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water_n	call_v	earth_n	sea_n	3,957	5	6.9260	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A11365	The workes of Caius Crispus Salustius contayning the Conspiracie of Cateline The Warre of Iugurth. V. bookes of historicall fragments. II orations to Cæsar for the institution of a co[m]monwealth and one against Cicero.; Works. English	Sallust, 86-34 B.C.; Vaughan, Robert, engraver.; Crosse, William, b. 1589 or 90.	1629 (1629)	STC 21624; ESTC S116413	135,399	756

Ambassadours besides a great party corrupted with fauour vilified Adherbal in their speeches with praises they magnifie Iugurths vertue 〈◊〉 with countenance words and all other meanes they stroue to defend another mans treason and wickednesse as if it had concerned their owne honour But oppositely some few to whom goodnesse and equity were dearer then riches gaue sentence that Adherbal was to be succoured and Hiempsals death was seuerely to be punished But of them all most earnest was Aemilius Scaurus a Noble man of an actiue spirit factious couetous of rule and honour yet one that could cunningly palliate his vices He hauing obserued the Kings notorious and impudent bribery fearing as it falls out in like cases that with too much liberty of language he might procure enuy he restrained his mind from that wonted humour Notwithstanding in Senate that part preuailed which before right preferred reward or fauour A Decree is made that ten Delegates should diuide the Kingdome which Micipsa held betweene Iugurth and Adherbal The chiefe of this Ambassie was Lu. Opimius a man much esteemed and powerfull in Senate because being Consull when as C. Graccus and Mar. Fuluius were slaine he did rigorously prosecute the reuenge of the Nobility against the Commons Him Iugurth although he had formerly beene his friend at Rome entertained with great respect by giuing and promising much he wrought so that before reputation loyaltie nay all his owne fortunes he preferred the Kings profit The rest of the Delegates he attempted with the like practice to some fewe faith was more respected then money In the diuision that part of Numidia which bordereth Mauritania being more opulent in soyle and people is assigned vnto Iugurth that other more commended for shew then profit as hauing more Harbours and fairer houses fell to Adherbals lot CHAP. 4. Africke described as was then knowne to the Romanes Her first Inhabitants THe occasion seemes to require that I should briefly deliuer the situation of Africke and touch the conditions of those Nations with whom we haue had warre or peace But what places and people haue beene scarce frequented through the skortching heate mountaines and desarts of them I will relate nothing for● certaine the residue● I will in few words vnsold In the diuision of the terrestriall Globe most men allow Africke for a third part some fewe would haue onely Asia Europe but Africke in Europe Her borders on the West are the Ocean and Mediterranean seas on the East a spacious breadth of declining land which place the Inhabitants call Carabathmon The sea is rough without hauens the soile is fertill of graine fit for Cattell scant of trees In the Aire and earth there is scarcity of water The people are healthfull of body swift of foot patient of labour Old age dissolues most of them except perchance such who perish by the sword or wild beasts For seldome sickenesse kills any Besides there are many creatures of venemous kinds But what people inhabited Africke at first and who afterward arriued and how they were intermingled one with another although it differs from the common report yet as it hath beene interpreted vnto vs out of the Punicke bookes which were said to be King Hiempsals and as the natiues of that Country thinke to be I will discourse in briefe But the credit of it shall be required of the Authours In the beginning the Getulians and Libians inhabited Africke a rough and barbarous people whose food was the flesh of wild beasts and such fruites of the earth as Cattell eate These men were gouerned neither by customes Lawes nor Magistrates wandring disperst they lodged there where night inforced But after that Hercules dyed in Spaine as the Africans doe coniecture his Army being composed of sundry Nations hauing lost their Captaine and many of the Leaders affecting the chiefe command disbanded shortly after Of this number the Medes Persains and Armenians transported into Affricke by shipping seazed vpon the Regions confining on the Mediterranean sea the Persians were inmost from the Ocean and they dwelt in the Hulles of their ships turned vpside down in lieu of Cottages for neither the soyle afforded materials for building neither had they meanes to buy or barter any from the Spaniards The great Sea and an vnknowne language prohibited all commerce These by degrees marrying with the Getulians intermingled themselues with them and because trying the goodnesse of the pasture they wandred from one place to another they called themselues Numidae Now euen to this day the houses of the Peazart Numidians which they terme Mapalia being very large and couered with crooked tiles doe resemble the bottomes of ships Vnto the Medes and Armenians the Lybians adioyned themselues for they liued next the African Sea the Getulians more neere the Sunne not farre from the skortching heat and these soonest inhabited Townes For being diuided from Spaine by a narrow sea they resolued to trafficke one with another The Lybians not long after corrupted their names calling them in their barbarous language Mauri for Medi. But the estate of the Persians soone flourished and after that the Nomo-Numidians because of multitude forsaking their parents possessed that territory which lying next to Carthage is named Numidia Then relying on each others support they inforced their neighbours either by Armes or the terrour of them vnto subiection they got a name and renowne those especially which were seated neerest to the Mediterranean sea Because the Lybians were lesse warlike then the Getulians besides for that all nether Africke is possessed by the Numidians all the vanquished were incorporated into the name and Nation of the Conquerours Afterwards the Phaenicians some for lessening the multitude at home some through the desire of rule hauing sollicited the Commons and others longing after nouelties built Hippon Adrumetum Leptis and other Cities on the sea-coast and these in short time being much augmented became partly a safe guard partly an honour vnto their first Progenitours For to be silent of Carthage I hold it more pertinent then to speake of sparingly since time warnes me to speede to another discourse Neere therefore vnto Catabathmon which is the frountier diuiding Aegypt from Africke in the lower sea first of all appeareth Cirene a Colony of the Thereans then the two Syrtes and betweene them Leptis last of all the A●tars of the Philenian brethren which place towards Aegypt the Carthaginians had for a border of their Empire beyond are some Punicke Citties the rest of those Regions the Numidians possesse as farre as Mauritania The Moores are next to Spaine Aboue Numidia we haue heard the Ge●ulians are liuing partly in Cottages others of them wandring more wildly Behind them are the Aethiopians then the Countries skortched with the Solar heate CHAP. 5. The estate of the African affaires when these Warres began Iugurth ingageth Adherbal to fight and defeateth his Army THerefore in the Iugurthine warre the Romane people gouerned most part of the Punicke Townes and the territories of the

all became equall CHAP. 23. The Kings retire into the desarts Metellus goeth to Rome Marius besieged Capsa and after some difficulties taketh it by force BVt the Kings as soone as they vnderstood of Marius comming depart diuersly into places of difficnlt accesse Thus it seemed good to Iugurth hoping ere long hee should surprize his enemies straggling and that the Romans as most men doe feare being remoued would carry themselues more loosly and licentiously Metellus in the mean time going to Rome i● contrary to his expecta●tion receiued with much ioy being esteemed alike of the Fathers and people after their hatred was once allayed But Marius readily and wisely attended his owne and the enemies affaires hee knew what was expe●dient or not for both he discouered the iourneyes of the Kings hee preuented their counsels and Stratagems he suffred no slackenesse with himselfe nor safety with them Therefore both the Getulians and Iugurth driuing preyes from our Confederates he often assailing defeated them in their iourneyes and disarmed the King himselfe not farre from the Towne of Cirtha which exploits when he perceiued to be onely glorious not conducing to the finishing of the warre hee resolueth to besiege the Citties one after another which in respect of the place or people were most aduātageous for the enemy against himselfe Thus either Iugurth would be despoiled of his aydes if he suffred this or else must come to the tryall of a battell For Bocchus had many times sent Messēgers to the Cōsul shewing that he desired the friēdship of the Romane people that he● should feare no act of ho●stility from him Whether he conterfeited this to the intent that being vnlooked for he might inuade with more annoyance or that through the leuity of his disposition he was wont to change the resolutions of peace and warre it remaines vndiscouered But the Consull as he had resolued marcheth to the Townes and fortified Castles some by force others by terrour or by promising rewards he withdraweth from the enemies And first his vndertakings were meane thinking that Iugurth for defending his own would come within danger But when he heard that he was absent a farre off and imployed vpon other affaires it seemed high time for him to vndertake things more great and difficult There lay amongst the vast desarts a faire Towne and strong called Capsa whose founder Hercules the Lybian was said to bee The Citizens were priuiledged by Iugurth liuing vnder a gentle command and for these respects were held most faithfull They were fortified against enemies not onely with walls armes and Souldiers but that which is much more with the roughnesse of the Region for besides the places next to the Towne all the rest were wast for want of manuring skant of water infested with Serpents whose violence as of all other wilde beasts growes more outragious by the scarcity of meate Besides the nature of Serpents pernicious in it selfe is more inflamed with thirst then any thing else Of gaining this piece an earnest desire possessed Marius as well for the vse of the warre as also for that it seemed a difficult matter and Metellus had with great glory taken the Towne of Thala seated and fortified not much vnlike but that at Thala there were some fountaines not far from the walls The Capsians had onely one spring of water and that within the Towne as for the rest they vsed raine That inconuenience both there and in all Africke which being far from the sea lay vncultiued is suffred with lesse greeuance because the Numidians for the most part fed on milke and the flesh of wilde beasts and neither sought for salt nor other prouocations of gluttony food serued them against hunger and thirst not for lust nor luxury Therefore the Consull all things being discouered relying as I thinke on the gods for against so great difficulties hee could not sufficiently prouide by counsell because also he was assailed with want of Corne for that the Numidians are more addicted to grazing of Cattell then tillage and whatsoeuer croppe was growne they had bestowed by the Kings command in places of strength but the fields at that time were dry and bare of graine for it was the last of Summer doth notwithstanding as he could make preparation with prouidence enough he giueth out all the Cattell which he had formerly gotten by predation to be driuen by the Auxiliary horse-men hee commandeth A. Manlius his Lieutenant with the light-armed Cohorts to goe to the Towne of Li●is where he had placed the pay and victuals himselfe going to take preyes meant to be there within a few dayes Thus his enterprize being concealed he marcheth to the riuer Tana But as he trauailed he distributed the Cattell daily by equall proportions vnto his Army throughout the Centuries and Horse-troupes and tooke order that bottles might be made of the hides thus together hee eased the want of Corne and all men being ignorant of his purpose he prepared those things which would be forthwith vsefull Finally on the sixth day when they came to the riuer a great number of bottles was made There the Campe being pitched with a slight fortification hee commandeth the Souldiers to eate and to march out with the setting of the Sunne that all the baggage being quitted they should with water onely lade themselues and the beasts of carriage Then when the time came he issueth forth of the Camp and hauing trauailed all the night he resteth he doth the same on the next and the third long before day light he arriueth in a place full of little hilles not distant aboue two miles from Capsa and there as couertly as he could he maketh a stand with all his Army But as soone as it was open day and the Numidians fearing no hostility came forth of the Towne in great numbers he suddenly commandeth all the Horsemen and with these the nimblest Foot-men to march to Capsa with full speed and to blocke vp the gates thereupon hee himselfe being intentiue followeth hastily neither doth he suffer the Souldiers to pillage Which things when the Townes-men knew their desperate estate their mighty feare the vnexpected mischiefe together with a great part of their Citizens in the hands of enemies inforced them to make a surrender But the Towne was burnt the Numidian youth were slaine all the rest were sold the prey was deuided to Souldiers This outrage contrary to the Law of Armes was not done through the auarice or mischieuous disposition of the Consull but because the place was for Iugurth opportune for vs difficult in regard of accesse the people were inconstant and faithlesse before neuer subiected by feare nor benefit After Marius had finished so high a worke without any losse of his owne men being heretofore great and excellent hee now began to be accounted greater and excellenter all his vncouncellable actions were interpreted to be vertuous the Souldiers being ruled with a modest command and rich besides praised him aboue measure the