a Circle and a Square is rather from the Square which is more Imperfect Comparatively then from the Circle which is Absolutely the most Perfect Figure in itself and though we commonly as Carpenters and other Mechanical Measurers do rather Measure by the Square and Cube then by the Circle and Globe yet God and Nature work by them most Perfectly and Exactly and so have made the World to be of the most Perfect Figure which is Globular or Circular in the whole Superficies thâ—rof not by Molding Carving or Casting or any such Mechanical or Violent Formation therof but by Natural Principles Created in itself For the whole Body therof being one Homogeneous and common Matter doth Naturaly Incline and Adhere to itself having nothing Corporeal besides itself to which it may otherwise Incline or Adhere or which may hinder or divert it from Uniting or flowing together into one most Intire Body in it self which as I have said must be Globular becaus a Body can not possibly be in a less Space or more United then in a Globe And this Union doth best preserv and fortify its own Internal Entity in itself and so against External Nonentity Wherefore also all Material Spirits which are Heterogeneous Substances do thus Unite and fortify their own Specifical Natures against Ambient Heterogeneous Enemies by casting themselvs and thereby their Bodys which they Consubstantiate and Act into particular Globules as much as they can which may appear by Bubbles in Water Sparks of Steel Shot of Lead melted Mercurial Globules and many such Instances And if the Universal Body of the World be a Globe as all men generaly suppose and therefore call it Orbis or the Globe then also probably it is a most Perfect and Exact Globe and not like the Terraqueous Globe which by the Consistence of the Earth and Heterogeneity of Earth and Water is full of Hills and Vales Shores and Seas but as if the Water did again cover all the Earth and there were no Agitation therof as it was in the Chaos as I have shewed it would certeinly be a most smooth Aequor having a Perfectly Spherical Superficies of its own Body becaus it is Fluid so much more we ought to conceiv that the Superaether which is Highest and therefore most Rare and probably most Fluid is most Perfectly Spherical and also becaus it must Unite together as I shall shew heerafter And if there be such an Exact
was more Earth And as the Winds are thus caused by Vapors so the Southern parts of the World being more Watery are therefore as I have said more Tepid or Warm and Rainy or Misty and the Northern parts being more Terreous and Emitting more of the Terreitys therefore the Northwind is contrarily more Cold and Dry. And the Sun in the Diurnal Motion of the Aether being carried from East to West and so better Concocting the Vapors which he hath before raised and passed over in such his Diurnal Cours therefore generaly Eastern Winds are also more Cold and Dry and Western Warmer and Moister and some Winds are observed to Rise and Fall with the Rising and Setting of the Sun But if any Wind or Weather be so Copious and Durable as to be carried about the whole Terraqueous Globe then the same Wind may be of a Contrary Temper from the same Caus and so many times Rains come from the North and East and commonly they are very great becaus they are so Copious and Durable and so in Africa and other hot Climes there are Infrequent Rains but when they happen they are Excessive becaus the Sun doth very Copiously rais Vapors and if it happen by any Circumstantial Causality that he can not Concremate and Desiccate them as much they all turn into Rain And so the Hot Meteor of a Thunder-cloud draws very Copious and Dark Vapors which when the Heat breaks forth in Lightning are presently Resolved into Rain though otherwise when there are few other such Vapors in the Air neer to it there are also dry Lightnings without any great Nois becaus they are not Exploded out of such Clouds as the others and Thunder-clouds may go against the Wind as we say becaus they are Moved and Impelled by their own Heat and by their great Commotion after the Explosion of the Lightning they commonly turn the Wind. And Concurrent Causes may Move and Impell the Mobile Air every way and when it cannot Move fast enough Progressively then as I have said it must Move Circularly whereby it becomes a Turbo or Whirlwind which I conceive rather to be such then all the Winds blowing against one another Ignes fatui are Inflamed Exhalations more Lucid and less Fiery having some Fatt and Viscous Corpuscles of Earth in their Misture and arise generaly from such Soils And if they be more Igneous and more Rarefied thereby they are better Concocted and Ascend higher and become Stellae Cadentes and the lâ—ke which fall down again when that Heat is Extinct But these Fiery Meteors which last longer are not comparably Igneous like Fulgur or Lightning which having a most Rare and Subtile Fomes and being also pent in and Condensated in the Cloud when it breaks forth doth not only make a Terrible Nois by the sudden Collision of the Cloud every way against the Air but also by that sudden Eruption as well as by the Spiritual Power therof doth wonderful Execution and is strangely Influential and I suppose of all Culinary Fire is most like to Aethereal but I cannot conceiv that it can so Calcine any part of the Cloud as to forge a Fulmâ—n Thunderbolt or Stone though I acknowledg that there is much Earth also in it wherof as well as of the Water some Insects as Tadpols and others are found to be Produced after Rain All which Violent and Excessive Meteors are as I have said general Effects of the Divine Curs and so Thunder is called the Voice of God and ought to be regarded but I do not apprehend these general Effects to be any such special Prodigys and Portents as some would have them to be The Iris and the like are Properly no Meteors but only Reflections of the Sun-beams from a Vaporous Cloud like a Prism being also more Opacous then the Bright Clouds And I doubt not but that there were Rainbows before the Deluge though not before the Fall as well as Lambs before the Pass-over Water and Bread and Wine before Baptism and the Lords Supper for all such Sacramental Elements are in themselvs Natural and only supernaturaly Instituted to be Symbolical Signes and so was the Rainbow which signifys Sunshine after Rain and doth very fitly declare the Covenant that God made with Noah that as he and his Family were then saved from the Deluge so it should never after come upon his Posterity and as God said I will look upon it that I may remember the everlasting Covenant between God and every Living Creature of all flesh that is upon the Earth so should we when we behold this his Bow in the Clouds thankfully remember his wonderful Deliverance both that which is past wherin we all who were then in the loins of Noah's Sons were preserved and also future concerning which God hath given us such an everlasting Covenant and this Signe therof SECTION IX And God said Let the Waters under the Heaven be gathered into one place and let the Dry Land appear And it was so And God called the Dry Land Earth and the gathering together of the Waters called he Seas And God saw that it was Good And God said Let the Earth bring forth Grass the Herb yielding Seed and the Fruit Tree yielding Seed after his kind whose Seed is in itself upon the Earth And it was so And the Earth brought forth Grass and Herb yielding Seed after his Kind and the Tree yielding Fruit whose Seed was in itself after his Kind And God saw that it was Good And the Evening and the Morning were the Third Day EXPLICATION God having before caused part of the Water to ascend in Vapors into the Air did afterward caus the rest to subside and be derived into certein Canales in the Earth which he had also prepared for it and so made the Surface of the Earth which before was covered with Water to appear together with it in one Terraqueous Globe wherof the Dry Land was Earth and the Confluvia of Waters Seas And this Ordination of all these three Elements was their Goodness and Perfection And when God had thus prepared all the fower Elements he caused the Earth being pregnant with Vegetative Principles accordingly to bring forth Grass Herbs and Trees above the Surface therof after their several Kinds and the Herbs and Trees had also their several Seeds and Seminal Virtues in themselves whereby to Propagate and Multiply afterward And this was their Goodness and Perfection And all these were the Works of the Third Day ILLUSTRATION 1. Of Water 2. Of Moisture 3. Of Odors and Sapors 4. Of the Flux and Reflux of Waters 5. Of Earth 6. Of Drines 7. Of Consistence 8. Of Magnetical Virtue and Electricity 9. Of the Immobility of the Earth 10. Of Vegetatives 11. Of the Goodnes of the Works of the Second and Third Days I. THe Water which is Elementary and more properly such and wherof Vapor and Ice are only Various is next to Air above it both in Situation and Nature as may
appear by Vapor and to Earth beneath it as may appear by Ice And though Earth and Water were in this Third Day made and still are one Terraqueous Globe yet as they were Created in the Begining so they still are several and different Elements aswell as Air and Aeâ—her are several and dâ—fferent Heavens And though they are thus Composed into one Globe yet they have their several Provinces therin as well as the others though not in the same maner or Figure And so it is said not only that Dry Land did appear which was before covered with the Sphere of Water as that was with Air and Air with Aether but also that there was a gathering together of the Waters into one place generaly wherunto all Rivers do run though branched out into several Canaleâ— and though standing Ponds Lakes and perhaps some Gulphs or Seas as the Caspian Sea may not communicate with the Ocean yet they are also Confluvia and Seas and so termed distributively afterward and all of them distinguished from the Waters which first covered the Earth all over wheras now the main Ocean covereth and compasseth it about only in one place And as these Waters beneath flow from the Earth so they are still above it as the Waters above floating in the Air are also said to be above or upon it for so the word signifies upon or above and so Fowl are said to fly above or upon the Heavens and as they are thus distinguished from Waters beneath so are also those Waters above the Earth from Waters beneath the Earth that is Subterraneous Fountains or depths of the Seas for neither are any Waters under the whole Earth which is most Dens and consequently lowest nor above any of the whole Heavens Superaether Aether or Air itself which are more Rare and consequently Higher as I have shewed but these Expressions concerning the Vapors and Fountains are Respective according to the Subject Matter and not to be understood Absolutely and they do indicate several Regions of the Waters wheras we have no such indication of any several Regions in the Air or Aether as I have observed Also though the Evaporation of Waters by Heat be Natural and only Supernaturaly produced by God in the Second Day as his other Works of Improper Creation were in other Days yet this Distribution of Earth and Waters in the Terraqâ—eous Globe therof which was so Composed in this Third Day seems more Extraordinary and Artificial and such as doth most plainly declare the Immediate Operation of God in this and all the other Days for by what Natural Power could the Earth and Isles be raised above the Waters or the Mountains and Vallys be so ordered and Indented or who could cast those great Banks of the Shores and cut those vast Chanells of the Seas and Rivers or say unto them thither shall ye go and no farther which therefore God is said Originaly to do by Line and Levell as in Waterworks we so set them out that they may run to their Levell this way or that way in the Cutts prepared for them And though men may make such less alterations therin and some greater have been made by accidental Breaches and Inundations yet as God saith I brake up for it my Decreed place or as it is Originaly established my Decree upon it and sett Barrs and Dâ—ors so generaly and in the main it continues the same and since that Great and Universal Deluge yet Cosmographers can still find out those Seas Rivers and Isles which Moses declareth to have been before it And thus the Divine Psalmist describeth both the Proper and Improper Creation of Waters and Earth Thou coveredst it with the Deep as with a Garment the Waters stood above the Mountains At thy rebuke they fled at the Voice of thy Thunder they hasted away They go up by the Mountains they go down by the Vallys unto the place that thou hast founded for them Thou hast sett a Bound that they might not pass that they turn not again to cover the Earth and so proceeds to shew the great Usefulness therof which thereby God prepared both for Vegetatives and Sensitives in the whole Oecumene or Habitable Earth But though the Earth generaly is thus raised above the Waters not only in the Mountains and Summits therof but in its whole Campus which lys above the Levell of the Waters yet the Water in its own Province is above the Earth on which it flows and so the Earth is very elegantly expressed standing out of the Water and in the Water And wheras it is said that God founded it upon or above the Seas and established it upon or above the Flouds it is very true and proper according to the Subject Matter wherof the Psalmist there speaks that is of the Oecumene or Habitable Earth as it was so raised above the Waters which before were above it and thereby was made fruâ—tfull and Habitable which the precedent Context doth plainly declare The Earth is the Lords and the fulnes therof the World and all that dwell therin nor do I apprehend that the whole World of Spheres Aereal Aethereal and Superaethereal is there intended though the Author of Esdras saith also that the Heavens are founded upon the Waters but I rather conceiv that by World is there meant Orbis Terrae as it is usually so taken Hebraicaly and in all other Languages because the Earth is our present World and so more restrictively we say the Christian World and the like But how farr the Waters are beneath the Levell or Campus of the Earth is not particularly expressed yet we read of a great Deep or Ocean and of Fountains therof or therin as we so say Fons Blundusii and the like not that there is besides the Ocean any Fountain therof beneath it which feeds and supplys it for it is called the Deep becaus it is the deepest of all Waters and so Fountains and Depths of Waters are used indifferently as it is said A Land of Brooks of Water of Fountains and Depths that spring out of Vallys and Hills and both are said to be under the Earth wherefore becaus Rain and Waters in those dry Countrys were accounted great Blessings Iacob blesseth Ioseph with Blessings of Heaven above and Blessings of the deep that lieth under which Moses also repeateth nor is it said that there is a Deep and also Fountains therof beneath and besides it but they are alway termed the Fountains of the Deep not only in respect of itself but also of all Vapors Rain and Rivers wherof the Deep or Sea is the Fountain to which that expression seems to refer for so they are joined together as it is said that there were the Fountains of the Great Deep broken up and the Windows of Heaven were opened and indeed they are so made to be Fountains one unto another mutualy and reciprocaly as I shall shew heerafter and in the Deluge the Conflux of all the Waters was gathered
own Apprehensions then in the Expressions wherin Scripture is alway Consonant the Truth therof Consistent with itself and so we are to Interpret them accordingly and to reduce them all to the System of the World which is Intentionaly reveled and declared unto us in this Divine History of the Genesis therof and then we shâ—ll neither as some place Waters below the Earth becaus Springs are termed Subterraneous or above the Aether yea the Superaether becaus the same word signifieth both Air and Heavens and so make them to possess both the Center and Circumference of the whole World nor conceiv that Rivers flow from the Ocean only by Subterraneous passages and so flow thither again in their Canales whenas there is not any mention made of Rivers in all the Six Days Works but only of Waters above and Waters beneath which were first gathered into Seas though I doubt not but that Rivers were also made afterward in the Third Day yet first by Waters above or Vapors and in the same Order of Nature wherin they are still continued that is by the descent of Vapors first raised from the Seas into the Earth and therefore only Vapors or Waters above and Seas or Waters beneath are heer mentioned and so afterward we read that There went up a Mist from the Earth and watered the whole face of the Ground before we read of the fower Rivers that encompassed Eden about and were also fed and continued by it and the Vapors thus descending into the Spongy Earth where they meet with Stones or other such Bodys less apt to Imbibe them do stand in Drops as they do on Marble which Poets call the Tears of Niobe and those Drops gathering together in Fluxes make at first litle Rills and they afterward Rivulets and Rivers which run again into the Sea and so the Rivers were made and are still continued and this and no other is the Cours of the Waters as the Psalmist affirmeth They go up by the Mountains they go down by the Vallys unto the place which thou hast founded for them and so we read of Windows of Heaven aswell as of Fountains of the Deep and the Author of Esdras calleth them also Springs above the Firmament for so indeed they are Mutualy and Reciprocaly Fountains each to other And this plainly is proved by the freshnes of Rivers which may not be imputed to any such Percolation through the Earth whereby it hath formerly been supposed that Salt might be Separated from Water but is now found to be otherwise I have tried it by so strict a Percolation that only a Drop or two of Brine have been Excerned in a whole Days time and yet they were so Briny that I could perceiv very little or no difference and all Saltmen find Evaporation to be the most easy and natural way of making Salt which therefore certeinly is the way of Nature in so great an Evaporation as apparently makes all Rainwater fresh and consequently all Riverwater Nor are Salt Springs from the Sea Immediately or Mediately but from Salt Mines in the Earth lâ—ke other Nâ—trous Bitumineous or Iron Springs and the like though I also acknowledg that Salt may be Volatilised as Chymists say and which doth very sensibly appear to us who dwell neer to the Sea where Woods on that side toward the Sea are blasted thereby and Iron Nails and Window Barrs rotted as Iron will swell and be corrupted by lying long in salt-Saltwater yet these Vapors of the Sea go not farr nor are such Experiments therof found at any great distance much less can they make Salt Springs in the Inland where also fresh Springs â—low very neer to them but they are both first from Vapors and then the Salt Springs are made Salt by runing through Salt Mines And lastly I shall approve it by a plain Experiment which I received from a very Credible Person whose Hous standing at the bottom of a declive Hill and wanting Water he caused a large Trench to be digged down the side therof and many other less Trenches branching out of it both ways and then filled them all with Pebble Stones and again covered them over with the Earth and found Water to flow at the bottom of the main Trench through a Pipe laid to receiv it which is only by Artificial application of the same Natural Causalitys And when I had reported this to a Noble Lord he confirmed it with another Observation which himself had made in certein Quillets or litle Quagmires which have Water springing and standing in them by causing them to be searched and the ground to be digged under them where he found Beds of Stone which might also give occasion to the Poets to feign Rivers powring their Waters out of Stony Urns Nor indeed is it Imaginable that Rivers and Springs should otherwise come from the Sea whose highest Watermark is farr below the Springs as is well known to such who live neer to the higher Shores of the Sea and so also is attested by such who have gone up the Pike of Tâ—neriff wherin they found a Spring farr above the Sea wheras Water while it is such cannot ascend above its Levell for then it should rise above itself becaus it is all one Equidens and Fluid Body And Springs rise first out of the Earth in very small Sources and not from any such Subterraneous Rivers as some have supposed flowing in great Canales under the Earth and Impelled by I know not what Subterraneous Vapors like Bloud in the Veins But though all Water will run to its Levell yet if it be not also some way Impelled it will run very slowly and so swell and mingle by degrees as it can hardly be perceived to run wherefore it is observed in such Cutts and Aqueducts that if about a foot Fall be not allowed for every Mile there will be a very litle Current of the Water wheras Rivers run very swiftly and some of them with a very Rapid Current which must be by a farr greater Fall and therefore the Springs or Sources of all great Rivers must be farr within Land and also fall from much higher ground as the Author of Esdrâ—â— saith That the Flowds might powr down from the Rocks Having thus farr consydered the Cours of Waters from the Sea into the Air by Evaporation and from thence to the Earth and from the Mountains or higher ground therof to the Seas again which is the first and great Reciprocation therof whereby they are such Mutual Fountains each to other I shall now farther consyder that which we commonly call the Floud and Ebb or Tides of Seas and Rivers which is also another Mutual Reciprocation of Waters for so the Floud of the Seas is the Ebb of the Rivers and the Ebb of the Rivers the Floud of the Seas not Circularly as the other but only describing a very small Segment or part of an Arch like a Pendulum Now becaus so many several Hypotheses therof have been
they are therefore so Named let us not conceiv that we or any Angel could Mechanicaly form those Glorious Bodys by any the most curious Artifice and much less by our own Imaginations but acknowledg the Divine Creation and Original Institution of Aether and all the Luminarys therin which have been from this Begining therof and so shall continue and persevere untill the dissolution of this present Elementary World Ingenerable and Incorruptible in the Whole though not in all the Parts therof VI. Now let us prais the Father of Lights for all the Luminarys of Heaven the Sun and Moon and Starrs which the Heathen World formerly adored and which we ought all to admire and to adore him who is the Creator therof whose Gâ—ory the Heavens declare and the Firmament his handiwork which though we behold them according to their seeming Aspects yet we perceiv not their Real Magnitudes and Altitudes and much less their wonderfull Motions and Iâ—fluences and though they are but small Portions of one Element yet are many of them greater then any other and some of them then all the rest whose Positions are higher above us then the Center of the Univers is beneath us and whose Motions are without any Rest and yet swifter then of any other Bodys and stronger then of Spontaneous Spirits And they are all such Locomotive Automata in themselvs and every one Moved by his own proper Power going on in his own Path both distant and different from another but never from itself either in Space or Time which are the grand Horologes of Nature without any Weight Springe or Pendulum and yet farr more constant and certein not only marking and dividing by Lines and Numbers but making Day and Night and all the Seasons in the Year and such long Secula and Revolutions as probably shall never attein any Natural Period but be Violently prevented by the Final Conflagration which shall be effected by their own Aether and Element of Fire and all these Firebrands therof who as they were Supernaturaly Generated so shall also be Supernaturaly Corrupted And yet while this Elementary Globe doth stand it is Preserved and Governed by their Progresses and Circuits about the Inferior Orb who as they pass along scatter the Missilia of their various Influences And though they being a very great Multitude to us seem to be in a continual Rout yet every one of them marcheth in his own Rank and File and they are all severaly distributed into Troops and Partys of Constellations and the whole Host of them formeth one most Orderly and Powerfull Militia wherof Sol is the great General and Imperator who himself alone is able to conquer all the Inferior World not only by encountring it with his Victorious Presence which would burn up all before him but by his very Flight and Absence which would otherwise destroy them through their own Indigence and want of his Vital Heat who as the true Adonis brings along with him in his Accesses all the Fruits of the Year and Foetus of Animals and again carrieth away all that is Annual in his Recesses who is Sponsus Naturae As a Bridegroom coming out of his Chamber and rejoicing as a strong man to run his Race His going forth is from the end of the Heaven and his Circuit to the ends therof And there is nothing hid from the Heat therof SECTION XI And God said Let the Waters bring forth abundantly the Moving Creature that hath Life and Fowl that may fly above the Earth in the open Firmament of Heaven And God Created great Whales and every Living Creature that Moveth which the Waters brought forth abundantly after their Kind and every winged Fowl after his Kind And God saw that it was Good And God blessed them saying Be fruitfull and multiply and fill the Waters of the Sea and let the Fowl multiply on the Earth And the Evening and the Morning were the Fifth Day EXPLICATION God having prepared the Elements Vegetatives and Aethereal Luminarys in order to the production and for the use and service of Sensitives did then caus the Waters to bring forth Fishes whose Spirits were before latent in them according to their several Kinds and particularly Whales the greatest of all Animals and so also caused flying Fowls according to their several Kinds to be produced And this was their Specifical Goodnes and Perfection And after God had thus made them Good and Perfect in themselvs he added the Blessing of Procreation whereby Fishes should multiply in the Waters and Fowls on the Earth according to their Kinds And these were the Works of the Fifth Day ILLUSTRATION 1. Of Fishes and Fowls 2. Of Sensation 3. Of the five Senses 4. Of Imagination 5. Of Appetite 6. Of the Goodnes of the Works of the Fifth Day I. WE now ascend into the Region of Life which is not only above all Elementary and Vegetative Nature but also so farr different from them as the same Living Animal is from its own Dead Carcass and though I have termed them all generaly Spirits whereby I intend only Substantial Activitys though they do not breath and Live as Sensitives and the Soul of Man which â—herefore to distinguish from others I shall only call Souls or Psychâ— and so Hebraicaly they only are termed Living Spirits or Souls though as the Poets termed Water Stone Turf and the like Vive so both they and Philosophers conceived that Vegetatives did indeed Live as appears by their Fabulous Transmigrations of Animals into Flowers and Trees and their Anima Vegetativa wheras Scripture thus speaketh only Metaphoricaly when it mentioneth Living Water Stone Bread and the like or that Trees and Corn Dy and I shall never differ about Terms but only contend that Elementary or Vegetative Spirits are also Substantial Spirits which Expression they who also call them Vive may very well allow but I also affirm that they do not Live as these Living Spirits nor have any Perception or Appeâ—ite which is properly and truly Life as I shall shew heerafter to defend my self and all my Expressions from the Opinion of them who either affirm both Vegetatives and Elements yea Matter itself to be Sensitive becaus they have such Affections Inclinations and Principles Created together with their Substances and Imprinted in them by God according to which they Act and Operate and produce such Effects Naturaly as Sensitives do Ingeniously Spontaneously and Artificialy with Perception and Appetite Knowing Affecting and Intending what they do which those Inferior Natures do not nor cannot becaus they have no such Perception nor Appetite properly and truly though Metaphoricaly they are also ascribed unto them in respect to such Effects and also of ot hers who becaus these Inferior Natures have not any such Perception or Appetite therefore deny them to have any such Natural Principles so Created or Imprinted in them whereby according to their several Natures thus Originaly Instituted and setâ— in order they proceed to Act and
neither do we read nor can we reasonably suppose that any new Matter was Created afterward Nor was it Created in the very Begining only Matter or one Homogeneous Mass therof but one Body expressly distinguished into several Heterogeneous Members Celestial and Terrestrial or Heaven and Earth Nor was the Heaven and Earth thus only Different in Nature in their First Creation but also Distinct and separate in their Situations and not Confounded together but Created such several Members of the great Body of the World And as the Heaven is named before the Earth so were the Celestial Bodys above or without the Terrestrial incompassing them as now they do for neither do we read nor can we reasonably suppose that there was any other Separation or Disposition of the Celestial Bodys afterward as is expresly mentioned of the Terrestrial or Terraqueous Globe wherof and of all their several Situations I shall further discours heerafter II. The word Heaven Hebraâ—caly is Heavens not only Grammaticaly as the word God in this Text but Phisicaly and in the nature of the thing it self And so generaly the Hebrews distribute Heaven into three several Heavens of three several Natures Wherof the highest is also called the Third Heaven becaus it is Utmost and the last above us and encompasseth both the others and this I shall therefore call the Superaether The midst or Second is the Aether or Starry Heaven The lowest or First is the Air which Immediately encompasseth the Terraqueous Globe And these are all the Celestial Spheres wherof we read and therefore I can acknowledg no more however Astronomers have pleased to multiply them These three Heavens are thus built one upon another and all upon the Terraqueous Globe which is the Habitation of all Corporeal Animals as Amos elegantly expresseth it He that builded the Storys of the Heavens and founded his Troop on the Earth Of all the three Heavens the Third which is the Supreme is most Properly Heaven and therefore also is called the Heaven of Heavens by way of Excellency and so is specialy called the Temple of the most high God and is the Native Region and Province of Blessed Angels or Caelum Angelicum and shall be the Everlasting Habitation of the Spirits of Just Men or Sedes Beatorum Wherof we have no farther discoverâ— then only that it was Created together with the other two Heavens and so is Comprehended uâ—der one Common Name with them and probably because it was made Perfect in the Begining or first Instant of the Creation therof and so must continue for ever without any Elementary Mistion Generation or Corruption therefore we have no other account therof among all the Works of the Six Days wherein the Elements and whole Elementtary Nature and the Cours of Generation and Corrupti on therin was Set in order And accordingly I observ that wheras the other two Elementary Heavens Aether and Air are called Expansa and Firmaments this Superaether is never so termed but only Heaven probably becaus it is not capable of Expansion or Compression But as the Divine Wisedom hath conceled any farther notice therof and also given us very little Knowledg of the nature of Angels the proper Inhabitants therof as Impertinent for us to know in this present State so I shall not presume farther to inquire therinto or discours therof and indeed if the Hebraical Word Heavens be dualy rendred it must be intended only of Aether and Air. III. As the Aether and Air are Elementary and both of them Heâ—erogeneous from the Superaether and every of them one from another So are all of them from the Earth and Terraqueous Globe And as Heaven generaly Comprehendeth all the three Heavens so heer also Earth Comprehendeth both Earth and Water which were afterward formed into one Terraqueous Globe and by that general Name in this Text is not only to be Understood Earth particularly which was not so termed untill the Third Day and then also is called Dry Land nor the Terraqueous Globe such as it was made afterward but the Orb of Earth and the Water above it which is also mentioned afterward Thus we have a Discovery of what was Created in the Begining that is Superaether which is also Superelementary and Aether Air Water Earth which are the fower Elements as God the Creator hath declared and Moses reveled them unto us both in this Text and in the Context whom I shall believ before all Athens or any Modern Conceptions whatsoever and shall accordingly prove them heerafter And now upon this Subject Matter proceed to discours and first enter upon such Philosophical Consyderations therof as may concern them all and all Creatures Generaly and so according to the order of this History of the Creation Expatiate into more Particular Contemplations of their several Natures afterward The first and most Universal Consyderation of Heaven and Earth and of all Creatures whatsoever is that they are Entitys for since Creation is of Being from Absolute Nothing whatsoever is Created must necessarily Be otherwise it should not be Created So that an Entity is any Thing that Is which I confess is no more in effect then that an Entity is Entity whose Subject and Praejudicate Genuâ— and Difference is and must necessarily be the same becaus it is the same Genus Generalissimum of all Things without any Specifical Difference And heer I must also premise that in every Perfect and Proper Definition of any Specifical or more Particular Thing the Specifical or particular Differences therof must be Identical becaus the Specifical or particular Essence or Entity is the only true Specifical or Particular Difference of every thing But becaus we cannot know Essences as they are in themselvs therefore we declare things by their Propertys which is rather Description then Definition As in the Common Instance Homo est Animal Rationale Rationality is not the true Specifical Difference of Humanity though it be most Proper to Man becaus it is not his Specifical Essence and therefore doth not Define the Humanity it self Nor doth it indeed Comprehend all the Properties therof as Risibility and the like but only Describe it by one Proper Faculty So that the most Proper Definitions are only Vocabularys and Nomenclatures which yet are of good use to explain one Term by another whereby we may avoid all needless Caption and Contention about Terms and when the Thing intended thereby is clearly understood it shall suffice me And I have now made this Digressive Parenthesis to save my Self the whole labor of Defining and the expectation of any who otherwise perhaps might exact it of me but I shall use as clear and pregnant Declarations or Descriptions as the Thing will afford Thus I affirm Created Entity to be a Creature or whatsoever is Created which is also Convertible with it Again becaus the Created World doth Consist of several Heterogeneous and different Entitys and Natures into which Differences we must also inquire I affirm such a Different
a Phaeton Burning and Consuming them in the Torrid Zone therof And therefore is farthest Removed from them and Diverted by its own Perpetual Motion and Tempered by the Mediation of the Frigid Air or Drowned with the Clammy Water or Imprisoned in the Consistent Earth untill at last this Firstborn and Strength of Nature shall Destroy them all with an Universal Conflagration and turn the very Original Chaos into an Everlasting Gehennâ— Also Light the other of those Aethereal Gemini is as Amiable at Heat is Powerfull Actuating all the Visible Beautys of Nature and is farr more Beautifull in itself Discovering all that is between us in any of the other Elements and its own Profundity Adorning Culinary Fire with a Golden Flammeum so that Infants newly born are ravished with the Lustre and fix their Eys on the Beauty therof and all Domestical and Savage Beasts both Love and Dread the Majesty therof Which opening the Shopwindows of the World setts forth all the Wares therof with no fals Lights Inriching Gold itself with its Brightnes and Irradiating Jewells with its Rays Which maketh Day by its desired Presence and Night by its deplored Absence And is in itself the most Excellent Sensible of the most Excellent Sens and the Visible Hieroglyphike of Invisible Spirits and of all other Elementary Natures affordeth most both of Contemplation and Conversation to Sensitive and Intellective Animals SECTION VIII And God said Let there be a Firmament in the midst of the Waters and let it Divide the Waters from the Waters And God made the Firmament and Divided the Waters which were under the Firmament from the Waters which were above the Firmament And it was so And God called the Firmament Heaven And the Evening and the Morning were the Second Day EXPLICATION God having Perfected the Aether did by the Heat therof caus the Vapors of Water to Ascend into the Air when it also was fitly Expanded between the Aether and the Waters and thereby the Vapors of Water which were above were Divided from the Waters beneath And this Aereal Expansum was another Heaven and so Perfected in the Second Day ILLUSTRATION 1. Of the Air. 2. Of the Elasticity therof 3. Of Cold. 4. Of Sounds 5. Of Meteors therin 1. THe Air is the next Element to Aether and seemeth to be Continuous with it becaus it is also Diaphanous and doâ—h not Terminate the Sight And so it is called Firmament or Expansum as well as the Aether and also Heaven as well as the Superaether And becaus it is the next and Immediate Heaven to us therefore the general Name of Heaven is according to Hebraical Etymology most Proper and Peculiar to it though the Superaether be the most Stupendous Excellent Heaven in its own Nature as I have said And as we generaly call all that is above us Heaven so in that respect this is the First Heaven Aether the Second and Superaether the Third But it is in itself very Different from both them above it and also from Water and Earth below it and as Different from all the other Elements as they are generaly one from another becaus they are several Elements though particularly as they are neerer in Situation so also in Nature one to another And Air is of a Midle Nature between Aether and Water as Water is between Air and Earth and so consydered with the Aethereal Rays Emanant into it may be called an Aeriaethereous Sphere and with the Vapors and the Effluvia therof Ascending into it an Aquaereous Sphere as Water and Earth are a Terraqueous Globe And though becaus it hath Spiritualy less Sensible Qualitys then Aether and a less Dens or Gross Body then Water so that any Vessel filled with it is Comparatâ—vely said to be Empty and Poeticaly it is called the Inane aâ—â— Chymists in their most Curious Separations can not well discern it yet God who Created it hath discovered it to be a particular Element and one of the three Heavens and the Fowls of that Heaven feel and find it to be such in their flying therin and though it be in Rarity next to Aeâ—her yet both of them have some Density and a Proportionable Weight as I have said Also though it be farr more Rare then Water which is supposed to be about a thousand times more Dens then the Atmosphere according to the Common Temper therof and may be many times more Dens then Air Rarefied or Expanded yet perhaps as Water and Earth do more agree in Density so also Air and Aether which are both called Expansa in Rarity But as Air is thus Rare so it is not only capable of Compression more then Water but also of Dilatation or Expansion more then Aether which Expansion therof is now made famous by the Name of Elastâ—city wherof I shall purposely treat afterward and therefore not now prevent my self As Astronomers have devifed several Spheres and Regions in the Aether so have others also in the Air wheras indeed they have both only their own Proper Regions which are several becaus they are both of several Density and Rarity and of several Elementary Natures and so with the other two Divide the whole Elementary Globe into their fower several Provinces as I have shewed and if any could shew us any such Division Corporeal and Spiritual or either of them in the Aether or Air themselvs they should Prove what they Say and not only Say what they Imagin But though no Colorable Caus be offered to make such Partitions in Aether except the Various Motions of the Sydereous Bodys which Move in the Aether and are Moved with the Aether and need no such Proper Spheres as I have shewed yet there is a more Sensible Pretension to prove Three several Regions in the Air which will be also found to be like them in the Aether only in Notion and not in Nature for wheras they assigne the First Region to be and extend so farr as the Emanant Rays of Aether are Reflected from the Earth the Midle to be where that Reflection endeth and wherin the Meteors are and the Third above them and so Immediately Contiguous to the Aether I find no such Partition therof neither in the Text nor in Nature For themselvs do not apprehend the First Region to be many Miles high nor indeed can it be of any great Hight if it be below all Meteors Vapors Dews and the like which continualy Ascend into it from the Terraqueous Globe and are not very high but certeinly the Rays are Reflected much farther then any hath yet assigned the utmost Hight of the whole Air to be It is reported that the Pike of Teneriff and some such other Eminences of the Earth may be seen at the Distance of about three Degrees from them which can not be by the Direct Rays therof being no Lucid Bodys and therefore must be by the Reflected Rays of Aether which are Reflected so farr through the Air otherwise there could be no Vision
more then formerly it being in itself only the utmost Extent of a Weather-glass and Epitome of a Pump III. The First or Principal Quality of Air is Cold as Heat is of Aether which being Contrary do Mutualy Temper one another and thereby also preserve the Body of Water that it should not be wholy Resolved into Vapors by the Emanant Heat of Aether nor Congeled into Ice by the Contact of the Cold Air and both of them do extend the benefits of that Temperature to the Earth and all the Vegetatives and Animals therin But becaus some deny Air to be Cold before I proceed any farther I shall prove it I know not that ever any denied or doubted Heat to be the Proper Quality of Aether or Fire which also tâ—e Text doth imply becaus it is Synonymous and Connatural to Light and belongs to the same Element though Light be only mentioned for all the other Qualitys of Aether from another special Reason which I have already declared And expressly Drines is the Proper Quality of Earth which is therefore in the Text Emâ—nently called the Arida and so also our Saviour calls it in the Gospell that is the Primum Aridum Wherefore either Air or Water must be the Primum Frigidum but Water is apparently most Moist and so is every where termed in Scripture and by all Mankind except some Philosophers And that Air is most Cold was the antient Opinion of Pythagoraâ— and afterward of the Stoikes and may be proved by that very Argument whereby the Peripatetikes would establish the contrary Opinion which is their Syzygy of the Elements and their Fower First Qualitys for they say Air is most Moist and therefore Water is most Cold and so prove one Error by another wheras by the very same Induction I prove Air to be most Cold becaus that which themselvs assigne to be most Moist that is Vapor is plainly Water Rarefied and not Air nor like it in any thing but only in Corporeal Rarity which is very different from all Spiritual Qualitys and that Vapor is Water and not Air I shall evidently prove heerafter Also it doth very Sensibly appear by Wind or the Motion of Air which Cooleth and if it be not Vaporous but Pure and Clear Air though most Cold it drieth rather then Moistneth though as I have said before of Heat Drines or Moisture are not Congenerous with either but Indifferent between both it and Cold and may accompany one or other according to Circumstantial Causalytys But when Air is most Vaporous it is commonly most Tepid as appears by South Winds and the Surface of Water which is next to the Air and is soonest and most Congeled wheras Subterraneous Springs are never Congeled like Subaâ—reous Rivers but are rather observed to be Warmer in Winter and Cooler in Summer though perhaps not Positively but Comparatively and probably Earth hath more Misture of Aether and Water of Air and so Ice which is Congeled and Actualy most Cold is Actualy most Aereous whereby as they say it is more Expanded but Properly Rarefied Yet Water hath generaly some Actual Cold in it as may appear by Washing and especialy by Laving or Waving the Hand in it which Motion doth more Actuate the Cold of Water as Winds do Actuate the Cold of Air though as Heat in a Burning Glass doth not Instantly Burn so Cold which is less Active may not suddenly Cool and being Mingled with Vapor in all the Atmosphere the Air is thereby Tempered and doth Cool less and from many such Circumstantial Causalitys the Activity therof may be much abated And though it be generaly Actuated by Motion yet it is not therefore Motion as I have said of Heat and therin also proved Cold not to be either Rest or Motion formaly in itself and though Heat generaly caus some Motion yet Cold may be without any Sensible Motion as in Ice wherof the whole Body and all the Parts therof per omnia are Consistent and Immote And there may be a very notable Motion and Commotion without any notable Variation of Heat or Cold as if the Torricellian Tube be filled almost with Mercury or Water and some Air left in it and then stop'd with your finger and suddenly Inverted as I before mentioned you shall observ a very notable Commotion in the Ascent of the Included Air through the Body of the Water or Mercury almost like the Commotion that appears in the Dissolution of Metalls by Aqua fortis and yet no notable Variation of Heat or Cold which plainly shews that the notable Heat in the other is not from the Motion but rather the Motion from the Heat as heer it is from the Weight and so Motion being a Common Instrument both of Bodys and Spirits is Caused by any of them and sometimes doth Caus them Equivocaly but is not Univocaly in itself any other thing then Motion as I have shewed before generaly and shall still proceed to shew particularly in every thing which may Colorably be suspected to be only Motion Now though Aether and Air be the more Active Eâ—ements and Water and Earth less Active and consequently the Proper Qualitys of Aether and Air which are Heat and Cold more Operative and of Water and Earth which are Moisture and Drines less Operative yet they also again Differ among themselvs and so Cold is less Operative then Heat and Drines then Moisture Thus Heat by Contact or otherwise so Intens as to prevail against Cold doth sooner overcome it then Cold Heat as Fire Warms the Ambient Air almost Instantly but the Ambient Air doth not so suddenly Extinguish Fire in Iron Candent and though it prevail so farr against Flame as to to destroy the Individuality yet it can not prevent the Successive Generation therof Nor did the English or Dutch who Winter'd in Groenland or Nova Zembla find their Fires or Lights to go out in the Coldest Seasons And in their Antiperistâ—sis and Conflict Cold doth more Excite and Provoke the Potential Heat then Heat doth Cold for so it makes Flesh to Burn and Blister and Nive perustus is no such Improper Phrase but when the Cold overcomes the Heat it Mortifys and causeth Gangrenation which is sometimes prevented by applying a more Moderate Cold as of Snow or the like which doth not Profligate but rather Excite and Recover the Internal Heat again Thus though the Proper Effects of Heat be to heat and of Cold to cool yet by Antiperistasis they may Produce Contrary Effects which pilanly shews that there is such Antiperistasâ—s in Nature and not only in Notion Also from other Circumstantial Causalitys they may Produce other Collateral and Consequential Effects as I have already observed of Heat But wheras Heat first Rarefieth and then Condensateth contrarily Cold first Condensateth as Water in the Sealed VVeather-glass by the Frigefactive Power therof and so also in any Open Water and then Rarefieth by the Congelative Power therof as in Ice And as Metalls
offered by others and scarcely any two agree together I shall also present my Hypothesis among the rest not going out of my way nor farr from the Text to produce it which is this As I suppose that Rivers run from the higher parts of the Earth so also that the Main Ocean into which they run is some lower part of the Cortex therof which is the fittest Alveus to receiv it and therefore it is called the Deep and though I know not how deep the Fundus therof is yet certeinly it must be farr deeper then any of the Narrow Seas which run into it otherwise they could not so run into it and the Narrow Seas must also be deeper then the Rivers which run into them and they not only run one into another but with such a force and Current as doth plainly declare a proportionable Fall And while the Rivers so run into the Sea yet the Sea is not full and all these Waters certeinly do not sink into the Earth below the Fundus or into any vast Barathrum therof which would long since have been filled but apparently they Flow and Reflow continualy nor are they Imbibed by the Shores or Absorbed by Evaporation which is continualy according to that Reciprocation of Waters and Vapors that I before described and any Inequality therof can make very litle or no difference in this case Also we know that Water Impelling Water by Fall or Force if it hath no Vent or farther Passage will caus the Water so Impelled to rise before it becaus the Impuls driving it forward and consequently hindring it from flowing back when and where it is stop'd must caus it to rise and swell Thus the Rivers runing forcibly with such an Impuls into the Narrow Seas and they into the Ocean beyond which they do not nor cannot pass do certeinly caus it to rise and swell toward the Midle by such Motive Impuls and Current of all the Rivers and Narrow Seas on every side therof and then when it hath so raised the Pondus of the Water somwhat above the Levell of the Ocean and so farr as it can rais it no higher when that prevails against the Impuls and the Water of the Ocean begins to fall again it will drive all the Water between being a Voluble and Undulating Body as fast and as farr back again becaus it was Equivalent to the Impuls which so raised it whereby the Water between the highest Watermark of the Ocean to which it did so rise and swell and from which by reason of the greatest Pondus therof it began to fall back and the highest Watermark of the Rivers to which it can so fall back reflows into the Narrow Seas and Rivers accordingly that is above the Levell in the Rivers as it before proportionably rose above the Levell of the Ocean becaus as I said it is a Rowling and Fluctuating Motion which will ever be Reciprocaly higher at each end like the shorter Vibrations of a Pendulum and it doth not rais it so high as the Springs from which the Fall of the Rivers first began becaus the Fluctuation doth not reach so farr forward or backward and probably so much Water as is beyond the highest Watermark of the Rivers in the Canales therof and from thence to the Springs is by Evaporation continualy Exhausted from the Sea which returning to the Earth doth serv continualy to supply the Rivers though more or less according to the Operation of the Aether and Planets especialy the Moon which caus and regulate the Evaporation but generaly so as the Sea is never full nor the Rivers empty and by this Constant supply of the Springs and Rivers there is accordingly a Constant Fall of the Waters one way and an answerable Return therof by the Pondus of the Water of the Ocean so raised thereby as I have shewed the other way as if we suppose a Pendulum having a Constant and almost equal Impuls added to it one way and so Impelling it in every Vibration it will certeinly so return by its own Pondus and thereby Constantly and Equaly Vibrate And this I conceiv to be the account of Tides generaly though there are many particular Variations therof both Ordinary as the Menstruous and Extraordinary as Annual and Casual and I suppose the Menstruous and indeed the Diurnal Variation of the Tides therin to be from the Moon not that they do follow her Cours which is from West to East for so plainly they do not the Flux and Reflux being from all Shores to the Ocean and back again but as I conceiv that as the Sun raiseth those Dry Vapors or Fumes wherof I before discoursed by his vehement Heat and which caus no such Increas of Waters as I before mentioned so the Moon by her more moderate Heat principaly raiseth those Moist Vapors which so return into Waters and caus the Increas therof and this Influence of the Moon is sufficiently known in many other Instances but most eminently in Tides which accordingly observ her two Apogaea when she is farthest from the Earth and her Heat then most moderate and so the Tides are then highest when she is New in her first Apogaeum and Full in her Second every Month and so proportionably every Day between them Thus I have briefly delivered my Conception of this great Arcanum which I shall leav to be farther examined by others especialy the most expert Navigators and desire them to try it by these Criteria Whether the Tides do not Impell the Main Ocean from both the opposite Shores at the same time as most probably they should becaus the Impuls of the Rivers and Narrow Seas will not last so farr and so long as to drive the Water from one Shore to another cross the whole Ocean nor perhaps very farr into it but rather by driving it from both the advers Shores at the same time they make the Ocean to rise and swell a litle toward the midle as if several men with Brooms or the like at the two ends of some long Chanell should sweep the Water therin forward both ways following close after one another it will thereby be Impelled rising and swelling toward the midle and when they ceas by its own Weight fall and return both ways back again Again whether Tides be not less and less toward the midle of the Ocean and about the midle perhaps Imperceptible from which the Rivers and Narrow Seas Impelling it are farthest and so their Impuls more and more abated and the Water driven before them still rising and swelling the Weight therof is increased which at length makes the Return therof back again into the Narrow Seas and Rivers Also whether there be any Perceptible Tide in Narrow Seas and Rivers between such Tracts of Land which are most longinquous and farthest from the Ocean or whether they are not proportionably less and less as they are farther from it in any Parallel of the Earth becaus the Pondus of the Water
rising and swelling therin as I have shewed and thereby returning the Waters back again doth abate by degrees and may not reach so farr as such longinquous Seas and Rivers Lastly I desire it may once be ascerteined by them whether indeed there be any such Circumterranean Tide or Cours of the Main Ocean from East to West as is commonly supposed which certeinly is contrary to the Cours of the Moon nor do I find any ground or reason in my Hypothesis that might induce me to affirm it nor can the supposed Motion of the Earth solv all the Tides every way And this Circumterranean Sea is the Main Ocean that I intend and which as I conceiv is chiefly intended by the Congregation and gathering together of Waters mentioned in the Creation therof to and from which the Rivers thus flow and reflow and though it cannot return to cover the Earth as it did in the first Chaos or since in the Deluge yet as a Fascia it still environeth it round about and is the great Province of Elementary Water Extraordinary Tides are not so consyderable being Various and Casual and as they proceed from no such constant and certein Causes so they have no such certein and constant Courses The Annual Tides are observed by us in our Southern Coast to be generaly greater about November and February and accordingly we observ that about November when the Heat of the Summer is past and the Earth is filled first with Water the Springs begin to rise as we say in Fountains Wells and Ponds and apparently are seen to peez as we term it out of the Banks into Ditches â—nd to run more freely in Rivers and so again about February which is commonly said to fill the Dike after the Earth hath been bound with Frosts and is fully thawed and the Waters begin to run more freely whereby they caus such an Impuls therof which proceeds from such more general Confluvia and sudden Fluxes and so sudden Inundations may caus some Temporary Tides in some places but the Universal Deluge was Immediately by the Divine Power and Providence as God saith therof Behold I even I do bring a Floud of Waters upon the Earth which whether it were by producing all the Moisture in the Pores of the Spongy Earth which certeinly if it were all gathered together would make another great Sea and making it Miraculously to flow upon the Surface of the Earth instead of being imbibed by it as it is now a constant Fountain to supply the Rivers and Seas Naturaly and so may be conceived to be these Fountains of the great Deep which were broken up and by resolving all the Vapors and Fumes in the Air into Cataracts of Rain and so also opening those Windows or Floudgates of Heaven or otherwise I will not presume to determin becaus it was Miraculous and Preternatural But there are some litle Tides and Euripi so very strange and wonderful as have puzled the greatest Philosophers and I know no Colorable reason or account which any have ever yet given therof nor am I such an Oedipus as to unfold these Ridles of Nature which though they seem to be her ludicrous Disports and Galliards yet certeinly are according to some Harmonious Measures of answerable Causalitys though we may not hear them or do not hearken to them Concerning which I shall only relate an Experiment of which I must freely say Non inventa reperta est for I confess I received it from another who declared to me the Matter of Fact that he had done it but was not pleased to revele the Secret how it was done which yet after I had found out he acknowledged unto me to be the same The Invention was to make a Waterdial wherin the Water should rise and fall every twelv hours in this maner Let there be a Font or Basin of the Dial made with a Hole at the bottom and let there be a Pipe open at each end wherof one end must be applied to a Subterraneous Spring or the like Flux of Water and the other end closed to the Hole in the bottom of the Basin so as the Water may descend from the Spring being as high as the top of the Basin to the Hole in the bottom and through it reascend in the Basin in twelv Hours and as it so ascends by degrees every hour describe Lines in that side within the Basin And at the twelfth and last Line make another Hole in the other side of the Basin and let a Siphon be inserted toward the top of the Basin and closed to it so as the Water in the Basin may fill the shorter Leg therof hanging down to the very bottom of the Basin and just turn over at the Vertex of the Siphon and the Cavity of this Siphon must be doubly as capacious as the Cavity of the former Pipe so as to convey away doubly as much Water in the same time by the longer Leg therof out of the Basin as ran into it through the Pipe whereby though it continue still to run through the Pipe from the Spring yet the Cavity of the Pipe being only half so capacious as the Cavity of the Siphon it can run in only half so fast by the Pipe as it runs out by the Siphon which will be sett on runing by the Water ascending into the shorter Leg therof within the Basin when it rises to the Line of the twelfth hour and there turns over at the Vertex into the longer Leg without the Basin and that will carry it away doubly as fast untill the Siphon be emptied and consequently caus the Water to descend in other like twelv hours which must also be noted by Lines described on the other side of the Basin and when the Siphon is empty it will ceas runing and then the Water runing through the Pipe only will ascend into the Basin in other twelv hours as before and so continualy But becaus it is somwhat Curious and difficult exactly to make the Cavity of the Siphon doubly as capacious as the Cavity of the Pipe a Stopcock may be inserted into one or both of them whereby the just proportion of Water in them may be accordingly regulated Now though I can neither affirm nor do I know that there are any such Fonts Urns or Caverns in the Earth so disposed as in this Experiment whereby the Euripi are caused yet I know that it may possibly be so and if not yet I am assured that both this and any other Regularitys in Elementary Nature wherin there is neither Plastes nor Artist must be by some answerable Causalitys which I leav to others more particularly to Investigate V. The Earth which is last and lowest of all the Elements hath a most Dens Body of Matter though the least Active Spirit and so every Element hath a less Deâ—s or Gross Body of Matter accordingly as the Spirit therof is more Active and Vegetative Spirits are less Immersed in the Matter then Elementary
Demesnes of Man as it is said The Earth hath he given to the children of Men and becaus this whole Spectable World which Moses describeth was made for him and all the other Elements are as it were his Roialties therefore they all point to the Earth as the Circumference doth to the Center and are Inservient to it as that is to Man VI. The First or Principal Quality of Earth is Drines as I have shewed which is contrary to Moisture as Cold is to Heat But as the Earth is the most Brute and Dull Element so are also the Qualitys therof like unto itself and it is heerin most Analogous to the Passive Matter though it be in itself a Spiritual Substance Genericaly different from Matter as well as any others for there are such Analogys in Nature not only beeween Spirits but also between them and Matter as they are all Entitys and Substantial parts of the Univers though several Classical Natures differ Classicaly and Specifical Specificaly and Individual Individualy and these Differences are their proper Bonitys whereby they excell all others though otherwise generaly Superior to them as Matter is better Matter then any Spirit and so Earth is better Earth then Aether though the Spirit of Aether otherwise be Superior to the Spirit of Air and of Air to Water and of Water to Earth according to the Order of the Elements which God hath declared in the Creation therof And accordingly the Spiritual Qualitys of Aether are more Active and Powerfull then of Air and of Air then of Water and of Water then of Earth Yet as I said Drines is an Active Quality and Actively contrary to Moisture and not any less Degree therof and much less only a Privation of Moisture and though Moisture doth more notably Operate in and upon it as Heat doth upon Cold and if it be weakned by Comminution into Dust or Ashes and the like it seems not much to Resist but rather to Imbibe Moisture and almost to be Receptive of it as Matter is of Spirits yet there is some Mutual Operation as well as Active Contrariety between them and so Earth itself is called Dry Land and contradistinguished from Water in the Terraqueous Globe of them both and it is known accordingly to Operate by Drines both to Physicians in their Desiccating Emplastra and to Mechanikes in their Cementations and that Desiccation is not only by Evaporation or Exclusion of the Moisture but also by Mistion of both and Predomination and Prevalence of the Drines over Moisture for so in the utmost Adustion of Ashes or any Terra damnata there is Water and consequently Moisture in the Mistion therof which yet is not Actual but reduced to Potentiality by Driness and apparently in Congelation of Ice Glew Metalls and the like there is Water and so Moisture Potentialy which is again Actuated by Fusion but is not Actual before they be melted And as I said Moisture and so Drines are Indifferent between the other two Qualitys Heat and Cold and they between Moisture and Drines and they are no Secondary Qualitys each of other but Operate only by themselvs Univocaly and Efficiently for as Heat only doth heat and Cold cool and Moisture moisten so Drines and no other Quality but that doth properly dry though Equivocaly or Instrumentaly either Heat or Cold may dry as I have shewed And as I have observed of Heat that being the most Active and Predominant of all the Elementary Qualitys it hath also the most Confinements Imprisonments and Restraints and several ways of Reducing it into Potentiality as I have formerly shewed farr more then Cold which thereby hath such advantage against it so hath Drines against Moisture by the very Cession therof for though Drines cannot easily Profligate it yet is it Naturaly so very Fugitive of itself that it is still Flying away wheras Drines is more Fixed and much assisted therin by its own Connatural Quality of Consistence so that there is not any Body Dry which is not Consistent nor Moist that is not Fluid and yet Consistence is a several and distinct Quality both from Moisture and Drines becaus they are Actively contrary one unto another but neither of them to Consistence nor Consistence to them VII As Drines and Consistence are not one and the same Quality of Earth besides which there are also many other Qualitys therof as Magnetike Virtue and the like and so Heat and Light of Aether besides many other Qualitys therof as Planetary Virtue and the like so likewise are there several Qualitys of Air besides Cold and of Water besides Moisture which though unknown to us what they are particularly yet do generaly appear in the many various Mistions of all the Elementary Bodys and that want of a more particular knowledg therof is a chief caus and reason why we know so litle of Elementary Mistions wherefore I have begun to pry into them and advanced some few steps toward them to shew the way to others and though I may by some be judged to be too Curious heerin yet I am confident that there are such other Qualitys of every Element besides those which are commonly called First and that I have sufficiently made it to appear that they are such as do not like Second Qualitys subsist Immediately in the First and Mediately by them in the Substantial Spirit but every one of them Immediately therin as well as another and so I conceiv Consistence or Firmnes and Drines only to be Connatural Qualitys of the same Element of Earth and that Consistence doth Immediately Subsist in the Elementary Spirit therof and not in Drines as Fluidity is not from the other Qâ—alitys but rather from the Matter for so indeed all the other Elements are Fluid and Consistence is a proper and more particular Property of Earth alone which hath no Contrary as Drines hath nor doth contrarily oppose any one Qâ—ality of the other Elements but only is that whereby the Elementary Spirit of Earth doth render its own Body Firm and Solid so as no other Elementary Spirit not having any such Qâ—ality can Confirm or Consolidate its own Body which therefore remains Fluid and Weak as the Matter itself And this Terrene Consistence as it is not only Drines nor any Second Qâ—ality therof so much less is it Density for so Mercury is Dens but not Consistent though that also be assistant to it as well as Drines for Density as I have shewed is not any Active or Spiritual Qâ—ality but only an Affection of Matter itself superinduced or varied by the Densefaction of Spirits and Spiritual Qualitys as Figure which is plainly an Affection of the Matter is superinduced and varied by the Spiritual Qâ—alitys and therefore Density and Consistence are as different as Matter and Spirits wherin they do respectively Subsist and as I have thus distinguished Consistence from other Qualitys or Affections of the Spirit and Matter of Earth that thereby we may more discern it so
Motion of the Restitution therof and so causeth the Increments of the Velocity of the Motion of the Bullet And the Bullet in Descending also Impells and summoves that part of the Air which is beneath and before it and that part the next and so prepares a way or Vortex for itself whereby it may more easily and consequently more swiftly Descend But though it be true that either Addition of Force or Subtraction of Impediment may Accelerate Motion and heer perhaps both together do concurr and may somewhat conduce therunto yet I am not so Curious as others to apprehend either or both of these to be sufficient and the only Causes of so consyderable an Effect as the notable Increas of Velocity of Motion in such Descending Bodyâ— but rather ascribe it to the Internal and Proper Nature of the Motion itself which being capable of such Degrees in itself as well as Density in which it doth Subsist and while the Body was in Rest was only in Potentiality and no Actual Motion till it began to Move and as it then begins to Actuate itself so the longer it continues it doth still Actuate itself more and more by Degrees in the Natural Motion therof to the Center And there is no such Increment of Velocity in the Weighâ— of a Clock moving Sensim Nor is there any Attractive Virtue in the Center itself as I have said becaus that is only a Point wherin such Virtue can not Subsist and only a Term of Locality Downward which God hath Immovably fixed and ordeined so to be as the Circumference is Upward and it doth no more Attract Downward then the other doth Upward And any Equal Weight in the same Medium whether it be placed in a higher or a lower part therof Weighs and Moves Equaly first and according to the continuance of the Motion so are the Degrees of Velocity Nor is it from the Magnetike Virtue of the Earth for such Motions are Proportionably Equal as I suppose throughout and not Per Graduâ— but Per Saltum as I shall shew heerafter and I know no Difference heerin between a Bâ—llet of Lead and a Bullet of Steel or Magnet so Descending And the common Observation that Natural Motions are Swifter and Vâ—olent Slower toward their End is not generaly true of all but only of the Matter for the Planetary Motions are Natural but Equal Which Instance may well prove what I said formerly That Spiritual Motions are for Motion and Action but Motion of the Matter is only to Rest and therefore Slow when the Body is first Removed from its Rest any Remotion from which it Disaffecteth and Swifter as it draweth neerer to the next place of Rest which it Affecteth Also this plainly sheweth that Motion of Descâ—nt is Realy Different from all the former Affections of the Matter becaus it so Varieth itself though they continue the same Now it is also observable that according to the Increas of the Swiftness of the Motion so is also the Strength of Percussion for Swiftnes is a Conspissation or as I may so say Condensation of the Motion and all Condeâ—sation being an Union doth fortifie Again as Motion is an Advantage of Percussion so it is also of Penetration becaus Penetration is by Percussion and a Swifter and Stronger Percussion maketh a Swifter and Stronger Penetration which is observable in Bows Balists Catapults and the like wherin the quick and smart Delivery maketh the great Percussion and Penetration and Time is very consyderable heerin for if the Percussion be so Strong and Swift that the Body Percussed hath not requisite Time to Resist it pierceth through it as if iâ— were only a Medium as a Bullet shot Directly through a Bord or Glass maketh only a round Hole in it wheras the same Strength not so Swift would make it first Bend and Cleav or Break which shew a Partial Resistance And so if the Percussion be more Swift then Strong whereby it hath not requisite Time to Penetrate it will be more Resisted as a Bullet shot Obliquely will Reflect from Water or as they say Graze as also Oister-shells wherwith Boys use to make Ducks and Drakes as they call them wheras in more time they would Sink into the Water Also all Motions of Percussion or Penetration are Violent as to the Body Percussed or Penetrated though the other may Move Naturaly as a Bullet falling through Air or Water Naturaly Downward doth Violently Percuss and Penetrate the Air or Water which is thereby Dislocated and Violently Elevated as I have said and it seems to me that even that Motion of the Bullet is also as it were Violent in respect of the Place of Rest from which the Bullet first Moveth which maketh it to be so Slow at first and only Nâ—tural in respect to the next Place of Rest to which it Moveth which maketh it so Swift at last as I have said but the Bullet shot is first put into Motion by the External Impression and that Motion being wholy Violent is Swiftest at first and Slowest at last And yet the Motion continueth Proportionably according to the Impression though that last no longer then the very Contact and is Discontinued with it Nor can I conceiv that that there is any Continuation therof or Magical Line of Motion between such a Mover and Moved as some have fansied for the Impression being an Accident must necessarily Subsist in its own Substance and can not Migrate into another nor is the Potentia which maketh the Impression Emanant but Inherent Certeinly this is a Mystery in Nature and I know no Instance which doth more seemingly prove a Migration of Accidents and I suppose the disproving heerof will very much confirm the contrary Truth Now as I have said before the Matter having Naturaly in itself Motion is putt into it and the Motion Actuated by any Violent Impression as well as by Natural Tendence to Union or Station and that which is most wonderful heerin is that the External Impression doth not only Actuate the Motion at first but Divert the Natural Tendence therof Downward and Direct it another way But as I have said there is in Matter not only a Motion to Station which is Downward but also to Union which is generaly Directed by the other Downward but may be any way as sometimes it is Upward and this Motion which is most Natural and Principal is also the Universal Motion of Matter and being Diverted and Directed Violently by the External Impression doth carry the Body that way yet so as it doth only Divert and not destroy it or the other Notion of Descent which more Particylarly is to Station and that is Particularly also Natural whereby the Body hath still a Nisus and Inclination that way And the Diversion of the Motion being Violent is as I have also said Strongest at first and the Natural Weakest and so the Violent Diversion doth overcome the Natural Motion of Descent and Proportionably Divert it as in
and Heat as well as of Flint and Steel Also let them shew what Connatural Analogy there is between these two very Different Motions of Circulation and Collision which yet do both Generate Light But I suppose I may fully satisfy them with one Consyderation which is that the Motion of Emanant Light is so Swift and Momentaneous that there is no Corporeal Mover in Nature which may Move the Diaphanum so swiftly certeinly the Motion of the Sun is Comparatively as Rest and Sloth in respect therof and therefore can not Generate Light by his Impulses becaus the Pulses Caused thereby can not be Swifter then the first Impressions And though it be true that any Consistent Body though never so long being Moved in any Part or Point is Moved in the Whole almost Instantaneously and Simultaneously becaus it is Consistent yet Air which is the great Diaphanum and Vehicle of Light is not Consistent but Fluid and so is Aether as I have before shewed and a Ship sailing in Water which is more Consistent then either of them doth not Move it many Leuks as a Stone thrown into a Calm Sea will not make Circles therin many Miles much less can the Circumgyration or any other Motion of the Sun Caus such Pulses in all the vast Aether Air and Water and wheresoever there is any Aethereal Light Nor doth every Motion of one Body in another make a Commotion and Puls therin as a most smooth Globe turning round in Air or Water doth not Impell much nor make any great Friction or Attrition but only slideth by the Ambient Body and the more Swiftly it so Moveth the less Commotion it maketh in any other Body or as an Intire and Solid Bullet flying in the Air maketh litle or no Nois which is only made by Commotion as I shall shew heerafter Wherefore if the Sun thus Move most Swiftly in a Fluid Aether both Circularly and Progressively he maketh litle or no Commotion or Impuls as manifestly â—e maketh no Sound or Nois by such Motion therin and certeinly none in the Air or Water wherin yet manifestly there is Light Again though the Emanation itself be a Motion in itself yet it causeth no Continued Commotion in the Diaphanum as when it Moveth through Glass which is a very Consistent Body and would easily discover any such Motion or Tremor yet I suppose any such Motion therin by the Irradiation of Light can never be discerned with any Mâ—croscope however certeinly when the Motion of Emanation ceaseth and the Emanant Light hath filled all the Sphere therof it Moveth no more but atteineth its Rest and so is neither Moved itself nor doth Move the Diaphanum and yet it is Light still as it it was before and so the Motion therof is only the very Eâ—anation which is Instrumental in Diffusing the Light and Caused by the Spiritual Quality therof and not the Light by it which is another thing and of another Nature very farr Different from it Also Light Moveth through a more Dens Diaphanum as well as it doth through a more Rare is not so Resisted by Density or Consistence as Bodys are in their Motion but only by Opacity which is Contrary to it and that doth Refract or Reflect it as swiftly and when it is Perpendicularly Reflected back into itself there is another Motion therof or Reduplication of itself Directly Opposite to the Emanation in the same Perpendicular Line and at the same Time per omnia which could not be if it were any such Corporeal Motion and yet the Light is not Obstructed or stop'd but very much Augmented as well as the Heat by such Reduplication therof IV. Having discovered such a Quality in Nature as Opacity which is Contrary to Light though it be not so Conspicuous and therefore is not so much regarded but denied or neglected by others as many such Antiqualitys as I may so call them are becaus they are not so Agile and Active as their Contrary Qualitys but are for Contemperation Fixation therof I shall now proceed to consyder this Opacity in the Mistion therof with Light whereby it doth so Contemper and Fix it and whereby also we may very plainly discover it For as the Mistion of the fower Elements doth Produce so many Various Quintessential Composita by the Production and Actuation of perhaps more then fower several Qualitys in every one of them and Variation of them and their several Degrees according to that Arithmetical Rule of Changes which I formerly mentioned so particularly the very Mistion of Light and Opacity and the Various Degrees therof Produce many notable Variations And so not only Color generaly is Produced by the general Mistion therof but all particular Colors by the particular Variations therof And first as I have shewed Light itself could not Exist without some Opacity and much less be Visible without it any more then Opacity without Light and therefore Light Objective and Visible doth always appear in some Color or other whether it be Direct as in the Sun which is a Radiant Yellow and in the Moon which is White and the Aether which is Blew or of some such Colors or Reflex as in the Rainbow wherin all those Simple and other Mist Colors do appear and though Light which is not Objective doth cast a Brightnes and Darknes a Shadow and thereby may Intend or Remitâ— Colors yet they Caus not any Color more then Colors them which yet cast some such Proportionable Brightnes or Sadnes as Rooms Painted White or Black but the Light of the Sun Reflected from Water is Yellow and the Moon White and the Aether Blew which also maketh Seas and Hills at a distance in Sude Weather to appear Blewish though as I have said Density and Profundity are also in that Aethereal Blewnes Analogous and somwhat Assistant to Terrene Opacity as Rarity and Tenuity are to the Aethereal Brightnes But if the Common Light though that also have some small Misture of Opacity were Visible in itself without Opacity we should see nothing besides it as we can not well see through Flame which is Objective Light wheras Light doth render all things Visible and more Visible by the greater Illustration therof and so it is said to be Actus Diaphani rendring it Actualy Perspicuous which was Potentialy such before in itself and so also it doth Actuate the Visibility of Fixed Colors but not the Colors themselvs which are Fixed by Mistion Internaly in themselvs and doth Externaly Illustrate them exceedingly by any greater Brightnes therof But Light passing through Painted Glass is by the Union therewith and Direct Species of the Colors also passing through it with the Direct Rays of Light Imperfectly Tinged as the Yellow and Blew of the two several Painted Glasses is by the Local Union therof and such Tinged Rays of Light being Reflected are Visibly Colorous becaus they were Tinged before by their Passage and Penetration through the Body of the Diaphanous Glass
Comprest and the Predomination of the Spirit not Varied by Corruption and therefore it reteineth still such an Actual Nisus which when the External Violence is removed becomes a Motus ad Restitutionem And yet both the former and the latter are generaly Confounded together which hath so much Confounded the right Knowledg and Understanding therof but being thus clearly Explained and Distinguished will very much facilitate and clear our Discours therof And this may evidently appear in all the Experiments of Rarefaction and Condensation or of Expansion and Compression As first in the Sealed Weather-glass which is the true Thermometer without any Communication with the External Air and accordingly with the Variation of the Density or Rarity of the Body therof from which it is defended by being so Sealed and is only Varied in itself by Heat or Cold which are Spiritual Qualitys Penetrating the Glass or Operating upon it by their Emanant Contact and consequently upon the Water or any other Liquor within it which whatsoever it be we will generaly call Water and if Cold have no Emanant Rays like Heat yet it may as I have shewed Generate Univocaly a Potential Cold in the Glass and so thereby also in the Water by Producing the Potential Cold therof into Actuality as also Sound which is another Quality of Air Mist in the Compositum therof may be so Produced as I shall shew heerafter And therefore the Water in the Sealed Weather-glass doth not Fall in Hotter Weather nor Rise in Colder as in the Open Weather-glass but Contrarily Rise in Hotter and Fall in Colder Weather becaus the Included Water being Intrinsecaly Rarefied by the Heat doth Extrinsecaly Compress the Air which also would itself be Rarefied and hath therefore an Intrinsecal Nisus therunto in itself but yet is Comprest Violently by the Water which is more Dens and Robust in itself and the Air more Rare and Tender in itself and so again the Included Water being Intrinsecaly Condensated by Cold doth Extrinsecaly Expand the Air which also would of itself be so Condensated and hath therefore an Intrinsecal Nisus therunto in itself but yet is expanded Violently by the Water which is Condensated and being more Prepotent as I have said doth so Expand and draw down the Air to fill the Space which it hath left Ne detur Vacuum Also if the Sealed Weather-glass be carried up to the Top of the highest Steeple or Hill where the External Air is much more Rare then at the Bottom yet the Water will not suddenly Fall as in an Open Weather-glass becaus the Water and Air in the Sealed Weather-glass have no such Communication with the External Air and the Corporeal Rarity or Density therof but is only Rarefied or Condensated by Internal Heat or Cold and that can not so suddenly be Produced in it as to make any such Variations wheras in the Open Weather-glass becaus it is Open the External Air doth Corporealy Communicate with the Included Air and so by Mingling with it doth suddenly Vary the Rarity or Density therof as Vinegar Mingled with thick Ink or the like And therefore the Included Air is suddenly Varied and sooner by the Rarity or Density of the External Air then by the Heat or Cold therof which require more Time Univocaly to Generate Heat or Cold in the Included Air whereby it may be Rarefied or Condensated in itself wheras if the External Air be Actualy more Rare though more Cold from other Circumstantial Causalitys as in clear frosty Weather or the like the Included Air in the Open Weather-glass will also be more Rare becaus as I have shewed it doth Communicate and Mingle with it and so if it be more Dens though more Hott as in a Minepitt the Included Air will be also more Dens for the same Reason and consequently the Water will Fall in the former and Rise in the latter Experiment so that the Open Weather-glass is indeed rather a Pycnometer as I may call it Also in the common Experiment of drawing up Water in an Urinal or other Vessel by Flame or heating the Vessel assoon as the Actual Flame which did Actualy Rarefy it is Extinct the Air is again Condensated and the Water will ascend suddenly or more slowly if it be heated and afterward so Mingle with the External Air and Participate of the Rarity or Density therof like any other such Pycnometer for so it stands at that Hight wherunto it hath Ascended and will be Varied afterward as in any Open Weather-glass by applying Heat to the outside of the Glass which will make it to Fall and when that is abated to Rise again and not stand afterward as low as it Fell as it doth at that Hight which it atteined by the Calefaction before And it is consyderable in this Experiment that the Air is Rarefied so notably in the Glass by Flame or Fire within the Glass together with all the Fume therof and yet the Rarefaction of both which is Proportionably as much in Extension as the Water which Ascendeth afterward doth not Depress it below the Stagnum therof in the Basin wherefore certeinly it must pass out of the Glass whose Neck is filled and closed with the Water therin equaly with the Levell of the Water in the Basin as the Top of the Torricellian Tube is with the Mercury that is in it by some such ways and passages as I shall heerafter discover and declare concerning the Torricellian Experiment And it doth not depress the Water below the Stagnum therof in the Basin as Air Rarefied within an Open Weatherglass doth the Water therin below the Standard therof becaus in this Experiment the Water not having yet Ascended above the Levell therof in the Basin doth not Superpend nor hath any such Nisus to Return downward or descend as in the Open Weather-glass or Torricellian Tube wherin the Cylinder of Water or Mercury doth so Superpend upon and above the Stagnum and therefore hath such a Nisus of Returning again Downward as I shall also shew afterward And so also in this Experiment after the Water hath Ascended in the Glass and hath thereby such a Nisus of Returning Downward again if the Air above it within the Glass be then Rarefied again by heating or the like the Water will fall as well as in any other Open Weather-glass as I have shewed And the true Reason heerof is not from any Natural Springe of the Air or Abaction or Pulsion outwardly as I before noted becaus the Expansion is Violent and beyond the Natural Density of the Common Air and the Restitution to it Inwardly Natural as of bent Steel to its own Natural Figure for that which is more Constant and Proper is Natural and the other Violent Wherefore also the â—râ—e Reason why in this or any other Open Weather-glass the Water doth not Return to its Levell unles the Air within the Glass be Rarefied so farr though it otherwise might not being Imprisoned as in the Sealed Weather-glass is becaus
in the Extratorricellian Tube which by the Descent and Weight of the Mercury in the Stagnum Comprest it should in this Extratorricellian Experiment stand at the same Hight as in the common Torricellian Experiment which yet it doth not but above it becaus a very litle of the Air so very much Expanded doth suffice to fill the small Space above the Mercurial Cylinder in the Torricellian Tube in this Experiment and to suspend the Mercury and therefore when so much of the Mercury as before filled that Space doth after the Inversion Reâ—tagnate in the Extratorricellian Tube the rest of Air which was Included therin is thereby Proportionably Comprest and by the Elastical Potentia of that Compression bears up the Mercury and Cylinder therof somwhat higher then in the Torricellian Experiment which doth Concurr with what I said before concerning the drawing down of the Mercurial Cylinder by Expansion of the Included Air in the Receiver of the Airpump or Expansor for so contrarily the Compression of the like Included Air in this Experiment doth bear it upward and plainly appears to be stronger then any pretended Pressure of the Atmosphere And this may further appear if you open the first Close End of the Extratorricellian Tube for then the Included Air therin so Comprest will issue forth with a litle Poppysm which is a manifest sigâ—e of the Compression of Air and then the Mercurial Cylinder will fall down to the usual Standard And yet more Visibly if you carefully close the first Closed End of the Extratorricellian Tube with a litle piece of Bladder when both the Tubes are Inverted as before the Bladder will apparently strutt and stiffly rise up and not be born down by the Atmosphere as hath been supposed and then the Mercurial Cylinder will not stand altogether so high as before but proportionably lower according to the more Space gained by the strutting of the Bladder And if the Torricellian Tube be Open at both Ends and you stop one with your Finger beneath and then it be filled with Mercury and so you Invert it with your other hand and place it in the Stagnum it will notably Introsuct your Finger which by the Inversion will then be above it in stead of Air becaus it is next to the Mercurial Cylinder and Weight therof and yet it will also Introsuct Air below it to fill the Space above it and all such Introsuctions are manifest Symptoms of Air Expanded and not of any Vacuity which as it can not Extrude so neither can it Introsuct any Body nor doth need any Body to succeed as Plenitude doth but those forcible Introsuctions are from that Elastical Potentia of a Body Expanded which is to Restore itself to its own Natural Density and other Successions of any Body against the Natural Motion therof are as I have shewed only to prevent Vacuity Nor is such Introsuction any Pressure of the Atmosphere above the Finger but most Sensibly only a Torture beneath it Wherefore it is sufficiently evident that the Space above the Mercurial Cylinder is filled only with Expanded Air which they who deny do thereby shutt their Eyes against a very Curious Improvement which otherwise they might make therof by Inquiring farther how very subtily and strangely the Air doth pass into the Torricellian Tube so prepossessed with the Mercury Which I shall now also consyder And I can easily grant to others and my self that it doth not nor can it Possibly pass and Penetrate through the Extensive Body of the Glass or Mercury becaus itself is also an Extensive Body and two such severaly Extensive Bodys can not be in the same Place which as I have said is only Extension in Relation to the Substance of the Body itself which thereby is in such a Position and Place as it is in respect of all other Bodys in the Univers nor can there be any such Penetration of Extensions or two Extensions in the same Vbi becaus it is the Position of the Extensions and so there can not be two Positions of one and the same Extension though by Condensation and Rarefaction Compression and Expansion the Extension itself may be Varied the Matter being the same as I have formerly shewed and doth plainly appear by these and all other Instances therof Also I conceiv that neither the Glass which is a very Imporous Body nor the Mercury which is Fluid hath any such Pores in itself through which the Air might pass without Penetration but that the very great Force and Violence of the Introsuction which I have before discovered doth make Temporary Pores or rather some pervious Passages which are those very close and Indiscernible Strainers through which the Air doth pass in the Body of the Mercury itself into the Tube and thereby is so very much Expanded As when Boys blow through a Qâ—ill or Cane into Water wherin there are no Pores before yet the Force and Violence of that Blast doth make such Temporary Passages whereby their Breath passeth through the Body therof in manifest Bubbles so when a Drawer fills his Wine out of a Pott held very high into a Glass below some Air between is by the Fall dashed into the Wine and appears therin in very small Corpuscles which he therefore calls Nitts and again Ascend in small Bubbles standing on the Surface of the Wine and so in the common Experiment of Tobacco taken through a close Vessell almost filled with Water whereby the Fume of the Tobacco shall pass from the Pipe through the Water to the Mouth of him who so Introsucts it which is very like the Introsuction of the Air through the Mercury by the Weight therof and though the same Body doth Introsuct through itself in the Torricellian Experiment which is also consyderable wheras in all the others the Operation is by another yet I do not apprehend this Diversity to make any Difference in the Reason of the thing itself for so as there be a sufficient Force thus to Introsuct it is all one whether it be by the Force of the same Body or of another or whether it be by a Potentia or Pondus and the Mercury in the Torricellian Experiment is putt into such a Posture as it can not Descend with all the Weight therof unles it first make way for another Body that is the Air so to pass through it and to succeed it Ne detur Vacuum which it doth as I have said by the very Weight therof and so the Air passeth through it though not without very much Resistance and Commotion either by Indiscernible Bubbles or some such Passages And being so Introsucted by the Overweight of the Mercury and to Prevent Vacuity the Weight of the Mercurial Cylinder below it is as if there were an Introsuctive Potentia above it which might be sufficient so to Introsuct Air through it as the Breath of a Man is sufficient to Introsuct it through a litle Body of Water wheras the Pondus of the Mercurial Cylinder is farr
Drops and the main Body therof is in the mean time carried about to Water a greater Space of Ground and so Dews which are Vapors not drawn up so forcibly nor so high commonly by the Nocturnal Tepor soon fall down again upon Trees and Herbs and are there collected and hang in Drops And if the Air be very Cold whereby these Moist Vapors are Congelated then accordingly they either fall in Hail as Icicles and Stiriae in some Cold Caverns of the Earth and by their very Stillicidation and Agitation are formed into such Corpuscular Figures which could not be if they had ever been one Intire Body of Ice in the Air. And if the Cold be not so Intens and the Vapors much Agitated before and in their Congelation then they are turned into Snow which is only frozen Spume and being a Lighter Body is therefore longer Suspended in the Air and there Congeled in whole Lumps as appears plainly in the Alps but falling lower in our lower Regions breaks into Flakes And Dews which do not Ascend higher are turned into Frosts Or there is another kind of Vapor Produced by the more Violent and Caustike Power of Heat and which is Burnt and Adust thereby and therefore we call it Fume or Smoak which is more Desiccated and Consistent and hath such Terrene Qualitys wherwith Water is Mist Actuated in it and so will continue longer and is rather Actualy Dry then Moist And there are some such Dry Mists lower in Summer and they portend Dry Weather commonly And of these Fumes are the Bright Clouds which indeed are more Properly Clouds and have a particular Name in Hebrew Composed and they are usualy higher in the Air then the others being so raised by the greater Heat and so the Sky is also Exprest by their Name And more moist Thunderclouds which are of the other kind and usualy Resolved into Rain are lower then these Bright Clouds and many times go one way while the others go another way But I suppose that these Bright Clouds which are therefore so called becaus they do more Equaly Reflect the Sun beams like a Molten Speculum as hath been said commonly are not Resolved into Rain and therefore are termed Clouds without Water but that according to the Hebraical Etymology by farther Concoction and Condensation or Compression and the Agitation of the Air they are at length broken and Comminuted into those litle Bodys or Pulviscles which we call Motes and are Visibly seen in Sun beams and continue so in the Air floating up and down longer then any dust of the Earth or as the Poet calleth it Cloud of Dust which almost as suddenly falleth as it riseth Wheras these being more Fuliginous and Light do wander up and down much longer though at length they also Descend and Subside on the Earth otherwise they should clogg and choak the Atmosphere which yet is usualy replenished with them and we drink them in continualy as Horses do Mudd the Water to thicken it And so Fishes Introsuct Air which contrarily doth Temper their more Dens Drink and make it more Thin and which they suck in and through the Water as I have shewed in the Torricellian Experiment and when they would suck it in more freely come toward the Top of the Water whereby the Air in the Introsuction therof passeth through a less Strainer and they cannot long Live without some Introsuction of Air as appears in Ponds frozen wherin we use to break Holes in the Ice for that purpose and accordingly the Fishes come to them even to the very Top of the Water to Refresh themselves with the fresh Air which they there Introsuct and are so greedy of it or sick for want of it that they are easily taken though also several sorts of Fishes require severaly more Rare or more Dens Drink as River fish will be stifled with Mudding the Water and Seafish grow faint in fresh Water and the like And indeed our Atmosphere is not nor may not be pure Air as is found by them who have been in the Tops of the Andes and by the Experiments of Birds and Beasts in the Airpump or expansor which are almost Exanimated thereby and also by the Tension and Elasticiâ—y of the Air which is able to draw up Mercury in the Stagnum and very consyderable Weights And Breathing is not only Spiration but Reciprocaly Inspiration or Drinking in of Air And there is much more Inspired then Respired which is the Atmospherical Drink and perhaps some kind of Aliment of the Spirits but very much Vapor is Excreted by Perspiration And there is very great Difference of the Atmosphere in several Habitations Higher or Lower as may appear by the Pycnometer But I conceive generaly that such a Temper of the Atmosphere as was in the first Expansum is most desirable and healthfull which whatsoever it might be otherwise was rather Mingled with Vapor or Waters above then with Fume And it is requisite in an Healthfull Air also that Excrementitious Vapors as well as Fumes which continualy Ascend into the Air be Purged and Dispersed continualy by Wind or some Agitation of Open Air and therefore Close Rooms are very Offensive and almost Stifle the Breath especialy if they be Vaporous as newly Plasterd or With a Charcoal Fire in them which strangely Alters the Air by a sudden and vehement Rarefaction And because the Water doth most evaporate therefore there is a chief Consyderation to be had therof whether it be Pure or Moorish or Brackish for Salt also will be Volatilised as I have said and because the Earth doth also Evaporate and not only the Vapors therin but Rarefied Corpuscles of Earth do also Ascend with the Vapors Consyderation is to be had therof as whether it be Sandy or Chalky which Emitt least or best Corpuscles or Fenny or Slimy which are worst So that in the Situation of Houses there is also regard to be had of the Soil and of the Atmosphere which is an Aliment or at least a great and continual Instrument of Life and must be Consydered as some part of Houskeeping The Wind which Purifys the Atmosphere is rightly termed Aer Motus as the same Hebrew word signifys both and I easily grant it to be no special Quality in itself but only Motion and Agitation of the Air which is a very Fluid and Mobile Body and is Moved Variously by the Vapors Variously Ascending into it and other Meteors in it and such Circumstantial Causalitys more or less Condensating or Rarefying it and which render the Weather-cock as Unstable as the Weather-glass And where the Motion begins it drives forward the Parts of the Mobile Body of the Air one upon another and where they find any Vent or Passage they being in Motion flow thither like Water whereby in some places there are more Constant Etesiae and Tradewinds as they call them like Vento's or Ventiducts made by Art and this was one of Columbus his Arguments that there
may more freely succeed as I said concerning the boiling pott and so it may be observed in Saltworks or the like But though such more Heterogeneâ—uâ— and less Aqueous Bodys as Butter Oil Turpentine and the like will not easily mingle with Water or other such Bodys nor become Continuous with them yet if they be Fluid they may be notably Contiguous becaus they can conjoin themselves to every part and pore therof and do notably Cohere to and with Consistent Bodys by their own Unctuous Glutinosity yea even Water itself though neither Unctuous nor Glutinous so will Cohere and so would Mercury also if the Weight therof did not oversway it And I suppose the Experiment of the Capillar Tube to be from this Cohesion and the Homogeneity of Water and another Conjunct Reason which I shall assigne afterward for I know no such Spiritual Homogeneity between Water and Glass which is rather Terreous though Poets call Water Vitreous but as I have shewed the whole Body of Matter is Homogeneous in itself and Continuous with itself though Spirits may be Heterogeneous and by their Heterogeneity Discontinue their Bodys of Matter therefore as when by reason of their Consistence or otherwise they cannot perfectly close together other Bodys do and must Intervene to prevent Vacuity so when themselvs can so close they also in like maner prevent it themselvs and so need noâ— but rather exclude the Intervention of any other Bodys by their own Praepossession whether such Contiguous Bodys be Homogeneous or Heterogeneous becaus they are all Bodys of Matter whatsoever their Spirits may be and so polished Metalls will Cohere to Marble aswell as Metall to Metall or Marble to Marble and thus Water being Naturaly as Smooth and of as equal a Surface as any Glass can be made Artificialy and being Contiguous to the Capillar Glass doth notably Cohere as it will to any Smooth Glass so that it can very hardly be shaken off by swinging or the like though it will more easily slide by its own Weight or Pondus as polished Marbles will one from another being moved by any Potentia whereby Air may succeed at the Edges therof though otherwise they will not be pulled one from another Parpendicularly with less Power then if they were so farr Imperfectly Continuous and so according to the proportionable Weight of the Water in the Capillar Tube it doth descend and depart from its Contiguity And thus the Inside of the Tube of Glass which is therefore Capillar becaus the Cavity therof is not much bigger then an Hair being Madefied either by other Water or by the Vapor of that Water wherin it stands which as I have said doth always Evaporate if it be not obstructed Madefying the Glass by Degrees though very slowly and in much longer time and the Glass being either way Madefied with Water in the Inside therof which as I said sticks so closely to the Consistent Body therof and reaching down to the Water wherin it stands and which is Homogeneous with it both the Waters do mingle and would flow together as all Aqueous Bodys Naturaly do and becaus the Water in which it stands being Stagnant and having no Actual Weight cannot draw the other down to itself being so strongly Coherent to the Inside of the Glass as I have shewed that upper Water according to the strength of the Cohesion draws up thâ— lower Water to itself so long and so high untill â—he Weight of the Water so drawn up doth oversway it and accordingly it lifts up and keeps suspended a proportionable Cylinder of Water higher or lower as the Cavity of the Tube is less or greater and becaus that Cylinder of Water is supported as I said by the Cohesion to the Sides of the Tube which is therefore strongest at the Sides the Water so supported is there highest and so less and less and lowest in the midst whereby the Surface of the Cylinder becomes Concave wheras Mercury will not so ascend by reason of its over-weight which as I have said doth prevail against any such Cohesion with Glass and therefore also if the Capillar Tube be sett in it the Surface within the Orifice therof will not be Concave but Convex becaus by the Orifice of the Tube the Mercury which is a farr more Consistent Body then Water is deprest most at the Sides and so thereby less and less and therefore is highest in the midst Also Water hath some Consistence in it from the Terreity that is in the Mistion therof and this is the other Concurrent Reason which I before intimated for if it were wholy Consistent as Earth or Fluid as Aether the Experiment would not Succeed but by the partial Consistence therof it doth also somwhat Rope as we say or hang together and so by the Homogeneity of the Water in the Tube and that wherin it stands meeting and mingling together and being apt to flow together one way or other the Water in the Tube having the advantage of Cohesion and Prevalence therof above the Weight of the Water in which it stands doth so farr draw it up untill they both become Equipollent and then there they stand And thus if you fill a Glass Cruet almost to the top with Water and then incline it toward the Nose therof so as the Water may run farther into it then when it stood erected Perpendicularly and then very gently revers it and erect it again Perpendicularly as before the Water will stand in the Nose proportionably above the Levell therof in the Neck of the Cruet as it will in the Capillar Tube and both are from the same Concurrent Reasons which I have declared Nor do we discover the Symptoms of any other Motions of the Water afterward or any farther advantage gained by such Elevation therof neither will it so run in a Siphon higher or more swiftly then it would do otherwise And though the Subsilience of the Water in the Capillar Tube be very quick and per Saltum as generaly such Motions are yet it is not very strong as you may perceiv if you stop the upper Orifice of the Tube with your Finger which will hinder the Ascent therof becaus it hath not sufficient strength to Compress the Included Air. But this Experiment plainly discovers the Continuity of Matter and Spiritual Appetite of Union that is between Homogeneous Natures especialy Elementary being next to Matter which can never be Disunited from itself as Material Spirits and their Bodys may be which yet being Actualy United will flow together if they may and cannot be so easily Divelled as Heterogeneous And it shews that there is some Earthy Consistence even in Water which appears also in Bubbles that are as Skins of Water including Air and as the Heterogeneous Air doth Conglobate within which makes the Bubble Spherical so it doth thereby resist the Air without Also not only thicker Liquors but even standing Water hath some such Skin upon it so that a Needle very gently laid upon
it will not sink so fast at first as when it hath broken through that Skin And so we see such Cobwebs on the ground as Husbandmen call them but this Terreity most notably appears in Vapor Adust or Fume which turns into a Soot in Chimnys not only as Motes but in larger Pulviscles and so in Conglaciation of Ice which discover plainly a Misture of Drines and Consistence that are Earthy Qualitys with the Moisture of Water Also we may observ how in Filtratioâ— Water ascends as in the Capillar Tube but by many Steps and Degrees and then descends by the Over-weight as in the Siphon and as it would in the Capillar Tube so made and posited and then madefied but not otherwise III. Though I suppose there may be several other Simple Qualitys both of Air and Water besides the First as they are called that is Cold of Air and Moisture of Water as well as Light and others besides Heat in Aether and Consistence and others besides Drines in Earth yet becaus they are not so obvious I shall not now hunt after them farther then I meet with them in such Sensibles wherin I conceiv Water and some Simple Quality therof to be Predominant as I have before observed of Color and Sound Now these Aqueous Sensibles are Odors and Sapors and as God divided the Waters into Water beneath and above or Gross Water and Subtile Vapor so these two several Sensibles are severaly Inherent in them that is Odor in the Vapor and Effluvium and Sapor in the Grosser Water And yet Odor is more Gross then Sound as Sound is then Color and neither Transient as Sound nor Emanant as Color but more Fixed and Inherent in the Odorous Effluvium and is accordingly varied and carried away with it and as the Vapor is more Dens or Rare so generaly is the Odor more Gross or Fine and as the Vapor so the Odor is more Dens and Gross as it is more neer to the Aqueous Body and more Rare and Fine as it is farther Effluent from it and more Dispersed thereby and yet there is a very longinquous Efflux and Waft of Odors in such diffusion of Vapors as is sensibly perceived by the Sent of Heaths of Rosemary very far at Sea and by the Convolation of Ravens and Vulturs to Carcasses very farr distant Also as Odors are of an Aqueous nature so there is a very quick and permanent Adhesion therof to Moist Bodys for so the Sent of an Hares or Deers Foot continues long on the Moist ground in every Vestigium therof though they run very swiftly over it which could not be so deteined without the Subtile Vapor in which it is Inherent and which sticketh to the ground and is not so easily discharged as a Cloud of Breath from a Dâ—sh of Pewter or Silver or such other Bodys which are less Moist yet as the Subtile Effluvium of Odorous Vapors is emitted from the Body which is the Fountain therâ—f so that Body itself also is Odorous having its own Inherent Odor and may be sented by the Odorous Vapors as they pass out of it into the Nostrills and though Drines may Predominate in it yet if it be not so Dry or such a Caput Mortuum as doth amitt no Vapors which very few Bodys do it may have a Sent and that very strong and vehement â—s Spices and the like becaus such Vapors are also more strong and there is a Terreous Quality as well as Aqueous wherof Odor is Compounded as I shall afterward shew but commonly the Odorous Evaporation is more Actuated and produced by Moisture as Flowers and Herbs after Rain smell more sweetly and Dry or Unctuous Perfumes by Infrication of the Powder or Imbibition of the Oil or Butter are more strong and durable becaus thereby there is an Incorporation of the very Odorous Bodys which are the Fountains of the Odors as I said and generaly all Dissolutions either by Maceration Externaly or Putrefaction Internaly whereby the Vapors are more freely Emitted and the Odors Actuated do caus greater Sents also long restraint of the Actual Vapors and Odors as in close Vessels or Rooms when they are first opened cause stronger Smells becaus they are so Copious Now as Odor is a Proper Sensible in itself so it is also Previous to Sapor and Smelling as it were a Pregustator of the Sens of Tast becaus Odor and Sapor as I said are Connatural Qualitys chiefly Subsisting in the same Element of Water though they are very different in themselvs as Heat and Light are in Aether and perhaps more becaus they are not Simple but Compounded with other Terreous Qualitys and require such several Bodys of their own Element as Waters above and beneath and certeinly they must so differ becaus they are several Sensibles of several Senses which also very sensibly proves Heat and Light to be Realy Dâ—fferent becaus Heat is an Object of Tact and Light of Sight Thus there may be more Odor or more pleasing or displeasing then Sapor and so convertibly in the same Body but such as are of fetid Sapors have also commonly fetid Odors and pleasing Sapors no displeasing Odors And I suppose that vehement and strong Odors or Vapors in any Body do indicate and declare it to be some notable Pharmacum especialy if they be such as are not very grateful to the Senses which declare it to be not of any Dietical or ordinary but extraordinary Use and Virtue Now as it is evident that Actual Odors are Immediately Inherent in Vaporous Effluvia which the very Organ of Smelling that is the Mammillary Processes do sufficiently attest being situated above the Nares through which as Tonells those Vapors do pass so it is as apparent that Sapors do Inhere in the Watery Juice of the Sapid Body becaus if that be expressed it becomes Insipid and the expressed Juyce more Sapid as Wine Cider Perry Gravy or Juice of Fleshmeat and the like And it also appears to me that Odors or Sapors are no Simple Qualitys of Water only as Sound and Color are not of Air or Aether only but that they are all Mist with some Terreous Simple Qualitys which are unknown to us what they are and yet we may also know that they are not Odorous or Saporous in themselvs becaus Elementary Water or Earth do not either Smell or Tast much as Lucidity and Opacity are not much seen of themselvs and indeed not without the advantage of Conspissation or some small Mistion or the like but as I confess I first derived this Notion from the antient Philosophers who have discovered Lucidum and Opacum to be the Principles of Color which I have thus farr improved and produced to the other three Sensibles Sound Odor and Sapor that is all the proper Sensibles except the fower first Qualitys which are also in themselvs Simple and Mist to be made Sensible being too strong and vehement in their own Elementary Bodys and they are indeed Social
caus of Petrification not so much by Conglaciation as by reduction of a fitt Juice in the Body therof to such a Consistence and plainly Stones of Fruits are so denominated from their almost Saxeous hardnes whereby they become such Caskets for Seeds which are Natures Gemms and yet we cannot conceiv their Induration to be any Conglaciation but rather Desiccation for Earth and Water are most Congenerous Elements and as they are composed into one Terraqueous Globe so they have a greater Intermistion and as Metalls may become Fluid by Fusion so may these Succi be Indurated and fixed by Drines and Consistence though as Heat is assistant in the one so may Cold be in the other But Trunks of Trees though not hollow as Stalks of Herbs have their Porous passages through which the Sap doth ascend and commonly by the most Spongy part therof that is the Pith which is formed by the Bubbling and Spumeous Vapor ascending in it and is fixed by degrees as may be seen by Birds Quills which have litle Bladders left in the Cavitys therof though their Pith is more Constipated in the Feather And there is observed to be some such hollownes in Hairs and both Feathers and Hairs are Vegetatives though Subordinate parts of Sensitive Bodys and yet they have neither Seed nor Root properly becaus they are not properly Individuals in themselvs but parts of others and so they are Analogous to Leavs and Flowers and of as Beautifull and more strong Colors and many of them perfectly Black Also the Sap doth not only ascend through the Pith but notably between the Wood and the Bark and in the ascent is Concocted into Wood every year as may appear by the Circles therof very visibly in more sappy Trees as Willow Ash Birch and the like whereby knowing the several years growth therof you may compute the Gain or Loss according to the proportion of the Majority of the latter Circles and Interest of the yearly Rents precedent and the Sap may also rise between these Circles and through the very Pores of the Wood as Bloud in Sensitive Bodys may Transudatâ— through the Flesh for the Tree will sprout and shoot forth every where and hollow Trees without any Pith may bear Fruit and indeed the Bark or Skin which is outward is more requisite to the Vegetation of the Tree then the Pith or Medulla which is inward and as it will hardly Live as they term it without a Bark so if that be bound it will not thrive which therefore is cured by cutting for as I said Vegetative Spirits in Plants being much assisted by the Temperature of External Qualitys as also by Internal in Animals are as easily hurt by the Distemperature therof from which the Bark servs to defend it and as it so defends the Body of the Tree it thereby suffers much weather-beating and adustion in itself which makes it so Rugous and harsh And becaus the External Heat draws the Sap outward as well as upward therefore the Pith is commonly Insipid but the Bark very strong and Stiptike as may appear by Tan and so is the Wood itself more then Pith as appears by the Salivous Oil of Oaken wood which issueth out at the ends in burning and is very Astringent and Desiccating so also the Rinds of some Fruits as Orenges Lemons Citrons and the like are very Spirituous and Sapid but then that Pith which is next to them is very Insipid There is another Character of Trees which is their Fruit not particularly of every Kind of them for all are not Frugiferous but generaly becaus most of them are such and others which are not so yet being Ligneous and otherwise like unto them and so not to be accounted Herbs or Grass are therefore also Trees and they are generaly thus described becaus this was the chief end of Vegetatives to be food for Sensitives and the Fruits are most Esculent wherin also as in Flowers of Herbs the Seeds of Trees are conteined more Immediately as it is so said whose Seed is in it All Plants grow out of the Earth Perpendicularly and so the Earth doth nourish them and thus all Grounds bear only according to the Plane or Levell therof and not according to any Convex or Concave Superficies as a Park may be Impaled with as few Pales though the ground be rising and Indented as if it were plain and Poll becaus all the Pales stand Perpendicularly though it require more Rail proportionably becaus the Rail runs Horizontaly according to the Superficies and yet we thus measure and purchase Lands which bring forth the other way And heer I shall observ that wheras it is said The Earth brought forth Grass and Herb yielding Seed after his Kind and the Tree yielding Fruit whose Seed was in itself God in these Six Days made them and all other things in their Acme of Perfection as well as Adam in his Adult State and so every way Good for thus Vegetatives were made not only Complete in themselves but pregnant with their Seeds and ready to propagate others and to this Individual Perfection of Vegetatives and Sensitives was added the Divine Benediction Increas and Multiply according to the Kind Specificaly and so God having sett in order Original Generation by Improper Creation as I have shewed transmitted it to the Successive Generations of Nature And wheras it is a common Problem whether any Poisonous Vegetatives or otherwise Noxious as Briars and Thorns were before the Fall and Curs I suppose by Analogy of Nature that as then though there could be no Elementary Qualitys Actualy Existing in their Extremitys yet they were very Intens and Predominant in their own Elementary Bodys as the Qâ—alitys of Fire in Aether and of Water in the Sea which might destroy Sensitive Animals if they should be Localy in them wheras they were so ordered that they were very Gratefull and Usefull to them so also that â—here were Vegetatives in the same Excessive degrees of Qualitys as now which we therefore call Poisons in respect to Animals though they be indeed Eminences of Nature in themselvs and so also Briars and Thorns and such others as are no Anomalous but Perfect Plants but I suppose that Animals were preserved from Poisons by a Natural Abhorrence and Discretion having all their most exact Senses and Bodily Temperaments which would not accept of any other food then what was suitable therunto and so they might also avoid Briars and Thorns and the like as they pleased whose Berrys are also food for Fowls but I also suppose that there was no such Excessive Quantity therof as since and that this was the import of that Curs of the Earth Thorns and Thistles it shall bring forth that is wheras before of itself it brought forth abundantly all sorts of Vegetative food for Man and Beasts and such Poisonous Herbs and Noxious Plants as rarely as it doth now good Fruits so then vice versa it should bring forth abundantly Weeds Thorns
is Originaly Let Fowls fly in the Firmament of Heaven and the other words following and every winged Fowl after his Kind seem rather to refer to Gods Creation of them both in that Day then particularly to their Creation out of the Waters and it is said afterward of them as well as of Beasts And out of the Ground God formed every Beast of the Earth and every Fowl of the Air but wheras plainly it is said that Fishes were produced out of Water and Beasts out of the Earth and neither is so before particularly expressed of Fowls I suppose they were made of some more equaly Mist Terraqueous Substance wherin neither Water did so much Predominate as in the Bodys of Fishes nor Earth as in the Bodys of Beasts and accordingly the Bodys of Fowls are of a midle Substance not so Tender as of Fishes nor yet so Fi m and Solid as of Beasts But Fowls though they be generaly Oviparous as well as Fishes yet also Procreate by Copulation and not by Exclusion of the Seed Immediately as Vegetatives and as Fishes generaly are Procreated nor yet by Gestation in the Womb untill there be a Formation of the Foetus as Beasts which is a more perfect Birth and proper to Superior Animals Certeinly they excell Fishes in their Spiritual Facultys of Sens and Imagination as in their Singing Nidification and the like as they are Inferior to Beasts in Imaginative Ingeny and Act generaly And wheras there are some flying Fishes as they are commonly called so indeed they are not Fowls but Fishes which generaly live in the Water as others and only fly above it so long as their Wings are wett which maketh them to be more stiff and strong as Sails are stifned by wetting and so Water-fowls are not Fishes but Fowls that generaly fly in the Air though they can also dive in the Water and continue there so long as their Breath lasteth as we say and so Otters and the like Amphibia are Beasts and no Fishes and though there be Aquatical Insects which afterward prove Flys yet this is no Transpeciation but the Worm both in Earth and Water is only the Embryo or Inception of such flying Insects as the Vegetative Embryo is of a Sensitive Animal II. Having thus farr discoursed of these two Kinds of Sensitives Fishes and Fowls generaly according to my Intention which is only to Elucidate the general System of the World as God himself hath declared it unto us in this Divine History of Creation and to conferr Scripture and Nature together I shall now proceed to discours of Sensation in the same general maner having already declared what I intend thereby that is a Life with Imaginative Perception and Spontaneous Appetite whereby the Animal doth not only Act and Opeâ—ate as all other Inferior Natures but Perceivs what it doth and Consents to do it and so also Contemplates and accordingly Affects or Disaffects the Object about which it is conversant and Exerciseth its Operations which is a Double Operation and not such a Simple Imperceptive and Involuntary or Non Spontaneous kind of Operation as there is in other Inferior Agents but also with a Sensitive Enjoyment therof and of itself and its own Operations in a Living maner by Perception and Appetite as I said which are the proper Facultys of the Sensitive Spirit and that denominateth the Animal Sensitive becaus Sensitive Spirits wherof Perception and Appetite are the proper Facultys are of an higher Classis and farr other Nature then the other Subordinate Spirits Vegetative and Elementary and the Matter which they so Subordinate to themselvs according to that Scale of Nature as I have formerly shewed and as according to that Scale Sensitive Spirits are Sensitive in themselvs and Subordinate the others Immediately or Mediately according to the several Degrees therof to themselvs so also their Operations are either such as they can Act and Exercise of themselvs and by their own Intrinsecal Power or such as they only Command and Govern but are Executed and Performed by the Inferior Spirits Vegetative and Elementary but how the Sensitive Spirit doth thus Command and Govern the Vegetative Spirit and that the Elementary and the like is not so easily Intelligible becaus these several Natures are Classicaly different and therefore also though the Sensitive Spirit Perceiveth what it doth as I said generaly becaus it is Sensitive yet it Perceiveth not how any Vegetative or Elementary Operations are done and performed by those Subordinate Spirits in its own Compositum becaus they are not Sensitive nor can they or the Sensitive Spirit by them Perceiv what they do or how the Work is done farther then as it may have some Sensation therof in itself which is a manifest Evidence to me that there are such several Spirits Classicaly distinct and which as I have said are never Mist together in the same Sensitive or Intellective Compositum becaus there are evidently in it such distinct and different Operations wherof some are Sensible and Perceptible and others are not concerning which I shall discours heerafter and now Inquire into these Mysterys of Sensation which though they be performed within us yet are less obvious then other things without us as any may better see how a Chick is formed in the Egg then how Augmentation is performed within his own Body Also the higher any Nature is the more Excellent and Curious and Difficult it is to be understood And being now entred into this Region of Life I am very conscious in what a dark Adytum I am and how litle Light others do afford me but dabiâ— Deus his quoque finem Wherefore grounding my self upon his Word I shall proceed It is said The Life of all Flesh is the Bloud therof or as it is in the precedent words the Bloud of it is for the Life therof And heer we shall see again how Scripture and Nature do mutualy Interpret one another And I shall first collect from these words that all Flesh that is all Sensitive and Living Bodys have a Bloud or something Analogous of whatsoever Color or Crassitude it may be and that this Bloud is not only the Aliment or Nutriment but the very Rudiment of the Life therof and indeed of the Flesh itself and all other Parts of the Body Potentialy as every thing is Nourished by that wherof it is Constituted and thus it is well observed that in the Formation of the Foetus there is a Bubble of Vital Liquor which first Moves and so forms itself and its own Coat or Canale by a Vital Heat Operating upon it whereby in the Fermentation therof the more Pure and Subtile parts are Congregated in and toward the midle and the more Gross and Viscid are Segâ—egated and amandated to the outsides and there as Milk heated when it begins to cool hath a litle Skin in the Superficies so this Congenerous Liquor which is the Rudiment of Bloud and also of Milk doth begin thereby to form a
as I have observed of fower several Colors from fower several Walls of a Rome crossing one another which yet are seen in any Point of the Room severaly and distinctly without any Visible Intersection and Inversion or Confusion thereby such as appears in it afterward through Water or Glass and the like which are no Natural but Artificial Media of Sight and in both we see not by any Intersecting Rays which pass over the Ey And though Air be much more Dens yet perhaps not much more Opacouâ— then Aether but is as a Medium neither Lucid nor very Opacous and I suppose the Opacity that is in it is more from the Waters above or Vapors then from itself which is an Expansum as well as Aether and it is Opacity that Refracts and Reflects more then Density as Ink doth more then other Water or Glass though as Dens and Heavy Thus I conceiv the reason why the Sun or full Moon rising or setting seem so much greater to be from the Vapors in the Airy Atmosphere as a small Vessel at Sea in Misty Weather will seem as bigg as a greater Ship in Sude Weather at the same distance and the Prospect of them Horizontaly through the Vapors may be as farr as a Line of Vision from them to the Ey may be tangent on the Globe of the Earth and this also makes them seem more Red by Local Union of their Rays of Light with the more Opacous and Dens Vapors as if you hold Leaf Gold against the Sun and so look through it you shall see it Green by the Union of its Yellow with its own Opacity and Density but the Sun at Mid-day and Moon at Mâ—dnight are seen less and more bright becaus the Prospect of them then is through a less space of the Vaporous Atmosphere which is not so great as the Sensible Horizon of the Earth and as the Vapors ascend higher they are less Opacous and Dens as appears by an open Weather-glass at the bottom or top of a Steeple and a Man standing on the top of a Steeple seems less then at the same distance on the ground which is partly from the same and partly from another reason becaus we see him Perpendicularly on the top of the Steeple and more Hemisphericaly on the ground as if we look from the bottom of a Steeple Perpendicularly to the top therof it will seem shorter and neerer then if we stand at a like distance from the bottom and behold it more Hemisphericaly which is the Natural maner of Vision as I shall shew heerafter Again as the Sun at Midday may be wholy Obnubilated by a thick Cloud and not seen at all so he may be so partly Veiled by a more thin Cloud that we may see his Disk but less then when we see him in a clear Sky with the Halo and Lustre of his Rays about him And thus Venus or Mercury or other Starrs rising or setting may appear less becaus their less Lights are partly so Veiled though not wholy Obnubilated by the very Vaporous Atmosphere for according to the several Degrees of the Opacity and Density of the Media and more or less Lucidity of the Objects so they are seen greater or less respectively and proportionably And thus not only External but also Internal Vapors as in Drunken men may Magnify Objects But there is a very great Refraction in the Organ of the Ey which is therefore so composed to temper the vehement Lucidity of the Rays and also by that Refraction the Rays Converge and are Contracted in and by the Spherical Figure of the Ey whereby the greatest Objects may be seen in small And as there is no Visible Intersection and Inversion in the Air as Babys in the Cornea which are Erect Images and not Inverted do plainly shew so neither in the Ey itself after the point of Incidence in the Cornea where the Rays are so Reflected and also pass through it and the Foramen Vveae into the Crystalline Humor whereby they are Refracted and Converge untill after and beyond the Point of Exidence from and out of which they Intersect and are Inverted as I suppose in the Vitreous Humor for the Aqueous Humor is as a Convexoconcave Glass in itself whose Convexity doth caus to Converge and Concavity to Diverge and being Contiguous with the Crystalline Lens they are Opticaly both as it were one Continuous Glass or the like with some small difference between them that is the Crystalline is somewhat more Opacous and Dens and so may Refract and caus to Converge somewhat more and to Intersect somewhat sooner and we may best conceiv of them both as of a Globule or rather Cylinder of a Glass Vessel whose upper part is filled with Water and lower part is solid Glass and having the upper Extremity more Convex then the neather and I conceiv that Rays transmitted through such a short Cylinder will not Intersect and be Inverted within the Body therof but beneath and after the Point of Excidence in the neather Extremity therof and in the Cylinder itself are only proportionably Inflected and distended as if you look through a round Glass Vessell filled with Water and if you pleas also let down a Lens into it hanging by a string and place the Flame of a Candle before it and then apply your Ey behind it you shall see the Image of the Flame Erect and not Inverted though it is true that if you look behind the dead Oxes Ey in the Foramen of a dark Room you shall see the Image of the Object Inverted becaus you look behind the Vitreous Humor therof wherin I suppose the Intersection and Inversion to be and probably in or about the Center of the Ey which may be below the Superficies of such a Sphere wherof the Gibbus in the Cornea is a Portion or Segment and I conceiv that the Irradiation and Actuation of the Species in the Internal Light by the External and Conjunction therwith is before the first Intersection and Inversion of the Rays therof in the Ey becaus we thereby see the Image of the Object Erect and not Inverted and the Internal Light being so Irradiated and having its Species already Actuated in itself by the Conjunction with the External Light is no farther concerned therin nor in the Intersection and Inversion therof afterward in the Retina then in the Babys in the Cornea and that it seeth nothing behind it or backward but only forward which is the very Natural way of Vision and the Immediate Vision is by its own Species so Actuated in the Internal Light as the Standard as in all other Sensations as I have shewed and as the Aqueous Humor is the Organical and Immediate Medium for the transmission of the External Light so is the Vitreous Humor of the Internal Light and as we see nothing in the Air which is the most Natural and common Medium so neither in these Organical Media ordinarily and according to Nature
the ground and reason of their more or less Cicuration or Mansuefaction And that there is such a difference in their very Natures may appear by this that they are not only so different toward Man but also among themselvs and so it is a common Observation that the more Mansuete do flock and heard together and Live in Consort wheras Wild beasts Live more Solitary and are more Strange even to one another Yet certeinly none of them were Carnivorous at first nor did devour one another for both they and man had then another Diet appointed for them by God that is Vegetative which which also Comprehends the Elements and Matter as subordinate unto it and as the Elements and Matter are its Subordinate Body so it is also Nourished by the same wherof it is Constituted and so the Vegetative Spirit may be Augmented by Mistion of more of the Homogeneous Vegetative Spirit latent in the Nutriment and so the Matter Elements and a Vegetative Spirit make the Body of Sensitives whereby it is also Nourished and may be Augmented by Mistion of more of the Homogeneous Sensitive Spirit latent in the Nutriment and now when we and some Beasts do feed on the Carcasses of other Sensitives yet we do not nor can we feed on their Sensitive Spirits or Lives becaus they are dead and there is no Conversion of one Sensitive Nature into another nor any such Mistion by Augmentation as of Equine and Asinine Spirits in a Mule or by Generation nor yet is the Anima therof or Anima Mundi as some say so Subordinate either to Constitute or Nourish the Sensitive as Vegetatives and the rest are and were so ordeined to be both for the Original Formation and Nutrition of Sensitives and thus they are not only Subordinate as a Constituent Body and Nâ—triment of Sensitives but also Subservient as Instruments of the Sensitive Spirit as I have shewed both in all those Motions which we call Involuntary and are properly Vegetative and also in their Instrumental Preparation and Motion of all the Sensorious Organs according to the Imperium and Gubernation of the Sensitive Spirit in all those Voluntary Motions therof which are performed thereby Transiently and not Immanently in itself alone Also though God did not so expressly appoint Vegetatives which are Terrestrial to be food for Fishes that Live in the Water yet probably they had the same food growing on the Shores and Banks and such as some report may still be found in the bellys of Sea Morses and such like Fishes almost as great as Whales And though it be not expressly mentioned either heer or after the Deluge whether Fishes did not then also prey one upon another as now they do yet possibly they might being made to bring forth abundantly whereby they might both maintein their own Species and be food for others or perhaps they might be Nourished by their own Element Water However I doubt not but that some Beasts were Created farr more strong then others as they still are and that some were Venaturient as now they are and had the same Specifike Sagacity as well as Noses and so might hunt others with a great Natural Delight as I suppose they now do with more then any Huntsman that followeth them which appears not only by their Indefatigable Industry but also by their very great Exultation and Cry yet I conceiv that then they had no Cruentous or Murdrous Appetite as now a Lion doth not usualy prey when he is full and Cats first play with a Mous and then kill it but then they did only play and not Kill when they could not Eat therof which is the chief End of Killing And so a yong Leverer when it first sees a Dog shâ—ns him and hath a Natural Sagacity of avoiding and escaping the Dog as well as the Dog hath such a Natural Sagacity in hunting the Hare And heerby also the Ingeny of Sensitives did appear aswell as in avoiding Poisons and hurtfull Vegetatives which as they are in themselvs certein Excellencys and Eminencys in the Vegetative Nature so are these also in the Sensitive Nature as of Courage Fear and the like Sensitive Affections But of all Sensitives Beasts are Supreme that is in their whole Bestial Kind generaly and so particularly according to their several Ranks and Degrees which is the true Rule of Comparison though the meanest and lowest of of Beasts be not more excellent then the chief Fowl or Fish and so of Fowls and Fishes And Beasts do not only excell the rest in their Bodily Constitution as I have shewed but much more in their Spiritual Qualitys which are their very Sensitive Excellencys though they may not have greater or more admirable Instincts then Fowls or Fishes which are some special Endowments wherwith Nature doth help out many Inferior Animals yea Insects as Bees Spiders Silkworms Ants and the like and of all others Man himself though he hath generaly the most excellent Sensitive Spirit Subordinate and Subservient to his Intellective Spirit yet he hath least and fewest Instincts and indeed I know none except Sucking which is most Common and Necessary yet as he doth excell them all in the general Sensitive Powers and Virtues whereby he can more Curiously Contrive and Effect things even by his Sensitive Imagination and Ingeny and hath such a most fitt Organ therof as the Hand so do Beasts heerin generaly excell Fowls and Fishes and accordingly have more fitt Organs then they and their Brains are more Conformable to the Brain of Man and he hath not only most Service from them but also most Conversation with them and thus they were made in the same Day with him and next and Immediately before him and as both he and they have their Sensitive Spirits produced and their Bodys formed of the Earth so they both Live together in the same Floor of this great Hous of the Elementary World as God saith to Iob of Behemoth which I made with thee he eateth Grass as an Ox. Yet we may noâ— therefore with some Credulous Admirers of Brutes to the Disparagement of our-selves and of all Human Nature adopt them into the Family of Mankind and claim kindred of Apes Baboons Marmosets Drills and I know not what Bestial Fauns and Satyrs as but one Degree removed from ourselvs for though they may thus approch unto us in our Body and Sensitive Spirit yet we Classicaly differ and vastly excell them in our Intellective Spirit wherof I shall now proceed to discours II. We now ascend into the highest Degree of the Scale of Nature that is of Intellective Spirits Human and Angelical wherof the Human Spirit doth as I said Classicaly differ from Sensitives and only Specificaly from Angels but as the Human Spirit of Man is united into one Compositum with all the Inferior Spirits and Matter as they are Subordinate one unto another so Man is the whole Scale in himself which Angels are not comprehending both Intellective and Sensitive
Accidents nor can he Realy transmute himself or be converted into any other Inferior Nature whatsoever and much less can Matter which is the lowest and basest of all others convert itself or be coverted into any Superior Nature Certeinly that which they so affirm to be in Potentia must be either Ens or Non-ens while it is so in Potentia and if it be Nonens then Non est in Potentia as I have shewed of Vacuity and if it be Ens then as I have said it is also an Entity Created by God in its Potentiality or Chaos and so produced by Natural Generation into Actuality as if Vacuity could be any Ens then it must also be Created by God or Concreated with the World and should not be before nor beyond nor any where out of the Created World and Body of the Matter therof as others have vainly supposed of such an Imaginary Space Nor is their Forma Misti or Compositi any other thing then the Result of the very Mistion and Composition of those Primitive and Simple Entities according to their own Natural Coordinations and Subordinations in the Scale of Nature which God hath so erected and ordered that they have in themselvs all the Natural Principles therof and an Aptitude and Appetite to be so Mist and Composited in all Successive Generation according to that Law of Original Generation and therefore Forms are no such things as are formed or ordered by I know not what Cholchodea or come I know not whence aliunde extrinsecus into the prepared Bodys but as I have shewed there are also other Substances or Substantial Activitys besides the Body of Matter Created by God in and with the Matter that do Consubstantiate Inform or Inspirit it and fabricate and fit it for themselves and also mingle and compose themselvs in and with it into one Mistum or Compositum according to the Order and Oeconomy of Nature by their own Internal Principles and Powers which God hath also Created in them Which Substantial Activitys or Active Substances I therefore call Spirits as the Scripture also doth so call not only Substantial put also Accidental Aâ—tivitys as the Spirit of Wisedom Jealousie Meekness and the like and they may well admit it who say Omnia Animarum sunt plena and particularly that there is a Vegetative Soul which yet as the Scripture doth not so express I can not admitt for Soul is more special and proper to Living Animals but Spirit though Eminently it signifies the chief of Spirits that is the Intellective and so Soul and Spirit are sometimes distinguished yet more generaly it signifies any Substantial or Accidental Activity whatsoever and is so commonly used by Chymists Physicians and others as I also use it in a more Spiritual sens And though I dispute not about Terms yet certeinly such a Proper and Improper Creation of the Primitive and Simple Entitys both of Matter which is a Passive and Receptive Substance and of the Accidents and Affections therof and of all those other Substantial Activitys or Active Substances which I call Spirits and of all their Accidents and Affections Created in the first general Chaos and the Original Generation or Production of them by Mistions Compositions Actuations and Perfections in the Six several Days and accordingly all Successive Generation by Production out of any particular Chaos of the same Entitys or Essences which are so Generated or Produced are such Real Veritys that I am perswaded no Philosopher whatsoever can Realy satisfie himself or others concerning the first Principles and Origines of all things and all the Alterations by Generation and Corruption by any such supposed Potentia Materiae Eminencâ—s and Equivocal Causations Transpeciations and Conversions or the like which are only Terms and Notions and no Realitys in Nature nor can ever confute or disprove this Divine History of Creation either in the general System therof or in any of the particulars which Moses proceedeth afterward to declare And thus wheras the Antients generaly conceived the Aether and Aethereal Bodys to be Superelementary and Sacred he sheweth us plainly how Aether is one of the Fower Elements and so was first prepared in the first Day wherin Light which is a principal Quality therof is said to be so produced for the Substantial Spirit of Fire or Aeâ—her was Created before whereby it is denominated one of the Heavens and afterward termed Expansum as well as the Air nor doth he affirm it to be solid or firm but such a Fluid Expansum as Aâ—r also is and plainly implieth that it was moved with the Light in it about the Inferior Orb whereby God made Day and Night before the Earth or Water or Air were so made or fitted or that there was any Motion therof or therin And the Air which is Naturaly an Expansum cannot be Naturaly a Compressum whereby in its own Element or Atmosphere it should Naturaly seek to expand itself more and thereby Elasticaly press as some would have it Also both Aether and Air are called Heavens as one is the Fountain and Immediate Medium of Aethereal Light and the other the Vehicle and Immediate Medium of Sight and so I suppose that Air doth Refract or Reflect very little nor are either Objects in the Air nor Starrs in the Aether thereby seen Intersected and Inverted as through a Convex Lens in the Air nor so much magnified and distended as Divers see Objects in the Fundus of Water Again in this Second Days Work Moses declareth Vapors in the Air to be only Waters above and thereby intimateth the Special Instrumentality therof in Nature for so indeed Vapor is almost as Chymical an Instrument as Fire Nor yet doth he affirm these Waters to be above all the three Heavens or any of them as some suppose but only in or upon or all over that Heaven wherof he treateth in this Second Days Work or more Criticaly as it is Originaly from above and certeinly we cannot suppose any Water to descend from above but only that whiâ—h first ascended from beneath Nor is this ascent of Vapors the necessary and only caus of Winds wherof we have no mention in the Creation and if any Wind then were it was probably some very tender and gentle breath but greater Winds and Storms which are effects of the Curs are also caused by grosser Vapors which whether moist or dry are not Formaly the very Wind for that as such is only Aer motus but may be the Efficient Causes therof as any other Impuls or Ventilation of Blasts or Ventiducts and generaly moist Vapors Caus more Rain and dry more Wind as appears by Herricans in more hot Countrys And in the Third Days Works he shews how wonderfully God formed and prepared the Oâ—cumene or Hâ—bitable Globe by causing the Waters to Subside in all the Chanells of Seas and Rivers which he cut out for them and by raising the mighty Mountains which may be therefore rightly termed the Mountains
of God and by Iacob are called the Everlasting Hills wherof others give us no account Nor doth he affirm Vegetatives to Live but as I have observed plainly distinguisheth between Vegetative and Sensitive Spirits which he afterward calleth Living Souls And in the description of the Works of the Fourth Day we find none of those Monsters and Figments which both Poetry and Philosophy have introduced in the Starry Heaven for neither doth he divide it into Spheres having plainly shewed before how the whole Aether was only one Sphere as well as the other Heavens nor indeed can such several Imaginary Spheres solv the Phaenomena of the Motions of Aeâ—herâ—al Comets and of all the Planetary Motions as of the Satellites which as I have observed move not in perfect Circles in the Aether but only about their principal Planet whereby their Motion in the Aether describes an Hemiâ—rochoid as I said as if a Qâ—ernstone were set upright like a Cartwheel on a declive Hill and a man with his hand on the Handle should thereby move it round about the Axis down the Hill Nor doth he assigne any Intelligences or Daemons and a Metratton or President over them all to move the several Spheres Certeinly the Scripture calleth 〈◊〉 Daemons Princes of the Air and not of the Aeâ—her though they were Originaly of the same Nature and Office with good Angels but as they were since ejected out of the Superaether so now probably they are confined within the Subaeâ—hereal Orb between which there is such a great Chasm Nor doth he distinguâ—sh the Luminarys into Planetary and Fixed but calleth them by one common Appellation Lights Originaly derived both in Name and Nature from the Primigenious Light wherof they were all composed And he particularly nameth only the two principal Luminarys which so give Light upon the Earth and according to which besides the common and Diurnal Motion of the Aether all the Sacred Feasts of the Jews were instituted And as the Sun is first named so probably he was first made of that Primigenious Light whereby he Illustrateth all the rest and therefore is sometimes called by thâ— same Name or the Light And as he hath Light so also Heat which is another Aeâ—hereal Quality in himself Formaly and not oâ—ly Eminently or Equivocaly as some would suppose and as indeed I conceiv that the Moon causeth Moisture which is no Aetâ—ereal Quality over which she doth yet manifestly Predominate as may appear most notably in Tides whether she then causeth more gross Uâ—pors when she is in her Apogaea because she is farthest from the Earth or generaly more Vapors because she is then more strong and Praepoent as the Sun in his Apogaeum or from some unknown Influence or Power But however those Vapors which she causeth do not make that whole Body of Water which floweth and refloweth in Tides nor doth every part of that whole Body of Water pass to the extremitys of the Floud and Ebb but only the Rivers in their Fall above the Floud of the Sea are supplied by the Vapors which causeth the Impuls of the whole Undulating Body of Water as farr as the Ebb like the two Handles of a Saw in sawing forward and backward not very farr though the Saw be never so long for plainly the Waters in the Floud toward the Rivers are not much more Salt nor in the Ebb toward the Ocean much more Fresh but in the middle where they meet and where a proportionable overplus of the River Water so caused by the Vapors doth mingle with the Seawater Also he plainly intimateth that as some of the Luminarys are manifestly Motive so they are all in that he doth not distinguish between them and it is elswhere expressly said of the Starrs generaly that they militate in their Courses or Originaly Paths and if the Fixed Starrs do move Uniformly together which is the last Residuum of the antient Error and Opinion of their Fixation yet however according to their Various Positions in the Aether they must move Difformly in Time in that very Uniformity in Position and either in Position or Motion or both they are all Asymmetrous certeinly no known Motion of any of them is Commensurable with the Motion of the whole Aether according to which we assigne the Propeâ— Day Natural to be as I have said fower and twenty hours neither more nor less otherwise they should not be for Signes and for Seasons and for Days and for Years and all the Variations therof And though many of them be farr greater then the Earth yet they all move about it becaus they were made to give Light upon it which they could not do at such a distance unless they were so great And their Number is Innumerable unto us and perhaps not fewer then of the Host of Israel in the Wildernes nor of that which Ioab gave up to the King Rotunde before he had compâ—eted it or of that which he still proceeded to complete untill he was hindred by the Plague Nor doth Moses lay any foundation of Judicial Astrology which is expressly condemned by Scripture Again in the Works of the Fifth and Sixth Day he describeth the Original Generations of Fishes Fowls and Beasts and most truly termeth them Living and afterward calleth their Bloud the Bloud of Life which our Learned Doctor hath lately discovered to be a most proper expression and citeth that Text in confirmation of his Discovery wheras formerly the Heart was termed Primum vivens ultimum moriens I have been informed by a Physician my Neighbor that having dissected an old Toad so farr as that he had taken out the Heart and afterward stepping aside before he returned again the Toad had crept away into his Garden where he found it aâ—ive and that it so lived some consyderable time In the last of all the Works of Creation that is of the little World Man he discovereth a new World of Mysterys not only as Man is the whole Scale of Nature and as there was another Proper Creation of his Intellective Spâ—rit but also how he was made in the Image of God in order unto Iesus Christ God-Man who by the Assumption of the Human Nature into the Divinity did also superadd and unite to this Scale of Created Nature the Creating Nature God himself which is the Anacephaleosis or Reduction of the Finite Creation to the Infinite Creator And I shall desire any Naturalist seriously to consyder this Natural Representation of the Messiah as he is thus the Infinite Completion and Consummation of Nature itself and Perfection of the Univers and so the Mediator both of Creation and Redemption that thereby God the Creator might gather together in one all things in Christ both which are in Heaven and which are in Earth even in him for so indeed Christ hath united in himself not only the Intellective Spirit of Man but also his Body yea the very Matter therof as it is said In him dwelleth all the fulnes of
without any Local Motion and when they are in Local Motion are Commonly rather Causes therof then Caused by it and so they Caus Motion in the very Matter which of it self would Perpetualy Rest in the Center and due Position of it Self as I have said and shall heerafter prove and is Disturbed and Moved by the Potentiae of Spirits which alter the Natural Position Figure Density and Gravity therof and Properly it hath no Natural Motion of it Self but only to restore it Self unto Rest. Nor can the Matter and Motion and any or all the other Accidents or Variations therof Formaly Caus the Spirits or Spiritual Qualitys but are only Instruments and fit Bodies therof which they form for themselves Take Wax and Move it this Way or that Way or Mold it into this or that Figure or Discind it into any Threads or Corpuscles or Mechanicaly Vary the Matter therof how you will yet it will still be Wax as well as every part of Water is Water Unless there be also some new Generation or Corruption therof by Spirits and Spiritual Qualitys as I shall shew heerafter Wherefore that which some call Texture whether Extrinsecal as Figure Porosity or plain Interweaving of Threads or Filaments and the like or Intrinsecal as Density and Rarity which indeed are the only true Intrinsecal Textures of Bodys and yet are wholy denied by our Textorian Philosophers as well as Local Motion is only Instrumental and no Formal Caus or Being of any Spirit or Spiritual Quality And so take Common Water and Spirit of Wine Vitriol or any stronger Spirits and setting them in their several Vessels one by another Inspect them with a Microscope and see if you can discern any such Proportionable and Consyderable Difference of their Extension Figure Density Gravity Local Motion or any Corporeal Texture whatsoever as there is of their Spirits and Spiritual Qualitys Or take any Aethereous Globules or Materia Subtilis Emittent Transmittent or Remittent if you can tell where to find it or the most Subtile and Pure Air which may be had on the Top of the highest Mountain and which is Common Matter as well as any other and putting this Matter into any Windgun Airpump or Expansor or any such Torcular or other Rack of Nature whatsoever or applying to it any Chymical Fire or Heat or Salt and Snow or what you will and vex it how you will and try if you can force it to Confess it Self to be any other thing then Air or Extort from it all or any of these Spiritual Diversifications or such as may be Effected by the like Experiments made of Vapor Water or Earth or any parcel or part of the Terraqueous Globe and Cortex therof Which God having made to be the Native Countrey and Region of Animals hath also Impregnated with such Material Spirits and their Spiritual Qualitys which he did first Produce and still may be Produced ouâ— of them Wherefore since Matter and Spirits do thus Differ not only in our Mind and Reason but in their own Natures I Conclude them both Realy to Be and Realy to Differ one from the other and not to be only Matter and the Motions therof VIII Accidents are either Common or Proper Common Accidents are such as were Concreated and Actualy Existed together with the Substances in the Begining and without which no Substances or any Created Entity whatsoever can Actualy Exist as all Quantitys whether discrete as Number for every Creature that is whatsoever it be must also be Numerable Or Successive as Duration for every Creature that is whatsoever must also be Durable or Temporary Or Consistent as Extension which though is be in it Self Proper to Matter yet as the Matter of the whole World is a Common Matter so as I have shewed it doth Coextend or Contein all Spirits and every Creature that is in Heaven or Earth must necessarily be Localy therin that is in the Universal Body of the Matter or Vbi therof and in some Part or Place therof that is it must be there where it is and no where els at the same Time Proper Accidents are such as Originaly Flow from and Subsist in their Proper Substances as Consistent Quantity Extension Figure Density and the rest in Matter and Spiritual Qualitys in Spirits Again these Simple Accidents may be either Compounded together or Several and yet mutualy Relating one to another and Such Relations may also be Real as First and Last in Successive Quantity or Time for they Realy are Such in the Successive Nature therof which otherwise should not be Successive and are not only Notional such as First or Last in Consistent Quantity or Extension for they are not Realy such in the Consistent Nature therof becaus it is Consistent altogether and so the First may be Last or the Last First according to our Notion and Institution therof Also there are other more Complex Relations which may likewise be Real either Mathematical as a Triangle and three several Lines are different things or Physical as Beauty which is a Relative Conformity of severall Lineaments and Colors to the Physical Law therof Or Moral as Virtue which is a Relative Conformity of Actions Modes and Circumstances to the Moral Law therof Or Theological as Piety which is a Relative Conformity of Actions Modes and Circumstances to the Theological Law therof and the like which being more Complex are also more Curious and Excellent and the Relative Conformitys therof are Not only Real but also the Excellencys and Perfections of those Realitys wherin they Relatively and Realy Subsist And this Relative Reality though iâ— doth Subsist in the particular Entitys wherof they are the Relations yet doth Consist in the very Relative Conformity therof for their particular Entitys being Inverted will vary them as a Triangle may so be made a Zeta or Pi or render that which was Beautiful Deformed and that which was Virtuous Vitious and that which was Pious Impious And heer I shall Conclude with this general Observation That though Substances Excell in Entity becaus they Subsist in themselvs yet Accidents Excell in Bonity becaus they Perfect their Substances For such indeed was that great Difference between the first Chaos and the six Days Works Perfected therin SECTION V. And the Earth was without form and void And Darknes was upon the face of the Deep EXPLICATION The Elementary Globe of Earth Water Air and Aether was first Created Inform and Inane without any of those Actual Compositions Mistions Figures and Virtues which were afterward Produced in the Six Days ILLUSTRATION 1. Of the fower Elements 2. Of the Chaos 3. Of Quantity 4. Of Number 5. Of Time 6. Of Extension 7. Of Figure 8. Of Porosity 9. Of Density and Rarity 10. Of Gravity and Levity 11. Of Rest and Motion 12. Of Place Space and Vacuity I. WE have heer a farther Explication in the Text itself of the Heaven and Earth Created in the Begining Wherof it is again said