Huyberts sand and you may under sayle it with low water and is in the fareway 12 13 and 14 fathom deepe from the innermost Huyberts buy marked with i to the buy before the watt called Steven Ianss buy Steven Ianâ—s buy marked with k the course is southeast and lyeth on 8 fathom k comming alongst by the buy on Huyberts plate you must leave Borckum a little that so you may shun the Mieuwen tayle Mieuwen tayle which shooteth from off the wolds or the south end of Borckum this you may under sayle upon 5 fathom when you come inwards Westwards from Steven Ianss buy stand 5 beakons a little to the southwards there goeth the watt 〈◊〉 north and by east almost as farr from Steven Ianss buy as the innermost Huyberts buy lyeth from Steven Ianss buy there shooteth out also an out corner or riffe called Ransel Ransel but you may under sayle it upon 5 fathom the marks of this channell and how to shun the tayle or Ransel are these upon the south end of Borckum lye two little downes called the Wolden keepe the tower of Borckum on the west side of those little downes so shall you not sayle upon the Ransel in this channell it is deep nine and eight fathom From Steven Ianss buy to Doecke buy l the course is eastsoutheast there find you southwards from this buy a beakon m called Ruytebaken Ruyte baken this buy lyeth upon 5 fathom and in the fareway you have 7 fathom deep the flood falleth very strong behind this buy into Doecke-gat whereof you must beware from the buy with the Doeck to the Camper buy the course is eastsoutheast marked with n from thence to the buy of Eemshorn marked with o the course is southeast lye both upon 5 fathom in the midst of the farewater it is 7 fathom deep Marks of the buy of Eemshorn the Marks of the Eemshorn buy are these when the Cloyster of the Dam being a flat Church commeth together with Holdwijck then have you the length of the buy these marks stand then about south and by west from you stretching out from the buy of Eemshorn you shall find on the south shoare five beakons sayle about that from thence to the Groningerdike southsouthwest till you get the Church of Wtwyrde the Cloyster of the Dam together run betwixt to the shoare of Delftsayl for being past the buy of the Doecke then you must presently sound the west shoare as far as Otterdum in 5 6 and 7 fathom and come not neerer them for it very steepe the east coast in sayling up you may hereabout sound upon six fathom behind a plate called the Hondt being a hard sand and somewhat more inward lyeth yet another plate called the Pape also an hard sand runneth through betweene both the creekes but the west shoare is soft clay ground as farre as Otterdum you must keepe the west shoare and follow the beakons which stand alongst the shoare this reach stretches southsoutheast and south and by west and so in the bending alongst southsoutheast and by the Groninger land southeast For to avoyd Reydersand or Iannens sand Reyder that is a plate in the middest of the Eems betwixt Otterdum and Reyde where upon at low water it is ten foote you must looke out for Otterdum a slat church without a steeple standing in Groningerland on the dyke when you come thwart of it edge over to Embderland to wit to the Knock which is a steeple broken of standing in the water upon the poynt Comming by the Knock then runne within two cables length along by the north shoare unto Loegerhorn and then you shall not sail too near the plate There standeth a flat steeple betwixt the Knock Loegerhorne called Gerritswaert when you can see through that steeple or when that steeple the church come one to the other then are you thwart of that foresaid plate When you sayl up the Western Eems you must leave all the buyes on the starboard side A southeast and northwest moon maketh without the Eems the highest water In the Balgh a southsoutheast and northnorthwest moone Before the towne of Embden a south or south by west and a north or north and by east moone The Island Iuyst Island Iuyst lyeth a great league or a league a half eastnortheast from Borckum which is a little low Island the west end is a high steep poynt gray land the east end is higher then the middest The church standeth in the midst upon the land the steeple is somewhat sharpe and standeth at the east end of the church for you cannot see the church but thwart of a low place or valley Betwixt Borckum Iuyst goeth in the eastern Eems From the west end of Iuyst lyeth off a riffe two leagues or 2 leagues a half west into sea on the off side you may sound it in 3 or 4 fathom to the southwards of it goeth in the eastern Eems The easterne Eems Run upon the grounds of Borckum in 5 fathom and set the tower of Borckum with the New Cape which is of late there made then will they stand south from you or if you come from the west then keepe the tower upon Iuyst east and east and by north from you so shall you find the first or outtermost buy in 5 fathom from the outtermost to the second the course is east and by north from the second to the third eastsoutheast they lye all in 5 fathom in the fareway it is five six eight and ten fathom deep The end of the Iuyster riff betweene the outtermost and the second buy is upon the innermost side so extraordinary steep and rising up that you cannot sound upon it but more inwards from the second buy it is slatter there is good sounding ground the third buy lyeth upon the poynt of Brewers plate Brewers plate on the east side of Borckum which you may under sayle the tayle is on the north side very steepe from the third buy sayle yet eastsoutheast on till you come even with the beacon upon the Hooge-Horn there is a good roade upon five six or 7 fathom and good lying for a south wind then with a flood you must goe on east somewhat more northerly that you may so shun the poynt of the foresayd Brewers plate the Iuyster riff is inwards from the second buy flatt so that you may sound in 5 or 6 fathom when you are a little eastwards the third buy goe then southeast on the eastern Eems is thereabouts wide and broad The east end of Borckum is flatt then you must not forget to sound when you sayle out or in with a ship that draweth much water and if it bee with a southeast course then come you upon the Conings plate Conings plate upon the poynt or tayle of which lyeth a buy and upon the plate a Beakon this buy and Beakon you must bring on your starboard To
reckoning they are good longst markes when Monnickedam is about the west end of Schyteldoecks-haven and the house at Muyen betwixt Weesp and the church at Muyen then are you thwart of Muyen sand For to saile right through over Pampus then keepe the steeple of Diemen over or about the point of Tyoort so long as you can see Tyoort that is a right longst marke for to saile over Pampus When you are come thwart of the east end of Marken goe then on northeast or somewhat more eastwardly towards the Fall of Urck which is 7 leagues when you are come with in a great league of Urck you shall meete with a hard sand The Houtribbe called the Houtribbe lying southeast and northwest thwart over the Farewaye there is no more water upon it then upon the Flat of Wieringen or of Freesland you shall finde alsoo no deeper water there then eight through When Enckhuysen lyeth northwest northwest and by west from you then you are upon the Houtribbe Before that you come against the sand you can by night see the fire upon Urck. When as Urck or the fire is more northerly then northeast from you and that you get shoaling then that is certainly of the Houtribbe for so you cannot come too neare the Enckhuysen sand When you come from the southwards you are not about the Enckhuysen sand before that the church upon Urck come without the little village of houses which is then east and by south and east southeast from you if that then you goe away northwest and by west or westnorthwest you shall runne close alongst by the side of the sand With a ship of great draught bring the church a good way through the houses untill that it stand eastsoutheast from you then goe bouldly on northwest and by west or keepe Medenblick without the point of the Ven and so you shal not come too near neither to sand nor shoale Likewise if you come from the northwards and bring Urck not more eastwardly then eastsoutheast from you Marks of Enckhuysen sand then you cannot take hurt also of the Enckhuysen sand From Urck to the buyes upon the Cripple and Hof-stede the course is northwest and by west with that course you may runne all alongst unto the souther buye upon Wieringheâ— Flat in turning to windwards you may well bring Medenblick a little within the point of the Ven but when as Medenblick is without it then you are in the right fareway Betwixt Urck and the buye upon the Hofstede northeast somewhat eastwardly from the steeple of Enckhuysen lyeth a little plate of hard sand lying towards the end of Enckhuysen sand which is not deeper then the Frees Flat about to the eastwards of it is the deepest water but about to the westwards of it by some called the Katte-gar you shall be sooner about the High horne or the Enckhuysen sand it is good for ships that draw but little water The thwart markes of the buyes Marks of the buyes upon the Hof-stede Cripple both upon the Cripple and Hosstede are Grootebroeck and Hem two sharp steeples right one in the other and Warnis a little sharp steeple in Freesland to the south side of the Cliffe of Staverne then you have the length of these buyes which lye each of them in three fathom the one on the east shoare and the other on the west shoare upon the tayle of the Cripple There is in the right fare waie two foot lesse then five fathom and soft ground When the steeple of Medenblick commeth to the northwards of the house of Medenblick so farr as the house is broade then you are cleare of Cripple sand and past it goe then on northwest and northwest and by north to the buye upon the Creyl according as the winde and tyde shall be the right farewaie there is deepe 5 fathom scarce Thwart of the Creyl in sailing out or about the Cryel in sailing in that is a little within the Creyl The Crâ—yl on the north shoar lyeth alongst the reach towards the buye upon the Hosstede a hard sand or plate called the south Creyl South Creyl upon which there is no more then twelve foot water at low water betwixt that banck and the north shoare it is three fathom deepe and soft ground and to the southwards or the westwards of it foure fathom and an halfe When Mirnes a little flat steeple in Freesland commeth over a long countrie-house to the southwards of the cliffe of Staverne then you come right thwart of that foresayd plate Mark of the Creyl The markes of the buye upon the Creyl are the sharpe steeple of Twisck over the Cornemill to the westwards of Medenblick and that little flat steeple of Mirnes to the south side or east side of the cliffe The right fareway there is four fathom and an half five fathom deep soft ground the buye lyeth in four fathom if need require men may runne wel a cables length about to the eastwardes of it From the buye upon the Creyl to the buye upon the Freese plate Freese plate the course is north and by east When the steeple of Twisck commeth a little to the northwards of Medenblick then keepe them soo standing so long as you can see it then you shal not saile within any shoales betwixt that plate and the Creyl Betwixt the buye upon the Creyl and the Freese plate on the west shoare alongst the Reach lyeth a hard sand called Monick-sand Monick-sand which men may be foul of if they runne somewhat too farre over to the westwards When you are come about the Creyl you may goe on north and by east with a shippe that draweth but little water over the tayle of Broad-sand right to the buye upon the sand called West-worckum but with shippes of great draughts you must keep the right farewaye For to finde the deepest water upon the flat bring Pendragen a little flatte steeple standing to the westwards of Worckum to the westwards of a little village which standeth alsoo to the westwards of Worckum and saile so right with it that is a good longst marke of the buy upon the Freese plate and soo you shall runne right with the buy when as that Warnes and Mirnes come one in the other to the northwards of Staveren then you have the length of the buy which lyeth on the west side of the Plate you must runne alongst to the westwards of it there is the deepest water when you come from the northwards you might sayle within the Freese-plate on the east shoare Being past the foresayd buye upon the plate goe on northnortheast untill that Pendragen come betwixt the little village and Voorwolde If that you have then the cliffe through Staveren then you have the deepest water upon the shoalest of the slatt then men runne commonly a little more norherly unto the buye in the Bight Buy in the Bight and alongst to the westwards
8 9 and ten fathom deep Bâ—twixt Keeshoeck and Schuytesand or betwixt the beakons of Claesoomen the point of the water lyeth a little narrow plate alongst the reach allmost in the middest of the fareway nearest to the west shoare where upon it is not deeper then four fathom or 3 fathom and an hâ—lfe when men turne to windewards they are over it with 2 or 3 casts of the lead Westwards from the buy upon Keeshoeck lyeth the Old-Flye Old-Flye it lyeth in first s s.w and then forth to the buy upon the Nesse in the Tessel stream The after floud with the fore ebb fall in verie strong into this channel In sailing upwards you might sail within it in 4 fathom The marks of it are the steeple of Franiker right to the southwards of the steeple of Harlingen From thence outwards off unto Schieringshals the w. shoare is verie steep in eight fathom you shall be close by the shoare The fareway betwixt these buyes and thwart of the buye upon the Ellbowâ— is tenne and eleven fathom deep From Keeshoeck to Wolfshoeck Wolfshoeck the course is first northwest and northwest and by north unto the buye betwixt them both by some called the Schor tun and by the Pilots the buy upon the Ellbowe Schor tun or the buy upon the Ellbow and from thence to the buy upon Wolfshoeck north or somewhat more easterly which lieth in four fathom on the east shoare From the buy upon Wolfshoeck unto the buy unto Schieringshals Schâ—eringshals the course is northnorthwest north w. and by north according as the winde and tyde shall be To the northwards or to the eastwards of the buy upon Wolfshoecke goeth up a broade bight southeast farre into the groundes so deep as the right farewaie called the Inschot The Inschot comming in you might saile within in seven fathom the forefloud falleth from Schieringshals verie strong into it and the fore ebbe to the contrarie very strong out of it upon the taile of Schieringshals where by maine ships are miscarried Schieringshals is a tail of sand which shooteth off from the west shoare upon it lyeth a white buye in three or four fathom comming in from without men might saile within it in sixe fathom the right deepe betwixt Wolfshoeck and Schieringshals is nine fathom From Schieringshals to Longsand Longsand the course is northwest and northwest and by north betwixt them both on the w. shoare it is shallow water and the best roade of al the Flye streame there goeth also little tyde The right deepe is eight nine and ten fathom Longsand men might sail within it on the east shoare in sayling up but if they keep themselves in 7 or 8 fathom they shall not come too neare neither of Longesand nor Schieringshals When the eastermost house upon Grindt commeth a little to the northwards of the westermost then you have even the length of the buye upon Longsand From Longsand to the Sloot the course is forth northnorth w. the right deep is tenne fathome Moncksloot or men runne alongst by the beakons upon Crakesand untill they come into the Sloot The Island Flyeland is three leagues long and a land very easy to be known upon the east end lye high white sand-hilles and to the westwards it is a land ful of short low hommocks or knobbs Upon the west end standeth a Church with a mill to the eastwards of it From the w. end shooteth off a riffe a good waies into sea To the westwards of this riffe betwixt Flyeland and the Eyerland goeth in a deep called the Westergat or Westfiel deepe which is not for great ships but onely for Fisher boates there is not above 8 or 10 foote water Upon the east end standeth a mill with a Cape the which are markes for to avoyd the grounds which lye before the Flye The east end of Flyeland and the west end off Tessel lye eight leagues asunder Eastwards from Vlieland lyeth der Schelling der Schelling and is about three leagues long Upon it stand two Churches and upon the west end thereof it hath an high stubbed tower called Brandaâ—ies and by it standeth a Mill about the middle of the land standeth a sharpe steeple called Midlands East thereof standeth another Spire steeple called the Hoorn betweene Midland and the Hoorn standeth a mill On the east end there lye little hills or downes Upon the west end standeth a Light-house upon which there is fire at night and two Capes the biggest serveth as a Mark of the easterne Booms channell and the least for the westerne Booms-channel Stortemelck To sayle into Stortemelck that is the Landdeep of Vlieland bring the Cape that is on the east end of Vlieland and the Lighthouse together they shall then stand from you southsoutheast or a little easterly sayle there upon and you shall fall right upon the first buy that lyeth in five fathom on the outermost of the long Banke the Banke is on the northside reasonable plaine so that those who come out of the north may run thereby upon the lead in five or six fathom and so likewise find the outermost Buy If neede require men may run over the end of the long banke but nâ—â— too farr eastwards of the outermost buy in three â—â—â—â—om or eighteen foot towards the shoare though not eastwards of the second Buy but a good way westwards lyeth right southwards the point of another small tayle whereupon neere the buy is no more then eleven foote water betweene this tayle and the long banke runneth a Chopp in the ground to the eastwards off five fathome deepe It happeneth sometimes that shippes comming over the end of the Long bancke and finding againe deeper water doe thinke themselves to bee in the right depth of Stortemelck where upon they luffe but runne in the foresayd Chopp in betwixt the two foresayd tayles and if with a westerly wind not without greate danger and yet must run out againe backwards Comming out of the west alongst by Vlieland in foure or five fathom you shall not misse to run the foresayd outermost buy in sight Hee that in the night falleth about Stortemelek let him bring the light-house southsoutheast from him and run there upon till hee come neerer the shoare hee shall run to the westwards of the outermost buy within Stortemelck there lye 7 blacke buyes with one white buy sayling in leave all the blacke on the larboard and run alongst the southwards leave the white on the starboard even as al other white buyes as well in Booms channell the letting as upon the Vliestream In comming from Stortemelck you must somewhat shun the shoar for it hath a shoale right over against the first buy The second Buy called the outtermost Drooge drie lyeth on eleven foote upon the ridge or the shoalest of the channell south thereof is alsoo not more then 11 foot water and a little further againe 16 foote deepe The third is called
the innermost Drooge drie lyeth on 16 foote the right depth betweene both is 3 fathom The fourth is called Heyckhoeck betweene this and the third the right depth is in five fathom over against the fourth lyeth the white Buy on the strand hard by runneth a little tayle from the shoare which you may under sayle when you sayle outwards to this white Buy or to the third from without it stretcheth eastnortheast in from the fourth to the fifth allmost east further more more southerly The fifth buy is called the outtermost corner buy the sixth the middlemost corner Buy and the seventh or last the innermost corner buy betwixt the outtermost and middlemost corner buy the next outtermost runneth a tayle from the shoare which you may under sayle from without this groweth sometimes allmost as farre as the Buy then breaketh the depth by the wall againe through and scoures the tayle wholly to the north shoare from the innermost buy men run forth alongst by the strand of Vlieland or southward to the buy upon the plate The easterne Booms Channell To sayle into the easterne Booms Channell Comming out of sea or from the westwards bring the Cape on the Schelling the tower of Brandaries together they shall then stand south from you south by east run there upon and you shall find the outermost buy without the Channell in sea upon 4 and a halfe and 5 fathom right without and eastwards the outermost poynt of the steepe grounds they are without upon the northside soo steepe that you are hard by them in 12 and 13 fathom upon them remaineth not more then 5 foote water hard by to the westwards of the foresayd Cape standeth a lighthouse where upon there is light every night Comming by night out of the east you must hold the stroke of the shoare and you may run alongst there by in three fathom till the fire bee right against you and so still further upon three fathom till you come to Heyhoeck then is the fire almost east and east and by north from you there get you deeper water In foure fathom you maâ— run without about the steep grounds The easterne Booms Channell is very hard to bee sayled in by an unxeperienced man it is full of wandring grounds even as by Oesel The foreflood falleth eastnortheast thwart over the Channell till allmost halfe flood before it drawes right inwards contrariwise the fore ebbe falleth also westsouthwest thwart over the Channell till almost halfe ebbe before it falleth right out therefore it is best with a northeast or easterly winde fore ebbe A little eastwards of the Cape and the tower get the east shoare and so run alongst thereby upon three fathom this is cleane and flatt wholly till within Cape and the Tower The second buy lyeth within the outtermost poynt of the steepe grounds distant from the first about southwest and by west the steepe grounds are so steepe on the end that it is very neere it 18 foote deepe the east shoare is flatt going up and dryeth by little and little from 18 to 16 14 and 12 foote Eastwards the second buy the fareway is three fathom deepe and to the westwards it is five fathom but not wide therefore you may not run too farre westwards you should bee very suddenly with a fore ebbe upon them they are likewise within very steepe The east shoare you may run soo neare upon your lead as you will onely with a storme the sea breaketh thereupon quite to the second buy The second third fourth and fifth buy lye all upon a row one from another to wit southwest and northeast the third on the east coast though you may goe there a little more eastwards about the east coast is there most flatt and the fareway westwards of the buy seven fathom deepe The fifth called the buy upon Heyhoeck lyeth also on the east shoare but neerer then the third in five fathom these may you also sayle to the eastwards but not farre the fareway westwards these is 7 8 and 9 fathom deepe till you come past this buy you may from without sayle in alongst by the east coast upon your lead also by night or darke weather from thence inwards it is wide and broad From Heyhoeck you must saile to Robbegat Upon the north side of the Robbegat upon the poynt of the dry plate standeth a beak on in the middle of Robbegat next the dry plate lyeth a small shoale before upon the shoale on the poynt in the comming in lyeth a buy betwixt that buy or the small shoale and the foresayd Beacon is the deepest water but you must run in hard by the Beakon that so you may not be deceived with the streame which falleth thwart over the drye plate below and betweene this small shoale and the Rosyne plate it is wider and the Robbegat stretiches in southwest and southwest and by w. Beeing through the Robbegat run to the strand of Vlieland and alongst somewhat neere thereby The Westerne Booms Channell To sayle into the westerne Booms Channell comming from the west bring the Cape and tower of Brandaries together that is then east and east and by south from you thereupon you must run to find the outermost buy there is six fathom water keepe then the Cape and tower so standing till you come to the second buy bring then the tower a greate handspikes length to southwards the Cape and sayle thereupon then you shall sayle betwixt a white and black buy there is it upon the shoalest 17 foote with low water from thence you come to six and seven fathom then you come againe in the right Booms Channell on the northwall it is the deepest it is wide and broad that you could wel vere it up the stream runs there of it selfe right in in still weather To sayle into the letting The letting comming through the Robbegat about the Rosyne plate you must run towards the buy upon Langesant aâ—d forth betweene the white and black buy leaving in sailing up the black on the larboard and the white on the starboard till you come by the beacons upon the Nakens you may easly see from buy to buy sayle then forth alongst by the Beakons upon the Nakens e. s.e on till Brandaries commeth hard by Grind but not upon it keepe them so standing and run southwards on and you shall saile upon the buy on the tayle of Hendryck 't Iaerts plate these you may under saile on the e. side Leave them on your larboard and run on west away southsoutheast to the last Buy that lyeth upon the south poynt of the foresayd Hendryck 't Iaerts plate Over against the Beakons upon the Nakens lye on the southwall two white buyes the most easterly lyeth upon the tayle which sayling off you may undersayle southwards betweene the two last blacke buyes by the west coast is the Roâ—de where the ships which are bound to Harlingen set on to lighten NOTE
All the depths here before rehearsed as well of Stortemelck as of the Boomkens-gat are sayd of the lowest water at halfe flood is three foot deeper it floweth upon these at the foresayd places with a common tyde 5 and an half or 6 foot up and downe The numbers of the depths set downe in the carde of the Flye and Ameland-gat are to be understood of feet as for example by the outer buy of the Boomkens gat stand 66 that are 66 foot or eleven fathom sixe foote being reckoned for a fathome Ameland-gat Two leagues to the eastwardes of the Schelling lyeth Ameland lying eastnortheast and westsouthwest foure great leagues Upon the west end of Ameland standeth a Cape and a great thick flat steeple called the Hoelme the roofe of this Church is broken off but the after front with the roofe standeth above the side walls to the eastwards of the Church of Hoelm standeth a mill with a house to the westwards of the mill alsoo a broad flat tower About the place where Midlan-church was wont to stand lye three or foure white sandhilles which are low flat long towards the east end it is knobbie land with white amongst it From the west end of Ameland runneth off a riff almost three leagues into sea called Born-rif Born-riffe which is upon the outer side verâ—e steep come no nearer it then in 12 fathom comming from the eastwards you cannot saile within it but in sailing alongst by it in seven fathom you shall not run a bowles cast along without it For to saile into Ameland-gat comming out of the sea bring the cape upon the east end of the Schelling right over the steeple of Horne which shall then stand from you southsouthwest or a little more westerly saile in right with them untill that the Cape upon Ameland and the steeple of Hoelme are one over the other then leave the first markes and saile in upon the second and you shall finde the outermost buye which lyeth somewhat within the outermost point of Born-riff Comming from the westwards run alongst by the strand of the Schelling in five or five fathom and an halfe at low water and you shall not fail to saile right upon the outermost buye then the C. steeple upon Ameland shall also come one over the other and stand from you east or a little more southerly Comming alongst by the Schelling in four fathome you shall not saile within the Koggedeeps ground Kog deep gâ—ounds over against then lyeth the first buye on the south side of Bornerif run alongst to the southwards of it keeping the Cape and steeple one over the other untill you be past the second buye which lyeth thwart of the west end of Kamper sand Kâ—mpersand the farewaye betwixt these two buyes is five and sixe fathome deep Being past the second buye bring the steeple somewhat to the northwards of the Cape and goe on east n.e. towardes the third buye upon Gerritshonden Gerritshonden for to avoide the plate which lyeth off from the south side towardes Bornriff on it lye two white buyes the first over against the a foresaid third black buye the other over against the fourth black buye lying from the third about southeast leave the black buyes all on the larboard side and the white on the starboard side and run through so betwixt them both the plate is on the north side â—â—different flat so that you may run to it upon the lead reckon wel your tydes especially be carefull of a fore-ebbe which falleth very strong over that channell northnorthwest into sea over Bornriffe Betwixt the second and third buye in the fareway it is eight and nine fathom Betwixt the third and the foresayd plate seven fathom Being past the fourth buye both sides are very steepe the fareway eight nine ten and twelve fathom deepe goe then in southsoutheast untill that the steeple of Holm come over the south point of Ameland where the boats lye and then you come in the bight where it is on the s side flat and good anchoring in 5 or 6 fathom the north shoare is very steepe For to saile further into Horsen go away from the bight eastnortheast alongst by the south side in five or six fathom so long untill Heynooms chamber being a red tyled house come a handspikes length to the northwards or to the eastwards of Hoelm-church anchor there in five or six fathom you shall lye there in good ground sheltred for all winds also there goeth little tyde in this fareway it is twelve fathom deepe the north shoare is there very steep These foresayd depths like as also those of the Flye are sayd of low water Of the tides At Amsterdam a northeast and s w moone maketh the highest water At Horne Enckhuysen and at Urck a north south moone Betwixt Cripple-sand and the Creyl a n. by w. s and by e. moone Upon the Frieze and Wieringer flat a n.w. and s e moone In the Flye Amelandgat a southeast n.w. moon maketh high water before the Flye the flood falleth to the eastwards thwart over the grounds almost untill halfe flood before it setteth into Boomkens gat Likewise the Ebbe to the contrary falleth to the westwards thwart over the grounds almost untill half Ebbe before it setteth right out at the channell The afterflood turneth about with the fore ebbe and fall alongst Flyeland out at Stortemelck but the foreflood runneth right into Stortemelck Of the depths about these places and in what depths men may see the land The Islands Flyeland the Schelling and Tessel men may see in 15 and 16 fathom Thwart of the Schelling the ground is white sand The steep grounds or Petersand and Born-riffe are very steepe on the off side close by them it is 12 or 13 fathom deepe Ameland men may see in 12 fathom the depth of 13 and 14 fathom runneth farr off to seawards so that men cannot see it in 15 fathom Courses and Distances From the Flye to the Naes n. by e. a little easterly about 85 leagues From the Flye unto the Riffe in 16 fathom n. and by e. 66 or 67 leagues From Flye to Boevenbergen the course is n.n.e. or a little more easterly about 69 leagues From the Flye to Rinkopper or Numer-deep n.n.e. or a little more easterly about 58 leagues From the Flye to the Island Silt on the coast of Iutland the course is northeast 46 leagues From Born-riffe to the Naes the course is north or a little more easterly 82 leagues From Born-riffe to Holy Land northeast and by east 30 leagues From Born-riffe to Wrangher-oogh eastnortheast 27 leagues From Born-riffe to the Wester-Eems 12 leagues Peter-sand or the steepe grounds Born-riffe lye n.e. and by e. and southwest and by west foure leagues asunder From the Flye to the n.e. end of the Broad fourteens the course is w.n.w. 8 leagues From the Flye to Tinmouth or Newcastle westnorthwest 88
leagues From the Flye to Hitland the course is n.w. by north somewhat northerly 156 leagues From the Flye to Fairehill northwest by north about 151 leagues From the Flye to Scuytenes the course is north by w. somewhat northerly 106 leagues How these Lands doe shew themselves at sea Thus sheweth the Schelling when you saile alongst by it about two leagues from the Land Thus sheweth Flyeland when you are two leagues thwart off from it Ameland sheweth it selfe thus when you are two leagues thwart off from it The second Demonstration Where in The Scholbalgh Lauwers both the Eemses the Weser the Elve the Eyder and other channels of the Sea betweene them SChiermonck-oogh Schiermonck-oogh lyeth from the east end of Ameland east somewhat northerly 3 leagues it is a little low plaine Island about 2 leagues long there standeth no speciall thing upon it to bee knowne but upon the west end two capes with a white sand-hill otherwise it is all with lowe blackish sand-hils or hommocks but higher then upon the east end and mingled with white the east end is a long flat strand with little low rough sand-hills When you bring the two capes upon the west end one in the other and runne so in you shall finde the outermost buye which lyeth without the channell at sea in 7 fathom or there abouts Sometimes there lye two and sometimes three buyes in the channell which you must leave on the starboardside and runne alongst to the eastwards of them being come within the channell you shall find also beacons on the w. shoare which you must follow all along untill you come to Ostmerhorn where you may anchor The lying in and depths of that channell do alter and shift oftentimes and sometimes much within a short time so that there is no certaintie to be written off it where unto men might trust Foure leagues to the eastwards of Schiermonckoogh lyeth the Island Rottum Rottum and betwixt them the little Island the Bosch A few yeares past through setting off spyrie grasse or heath there was grown two or three handsome sand-hils but are now againe altogether blowne away and altered into a plaine flat strande which the sea at high flouds doth altogether runne over Betwixt these Islands the Bosch Schiermonckoogh was wont to goe in a channell of indifferent depth called the Lawers which is now most cast too by the foresayd strand of the Bosch which is grown in all alongst unto the oogh so that there is no more remaining then a narrow shoale creek To the eastwards of the Bosch goeth in the Schille also an altering uncertain channell which is sometimes deepe and sometimes againe shoale and the channell shifteth too and againe so that there is no certaintie to be written of it whereunto men might trust The Island Rottum is a little Island about a league half long and very easy to be knowne the west end is high and steep the rest is low land with some little sand-hills Upon the east end stand two capes the greatest or the runner standeth upon the e. end upon the flat strand the smallest on the south side of the sand-hill There stand also two houses upon it the one upon the west end the other in the middst of the Island in a valley Borckum Borckum is also an Island easy to be knowne two great leagues long it ariseth commonly when you come in out of the sea in three parts as if it were three Islands when you come from the westwards it sheweth it self in foure parts for with high flouds the water runneth through in 3 places The Wor. Counsell of Embden hath caused to be set upon the west end a high thick steeple which men may see far off at sea on the west side of that steeple standeth a little low church From the west end of Borckum shooteth off a riffe a great wayes into sea called Burckum riffe To the southwards of it to witt betwixt Borckum Rottum goeth in the wester-Eems which is the verie best channell that lyeth in all this coast The Old or westerne Eems Bring the Capes upon Rottum together and they shall then stand southeast and somewhat more easterly if you come out of the sea sayle resolutely upon them then shall you find the outermost Buy then shall you have the Tower of Borckum e. and more southerly from you the west end of Rottum southeast by south lyes upon the tayle of Geltsacks plate Geltsacks-plate there is a white buy with a little flagge lyeth upon 6 fathom with low water and is marked in the Card with the letter a. From the first to the second the course is southeast by south is marked with letter b and is the first black buy upon 7 fathom on the south shoare let this buy in your sayling in lye on your starboard and the white on your larboard then have you from this foresayd black buy the tower upon Borckum east the Capes upon Rottum southeast by e. from you from the first black buy to the second third and fourth buy marked with the letters c d e your course is east and by south Comming from the w. neere the Lauwers or Bossandt keepe the stroake of the shoare upon 5 fathom till you are past it sayle then freely eastwards on so shall you run within through Geltsack plate in five foure and three fathom afterwards on eight fathom and soo come by the fourth blacke buy which lyeth in foure fathom Pascaarte vande EEMSEN Al 's de oude ofte wester Eems en de ooster Eems Pascaarte van't VLIE Al 's mede een gedeelt van't Amelander gat PascaerteVande EEMS ELVE Weser Eyder en de Hever al 's mede hoe die selvighe gaten van Heylighe landt gelegen syn The Borckummer riffe Borckummer riffe commeth on from without and is flatt on the end when as the Capes upon Rottum stand southeast off then come you over the riffe and shall come upon the tayle of the riff with low water with lesse then 7 dutch ells depth of water for it is flatte and broad on the inner side it is very high and steep and shootes with a brest inwards but you may cast your lead well upon it From the fourth buy till within the bending of Rottum the course is eastsoutheast is marked with f and lyeth upon 7 fathom from this to the buy upon the high plate and is the sixth buy marked with g and lyeth upon 7 fathom as also to the Huyberts buy h the course is east and by south when the Cape upon the south-side and the tower come together they stand southsouthwest from one another so are you even with the outtermost Huyberts buy goe then eastsoutheast on to the innermost Huyberts buy marked with i which lyeth also even as the first Huyberts buy in 6 fathom upon the west side of these buyes you have Huyberts plate which is now devided from
the north in east Friesland stand two towers one by another of which the one is stumpy and greate and the other low and small when these towers come with the north end of Bandt a little Island upon the WATT even one with another then have you the Buy upon Conings plate they are good longst Marks and when Iuyster tower commeth northnortheast from you they are good thwart Marks of the same buy From the buy upon the Conings plate to the buy upon the Westernbalgh the course is southeast till you get the two Capes upon Bandt together that is the buy southsouthwest from you from the first buy upon the westernbalgh to the second the course is southwest even as the whole westernbalgh is you shall not misse if you keepe both the Capes upon Bandt together to run out of the balgh but at last a little more westerly From the balgh beacon to the beacon upon Eems-horn the course is south and north to sayle through the channell from these beacons forth to the Knock the course is southsoutheast from thence to Loegen east About a half league within Juyst betwixt the beacon upon the High Horne and the buye upon Kings-plate on the east side of the Easter Eems lyeth Memerbalgh Memerbalgh Jt lyeth in most north that is a good road for small shipps that are bound to the westwards or out into sea Within the balgh he that runneth in by the High Horne shall finde good road for small ships that are bound to the eastwards which lyeth in south Comming from the eastwards you may sound Iuyst riff which is flat on the off side without in the point of the riffe is a shoare or Deadbalgh with 2 points betwixt them it is 3 fathom and an half deepe A southsoutheast and a northnorthwest moone maketh without in the Easter Eems the highest water To the east of Iuyst lyeth Buys the shortest and smallest Island that is upon all this coast It riseth up in two Hommocks where of the one Hommock which is the most easterly is the highest and sharpest Betwixt Iuyst Buys goeth in the Buysdeepe Buysdeep the Wor. Counsell of Embden was wont to set it with buyes but it is done no more in regard it doth so oftentimes shift Two great leagues to the eastwards of Iuyst lyeth Norderny Norderny betwixt them both lyeth that little Island Buys Norderny is to be known by a broad flat tower which standeth upon the west end but sometimes men can hardly perceive it About the midst of the Island nearest the east end lyeth a high white sand-hill thereby it is best to be known Further the land is all full of Hommocks Betwixt Norderny and Buys goeth in a channell called the Norder-deepe or Norderny A great league to the eastwards of Norderny lyeth the Island Baltrum â—â—ltrum which is about two leagues long a little shorter then Norderny Upon this Island standeth no speciall thing whereby men may know it but upon the east end a high sand-hill which is sharp above the west end is low sand-hills When the foresayd high sand-hill is southeast and by east from you then it is round to see to Upon the west end there goeth a swamp through Betwixt Baltrum and Norderny runneth in a channell called the Whichterie Whichtery there is no certainty to be written of it that men may trust to sometimes there is 2 fathom water more sometimes no more then 4 or 5 foote The Island Langeroogh lyeth a league to the eastwards of Baltrum which is soure great leagues long and hath on the off-side a faire strand three or four sand-hilles where by men may know it which lye from about the middest of the Island unto the west end a good wayes one from the other the tops of them are plaine and slat Betwixt Langeroogh and Baltrum goeth in the Acumy Acumy wherein lye 2 buyes It is no channell for great shipps it lyeth out alongst by the foote strand of Langeroogh first northeast then somewhat more easterly but it is not to be trusted to because it altereth and shifteth very often Betwixt Langeroogh and Wrangeroogh lyeth the Island Spyckeroogh â—â—â—â—â—erâ—â—gh which is about a league long At the e. end there was wont to lye a little Island easy to be known called Luttick Spyckeroogh which is now altogether gone Upon Spyckeroogh standeth nothing whereby men might know it but it is a black land with Hommocks Nobbes like to the other Islands Betwixt Spyckeroogh and Langeroogh goeth in the Oxebalgh Oxebalgh Wrangeroogh Wrangeroogh lyeth two great leagues to the eastwards of Langeroogh which is a great league long being a little plaine white Island Upon the east end lye high broad white sand-hills Upon the west end the â—arle of Oldenbourgh hath caused to be made a great thick tower with 2 spires when they stand one right in the other then you are by the outer buy of the Weser the aforesayd tower men may see two kennings off at sea Betwixt Wrangeroogh and Spyckeroogh goeth in the Harrel The Harrel about southsoutheast but it is not to be trusted because it shifteth very often The Acumy and Harrell are set both with buyes by the Wor. Counsell of Embden These channell serve not but for small ships like as all the other lying betwixt the eastern Eems and the Weser The Land lyeth from Bornriffe to Wrangeroogh eastnortheast and westsouthwest 29 or some will have it 30 leagues For to sayl into the Iade or Western Weser with a southerly winde runne to the strand of Wrangeroogh in foure fathom with a westerly winde runne no further then five fathom and lead it in so by the strand of Wrangeroogh in 4 or five fathom untill you come a good wayes within or to the end of foote strand of Wrangeroogh there you shall finde the first buye in 5 fathom at low water Menserchurch shall then stand south from you Thwart of this first buye the redde sand is very steepe which you must leave on the larboard side and the buye on the starboard side when you come in Thwart of this first buye commeth a tayle shooting off from the south shoare that is the innermost point of the Stonebalgh which men might at unawares sail within in three fathom and an halfe or foure fathom the first buye is laid upon the point of this tayle The Stonebalgh goeth in to the eastwards of Wrangheroogh the south side where of is steep but the north side flat which men may sound In this Balgh it is ten foot deepe at low water From the first buye to the second and alongst to the third the course is east the second buy lyeth in two fathom and an half The third that is the Jade buye lyeth in three fathom upon the shoalest of the High-waye It is very uneven betwixt the first and the third buye you shall get wise depth of five or six fathom and then again
two fathom or two fathom and an half For to sayle from the Iade to the Weser then sayle by the third buy over the shoalest of the High way on eastnortheast to the Mellembuye and you shall finde at low water upon the foresayd shoalest place or by the third buy no more water then nine or tenne foote and being over there you shall get againe deeper water and then you are in the Weser Reckon well your tydes for the ebbe falleth very strong northnorthwest out at the Iade and the flood to the contrarie very hard inwards so that you can hardly stemme the tyde when the weather is somewhat calme whereof you must be very carefull For to sayle up into the Iade leave the foresayd third buye on the larboard side and go from thence most south up unto the poynt of the Dyke called Hormerscheel when you are come by the Dyke there the Iadeis wide and broade without the foresayd Dyke standeth a beacon or two for shipps that are bound over the Wadt If you will sayle further up into the Iade then keep the west shoare untill you come thwart of the church without a steeple which standeth by the Dyke there you must leave the west shoare because of the Aentâ—n or Ieppe plate which shooteth off from the Veer alongst the west shoare and sometimes lyeth drye at low Water The west shoare lyeth most southeast somewhat southerly A south and north moon maketh the highest water upon the Jade and it floweth with an ordinary tyde a fathom and an half up and downe The Weser For to saile up the Weser come no nearer Wrangeroogh then seven fathom being in seven fathom then edge off from the shoare into 11 fathom and you shall there finde the first buye at the comming into the Weser lying in seven fathom upon the taile of the Redsand Menser Church that is a flat Church without a steeple in Vroukens land is then southsoutheast from you Being thwart of the first buye and that the west end of Wrangeroogh is southsouthwest from you then you runne over the taile of the Red-sand in five fathom From the outtermost buy to the second third fourth fifth the course is due east which lye all in 7 fathom the south side to wit the Red-sand nearest each a point different from Menser church so that Menser church lyeth from the second south and by east from the third south from the fourth south and by west and from the fifth southsouthwest The fifth buy is called the buy upon the Head for to know that from all the other buyes there standeth a staffe upon it of a halfe fathom long With a white knotte upon it Over against the buye upon the Head lyeth a white buye on the white grounds Betwixt all the foresayd buyes you must reckon wel your tydes the floud commeth out of the north west and falleth alongst over the Red-sand and the ebbe to the contrary The right deep thwart of these foresaid buyes in the comming in is eleven fathom but thwart of the buye upon the Head five fathom at low water Right before the We lyeth the Middle-plate Middle plate the Eastermost or the Innâ—â—side beginneth right to the northwards of the buye upon the Head by the white grounds lyeth alongst the reach of the third buye to reckon from without and is on both sides flat for to sounde about On the west side of the foresaid plate lyeth a white buy about from Menser Church which you must leave in comming in on the larboard-side For to sail from the buye upon the Head out again to the eastwards of this plate unto the Elve Then sound it out about the white grounds in 4 or 5 fathom untill you be out in the sea For to saile further up into the Weser the course from the buye upon the Head unto the sixth buye is southeast northwest Menser Church shall then lie from you southwest and by south the Weser is thwart of it about 20 fathom deep From the sixth buye to the seventh that is the buye upon the Cours or the Wapperbuye or the southwest buye because Menset Church lyeth southwest off from it the course is southeast The Jade buy lyeth about south or south by west from this buye From the buye upon the Cours unto the Mellem buye the course is yet southeast which you might sail within ar unawares in sixe fathom Menser Church lyeth off from it southwest and by west From the Mellem buye to the buye upon Bollenziele the course is southeast somewhat easterlie you must reckon your tides there verie well because the floude falleth exceeding hard into the west shoare Langworder church lyeth right south by east from that buye upon Bollenziele Buye upon Bollenziele over against it upon the point of the blackgrounds lyeth a white buye come no nearer to it at half floud then four fathome and an half you might unawares sail within that point in sayling in in four fathom From the buye upon Bollenziele to the beakon upon Bollenziele the course is southsoutheast or southeast by south Langworder church lyeth about south from that beakon you must leave it on the starboard side comming in within that beakon upon Bollenziele is a good roade for a westerly winde From the beakons upon Bollenziele to the first buye upon the flat the course is southeast till you come somewhat beneath the beakon then alongst eastsoutheast The marks of the first buye upon the Flat is when you can see through the belholes of Langworder steeple then you are thwart of the first buye Langworder Church is then from you somewhat more southerly then southsouthwest From the first buye upon the Flat to the second the course is eastsoutheast Betwixt these two buyes stande five beakons on the larboard side upon the black grounds From the second buye upon the flatt to the Meyland the course is southeast and by south Being come thwart of Wadnis or the Meyland sayl then close along by the green shoare untill you come within Blixem there is the roade for great ships that are bound to sea Like as upon the Iade so also upon the Weser a south north moon maketh the highest water it floweth there also 2 fathom and a half up and downe To the eastwards of the Weser lye the south grounds South grounds of the Elve there go in 2 faire deep Balghs or Creeks of 10 12 13 fathom The Til called also Broadbalgh is the westermost and lyeth so far to the westwards that men can but even see the New-worke from thence If it should happen that comming to the eastwards of the Weser you should be beset upon the souther grounds being a lest shoare be in danger then saile to the south grounds in 4 or 5 and 6 fathom but not much nearer also for they are somewhat steepe When you running so along by these grounds upon the same course shall get 8 9 yea 10
the wester Till or Souther-Broad-Balgh which runneth up to the southwards into the grounds to nothing When you come from the westwards and saile to the Elve you shall finde betwixt Holyland and the Weser and thereabouts somewhat to the eastwards depth of twenty fathom untill that you come well halfe wayes to Holyland toward the Steenebuye then it doth begin to shoale from eighteene to sixteene and fourteene fathom close by the Steep buye it is twelve fathom deep If you come by night alongst by the steepe or southergrounds with a southerly winde in twelve or thirteene fathom and goe on east and by north you shall at last meet with the shoaling of the New-workes-grounds right to the northwards of the Hondt-balgh in eight and seven fathom there you must then let fall your anchor for to stay for the day and you shall finde your self not farre from the buye With northerly windes you must anchor further from the south shoare in the foresayd shoaling in eleven or twelve fathom To the northwards of the foresayd narrow tayle or shoaling which lyeth off from Vogelsand runneth in a great bight or Slenck into the norther grounds called the Norther Elve Norâ—â—â—r-Elve it is in the going in somewhat within so broad that you may there in turne to winde-wardes but within it runneth narrow and sharp too and at last to nothing ending allmost against the whitebuye which lyeth upon the Elve upon the tayle of the New-grounds it is going in more then halfe wayes thirteen and twelve fathom deepe and soft ground very much like the right Elve It happeneth oftentimes by darke wether that the shippers thinking that they are entred into the right Elve runne in there sometimes with danger especially with westnorthwest windes for they must come out there back againe When you sayl off from Holyland on eastsoutheast you shall have depth of twelve or thirteene fathom being a league off from it that you leese the white cliffe out of your sight then you shall get one eve depth of thirteene fathom and soft ground all alongst untill you come within the foresayd north Elve When you shall perceive that you are entred in there you may when the New-worke is more southerly then southeast and by south from you run alongst over the taile of Vogelsand in five fathom and so come against the Steep-buye upon the right Elve For to set sayle by night from the road of Holyland the course is southeast and by east then you shall run over the foresayd tayle of Vogelsand in seven and eight fathom and somewhat hard sandy ground If you then run a little more southerly you shall get againe twelve and thirteene fathom and somewhat soft ground that is the right deep or channell of the Elve betwixt Vogelsand and the steep-grounds If you runne then more southerly you shall get againe somewhat hard ground of the souther grounds which are as hath beene here be foresayd very steep and hard when you come neare them in twelve or eleven fathom you must edge off againe from them unto twelve or thirteene fathom and alongst by them towards the steepe-buye unto the foresayd shoaling of the New-workes grounds and there stay for the day light When you come by day from Holy-land or from the westwards and that you get New-worke in sight of you bring that and the Cape one in the other and sayle so right in with them then you shall finde the steepe-buye which lyeth as hath beene already sayd towards the south land on the side of the Schorhorne the outtermost poynt of the New-grounds in ten or eleven fathom From the Steep-buye to the Kool-buye that is the second buye the course is due east which lyeth in eight fathom Upon the New-work stand three country mens houses the middlemost of them and the steeple of the New-worke come one in the other when you come to the second buye The third buy lyeth in six fathom from the Kool-buye east and by north somewhat easterly but nearest east and by north The fourth lyeth in five fathom from the third east and by north Betwixt these buyes a little within the third runs a deepe Creeke eastsoutheast into the New-workes-grounds called the Kinder-balgh Kinder-balgh which is wide at the entring in and at halfe flood well nine fathom deepe but runneth at length altogether drye to nothing Hee that commeth running alongst by the south-grounds might lightly get in there therefore the third buye lyeth a little further off from the south shoare because men should avoyd that Creeke Betwixt the third and fourth buy on the north side of the deep lyeth a white buye in three fathom upon the tayle of the New-ground New-Grounds which men might saile within when they come inwards that you must leave on larboard side and all the blacke buyes on the starboard side The foresayd white buye and the New-worke lye northnortheast and southsouthwest one from the other to the eastwards of it the north side is very steepe The fifth buye lyeth in 3 fathom and a halfe or 4 fathom and lyeth from the fourth full east The sixth buye that is the poynt buy lyeth in six fathom from the fourth and fifth due east In the right deep to the northwards of these foresayd black buyes from the Kool-buy to the point buye in the right fareway it is all alongst six and seven fathom deep From the poynt buye to the buye in the Rosse the course is southeast which lyeth in seven or eight fathom when the Ros beakon commeth to the little steeple of Gron or Groen then you are thwart of this buye Halfe waies betwixt the poynt buye and the buye in the Rosse lyeth yet another buye on the south side which is there betwixt them both exceeding steepe and needle too Right east southeast from the poynt buye over against the buye in the Rosse somewhat further inwards lyeth a white buye upon the tayle of Romaerl plate which men might at unawares sayle within in foure or five fathom when they saile upwards When the little sharpe steeple of Woord commeth to the westwards of Oldenbroek that is a church with two spires upon one steeple then they are south from you from thence inwards you may sound Romaerl plate in six fathom without danger otherwise it is on the off-side very steepe From the Ros beakon to Bruns buttell are fivâ— leagues betwixt the buye in the Rosse and the buye upon Romaerl plate begins a sand lying right in the middest alongst the fareway about two leagues long called Pilgroms-sand upon it is alongst no more then two fathom water or a little more upon it lie three black buyes and over against it on the north side two white buyes you must saile through betwixt them alongst to the northwards of that sand being past it you shall come upon the flat There lye yet two buyes which you must leave also on the starboard side in sayling up before you come to Bruns
runne in about by the Court upon the lead untill you come within the sands Balsy Balsy hath a high flatt steeple lyeth somwhat within the land behind the cliff when as you come from the northwards you may see Balsy to the northwards or the westwardes of the cliffe but you sayle it altogether behinde the cliffe so that at last it commeth out againe to the southwardes of it For to sail into Harwich If you will saile to Harwich being past Balsy then bring Balsy to that steep-poynt to the southwardes of Balsy where trees stande upon keep these markes so standing and runne so alongst by the shoare untill that you be over the poynt of the Chindle the markes thereof are two high trees within the land when they are about northnorthwest from you then they come one in the other with the steeple of Harwich and then you are right over the poynt of the Chindle and then you shall gett deeper water to witt soure and five fathom or somewhat more against the highest water Runne in then about by the point the channell lieth in right north but in the midst of the havens mouth lies a suncken rockie stonie ground which you must avoide you may saile in about it on both sides by the one shoare or the other but alongst by the east shoare it is best being within it you cannot sayle amisse or take hurt if you do not saile bluntly against the shoare there you may anchor al over where you please before the towne in five sixe and seven fathom You may well also goe further into the bight there it is clean everie where The farewaye betwixt Ordfornes or Whitingsand and the Naes lyeth most southwest and by south is six seven eight fathom deepe in turning to windewards you may run to the shoare in 5 and 4 fathom but close to the sands it is deeper to witt eight nine and ten fathom the nearer the sands the deeper water But for to sayle from Balsy to the Naze The Naze you must marke the steeple of Balsy when it commeth within a capstane barres length neere to the south end of the cliffe then keep them so standing so long untill that the house upon the Naze come over the two fields which lye on against the Highland or come over a black head upon the sea side saile then right in with them untill that the steeple of Harwich come to be northnorthwest from you in the little valley off a redd cliffe leave then the first markes keepe the steeple of Harwich in that little valleye and goe on southsoutheast untill that the third poynt of the Naze come without the 2 other poyntes so you shall run through betwixt the Naze the course there remaineth at lowe water no more then eight tenne and at same places twelve foot water therefore it is not good to runne through here unlesse that it be a quarter floud or with a shippe of great draught at halfe floude there it is verie uneven grounde rockie and stonie The poynt of the Naze is vere stonie soule and uneven the nearer the shoare thwart of that poynt the shoaler but the nearer the Sands the deeper When that the third poynt of the Naze commeth without the two other poynts or the other land and that it doth againe beginne to deepen off to witt 4 or five fathom then go southwest somewhat southerly or southwestand by south unto the buye upon Longsand Longsand Thwart of the Naze is Longsand verie steepe so that it cannot be well sounded with the lead by them that are not there verie well acquainted but somehwat more to the southwards you may run alongst by it in four fathom and three fathom a halfe untill that you get the buye upon Longsand in sight of you The north shoare to the southwards off the Naze is also flat you may runne alongst by it also upon the lead without any daunger The buye upon Longsand lyeth in 2 fathom and a half at half floud you must leave it on the larboard side and the Buye upon the Spits Buyes upon Longsand and the Spits on the starboard side which lyeth a little shoaler they lye about south and by east and north by west a musket shot one from the other The course betwixt the two buyes is southsoutheast northnorthwest but you must reckon well your tide whether you run through there with a floude or with an ebbe Upon the Spits The Spits betwixt the two buyes is at halfe floud at least three fathom and an halfe or almost four fathom in the right channell a little to the southwardes of the buy upon the Spits stand two masts above water of a lost shipp which are good markes Being over the Spits the course to Whitakers beakon Whitakers beakon is southsouthwest About halfe wayes betwixt them stand also 2 mastes more on the same w. side over against these masts lyeth a middle plate whereupon lyeth a buye on the w. side the fareway is alongst to the westwards of this Middle-plate through betwixt that foresayd buye and the mastes To the northwards of that foresayd Middle plate Middle-plate goeth out a channell by the south side of Longsand which you may saile out and in called the Kings-deepe If you come from Whitakers beacon past the Middle-plate so far that you get sight of the buyes of Longsand or Spits goe then boldly eastnortheast and northeast by east into sea or upon the lead alongst by Longsand but if you should runne into sea to the southwards of the Middle-plate you should with an eastnortheast waye fall within the hooke of the Mouse This Kings-deepe Kinghs-deepe is a readie channell and is used almost by all shippes for to runne out at For to sail into the Kings deep For to runne in at this channell out of the sea then bring the poynte of the Naze northwest from you and saile in so with it untill that you come neare Goemfliet or Longsand in five fathom goe in then alongst by it about westsouthwest and southwest and by west and keepe the sounding of Longsand and so you shall not fayle to runne in sight of the buy upon the Spitts and the foresaid masts to the of it From Whitakers beacon to the Shoebeacon the cours is southsouthwest somewhat westerly comming thwarte of the Shoebeakon then lyeth the east poynt of Seppie about south from you From the Shoebeakon Soebeakon the course is alongst southwest to the poynt of Black-tayle there runneth off a Hooke which men might saile within comming from the northwards but if you keepe from the shoare in 7 fathom you cannot take hurt of it but in five fathom you runne within it The like Hooke is also a little to the southwards of the Shoebeakon which you might unawares saile within comming from the southwardes From Blacktayle Blacktaile to the beacon upon the Nore the course is
finde betwixt Elleknock and the poynt of Longsand five fathom depth being past Elleknock it will be eight nine and ten fathom deep If you will sayle out of the sea into Boston deepe and not alongst by the land as is before sayd then bring the foresayd trees a handspikes length without the point of Lagernesse which shall then stand from you about westsouthwest sayle in so right with them untill that the high land within Lagernesse or Winfleet begin to come even without the poynt of Lagernesse which shall then be from you somewhat more northerly then west then you are within the point of Longsand Or else there stand three little houses on the sea side about halfe wayes betwixt Lagernesse Ingoldmils when they come to be northwest from you those foresayd trees without the poynt then you are also within the poynt of Longsand goe in then southwest betwixt Elleknock and Longsand as aforesayd Alittle past Lagernesse lyeth a shoale or plate about the middest in the fareway but nearest Longsand when the trees upon the poynt to the southwards of Winfleet come in the second valley of the high land within Winfleet then you are right thwart of this shoale edge therefor to one side or other rather towards the shoale there is widest keepe boldly the sounding of the shoale run southwest alongst by it untill that the steeple of Boston come over the steeple of Butterwyke Butterwyke that is also a flat steeple but smaller then that of Boston standing in a wood of trees thwart of it runneth the shoale somewhat off with a poynt being past it goe on westsouthwest all alongst by the foresayd showld untill that the great steeple of Boston come over the second mill there it is good anchoring by the west shoare in five fathom at low water He that commeth there at low water must anchor and stay for the tyde untill halfe floud before that you may not sail further in from thence and then you shall not also find more then two fathom upon the shoalest From thence the Deep lyeth in alongst by the beakons about south to the third beakon being past that westsouthwest and then by little and little more westerly northerly but run all alongst by the beakons leaving them on the starboard side at last on north into the River Upon the poynt of the river standeth a house which is a sheephouse before that you come by it it seemeth as if there were no opening by reason that it is al even green land run in by it all alongst by the land being past it the River doth open it self Being come within the poynts you must run in betwixt two dikes a league up untill you come before the towne in the river it is at half floud everie where deep enough When as that you come a little within the houses of the towne on the larboardside there you must let fall your anchor and stay untill that the water begin to fall then you shall have floud enough for to drive to the Kay there you make fast with one cable it doth not begin to bee ebbe there before that water be fallen three foot An east and west Moone maketh in Boston deepe the highest water but before the towne an east and by south and eastsoutheast moone He that commeth from Boston and will sayle out at the deep with a high water let him look out for the foresayd high land within Lagernes when that commeth behinde the poynt of Lagernes then he may boldly set his course whether he desireth to be either to the eastwards northeastwards or northwards there is nothing then that can hurt him From Lagernesse to the Hommer it is about seven leagues most north betwixt them both about a league to the southwards of the Hommer lyeth a place called Saltfleet haven Plate by Saltfleet haven a little to the northwards of a sharpe steeple called Wilgrip Thwart of that foresayd Saltfleet haven about an English mile from the shoare lyeth a banck or Sandplate not verie great which at low water falleth almost drye you must runne about without it leave it lying towards the land from you but yet for need you may also sayl through within it For to sayle into the Humber For to sail into the Humber comming from the northwards you must sayle alongst by the shoare and runne about by the n. poynt but comming by the poynt you must keepe somewhat off from the shoare in 4 or 5 fathom for to avoyd a little taile which lyeth off from the poynt being about it runne to the little Island which lyeth a little by west that foresayd north poynt If comming from the southwards you desire to sayle to the Humber then bring the Pawle Steeple which is a high sharpe steeple standing on the North side of the Humber a little by south the North poynt of the Humber or over that foresayd little Island and sayle so right in with it untill that you come by that little Island being come by it leave it on the starboard side and run in close by it for to avoyd a great Sand called the Bul which lyeth off from the South shoare almost unto that little Island When that you come within that little Island then bring the two beakons which stand upon that little Island one in the other keepe them so standing Road before Grimsby sayle so on to the westwards towards Grimsby you leave the Buye upon the Bull lying then on the larboard side run along to the northwards of it In this faireway it is seven and eight fathom deepe You may not come neerer the Bull then in sixe fathome Before Grimsby you may anchor in three or foure fathome at lowe water it floweth there at least three fathom up down a westsouthwest eastnortheast Moone maketh before the Humber the highest water Within the foresayd Island at the north poynt of the Humber you may anchor in three or foure fathom There lye commonly Ships that are bound out and tarrie for the Wind. From Grimsby in alongst to Hull the course is west northwest to the end of the Banck or ballast Plate which you must leave lying on the north side On the south side lyeth also a little plate there standeth commonly a Beakon upon it that you must leave on the Larboard side run along to the Northwards of it being past it you may run alongst by the South shoare in 3 fathom The fareway there is foure five and sixe and thwart of the foresayd Beakon eight and tenne fathom When you come to the end of the Banke you must edge up to the Westwards about by the poynt on the South side but there runneth off a Flat which you must avoid Being a little about that poynt you shall see the Towne of Hull lye before you there you may anchor before it in sixe seven or eight fathom An east and west Moon maketh full sea before Hull He
northeast from you two leagues it sheweth thus In this forme sheweth the land a little to the westwards of Eastergore when that point is a great league west from you there it is four and twentie and five and twentie fathom deep soft ground Eastergore being a league west from you sheweth thus there it is five and twentie fathom deepe FINIS The second part THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE LIGHTNING-COLVMNE OR SEA MIRROUR WHEREIN Is contained the Description of the Sea-Coasts of Holland Sealand and Flanders from Tessell to the Heads Furnished with all the needfull Seacards sights of Land with divers changes as well in the courses distances as in the heights and purged from many faults Gathered together from the experience of divers Famous Seamen and lovers off Navigation never before brought to light By IOHN van LOON Practicioner in the Sciences of Astronomy Geometry and the Mathematiques IN AMSTERDAM Printed by Iohn Iohnson dwelling at the Signe of the Passe-card 1654. Pascaarte van de NOORT ZEE Vertonende van Caliz tot Dronten al 's oock tusschen Doeveren en Hitlandt The second part of the New LIGHTNING COLUMNE OR SEA MIRROUR THE FIRST BOOKE Of the WESTERNE NAVIGATION Containing The description of the Sea-Coasts of Holland Zealand and Flanders from Tessell to the Heads of Dover and Calice The first demonstration Where in Are delineated the Tessel-streame and the Channell of the same WHEN you saile from Amsterdam to the Fall of Vrck you must keep the middle of the channell in sailing to Tyoort from thence over Pampus Pampus with a shipp of great draught that draweth tenne foot or more keepe Marken church without to the land of Udam called Schyteldoecks-haven soo long untill that the steeple of Zuyderwouw come past Kinnigherbeurt which are the houses half way betwixt Schyteldoecks-haven Durgerdam goe then towards the land east untill that the New church of Amsterdam come about Durgerdam keepe that soo standing untill that the church of Weesp be come past the House or Castle at Muyen so that it do stand somwhat nearer to Muyen then to the House keepe Weesp standing soo untill that Edam come without the east end of Marken In this fare waie it is a foote deeper then if you sailed right through For to avoyde Muyen sand men were wont to bring the houses which were wont to stand upon Tyoort to the southwards of the Heyliger-stee at Amsterdam thereby you may make some reckoning they are good longst markes when Monnickedam is about the west end of Schyteldoecks-haven and the house at Muyen betwixt Weesp and the church at Muyen then are you thwart of Muyen sand For to saile right through over Pampus then keepe the steeple of Diemen over or about the point of Tyoort so long as you can see Tyoort that is a right longst marke for to saile over Pampus When you are come thwart of the east end of Marken goe then on northeast or somewhat more eastwardly towards the Fall of Urck which is seven leagues when you are come with in a great league of Urck you shall meete with a hard sand called the Houtribbe The houtribbe lying southeast and northwest thwart over the Fare waie there is no more water upon it then upon the Flat of Wieringen or of Freesland you shall finde also no deeper water there then eight through When Enckhuysen lyeth northwest and northwest and by west from you then you are upon the Hout-ribbe Before that you come against the sand you can by night see the fire upon Urck. When that Urck or the fire is more northerly then northeast from you and that you get shoaling then that is certainly of the Houtribbe for so you cannot come too neare the EnckhnyseÌ„ sand When you come from the southwards you are not about the EnckhuyseÌ„ sand before that the church upon Urck come without the little village of houses which is then east by south and east southeast from you if that then you goe afâ—ay n. w. and by w. or w. n. w. you shall runne close alongst by the side of the sand With a ship of great draught bring the church a good way through the houses untill that it stand e. s.e from you then goe bouldly on n. w. by w. or keepe Medenblick without the point of the Ven and so you shal not come too near neither to sand nor shoale Likewise if you come from the northwards bring Urck not more eastwardly then e. s.e from you then you cannot take hurt also of the Enckhuysen sand Marks of Enckhuysen sand From Urck to the buyes upon the Cripple Hofstede the course is n. w. by w. with that course you may runne all alongst unto the souther buye upon Wieringhen Flat in turning to windwards you may well bring Medenblick a little within the point of the Ven but when as Medenblick is without it then you are in the right fare way Betwixt Urc and the buye upon the Hofstede northeast somewhat eastwardly from the steeple of EnckhuyseÌ„ lyeth a little plate of hard sand lying towards the end of Enckhuysen sand which is not deeper then the Frees Flat about to the eastwards of it is the deepest water but about to the westwards of it by some called the Kattegat you shall be sooner about the High horne or the Enckhuysen sand and it is good for ships that draw but little water The thwart markes of the buyes both upon the Cripple and Hofstede Marks of the buyes upon the hof-stede Cripple are Grootebroeck Hem two sharp steeples right one in the other and Warnis a little sharp steeple in Freesland to the south side of the Cliffe of Staverne then you have the length of these buyes which lye each of them in three fathome the one on the east shoare and the other on the west shoare upon the tayle of the Cripple There is in the right fare waie two foot lesse then five fathom soft ground When the steeple of Medenblick commeth to the northwards of the house of Medenblick so farr as the house is broade then you are cleare of Cripple sand and past it goe then on northwest and northwest and by north to the buye upon the Creyl according as the winde and tyde shall be the right farewaie there is deep five fathom scarce Thwart of the Creyl The Creyl in sailing out or about the Creyl in sailing in that is a little within the Creyl on the north shoar lyeth alongst the reach towards the buye upon the Hofstede a hard sand or plate called the south Creyl South-Creyl upon which there is no more then twelve foot water at low water betwixt that banck and the north shoare it is three fathom deepe and soft ground and to the southwards or the westwards of it foure fathom and a halfe When Mirnes a little flat steeple in Freesland cometh over a long countriehouse to the southwards of the clisse of
Staverne then you come right thwart of that foresaid plate The markes of the buye upon the Creyl Mark of the Creyl are the sharpe steeple of Twisch over the Cornemill to the westwards of Medenblick that little flat steeple of Mirnes to the south side or east side of the cliffe The right fareway there is four fathom an half five fathom deep soft ground the buye lyeth in four fathom if need require men may runne wel a cables length about to the eastwards of it From the Buye upon the Crippell which lyeth upon the east end off the Cripple-sand Markes of the beakon upon Cripp e-sand three fathom unto the Beakon upon Cripple-sand the course is northwest and by west and northwest When Lutkebrooke a small spire steeple commeth to Hem which is also a spire steeple then are you thwart of that beakon From the Beakon upon the Crippel unto the souther buye upon Wieringher flat the course is northwest and by west or westnorthwest according as the wind and tyde shall serve it lyeth at high water with an ordinary tyde in thirteene foot and a halfe Markes of the fouther buy upon the Flat the markes thereof are these Grootebrooke commeth betwixt two Hay-stacks to the eastwards of the five water-mils which stand to the eastwards of Warvers hoof that is a long marke in the s Twisch a sharpe steeple to the westward of Medenblick commeth over Almerdorp there was wont to bee a little flat steeple but it is fallen downe and therefore now not soo well to bee knowne that was a right thwart-marke Upon Wieringhen standeth a cape bring East lander steeple which is a flat steeple upon Wieringen right over the cape and sayle so right with it and you shal come right with the buy When you are at the buy Westlander Church commeth then over Cleverstee and the eight mils to the eastwards of Medenblick a little without the Towne For to finde the deepest of the flat comming from the Cripple you must bee carefull to looke out for the foresayd markes If that Twisch come first to Almerdorp before Cleverstee come to Westlander Church then you are to neare to Breesand or the grounds on the starboard side these are sure markes for to sayle over the flats when there lye no buyes Alongst to the eastwards of the buye is the deepest water If you will anchor before the Wieringer flat then come no nearer the Flat then when Twisch commeth a little to the Northwards of Opperdoes or halfe way betwixt Opperdoes and Almerdorp For to sayle from the foresayd souther buy over the Gammels to Medenblick For to fail over the Gammels to Medenblick you must bring the westermost water-mill of the eight which stand to the eastwards of Medenblick a capstone barres length without or to the eastwards of the Bulwarke of the Towne and sayle then boldly without feare right in with them untill that you come into the road where the ships commonly lye or else if you desire to goe into the Haven then sayle in right to the northerhead there is nothing that can hurt you But if you must turne to windwards over the Gammels and that your ship draweth more then eleven foot water then runne not Further over to the westwards then that the foresayd Water-mill commeth almost within or a handspikes length to the foresayd Bulwark soo that yet you may well see through betwixt them then cast about run over to the eastwards soo long untill Grootebrooke come in the five water-milles which stand to the eastwards of Warmershoof or on to the eastwards of them so you shall not doe amisse for it is there broad and wide If you desire to sayle over the Gammels to Medenblick when you come from the Flye then bring the steeple of Opperdoes over the westermost Water-mill of five which stand to the westwards of Medenblick and runne in soo right with them untill that the westermost water-mill oft eight to the eastwards of Medenblick come to stand a capstone barres length without the Bulwark as here before once already hath been sayd Having these marks thus and that it doe become darke then goe on south south and by east according as the wind and tide shal serve and you shall not doe amisse neither shall you misse the Town In this foresayd faire way there is no lesse depth then upon the Wieringher flat and all soft ground When the steeple of Twisch is over the westermost watermill except one of the five which stand to the westwards of Medenblick and Grootebroeck in the little village to thee wards of the five water-mils on the Easterdyke then are you in 13 foot from the northwest poynt of the Crippl and past the taile of the Cripple Upon these foresayd markes 13 foot lyeth a buye with three legges on the foresayd west shoare lye three drift-beakons in 12 foot and then commeth the wester-most water-mill of the eight which stand to the eastwards of Medenblick and so you shall not have lesse water then upon the Wieringer flat From the Souther-buye to the second or middle buye For to sail over the Wieringen flat the course is northwest and northwest and by north but for to find the deepest water goe first northwest so long untill that Ypels-hoofs Church come over the water-mill which is called the Bolmill and then forth n. w. and by n. When the Cornmill upon Wieringen commeth in the swamp off the Oever then you have the length of the second Buye which lyeth upon the west or the south end of a little plate called the Repell the faire way is alongst to the westwards of it there being at low water two fathom large and at high water scarce three fathom deep On the west side of the fayre way betwixt the souther-buye and the middle-buye nearest the middle-buy lyeth a hard sand called the Sow or the old Sow which on the east side is very steepe and needle to which in sayling up men might sayle within a poynt or tayle of it to the westwards of it shooteth off another tayle to the northwards a great wayes towards the Northeast buye Upon the outermost or northermost poynt called Seughoort standeth alwayes a beakon Upon Wieringer upon the Oever stand two little capes with barrels on them the one upon the North-end off the Oever and the other upon the head they are so little that you can hardly see them when you come off from the souther-buye towards the middle-buye then keepe them not one in the other for if you keepe them one in the other then you will bee very close by the south shoare and shall but even run cleare of the old Sow but keep the southermost a little to the westwards of the northermost and then you shall run alongst the right fareway and shall not take any hurt of the old Sow When you come neare the middle-buy you must leave these marks and use them then no longer
steeple it is al most one course south south east or somewhat southerly the buyes lye along the west shoare men may for need sayle alongst to the westwards of them but not farre for the west shoare is so steepe that if a great shippe should lye with the stemme against it there should be at head no more then 3 foot and by the main mast at least 3 fathom deepe but the east shoare is flat men may runne alongst by it upon their lead untill they come within the buyes The buy upon the tayle that is the innermost buy of the old slenck lyeth from the buy upon Cape and steeple south by west s s west but the Helder southeast men may sayle from the buy upon Cape and steeple rightwith the Helder without danger or to the buy upon the tayle from thence alongst by the south shoare which is also very steepe or right to the Helder according as shall be best convenient for the wind and tyde The foreftood falles very strong over the south ground to the Spaniards channell till half flood and the fore-ebbe s.s.e. till halfe ebbe The faling of the tide The Helder lyes from the buy upon the tayle e.s.e. and s.e. and by e. When you are come near the Helder run close by it so to avoyd a tayle shooting off from Geest sand which you may sayle within as you come from the sea there lyeth a Buy upon it which leave on the Larboard side Being past the Helder goe northeast or a little more easterly or alongst the Tessels side in eight or nine fathom unto the Copevaerders road The Wieringhen side is steep The Slenck In The Slenck used to lye six buyes but the sands are growne now soo high and have stopt the passage Within the sixth Buy it is wide enough to sayle in from thence right to the Helder east southeast To sayle out at the Land-deepe The Land deep run alongst within a bow-shot of the foot strand of Huysdown and about by the heads and you shall not misse the innermost Buy lying on the shoals nearest the west shoare in seventeen foot at high and 13 foot at low water that shoaly place is not above 2 ships lengths broad over it and alsoo within it it is deep enough Thwart of that Buy shooteth off a little tayle from the shoare towards the Buy therefore run close alongst by the Buy and leave it on your starboard side in sayling out Besides that Buy there lie 3 other Buyes in the Land-deep which you must leave all lying to seawards of you and so run betwixt them and the shore when you are past the 4 Buy you are past all the shoale and may sayle where you will To finde the Land-deep comming from the sea southwards you must sound the shore in four fathom and a halfe and running so by the shore you shall sayle right with the outermost buy which doue come no neare the shoare els you should saile within the taile of Arrian Bergers Creek which shooteth off from the shoare to the south sandhill Or els if you come from sea with an open winde thē keepe the great Cape upon Huysdowne over Dirckooms sandhil that is a round sandhil a litle to the south of Kyck downe bur not soo high and sayle soo in right with it you shall then meet with the outermost buy which lyeth at low Water in 4 fathom and a halfe nearest the Wester-grounds or the hakes leave it on the larboard side and run in alongst to the eastwards of it betwixt it the shore it lyeth most northeast and northeast and by north in you can take no hurt on either side if you take heed to keep you from the shoare Thwart of the Kyckdowne or comming to the southwards of it you must edge a litle from the shoare to avoyd a shoale which lyeth neare somewhat off from the shore When you come to the second buy then commeth the mill to the Northwards of Kyckdowne and at the third the mill and Cane Nels howse come one in the other which two buyes lye in 5 fathom at low water From the third to the innermost buy it is n.e. and by e run close along to the east ward of it to avoyd the foresayd little tayle of sand which thwart of it lyeth off from the shoare and then forth within a bow shot about the heads and so along by the strand of the Helder Conrerning the Mase and Goerees Gat. The Mase is at present but a wide or broad flatt having little change of depth which may bee sayled with all winds When the wind is south regard the old markes that is comming from sea before you see the Capes bring the steeple of Brill which is a stumpy steeple e. s.e south from you To sayle in to the Mase with a south wind or a little e. or southerly after you have gotten the cape bring them together and run on or if you bring the Brill steeple a spades length northwards the tower of Oostvoorn and run on you shall then first run the buy in sight lying in 3 fathom at low water From this first buy to the 2 and 3 buy wee sayle right upon the Capes The second buy lyes on 13 and the third upon 11 foote beeing there come the steeple of Goer comes a little upon the foote strand of the land of the Brill the fourth buy lyeth much alike with the third right upon the Capes though a little more southerly betweene these buyes the shallowest of the Maes is about ten foote by the fourth buy it begins to deepē with a common low water it is about eleavē foote deepe but with a southerly or s e. wind it runs shallower From thence to the fourth buy it is broad so that there wee may sayle in a reasonable depth Below the Heydyck or inmost beacon it is much narrower The fifth buy lyes distant from the fourth e. n. e and n.e. and by e. From the fourth buy to the fifth southward along the buyes in the right channell it is deep 14. 15. 16. 17 foote neare the fifth buy five fathom The sixth buy lyeth from the fifth e. and by N. in twelve foote there alongst the southward it is 5 6 fathom deepe and is called the Pitt Comming then a little beyond the sixth buy soo commeth Maeslandt sluce and Vlaerding steeple together keepe them so and run forwards soo long till you bring the old head of the Brielin the new head then you may run to the land of the Briel and so further alongst the southwall till you come before the Briel where you may anchor Now who will run higher up the Mase let them run all along the soutwall till hee is past the New sluce chuse then the Northwall From the east end of Roosenburgh there comes a tayle off which you may undersayle comming westwards If then when you are past the heads of Swartewal you bring not
the Somme through two channells from the east poynt called the East Downe lyeth off a sand thwart before the channell to the westwards off that riffe lyeth alsoo another great banck between them goeth in the Easter-channell For to sayle in there bring S. Valery a cables length to the westwards of the west poynt of the River called the Oordell and run in thereupon untill you come to the land at that foresayd west poynt and from thence close alongst by it or as soon as you get againe deeper water over the banck then turne up eastward towards the beacons From the poynt of the Oordel lyeth of to the northwards a little riffe upon the end of it lyeth a buy which you must leave on the starboard side and run in close about to the northwards of it From the point of the Oordell upwards it is set allongst with beacons you must run alongst close by them untill you come within the poynt of S. Valery where you must anchor and lye every tyde dry The sands there within do shift so often that they are not to be described for alwayes For to sayle into the western-channell For to sayle into the wester channel comming from the east or the north you must run alongst by the banks in six or seven fathom and not neerer they are so steepe that a shipp sitting fast upon them with the fore castle at the stern hath three fathom Comming towards the land at the end of the bankes you shall finde a buy Or els if you come from the west and bring Crotoye a cables length within the Oordell and sayle soo right in you shall finde the foresayd outermost buy Besides this there lye three other buyes whereof that foresayd buye on the poynt of the Oordell is the fourth the innermost You must leave them all on the starboard side towards the land and run in alongst by them to the northwards of them These channels and sands there within all untill past S. Valery Fall at low water altogether drye the buyes alsoo fall drye that men may goe by them at halfe flood with an ordinary tyde there is no more then two fathom Water it is not good to goe in there before that two third parts of the â—lood bee spent With an ordinary tyde it floweth there five and sixe fathom but with a spring-tyde seven fathom up and downe At high water and spring-tyde a man may goe over all the bankes and sands with eight or ten foot Water five leagues upwards lyeth Abbeville Thwart of the Somme it is farre off in to the sea shoale water five sixe seven eight nine and ten fathom three or foure leagues off into sea He that commeth from the west and findeth himselfe in darke and misty weather to bee in such shoaling may bee well assured not to bee farre from the Somme From the Oldman to Diep the course is southsouthwest 18 leagues but from the Somme to Diep southwest and by west eight or nine leagues About halfe way betweene the Somme and Diep lyeth the River of Heu within it on the north side lyeth Tresport Tresport being alsoo a tyde-haven where men must goe in at high water and at low water lye dry At the east side of the Haven of Diep Diep lyeth a ranck of rocks and from it lyeth a little riffe of chindle towards the north or the west to the southwards of this riffe goeth in the channell about southeast in it is very narrow and a short inlet therein lye three buyes in in the middest of the deepe not above a stones cast one from the other men may run in on both sides of them comming to the end of the buyes they must keepe the middle of the channell and run in betweene the heades untill they come within the towne there make fast with a cable on the shoare Men may not sayle in there before flood but not at halfe ebbe at low water it falleth altogether dry but within at the Towne men may ride a float at high water there commeth three fathom or at the highest not more then 3 fathom and a halfe water there come out alwayes Pilots to bring ships in S. Valery in Caux From Diep to Saint Valery in Caux it is southwest and by west foure leagues that is alsoo a tyde-haven where you must goe in with high water it is a narrow channell where you goe in between to the Heads there is neither sand nor bancke before it that can hurt you being come in you may let your anchor fall and make you fast with a cable on the shore Hee that hath neither cable nor anchor may being come there within saile his ship on against the shoare in the chindle and soo save his ship goods without dammage From S. Valery to Fecam Fecam it is w. s w. foure leagues that is a deepe tyde-haven there remaineth at low water little lesse then 2 fathom water At the east side of the havens-mouth lyeth a banke or plate men may with small shippes sayle in through betwixt it and the land and so runne in sounding borrowing it eight or nine foot alongst by the east shoare which is flat For to sayle into the westwards of the plate you must keepe the Tower of Fecam without the land or without the West poynt of the Haven and then it shall bee southsoutheast from you run then upon that mark into the Haven and then the foresayd sand shall remaine on the larboard side of you and at halfe flood you shall have in the Havens-mouth 2 fathom water being come in before the towne you may anchor there by the Westerne shoare in three fathom From Fecam to Struysaert Struysaert it is westsouthwest three little leagues Without the poynt of Struysaer lye two high sharp rocks From thence to Seynhead it is s and s and by west 2. leagues and a halfe About northwest from Seynhead lyeth a bancke upon which at low water remaineth no more than two fathom and a halfe water when the towne of New-haven commeth without Seynhead then are you thwart of the back For to avoyd it run in close aboard the Seynhead alongst untill you come within the first mill there let fall your anchor in 6 fathom stay for a Pilot to bring you into the haven For to sail into the River of Roan For to sayle into the River of Roan comming from the north or the east you must runne close aboard the land to the northwards of Seynhead and alongst by it soo long untill the south side of the river come unto the poynt of Seynhead then runne in with it untill the land to the westwards of Newhaven come without Newhaven sayle then unto the Haven of Newhaven Or elâ—e if you will goe without about the bancke or the Rettires then edge over to the westwards soo far from the land untill the river come open sayle then towards the poynt of Tochet and run in
of it which lyeth right in the farewaye in sixteen foot but alongst to the eastwards of the buye is the deepest water the farther into the Bight towards Freesland the deeper The marke of this buy is the little flatt steeple of Mirnes on to the southwards of Molqueren Bring that foresayd little slat steeple in Molqueren keepe it so standing then you come in the farewaye of the buy of West-worckum that is a very good marke when the buyes are taken away The old thwart markes of the buy in the Bight are Mirnes Molqueren Hemelum and a little long village when they stand in four parts Betwixt the buyes upon the Freese plate and in the Bight is the shoalest of the flatt When the buy in the Bight is on your broad side then go on north and by west somewhat more westerly unto the buy of West-worckum Buy of West-worckum which lyeth on the east shoare in 16 foot at low water upon these marks a little sharpe steeple far within the land called Harich commeth over a little village to the northwards of Hinlopen called Dertwisch the right deepe thwart of it is three fathom The old markes are two villages next to Mackum upon the water side standing northeast off from it when these stand a little asunder one from the other you see yet two little steeples somewhat to the northwards of Bolswart almost one to the other neare about as the other upon the water side stand asunder the one is called Idsegahuysen The thwart markes are a high house on the east end of Coudom that commeth within a capstane barres length to the south end of Hinlopen From thence to the buy upon Yghelhoeck Yghelhoeck the course is north the markes there of are a little sharpe steeple with the first long village to the northwards of Worckum called Geest when that little steeple commeth in the innermost swampe of that long village then you have the buye that is a good thwart marck the longst marks are the sharpe steeple of Pingom over the flat steeple of Coorenwaert upon the waterside and Pendragen to a little house to the northwardes of the village with the swamp or when the mil of Staveren standeth betwixt the towne and the Block-house of Stavern these are all good longst markes of the buy upon Yghelhoeck From Yghelhoeck to the middle ground the course is north the right deepe in the Middle ground Middle-ground is seven fathom in the farewaye betwixt Westworckum and Yghelhoeck the right deep in four fathom soft ground the east shoare is flat and the west shoare steep The buy of the Middle ground lieth upon these marks the two sharpe steeples Arun and Pingom one in the other about northeast from you or Bolswaert right to the northwards of a Countrie house to the northwardes of Mackum these are good thwart marks of the Middle-ground The longst markes are kinswaert that is the runner commeth behind the church of Surich then you are right in the farewaie The Church of Surigh standeth upon the water side upon a point that lyeth out about northeast and by north from the buy or when the flat steeple of Wynaem to the northwards of Harlingen commeth betwixt Midlum and the east end of Harlingen then you are right in the Middleground on which side that Wynaem standeth nearest that shoare you are also nearest unto the west shoare is steep the east shoare indifferent flat you may runne over it in three fathom and come againe in five fathom towards Friesland From the Middle-ground outwards to the Flye you can sail within no tayles of sand on the west shoare Being past the buy in the Middle-ground then goe on northnorthwest unto the buy upon Swanebalgh Swanebalgh which lyeth in 3 fathom on the east shoare the thwart marks there of are Bolswaert over a little short house to the southwards of Cornwaert When you runne over betwixt the buyes of the Middle-ground and Swanebalgh on the east shoare more easterly then in three fathome that you come againe in four or five fathom you might in sayling out sail behind the shoals of Swanebalgh or when you are bound in behinde the shoals of the Middleground the west shoare thwart of this you may sound in four fathom or three fathom and a half over against the buye upon Swanebalgh on the west shoare is good ground for to anchor in From the buy upon Swane-balgh to the buy upon Schuytesand Schuytesand the course is north w. somewhat northerly the thwart markes there of are Wynaem over the highest part of Harlingen the longst markes are Bolswaert the northwards of the Sluys which lyeth to the northwards of Woens this buye lyeth in six fathom on the east shoare upon a taile or point which you might saile within when you saile out the right deepe thwart of it is 7 and 8 fathom the west shoare is indifferent flat which you may sounde in 4 fathom the e. shoare is steepe but a little without the buye it is flatte all alongst to Keeshoeck and you may sound it all alongst unto the Sloot In sailing up you might sail within the w. shoare over against Schuytesand or a little to the southwards of it in 3 fathom or 3 fathom a half into a Deadbalg behind a taile of sand Point of Waert called the point of the Waert but keeping in 4 fathom from that shoare you cannot take hurt of it In sailing up with a forfloud keep the east shoare or els you should be lightly carried therwith into the foresaid balgh behind that Waert before you should be aware of it Upon the point of that waert standeth a drift beacon 2 to the northwards or the westwards of it which men do call the beacons of Claesoomen and to the southwards of it standeth a beacon upon Dominicuâ— plate or as the Pilots do name it Meynsen plate Tâ—e marks for to sail alongst this long reach are Mackâ—â— with a mill upon the water side and a village with a liâ—â—â—e flat steeple to the southwards of Mackum called Idsegahuysen when Pandragen commeth betwixt Mâ—ckum and that village then you shal go cleare of that fo esayd taile or Deadbalg If Pandragen come nearest to â—dsegahuysen then you are too near the foresaid taile or plate or if Pandragen come nearest to Mackum then you are too neare the east shoare Keeshoec From Schuytsand to the buye upon Keeshoeck the course is w.n.w. or northwest and by w. according as the wind tide shall be In that long reach goe little more then half tides alongst the deep the afterfloud fore-eb fall thwart over there to the westwards the after-eb fore-floud right contrarie to the eastwards The marks of the buy upon Keeshoeck are Franiker steeple betwixt the mill the towne of Harlingen or to the mastes of the Schips which lye in the haven Tâ—is buy lyeth on the east shoare the right farewaye thwâ—rt of it is
or 12 fathom soft ground Easter Til. then that is certainly of the Broadbalgh or Wester Till take then the sounding of which side that you will and sound it about by the grounds in 4 or 5 fathom and you shall find amongst the sands smooth water and good roade and may lye sheltered for all winds The wester Till lyeth in first eastsoutheast alongst by the north shoare it is deepest on the south shoare you cannot sail within any tailes in sailing out but you may in sayling in when you come somwhat further in lyeth up more to the southwards there are divers Balgs or channells where men may saile through that are acquainted The Easter Till or Broadbalgh lyeth betwixt the Wester Till Wester Til. the Hondtbalgh which runneth in seven fathom into the eastermost point or the old Schorhorn that is a taile which lyeth off a good wayes and which you might at unawares sail within in seven fathom comming from the westward This Till lyeth in also like as the other first eastsoutheast but a little further in more easterly Here also you may take the sounding of which side or shoare that you will Being com within you shall get smooth water of the sands for all winds In this channell is not lesse then 7 fathom water The Hondtbalgh Hondtbalgh lyeth right into the westwards of the Steep-buye or Schorhorn If you will goe in there with small shipps for to saile over the Wadt into the Weser then goe when you have the Steepe buye in southsoutheast The Hondtbalgh is without indifferent wide keepe that course untill you come thwart of the beakons which you must leave on the starboard side you may well sound in about the off-side of the Schor-horne but not the west side by it lye plates which you might saile foule of in 9 fathom in comming in but on the Schor-horne you cannot doe amisse Holy land The Island Holyland and the outermost buye in the Weser lye one from the other south somewhat westerly and north somewhat easterly When it is cleare and good sight you may see Holy land when you lye in the Weser by the buye upon the head Holyland and Bornrisse lye one from the other southwest and by west and northeast and by east according to the common opinion two and thirty leagues When you come from the westwards and begin to get Holy-land in sight it sheweth it selfe with a high reddish steep point which is slat above For to anchor or make roade under Holy land comming from the westwards then runne to that land in tenne or twelve fathom When you saile towards the south point and come somewhat near the land you shall espie a rock like unto a small tower close by the high land called the Monck Monck which is almost so high as the high land About southsoutheast an English mile or a little more from that rock under water Rock under water If you keepe your self in eight and nine fathom then you run without this rock and cannot take any hurt of it When the Monck is covered of the other land then you are thwart of this suncken rock When the soresayd Monck commeth a handspikes length past or without the other land there is the road good anchoring in ten or eleven fathom the ground is there faire and cleane except it be of wracks of lost shipps or lost anchors which are there may Lying there in nine tenne or eleven fathom you have shelter for a westfouthwest northwest and north windes From the point where the Monck standeth by shooteth off a little riffe from the shoare which men may sound in 3 fathom you may also runne in 5 fathom from the shoare and saile cleare of the foresayd suncken rock to wit through betwixt the suncken Rock and the little riffe but if you runne into deeper water to wit in 7 fathom you shall runne right upon the suncken Rock In 8 or 9 fathom you doe runne about without the suncken Rock From the north side of Holy-land lyeth off a filthy Riffe almost a league into sea so that you cannot come nearer the whole north side then in nine or tenne fathom If you will goe about to the northwards of Holy land being come so farre that the east end of Holy land come to be south and south and by east from you sayle then freely unto the Scholvers point Scholvers poynt that is a flatt point which you may sound in five six and seven fathom If so be that you will runne in eight fathom off from it you shall runne above two great leagues from the shoare The right fareway bewixt the Hever and Holy-land is not more then nine or tenne fathom deepe When you come about the point to the roade and that Scholvers point lye northeast and the Rock southwest from you there is good lying in five fathom Scholvers point is the point where the South Haven South-haven lyeth within which lyeth from the high land about east into sea From the outermost end of Scholvers poynt lyeth a banck of three fathom unto the poynt where the Monck alsoo standeth within it is very good lying for ships of little draught that is called the south Haven of Holyland A southsouthwest and northnortheast moone maketh there the highest water Of the Elve The Roade of Holy land and the outermost buye of the Elve called the Schortunne or the Steep-buye lye right southeast and by east and northwest and by west 8 leagues asunder which lyeth right to the northwards of the Schor-horn that is the outermost poynt of the New-workes ground on the south side of the Elve the right deepe of the Elve runneth in alongst to the northwardes of it On the north side of the Elve lye the north ground which lye somewhat flat far off to seawardes upon the northwest side The south end of the north-grounds Mirdle of Vogelsand called Voghelsand runneth from the foresayd buye a good wayes west and by north into sea with a narrow tayle of perfect hard sand about a halfe league broad which waxeth by little and little the farther from the shoare the deeper Three leagues from the foresaide buye there is upon it eleven fathom water when you saile on north from the steep-buye you runne over it in three fathom or three fathom and a halfe but it doth soone deepe againe in five seven eight tenne fathom soft ground that is in the creeke of the North Elve North-Elve To the southwardes of that a foresayd Voghelsand in the right fareway of the Elve for him that commeth from the westwardes it is also somewhat soft ground and fourteene and thirteene fathom deepe to the southwardes of it towards the souther or Steepe grounds the ground is againe very hard and the grounds very steep you may not come nearer them especialy by night or darke weather then in eleven or twelve fathom if you come nearer to them you might sayle foule of
buttell All the depths here before mentioned are reckoned at halfe flood From Bruns buttell to the buye upon Salfhorne or Friburger-sand the Course is east and east and by north alongst by the north-land From Salts-horne to the buy against the Steur east and by south eastsoutheast from the Steur to the buye upon Gringer-oortssand southeast and southeast and by east that lyeth against Bilenburg more then halfe wayes in the deepe Betwixt this buye and the buye upon the Steur lyeth another buye in the fareway From the buye of Gringeroort to the buye upon Stader-sand southeast and by south and southsoutheast This buye you must leave on the starboard side From Stader-sand to Willems-fliet or the buye upon the Luye it is southeast and southeast and by south and from thence to the buye upon Terloo eastsoutheast From thence to the buye upon Hanneball the course is east and west From Hanneball to the buye upon Blanckenes sand east and east and by north you must keepe that buye right with a great tree and then runne alongst by the north land untill you bee past the buye From Blancknesse sand unto the buye in the bight the cours is eastsoutheast from thence unto the Eeckhout east and by north in the right channell it is there 3 or 4 fathom deepe there lye the great ships for to lade unlade The Eyder Six leagues to the northwards of the Elve lyeth the Eyder with many shoals lying farre out without the land chiefely and most on the south side on the north side of the deepe alongst by the land of Eyderstee lieth a long sand called the Broad-back or New-grounds on the south side lye Blavoort the Iron Hendrick the Hound and Hecksand To the southwards of Blavoort the Iron Hendrick about a league to the southwards of the mouth of the Eyder goeth yet a Deep in called the North pipe where men may saile in and come out againe by the Hound upon the Eyder In this Eyder lye on the south side of the Deepe seven black buyes which you must leave all in sayling in on the starboard side and on the north shoare which you must leave on the larboard side The outermost buye lyeth from the steepe buye right north and from Holy-land east or a little moâ—e northerly seven or eight leagues When you fall with the land with that course you shall espye to the northwards of the Eyder upon the land of Eyderstee a sharpe steeple indifferent high called Gardingen bring that over or to the south side of the little sand-hils lying on the north side of the Eyder called the Souther-Heads they shall then stand from you northeast and by north or a little more easterly sayle right in with them so you shall fall with outermost buy when that then the sharpe steeple of Weslinburen standing to the southwards of the Eyder in the land of Ditmarsen commeth to be east or a little more southerly from you then you have the length of the foresayd buye then S. Peters Church upon the Eyderstee to the westwards of Gardingen not farre from the sea side shall stand from the northn east Thus or comming out of the southwest upon the foresayd markes of Gardingen and the Souther-heads you shall run over the shoale of Blavoort which men do call alsoo the taile of the Hound lying off from Blavoort almost halfe waies to Holy-land It is also by some called Blavoort or comming from the northwards bring the foresayd steeple of Weslinburen east or a little more southerly from you saile so right in untill that Gardingen commeth to the foresaid southerheads or that S. Peters church bee northnortheast from you in doing so you shall not misse also the outermost buy From the outermost buy to the second third fourth it is al one course eastsoutheast the second lieth upon the shoalest of the channell at low water in 16 foot the the third in 4 fathom and the fourth in 5 fathom These three last lye alongst the north side of Blavoort on the south side of the deepe In sayling in You must leave them all on the starboard side runne alongst to the northwards of them From the fourth to the fifth that is the buye upon the Hound the course is east which lyeth thwart of the Hound on a point which lieth off from Heckesand which in comming in men might at unawares sayle within alongst to the southwards of the buye therefore you must leave that also as well as the former on the starboard side and sayle alongst to the northwards of it Betwixt this foresayd buye upon the Hound and the fourth lyeth another buye upon the north side of the deep upon the southermost poynt of the New-grounds which you must leave on the larboard side runne about to the southwards of it From the buye upon the Hound to the sixth the course is northnortheast and two fathom deep From the sixth to the seventh and last buye northeast and by north and the deepe alongst to the northwards of it three fathom Being past the last buye follow the beakons which stand alongst on the north shoare untill you come to Hulck runne close alongst to the southwards or to the eastwards of them for to avoyd a tayle of sand which commeth off from the east shoare which men might unawares sayle within into a Dead-creeke From the Hulck to Schulperzile the course is east southeast In that reach the beakons stand on the south side upon the Ballast-plate and you must run alongst to the northwards by them leaving them on the larboard side From Schulperzile to Tonningen the course is northnortheast Before Tonningen the Eyder is at the shoalest and at low water no deeper then one fathom and a halfe From thence further in towards the Newtown called Frederick stadt there is depth enough The depths here before mentioned are all to bee understood at low water From Tonningen towards Wollersum the Eyder lyeth alongst northeast and by east From Wollersum towards Harebleck northnorthwest From Harebleck towards Reymers-bode northeast From Reymers-bode towards Nyenzyle eastsoutheast From Nyenzyle to the Nyen-veere south Betwixt the fourth buye upon the Eyder and the fifth that is the buye upon the Hound over against the buye upon the southermost poynt of the New-grounds stand two beakons a little to the southwards of the foresayd two buyes the westermost upon the east poynt of the Blavoort or the Iron Hendrick and the eastermost upon the taile of the Hound Betwixt these two beakons goeth in through a deepe southeast or southeast and by east where you may sayle through alongst by the beakons upon the Iron Hendrick which you must leave then on the starboard side untill you come into the end of the North-pipe which lyeth from thence about west into sea You may sound in at the North-pipe comming in out of the sea by the south shoare in 3 4 fathom untill you come to the foresayd beakons
commeth alongst to the eastwards of Wero through the channell betwixt Wero Haters riffe and will saile to Roems let him go on due south and by east and then he shall runne alongst about an English mile to the eastwards of the Boltsack and fall with the land a little to the eastwards of Roems likewise hee that goeth from Roems or a little to the eastwards of it on north and by west hee shall fall betwixt Wero and Haters riffe right in the fareway Betwixt Roems and Fuynen you may run through in two fathom but with great shipps you cannot goe through there From the north end of Fuynen shooteth off a little riff about an English mile into sea About a league east and by north from Roems lyeth a shoale of 3 4 and 5 fathom which is steep and shoaleth up so suddenly that a man not knowing of it and finding it so by the lead should bee affrighted at it To the southwards of Roems in the land of Fuynen lyeth a little towne for to lade called Cartemonde Cartemonde The Haven goeth in from the eastwards and it is shoale on the west side there lye no buyes in the Havens mouth there is no more water then five six or sometimes seven foot From Roems to Spro the course is southeast 5 leag Betwixt Spro Spro and Knuytshead it is 12 13 fathom deep But betwixt Roems and Spro it is 10 11 fathom deep Even about to the southwards of the poynt of Knuytshead in Buyen lyeth the Haven of Nyburgh Nyburgh when you are about the poynt you runne right up to the towne about northwest a league there it is 6 and 7 fathom deep Men doe lye there with ships to the Kay and let their goods bee carried in what they will From Knuytshead to Langeland the course is southeast 4 leagues then you leave Spro lying on the starboard side From the southwest end of Spro shooteth off a little riffe which you must avoyd At the north end of Langeland lye the little Islands of the Frissell The Frissell which are round about very foule From Knuytshead to the Islands Tassing the course is south and south and by east foure leagues and then you leave the Frissell lying on the larboard side and run through betwixt the Frissell and Fuynen If you be bound to Swineburgh Swinburg then go from the Frissell to the southeast end of Fuynen on southsouthwest and you shall meet a little Island which you may runne about on both sides of it Through betwixt Tassing and that little Island or you may run alongst by the land of Fuynen untill that you come to the little Towne of Swineburgh which lyeth over against the Island of Tassing Over against the poynt of Fuynen lyeth a little Island called Olms Olmes then you must goe up to the westwards You may also runne about on the other side of Tassing and leave the Island Arr with the foule grounds which lye betwixt Arr and the southeast end of Fuynen on the larboard side of you it is no deeper upon these grounds then six foot Now when as that you shall come by the little Island Olms or by the southeast poynt of Fuynen then you must as before is said goe up to the westwards about the poynt of Fuynen towards Woburgh Upon the south side of these foresayd grounds goeth also a Deepe through west and west and by south through betwixt the grounds and the Island Arr upon this Island Arr lyeth a little Towne called Koping Koping This foule ground is 3 leag long and that Island Arr is also 3 leagues long they lye both of them east and west and the Munk Island lyeth at the end of these grounds before Woburgh in Fuynen which hath two riffes the one shooteth off from the southeast end east into sea the other from the north point northeast into the sea When you saile through to the northwards of these grounds to wit betwixt Fuynen and these grounds towards Woburgh you shall also meet with the foresayd Munk with another little Island or two more leave them lying on the larboard side and run all along by the land of Fuynen about west and west and by north Unto the poynt of Askens Askens which is about six leagues distant from the southeast poynt From the east poynt of Askens unto the little Island Toreu Toreu the course is west and by north and westnorthwest two leagues and to Areu westsouthwest 3 leagues these two little Islands lye one over against the other the one on the side of Jutland and the other on the side of Fuynen men runne through there betwixt 2 riffs which run off one against the other it is there 4 and 5 fathom deep To the northwards or westwards of Areu lyeth the Sound of Haddersleu Sound of Haddersleu which lyeth in about west and by south upon it lyeth the towne Haddersleu two leagues within the land From Areu or Toreu to Melversound the course is northnorthwest five leagues which you must run into from the southwards first westwards unto the sound of Coldingen Sound off Coldingē being a broad Sound which goeth a league into the land if you will goe through the Melversound you must leave it on the larboard side and goe up to the eastwards unto the towne of Melver where you come then againe into a crooked channell The Melversound goeth out to the northwards with a very crooked channell and you come out againe upon the broad water to the northwards of Fuynen as is before said You may also sail off from Areu into the sound of Aelsem alongst southsouthwest unto Apenrade Apenrade and then about behind the Island of Aelsems untill you come into the sound of Flesburgh The Melversound the little Island Areu lye southsoutheast and northnorthwest one from the other To saile out of the Aelsen sound from Areu or the Melversound then go from Areu or Toreu unto the Roen The Roe◠eastsoutheast 3 leagues and then through betwixt the Island and Fuynen that is alongst to the northwards of Roen for you can not goe about to the southwards of it The Roen is a bad and shoaly riffe shooting off from Aelsen whereunto it is fast the outer end of it lyeth dry like Anoutriffe From the Roen to Arr or Koping the course is east and by south 5 leagues From the south east end of Aelst shooteth off a great riffe towards Arr called the Poles riffe Poles riffe you must run betwixt Arr that riffe leaving two third parts of the water on the Aelsen side and one third part towards Arr runne on so with the south end of Langeland untill that you come against Copen From Arr to the south end of Langeland the course is eastsoutheast foure leagues And from the Poles riffe to the south end of Langeland the course is west west and by north six leagues You may run
For to sayle to Elleboge or Malmuyen and Landscroone If you will sayl out of the Sound to Elleboge or Malmuyen goe from Ween southeast and southeast and by south and then you shall see the steeple or the towne lying before you sayle towards it in that farewaye it is most seven or eight fathom deepe when you come within the south Holmes it wil be five or six fathom deep it doth shoale up suddenly from the seven fathom to five but before the towne it is shoaler water you may anchor there in three four or five fathom if you will you may lye also at the end of the Head in three fathom there it is good lying but with a northwest winde it is a bad roade for it bloweth there open in If you will runne out againe to the southwards of the south Holmes towards Fasterborne or Steden you must take heede of the south Holmes which are foule round about From the north end shooteth off a riffe a great wayes Upon the east side at the south end it lyeth very farre off shoale there lyeth also the Northvliet Northvliet that is a ledge of rocks under water but you may perceive it through the water you shall leave it on the south Holmes side to witt on the starboard side of you but the Southvliet Southvliet which lyeth thwart of Old Fasterborne you shall leave on the larboard side so runne through betwixt them it is in that farewaye at the shoalest four fathom deep When you come off from Malmuyen and that the steeple of Coppenhaven come to the south end of the South Holmes then you are past the Northvliet When you sayle thus there through you must be very carefull to avoyd these foresayd grounds You may runne out also alongst by the strand of Schoonen and leave both the Northvliet lying on the starboard side you may sound that strand in four and five fathom as also the riffe of Fasterborne He that will sayl into Lands-croone Lands-croone must know that there lyeth a shoale before the havens mouth and must runne in about to the southwardes of it there standeth a little church on the north side by the water side and a Gentlemans house somewhat farther within the land bring that church over the house and then you are cleare of the shoale then saile in right with the poynt and anchor in three fathom To the northwards of old Fasterborne goeth in a deepe called Hull or Hulwater Hulwater it is a deepe haven for ordinarie ships which goeth in most northeast in three or foure fathom you may sound it in alongst by the footstrand of old Fasterborne in three fathom leaving old Fasterborne on the starboard side it is there large broad enough How men shall sayle out of the Sound through the shoales or grounds and into the Reefshol He that will sayle out of the Sound towardes the shoales or Groundes let him goe on south and by east or he may Sound alongst by the wood in five or sixe fathom and then hee shall not sayle a misse of the norther buye Norther buye for it lyeth in five or six fathom on the north end of the Middle ground to the eastwardes of the buye it is seven fathom deep but in the right farewaye thwart of this buye it is nine or tenne fathom deep the markes of this buye are when that end of the wood is westsouthwest from you then you are thwart of the norther buy and there standeth then a flat steeple a prettie wayes to the southwards of that wood there commeth also three hommocks to the north side of the town these are all marks of the norther buye From the Norther buy to the Middle buye the course is south and by east When you come by the Middle buye then commeth the southermost mill on to the southwardes of the towne of Coppenhaven and the flat steeple commeth within a handspikes length unto the sharpe steeple that are the markes of the Middle buye or second buye in the shoales or grounds it is here eight and nine fathom deepe From the Middle buye to the third Third buye and forth to the buye upon Casper Caniell the course is south and by east When the white castle commeth over the sharpe steeple they are the markes of the fourth buye or the buye upon the Casper Caniell the third lyeth at the south end of the Middleground it is not there verie broade but steepe on both sides the deepe thereaboutes is seven or eight fathom If you must turne to windewards there you must cast about so soone as it doth begin to shoale as well on the one side as on the other Buy upon Casper Caniel Fisher The fourth buye lyeth on the north end of Draecker upon the flat over against it lyeth a rock above water called the Fisher east by north from the buye there you may well sound the south holme for it is there shoale water Betwixt the third and this sourth buye commeth running out a channell from Copenhaven which men doe call Casper Caniell or the Kingsdeep From the fourth buye or Casper Caniell to Draker riffe the course is south south and by east the land of Draecker you may sound in three four and four fathom and a half The Riffe of Draecker Riff of Draker lyeth a good wayes without Draker it lieth off a halfe league east into sea The markes of the buye upon Draker-riffe are these When the steeple of Copenhaven commeth to the southwards of Draker to the wood then you are thwart of the buye The shoalest water that you shall finde betwixt this buye upon Draecker riffe and the foresayd fourth buye is five fathom lesse two foot For to sayl by night through the shoales or grounds go from the Island Ween south and south and by west so long untill that you come thwart of the point of the wood in four fathom then keep somewhat off from the shoare and go on southeast by east untill that you come in seven fathom and then forth southsoutheast untill you be over the Middle ground the first or northermost buye as is beforesayd lyeth in five fathom but you may well go over to the westwards of it in three or foure fathom keepe then somewhat off untill that you come in eight nine or ten and eleven fathom and sail then on south unto Casper Caniell there it will be by little and little shoaler to wit about 8 fathom Thwart of Draker it is uneven for to sound the one cast five and the other foure fathom but go your course except you knew that you where neerer the one shoare of Draker or the south holmes then the other Without Draker it will be againe 6 and 7 fathom deep Full southeast from Draecker about a good halfe league lyeth a stone three foote under water and is about 2 rods length from the greate where Cornelis Iansz Buysman from the streeck in
streames on these coasts From Stade to Dronten a south and by east and north and by west moon maketh high water with a spring it falleth a fathom and a halfe up and downe with an ordinary tyde scarce a fathom The tydes run not there alongst the land but the flood falleth thwart on against the land and the ebbe to the contrary thwart from the shoare to seawards Courses and Distances From Stemneshest to Gryp northeast and by east 6 leag From Gryp to the Islands of Momendall northeast 18 leagues From Gryp to Holyland northnortheast and northeast and by north 27 leagues From Gryp to Rust north and north by east 64 leag From Gryp to the north end of Hitland southwest and by west 115 leagues From Gryp to the south end of Fero westsouthwest 167 leagues From Grype to the east poynt of Island west and west and by north 233 leagues Of the heights of these lands The Islands Whitholme and Smeerholme lye in 63 degrees 54 minutes The Island Gryp in 64 degrees The town Dronten 64 degrees How these Lands doe shew themselves at sea Thus sheweth the point of Stemmeshest or Heynst Flenseu Roofen Island Lemseu Low Island Harnsoe Luycko Thus sheweth the Islands of Roemsdale when the middle most of the three highest and the westermost is southeast from you about 3 leagues Stemneshest The Islands of Roemsdale Thus sheweth the Land between Stemmeshest and the Broad-sound when as you saile a seaboard alongst by the Roemsdaels Islands Schares These two figures belong at the crosses one to the other The land from Gryp westwards or southwards towards Stemmeshest like these two figures here above when as you saile alongst by it seven leagues without the land The tenth Demonstration In which The east side of England is shewed from the River of London to Welles BY two wayes men may saile into the river of London from the southwards alongst by the north Forland and from the northwards alongst by the Naes If you will sayle in there from the southwards then you must first shun the North Forland it is there shoale a good wayes from the shoare bring the north Forland also not more southerly from you then southwest that you do not run on against the north-grounds which lye farre to seawards Comming by the land run alongst by it but come not too neere it that you loose sight of the spyre of the steeple of Margat behind the land for then you should come too neere it but if you keepe so far from the shoare that you can see the foresayd steeple above the high land or keep it even in your sight then you cannot take hurt of the south grounds Comming thwart of Margat then you are past the foresaid shoals or south grounds Run then boldly towards the shoare and within two cables lengths alongst by it for to avoid the north grounds which lye farre to the southwards towards the land Sayle on so west all alongst by the shoare untill that the Reculvers which are two steeples upon one Church come one in the other and then you shall run in sight of the first buye upon the Lasts which lieth upon the foresaid markes of the Reculvers Reculvers being by it you can also see the other buy which lyeth like as the first also on the north side and over against it on the south side standeth a beakon there you must saile through betwixt them both leaving the buye on the starboard side and the beakon over against it on the larboard side From thence you may with little shippes or shippes of little draught but not with ships of great draught at high water run over the Swallow on westnorthwest towards Sheppy for it is there shoale water with ships of great draught you must runne through the Fishers deep towards Black-tayle You may also runne from Margat with small shippes alongst by the shoare upon the lead at high water even unto the Sheppy but in sayling alongst there you must cast your tides well for the flood falleth very strong into the Swallow and the ebbe to the contrary very strong out When you come by Sheppy Sheppy runne within two cables lengths alongst by it for to avoid the taile of the Spanjard The Spagniard untill that you be past Quinsbrough edge then off from the south shoare for to avoyd the Noere The Nore which is a sande that shooteth off from the south poynt of the River a good wayes to the eastwards upon the outermost end where of standeth allwayes a beakon whereby you may know it Run alongst to the northwards of it leaving it on the larboard side and alongst in the middle of the channell into the sea-reach for to avoid the grounds which lye off from the north shoare goe in so alongst towardes Gravesend To sayle with shippes of great draughts alongst by the north Forland up into the Thames you must when you are past the buyes upon the Last sayle through the Fishers deep Fishers-deep toward Black-tayle which lyeth from the second buye upon the Lasts unto the first buye in the Fishers deep northwest and northwest and by west which lyeth upon the north side of the sand which men doe call the Spanjard those two buyes lye a great wayes one from the other Sayling from the buye upon the Lasts it is a great wayes all shoale water so that you must runne over there with high water but comming neare the buye upon the Spanjard it is by little and little deeper water He that will saile over here must reckon his tydes well the flood falleth there alongst towards the southwest almost thwart over the deepe and the ebbe to the contrary The second buye in the Fishers Deepe you must leave on the starboard side the buye upon the Spanjaerd on the larboard side being past that you come against the Blacketayle to the southwards of the Shoebeakon into the right deepe The cast poynt of Sheppy shall then lye about south from you From the Shoe-beakon the course is southwest to the point of Blacktaile there runneth off a hooke which men might at unawares sayl within comming from the northwards in five or sixe fathom but if you keep from the shoar in seven fathom you cannot sayle within it From Black-taile to the beakon upon the Noere the course is westsouthwest leave it on the larboard side as before is said and runne in alongst the river in the middst of the channell betwixt both lands unto Gravesend For to saile into the river of London comming from the northwards For to saile into the river off London from the northwards you must come neere the coast to the northwards of Orfordnes which is to the northwards of all the sands there lye Albrough Dunwich Walderswike Sowle and Covehit all betwixt Orfordnes and Leystaf Covehit is a sharp steeple like as also Leystraffe but Sowle and Walderswyke Albrough and Orfordnes are flat steeples Sowle Sowle and
is dangerous to sayle about by night if men doe come too near it which is upon the end so steep that in 3 fathom or 2 fathom a half you shal not be a ships length off from it But when as you comming from the southwards keep your self in six or seven fathom then you cannot sayl so neare to it To the southwards of that rif upon the land standeth a firetowre which is verie easy to be knowne with a firebeakon also a little white house when these come one in the other then you are thwart of the poynt of the riff To the northwards of this riff upon the land stand two white firebeakons whereupon there is fired by night for to avoyd this riff When as you come thwart of the poynt then are these also one in the other so that these doe serve for thwart marks and the other to the southwards of them for longst marks for those that will sayle about it from the southwards Comming from the northwards alongst the shoare in 5 or 6 fathom untill you come by the firebeakons upon the north side you must keep somewhat off from the shoare before they come one in the other or els you should run on against the rif When they are one in the other then they stand s w. by w. from you and when as the high firebeakon to the southwards of Winterton cometh to be s west somewhat more westerly from you then you are thwart of the point of the rif you may not also run about far within that riff for then you should lightly bee foule of the grounds on the eastwards of it especially when you come from the northwards for there it is not verie wide betwixt them both From Winterton to Haesbrough poynt the course lyeth northwest 3 leagues Betwixt Haesbrough the Admiralshouse stands a ruinous tower upon the strand When as you keep it the steeple of Haesbrough one in the other comming from the northwards then you run right upon the poynt of the foresayd riffe Foure leagues without the land lyeth Winterton sand the south end where of lyeth about east the north end northeast from Winterton Thwart of Admiralshouse not far from the shoare lyeth also a little plate where no ship can go over but if you goe in six or seven fathom you cannot sayle too neare it you may also runne through in 2 fathom betwixt this plate the land From Haesbrough to Cromer the coast lyeth alongst northwest and by west and westnorthwest three or foure leagues The land lieth from Cromer to Bornum first westnorthwest and west and by north and then west and west and by south 9 or 10 leagues From Cromer to Blakeney it is 2 or 3 leagues At Blakeney Blakeney standeth a high steeple which you may see alongst farre over the land when it commeth to the little steeple then you have the first buy of the channell which lieth at the south end of the Pole which is a sand at the west side of the channell of Blakeney go from the first buy to the other and alongst by them untill you come within the Haven This is a tyde-haven where men doe lye dry at low water Four leagues to the westwards of Blakeney lyeth Wels betwixt them both lyeth the foresayd shoale called the Poll and Pyper Pol and Piper there it is shoale far off at sea At the west end of this shoale goeth in the Deep of Wels the beacons that you must saile in alongst by stand all alongst by the Pyper When Hoebrom standeth eastsoutheast from you then you are to the westwards of the Pyper thwart of it is good road in 6 fathom Wels Wells lyeth then southeast from you and the trees stand then also against the steeple then you may sayle open into the Haven of Wels alongst by the foresayd beakons Of the Depths and Shoales about these places and in what Depths men may see the land Five or six leagues north and by east northnortheast from the north Forland or from Margat lyeth a banck called Kentish-knock upon it is three fathom water Being by it you may even see the land from belowe Five leagues northeast from this banck it is twentie fathom deep Northeast and by north from the north Forland nine or tenne leagues and about east from the Naze eight leagues into the sea lyeth a banck called the Galloper of five six and seven fathom depth The westrocks is a stonie ground lying betweene the Court and Long-sand whereupon is no more then two fathom water at a half floud Without that sand or Harwitch five leagues from the Naze it is twentie and two and twentie fathom deepe being there you may see the land Thwart of Orfordnes you may see the land from below in two and twenty fathom Five or six leagues without Leystaffe Yarmouth southeast and east into sea it is 27 and 28 fathom deep there you may see the land Foure leagues east and by south from land without the Holmes of Yarmouth lyeth a banck called the Newsand which is not deeper then two fathom Eastnortheast at least 7 leagues from land thwart of Yarmouth it is 15 fathom the ground red grosse sand with little round stones being there you may even see the land from below Thwart of Winterton and Cromer 7 or 8 leagues from the land it is 18 and 19 fathom deep and there you may see the land Winterton sand lyeth 4 or 5 leagues from land northeast from Winterton What moon maketh high water at the places At the north Forland a north and south moone maketh high water Within the Thames a south and by east moone Before the Thames at Harwitch and Orfordnes a southsoutheast moone At Leistaff Yarmouth a southsoutheast moon maketh high water Without the bancks of Yarmouth and before Cromer a southeast Moon maketh full sea Betwixt the bancks of Harwitch and the Holmes of Yarmouth the flood falleth south and the ebbe north Thwart of the banks of Winterton and Cromer the flood falleth southsoutheast the ebbe northnorthwest Of the Tydes and Courses of the streames From the north Forland the flood falleth to the Recolvers and over the Brakes westsouthwest and west and by south Without about Good-win towards Kentish-knock the flood falleth north and by west and northnorthwest there commeth the floud also against it from the northwards and meet one another by the Galloper with very great rippeling and noyse whereof this banck is also called the Galloper and falleth to the westwards into the sands channels and also to the eastwards towards Flanders Betwixt the North Forland Orfordnesse the streame falleth without the sands south and by east and southsoutheast When you are to the northwards of the Galloper then you can reckon no ebbe then that which runneth alongst England to the northwards the streames fall there all alongst the coasts To the southwards of the Galloper the ebbe goeth to the contrary
tydes for the floude falleth strong to the southwardes over the groundes and should thereby bee lightlie carried behind the bank to the southwardes off the buye which lyeth upon the poynte of the banck Besides this foresaid channell there runneth yet another channell through the grounds which lye off from the north poynt of the Tees For to sail in to the newe-channell For to sayle in there you must take marke of the two high lands within the land to the southwardes of the Tees bring them within a handspikes length one to the other or bring the Paps to the west side of Harlenope then shall also a foresayde two high lands come within a handspikes length neare one to the other sayle in right with them and so you shall runne right into that new channell alongst through that a foresayde sand and come against the buye upon the sandes on the south side off the Deepe againe in the right farewaye When that you get again deeper water or have the two fire-beakons on the north side one in the other then go in towards them and further as hath been before said About seven leagues to the northwardes of the Tees lyeth the river off Sonderland a little to the northwardes off the Paps which are very good markes for to know the land by there abouts When the Paps are southsouthwest from you and that you are about an English mile from the land then you are right before the river of Sonderland the ground is there abouts indifferent cleane but somewhat stonie you may anchor there in 4 or 5 6 fathom On both sides as well on the north poynte as the south poynte of the River it is stonie On the north poynte standeth a beakon in the water there you must runne in within a little shippes length alongst by it being past that you shall gett deeper water to with a fathom a halfe 2 fathom at low water but upon the barre remaineth no more then three foote With a common spring high water there is about 2 fathom a half or a little more After this aforesayd first depth of a fathom and a half or two fathom you shall meet againe with a stonie floore about three ships lenghts broad upon it is at high water about 11 or 12 foote deep according as the tydes shall runne being over there it is again deeper A little past that is a narrow place where a long shippe shall scarce be able to wend within it it is wide enough and very where good anchor ground From the Tees to Tinmouth the course is northnorthwest 8 or 9 leagues Two leagues to the southwards of Tinmouth lyeth the poynt of Sonderland Sonderland but close to the southwards of Tinmouth goeth in the River of New-castle From the poynt of Tinmouth shooteth off a ledge of rocks you must sayle in by it leaving it on the starboard side The markes for to sayle into this River are two firetowers or firebeakons which stand upon the north shoare bring them one in the other or the innermost that is the highest a little to the northwards of the outermost or lowest sayle so right in alongst by the aforesayd ledge of rocks on the north side and so you shall have upon the shoalest two fathom at halfe floud a southwest moone maketh there full sea The south shoare is flatte you may lead it in there with the sounding pole for ships that goe not deepe in ten foote at halfe floude When you come within runne all alongst by the north shoare untill past the little towne Sheels edge then over to the other shoare untill you come through the crooked reach there the river lieth up againe a little to the n. wards then to the southwards to Hawkes-bill about by it to the towne New-castle Seven or 8 leagues to the northwards of Tinmouth lyeth the Cocke Island betwixt them both about half wayes lyeth a River called Bly Bly where the French men doe much sayle to fetch coale From the north poynt of this river runneth off a ledge of rocks a great shot of a cast-peece about southeast into the sea but the south side the coast to the southwards of it is very cleane and sand-strand Upon the south poynt stand two beakons If you will sayle in there bring them one in the other and sayle right in with them and then you can take no hurt of the foresayd ledge or riffe of the north poynt When that you come by or thwart of the outermost of the 2 foresayd beakons you shall see there by it another smaller beakon that standeth upon a little ledge off rocks that shooteth off from the south poynt leave that on the larboard side and runne in alongst close about northwards of it The foresayd ledge of Rockes on the north side remaineth at high water a good wayes from the land and also at a spring-tyde above water within it is a bight there it is good lying for a north or northeast winde and there remaineth at low water two fathom depth In the mouth of the River it is with an ordinary tyde and high water about two fathom deep or somewhat more and it floweth there two fathom up and downe so that at low water it falleth allmost altogether dry The Cocket Island Cocket Island is a very little Island not high it lyeth about a halfe league from the land you may come to anchor in it for an east south southeast wind but the winde comming to the northwards of the east maketh there a bad roade for you must lye betwixt the Island and the maine land where you have no shelter for a north winde On the south side of the Island the ground is foul a little to the southwards of the Island runneth off a foule ledge of rocks from the shoare untill thwart or past the Island He that commeth from the southwards must keepe the Coast of Bambrough without the Island or els he should not faile to saile upon the poynt of that foresayd ledge Betwixt that ledge and the Island it is also very narrow so that a man standing at low water marke upon the rockes of this ledge should allmost be able to cast with a stone unto the Island For to sayle in there take heed unto these marcks here after described there standeth a house upon the sea side which is a Salt kettel and also a Castle somewhat further in within the land which doth shew it self high enough bring them one in the other then they shall stand somewhat more northerly then west from you and runne so right in with them and so you shall runne in right amidst the channell betwixt both being come within edge up behinde the Island anchor there in five or six fathom About this Island there run also manie more divers little Rivers in to the land but they fall most drie at low water Of the Depths shoales about these places
no certaine tyde Of the Depths and grounds bot to the eastwards and westwards of Waygats All the coast alongst off from Candenoes unto Waygats men doe finde a flat rising ground the most part sand and soft ground he that must sayle there in misty weather must know that in 8 or 9 fathom depth he is 4 or 5 leagues from the coast but when it is 30 35 or 40 fathom then he is farre enough from the land So it is alongst Nova Zembla and also over the east side of Waygats but when you come before the Strait it will be shoaler by little and little How these lands doe lye one from the other and from other lands From Swetenoes untill 3 leagues past Lombascho southsoutheast 16 leagues From thence to Orlogenes south 9 leagues From Orlogenes to the 3 Islands south 3 leagues Pas caarte van̄ WITTE-ZEE begrypende de custen van Laplandt van Warsiga tot aen Kandalox en de cust van Corelia tot aen de Riviere Dwina Caerte van ARCHANGEL ofte de Rivier de Duina soo wel van't Nieuwe al 's 't Oude diep From the three Islands to Ponnoy southwest and by south 3 leagues From the three Islands to the Crosse-Island Sousnowits southwest and southwest and by south 10 leagues From the Crosse-Island to Catsnose or the gray poynt southwest 20 leagues From the Gray poynt to the River of Arch-Angel south and by west 14 leagues From the Crosse-Island to Warsiga westsouthwest and west and by south 24 leagues From Orlogenes to the cape de Candenoes the course is northeast 47 leagues From Candenoes to the Island Colgoye east and by south 26 leagues From Candenoes to Swelgenoes s e. by e. 29 leagues From Candenoes to the Island Morsonewits s e 13 leag From Candenoes to Tussara it is eastsoutheast 7 leag From Colcova to Pitsana east and by north 7 leagues From Pitsana to Pitsora e. and east and by north 13 leag From Pitsora to Waygats the course is about north east and by east 38 or 40 leagues From Catsnose to the Islands of Solofky west or somewhat more southerly 37 leagues From Candenoes to Costintsarck in Nova Zembla n. e. and by east about 83 leagues From the east end of Colgoyen to Waygats e. 80 leag From Pitsora to the east end of Colgoyen w.n.w. 43 l. Heights The poynt of Catsnose or the Graye poynt lyeth in 65 degrees S. Nicholas or the River of Archangell in 64 degrees 30 minutes Cape Candenoes 69 degrees 30 minutes The Island Colgoya in 69 degrees 10 minutes The River of Colgoya Pitsana and Pitsora lye in 68 degrees 30 minutes Waygats or the Straite of Nassow lyeth in 69 degrees 43 minutes How these Lands doe shew themselves at sea Orlogenes Third poynt Second poynt First poynt Swetenoes Sconce Thus sheweth the land betwixt Swetenoes and Orlogenes as you sayle alongst by it The sixth Demonstration Where in Are set forth the Sea-Coastes of the whole White Sea FRom the blew poynt to the river of Arch-Angell the course is south and by west thirteene leagues When as you sayle so towards the rivers you shall then first espy the land a good wayes to the westwards of S. Nicholas it ariseth in a long strake and then there riseth more land towards the River as if it where a round Island afterwards you shall see the steeple of S. Nicholas when that standeth south and by west and southsouthwest from you then you are open before the mouth of the River of Arch-Angell For to sail into the River of Arch-Angel If you wil sayle in there then bring the steeple of S. Nicholas a shippes length and a halfe or two shippes lengths to the eastwards of the Crosse sand-hill keepe them so standing and sayle right with them untill that the wood within come midwayes in the middlemost Podessemske goe on the southwest and by south southwest for to saile a weather of the taile or shoale which shooteth off from the east shoare when as then the wood within that is the wood upon the northeast poynt of the River commeth to the southermost of the two woods which stand upon the middlemost Island or the Poedessemske then you are in the mouth of the channell right upon the shoalest of the Barre the markes of the east tayle are when the wood commeth halfe wayes betwixt the southermost and the middlemost Podessemske when the poynt of the southermost Podessemske is southsoutheast somewhat southerly from you then you are without the poynt of the west grounds If you bring that poynt more easterly from you you can take no hurt of that poynt When you are entred the channell then goe as is beforesayd southwest and by south and southwest untill that the steeple of S. Nicholas come a shipps length by west the Crosse sand-hill then further take the sounding of the west shoare and runne in by it towards the foot strand and alongst close by it without going off from it untill that you come thwart of the white place or spot on the west shoare about the place where it standeth marked in the Card with A. Edge over then from thence east and by south and eastsoutheast right to the poynt of the Wood on the east shoare and on southeast in alongst by the east land close alongst by the shoare but thwart of the two Islands which lye on the starboard side it is a good wayes alongst the east shoare somewhat foule shoale where of you must take heed but go all alongst by the east shoare untill that you come by the first River on the larboard side edge then over again to the west shoare alongst southsouthwest untill you come to the bight there it is shoale water on the east side When you are come in the bight then goe on eastsoutheast afterwards east by south towards the Stonereach Stone-reach sail through there amidst the channell alongst by the buyes which lye in the middest of the deepe it is on both sides of the buyes uneven and rugged When as you come against the Stonereach there standeth a Fishers house upon the west shoare by the little River that runneth into the land at the north end or west end of the Stonereach thwart of that foresayd house lyeth a great stone under water which you may sayle about on both sides it lyeth about the middest of the fareway as you come sayling on men saile commonly about to the westwards of it all alongst by the west shoare like as also through the Stonereach for the west side is deepe enough at some places somewhat soft ground but the east shoare is full of rocks When as you are past the buyes then you must keepe off againe somewhat from the shoare There was wont to lye a little Island at the end of the Stonereach but that is of late yeares altogether scowred away with the Ice When as you are now through the Stonereach the course is first southeast
on against the west end of a long small rock which lieth farr to the eastwards towards Oeland and lieth almost even with the water at some places a little above water and at some places the Sea runneth alongst over it edge then a little up to the northwards and runne about by the poynt of that rock Being past that you shall meet on the larboard side a low rock from the which there shooteth off a little taile to the northwards upon it standeth a little beacon sayle alongst by it and being a little past it then shall the town lye westsouthwest from you let your anchor fall there in five or sixe fathom there is the right road If you come to anchor somewhat northerly in the roade you must be carefull to take heed of a sunken rock which lyeth not more then eleven or twelve foot under water The Marks of this sunken rock Sunken rock are these When the mills upon the Mulholm are one in the other with the mill which standeth on the north side without the town then you are thwart off the foresayd sunken rock On both sides of it as well to the northwards as the southwards of it it is deep enough It is good lying there allmost with all windes but a north and by east winde is the worst which bloweth there open in With shipps that go not deeper then sixe or seven foote men may come to lye at the bridge before the towne You may also sayle to the westwards of the Grimschaer that is through betwixt the Grimschaer and the land with shipps that go not deep but he that shall doe it must be verie well acquainted there for there it is all full of Rocks some above and some under water From the south end of Oeland called Southerorden The riff of southerorden lyeth off a great dangerous riffe a league and an half into sea there it is seven and eight fathom deep when the Chappel upon Southerorden is northwest a great league from you there it is tenne and eleven fathom deepe you may sound about this riffe in eight or nine fathom but it is not good to come nearer it when you can doe otherwise and can passe it A halfe league to the northwards of the Towne Calmer to wit a little to the northwards of the road lyeth an Island called Skalloe Skalloe which you must leave on the starboard side when you are bound from Calmer to the northwards It is indifferent cleane upon the west side but from the Sweeds side there over against it runneth off a stone riff almost unto the Island Upon this riffe standeth commonly a stone-beacon it is dangerous to sayle through there or over that shoale for one that is not there very well acquainted It is also Pilots water Foure leagues to the northwards of the Calmer on the Sweeds side lyeth an out-poynt called Schenknes or Skegnesse Skegenes thwart of it lyeth a small Island called the Baker The Baker betwixt this poynt and Skallo it is very uneven of depths The east coast of Oeland is a cleane coast lieth northnortheast southsouthwest Off the Island Rughen To the westwards of the Island Rugen men doe sayle up into the Jelle unto Straelsound For to sayl from Straelsound out alongst the Jelle For to sail out at the Jelle goe on north and north and by west there lyeth a Middle-ground sometimes there standeth a beacon upon it and sometimes not leave that on the larboard side being past that sayle to the poynt where the wood standeth upon so that the town come behind the wood you shall then see a verie high tree bring that over the flattest steeple and keep it so a while standing going on still north and north and by west unto the beacon the Jelle When as you luffe up about by it west then looke out for two trees which stand upon the east shoare somewhat within the land bring them a ships length without the highest tree which standeth upon the shoare luffe up about the beacon towards the buye In the mouth of the deepe lye three buyes which in sayling out you must leave all on the larboard side but in sayling in all on the starboard side It is not deeper in the mouth of the Deepe then sixe seven foot and also without it is farre of shoale water The Island Rugen hath four poynts that lye out under which men may ride at divers places as Doornbosh Whitmond Jasmond and the Peert The poynt of Doornbosh Dornbosch lyeth from the Jelle north distant two leagues it is high land with a steepe poynt men may ride under it for northeast east and southeast windes If you will anchor there then anchor in three four or five fathom so that the steepe point stand northnortheast from you or that the Church stand over the poynt or anchor where about that it shall please you or shall be best convenient it is there all over shallow water and clean sand-ground From Dornbosch to Brontholm the course is east northeast seventeen or eighteen leagues but Dornbosch and Fasterbornes Riffe lye northnorthwest and southsoutheast fourteen leagues asunder From Dornbosch to Whitmont the course is northeast by east four leagues Betwixt them both goeth in a greate Bay where you may run in alongst by Whitmondt and have road there in five or six fathom for southwest south also for an east winde If you will seeke roade under Whitmondt Roade under Whitmont for westerly windes and runne about by the poynt comming from the westwards then come not nearer the poynt then seven or eight fathom there shooteth off an uneven shoale which you must avoid being come about the poynt anchor there in twelve thirteen or fourteene fathom that is about a league from the shoare nearer to the shoare in seven eight or ten fathom the ground is not cleane in twelve fathom you have grosse sand in thirteene or fourteene fathom soft ground so that with harde windes you should need to shoe your anchor you lye there also landlockt for a west and south winde Iasmond Roade under Iasmondt lyeth from Witmond eastsoutheast distant three leagues If you will anchor under Iasmond for a west or westnorthwest wind then sayle so far about the poynt that it come to be northnorthwest or somewhat more northerly from you when you come about the poynt you shall see in the southwest or somewhat more westerly from you a little thick wood of trees upon a plain hill and on each side of that little wood a little sharpe steeple and also a great tree like as if it were a mill without wings when that tree commeth to be southwest and by west from you anchor there in 9 or 10 fathom there is indifferent ground according as the ground is there by the poynt of the land it is about 13 fathom deep Or bring the north poynt northwest and the other poynt southwest and by south
from you and anchor there in ten or eleven fathom there it is good soft ground but it lasteth not long so soone as you finde the soft ground you must let fall your anchor for the ground is there at manie places not cleane or you must sayle farre about both the poynts there you lye landlockt for a northwest and north winde in tenne eleven or twelve fathom good soft ground The Peert The Peert which men doe also call the great Buck upon Iasmond is a tuffe of trees or two and is a poynt that lyeth out with two poynts where is betwixt them both a faire Sand-bay where in is good lying in foure or five fathom clean ground Jasmond and the Peert lye southsoutheast and northnorthwest distant four or five leagues To the southwards of the Peert goeth in that New-deep where men doe sayle through to Statyn THE NEW-DEEPE About a league south somewhat westerly from the Peert lyeth a poynt called the Ironhead there lyeth off a little riffe therefore you must runne alongst somewhat without that poynt and being a little past that poynt you can see the outermost buy of the New-deep For to sail into the New deep wherein lye two buyes in the middst of the deepe so that you may sayle alongst on both sides of the buyes but with shipps of great draughts you must run close along to the e. wards of the buys there is the very deepest of the channell By the outermost buye it is at the shoalest there is the barre commonly there is 11 foot water or a little more then 11 foot and a half and sometimes also well 12 foot but in the middst of the Mouth of the deep it is commonly still 12 foot and sometimes more Upon the Peert lye three high hommocks the westermost of them is the greatest one great round hommock when you keep that right without the Iron head and then run on southsouthwest when you cannot sayle amisse although there were no buyes in the mouth of the Deep When you come over the Barre you shall finde againe 4 or 5 fathom depth being a little over it you must go on southeast unto the entrance of the Peen with that course you leave the Island of the Roeden The Roeden lying at least two cables lengths on the larboard side It is there all over good anchoring Right over against Grijpswald lyeth a little Island called stobber round about which you may allmost sayle something more easterly then Grijpswald lyeth a little riffe thwart from the shoare Roade under the Roeden If you will sayle into the Peen you shall espie sailing thus right out a head at the east side of the Peen two poynts keep the eastermost a handspikes length without the westermost for to avoyd a stonie shoale which runneth off from the west poynt of the Peen untill that you come before the Peen Upon the east shoare stand 2 beakons bring them one in the other run so into the Peen which lyeth in first s w but in the comming in there is no more then 6 foot or 6 foot an half water If you will anchor under the Island the Roeden you must be mindfull of a little riffe that lyeth of from the Roeden to the s wards towards the mayne land anchor there either to the westwards or to the eastwards of it accordings as the wind shall bee in 3 fathom or 2 fathom and a halfe so shoale or deepe as you please there is the common roade for the ships The Rough Island Rough Island lyeth from the Roeden northeast and by east distant about two great leagues About eastnortheast from the Roeden For to sail out to the eastwards of the Roeden lyeth also a channell into the Sea a little to the southwards of the Rough Island that is good for to runne out with westerly winds when you cannot come out at the New deepe and also for those that are bound to Danske or to the eastwards From the Rough Island lyeth off a little riffe to the southwards which you must avoyd and runne through betwixt that and the shoale which runneth from the shoare thwart off it is the barre or shoalest off this channell not lesse then eleven or twelve foot water that is a short out let being over you shall get presently deeper water This channell is Pilots water Upon the Island the Roeden dwell Pilots which doe bring out shippes The Coast of Pomeren lyeth from the New deepe to Colbergen east and west about sixteen or seventeen leagues Betwixt them both lye yet two channells the Swinne and the channell of Camin The Swin Swin lyeth seven leagues eastwards from the New-deepe which runneth through a little River into the Haff or broade water right over against the river of Stetyn Camin Camin lyeth five leagues to the eastwards of the Swin upon the east end of the Haff or broad water of Stetyn that channell goeth through also with a river into the Haff Five leagues without the land when Jasmond is westnorthwest or thereabout the Peert westsouthwest and Rough Island south from you there lyeth a banck Banck of seven fathom upon one place somewhat lesse and upon another somewhat more betwixt it and the land towards Jasmond it is again thirteen fourteen and fifteen fathom deep but to the eastwards of the New-deepe alongst by the coast of Pomeren it is all shoale water off foure five sixe and seven fathom so farre into the Sea that when you can but even see the land of the Swin there it is not deeper then seven or eight fathom without sight of the land it is twelve thirteen fathom deep The Haven of Colbergen Colbergen you must sayle into between two heads untill you come before the Towne Within in the river right over against the town lyeth a Well or Brook which can give all the countrey thereabout Salt off water which they seeth and yet the water of the river is fresh as Milk for it is a little water that commeth out of the land The coast of Pomerland lyeth from Colbergen to Gashead northeast by east southwest and by west about 13 leagues betwixt them both lye two havens more to witt Coflyn and Ruwolde The haven of Coflyn lyeth from Colbergen eastnortheast 3 leagues distant And from Coflyn to Ruwold Coflyn Ruwolde the course is northeast and by east five leagues Into the haven of Ruwold or the little river called the Wipper an indifferent ship may go in It is from Ruwolde to Gashead northeast by east four leagues The land lyeth from Garshead to the Rosehead east and east and by north 20 or 21 leagues betwixt them lye the havens off Stolp The Stolp Liba and Sernevis A little to the eastwards of Garshead lyeth the haven off the Stolp which is a river so called as the towne which runneth up to the same towne onely for small ships although that theredoe indifferent
sand-hill which goeth sloping downe the southermost part is gray and rough being grown over with head or spyrie grasse to the southwards of it lie many rough hommockes or sand hils where sometimes you shall see amongst them a white spot so that it is very good to be known From Petten to Egmont upon the sea it is three leagues Egmont upon the sea Egmont upon the Sea is also very good to be known for it hath a thick flat steeple which standeth like a sayle in the sand-hill and a little to the southwards of it you may see Egmont-within which hath two high steeples upon the Abbey close one to the other whereof the one is sharpe and the other to wit the northermost is flat because the spire is lately falne downe A little to the northwards of the Abbey standeth another steeple of the church upon the old walls but it is not so high as that upon the Abbey so that upon all the coast of Holland there is no place so good to be known as this From Egmont upon the sea to Wyck upon the sea Wyck upon the Sea are 3 leagues that is alsoo a flat steeple when you are thwart of Wyck upon the sea you may see Beverwyck a little to the northwards of it which is a high thick and sharp steeple besides that you may see alsoo betwixt Egmont and Wyck upon the Sea Castricom and more other sharp steeples From Wyck upon the sea to Santfort it is three leagues Sandfort Sandfort hath a sharp steeple with a high fire-beakon a little to the southwards of it in the black sand-hill which sheweth it selfe alsoo like a steeple To the northwards of Sandfort lieth a high white sand-hil alongst over which you may see Haerl a high square crosse Church which hath a high sharp steeple upon the midst of the Church and alsoo to the northwards of it a high small steeple called Baecknesser steeple thwart of it hath the coast of Holland a great Bay From Sandfort to Northwyck Noortwyck upon the sea are 3 leagues that is a flat steeple whereby standeth a fire-beakon To the northwards of Northwyck upon the sea you may see Northwyck within a flat steeple whereupon standeth a little cap not very high and upon the midst of the Church standeth a little small tower From Northwyck to Catwyck Catwyck upon the sea it is a great league being also a flat steeple which in times past hath had a spire to the southwards of it standeth a high fire-beakon seeming like a steeple you may alsoo see thereabouts within the land when you are not very farre from the shoare Catwyck upon the Rhyne and Reyns-burgh and Valckenburgh all sharpe steeples From Catwyck to Schevelingen Schevelingh are 3 leagues the Quire of Scheveling Church is somewhat higher then the Church it selfe in manner as the Hagues The Hague Church a little to the southwards of that Church standeth alsoo a fire beakon About halfe a league within the land you may see the Church of the Hague which is very good to be known the Quire is higher then the body of the Church The Hagues steeple you may see far above any other part of the land From Scheveling to the Heyde The Heyde it is 2 leagues and from thence forth to Gravesand or to the north side of the Mase one league The Heyde is a village without a steeple but a little within the sand-hill standeth a flat steeple called Monster Gravesand Monster Gravesand is a high sharp steeple very good to be known which standeth on the north side of the Mase The Brill The Brill is a great flat steeple on the south side of the Maes All this coast of Holland frow Huysdown to the Maes it altogether a clean strand which meÌ„ may come so neare to as they will into 4 or 5 fathom For to sayle from the Copevaerders road out at the Tessel you must goe first southwest or somewhat westerly to the Helder For to fall out at Tessel or run alongst by the Tessell side in 9 or 10 fathom untill you come neare the Helder and then goe out west close along by the shore of the Helder and by little little somewhat more northerly untill that the capes upon Huysdown be one in the other or that the greatest come through the smallest to wit to the westwards of it and then goe out n.n.w. or more northerly or westerly according as the wind or tyde shall be untill you come against the northshoare in 5 or 6 fathom and run boldly out alongst by it untill you be cleare out at sea When the tower of Wester-end which men do name the westren or the Wambus commeth to be e. n.e from you or a little more easterly then you have the length of Cape steeples buy that is the innermost buy of the Spaniards channell which you shall espie on the larboard side To the northward of it lye three other buyes all alongst the east side of the Keysers-plate neare upon one course to wit n.n.w. or a little more northerly which you must leave in sayling out all on the larboard side The outermost buy lieth from the fourth north somewhat easterly upon the poynt of the Keysers-plate in 22 foot at low water you may run alongst to the westward of it but not far for the Keysers-plate is on the east side unto the outermost end very steep but the east shoare of the deepe is flat when you come thwart of the foresayd outermost buy then lyeth the Kooger Church right e.n.e. from you and the Capes upon Huysdown are one in the other For to finde the Spanniards Channell For to sayl in at the Spanniards Ghâ—nuelâ— comming from the northwards you must bring the Capes upon Huysdown one in the other or a little through one another to wit the runner that is the southermost and greatest a little to the eastwards of the other then they shall stand s s.e from you sayle then right in with them keeping them so and you shall sayle right upon the outermost buy or in sight of it which lyeth as is sayd upon the poynt of the Keysers-plate in 22 foot at low water when you come to the buy the Kooger Church shall lye full east north east from you Therefore if you come from the westwards or the southwards then bring that Church not more northerly then eastnortheast but rather a little more easterly from you and sayle then right in with it untill that the Capes come one right against another or else you should lightly sayle upon the Keysers-plate which is without upon the north-side very steepe Men may runne a little west wards of the outermost buy Alongst to the eastwards of it is it broader From the first or the outermost buy to the second the course is south somewhat westerly and from thence to the third fourth and fifth which is the buy of the Cape and
the Briel steeple without or northward these heads but keepe to the southward you can not then undersayle it but must run farre about southwards Full eastward of Heenvliet runs the old Maes in the Flood falles there verry hard on you must take heed that you bee not deceived with the Terwesand that is a greate flatt sand lying foremost in the midst of the old Mase The olde Mase that lyes a greate deale drye at low water and stretcheth with a long small point westwards into the Maes To shun this take notice of a bush of trees standing on the southwall a little eastward the old Maes keepe the steeple of Rotterdam northward that bush soo shall you not sayle over that Tarwesand but if you let the steeple come southward the bush you shall surely strike upon the foresayd tayle Northward of the Tarwesand Tarwe-sand is it deepe upon whith you may sayle in the old Maes even to Dort therein lye alsoo two buyes hee who will run upon the foresayd Markes of the Roterdams steeple and the bushof trees soo long till the steeple of the Briell comes together with a tilehouse which stands upon the south-side of the east end of Roosenburgh and keepe that soo standinge so shall hee not misse of the buy Beeing past the old Maes wee sayle in the midst of the water beyond Vlaerding till wee come to the five sluces from thence yee must chuse the southwall run along neare unto it till you come over a small sand or bancke where with low water there is 11 or 11 and a halfe foote water how nearer you keepe to the southwall so much the deeper it is stretching crosse the Maes assoone as you are past that so keepe straight to the Schiedams head there have you the deepest water Will you sayle to Delfs-haven Delfs-Haven beeing past Schiedam keepe the side of the northwall and run along thereby till you come before the haven and anchor there But if you will goe for Roterdam run along the Northwall so long till Ouwerschie and the house of Spanjen come together strike then over or a little sooner to the southwall and alongst thereby or bring the steeple of Vlaerding when you are past the head of Schiedam over the third house upon the Schiedams head keepe that so standing so long till the Mill and the head of Charlois upon which standeth a little bush of trees come together you shal leave a litle dry plate lying halfe way betwene Schiedam Delfs-haven on your larbord and soo run southward of the dry platt under the Haven Upon this platt lyes no more thē seavē and upon the bancke neare the haven 2 or 3 foote water and are both verry steepe Now whē the foresayd Mill and Charlois head come together so keepe them standing till you come neare the new head of Roterd sayle thē to the Citty and there along close in betweene the Citty and Platt there may you cast anchor How you sayle the Maes in with a northerly winde But if you will sayle the Mase in with a Northerly winde you must keepe the upperwall that soo you may have the smoothest deepest water for by the North-wall there goes in a depth where a full foote of water and more is thē by the buyes above writtē and is called Everskil To reach this you must bring the outermost beacons in the Brill and keepe it so standing till wee bring two bushes of trees on the North side east of it that is about a goteling shot northwards the uttermost Buy bringing the most northerly bush in with the Delfs steeple so are you then on the northside of Everschil and the southerly bush to the Lier then are you on the south side of Everskill then keepe soo long betweene both till you bring the steeple of the Brill betweene both the Beacons then are you right over against the Hompel then run againe to the land of the Briel either to the pit or the abovementioned Southergat The Goerees-gat Betwixt the land of the Brill and Goeree goe in alsoo two channells the northermost is called the Quacks-deep and is not for great ships but onely for smackes and small shippes the other is the Goerees-gat Betwixt these two channells lyeth a great plate called the Hinder which at low water is not deeper then five sixe and seven foot To the northwards of it goeth in the Quacks-deepe and to the southwards of it the Goerees-gat For to finde the Quacks-deepe Quacks-deep comming in out of the west you must keepe the steeple of the Brill east from you and run so in untill that a great country house which you shall see stand alone a litle within the poynt of the Quacke come to the southermost sand-hills of the land of the Brill which shall then stand neare about south east from you keep that then so standing and runne so right in untill that Oost-voorn come to the westermost or southermost sand-hills then runne in alongst by the strand somewhat more southerly untill that Goeree com to the eastwards or within the sand-hills and thē you shall bee past the east point of the Hinder which the Pilots call the Buyen runne then towards Goeree or to the eastwards to Hellevoet-sluce where you desire to be For to sayle in at the Goerees-gat Goerees-gat you must bring the steeple of Goeree and the Cape upon the land of Goeree one in the other and then they shall stand east and by south and eastsoutheast from you or if you can not see the cape then bring the steeples east and by south or eastsoutheast from you according as you shall have the winde sayle in right with it untill you come hard aboord the strand and within a bawles cast in alongst by it east and by north east in so long until that the land doe fal away more to the south-wards thereabouts runneth of from the shoare a little tayle which men might sayle within in going out but not in comming in there you must edge a little further off from the shoare being past that luffe up againe towards the shoare or haven of Goeree anchor there before it or els if you will run up to Hellevoet-sluce then bring the mill which standeth to the westwards of Goeree a litle to the northwards of the steeple of Goeree keepe then so standing saile so up to Hellevoet-sluce you shal not come neare the plate which lieth over against or to the southwards of Hellevoet-sluce When you saile in at the Goerees-gat with a bare southerly winde that you can not bring the cape steeple one in the other you may bring the steeple well e. s east or a great capstane bars length to the northwards of the cape then run over untill you come against the strand and so you shall runne over the tayle of the Hinder in 14 15 foot at low water but when the cape steeple are one in
north northeast in it is broad and deepe A little to the northwards of Ramehead is a faire sand-bay where men may anchor close under the land in nine and ten fathom Two leagues south a little easterly from Ramehead lyeth a Rock above water called Eddystone Eddy-stone The poynt of Plymmouth lyeth from the Eddystone North and by east and Northnortheast distant about foure leagues In the sound by the land of Plymmouth lieth a little Island which is fast to the west side with a riffe or rane of Rocks under water so that men must sayle alongst to the eastwards of it whether they be bound into Catwater Catwater or into Hamoase the west harbour If you will goe into Catwater then runne in betwixt the Island and the poynt on the east side in with the land of Plymmouth untill that you see Catwater open on the starboard side of you goe then into the eastwards betwixt the point of Plymmouth and the foresaid east point on the starboard side of you leaving the most part of the channell on the starboard side of you until you come within the poynt and anchor there right against that high steepe norther-land there is at low Water with an ordinary tyde foure and five Fathom deepe When you sayle into Catwater you must take heed and give a good birth to the souther poynt of the entry of Catwater for there lye off to the foresayd poynt a ledge of Rocks under water neare about two cables lengths from the Land and upon the poynt of the ledge or shoale lyeth a buye where is at halfe flood about twelve foot water which buye you must leave on your starboard side in going into Catwater and when you have Catwater altogether open you may run into the eastwards leaving in the entry of the harbour two third parts of the channell on the starboard side as before is sayd because the south shoare is somewhat flat off there lying a sandy bancke which reacheth to the second poynt of the south shoare of Catwater A little to the eastwards of that foresayd little Island lyeth a rocke under water upon which is at low water not deeper then two fathom For to sayle within the Island you may goe into the eastwards or to the westwards of the rock according as occasion shall serve If you wil sayle into Hamoase to the westwards of the rock then take the sounding of the Island in foure or five fathom at low water and run in so by it untill that the Fisher Village lying to the northwards a little within the land come in the west side of the valley on the north shoare then are you to run through betweene the Island and the rocke and to the westwards of the rock Within the Island upon the land of Plymmouth standeth a wall or hedge when as you see that onendling and the chappel of the foresayd Fisher-village commeth to the north-side of the Valley and Catwater commeth open then doe you runne over the Rocke Betweene the Island and the maine men may anchor in twelve and thirteene fathom If you bee bound into Hamoase Hamoase you must runne in betweene the Island and the land of Plymmouth and then in amiddest the channel betweene the two Lands untill that the entry of Hamoase be open runne then into the northwards as the channel leadeth until you come in about the west poynt and anchor there in sixteen fifteen and twelve or ten fathom In the narrow it is fifteene sixteene seventeene also twenty fathom deepe and betweene the Island and the maine eight nine tenne and twelve fathom About halfe a cables length to the eastwards of the Passage way going into Hamoase lyeth a suncken rock under water The German a suncken rock called the German about two great shippes lengths from the shoare and at low water hath not above foure foot water upon it And when men doe come any thing neare this foresayd suncken rock going into Hamoase either with the flood or the ebbe the tyde wil set them right upon it if it bee calme Therefore to avoyd it men must with calme weather give this foresayd suncken rock a good birth untill they bring the houses of the Fisher-Village called the Stone-house open of the easter-poynt of the Passage way and then runne in over towards the north shoare until they have hidden the Island in the foresayd easterne poynt of the passage way for to avoyd a suncken Rock Suncken Rocks that lyeth off to the eastwards from the North poynt of the Beach on the West-side of the Passage way a halfe cables length off and then runne amids the channel into Hamoase Upon this foresayd suncken Rock at low water is not above 3 or 4 foot water In the sound of Plymmouth not farre to the northwards of the Mewstone lye two or three suncken rockes Suncken Rocks upon which remaine at low water not more then three or foure fathom water the markes of them are these To the eastwads of Plymmouth standeth a Tower with a Mill and to the Westwards of the foresayd little Island standeth a Gentlemans house when the little tower or turret of that house commeth over the poynt on the west side of the Island the foresayd Tower and Mill to the eastwards of Plymmouth come one over the other then are you upon the innermost suncken rocke or shoale which it at low Water foure fathom deepe But when the poynt of Hamoase commeth even without the poynt to the westwards of the Island and the foresayd Tower and mill alsoo one in the other Then are you upon the outermost rocke where it is at low water and spring-tyde three fathom and a half deepe From Ramehead west by south five leagues lyeth Foy and betwixt them on the coast lyeth a little Island a little to the eastwards of a poynt called Talland-poynt thwart of West-Louwe called Louw-Island Low-Island you may anchor there to the easterwards of the Island in 5 or 6 fathom Foy Foy is a broad haven where a ship may go in at a half flood at the east-side of the haven standeth a little church with a little steeple on the west side a white church somewhat greater then that upon the east land with a square steeple at the west end of it For to sayle into Foy you must have at least a halfe flood and runne in midst the channel betwixt the two poynts and being come within then chuse which side you will but the most water is by the west land betweene the stakes and the Tower that standeth upon the west land Being come within the Stakes as you come in by the west land then beare somewhat off presently from the west shoare almost into the middle of the channell nearest to the west shoare untill you come before the Village that lyeth on the west side there is a deepe docke where a shippe that draweth sixteene foot water may lye a float at low