not the trewe distaunce of them Philon. I cōfesse no lesse for if you haue not th' Angles of sighte from ij places you can not gather the distaunce of the thirde Therfore when as you haue placed in the Paper all the Townes Uillages or notable hils that you can se in that Horizont you shall take your instrument and Paper trauelinge vnto some other town where in like manner you shall go vp into the hiest place of the same and there placinge your instrumente as before obserue th' Angles of sight of such Townes Villagies as are in that Horizont Whiche ended you shall describe in the Paper an other circle as before as farre distaunte frō th' other as you thinke conueniente marking diligentlye that the Center of the second Circle be in the line of sighte drawne from the Center of the firste Circle it beinge also deuided into 360. partes drawing such Angles of sight as you can finde And so procede frō place to place vntil euery Towne or Uillage haue come twise in your sight And where that anye line of the seconde Circle Crosseth the like line in the firste Circle make there a Sterre or like marke for that thirde place so call I the towne obserued twise so in like manner you shall do with other places vntil you haue drawn the hole region you desire Spoud Than it is expediente for me to obserue the Angle of sighte of euerye Towne from ij seueral places so shall I finde oute the distaunce of one of them from an other or of the thirde frō thē both as it must be placed in the Card. Phil. Yea and not only in the Card but that being knowen you shall easely finde out the distaunce in miles of one of them from an other Spou. That semeth very meruelous seyng that you haue not theyr Longitudes Latitudes Phil. Yet the worke is right easie as I doubte not but you will confesse for knowing the distaunce in miles of anye Townes or Uillagies you shall knowe the true distaunce of all the Townes in an Region one from an other as for example Swarston in Norfolk is from Norwich iij. miles I deuide as you se the line drawne from Norwiche to it with my compasse in three equall parts after applye my compasse to the line drawne frō Norwich to Windham from Windham to Swarston find vi miles betwixt Norwich and Windham and. iiij ▪ miles from Windā to Swarston Spo. By this way I can finde out the distaūce of two townes nie together by that to finde out the distaūce of all townes in à Carde Phi. I do greatly commend you and you may also make à scale or ruler conteininge in it the quantitye of miles from one to an hundreth if you please and by this menes you may take with your compasse the distance of ij places then apply the compasse to the foresaide scale or ruler you shall finde the perfaite distance And nowe sence I haue fulfilled your mind for the chief principall matters belōging to Cosmographie Geographie I will at this present returne to my lodginge againe Spou. Whan shall it be your pleasure that I shall repaire vnto you to be instructed in the Terestriall Globe because you saide that it do mooste aptlye represente the forme of th'Earthe Philo. Being required by certain of my frendes I do entend to make a longer more ample discourse therin then this place will permit And therfore will at thys time omit it As touching my fift booke you shall receiue it of me to morrow which day also for your furderaunce I entende to consume in teaching you necessarye principles for Hydrographie and Nauigation And therefore agayne fare you well THE FOVRTH BOOKE OF the Cosmographicall Glasse setting out such necessary principles rules as are to be obserued in Hydrographie Nauigation Spoudaeus THERE IS NOthing vnder the Globe of the mone conteined whiche vnto man beast euerye liuinge wite semeth more tedious more ickesome and long thē time when as they once fele the wante of that they moste desire Whiche sayinge to be true althoughe manye do confesse yet I aboue all other muste of force affirme remembringe your promesse touchinge th' Arte of Nauigation For sence your departure the greadye Greyhounde I assure you neuer more desired his pray nor the thirstye harte the flowynge fountaine or the languishinge sicke paciente the recouery of his health then my minde wanting her fode and Nutrimente thoughte longe wished and thirsted after youre presence and companye Phi. It is the proper nature of suche in whose mynde knoweledge haue once builded her Boure euer more more like à couetous mā to labour trauell after sciēce for ther is no other waies how to expel that foule vglie beast Ignorance out of the minde of mā to place knowledge in the same but by all possible meanes to imbrace Sciēce Cunning. Wherfore lest that your paine should with Tantalus increase I wil no lenger occupie the time with other kinde of talke but will begin somwhat to intreat of necessary thinges belōging to Na uigatiō for I do not intende to set out the differēs of one vessell frō an other as th'Argousie Hulke Ship Craer Pincke Pynice Gally or what so euer name they haue nor yet of theyr takling but wil leaue it to such as are Pi lotes masters of that facultie will shew thē à way how they shall both correcte their errours also guide direct their Uessels according t'Arte Science Spo. Thē first I pray you begin with the diuisiō of the water expoūding such names as they take of ther place Phi. That was my meaning first as touching the seas you shal note that it is diuersly called either according to the hole or els accordīg to the part Accordīg to the hole as the seas by this generall name Oceā because they circuit th' earth roūde about according to the partes as the seas breaking into the land making bāckes on either side is called Sinus takinge also the name of the place it floweth into as Sinus Adriaticus sinus Arabicus Sinus Indicus c. Also the great seas which diuideth Afrik Europe is called the midle erth sea taking that name because in the Weast of Spaine it breaketh into the middes of th' Earth The Redde seas where proud Pharo all his bende were drenched is not farre distante from the midde Earthe Seas for there is but à certayne hyll whiche they must nedes go ouer that go by land frō Egipte to Arabia Petrea that parketh them Also the Sodomiticall or dead Seas so called because that Sodōe other Cities were there burnt with fire coming from heauen is not farre from Iordane it is also called the dead sea because the water moueth not no not with most vehement tempestes because of the pitch in it nether cā any shippe saile or any fishe liue there The seas whyche
are vnder the Poles Arcticke Antarcticke are called the congeled or frosen Seas There are also the English Germaine Spanishe other seas of whiche I neade to make no mention no more then of the notable riuers as the Themes the Rhine Confluence Neccarus Danubie Tyber Nilus c. Because they are manifest vnto suche as trauell in any of them Spoud I read also in diuerse writers these wordes Fretum Lacus Stagnum Palus Fluuius But theyr difference I know not Phil. Fretum is coÌ„trary to that pease of th' Earth that is called Isthmus For like as that is â streight portion of th' Earth hauinge the Seas on bothe sides so Fretum is à narrowe streit arme of the Seas beyng betwixte two shores Lacus we may call it à lake is that which coÌ„tinually hath water Stagnum do differ from it because it conteyneth only water gathered by inundations and raine in the winter season Palus is à water merueilus deape broade Fluius we name it à fludde is called so of flowyng Spoud Your wordes giueth me occation to demaunde the cause of ebbing flowing also whether the time may by any meane be learned Philon. And I will gladly answere you for this is not the least thing that Pilotes Shipmen ought to haue regarde vnto bothe for goyng out also comminge in into any Porte or Hauen other necessarye matters as touchinge the Seas howe that they raise and Eleuate vp them selues as though they would touch the firmament and there with filleth other Armes Hauens and waters and also that they waxe shallowe and as it were emptye againe I can coniecture no other cause then that which the Noble Philosopher Phisitian Gale nus citith in his boke De diebus decretorijs in which he affirmeth that wheÌ„ as the Mone increse in light al moist thinges in like case increase when as her light decrea seth they in like sort decrease Wherby it is euident that spring ebbe tides take their beginning end of the mones course in the Zodiack Galenus words are these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Omnia siquidem quae facere nata est vbi falcis figuraÌ„ repraesentat languida fiunt inualescunt omnia cum plena fuerit All thinges which are vnder the power of the Moone when as she resembleth the sith in likenes they are feble decrease but al thinges waxe increase when she is at the Full. Spou. Then by these wordes I gather à repugnancie betwixt his authoritie dayly experience for it is more manifest clere theÌ„ midday how that the seas ebbe flow euery natural day that is in 24. houres twise Galenus saith how but twise in à Month the Seas ebbe flow for because she is but once at the full once at the chaunge in this circuit of time Phi. This obiection nothing infringeth Galen his authoritie nor yet experience For in the spring and ebbe tides the seas do encrease decrese meruelously whiche happen but twise euery moÌ„th this is that which Galenment And as for daily ebbing flowinge the seas do not increase or decrease therwith And therfore is properlye called fluxus etrefluxus but th' other Augmentum et Decrementum maris Spo. And what is the cause of this dailye ebbinge and flowinge so orderlye as often sundrye times I haue well noted Phi. The mone also for when as she riseth in th' East the seas begin to increase more more vntill she commeth to the Meridian Circle is full Southe then causeth full Sea And so as she declineth from the South so the sea decrease vntill she go downe in the Weast Ocean at whiche time againe the Seas begin to increase vntill the Moone be in the foresaide Meridian Line vnder th' earth then she is full North making also full seas So they decrease by little little as the Mone aprocheth toward th' East Spou. Then I praye you teache me some briefe waye how I maye at all times finde th'age of the Mone withoute anye tables of her diurnall course or Ephemerides for hauing that I shall easlye finde oute the springe and ebbetides Philon. With à right good will you shall accompt the daies that are past of thy month adde thereto the Epacte And to this number you shall also adde for euerye month past beginning at Marche 1. These 3 numbers you shall adde together and that shall shew you the age of the Mone As for example 1559 the 24. daye of August I wolde knowe the mones age Firste I adde 24 daies to th'Epact which is 22 the number of them is 46 then from March to August ther are 5. Monthes past therfore I adde to 46. the number of 5. and the hole number is fiftie one from whiche I take thirtie for so must you do if your number be more then xxx vnder sixtie there remaine one twentie which is th'age of the Mone Spoud And what if the number be 30. or 60. what must I then do Philonicus There is no thing to do for that number sheweth the Moone to chaunge that presente daye Spoude And howe may I finde the trewe Epacte for on that is all the difficulte of the worke Philon. That is so easie as I counte it but lost time to make many wordes there in For hauinge th'Epacte for one yeare you shal for the next yeare adde xi so yerelie xi cast awaye xxx as ofte as you can the remnent shal be youre Epacte But because I will not make more wordes in trifles beholde the Table and whan the yeares are expired begin againe at the firste numbre so continew for euer without variation The yere of Christ The gol deÌ„ num Th'Epacte The yere of Christ The gol deÌ„ num Th'Epacte 1560 3 3 1570 13 23 1561 4 14 1570 14 4 1562 5 25 1572 15 5 1563 6 6 1573 16 26 1564 7 17 1574 17 7 1565 8 28 1575 18 18 1566 9 9 1576 19 29 1567 10 20 1577 1 11 1568 11 1 1578 2 22 1569 12 12    Spou. Nowe if I coulde know howe long the Moone doth euery night shine me thinke it should be very pleasaunt comfortable especially beyng on the troublous seas Philoni And to that thinge also you shall easely attaine by the helpe of the Table folowing A TABLE OF THE SONNE RISINGE and going downe throughe the whole yeare Ianuaâ—…us Februarius Martius Aprill Maye Iune Da. of themoÌ„ Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do Sonne rise Sonne go do  H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. H M. 1 7 47 4 13 7 5 4 55 6 16 5 44 5 23 0 37 4 36 7 24 4
* Chichestre Naeomagus 19. 43. 53. 35. Colchestre Camulodanum 21. 0. 51. 40 Couentrie 20. 0. 52. 0 Darbie 20. 0. 54. 10 * d ee Deua a riuer 17. 0. 60. 0 Doncaster Deuana 18. 30. 55. 0 * Doram Dunum Sinus 20. 45. 57. 30. Elye an I le 21. 36. 52. 16 Excestre Isca 17. 30 52. 15 Gloucestre 18. 0. 54. 30 Harforde 20. 0. 52. 50 Humber Abus a riuer 21. 0. 56 30. Huntington 21. 0. 53. 20 Hulle 21. 10. 54. 34 Kirkby Olicana 19. 0. 57. 30 Lancastre 19. 0. 55. 0 Leicestre 19. 40. 52. 50 Lincolne Lindum 18. 20. 55 10. London of Ptolomaeus called LoÌ„dinium is the chief principall citie of all th'Iland it is exceding populous it is inhabited with men of euerye facultie it was builded before Rome 420. yeare before the reign of Alexander the great 811. yeres befor Christ our sauiors incarnatioÌ„ 1136. so that from the firste buildinge of it the yeares are 2735. And whereas Cities throughe processe of time do come to ruin decay this Citye contrariwise do more and more beautifye and increase the Longitude Latitude 19. 52. 51. 30. Manchester Mediolanium 16. 45 56. 40. S. Michaâ—…ls mount 12. 0. 51. 30 New Castell Orrea 19. 20 58. 55 North Hampton 21. 0. 52 15 Norwiche an healthfull pleasant Citye hauinge à faire Riuer called Yerus ronning thorow it which cometh out of the seas froÌ„ Yermouthe coste It is much subiect to fiers which haue not à little hindred the beuty therof The picture of it you shall find liuely set out in the firste boke the longitude Latitude 22. 30. 52. 10. Notyngham Hrate 18. 0. 55. 30. Oxenford called of Pto lomaeus Caleua à norishe of learning and à famous vniuersitie it is in Longitude Latitude 19. 0. 51. 50. Penbrouch 16. 0. 53. 40 Peterborough 21. 0. 53. 20 Portsmouth 19. 0. 51. 20 Richmunde 19. 0. 55. 20 Sandwich 21. 45. 54. 0 Salisbury 19. 0. 51. 50 Seuerne a riuer 17. 20. 54. 30 Sudburie 21. 20. 51. 55 VVinchester 21. 30. 50. 15 VVight an Ilande 19. 20 52. 20 Yermouth 22. 20. 52. 20. Yorke 19. 0. 54. 20 Ypswich 22. 0. 52. 40 Tynemouth 24. 0. 58. 30 Tenet an Iland 23. 0. 54 20. OF SCOTLANDE SCotland being reconed of Ptolomaeus but for part of Albion is parted by two armes of the seas which mete not from England Th' east arme begin about ij miles from the minster of Eburcuring the weast arme on the right side à stroÌ„g Citie Aclynd whiche in the Britishe tongue was called the Riuer Clynt The chiefe cities townes are these folowyng S. Andrewes 16. 40. 57 55. Dunber Varer 17. 0. 59. 30. Dundie 19. 20. 59. 30 Dunkel 19. 20. 58. 0 Edenbrugh called Alata castra is the chief Citie in all Scotlande 17. 15. 59. 20 Saint Iohns 15. 40. 59. 15 Also the middes of the 30. Ilandes adiacent to ScotlaÌ„d called Orchney 30. 0. 61. 40 OF ISLANDE ISland called of Ptolo Thyle is an IlaÌ„de subiecte to the king of Denmarke it is full of maruailous thinges to beholde Amonge whiche ther are iij. mountaines of an incredible height the toppes of which ar coÌ„tinually couered with snow The first mountaine is called Helga the seconde the mouÌ„t of the Crosse the thirde Hecla which coÌ„tinually like to the mountaine Aetna doeth burne castiÌ„g with violeÌ„ce as it were out of à GuÌ„ne greate stones froÌ„ it And this fire can not by water be queÌ„ched that which is to be wondred although the fire be marueylus great of force by reason of the Sulphure yet haye straw or rede is not of it coÌ„su med Sulphure is there so pleÌ„tifull that you may for the 4. part of â ducate haue à thousande weight There are also 4. FouÌ„taines of à diuerse nature qualitie The first if you cast in à sticke maÌ„ beast or what soeuerit be it torneth it presently into à stone yet it reteineth the naturall forme still The seconde is of an intollerable could The third is much sweter then Hony most pleasatly aswageth drines The fourth is Pestilent Poisonable deadly WhaÌ„ as the Sonne is in the beginning of Cancer it is continual day with them whan he is in Capricorne also continuall night darknes They are à simple people hould the the faith of Christ. Thei haue no king but all obey the Bishoppe as theyr kinge Their marchandise are Fishe wadmoll sulphur There are found Falcons Sperhaulkes Crowes Beares Wolues both white blacke RouÌ„de about this IlaÌ„d for the space of 6. or 7. moÌ„thes th'Ise swim meth makinge à miserable sound noise so that th'inhabitauntes suppose that in the mount Hecla in this Ise the soules of men women are tormented The fro sen congelid Seas beginne at this Iland It is now much trauailed to of english meÌ„ Danes that in the SoÌ„mer onely because of the horrible colde aboundance of Ise. The middes of this Ilande 7. 0. 65. 30. Harsol a Citie 7. 40. 60. 42 Thirtes a Citie 5. 50. 64. 44 Nadir a Citie 6. 40. 57. 20 OF CORSICA COrsica an Iland whose chiefe places are Istria 30. 30. 40. 15 Mariana 30. 10. 40. 20 Nebia 31. 0 40. 40 Aleria 31. 35. 40. 20 SICILIA SIcilia an Ilande Palerna 35. 30. 36. 10 Marsara 35. 20. 35. 30 Gergentum 36. 20. 35. 10 Terminae 35. 55. 36. 5 Pula 36. 0. 36. 0 Siracusae 37. 20. 35. 30 Cataua 37. 40. 36. 0 Messina 38. 0. 36. 40 Aetna the burning hil 37. 10. 35. 20 20. OF THE CHIEF Cities townes in th'Ilande of Sardinia SArdos 30. 20. 38. 58 Galea 29. 40. 37. 50 Argetara 29. 30. 36 30 Arestana 29 45. 36. 50 Aquilastrum 31. 20. 37. 30 Cambonara 31. 30 36. 30 Stira 30. 30. 36. 40 OF TH'ILANDES called Maiorica Minoria MAiorica Minorica be IlaÌ„des adiacent to Spaine Maiorica conteineth in LoÌ„gitude Lat. 17. 40. 38. 30 Minorica 20. 0. 39. 0 GADIRA AN Ilande GAdira whiche is also called the Gades in the west OceaÌ„ vnder 5. digr 30. 34. 0. EVBOEA AN Ilande EUboea nowe called Nigropont Is an Ilande to Achaia ioyning 54. 0. 38. 0. CRETA AN Ilande CRâ—…ta nowe called Candie an Ilande famous 55. 0. 35. 20. CYCLADES CYclades are Ilandes about Delus 56. 10. 37. 20 SPORADES Ilandes THese Ilandes are also ioynynge to Delus they ly scatered about in the seas of theÌ„ read Plinius lib. 4. capite xij theyr Longitude Latitude 56 10. 37. 20 Thus endeth the perticuler description of the chief Ilands in Europe OF SPAINE SPain as it appereth in the Table thereof in Ptolomaeus Geographie it compassed aboute with the seas excepte it be in that parte whyche toucheth Fraunce and is parted from Fraunce by the Pyrenean mountains And it is the first Region Weast betwixte Africke Fraunce It bringeth fourth such aboundance of pleasaunte fruictes that it serueth not onlye the necessitye of it selfe but also of Italie and