briefly of the Globe of the whole Earth and things incident thereunto then more particularly of the several parts thereof and every remarkable Country in each part as I promised in the beginning The Globe of the earth therefore is defined to be a spherical body proportionably composed of earth and water the two parts thereof The parts of the earth are either real or imaginary The real parts are either Continents or Islands A Continent is a great quantity of Land not interlaced or separated by the Sea wherein many Kingdomes and Principalites are contained as Europe Asia Africa and America An Island called in Latin insula quasi in salo is a part of the earth environed round with water as Brittain Iava St. Laurence Isle Bermoodes Now these again are sub-divided into a Peninsula Isthmus and a Promontory A peninsula is such a tract of Land which being almost incompassed round by waters is nevertheless joyned to the firm land by some little Isthmus as Peloponesus Taurica Cymbrica and Pervana An Isthmus is a little narrow neck of land which joyneth any peninsula to the Continent as the straits of Dariene in Peru and Corinth in Greece A Promontory is some high mountain which shooteth it self into the Sea the utmost end of which is called a Cape as that great Cape of good hope and Cape Verde in Africa Cape Gomerie in Asia and that of St. Michaels mount in Cornwall the North Cape in Norway and divers others There are also other real parts of the earth as mountains valleys fields plains woods and the like The other general part of the Globe is the water divided into the Ocean Secondly the Sea Thirdly the Straights Fourthly Creeks The Ocean is the general collection of all waters which invironeth the whole world on every side The Sea is part of the Ocean to which we cannot come but through some strait as the Mediterranean Sea the Baltick Sea and the like These two take their names either from the adjacent places as the Brittish Ocean the German sea the Atlantick sea and the like Or from the first Discoverer as the Magellanick sea Forbushers Straits or from some remarkable accident as the Red-sea from the red colour of the sands and the like Thirdly a Straight is a part of the Ocean restrained within narrow bounds and opening a way to the sea as the Straits of Gibralter Hellespont Anian Fourthly a Creek is a crooked shore thrusting forth as it were two arms to embrace and affectionately to hold the Sea as the Adriatick Persian and Corinthian Creek Hitherto belong Rivers Brooks and Fountains engendred of congealed air in the earths concavities and seconded by Sea-waters creeping through hidden crannies thereof Thus much of the real parts of the Earth in general The compass of the whole earth is cast by our latest learned Geographers twenty one thousand six hundred English miles which we thus compute We see by continued experience that the Sun for every degree in the heavens gains sixty miles upon the earth towards his circuit round and after three hundred sixty degrees returneth to the same point in respect of us as before it was Add the number of sixty so oft and you will find the account the same and so by proportion of the circumference to the Diameter which is tripla sesqui septima the same which twenty two hath to seven We may count likewise the earths thickness to the center The whole Diameter by rule being less than a third part of the circuit That in the proportion to twenty one thousand six hundred will be six thousand eight hundred seventy two half the number will reach the middle of the world and that is three thousand four hundred thirty six being considered with great exactness as the measure of such a great bulk as the earth is can easily be taken and comprehended Geographers attribute unto the earth five circles The first is the Equinoctial when the Sun in his course is come thereunto about the eleventh of March and September the day and the night are of equal length through the whole earth It is also termed the Equator and by the Sea-faring men the middle Line because it divideth the earth into two equal parts of which the one lyeth towards the north the other towards the south and because it is in the middest between the two poles of the world one in the north the other in the south The second circle is called the Tropick of the Crabb because when the Sun is come thither about the tenth of Iune it returneth by little and little unto the Equator And then unto them that dwell on the north-side of the Equator is the day longest and shortest to them that dwell on the south-side thereof This circle is distinct from the Equinoctial Twenty three Degrees three Minutes and an half Northward The third is called the Tropick of Capricorn because the Sun being come thereto on the eleventh of December turneth his course backward to the Equator and then contrariwise to them who live on the north of the Equator is the day shortest and longest to them on the south thereof it is distant from the Equinoctial southward twenty three degrees thirty one minutes and an half The fourth is called the Artickcircle the fifth the Antartick of which the one is distant twenty three degrees thirty one minutes and an half from the north pole the other just so many from the south pole And are described by the revolution of heaven from the poles of the Zodiack which is the Sun Mercator the ancient Astronomer understood by the Arctick circle not onely that aforesaid but also every circle whose half Diameter answereth to the pole in any place whatsoever and containeth according to the Altitude of every Countrey certain stars which never set but alwayes are above the earth so that in all regions differing in Latitude this circle is diverse as also is the Antartick Now the four lesser circles the two Tropicks and polar circles do fitly part the earth into five Zones that is to say girdles because they compass like bands the round Globe of the earth The first of these Zones lyeth under the Artick or north circle and is called the cold north Zone the second lyeth under the Antartick or south circle and is called the cold south Zone the third is situate in the middle between the two Tropicks called the scorched Zone the fourth lyeth under that which is between the north circle and the Tropick of Cancer and is called the temperate north Zone the fifth also is under that space which is between the Tropick of Capricorn and the south circle and is called the temperate south Zone Now to understand rightly the situation of Countries their Longitude and Latitude according to the mind of Geographers is to be known The Latitude of places which with the height of the Pole is alwayes one beginning at the Equinoctial is taken two manner of wayes either towards
A Figure of the Heavens and Elements COSMOGRAPHY OR A DESCRIPTION OF THE Whole WORLD Represented by a more exact and certain Discovery in the Excellencies of its Scituation Commodities Inhabitants and HISTORY OF Their Particular and Distinct Governments Religions Arms and Degrees of Honour used amongst Them Enlarged with very many and rare Additions Very delightful to be read in so small a Volum Psal. 24. 1. The Earth is the Lords and the Fulness thereof By ROBERT FAGE Esquire London Printed by S. Griffin for Iohn Overton at the White-Horse in Little Brittain next door to Little St. Bartholomews-Gate 1667. To the Reader VVE are so much Strangers to the World that we know not Our Selves that Great Maxime and Sentence of Divinity Know thy Self being from no other Causes deducible than the scantling and narrow Conceits of the Vniverse Men reckon themselves by the Possessions and Revenues of a Mannor or two and take themselves to be the Grand Seigniours of the World when compared with this Grand Machine they are like Atomes in the Sun-shine of Worldly Felicity I could wish every man could abridge His Ambition as the Describers of the World have Epitomized their Discovery and Govern themselves by the Example of its History which is here truly and compendiously recited Wherein we may see how near a piece the two Globes are and that which we call the New World is no Changeling from the Old War and Strife being as natural there as among us I confesse I am no Atlas to undertake the Burden of this Enterprize but the Pleasure of it as is usual with desperate Lovers â—…vited me to the difficulty and to â—…mmend it as a Picture or every â—…ans Looking-Glass which I have â—…ought fit to contract in its Repreâ—…ntation to the Model of our Time â—…nd Leisure and by its meer shaâ—…ow onely shew its great Self and 〈◊〉 Magnificence Whatever this Endeavour is I do â—…ot doubt but of its kind acceptance â—…s Parvum in Magno and layes open â—…e whole Magazine of the Earth as 〈◊〉 its Puissance Government Proâ—…ctions Manufactures Merchanâ—…es c. it s present State Policy â—…d Friendships never before atâ—…mpted in any one Volume but â—…ow in this Manual There is Truth â—…d Rarity in it as to Generals beâ—…ond the attainment of the Pen it being the Felicity of the Needle and the capatious Compass fully and clearly to investigate and disclose every particular which will merit a pardon for Yours R. F. Reader THis is to advertise thee that the Pricks which are graven upon the firm Land are set to distinguish and divide the three quarters of the World viz. Europe Asia and Africa one from the other as by near observation you may perceive and that the pricks upon the Water or Ocean are the Traces of that Course which Sir Francis Drake made in his surrounding the World A Glorious and no less fortunate Adventure affording Posterity the Pleasure and Profit of persuing his discovery both in reality and imagination such as is exhibited in this Map to which we refer you Vale. A DESCRIPTION OF The Whole WORLD WITH Rules for the use of the GLOBES and understanding of MAPS THe Heavens declare the Glory of God and the Firmament sheweth the work of his hands Psal. 19. 1. In the Creation of which and the whole earth and sea and all things therein contained of mear nothing within the compass of six dayes and in this wise and gracious ordering and guiding of all things is abundantly set forth his infinite and unutterable wisdom power greatness and goodness His end herein is first and chiefly for his own glory The Lord made all things for himself Prov. 16. 4. And secondly mens happiness unto whom the dominion of all things was under God committed Gen. 1. Psalm 8. 6. That men may come therefore to some understanding thereof I shall first speak of the Heavenly and of the Earthly Globes and the several matters incident thereunto Then I shall also make a brief description of the four parts of the earth and the Countries in each part the several Religions professed in them with the varieties of Trade and Commodities therein never yet set forth in a Treatise of this nature The whole world therefore is divided into two parts Etherial or Celestial and Elemental Of which there are two Globes accordingly the heavenly and the earthly Now a Globe is a proportionable representation of the heavens or of the earth the Etherial Celestial or heavenly part doth compasse the Terrestial or earthly and containeth the ten upper Spheres or nearest unto the earth 1 the Mâ—…on 2 Mercury 3 Venus 4 the Sun 5 Mars 6 Jupiter 7 Saturn 8 the starry Firmament 9 the Crystalline heaven having no stars at all 10 the Primum Mobile or first mover containing all the rest within it and moving from the east to the west carrying about with it in violence all the other Spheres The rest of the Spheres have contrary motions every one in his kind though far flower than the other and the motions are contrary from the west to the east and so are carried about oftentimes by the first mover before they make one perfect revolution in themselves The Crystalline or ninth Sphere his motion is almost insensible and is called the Trembling motion performed according to the opinion of latter Astronomers in four thousand nine hundred years The eighth Sphere being the Starry firmament in seven thousand years the Sphere of Saturn in thirty years of Iupiter in twelve years Mars in two years the Sun passeth the Zodiack in three hundred sixty five dayes Venus ends her course in somewhat more than a year Mercury holds equal pace with the Sun and the Moon courseth about the Heavens once every eight and twenty dayes Thus much for the Coelestial or heavenly part of the world wherein I shall need say nothing of the Religion of Angels and the spirits of just men made perfect seeing it is manifest enough to every one that there they keep their first estate The Religion also of the fallen Angels who are held by many to be thrust out of Heaven and to abide in the Air whereupon Sathan is called the Prince of the Air Eph. 2. 2. is so notorious for enmity against God and all manner of wickedness that poor man is more sentient of sorrow for their tentations then furnished with words to express their wickednesse to the life The Elemental part of the World is fourfold earth water air fire as may be seen in that round Figure of the frame of the heavens and elements one within another the inmost and middlemost circle containing earth and water intermixed together the next the three Regions of the air and immediately above that Orb is the element of fire all which you may easily discern by their several names in their proper places And thus much shall suffice to have spoken of the Globe of the whole World I shall now speak first generally and
agreeing very well with the English Constitution The Summer is as hot as in Spain the Winter as cold as in France or in England The Heat of Summer is in Iune Iuâ—…y and August but the constant breezes at that time of the year do much allay its vehemency The extreme cold of the Winter is half December Ianuary February and half March The Winds are variable but no such Thunder or Lightning as in Europe all the varieties of needful Fruits which we have here may by the industry of men be in great plenty there There is but one entrance by Sea into this Country and that is at the Mouth of a very goodly Bay eighteen or twenty miles broad The South Cape is called Cape Henry and the North Cape Charles in honour of those two Princes The Land may have the prerogative over most places known for large and pleasant Navigable Rivers Mountains Hills Valleys and Champion Fields In the Bay which lieth North and South are many Isles both great and small the water floweth herein neer 200. miles and hath a Channel for 140. miles of betwixt 6 and 15 Fathom deep being in breadth some 10 or 14 miles The Mountains are of divers natures for at the Head of the Bay the Rocks are of a Composition like Mill-stones some of Marble c. the Colour of the Earth did in some places resemble Bole Armeniac Tirra Sigillata Fullers Earth but generally it is a black Sandy Mould In some places again fat slimy Clay in others a very barren Gravel The whole Country is neither Mountainous nor yet low but bestowed into pleasant Hills and fertile Valleys one prettily crossing another and watered conveniently with fresh Brooks and Streams no less commodions then delightful There is little Grass for all the Country is over-grown with Trees whose continual Droppings causeth their Grass to turn to Weeds by reason of the ranckness of the Ground which is now well amended by the Plantations The Wood is commonly Oake and Walnut many of their Oakes so tall and streight that they will bear two foot and an half square of good Timber for twenty yards long there is also some Ash and Elm Mulberries Chesnuts which taste like Damsons and Vines but they are wild and bear few Grapes There are also Gums Cedars Saxafras-Trees Berries Herbs and Roots Pellitory and Oranges For Beasts there are Deer Squirrells Beaver Otters Foxes Dogs Martins Pole-cats and Weasels For Birds there are all sorts of Hawks Partridges Turkeys Blackbirds Thrushes and divers of our small Birds In Winter there are great plenty of Swans Geese and such Wilde Foul as also Parrots and Pigeons For Fish there is Sturgeon Grampus Porcupisce Seal Mullets white Salmons Trouts Soales Plaise Herrings Pearch Crabs Stromps Eeles Lampreys Oysters Cockles and Muscles The Inhabitants differ much in stature but generally they are tall and streight they are of colour Brown or enclining to an Olive when at Age but are born white They are inconstant in every thing but what fear constraineth them to keep Crafty Timorous quick of apprehension and very ingenious They are soon moved to anger and so malicious that they seldome forget an Injury Their Buildings and Habitations are for the most part by Rivers or not far distant from some fresh Spring their Houses are built like our Arbours of small young Twigs bowed and tyed and so close-covered with Mats or the Barks of Trees very handsomly that notwithstanding either Wind Rain or Weather they are as warm as Stoves but very smoky yet at the top of the House they have a Hole to let it out The Men use Fishing Hunting and other Manly Exercises while the Women sow and reap and carry burdens and do all the Drudgery Their Chief God they serve is the Devil whom they call Okee more out of fear then love In their Temples which are Houses 60. foot high built Arbour-wise are placed the Images of their Devils and Kings and their Tombes They have a Chief and Inferiour Priests but keep no Day more Holy then another They use also divers Conjurations and have Altars but they stand from their Temples In some parts of their Country they have yearly a Sacrifice of Children Upon some conference with them concerning their Religion although they could not be perswaded to forsake their False Gods yet they did believe that our God as much exceeded theirs as our Guns did their Bows and Arrows Many encounters the English had with these Natives who by treacheries and open assaults endeavoured to disturb their possession but they were so frighted with the noise and so terrified with the Execution of the Guns that they were kept in some awe while Iames Town was finished which by the constant supplies sent yearly by the Council for Virginia was at last well built and fortified and pallisadoed and the Salvages awed into a good Comportment untill the comming of the Lord de La Ware just as through want the English were resolved to quiâ—…t the Country a little before which time as they had taken the same resolution Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Sommers prevented them by arriving from the Bermudas where they had been in great danger by a leaking Ship His Lordship arrived the 9. of Iune 1610. accompanied with Ferdinando Waynman Captain Houlcroft Captain Lawson and divers others in three ships well appointed with a years provision who built Fort Charles and Fort Henry that were afore but bare Capes and soon after good store of Kine and Swine were sent by Sir Thomas Dale who was Governour after my Lord De la Ware was returned who built a Town called Henrico and portioned out the adjacent Country into Hundreds as also he built another Town and called it the New Bermoudas about fifty miles from Iames Town and the English Collony fell to planting their Corn about April every year every man having been allotted three Acres of Ground in the nature of Farms the first Farmer there being one William Spence who were to supply their stores for it with a small quantity of Corn yearly by which means it was wonderfull to see how in so short a time this Colony was thriven in its reputation But it advanced faster soon after by the means of the standing Lottery and a perfect peace made with Powhatan the King of the Country whose Daughter being surprised one Mr. Rolfe had married She proved a very good Christian and Vertuous Woman being Christened Rebecca They begun also now to plant Tobacco every year changing their Governour and had a dispute with the French in their new plantations A Convention also in the nature of a Parliament was called and several gifts to charitable uses for bringing up the Indian Children transmitted to the Governour and Council so that they were by the year 1620 in a very flourishing condition that year arriving no less than eleven ships and 1216 persons which were thus to be disposed 80. for Tennants to the Governors Lands besider 50. sent the