to_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o they_o to_o premise_v something_o concerning_o the_o original_a of_o they_o in_o general_a and_o the_o rather_o because_o there_o have_v be_v great_a controversy_n betwixt_o the_o stoic_n and_o peripatetic_n about_o the_o cause_n of_o they_o now_o the_o several_a opinion_n concerning_o the_o original_a of_o last_a spring_n which_o be_v call_v fontes_n perennes_fw-la may_v be_v reduce_v to_o three_o head_n for_o either_o they_o proceed_v from_o rain-water_n or_o they_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n flow_v from_o the_o sea_n through_o subterraneal_a channel_n if_o any_o shall_v object_v as_o some_o have_v do_v and_o say_v they_o may_v come_v from_o subterraneal_a lake_n let_v i_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o those_o sake_n proceed_v not_o from_o some_o of_o the_o three_o former_a and_o whether_o they_o will_v not_o in_o time_n be_v exhaust_v if_o otherwise_o argument_n for_o 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contend_v for_o the_o second_o opinion_n such_o as_o seneca_n etc._n etc._n affirm_v that_o spring_n be_v generate_v chief_o of_o earth_n change_v into_o water_n and_o that_o because_o all_o element_n be_v mutual_o transmutable_a into_o one_o the_o other_o and_o some_o as_o aristotle_n and_o h._n ab_fw-la here_o be_v that_o spring_n be_v generate_v of_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o the_o coldness_n thereof_o condense_v into_o water_n sol_fw-la 1._o it_o be_v more_o probable_a according_a to_o reason_n and_o experience_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o density_n of_o the_o earth_n water_n shall_v more_o easy_o be_v convert_v into_o earth_n than_o the_o earth_n into_o water_n 2._o it_o be_v to_o be_v wonder_v at_o that_o see_v that_o ten_o part_n of_o air_n if_o not_o many_o more_o serve_v for_o the_o make_n of_o one_o part_n of_o water_n conteinable_a in_o the_o same_o space_n there_o shall_v be_v so_o much_o space_n in_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o contain_n of_o so_o much_o air_n as_o serve_v for_o the_o make_n of_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n as_o spring_v daily_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n beside_o so_o much_o air_n be_v spend_v there_o will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v a_o vacuum_n for_o where_o shall_v there_o be_v so_o many_o and_o great_a cranny_n or_o hole_n to_o let_v the_o air_n into_o the_o earth_n fast_o enough_o but_o if_o there_o be_v yet_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o so_o much_o air_n can_v be_v corrupt_v in_o such_o a_o moment_n the_o whole_a elementary_a air_n be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n most_o subtle_a and_o not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v such_o abundance_n of_o water_n as_o all_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v amount_v to_o now_o although_o this_o answer_n be_v according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o common_a philosopher_n and_o sufficient_a for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o this_o objection_n yet_o helmont_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o any_o such_o supposition_n viz._n that_o air_n and_o water_n can_v at_o all_o be_v mutual_o transmute_v into_o one_o the_o other_o it_o be_v true_a say_v he_o that_o water_n can_v easy_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o vapour_n and_o the_o say_a vapour_n into_o water_n again_o but_o this_o vapour_n be_v nothing_o else_o material_o and_o formal_o but_o a_o congery_n of_o atom_n of_o water_n sublime_v and_o air_n will_v not_o in_o cold_a or_o heat_n yield_v water_v any_o more_o than_o it_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o vapour_n viz._n of_o rarefy_a water_n for_o say_v he_o if_o those_o two_o element_n be_v so_o mutual_o convertible_a one_o species_n must_v be_v transmute_v into_o another_o and_o the_o air_n that_o be_v make_v out_o of_o water_n may_v be_v again_o reduce_v into_o the_o same_o numerical_a waterwhich_v it_o be_v before_o its_o rarefaction_n but_o this_o can_v be_v
unless_o you_o will_v grant_v that_o which_o all_o philosopher_n deny_v viz._n that_o a_o privatione_fw-la ad_fw-la habitum_fw-la datur_fw-la regressuc_fw-la last_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o his_o opinion_n he_o bring_v in_o a_o experiment_n viz._n air_n shut_v up_o in_o a_o iron_n pipe_n of_o a_o ell_n long_o may_v be_v compress_v by_o force_n that_o it_o will_v be_v contain_v within_o the_o space_n of_o five_o finger_n which_o when_o it_o expand_v itself_o drive_v out_o the_o pellet_n with_o which_o it_o be_v stop_v at_o the_o one_o end_n with_o a_o sound_n like_o to_o that_o of_o a_o gun_n which_o will_v not_o be_v if_o the_o air_n thus_o compress_v can_v have_v be_v turn_v into_o water_n by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o iron_n argument_n confirm_v the_o three_o opinion_n and_o objection_n make_v against_o it_o answer_v the_o three_o opinion_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o and_o be_v hold_v by_o plato_n and_o thales_n himself_o one_o of_o the_o first_o philosopher_n in_o greece_n and_o not_o so_o only_o but_o be_v also_o assert_v in_o sacred_a writ_n viz._n eclesiastes_n chap._n i._n vers._n 7._o where_o the_o wise_a of_o man_n affirm_v that_o all_o the_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o full_a unto_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o river_n come_v thither_o they_o return_v again_o the_o reason_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v many_o but_o the_o chief_a be_v these_o two_o first_o because_o there_o be_v not_o anybody_o beside_o the_o vast_a ocean_n that_o can_v afford_v near_o such_o a_o abundance_n of_o water_n as_o spring_v from_o the_o earth_n second_o because_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v not_o increase_v by_o that_o multitude_n of_o water_n that_o flow_v daily_o into_o it_o as_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v unless_o they_o do_v by_o occult_a cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n return_v to_o their_o fountain_n as_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o fore_o cite_v place_n by_o the_o wise_a of_o philosopher_n neither_o be_v aristotle_n impute_v the_o waste_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o sun_n and_o wind_n of_o any_o force_n to_o persuade_v to_o the_o contrary_a for_o although_o this_o kind_n of_o waste_v may_v be_v grant_v in_o part_n yet_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v according_a to_o his_o judgement_n his_o whole_a element_n of_o water_n have_v be_v long_o since_o consume_v obj._n see_v the_o sea_n according_a to_o its_o situation_n be_v low_a than_o spring_n for_o the_o course_n of_o water_n be_v downward_o how_o then_o do_v the_o water_n thereof_o ascend_v so_o high_a as_o the_o head_n of_o spring_n especial_o those_o in_o high_a mountain_n and_o hill_n sol._n i_o shall_v first_o show_v after_o what_o manner_n it_o do_v not_o ascend_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o for_o there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n concerning_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o ascent_n 1._o it_o be_v not_o force_v upward_o by_o a_o spirit_n or_o breath_n that_o be_v in_o the_o water_n itself_o as_o pliny_n and_o vallesius_n suppose_v for_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v grant_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o intrinsical_a impulsive_a spirit_n or_o breath_n in_o water_n as_o it_o can_v not_o rational_o be_v for_o it_o be_v not_o observe_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v any_o other_o way_n but_o by_o tempest_n sometime_o and_o the_o moon_n by_o way_n of_o tide_n yet_o that_o can_v not_o though_o assist_v extrinsecal_o by_o strong_a wind_n blow_v contrary_o and_o that_o in_o a_o open_a sea_n force_v they_o to_o the_o height_n of_o spring_n much_o less_o can_v it_o alone_o in_o subterraneal_a crooked_a channel_n 2._o neither_o do_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o earth_n force_v it_o up_o as_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o bodinus_fw-la and_o thales_n for_o the_o earth_n see_v it_o be_v a_o solid_a and_o firm_a body_n do_v not_o lie_v upon_o and_o press_v the_o water_n but_o contrary_o the_o water_n the_o earth_n neither_o be_v the_o earth_n hold_v up_o by_o the_o water_n but_o the_o water_n by_o the_o earth_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o all_o river_n lake_n pit_n and_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o when_o it_o be_v in_o channel_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o at_o any_o time_n be_v quite_o full_a as_o it_o sometime_o happen_v the_o upper_a part_n alone_o prove_v empty_a which_o will_v not_o be_v if_o the_o water_n be_v press_v by_o the_o earth_n but_o contrary_o 3._o neither_o do_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o sea_n force_v itself_o up_o as_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o seneca_n who_o suppose_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v out_o of_o its_o place_n viz._n above_o its_o place_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o air_n and_o so_o above_o the_o head_n of_o spring_n towards_o which_o it_o force_v itself_o by_o its_o natural_a descent_n and_o so_o rise_v up_o again_o as_o high_a as_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v but_o he_o prove_v it_o not_o only_o he_o assert_v it_o but_o doctor_n jorden_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o bath_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n as_o touch_v the_o sea_n be_v high_o than_o the_o earth_n though_o he_o hold_v that_o the_o natural_a place_n of_o the_o water_n be_v above_o the_o earth_n seem_v to_o give_v some_o plausible_a account_n of_o it_o for_o say_v he_o although_o near_o the_o coast_n it_o be_v depress_v and_o low_a than_o the_o shore_n yet_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o that_o because_o it_o be_v terminate_v by_o the_o dry_a and_o solid_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o see_v in_o a_o cup_n or_o bowl_n of_o water_n fill_v to_o the_o top_n we_o may_v put_v in_o a_o great_a bulk_n of_o silver_n in_o piece_n and_o yet_o the_o water_n will_v not_o run_v over_o but_o be_v heighten_v above_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o bowl_n the_o like_a say_v he_o we_o may_v see_v in_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n put_v upon_o a_o table_n where_o the_o edge_n or_o extremity_n of_o the_o water_n be_v terminate_v by_o the_o dry_a substance_n of_o the_o table_n be_v depress_v and_o low_a than_o the_o middle_a like_o a_o half_a globe_n but_o take_v away_o the_o termination_n by_o moisten_v the_o table_n and_o the_o drop_n sink_v even_o to_o a_o evenness_n and_o whereas_o we_o see_v say_v he_o that_o river_n run_v downward_o towards_o the_o sea_n per_fw-la declive_a it_o do_v not_o prove_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v low_a than_o the_o land_n but_o only_o near_o the_o shore_n where_o it_o be_v thus_o terminate_v and_o in_o lieu_n of_o this_o it_o have_v scope_n enough_o assign_v it_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o globe_n and_o so_o to_o be_v as_o high_a as_o the_o land_n if_o not_o high_a now_o if_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a in_o the_o middle_a than_o the_o high_a place_n of_o the_o land_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a that_o it_o shall_v force_v itself_o to_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n soon_o than_o into_o river_n which_o be_v far_o low_o than_o the_o head_n of_o spring_n and_o more_o open_a than_o the_o narrow_a channel_n and_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o it_o must_v pass_v to_o the_o spring_n and_o for_o that_o similitude_n of_o his_o concerning_o the_o termination_n of_o water_n by_o dryness_n it_o will_v not_o hold_v water_n nay_o it_o rather_o make_v against_o he_o than_o for_o he_o for_o he_o say_v that_o this_o termination_n be_v take_v away_o by_o moisture_n now_o let_v i_o demand_v of_o he_o or_o of_o those_o of_o his_o judgement_n whether_o or_o no_o many_o great_a river_n terminate_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a moisture_n for_o the_o take_v away_o of_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o water_n make_v by_o the_o dryness_n of_o earth_n and_o so_o to_o make_v the_o globous_a sea_n to_o sink_v to_o a_o evenness_n 4._o and_o as_o the_o water_n be_v not_o elevate_v by_o any_o of_o the_o three_o foregoing_a way_n of_o impulse_n or_o force_v so_o neither_o be_v it_o by_o any_o of_o these_o two_o way_n of_o attraction_n viz._n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o planet_n or_o by_o the_o earth_n suck_v it_o in_o as_o a_o sponge_n do_v water_n from_o beneath_o and_o send_v it_o to_o high_a place_n for_o the_o first_o there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o attractive_a virtue_n demonstrate_v and_o if_o there_o be_v it_o will_v as_o well_o and_o promiscous_o extend_v a_o like_a to_o valley_n and_o low_a country_n where_o we_o see_v few_o fountain_n as_o well_o as_o to_o high_a mountain_n and_o hill_n from_o whence_o proceed_v the_o great_a spring_n as_o to_o the_o second_o a_o attractive_a virtue_n if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o here_o attract_v to_o this_o end_n that_o the_o subject_n wherein_o it_o be_v may_v consume_v retain_v or_o
enjoy_v what_o be_v attract_v and_o over_o and_o above_o that_o none_o or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o much_o as_o will_v suffice_v for_o the_o make_n of_o spring_n 5._o neither_o be_v there_o such_o vein_n in_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o the_o water_n shall_v pass_v as_o clothe_v wine_n through_o crooked_a pipe_n or_o crane_n wt al_a wine-cooper_n and_o vintner_n use_n for_o the_o draw_n of_o wine_n out_o of_o one_o vessel_n into_o a_o other_o through_o which_o the_o wine_n be_v once_o suck_v run_v continual_o till_o all_o be_v run_v forth_o for_o the_o vein_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o whole_o and_o throughout_o full_a as_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v be_v before_o water_n will_v ascend_v through_o they_o for_o preservation_n of_o its_o continuity_n and_o the_o avoid_n of_o a_o vacuum_n 6._o neither_o be_v the_o water_n raise_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o helmont_n sabulum_fw-la or_o virgin-earth_n which_o he_o say_v be_v a_o certain_a 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intus_fw-la alit_fw-la vasti_fw-la quoque_fw-la marmoris_fw-la aequor_fw-la mens_fw-la agitat_fw-la molem_fw-la totam_fw-la diffusa_fw-la per_fw-la artus_fw-la and_o he_o further_o add_v that_o the_o sea_n have_v in_o it_o a_o kind_n of_o life_n because_o though_o the_o wind_n cease_v yet_o it_o have_v its_o spontaneous_a motion_n and_o observe_v its_o tide_n according_a to_o certain_a observation_n that_o it_o have_v of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o if_o it_o will_v rise_v to_o meet_v she_o now_o let_v we_o observe_v the_o weight_n of_o helmont_n argument_n and_o that_o indeed_o be_v little_a or_o none_o as_o i_o conceive_v for_o first_o he_o do_v not_o any_o way_n demonstrate_v that_o continuation_n of_o his_o virgin-earth_n from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n much_o less_o the_o vitality_n thereof_o second_o for_o the_o vitality_n of_o water_n he_o only_o quote_v a_o poetical_a fiction_n and_o three_o for_o the_o spontaneous_a flow_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v no_o more_o a_o demonstrative_a reason_n for_o the_o vitality_n thereof_o than_o the_o loadstone_n attract_v iron_n a_o reason_n of_o the_o vitality_n of_o the_o same_o 7_o neither_o be_v it_o raise_v upon_o that_o account_n of_o condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n which_o the_o learned_a doctor_n flood_n endeavour_v to_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o experiment_n of_o his_o weatherglass_n the_o air_n and_o water_n say_v he_o fill_v up_o all_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o world_n so_o that_o in_o what_o hemisphere_n the_o air_n by_o reason_n of_o cold_a be_v condense_v there_o the_o water_n be_v rarefy_v and_o swell_v as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o weatherglass_n where_o the_o water_n be_v rarify_v and_o raise_v high_a when_o the_o air_n be_v with_o cold_a most_o condense_v as_o also_o in_o the_o swell_n of_o spring_n in_o frosty-weather_n now_o although_o this_o his_o experiment_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a glass_n do_v pretty_o illustrate_v the_o business_n of_o condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n in_o close_a vessel_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o demonstrate_v sufficient_o the_o raise_n of_o water_n from_o the_o deep_a subterraneal_a channel_n to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v apparent_a as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o chapter_n that_o some_o spring_n swell_v more_o in_o summer_n than_o in_o winter_n second_o if_o spring_n do_v rise_v high_a in_o time_n of_o frost_n than_o in_o hot_a season_n it_o be_v only_o either_o because_o some_o subterraneal_a vapour_n which_o can_v not_o evaporate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v constring_v with_o cold_a be_v condense_v into_o water_n and_o so_o make_v for_o the_o present_a some_o small_a addition_n to_o spring_n or_o because_o the_o subterraneal_a water_n be_v rarify_v and_o swell_v by_o that_o heat_n which_o be_v occasion_v through_o the_o aforesaid_a bind_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o spring_n be_v hot_a in_o frosty_a weather_n than_o in_o summer_n and_o three_o because_o the_o water_n of_o that_o weatherglass_n if_o it_o be_v open_a at_o the_o top_n as_o the_o vein_n of_o fountain_n be_v will_v not_o observe_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o season_n so_o as_o to_o rise_v or_o fall_v according_o for_o that_o in_o a_o close_a glass_n it_o arise_v only_o ad_fw-la evitandum_fw-la vacuum_fw-la and_o now_o rather_o than_o nature_n shall_v suffer_v a_o vacuum_n by_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v vapour_n and_o fume_n will_v proceed_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n nay_o the_o next_o adjacent_a warm_a air_n will_v come_v in_o as_o a_o supply_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n soon_o than_o water_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v rarify_v which_o will_v not_o in_o a_o open_a glass_n be_v raise_v at_o all_o though_o the_o weather_n be_v never_o so_o cold_a by_o these_o seven_o negative_n it_o appear_v how_o the_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o ascend_v i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o demonstrate_v how_o they_o do_v ascend_v to_o the_o head_n of_o spring_n it_o be_v absurd_a to_o think_v be_v the_o same_o which_o aristotle_n himself_o and_o his_o follower_n grant_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o be_v elevate_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o cavern_n to_o the_o head_n of_o spring_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o water_n be_v elevate_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n now_o this_o elevation_n be_v do_v by_o the_o force_n of_o heat_n resolve_v the_o water_n into_o vapour_n and_o if_o so_o why_o then_o may_v not_o the_o other_o be_v do_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n viz._n by_o heat_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o matter_n whether_o that_o heat_n be_v above_o or_o beneath_o the_o water_n if_o so_o be_v it_o force_v they_o into_o vapour_n and_o make_v they_o ascend_v as_o high_a as_o be_v requisite_a they_o shall_v but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v very_o cold_a and_o it_o be_v coldness_n that_o condense_v vapour_n into_o water_n but_o now_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o these_o vapour_n pass_v be_v warm_a as_o be_v agree_v by_o most_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o there_o must_v be_v cold_a for_o the_o condense_n of_o vapour_n into_o water_n it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o there_o be_v a_o more_o remiss_a degree_n of_o heat_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o head_n of_o a_o alembic_n and_o the_o cover_n of_o a_o seethe_a pot_n the_o interior_a superficies_n thereof_o be_v full_a of_o drop_n while_o they_o themselves_o be_v warm_a now_o for_o the_o make_n of_o a_o vapour_n of_o any_o liquid_a matter_n heat_n be_v altogether_o and_o absolute_o necessary_a according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o and_o for_o much_o vapour_n there_o be_v much_o heat_n and_o a_o considerable_a proportion_n of_o humour_n require_v but_o see_v abundance_n of_o water_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o subterraneal_a heat_n which_o must_v be_v in_o like_o proportion_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o spring_n be_v next_o and_o diligent_o to_o be_v inquire_v into_o now_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v hot_a it_o be_v know_v by_o daily_a experience_n and_o lucilius_n baldus_n say_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v new_o dig_v be_v hot_a and_o smoke_v and_o that_o out_o of_o deep_a well_n be_v draw_v warm_a water_n and_o especial_o in_o winter_n season_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a bind_v the_o earth_n and_o keep_v in_o the_o heat_n but_o how_o this_o heat_n come_v to_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n he_o speak_v like_o a_o stoic_a and_o say_v it_o be_v in_o it_o as_o natural_o as_o vital_a heat_n be_v in_o animal_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v not_o so_o probable_a as_o that_o of_o the_o peripatetic_n who_o say_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o
burn_v in_o the_o very_a cavity_n and_o cavern_n of_o they_o the_o cavity_n themselves_o consist_v of_o a_o bituminous_a matter_n for_o bitumen_n and_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v make_v of_o it_o be_v kindle_v burn_v in_o water_n by_o which_o also_o the_o say_a fire_n be_v cherish_v this_o you_o may_v see_v in_o naphtha_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o bitumen_n for_o if_o you_o put_v but_o a_o drop_n thereof_o into_o water_n and_o put_v fire_n to_o it_o you_o will_v see_v it_o burn_v and_o continue_v burn_v so_o long_o that_o you_o will_v wonder_v at_o it_o which_o can_v not_o be_v unless_o it_o be_v feed_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o water_n which_o it_o do_v attract_v and_o transmute_v into_o its_o own_o nature_n the_o like_o you_o may_v see_v in_o champhir_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o bitumen_n pliny_n also_o affirm_v that_o these_o be_v some_o certain_a burn_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o sometime_o cast_v out_o bitumen_n and_o be_v increase_v by_o rain_n and_o fallopius_n say_v that_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o mutina_n be_v a_o short_a plat_n of_o ground_n out_o of_o which_o come_v fire_n and_o smoke_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v all_o like_o dust_n which_o if_o you_o kindle_v you_o can_v quench_v again_o with_o water_n so_o that_o these_o kind_n of_o fire_n be_v perpetual_a and_o very_o long_o last_v in_o water_n and_o have_v it_o not_o be_v observe_v that_o a_o fiery_a bituminous_a matter_n do_v sometime_o flow_v out_o of_o hot_a spring_n pliny_n make_v mention_v that_o in_o the_o city_n somosata_n of_o comaganes_n a_o certain_a lake_n send_v forth_o burn_a mud_n and_o plato_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o like_a concerning_o a_o spring_n in_o sicilia_n and_o agricola_n report_v another_o upon_o his_o credit_n fallopius_n also_o say_v that_o in_o many_o place_n where_o the_o earth_n be_v dig_v deep_a there_o be_v ash_n and_o calcine_v stone_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o fire_n and_o that_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o modena_n bolonia_n florence_n and_o other_o place_n as_o in_o italy_n etc._o etc._o there_o be_v find_v spring_n and_o several_a place_n cast_v out_o fire_n but_o as_o to_o spring_n this_o happen_v only_o where_o the_o bituminous_a matter_n be_v very_o near_o the_o spring_n head_n and_o as_o high_a and_o where_o the_o vein_n be_v more_o open_a now_o than_o the_o manner_n of_o spring_n be_v cause_v by_o this_o bituminous_a fire_n be_v this_o viz._n see_v art_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n imitate_v nature_n the_o thing_n be_v even_o the_o same_o in_o a_o hot_a spring_n as_o in_o a_o distil_a vessel_n or_o a_o seethe_a pot_n cover_v with_o a_o lid_n only_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o these_o the_o fire_n be_v put_v on_o the_o out_o side_n but_o here_o the_o fire_n be_v within_o the_o cavern_n itself_o through_o which_o the_o water_n pass_v and_o that_o either_o lie_v in_o the_o bottom_n or_o stick_v to_o the_o side_n thereof_o as_o therefore_o in_o these_o artificial_a vessel_n the_o water_n be_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o fire_n resolve_v into_o a_o vapour_n be_v force_v upward_o to_o the_o cover_n or_o head_n thereof_o where_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o less_o degree_n of_o heat_n it_o be_v condense_v into_o drop_n and_o return_v to_o its_o self_n and_o into_o its_o own_o nature_n again_o so_o even_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n water_n in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v heat_v by_o the_o bituminous_a fire_n with_o which_o it_o be_v mix_v be_v by_o the_o heat_n thereof_o force_v into_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n which_o ascend_v through_o the_o cranine_n vein_n and_o fibre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v there_o for_o the_o great_a part_n turn_v into_o water_n do_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o vapour_n yet_o very_o hot_a break_v forth_o in_o fountain_n viz._n very_o hot_a and_o very_o full_a of_o spirit_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o boil_v if_o the_o fountain_n be_v near_o to_o the_o cavern_n or_o only_o warm_a if_o more_o remote_a and_o as_o these_o spring_n differ_v in_o their_o heat_n according_a to_o their_o nearness_n or_o remoteness_n to_o their_o fire_n so_o also_o in_o their_o bituminous_a odour_n and_o taste_v for_o as_o in_o distil_a water_n their_o empyreuma_n vanish_v in_o length_n of_o time_n so_o in_o these_o in_o length_n of_o course_n so_o that_o these_o fountain_n which_o be_v very_o remote_a from_o this_o bituminous_a fire_n be_v neither_o hot_a nor_o have_v any_o bituminous_a odour_n and_o as_o by_o this_o natural_a distillation_n water_n be_v the_o best_a way_n procolate_v from_o its_o sea_n saltness_n so_o also_o do_v it_o become_v thereby_o less_o obnoxious_a to_o putrefaction_n for_o we_o know_v that_o distil_a water_n last_v long_a ob._n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o matter_n preserve_v this_o fire_n be_v bitumen_n than_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o almost_o the_o whole_a world_n shall_v be_v bitumen_n because_o ever_o since_o and_o before_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n these_o hot_a bath_n be_v and_o be_v like_a to_o continue_v for_o ever_o and_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v that_o element_n for_o ever_o which_o must_v preserve_v that_o fire_n sol._n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o there_o must_v at_o present_a be_v so_o much_o bitumen_n as_o will_v maintain_v the_o fire_n so_o long_o for_o it_o be_v perpetual_o generate_v and_o as_o long_o as_o there_o shall_v be_v sic_fw-la city_n and_o humidity_n in_o the_o earth_n there_o will_v be_v bitumen_n generate_v and_o do_v not_o we_o see_v that_o metal_n be_v generate_v a_o new_a in_o the_o same_o place_n out_o of_o which_o they_o have_v former_o be_v dig_v witness_v the_o profit_n which_o fallopius_n say_v the_o duke_n of_o florence_n have_v by_o it_o and_o the_o testimony_n of_o learned_a sendivogius_n who_o say_v that_o there_o have_v be_v metal_n find_v in_o mountain_n where_o former_o there_o have_v be_v none_o if_o so_o then_o much_o more_o may_v sulphur_n and_o bitumen_n be_v generate_v a_o new_a ob._n if_o it_o shall_v 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earth_n where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a heat_n the_o bitumen_n and_o sulphur_n be_v melt_v and_o by_o this_o mean_n follow_v the_o flame_n as_o i_o say_v before_o of_o oil._n ob._n if_o bitumen_n feed_v the_o fire_n of_o these_o bath_n than_o the_o water_n thereof_o will_v have_v the_o odour_n taste_n and_o colour_n of_o bitumen_n but_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o have_v not_o sol._n though_o all_o bath_n be_v heat_v by_o bitumen_n yet_o some_o immediate_o as_o those_o which_o do_v pass_v through_o the_o place_n where_o it_o burn_v and_o these_o only_o have_v the_o taste_n and_o odour_n of_o the_o same_o and_o some_o mediate_o as_o those_o that_o pass_v through_o place_n as_o rock_n etc._n etc._n heat_v by_o bitumen_n burn_v under_o they_o as_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o empedocles_n and_o vitruvius_n neither_o do_v i_o by_o this_o distinction_n contradict_v what_o i_o say_v before_o concerning_o the_o water_n be_v distil_v up_o by_o that_o fire_n only_o which_o burn_v in_o the_o cavern_n and_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v for_o in_o this_o place_n i_o speak_v only_o of_o the_o water_n be_v heat_v this_o mediate_a heat_n not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o distil_v they_o to_o any_o considerable_a height_n ob._n it_o be_v very_o improbable_a that_o any_o subterraneal_a fire_n can_v burn_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o want_n of_o air_n as_o we_o see_v in_o cup_a glass_n where_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v apply_v the_o fire_n go_v out_o beside_o the_o fuliginous_a vapour_n will_v recoil_v and_o choke_v the_o fire_n for_o there_o be_v few_o or_o no_o vent_n and_o exhalation_n see_v sol._n there_o be_v not_o any_o such_o great_a want_n
of_o air_n in_o the_o earth_n nay_o there_o be_v such_o a_o plenty_n of_o it_o there_o that_o many_o learned_a philosopher_n be_v nay_o aristotle_n himself_o of_o opinion_n that_o all_o spring_n be_v generate_v of_o subterraneal_a air_n 2._o air_n be_v not_o the_o aliment_n of_o fire_n for_o say_v the_o lord_n bacon_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-la vita_fw-la et_fw-la morte_fw-la flamma_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la aer_fw-la accensus_fw-la flame_n be_v not_o kindle_v air_n nay_o but_o unctuous_a vapour_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v burn_v so_o that_o whereas_o without_o air_n fire_n go_v out_o and_o be_v extinguish_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o fuliginous_a vapour_n want_v evaporation_n do_v recoil_v upon_o the_o fire_n and_o choke_v it_o now_o this_o bituminous_a fire_n be_v not_o be_v of_o a_o sulphureous_a nature_n very_o fuliginous_a and_o beside_o what_o smoke_n or_o fume_n or_o vapour_n there_o come_v from_o it_o be_v subtle_a and_o penetrate_v and_o either_o evaporate_v through_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n insensible_o or_o incorporate_v themselves_o with_o some_o suitable_a subject_n that_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o be_v of_o themselves_o condense_v into_o some_o unctuous_a matter_n adhere_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o cavern_n into_o which_o they_o be_v elevate_v so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o fuliginousness_n of_o vapour_n more_o or_o less_o recoil_v the_o fire_n be_v more_o or_o less_o choke_v nay_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v historian_n there_o have_v be_v burn_a lamp_n close_o shut_v up_o in_o glass_n for_o fiftheen_n hundred_o year_n together_o in_o old_a sepulchre_n now_o they_o burn_v without_o air_n and_o be_v not_o extinguish_v by_o reason_n the_o aliment_n of_o it_o be_v a_o naphtha_n or_o bituminous_a matter_n which_o be_v so_o pure_a that_o it_o breed_v no_o fuliginous_a vapour_n to_o choke_v the_o fire_n thereof_o 3._o where_o this_o fire_n be_v very_o great_a there_o be_v a_o great_a vent_n and_o exhalation_n but_o where_o but_o little_a little_a be_v the_o vent_n and_o insensible_a and_o in_o most_o place_n the_o fire_n be_v not_o great_a extensive_o but_o intensive_o because_o it_o be_v keep_v within_o a_o narrow_a compass_n as_o in_o small_a cavern_n and_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n q_o how_o come_v this_o bitumen_n to_o be_v kindle_v in_o the_o earth_n sol._n it_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o that_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o bitumen_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o subterraneal_a fire_n that_o hot_a and_o dry_a exhalation_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o not_o find_v any_o place_n to_o break_v forth_o be_v agitate_a attenuate_v rarify_v and_o so_o inflame_v and_o be_v inflame_v kindle_v the_o bitumen_n now_o last_o let_v no_o man_n wonder_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o great_a a_o force_n of_o fire_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n as_o to_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o generation_n of_o so_o many_o spring_n that_o flow_v from_o thence_o daily_a see_v pliny_n and_o many_o other_o philosopher_n wonder_v so_o much_o on_o the_o other_o side_n when_o they_o consider_v of_o the_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o break_v forth_o into_o a_o exclamation_n say_v it_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o miracle_n that_o all_o thing_n be_v not_o every_o day_n burn_v up_o and_o can_v the_o burn_n of_o the_o aetnean_a visuvian_n nymphean_a mountain_n convince_v we_o a_o little_a of_o this_o but_o for_o the_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n let_v we_o a_o little_a consider_v whence_o the_o wind_n proceed_v and_o what_o they_o be_v and_o be_v they_o not_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a exhalation_n now_o that_o this_o proceed_v from_o and_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n most_o agree_v and_o that_o it_o enter_v not_o first_o into_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o probable_a for_o how_o can_v a_o hot_a dry_a light_a exhalation_n who_o nature_n and_o property_n be_v to_o ascend_v descend_v into_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o to_o cause_v such_o great_a and_o last_a wind_n as_o many_o time_n happen_v it_o must_v therefore_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n original_o and_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o some_o great_a heat_n in_o the_o same_o and_o what_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o the_o dry_a exhalation_n or_o spirit_n which_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o great_a quantity_n and_o endeavour_v to_o break_v forth_o through_o obstruct_a passage_n cause_v great_a earthquake_n whereby_o city_n town_n and_o country_n have_v be_v overthrow_v to_o say_v nothing_o of_o those_o dreadful_a noise_n sometime_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o i_o say_v these_o great_a exhalation_n i_o say_v great_a because_o i_o confess_v that_o some_o little_a quantity_n of_o they_o may_v be_v cause_v by_o certain_a fermentation_n in_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v raise_v if_o not_o from_o some_o great_a heat_n of_o fire_n within_o the_o earth_n never_o any_o one_o yet_o can_v rational_o determine_v and_o caesius_n affirm_v that_o at_o a_o certain_a village_n call_v tripergulus_n about_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n since_o after_o fiftteen_a day_n earthquake_n the_o earth_n open_v and_o wind_n smoke_n and_o very_o great_a fire_n break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o same_o also_o pumice-stone_n and_o abundance_n of_o ash_n in_o so_o much_o as_o they_o make_v a_o mountain_n and_o about_o that_o place_n be_v many_o hot_a spring_n also_o in_o apulia_n be_v a_o hot_a bath_n call_v tribulus_fw-la where_o there_o be_v abundance_n of_o ash_n and_o calcine_v stone_n and_o about_o the_o lake_n lucrinus_n and_o avernus_n be_v the_o same_o but_o if_o any_o shall_v yet_o doubt_v that_o wind_n proceed_v from_o the_o earth_n or_o from_o the_o occult_a fire_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o shall_v make_v it_o yet_o further_o to_o appear_v by_o propound_v to_o their_o consideration_n some_o observation_n concerning_o the_o sea_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o wind_n do_v proceed_v from_o the_o sea_n after_o a_o more_o apparent_a and_o violent_a manner_n than_o from_o the_o land_n and_o that_o more_o certain_a sign_n of_o a_o ensue_a wind_n be_v take_v from_o the_o sea_n than_o from_o the_o land_n for_o when_o a_o calm_a sea_n make_v a_o murmur_a noise_n within_o itself_o it_o signify_v that_o then_o the_o exhalation_n which_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v rise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o this_o the_o fish_n perceive_v and_o be_v afraid_a of_o it_o especial_o dolphin_n play_v above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o sea-urchin_n fasten_v themselves_o to_o rock_n the_o sea_n a_o little_a swell_n show_v that_o the_o exhalation_n be_v endeavour_v a_o vent_n then_o boil_v show_v that_o it_o have_v penetrate_v to_o the_o superficies_n but_o as_o yet_o in_o a_o little_a quantity_n but_o then_o the_o eruptious_a of_o the_o exhalation_n follow_v upon_o the_o water_n mount_v up_o aloft_o make_v wind_n and_o a_o tempest_n such_o as_o mariner_n have_v often_o experience_n of_o when_o as_o they_o perceive_v that_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o no_o other_o place_n but_o arise_v at_o themselves_o now_o why_o wave_n or_o billow_n shall_v precede_v wind_n let_v any_o man_n if_o he_o can_v give_v any_o other_o reason_n also_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o some_o mariner_n that_o a_o little_a before_o a_o great_a tempest_n there_o be_v see_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o a_o unctuous_a shine_v matter_n float_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o infallible_a sign_n of_o a_o ensue_a storm_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v because_o wind_n break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n force_v up_o with_o itself_o that_o bituminous_a matter_n from_o the_o place_n where_o itself_o be_v generate_v but_o now_o why_o wind_n shall_v arise_v from_o the_o sea_n more_o apparent_o than_o from_o the_o land_n be_v because_o there_o be_v more_o plenty_n of_o fire_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o there_o it_o have_v more_o aliment_n or_o fuel_n viz._n water_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v the_o aliment_n of_o that_o bituminous_a fire_n and_o whence_o be_v those_o great_a mountain_n of_o stone_n and_o mineral_n and_o those_o island_n which_o do_v sometime_o arise_v up_o anew_o from_o the_o sea_n but_o from_o a_o subterraneal_a fire_n which_o force_v they_o up_o from_o thence_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o learned_a sendivogius_n and_o experience_a erker_n and_o those_o chasm_n and_o gape_n of_o the_o sea_n much_o more_o may_v be_v allege_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o mineral_n and_o metal_n and_o many_o such_o like_a subterraneal_a operation_n which_o can_v not_o rational_o be_v ascribe_v to_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o fire_n within_o the_o earth_n but_o all_o the_o premise_n be_v serious_o
weigh_v and_o impartial_o consider_v i_o suppose_v there_o be_v but_o few_o but_o will_v conclude_v that_o as_o all_o spring_n proceed_v from_o the_o sea_n through_o subterraneal_a channel_n and_o cavern_n so_o also_o be_v distil_v up_o to_o the_o head_n of_o fountain_n by_o a_o subterraneal_a bituminous_a fire_n and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o be_v not_o yet_o satisfy_v let_v they_o consult_v with_o the_o treatise_n of_o our_o late_a and_o learned_a countryman_n mr._n thomas_n lydyat_n entitle_v disquisitio_n physiologica_fw-la de_fw-la origine_fw-la fontium_fw-la and_o there_o they_o shall_v find_v this_o opinion_n rational_o discuss_v and_o solid_o confirm_v but_o if_o yet_o they_o shall_v be_v leave_v unsatisfied_a let_v they_o produce_v a_o more_o rational_a account_n of_o any_o other_o opinion_n that_o will_v hold_v water_n in_o all_o respect_n better_a than_o this_o of_o i_o do_v and_o i_o shall_v thank_v he_o and_o embrace_v it_o and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o original_n of_o fountain_n in_o general_a i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o spring_n in_o particular_a chap._n iii_o of_o the_o strange_a variety_n of_o fountain_n and_o other_o water_n nature_n have_v not_o discover_v herself_o so_o various_o wonderful_a in_o any_o thing_n as_o in_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n river_n etc._n etc._n some_o of_o which_o strange_a water_n i_o shall_v reckon_v up_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o better_o conceive_v how_o various_o subterraneall_n communicate_v their_o virtue_n to_o this_o element_n now_o the_o wonderfulnes_n of_o water_n that_o i_o shall_v mention_v consist_v either_o in_o the_o strangeness_n of_o their_o colour_n taste_n odour_n sound_n weight_n observation_n of_o time_n and_o effect_n 1._o srange_a colour_n athenaeus_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o lake_n of_o babylonia_n that_o in_o summertime_n for_o some_o few_o day_n be_v red_a he_o also_o say_v that_o the_o water_n of_o borysthenes_n be_v blue_a in_o summertime_n pausanus_fw-la mention_v a_fw-la certain_a water_n at_o the_o town_n joppe_n and_o in_fw-la astyris_fw-la that_o be_v yellow_a cardanus_n speak_v of_o a_o white_a water_n in_o the_o river_n radera_fw-mi of_o misena_n he_o also_o say_v there_o be_v a_o green_a water_n in_o the_o mountain_n carpatus_fw-la he_o make_v report_n of_o a_o black_a water_n in_o allera_fw-la a_o river_n of_o saxonia_n scaliger_n report_v that_o the_o fountain_n job_n in_o idumea_n change_v colour_n four_o time_n in_o a_o year_n 2._o srange_a taste_n agricola_n make_v mention_n of_o sweet_a water_n in_o cardia_n near_o dascylus_n and_o puteolana_n near_o the_o cave_n call_v syhill_n aristotle_n relate_v of_o a_o water_n in_o sicania_n of_o sicilia_n which_o be_v use_v instead_o of_o vinegar_n and_o pickle_n rulandus_n also_o make_v a_o report_n of_o a_o sour_a water_n in_o mendick_n and_o ponterbon_n caesius_n speak_v of_o a_o bitter_a and_o salt_n water_n in_o palastina_n in_o which_o fish_n can_v not_o live_v of_o the_o same_o taste_n be_v the_o sulphur_n well_o in_o yorkshire_n caussinus_n say_v that_o the_o river_n hyspanis_fw-la be_v as_o sweet_a as_o honey_n in_o the_o beginning_n and_o acide_fw-la at_o the_o end_n pliny_n relate_v that_o in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o troglodytae_n there_o be_v a_o spring_n call_v fons_fw-la solis_fw-la i_o e._n the_o fountain_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o alter_v its_o taste_n according_a to_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n mutianus_n say_v that_o the_o fountain_n diotecnosia_n in_o the_o isle_n andros_n have_v the_o taste_n of_o wine_n salt_n water_n in_o yorkshire_n spain_n italy_n sicilia_n and_o divers_a other_o place_n nitrous_a water_n in_o lâ—tiâ—_fw-la of_o macedonia_n and_o at_o epsome_n and_o scarborow_n etc._n etc._n astr_v water_n as_o alluminous_a and_o vitrioline_n almost_o everywhere_o corrode_a water_n be_v in_o the_o river_n styx_n the_o water_n whereof_o be_v put_v into_o a_o silver_n copper_n or_o iron_n vessel_n corrode_v its_o way_n through_o the_o same_o fat_a water_n as_o they_o be_v tastable_n may_v be_v mention_v in_o this_o place_n and_o many_o of_o this_o sort_n say_v caesius_n be_v in_o germany_n italy_n macedonia_n and_o other_o place_n 3._o strange_a odour_n pausanus_fw-la say_v that_o in_o peloponnesus_n be_v a_o water_n that_o have_v a_o very_a fragrant_a smell_n he_o also_o say_v that_o in_o the_o town_n of_o elis_n the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n aniger_n be_v of_o such_o a_o horrid_a smell_n that_o it_o kill_v both_o man_n and_o beast_n aristotle_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o water_n not_o far_o from_o the_o river_n aridanus_n which_o be_v hot_a and_o send_v forth_o such_o a_o staunch_a the_o nothing_o can_v drink_v of_o it_o and_o kill_v all_o bird_n that_o fly_v over_o it_o caesius_n report_v of_o arethusa_n a_o river_n of_o sicilia_n that_o it_o smell_v like_o dung_n at_o certain_a season_n the_o sulphur-well_n in_o yorkshire_n smell_v like_o the_o scour_n of_o a_o gun_n that_o be_v very_a fowl_n 4_o strange_a sound_n pliny_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o fountain_n of_o zama_n in_o africa_n that_o make_v melodious_a sound_n vitruvins_n report_n that_o a_o fountain_n in_o maguesia_n have_v a_o tuneable_a sound_n 5._o strange_a weight_n and_o that_o either_o in_o relation_n to_o themselves_o as_o be_v heavy_a or_o light_n or_o to_o other_o thing_n put_v into_o they_o plutarch_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o river_n call_v pangeus_n a_o vessel_n of_o the_o water_n whereof_o weigh_v twice_o as_o heavy_a in_o winter_n as_o in_o summer_n strabo_n say_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n euleus_n be_v fifteen_o time_n light_a than_o any_o other_o water_n seneca_n write_v that_o in_o syria_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n call_v asphalites_n in_o which_o no_o heavy_a thing_n can_v sink_v caesius_n say_v that_o the_o lake_n alcigonius_n in_o lerna_n be_v of_o that_o nature_n that_o if_o any_o go_v into_o it_o to_o swim_v he_o shall_v certain_o be_v drown_v strabo_n write_v that_o among_o the_o indian_n in_o a_o mountainous_a country_n there_o be_v a_o river_n call_v silia_n on_o which_o nothing_o can_v swim_v which_o river_n say_v caussinus_n be_v a_o emblem_n of_o ambition_n because_o it_o will_v suffer_v nothing_o to_o be_v above_o it_o some_o river_n run_v over_o lake_n and_o will_v not_o mix_v with_o they_o as_o mercy_n over_o fucinus_n addua_n over_o larus_n and_o divers_a other_o there_o be_v of_o this_o nature_n some_o river_n run_v under_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o will_v not_o mix_v with_o it_o as_o lycus_n in_o asia_n erasinas_n in_fw-la argolica_fw-la atheneus_n say_v that_o in_o teno_n be_v a_o fountain_n that_o will_v not_o mix_v with_o wine_n but_o will_v fall_v always_o beneath_o it_o 6._o strange_a observation_n of_o time_n cardanus_n mention_v a_o spring_n call_v fons_fw-la sabbaticus_n that_o flow_v all_o the_o six_o day_n of_o the_o week_n but_o be_v dry_v up_o the_o sabbath_n day_n caussinus_n relate_v that_o the_o fountain_n vmbria_n flow_v only_o against_o a_o time_n of_o famine_n ovid_n write_v that_o the_o water_n of_o pheneus_n be_v unwholesome_a by_o night_n but_o wholesome_a by_o day_n solinus_n report_v that_o in_o helesinâ_fw-la regione_fw-la a_o fountain_n otherwise_o still_o and_o quiet_a do_v at_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o pipe_n rejoice_o exult_v and_o leap_v up_o ovid_n say_v that_o the_o fountain_n of_o jupiter_n hammon_n be_v cold_a by_o day_n and_o hot_a by_o night_n 7._o strange_a effect_n the_o river_n styx_n kill_v all_o they_o that_o drink_v of_o it_o as_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o historian_n strabo_n write_v that_o in_o palestina_n the_o lake_n gardarenus_n make_v the_o nail_n horn_n hair_n fall_v off_o from_o those_o beast_n that_o drink_v thereof_o pomponius_n mela_n say_v in_o insula_fw-la fortunata_fw-la be_v a_o water_n that_o make_v they_o that_o drink_v of_o it_o to_o laugh_v to_o death_n pompeius_n festus_n report_v that_o the_o fountain_n salmacis_n incline_v man_n to_o venery_n vitruvius_n relate_v that_o the_o fountain_n clitorius_n make_v they_o that_o drink_v of_o it_o to_o abhor_v wine_n ovid_n say_v that_o the_o fountain_n lyncestis_n make_v man_n drink_v pliny_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o fountain_n that_o make_v man_n mad_a pliny_n report_v that_o the_o dodonean_a fountain_n will_v quench_v light_v torch_n but_o kindle_v those_o that_o be_v extinguish_v heurnius_n say_v that_o he_o see_v among_o the_o eugeneans_n a_o certain_a fountain_n that_o will_v turn_v divers_a thing_n to_o stone_n that_o be_v cast_v into_o it_o h._n ab_fw-la here_o be_v and_o doctor_n jorden_n reckon_v up_o many_o of_o this_o nature_n whereof_o some_o will_v couvert_v thing_n into_o stone_n in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o some_o in_o a_o long_o and_o some_o only_a crust_n over_o thing_n as_o that_o drop_v well_o at_o knaresborow_n unless_o it_o sink_v into_o thing_n as_o leaf_n moss_n and_o all_o those_o it_o convert_v to_o a_o stoney_n
substance_n maginus_fw-la make_v mention_n of_o a_o lake_n in_o ireland_n in_o the_o bottone_n whereof_o if_o you_o put_v a_o staff_n it_o will_v be_v pull_v out_o some_o month_n after_o be_v turn_v into_o iron_n viz._n that_o part_n which_o stick_v in_o the_o mud_n and_o that_o part_n which_o be_v in_o the_o water_n into_o a_o whetstone_n aristotle_n mention_v a_o certain_a fountain_n in_o sicilia_n into_o which_o if_o live_a creature_n be_v before_o kill_v be_v put_v they_o will_v become_v alive_a again_o athenaeus_n say_v that_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o river_n clitoris_fw-la have_v a_o certain_a voice_n solinus_n speak_v of_o a_o fountain_n that_o be_v in_o boeotia_n which_o help_v the_o memory_n isidorus_n say_v the_o like_a of_o the_o river_n lethe_n which_o cause_v forgetfulness_n scaliger_n say_v that_o the_o river_n of_o juverna_n be_v of_o that_o nature_n that_o the_o leaf_n of_o a_o certain_a tree_n hang_v over_o fall_v into_o it_o become_v live_a fish_n pliny_n report_v that_o in_o agro_n carrinensi_fw-la in_o spain_n be_v a_o certain_a fountain_n which_o make_v all_o the_o fish_n that_o live_v in_o the_o water_n of_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o golden_a colour_n agricola_n affirm_v that_o fish_n live_v in_o the_o hot_a sulphur-water_n of_o the_o low_a pannonia_n near_o buda_n varro_n and_o solinus_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o arabia_n which_o if_o the_o sheep_n drink_v thereof_o change_v the_o colour_n of_o their_o fleece_n and_o make_v the_o white_a to_o become_v black_a pliny_n report_v that_o the_o water_n in_fw-la falisco_fw-la make_v the_o cattle_n that_o drink_v thereof_o to_o become_v white_a he_o also_o say_v that_o in_o pontus_n the_o river_n astaces_n water_v the_o field_n make_v the_o mare_n that_o feed_v therein_o to_o yield_v a_o black_a milk_n which_o feed_v the_o country_n it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o ulcester_n in_o ireland_n there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o which_o he_o that_o wash_v himself_o shall_v never_o become_v grey_a i_o can_v reckon_v up_o many_o more_o water_n of_o very_o strange_a nature_n but_o whether_o they_o or_o these_o already_o mention_v be_v all_o certain_o true_a i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o affirm_v only_o thus_o much_o i_o will_v say_v that_o some_o of_o they_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v other_o some_o i_o be_o assure_v of_o from_o those_o who_o unquestionable_a worth_n may_v just_o command_v i_o and_o other_o man_n faith_n to_o their_o indeniable_a testimony_n and_o for_o the_o rest_n we_o may_v believe_v they_o according_a to_o the_o reputation_n of_o the_o historian_n these_o here_o i_o mention_v that_o it_o may_v not_o seem_v strange_a to_o we_o how_o capable_a water_n be_v of_o receive_v diversity_n of_o qualification_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o although_o some_o of_o they_o may_v seem_v magical_a and_o supernatural_a yet_o may_v they_o upon_o a_o profound_a enquiry_n be_v make_v to_o appear_v true_o natural_a chap._n iv._o of_o the_o nature_n and_o virtue_n of_o simple_a water_n i_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o the_o better_a conceive_v of_o the_o nature_n and_o virtue_n of_o mineral_n water_n in_o particular_a to_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o nature_n and_o virtue_n of_o water_n in_o general_a or_o of_o simple_a water_n which_o be_v a_o element_n as_o say_v sendivogius_n most_o heavy_a full_a of_o unctuous_a phlegm_n and_o be_v more_o worthy_a in_o its_o kind_n than_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v without_o volatile_a but_o within_o fix_a cold_a and_o moist_a attemper_v by_o air_n it_o be_v the_o sperm_n of_o the_o world_n in_o which_o the_o seed_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v preserve_v and_o it_o be_v the_o keeper_n of_o every_o thing_n it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o ancient_n {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o thales_n as_o say_v aristotle_n call_v one_o and_o the_o same_o water_n the_o beginning_n of_o all_o thing_n empedocles_n also_o believe_v that_o of_o water_n be_v all_o thing_n make_v hippon_n also_o say_v aristotle_n call_v it_o the_o soul_n of_o thing_n as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o life_n of_o they_o which_o make_v hypocrates_n say_v that_o water_n and_o fire_n be_v the_o principle_n of_o life_n and_o especial_o water_n for_o say_v he_o many_o animal_n may_v want_v fire_n but_o none_o can_v well_o live_v without_o water_n theophrastus_n affirm_v that_o water_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o indeed_o if_o water_n be_v accurate_o anotamize_v you_o shall_v clear_o see_v that_o both_o vegetable_n mineral_n and_o animal_n be_v generate_v of_o water_n but_o of_o this_o i_o have_v treat_v more_o large_o else_o where_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o stand_v to_o repeat_v especial_o since_o my_o purpose_n here_o be_v chief_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o water_n now_o we_o must_v know_v that_o water_n be_v twofold_a for_o either_o it_o be_v simple_a or_o mineral_n which_o we_o more_o usual_o call_v medicinal_a water_n be_v call_v simple_a not_o according_a to_o its_o own_o nature_n but_o to_o our_o sense_n or_o be_v compare_v with_o that_o which_o be_v mineral_n and_o of_o this_o there_o be_v five_o kind_n viz._n rain_n fountain_n pit_n river_n and_o stand_v water_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o stand_v to_o prove_v whether_o or_o no_o water_n be_v nutritive_a or_o be_v only_o a_o vehiculum_fw-la of_o aliment_n as_o galen_n will_v have_v it_o because_o in_o another_o treatise_n i_o have_v clear_o show_v how_o vegetable_n animal_n and_o mineral_n be_v generate_v of_o and_o increase_v by_o water_n which_o have_v such_o strange_a dissimilary_n or_o heterogeneal_a part_n as_o can_v scarce_o be_v believe_v by_o those_o who_o never_o see_v the_o spagyrical_a anatomy_n thereof_o or_o curious_o examine_v the_o production_n of_o all_o natural_a thing_n i_o shall_v insist_v only_o upon_o the_o medicinal_a use_n thereof_o as_o be_v administer_v either_o to_o prevent_v or_o cure_v the_o distemper_n of_o the_o body_n simple_a water_n which_o cool_v and_o moisten_v be_v either_o take_v inward_o or_o use_v outward_o it_o be_v take_v inward_o either_o warm_a or_o cold_a the_o virtue_n of_o warm-water_n take_v inward_o be_v these_o which_o follow_v viz._n 1._o it_o do_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o warmth_n cause_n nauseouseness_n and_o it_o be_v drink_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n to_o cause_v vomit_v in_o headache_n proceed_v from_o drunkenness_n and_o in_o any_o other_o illness_n of_o stomach_n but_o with_o this_o caution_n that_o they_o that_o have_v very_o cold_a weak_a and_o laxated_a stomach_n must_v abstain_v from_o this_o kind_n of_o vomit_n because_o warm_a water_n do_v moisten_v very_o much_o and_o so_o by_o consequence_n will_v laxate_v that_o stomach_n more_o than_o it_o be_v before_o also_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v administer_v to_o those_o that_o be_v accustom_v to_o drink_v of_o water_n for_o they_o it_o will_v not_o move_v to_o vomit_v but_o remain_v in_o the_o body_n and_o weaken_v the_o vessel_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a account_n of_o its_o extreme_a moisten_v 2._o it_o allay_v sharp_a acid_a and_o gnaw_a humour_n and_o cure_v such_o symptom_n as_o proceed_v from_o thence_o as_o say_v galen_n also_o it_o repress_v the_o ebullition_n of_o choler_n and_o help_v the_o inflammation_n of_o the_o throat_n and_o mouth_n cause_v thereby_o as_o say_v aetius_n 3._o it_o cure_v the_o inflammation_n of_o the_o reins_o by_o alter_v of_o they_o if_o it_o be_v take_v before_o meal_n note_v that_o if_o warm_a water_n be_v give_v to_o cause_v vomit_v it_o must_v be_v administer_v to_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o pint_n or_o two_o or_o of_o as_o much_o as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a thereunto_o but_o if_o it_o be_v use_v for_o qualification_n it_o must_v be_v take_v to_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o cup_n only_o which_o may_v not_o cause_v nauseousness_n the_o use_n and_o virtue_n of_o cold_a water_n be_v these_o viz._n 1._o it_o conduce_v to_o long_a life_n in_o regard_n it_o condense_v the_o spirit_n say_v the_o lord_n virulam_n and_o indeed_o water_n be_v the_o usual_a drink_n of_o the_o ancient_n who_o live_v long_o 2._o it_o repel_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o coldness_n and_o be_v therefore_o effectual_a against_o divers_a distemper_n it_o force_v crudity_n out_o of_o the_o stomach_n and_o as_o say_v aetius_n promote_v the_o operation_n of_o any_o medicine_n that_o be_v take_v and_o work_v not_o beside_o it_o suppress_v the_o fume_n of_o vapour_n to_o the_o head_n as_o say_v dioscorides_n and_o mesue_v and_o be_v drink_v at_o bedtime_n cause_v quiet_a rest_n as_o say_v the_o lord_n virulam_n in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n de_fw-fr vita_fw-la et_fw-la morte_fw-la by_o suppress_v the_o ascent_n of_o vapour_n to_o the_o head_n 3._o it_o allay_v extreme_a hot_a distemper_n whether_o they_o be_v in_o any_o particular_a part_n as_o in_o the_o stomach_n liver_n etc._n etc._n or_o in_o the_o
e._n lukewarm_a or_o moderate_o hot_a or_o very_o hot_a water_n a_o bath_n that_o be_v very_o hot_a dry_v rather_o than_o moisten_v contract_v the_o skin_n condense_v the_o pore_n thereof_o so_o that_o neither_o any_o external_a humidity_n can_v be_v receive_v in_o or_o internal_a superfluity_n expel_v forth_o thereby_o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a use_n thereof_o only_o it_o serve_v for_o the_o contract_n of_o the_o skin_n where_o it_o need_v contraction_n and_o where_o the_o use_n of_o a_o cold_a bath_n may_v not_o be_v admit_v safe_o for_o that_o intention_n a_o bath_n that_o be_v moderate_o hot_a serve_v for_o divers_a use_n and_o be_v very_o necessary_a in_o several_a case_n it_o draw_v from_o remote_a internal_a part_n and_o cause_v hot_a humour_n to_o be_v digest_v into_o vapour_n and_o open_v the_o pore_n that_o the_o offensive_a humour_n and_o vapour_n may_v be_v evacuate_v by_o sweat_n and_o perspiration_n it_o moisten_v a_o dry_a body_n and_o therefore_o be_v very_o good_a in_o a_o putrid_a and_o hectic_a fever_n in_o the_o itch_n and_o scab_n etc._n etc._n attract_v nourishment_n to_o the_o extreme_a part_n where_o before_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o defect_n it_o come_v not_o allay_v the_o sharpness_n of_o humour_n in_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n and_o upon_o all_o these_o account_n serve_v as_o effectual_o if_o not_o more_o for_o most_o intention_n that_o almost_o any_o physic_n be_v prescribe_v for_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v to_o these_o the_o great_a virtue_n that_o columella_n attribute_n to_o bath_n of_o hot_a water_n for_o say_v he_o we_o do_v concoct_v our_o crudity_n by_o the_o use_n of_o bath_n and_o for_o this_o end_n they_o be_v much_o use_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_n who_o use_v a_o crude_a kind_n of_o diet_n as_o of_o herb_n and_o raw_a fruit_n which_o breed_v crude_a humour_n in_o their_o body_n and_o therefore_o need_v some_o such_o help_n to_o concoct_v they_o and_o by_o this_o mean_n they_o become_v very_o healthful_a and_o of_o delicate_a body_n but_o they_o must_v be_v use_v for_o the_o concoct_n of_o crudity_n with_o this_o caution_n viz._n that_o there_o be_v no_o fever_n present_a for_o then_o instead_o of_o concoct_v of_o they_o they_o will_v become_v by_o be_v stir_v more_o putrid_a and_o by_o be_v attract_v to_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n as_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v by_o the_o use_n of_o hot_a bath_n obstruct_v the_o pore_n thereof_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o fever_n and_o in_o case_n of_o a_o fever_n hot_a bath_n must_v be_v use_v in_o the_o decline_n thereof_o as_o when_o concoction_n appear_v and_o after_o purge_v of_o the_o gross_a humour_n abound_v in_o the_o first_o vessel_n but_o in_o other_o case_n hypocrates_n commend_v bathe_v as_o a_o preparative_n to_o purgation_n a_o tepid_a bath_n cool_v as_o well_o as_o heat_n and_o heat_n as_o well_o as_o cool_v and_o serve_v for_o the_o same_o use_n as_o a_o hot_a bath_n do_v but_o more_o remissly_o note_v that_o if_o the_o patient_a that_o be_v bathe_v be_v subject_a to_o faint_v he_o must_v hold_v cold_a water_n constant_o in_o his_o mouth_n and_o drink_v ever_o and_o anon_o a_o draught_n of_o cold_a beer_n or_o water_n i_o may_v here_o prescribe_v many_o rule_n and_o direction_n for_o bathe_v or_o for_o the_o order_n of_o one_o self_n before_o in_o and_o after_o bathe_v but_o it_o be_v not_o my_o purpose_n to_o make_v a_o full_a and_o large_a discourse_n of_o this_o subject_a only_o to_o touch_v it_o by_o the_o way_n refer_v those_o that_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o bathe_v to_o their_o skilful_a physician_n for_o their_o direction_n to_o this_o kind_n of_o bathe_v viz._n with_o hot_a water_n i_o may_v add_v the_o manner_n of_o bathe_v by_o vapour_n which_o be_v when_o a_o vessel_n of_o seethe_a water_n close_o cover_v have_v proceed_v from_o it_o a_o long_a pipe_n which_o be_v fasten_v into_o a_o bathe_a tub_n into_o which_o the_o hot_a vapour_n come_v upon_o the_o patient_a there_o sit_v but_o of_o this_o i_o have_v treat_v more_o large_o in_o another_o discourse_n and_o will_v not_o now_o repeat_v the_o second_o way_n of_o use_v water_n outward_o be_v call_v insession_n or_o sit_v in_o water_n up_o to_o the_o navel_n and_o this_o be_v use_v when_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o body_n can_v bear_v a_o bathe_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o particular_o it_o be_v make_v use_n of_o if_o warm_a for_o laxate_v and_o mollify_a the_o hardness_n of_o the_o belly_n for_o provoke_v of_o urine_n the_o mitigate_n of_o the_o pain_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o colic_n etc._o etc._o and_o if_o cold_a for_o the_o perform_n of_o the_o same_o intention_n for_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o body_n as_o a_o cold_a balnenm_fw-la do_v for_o the_o whole_a the_o four_o last_o way_n of_o use_v water_n outward_o as_o aspersion_n i_o e._n sprinkle_v or_o affusion_n stillicidum_fw-la i._n e._n drop_v or_o distil_v foment_v and_o lotion_n respect_n part_n with_o the_o like_a operation_n upon_o they_o although_o with_o some_o kind_n of_o variety_n of_o application_n as_o bath_n do_v the_o whole_a body_n they_o that_o will_v understand_v more_o these_o external_a use_n of_o cold_a and_o hot_a water_n let_v they_o read_v claudinus_n his_o treatise_n de_fw-la ingressu_fw-la ad_fw-la infirmos_fw-la and_o galen_n de_fw-fr tuenda_fw-la sanitate_fw-la note_v that_o that_o water_n be_v best_a for_o outward_a use_n which_o will_v bear_v soap_n best_o and_o make_v the_o great_a some_o therewith_o and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o virtue_n and_o inward_a and_o outward_a use_n of_o simple_a water_n whether_o hot_a or_o cold_a and_o that_o in_o brief_a for_o i_o will_v not_o dwell_v upon_o this_o subject_a as_o not_o be_v the_o chief_a that_o i_o propound_v to_o myself_o to_o discourse_n of_o in_o this_o treatise_n take_v it_o in_o only_a by_o the_o way_n and_o for_o order_n sake_n and_o the_o better_a illustrate_v of_o that_o which_o follow_v and_o be_v principal_o to_o be_v here_o treat_v of_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o mixture_n in_o mineral_n water_n it_o be_v grant_v by_o all_o that_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o mixture_n in_o all_o mineral_n water_n and_o indeed_o there_o be_v four_o kind_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v usual_o mix_v with_o these_o kind_n of_o water_n viz._n metal_n mineral_n stone_n and_o earth_n and_o of_o some_o of_o these_o 1._o sometime_o the_o vapour_n only_o be_v mix_v viz._n such_o as_o arise_v from_o the_o fermentation_n and_o dissolution_n of_o metal_n and_o mineral_n and_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o water_n that_o pass_v by_o they_o through_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o concerning_o this_o say_v aristotle_n that_o the_o vapour_n of_o mineral_n keep_v the_o taste_n and_o odour_n of_o the_o mineral_n from_o whence_o they_o proceed_v but_o of_o this_o more_o full_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o spa_n 2._o sometime_o the_o juice_n only_o of_o they_o viz._n while_o they_o be_v in_o principiis_fw-la solutis_fw-la and_o indeed_o gold_n can_v be_v mix_v with_o water_n no_o otherwise_o because_o it_o can_v be_v corrode_v with_o the_o acid_a spirit_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o other_o metal_n can_v have_v in_o itself_o when_o concoct_v and_o perfect_v none_o of_o that_o esurine_a acid_a salt_n which_o a_o subterraneal_a acidity_n will_v resolve_v and_o set_v at_o liberty_n to_o corrode_v the_o metal_n with_o which_o it_o be_v per_fw-la minima_fw-la together_o with_o the_o embrionated_a sulphur_n of_o the_o same_o conjoin_v 3._o sometime_o the_o substance_n and_o that_o after_o a_o threefold_a manner_n for_o some_o be_v mix_v with_o water_n so_o very_o close_o together_o that_o from_o the_o mixture_n of_o they_o there_o result_v but_o one_o form_n neither_o will_v they_o ever_o or_o scarce_o be_v separate_v and_o such_o be_v those_o that_o will_v not_o vapour_n away_o fast_o than_o the_o water_n itself_o be_v evaporate_v neither_o remain_v in_o the_o bottom_n but_o be_v all_o evaporate_v with_o the_o water_n some_o be_v mix_v confuse_o such_o as_o subside_v or_o fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n if_o the_o water_n be_v put_v into_o any_o vessel_n that_o it_o may_v stand_v still_o and_o last_o some_o be_v mix_v in_o a_o way_n betwixt_o both_o as_o salt_n for_o salt_n and_o the_o water_n continue_v to_o be_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o form_n but_o yet_o the_o salt_n will_v subside_v and_o remain_v in_o the_o bottom_n after_o evaporation_n of_o the_o water_n now_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o variety_n of_o mixtion_n be_v either_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o heat_n that_o shall_v unite_v or_o of_o their_o abode_n together_o or_o else_o of_o the_o aptness_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v mix_v for_o mixtion_n this_o be_v premise_v i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o relate_v where_o these_o
spring_n and_o water_n be_v find_v which_o be_v impregnate_v with_o the_o aforesaid_a four_o kind_n of_o ingredient_n 1._o of_o metal_n gold_n be_v say_v to_o be_v find_v mix_v with_o balneis_fw-la ficuncellensibus_fw-la fabariis_fw-la piperinis_n etc._n etc._n silver_n in_o a_o certain_a spring_n in_o hungary_n and_o in_o the_o bath_n at_o bol._n etc._n etc._n copper_n in_o the_o bath_n of_o saint_n mary_n in_o flaminia_n in_fw-la thermis_fw-la cellensibus_fw-la in_o suevia_n and_o in_o many_o place_n in_o germany_n etc._n etc._n iron_n in_o spring_n in_o agro_n lucensi_fw-la in_o asatia_n in_o agro_n calderiano_n and_o divers_a in_o england_n lead_v in_o lorraine_n whence_o a_o certain_a bath_n there_o be_v call_v balneum_fw-la plumbaceum_fw-la quicksilver_n in_o serra_n mordena_n in_o spain_n near_o the_o village_n almediea_n in_o a_o cave_n where_o they_o say_v be_v many_o well_n infect_v therewith_o 2._o of_o mineral_n sulphur_n be_v say_v to_o be_v find_v in_o thermis_fw-la puteolanis_fw-la aponitanis_n and_o badensibus_fw-la in_o helvetia_n and_o those_o at_o knaresborow_n antimony_n in_o germany_n and_o in_o a_o certain_a spring_n at_o meldula_n as_o also_o in_o divers_a other_o purge_a water_n arsenic_n and_o auripgimentum_fw-la in_o the_o lake_n avernus_n bitumen_n in_o the_o well_n at_o baia_n mutina_n and_o those_o at_o knaresborow_n call_v the_o sulphur-well_n salt_n in_o balneis_fw-la agri_fw-la pistoriensis_n and_o volaterrani_fw-la and_o in_o the_o sulphur-well_n at_o knaresborow_n nitre_n in_o agro_n puteolano_n of_o campania_n in_o egypt_n and_o divers_a other_o place_n where_o the_o water_n be_v very_o nitrous_a alum_n in_o balneis_fw-la agri_n senensis_fw-la and_o lucensis_n and_o in_o some_o spring_n in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n vitriol_n in_o agro_fw-la volaterrano_n and_o those_o spaw-well_n in_o germany_n and_o these_o in_o england_n 3._o of_o stone_n plaster_n in_o a_o spring_n of_o the_o mountain_n grotus_n in_o agro_fw-la pataviano_fw-it lime-stone_n in_o spring_n of_o chalky_a country_n where_o the_o water_n sometime_o run_v forth_o white_a marble_n in_o a_o bath_n in_fw-la agro_fw-la agnano_fw-it 4._o of_o earth_n potter_n clay_n in_o a_o bath_n of_o the_o mountain_n orthonus_n rubric_n or_o a_o certain_a red_a earth_n for_o so_o sometime_o it_o signify_v in_o aquis_fw-la calderianiâ—_fw-la marle_n in_o oaxes_n a_o river_n of_o scythia_n etc._n etc._n but_o of_o all_o these_o by_o the_o way_n only_o and_o for_o method_n sake_n and_o also_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o what_o be_v behind_o and_o indeed_o be_v the_o chief_a subject_n of_o this_o present_a treatise_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o original_a of_o vitriol_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o vitrioline_n water_n or_o spa_n difference_n of_o they_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o different_a operation_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o shall_v give_v a_o description_n of_o vitriol_n in_o which_o shall_v be_v declare_v the_o cause_n thereof_o and_o explain_v the_o term_n thereof_o difficult_a and_o not_o obvious_a to_o every_o one_o apprehension_n as_o be_v not_o usual_a in_o common_a natural_a philosophy_n 〈◊〉_d vitriol_n therefore_o be_v but_o a_o esurine_a acid_a salt_n of_o the_o embrionated_a sulphur_n of_o copper_n or_o iron_n which_o attract_v a_o acidity_n from_o air_n or_o water_n be_v thereby_o open_v and_o resolve_v and_o then_o corrode_v the_o part_n of_o the_o say_a metal_n with_o which_o it_o be_v connate_a the_o body_n of_o which_o compound_n consist_v of_o pure_a metal_n and_o superfluos_fw-la sulphur_n and_o salt_n be_v thus_o open_v be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n pass_v through_o the_o vein_n thereof_o and_o this_o water_n thus_o impregnate_v be_v boil_v to_o a_o vitriol_n the_o difficult_a term_n hereof_o i_o thus_o explain_v 1._o by_o embrionated_a sulphur_n i_o understand_v a_o superfluous_a sulphur_n which_o be_v not_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o metal_n but_o connate_a only_o with_o they_o for_o the_o embrional_a conservation_n of_o they_o and_o after_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v cast_v off_o in_o part_n by_o nature_n and_o more_o full_o by_o the_o refiner_n fire_n paracelsus_n explain_v it_o by_o a_o familiar_a example_n of_o a_o nut._n a_o nut_n say_v he_o per_fw-la se_fw-la be_v only_o the_o kernel_n which_o be_v not_o generate_v by_o itself_o but_o together_o with_o the_o shell_n and_o shale_n which_o be_v superfluous_a and_o serve_v only_o for_o the_o embrional_a conservation_n of_o the_o nut_n that_o be_v of_o it_o while_o it_o be_v in_o a_o embryo_n or_o imperfect_a and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n note_n that_o as_o every_o mineral_n metal_n and_o vegetable_a have_v its_o distinct_a sulphur_n embrionatum_fw-la so_o every_o sulphur_n embrionatum_fw-la be_v distinct_a from_o the_o true_a genuine_a thing_n generate_v with_o which_o it_o be_v connate_a as_o much_o as_o a_o form_n essence_n substance_n and_o corporality_n differ_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o be_v but_o a_o impurity_n of_o its_o embryo_n and_o as_o it_o be_v as_o helmont_n call_v it_o the_o secundine_a thereof_o 2._o by_o esurine_a salt_n i_o understand_v in_o this_o place_n not_o the_o acid_a spirit_n of_o air_n water_n and_o subterraneal_a sulphurous_a vapour_n not_o yet_o coagulate_v or_o specificate_v which_o also_o be_v sometime_o call_v a_o acid_a or_o esurine_a salt_n but_o a_o certain_a acid_a vapour_n applicable_a to_o all_o metal_n and_o mineral_n and_o connate_a with_o they_o in_o their_o principiis_fw-la solutis_fw-la and_o embrioes_n and_o especial_o to_o those_o that_o abound_v with_o sulphur_n as_o iron_n and_o copper_n and_o with_o they_o congeal_a into_o a_o saline_a principle_n give_v consistency_n to_o the_o compositum_fw-la as_o sulphur_n do_v coagulation_n and_o be_v by_o hell-mont_n for_o want_v of_o another_o name_n call_v the_o esurine_a salt_n of_o a_o embrionated_a sulphur_n but_o any_o one_o may_v call_v it_o what_o he_o please_v if_o so_o be_v he_o understand_v it_o and_o be_v resolve_v and_o unloose_v by_o a_o acid_a spirit_n contain_v in_o air_n and_o water_n which_o spirit_n be_v indeed_o the_o seed_n of_o salt_n for_o in_o they_o viz_o in_o air_n and_o water_n be_v the_o seed_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o former_a as_o be_v therein_o imagine_v as_o say_v sendivogius_n as_o in_o the_o male_a and_o in_o the_o latter_a as_o be_v afterward_o by_o a_o circulative_a motion_n cast_v forth_o into_o the_o same_o as_o into_o their_o sperm_n for_o he_o make_v a_o subtle_a distinction_n betwixt_o seed_n and_o sperm_n wherein_o they_o be_v conserve_v take_v not_o upon_o they_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o specifical_a salt_n until_o they_o meet_v with_o some_o corporeal_a principle_n that_o be_v consentaneous_a to_o they_o and_o be_v when_o it_o meet_v with_o any_o saline_a corporeal_a principle_n in_o its_o resolve_n of_o it_o coagulate_v together_o with_o the_o same_o into_o a_o distinct_a species_n of_o salt_n viz._n into_o this_o or_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o compositum_fw-la where_o this_o solution_n and_o coagulation_n be_v make_v i_o shall_v for_o the_o better_a illustration_n of_o this_o nativity_n of_o salt_n brief_o show_v how_o two_o of_o the_o four_o say_a salt_n viz._n nitre_n and_o vitriol_n be_v make_v artificial_o because_o this_o artificial_a process_n be_v perform_v in_o imitation_n of_o the_o natural_a production_n of_o they_o 1._o the_o process_n therefore_o of_o make_v nitre_n artificial_o be_v this_o viz._n sprinkle_v distil_v vinegar_n upon_o fat_a earth_n as_o fuller_n earth_n bowl_n marvel_n etc._n etc._n beat_v small_a and_o let_v it_o stand_v for_o a_o few_o day_n in_o a_o cold_a place_n and_o you_o will_v see_v pure_a nitre_n produce_v from_o thence_o or_o take_v any_o one_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a earth_n and_o beat_v it_o small_a and_o set_v it_o in_o a_o cold_a moist_a place_n for_o some_o week_n and_o you_o will_v see_v the_o same_o effect_n now_o this_o latter_a way_n seem_v as_o much_o natural_a as_o artificial_a and_o indeed_o it_o be_v just_a in_o imitation_n of_o nature_n for_o we_o see_v that_o any_o fat_a earth_n if_o it_o be_v cover_v from_o rain_n and_o the_o sun_n so_o as_o it_o spend_v not_o its_o strength_n in_o produce_v of_o herb_n and_o plant_n breed_v plenty_n of_o nitre_n now_o note_v that_o in_o these_o kind_n of_o fat_a earth_n there_o be_v at_o first_o observe_v no_o nitrous_a taste_n neither_o can_v there_o from_o thence_o be_v extract_v any_o nitre_n but_o after_o they_o have_v continue_v a_o certain_a time_n in_o the_o cold_a air_n do_v by_o a_o certain_a magnetic_a power_n of_o a_o nitrous_a principle_n or_o saline_a unctuosity_n which_o be_v in_o they_o attract_v a_o acidity_n or_o rather_o acid_a spirit_n which_o open_v the_o body_n of_o those_o fat_a earth_n and_o resolve_v the_o say_a saline_a unctuosity_n and_o be_v therewith_o coagulate_a for_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o one_o be_v the_o coagulation_n of_o
become_v to_o be_v unbodied_a for_o before_o they_o be_v incorporate_v with_o the_o water_n and_o by_o consequence_n wonderful_a spiritual_a penetrate_v even_o the_o glass_n itself_o or_o the_o lute_n and_o i_o believe_v that_o neither_o glass_n or_o lute_n can_v hold_v they_o 2._o i_o take_v two_o viol_n glass_n and_o put_v into_o they_o a_o just_a equal_a quantity_n of_o the_o spa_n water_n i_o put_v one_o of_o they_o into_o a_o skillet_n of_o warm_a water_n and_o just_o take_v the_o cold_a off_o from_o it_o than_o i_o put_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o the_o powder_n of_o gall_n into_o each_o of_o those_o two_o viol_n and_o that_o water_n which_o be_v cold_a receive_v no_o deep_a tincture_n than_o the_o other_o as_o i_o can_v perceive_v 3._o i_o fill_v two_o viol_n glass_n with_o this_o water_n and_o stop_v one_o of_o they_o very_o close_o with_o wax_n and_o the_o other_o i_o stop_v not_o at_o all_o and_o at_o two_o day_n end_n they_o yield_v a_o tincture_n with_o the_o powder_n of_o gall_n little_o less_o than_o that_o which_o be_v new_o take_v out_o of_o the_o well_o but_o that_o less_o which_o be_v leave_v unstop_v how_o much_o it_o will_v lose_v this_o tincture_n by_o carry_v far_o i_o do_v not_o know_v it_o be_v worth_a while_n to_o try_v and_o thereby_o to_o be_v the_o better_o assure_v how_o much_o of_o its_o strength_n be_v waste_v for_o according_a to_o the_o spend_n of_o its_o spirit_n the_o tincture_n fade_v 4._o a_o glass_n of_o this_o water_n stand_v seven_o day_n close_o stop_v with_o wax_n and_o than_o yield_v a_o tincture_n with_o gall_n like_v to_o small_a beer_n 5._o this_o water_n do_v not_o coagulate_v milk_n as_o do_v the_o german_a spaw_n and_o another_o vitrioline_n spring_n in_o the_o same_o moor_n which_o yield_v a_o vitriol_n of_o iron_n upon_o evaporation_n as_o i_o say_v before_o now_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v not_o because_o it_o be_v not_o acide_fw-la enough_o for_o it_o be_v far_o more_o acid_a than_o the_o water_n of_o the_o drop_v well_o which_o coagulate_v milk_n if_o it_o be_v boil_v with_o it_o but_o because_o the_o acidity_n thereof_o be_v not_o permanent_a or_o fix_v enough_o but_o so_o volatile_a as_o to_o evaporate_v before_o the_o milk_n boil_v 6._o this_o water_n kill_v worm_n and_o frog_n if_o they_o be_v put_v therein_o and_o such_o kind_n of_o creature_n as_o these_o 7._o it_o be_v evaporate_v leave_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o vitriol_n behind_o but_o only_o a_o insipid_a powder_n of_o a_o darkish_a colour_n like_v unto_o which_o powder_n will_v that_o bluish_a cream_n or_o skin_n which_o swim_v upon_o the_o say_a water_n after_o long_o stand_v be_v when_o it_o be_v dry_v now_o note_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a skin_n swim_v upon_o all_o such_o mineral_n water_n and_o as_o say_v h_o ab_fw-la here_o be_v be_v put_v upon_o the_o fire_n be_v inflame_v and_o yield_v a_o sulphureous_a odour_n it_o be_v also_o call_v by_o hadrianus_n mynsicht_n anima_fw-la vitrioli_fw-la 8._o i_o weigh_v this_o water_n i_o think_v exact_o to_o a_o grain_n and_o it_o weigh_v neither_o heavy_a nor_o light_a than_o simple_a spring_n water_n 9_o it_o be_v observe_v general_o and_o i_o take_v especial_a notice_n of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v almost_o a_o infallible_a sign_n of_o a_o ensue_a rain_n when_o glass_n fill_v with_o this_o water_n continue_v not_o clear_a but_o be_v cover_v all_o over_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o mist_n contrary_a to_o what_o be_v observe_v in_o glass_n full_a of_o simple_a common_a water_n now_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o i_o conceive_v be_v from_o the_o mineral_n subtle_a spirit_n give_v as_o nitre_n do_v activity_n to_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n whereby_o the_o glass_n themselves_o become_v more_o cold_a and_o so_o cold_a as_o eminent_o and_o apparent_o to_o condense_v the_o humid_a vapour_n of_o the_o air_n with_o which_o it_o abound_v before_o the_o rain_n to_o these_o experiment_n and_o observation_n i_o shall_v add_v this_o observation_n also_o viz._n that_o this_o spa_n water_n be_v strong_a viz._n with_o the_o mineral_n spirit_n in_o winter_n frost_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o more_o bind_v up_o and_o the_o say_a spirit_n be_v thereby_o keep_v from_o perspiration_n and_o weak_a in_o rainy_a wet_a weather_n by_o reason_n the_o water_n sink_v into_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o spring_n viz._n those_o that_o lie_v near_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o can_v sink_v above_o ten_o foot_n deep_a though_o the_o rain_n be_v never_o so_o much_o also_o this_o water_n be_v in_o summertime_n strong_a in_o the_o morning_n than_o at_o noon_n because_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o night_n do_v somewhat_o bind_v the_o earth_n and_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n open_v the_o same_o thereby_o make_v it_o the_o more_o easy_a for_o the_o mineral_n spirit_n to_o evaporat_a out_o thereby_o to_o prevent_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o rain_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o there_o be_v a_o very_a deep_a trench_n yet_o not_o so_o deep_a as_o to_o cut_v a_o sunder_o any_o of_o the_o vein_n through_o which_o the_o water_n pass_v if_o any_o shall_v lie_v within_o six_o eight_o or_o ten_o foot_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v possible_a some_o may_v make_v round_o the_o well_o and_o bridge_n make_v over_o some_o place_n of_o the_o same_o for_o as_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o rain_n will_v be_v carry_v away_o so_o also_o the_o water_n in_o the_o boggy_a ground_n adjoin_v to_o it_o which_o may_v perhaps_o sink_v into_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o corrupt_v the_o same_o will_v be_v drain_v away_o and_o the_o well_o by_o this_o mean_n much_o improve_v for_o the_o ground_n about_o it_o be_v spongious_a and_o drink_v in_o water_n apace_o the_o uppermost_a part_n thereof_o to_o the_o depth_n of_o a_o foot_n consist_v of_o that_o hollow_a earth_n of_o which_o be_v make_v pete_fw-it and_o turf_n and_o that_o beneath_o it_o be_v sandy_a and_o also_o hollow_a chap._n viii_o of_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o spaw-well_n to_o who_o and_o in_o what_o case_n profitable_a or_o hurtful_a i_o shall_v not_o stand_v here_o to_o reckon_v up_o all_o and_o the_o several_a virtue_n of_o vitriol_n as_o not_o proper_o conduce_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n because_o the_o variety_n of_o its_o operation_n depend_v upon_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o form_n in_o which_o it_o be_v administer_v or_o use_v for_o the_o salt_n thereof_o have_v one_o operation_n the_o colcothar_n another_o the_o corrosive_a spirit_n another_o and_o that_o subtle_a acide_fw-la penetrate_v spirit_n which_o theophrastus_n call_v his_o great_a secret_n or_o arcanum_fw-la against_o the_o epilepsy_n and_o other_o such_o symptom_n because_o of_o its_o wonderful_a penetrativenes_n leave_v no_o part_n or_o place_n of_o the_o body_n unsearched_a another_o and_o with_o this_o have_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o spa_n water_n great_a affinity_n and_o be_v therefore_o so_o much_o the_o more_o excellent_a as_o be_v so_o much_o the_o near_o to_o it_o primum_fw-la ens_fw-la as_o helmont_n call_v it_o now_o note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o although_o this_o spirit_n can_v be_v by_o itself_o extract_v out_o of_o this_o water_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v extract_v out_o of_o vitriol_n yet_o by_o a_o very_a expert_a artist_n this_o water_n according_a to_o its_o first_o quality_n cool_v and_o moisten_v actual_o heat_n and_o dry_v potential_o and_o by_o these_o four_o quality_n the_o distemper_n of_o the_o body_n consist_v in_o the_o excess_n either_o of_o heat_n cold_a dryness_n or_o moisture_n be_v temper_v every_o quality_n alter_v its_o contrary_a and_o reduce_v it_o into_o its_o natural_a temper_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v worth_a take_v notice_n of_o that_o in_o such_o case_n a_o distemper_n will_v rather_o be_v alter_v by_o its_o contrary_n than_o increase_v by_o its_o like_o as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o distemper_n consist_v in_o heat_n the_o heat_n will_v be_v allay_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n and_o not_o be_v make_v more_o intense_a by_o the_o heat_n thereof_o although_o the_o heat_n continue_v long_o than_o the_o coldness_n for_o the_o water_n be_v quick_o warm_v in_o the_o stomach_n and_o then_o the_o potential_a heat_n be_v reduce_v into_o act_n and_o continue_v and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o mean_v if_o the_o water_n be_v take_v regular_o and_o cautious_o or_o otherwise_o such_o happy_a success_n may_v not_o be_v expect_v now_o according_a to_o other_o quality_n viz._n second_o and_o three_o it_o cut_v dissolve_v attenuate_v absterge_v viscous_a tartarous_a humour_n in_o the_o stomach_n mesentery_n hypochondry_n reins_o bladder_n etc._o etc._o and_o evacuate_v they_o by_o urine_n as_o be_v indeed_o very_o diuretical_a and_o by_o consequence_n open_v the_o
the_o evening_n the_o stomach_n be_v less_o laxate_v and_o languid_a than_o at_o noon_n and_o can_v therefore_o concoct_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o meat_n yet_o the_o supper_n must_v not_o be_v very_o large_a neither_o great_a than_o what_o the_o stomach_n can_v be_v well_o able_a perfect_o to_o concoct_v before_o the_o next_o morning_n let_v it_o be_v ready_a at_o six_o at_o least_o if_o not_o seven_o hour_n after_o dinner_n i_o advise_v that_o all_o whether_o it_o be_v at_o dinner_n or_o supper_n that_o they_o lerve_v with_o a_o appetite_n and_o eat_v not_o half_o so_o much_o as_o the_o spa_n drinker_n usual_o do_v indulge_v their_o palate_n and_o gratify_v their_o stomach_n according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o appetite_n which_o many_o time_n be_v rather_o adventious_a or_o preternatural_a then_o natural_a i_o utter_o disapprove_v of_o mix_v of_o the_o spa_n water_n with_o either_o wine_n or_o beer_n but_o yet_o i_o allow_v of_o the_o drink_n of_o a_o glass_n of_o itself_o at_o bed_n time_n for_o the_o corroborate_n and_o close_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o suppress_v of_o vapour_n which_o will_v otherwise_o disturb_v the_o brain_n from_o quiet_a sleep_n chap._n xiv_o of_o the_o sulphur-well_n this_o be_v call_v the_o sulphur-well_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o sulphurous_a odour_n although_o beside_o this_o it_o have_v two_o other_o quality_n viz._n saltness_n and_o bitterness_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n endeavour_v to_o prove_v whence_o it_o contract_v its_o saltness_n and_o thereby_o i_o shall_v the_o better_o make_v to_o appear_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o staunch_a and_o bitterness_n now_o because_o the_o salt_n which_o this_o water_n yield_v upon_o evaporation_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o and_o can_v be_v distinguish_v either_o in_o odour_n or_o taste_v the_o staunch_a be_v lose_v in_o the_o evaporation_n from_o common_a black_a sea-salt_n i_o shall_v first_o declare_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o of_o this_o water_n and_o first_o i_o shall_v show_v what_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o thereby_o confute_v the_o opinion_n of_o many_o ancient_a philosopher_n and_o their_o follower_n 1._o the_o saleness_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o sun_n exhale_v the_o sweet_a part_n out_o of_o it_o as_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n for_o this_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o saltness_n in_o the_o sea_n before_o but_o be_v not_o but_o upon_o this_o account_n manifest_v but_o this_o can_v not_o be_v for_o then_o why_o be_v not_o other_o water_n as_o river_n pond_n lake_n etc._n etc._n make_v saltish_a also_o by_o the_o sun_n exhale_v their_o sweet_a vapour_n 2._o the_o sun_n do_v not_o boil_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o vehemency_n of_o its_o heat_n that_o saline_a taste_n according_a to_o pliny_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a opinion_n for_o then_o why_o do_v not_o the_o sun_n work_v the_o same_o effect_n upon_o a_o pond_n or_o vessel_n of_o water_n on_o which_o it_o may_v work_v more_o vigorous_o by_o heat_a more_o vehement_o viz._n because_o it_o be_v less_o resist_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o they_o than_o on_o the_o ocean_n 3._o this_o saltness_n be_v not_o cause_v as_o scaliger_n will_v have_v it_o by_o rain_n mix_v with_o hot_a dry_a and_o terrene_a exhalation_n for_o the_o rain_n itself_o will_v also_o then_o be_v saltish_a which_o indeed_o be_v most_o sweet_a and_o if_o it_o be_v saltish_a then_o why_o be_v not_o pit_n river_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v many_o time_n fill_v with_o rain-water_n saltish_a also_o now_o the_o weakness_n of_o these_o opinion_n viz._n the_o chief_a that_o have_v usual_o be_v embrace_v be_v detect_v i_o shall_v show_v from_o whence_o very_o probable_o this_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v proceed_v we_o must_v therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n consider_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o simple_o saltish_a but_o saltish_a and_o bitter_a together_o that_o be_v it_o have_v a_o taste_n make_v up_o of_o bitterness_n and_o saltness_n for_o which_o cause_n as_o say_v our_o learned_a countryman_n mr._n lydyat_n in_o his_o disquisitio_fw-la physiologica_fw-la de_fw-la origine_fw-la fontiam_fw-la chap._n 9_o de_fw-la salsedine_fw-la maris_fw-la the_o latin_n give_v these_o two_o name_n to_o it_o viz._n mare_n quasi_fw-la amarum_fw-la and_o salum_n quasi_fw-la salsum_fw-la and_o this_o aristotle_n himself_o consent_v to_o give_v the_o reason_n of_o those_o two_o taste_n in_o general_a and_o of_o they_o in_o the_o sea_n in_o particular_a where_o he_o say_v that_o all_o kind_n of_o taste_n arise_v from_o a_o kind_n of_o terreness_n more_o or_o less_o adust_a but_o bitterness_n from_o a_o terreness_n very_o much_o elaborate_v by_o a_o fiery_a heat_n in_o the_o burn_a bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o saltness_n where_o that_o heat_n be_v somewhat_o remit_v if_o so_o then_o let_v we_o consider_v whether_o there_o be_v not_o abundance_n of_o terrene_a adustness_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o gulf_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o a_o bituminous_a fire_n be_v always_o burn_a be_v feed_v by_o water_n as_o i_o declare_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o 2._o chap._n viz._n of_o the_o original_n of_o spring_n in_o general_a and_o that_o whether_o we_o may_v not_o probable_o conclude_v and_o especial_o because_o bitumen_n be_v bitter_a and_o very_o full_a of_o salt_n that_o the_o burn_n of_o the_o bitumen_n together_o with_o the_o terreness_n therewith_o mix_v in_o the_o gulf_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o saltness_n thereof_o moreover_o that_o bitumen_n have_v a_o great_a power_n to_o communicate_v to_o and_o beget_v a_o bitter_a and_o saltish_a taste_n in_o water_n be_v confirm_v by_o that_o which_o geographer_n write_v concerning_o the_o lake_n of_o palestina_n which_o be_v call_v in_o greek_a {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o i_o e._n bituminous_a for_o say_v they_o the_o lake_n be_v so_o bitter_a and_o saltish_a that_o no_o fish_n can_v live_v therein_o and_o it_o be_v call_v in_o sacred_a write_v the_o salt_n fea_z {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o and_o historian_n say_v of_o it_o that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v cast_v into_o it_o bind_v hand_n and_o foot_n he_o can_v be_v drown_v and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v the_o saltness_n thereof_o for_o we_o see_v that_o water_n bear_v the_o great_a burden_n by_o how_o much_o the_o salter_n they_o be_v witness_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o sea_n and_o fresh_a river_n and_o our_o boil_n of_o brine_n till_o a_o egg_n swim_v thereon_o and_o will_v not_o sink_v this_o be_v premise_v it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o conclude_v from_o whence_o the_o saltness_n and_o bitterness_n of_o the_o sulphur-well_n proceed_v and_o as_o for_o the_o stink_a odour_n thereof_o that_o i_o suppose_v be_v cause_v from_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o burn_a bitumen_n and_o adust_a terreness_n mix_v therewith_o which_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o the_o very_a head_n of_o the_o well_o ob._n if_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o the_o saltness_n of_o this_o spring_n as_o there_o be_v of_o the_o sea_n then_o why_o be_v there_o not_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o the_o sulphurous_a odour_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o this_o and_o why_o do_v not_o the_o sea_n receive_v and_o retain_v the_o same_o odour_n as_o this_o do_v sol._n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o the_o same_o odour_n may_v be_v communicate_v to_o the_o sea_n as_o to_o this_o water_n together_o with_o the_o saltness_n thereof_o but_o because_o the_o saltness_n thereof_o be_v communicate_v to_o it_o by_o degree_n viz._n from_o some_o certain_a gulf_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o also_o this_o odour_n for_o it_o can_v be_v rational_o conceive_v that_o the_o whole_a sea_n receive_v all_o its_o salt_n into_o itself_o at_o one_o time_n after_o a_o natural_a way_n and_o therefore_o be_v such_o a_o great_a body_n must_v become_v saltish_a by_o little_a and_o little_a even_o insensible_o and_o according_o the_o sulphurous_a odour_n also_o be_v impart_v to_o it_o insensible_o and_o although_o the_o saltness_n may_v continue_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o salt_n itself_o be_v of_o a_o fix_a substance_n yet_o the_o odour_n be_v of_o a_o subtle_a volatile_a nature_n be_v exhale_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o lose_v but_o now_o the_o case_n be_v far_o otherwise_o in_o the_o water_n of_o this_o sulphur-well_n for_o this_o be_v at_o once_o full_o impregnate_v with_o the_o say_a saltness_n and_o sulphurous_a odour_n and_o immediate_o pass_v away_o through_o narrow_a channelsâ—_n and_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n without_o any_o vanish_n of_o the_o odour_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o otherwise_o which_o it_o contract_v from_o the_o