de sable secheresses et inprofonditez la envirâ—n comment commodieusement on navigera lesdictz lieux et evitera touz perilz CHAPTER VI. A TRVE DESCRIPTION of the Sea-coasts of France and Biscayen betweene the Iland of Heys S. Iohn de Luz and Cabo de Massichaco I. To sayle into the Kiliates and Porthus and so to Brouwage as also the situation of Mammâ—sont THe Kiliates or S. Martens Iland is distant from Heys east-southeast 12 or 13 leagues If you will sayle to Kiliates then runne east and by south and east-southeast till you be past the Baers of Olone Baerse of Olone which lye about two leagues from Olone east by south 7 leagues from Heys so that it lyeth right in the chanel and because it is nothing els but rockes and stones therefore it is not good to goe to neare to it in darke wether you may well sayle round about them and at lowe water they are seene He that will sayle from Heys to Kiliates To sayle into the â—â—â—iates within through the Baers first he must hold his course east and being within the Baers of Olone then sayle to that land of Poictou that reacheth from Olone to S. Martens Iland east-southeast from Olone to the Picqueliers n.w. then sayle by the land of Poictou and leave two third-partes of the water to S. Martens Iland and one third-part towards the firme land and sayle in this sort so long untill S. Martens church be s s w. from you then you may goe well over the banck before S. Martens Bancâ— before S. Martens and anckor at 5 or 6 fathome But when the church aforesaid is south and by west from you for on that side of the Iland so farre inwards it is all banckie then the chanel is deepe there 12 fathome and when S. Martens church is southwest from you then it is still dryer then you may well turne toward the Iland at 4 or 5 fathome as I said before it dryeth up there verie quickly for from 10 fathome you finde presently but five or sixe fathome If you will goe with a shippe that draweth much water over the banck which commeth off from the Closter to Urck then staye till it be half flood for upon the banck at lowe water it is no more then three fathome and two foot water but when it is somewhat flowed a great shippe may well goe over it When the steeple of Lisors standeth at the north-ende of Urck or Travelenes then you are upon the dryest part of the banck but when the steeple is over the south-ende of the Iland then it beginneth to be deepe againe The markes to keepe the deepest water when you goe over the banck are these Markes of the deepest water hold the great steeple of Rochell a bowe length southward from the boxe-tree which standeth upon the northerlyest height and so sayle over the banck If you will anckor in the Rode before the Closter under the banck then runne at sixe and seven fathome and anckor there But if you will not anckor under S. Martens but will goe forward to the Brand-Iland then place the steeple of Lesors or Lussoer over the house which standeth upon the litle Iland keepe it so and then you cannot miscarrie upon Laverdin Laverdiâ— The Layerdins are certaine rockes lying a quarter of a league from the east-point of S. Martens Iland and with a lowe water after a spring-tyde are seene above the water You may also sayle through betweene La-verdin and S. Martens Iland there it is deepe ynough The markes of Laverdin are these Markes of Laverdin when the great steeple of Rochel commeth upon the south-point of the Bos and that the other point northward from the Bos be right over against the north-point of the Bos then you are right upon the Laverdin so that whensoever you goe into the Kiliates and that Rochell is a shippes length without the point of the Bos then you are past the Laverdin then you may boldly goe southeast and by south unto the Brand-Iland To sayle into Porthus which lyeth southeast and by east from Heys distant 15 leagues it is a wide and broad haven reaching in betweene S. Martens Iland and Oleron or Olderdom east-southeast When you will sayle into Porthus To sayle into Porthus you must sayle along by S. Martens Iland to the east-ende thereof and then if you will anckor under the Bos keepe the great steeple of Rochel a shippes length without the Bos then you cannot be hurt upon Laverdin but if you will anckor under the Abbay or Closter of S. Martens Iland then keepe the said Closter without the sandie point of the same Iland and so runne into the sandie bay on the east-side of the closter so you sayle not also by Laverdin At the north-ende of Oleron lyeth the Crage The Crage of Oleron which is a verie foule dangerous rock when you sayle through betweene S. Martens Iland and Oleron and if you goe up into the toppe of the mast then you may see it lye in the water goe no nearer to it by night then 12 or 13 fathome When you come by the east-ende of S. Martens Iland and sayle into Porthus and meane to goe into Brant Iland Brant-Iland then you must sayle to it southeast and by east When the steeple of the Four is over the Burnt or Brant Iland then you may cast your ballast over borde there it is 12 fathome deepe But if you will sayle up into the River of Saranten River of Xarante then goe southward about the Burnt Iland you may also sayle about it northward and sayle by the steeple of the Four at a lowe water this River is drie four leagues within the land To sayle from the Burnt Iland to Browage to sayle to Brouwage sayle s s e. and keepe the litle steeple of Heer 's so long west from the wood until the steeple of Four be over against the red tyled house which standeth upon the south-side of the river of Sarenten then sayle in southeast and sometimes s e. and by e. untill the village of Front which lyeth upoÌ„ the strand be north from Soubise when Soubise commeth within the village aforesaid and the mill above the village then you are against the point of the east-banck East-baÌ„ck then goe southeast and by south and set the uttermost steeple of Hers upon the uttermost hillock of sand whereon the Gallowes stand and keepe them standing so and sayle s s.e and then when the steeple of Hers coÌ„meth to the east-corner of the valley in the wood then hold that sharp steeple right over the east-corner of the valley in the wood sayle so untill you are within the Creeke or River of Brouwage At Brouwage there was somtime no one house standing whereas now there is a fair strong towne which hath beene so within these fiftie yeares The Banjaert Banjaert lyeth along by the land
of Oleron reacheth into the Burnt Iland at a lowe water it is above it and the foot or tayle thereof reacheth out farre northward If you must laveere outward from the Creeke to the Burnt Iland then â—et not the steeple of Rochel without the Burnt Iland before you are right against it because of the Banjaert for so you can doe no hurt to your self To sayle out of the Sea into the Mammesond to sayle into the Mammesondt you must understand that it reacheth in east and by north and e. n. e. and is deepe ynough for a great shippe when you come within it there runneth up southeast a river where you lade salt going towards Salis Markes to shuÌ„ne the Flatte and when passing by it you come to the other point of Mammesont then there lyeth a Flatte which you must goe northward about with these markes you must hold the mille which standeth upon the land of Oleron over against the trees and so you goe northward about the Flatte there is the Rode for those that will fetch salt at Oleron But if you will sayle from within out of the River againe to sayle from with in through Porthus then you must sayle about so long east untill that Salis be over the trees that stand within Merven Now to shunne the tayle or the Sand which shooteth off from the point of Oleron when Salis is over against the trees then sayle north and by west to the Burnt Iland but bring Duke Charles steeple southward froÌ„ the Burnt Iland that you may not sayle under the Banjaert when the steeple of Hers commeth upon the wood hold it standing so until that Rochel commeth over against the north-corner of the Burnt Iland and then sayle out at Porthus From the west-ende also of S. Martens A Riffe at the west-ende of S. Martens Iland there shooteth out a Sand which you must shunne There lyeth a great rowe of Rockes in the Sea upon the which at lowe water there is not above 4 or 5 fathome they are called Wrkamia Wrckamia the Sea ravels alwaies much upon them these Rockes lye south and s and by w. from Heys 13 leagues from Olone s w. and w. s w. from S. Martens Iland and west from the Iland of Oleron To know S. Martens Iland there standeth a high steeple with a high house and a mill upon the strand and you shall see four or five high downes Upon Oleron also there standeth a high speere steeple upon a redde point whereon you may see some trees also standing and southward there are craggie downes in two or three places Thus S. Martens Iland sheweth when it is n. by e. from you When you sayle into or out of Porthus then S. Martens Iland sheweth thus La Fosse de Loys S. Marten Closter S. Iohn Thus Oleron or Olderdom sheweth it self when you are before Porthus about four leagues from the land II. To sayle into and out of the River of Burdeaux FRom the Krage of Oleron to the steeple of Cordam Cordam it is s s e. and south and by east 13 leagues To knowe the River you must understand that the downes that lye east or north from the steeple of Cordam are five or sixe white high downes and that the land southward from it is lowe land black downes overgrowne with heath The Monages Monages or Monasses reach off from the steeple of Cordam towards the high downes upon the north-land which is a small white sand which you may sound round about at seven fathome till you be within the steeple of Cordam which standeth upon the same Sand yet the ende is verie steepe for by the point of Monages it is 20 fathome deepe To sayle up into the River of Burdeaux called La Garonne you must understand that the right chanel reacheth in n. e. and by n. till you be at the high downes upon the north-land those high downes you must set northeast and by north from you goe in n. e. and n. e. by n. as winde and streame serveth untill you come to a peeces shotte about those high downes then the castle at Talemont wil stand within two ships length southward from the point of Massie whereon all the milles stand and the village of Soulack within the land will come within two shippes length of the southpoint of the River keepe the castle that standeth upon the Sand two shippes length without the point of Messie and then goe southeast and by east till you are within the point of Messie whereon the milles stand which is 4 leagues within the River To get this haven to get to the haven when you come out of the Sea then know that when the steeple of Cordam standeth e. by n. from you and that you ruÌ„ne upon it to the markes aforesaid that is when the high downes upon the north-land stand n. e. by n. from you then you saile without the South-asses that is south about from them then goe to the downes aforesaid n. e. by n. and so further inward as I said before that is the right chanel But when Cordam steeple is e. s e. from you then you may also runne upon it forward through the Asses to the markes aforesaid of the high downes and this chanel is three fathome deepe And when the steeple of Cordam is southeast and s e. by e. from you there goeth also a wide and broad chanel through the North-asses of 2 fathome deepe which you may also ruÌ„ne into to the aforesaid markes of the high downes and goe forward upon them northeast and n. e. and by n. as aforesaid To sayle into the south-chanel How to sayle into the south-chanel you must knowe that it runneth in by the land set the steeple of Cordam north from you and when Royanen is northeast and northeast by north from you then the highest steeple commeth within a shippes length of the middlemost point of the north-land and you are upon 5 fathome on the strand then sayle upon Royan and it will still be dryer that is four and also three fathome and upon the innermost threshold of the chanel 15 and 16 foot at high water then when the house that standeth westward of Royan coÌ„meth into the middle of the Sandbaye then ruÌ„ne over the threshold which being over runne to the point of Missie within this threshold of the south-chanel it is 20 fathome deepe on the south land you may anckor at 6 7 and 8 fathome You may also goe into this haven all sounding with your lead along to Monages at 4 and 5 fathome till you be within the Flat which lyeth without the chanel There runneth a chanel also in by the north which is verie crooked you must runne to the strand at 4 fathome and keepe along by it and then comming against the north-corner of the high downes there it is two fathome deepe at the deepest and that is at
Steeple of Zuyderwou commeth even with Kinnigherbuert which are the houses that stand half way between Schyteldoecks haven Diergerdam then goe eastward to the Land untill the New church of Amsterdam joynes with Diergerdam keepe the New-church standing so until the church of Weesp is even with the house of Muyen Markes of the deepest water of Pampus if that the church of Muyen standeth nearer then the house kepe Weesp standing so until you see Edam without the east ende of Marcken In this chanel it is almost a foot deeper then if you sayle right through But to shunne Muyer-sand Mariners were woont to bring the houses that were woont to stand upon Tyort southward of the Heyliger-stee of Amsterdam there by a man may make some gesse Markes of Muydersand and they are good long-markes but when Monnikedam is about the west ende of Schiteldoecks haven and the house of Muyen between Weesp and Muyen church then you are against Muydersand But to sayle right through over Pampus you must keepe Diemer steeple above or against the point of Tyort as long as you may see Tyort for that is a right longmarke to sayle over Pampus When you are right against the east ende of Marken then you must goe northeast and somewhat more easterly to the fall of Urck which is almost seven leagues from thence but when you come within a league of Urck then you come to a hard sand called Houtrib which stretcheth southeast and northwest crosse over the water which hath no moore water upon it then is upon the flattes of Wieringen or Vriesland so that you can finde no deeper water upon it then right through Markes of the Houtrib When Enchuysen is northwest northwest-by-west from you then you are upon the Houtrib when Urck lyeth more northerly then northeast from you that you finde Sand that is certainly the Houtrib for you can not sayle so by Enchuysen sand you are not at Enchuysen sand before that Urck church is southward of the buert of houses that stand upon Urck or when the walles of the old church stand right against the middle of the buert then you are about Enchuysen sand Markes of Enchuysen sand then sayle northwest by west til Medenblick commeth without the point of Ven then goe west-north-west to the tonne upon Hofstede Betweene Urck and the Hofstede tonne there lyeth a flatt of hard sand reaching to the ende of Enchuysen sand The flatto betweene Vrck and Hofstede which is no deeper then the Vries-flatt eastward about is the deepest water on the west side which by some men is called Cat-gat you are sooner about the High-horne or Enchuysen sand and it is good for ships that goe not deep when Enchuysen steeple is southwest or more westerly from you then you are upon the flatte The Crosse-markes of the tonnes both upon the Creupel Hofstede are Grootebroeck and Hem Markes of the tonnes betweene Hofstede and the Cripple which are two sharp steeples comming right over against each other then also if a sharp steeple called Warnes cōmeth on the south-side of Stavern clif then you have the length of these tonnes which lye both at 3 fathome the one upon the east banck the other upon the point of the Creupel the right chanel is here 4 fathomes and an half soft ground Markes of Cripple-sand When the steeple of Medenblick is northward of Medenblick howse as farr as the breadth of the house then you have gone by and past Creupel sand then goe to the tonne that lyeth by Kreil north-west north-west-by-north as the winde the streame is the right Chanel here is scarse 5 fathome But when you come against the Kreil in sayling out or about the Kreil sayling in there lyeth right within the Kreil on the north side a hard sand or flatte called South-Kreil which reacheth along towards the tonne at the Hofstede there at a lowe water it is but 9 foot deep but between this banck the north wal it is 3 fathome deepe soft ground and south or west it is 4 fathome and an half deepe Markes of the flattes betweene the Kreil the Hofstede The markes of this flatt are when Mirnes a flat steeple in Friesland is right over a long Land-house which standeth southward from Stavern church then you are right against the said flatt But the markes of the tonne that lyeth before Kreil are tehse when the sharp steeple of Twisch which standeth westward from Memelick is right against the Corne-mill that standeth westward from Memelick Markes of the ton at the Creil and when the flatte Steeple of Mirnes is against the south side or east side of the Clif then you are at the tonne which lyeth at the Kreil and the Chanell is there 4 fathome and an half and 5 fathome soft ground But the tōne lyeth upon 4 fathome and when necessitie compelleth you you may sayle a cables length eastward about then from the tonne at the Kreil to the tonne at the Freese Plact the course is north and by east when Twisck is right north from Memelick then keepe the steeple standing so as long as you can see it so you shall not sayle upon any shallowes betweene the Plaet and the Kreil Betweene the tonne at the Kreil and the Freese Plaet on the west shore there lyeth a hard sand called Monicksand Monicsād which you may shunne well when you are some what out of the way but when you are about the Kreil then you must goe north by east right through over the point of Breesand to the tonne lying west from Worcum with a ship that draweth not much water but the right Chanell is deeper as followeth If you sayle with a ship that draweth much water over the Frees-flatte then set the flat steeple of Pandraghen standing west of Worcum so Markes of the ton at the Frees-plaet that it may stād west from the houses that lye westward from Worcum that is a good Long-marke for the tonne that lyeth at the Frees-Plaet If you have a ship that draweth much water then goe eastward of the tonne about the Freese Plate for there is more water then westward When Warnes Mirnes are right over against each other northward from Stavern then you have the length of this tonne and when you are past this tonne then goe north-north-east so long till Pandraghen commeth betweene the buert of houses and Voorwold if then the Cliffe standeth right upon Stavern there you have the deepest water upon the dryest place of the flatte Deepest water at the Vlack then goe some what more northerly to the tonne that lyeth at the bought for eastward of this tōne it is al flatt water to Freesland The Long-marks of this Tōne at the bought are Markes of the tonne at the bocht when Pandraghen is right against Voorwolde which is a steeple that stādeth westward from Worcum on the water
side you may sayle by this tonne on the east side and if you have a ship that draweth much water then you must goe close west by the tonne that you may not sayle by the point of Breesand which commeth from the west banck These are the Markes of the deepest water upon the dryest part of the flatt when the Newland which is a sharp steeple standing by Bolsweert commeth betweene Voorwold aforesaid and the aforesaid village or buert of houses Markes of the deepest water on the Flat the old Crosse-markes of the tonne at the bought are Mirnes Molqueren Hemelum and some long buert of houses when these four stand together then you have the length of this tonne which lyeth upon 14 foot and between these two tonnes that is the tonne at the Frees-plact and that at the bought is the dryest of the flatte Now when the tonne at the bought is sidewaies on you then goe north and by west and some what more westerly to the tonne lying west from Worcum which lyeth upon these markes Markes of the ton be-west Worcum There standeth a sharp steeple farre within the Land called Harich when it is right over certaine buert-houses which lye northward of Hinloopen called Dertwisch there this tonne lyeth upon the east wall at 16 foot low water the right depth there against it is full 3 fathome The old markes are two villages nearest to Mackum which stand north-east from you come through each other and stand upon the water side and when they are a litle through each other then you shall see two litle steeples some what northerly from Bolsweert which come within verie litle one hard by the other in manner as the other stand separated that stand upon the water side the one is called Idsega houses The Cros-marks are these Crosse-markes there standeth a high house on the east ende of Condom which commeth within a windbomes length neere to the south ende of Hinlopen and when that house commeth on the south ende of Hinlopen thē you are to near the cast banck and when it standeth the length of a cable or more from Hinlopen then you are to neare to the west shore these are the markes of the tonne at west from Worcum From thence to the tonne at Iglepoint the course is north the markes thereof are these there standeth a sharp steeple called Lutgeest with a long village crosse from you when that steeple is within the innermost gap of the long village Markes of the ton at Iglehooke then you are against the tonne and that is a good crosse marke but the long-markes are when the sharp steeple of Pingom is right against the flat steeple of Corenwaert standing upon the water side and Pandraghen is right against a litle house which standeth northward from the village with the gap or when the milles of Stavern stand betweene the towne and the bulwarke of Stavern these are all good Long-markes of the tonne at Igelhooke and this tonne when you sayle outward may be sayled by on the east side and so you may come northward of the middle ground againe into the Vlie-streame but not with great ships From Iglehooke to the Middle ground the course is north south the right depth in the Middle ground is 7 fathome but in the chanell betweene west of Worcum and the Middle ground it is 4 fathome deepe good ground Markes of the boye at the Middlegroūd and the east wall is flat and the west is shoring The tonne of the middle ground lyeth upon these markes when the two sharp steeples which stand northeast or there aboutes from you that is Arum Pingom are both one against the other then you have the length of this tonne or when Bolswert is right north with a house that standeth north from Mackum these are good Crosse-markes of the middle ground Long-markes are these when Kinswaert that is the Looper is right behinde Surich church then you are right in the chanell This Surich church standeth on the water side upon a point of land about northeast and by north from you or when the flat steeple of Wynaldum or Wynaem which standeth north from Harlinghen sheweth betweene Mildum Harlinghen then you are right in the middle ground and unto which side Winaldum standeth nearest unto that shore are you nearest Wynaldum must stand betweene the east ende of Harlinghen and Mildum but Mildum nearest this is a right Long-marke The right chanel in Middlegrond is 7 fathome as aforesaid and both the sides or grounds are shoring When you are through the Middleground will sayle outward to the Vlie you must not sayle by any pointes of sand on the west along to Monick Slot Middle plaet but you must not goe nearer to the west shore betweene the Middle ground and Swanebalgh then three fathome deepe and from Swanebalgh forward going outward you must not goe nearer then 4 fathome and you must be diligent to cast out your lead specially when you come against Schieringshals but whē you come out of the Sea homewards you may sayle under the west shore as it shall hereafter be declared When you come in out of the Sea you may sayle by the ton that lyeth at the Middleground for there is a flatte called Middle flatte which you may sayle eastward about and so come southward of the ton to Iglehooke again into the Vlie-streame but not with great ships Dominicus plaet this Middle plaet lyeth on the east shore on the west shore also you sayle by a flat called Dominicus flatte before you come to the Middle ground which is also called the point of the Waert or Doode balgh upon it there standeth a rowe of beakons northward from this Flatte there is a good Rode right over against the tonne at Swanebalgh for there you have shallowe water and litle streames When you are past the tonne or boye of Middle ground Markes of the ton at Swanbalgh then goe n. n. w. to the tonne at Swanebalgh The Crosse-markes of this tonne are when Bolswaert is right over a smale short house which standeth southward of Cornwaert then you have the length of this tonne and here you may sayle by a point of sand when you goe outward This tonne lyeth at 3 fathome on the east wall on the west wall you may cast out your lead and finde 4 fathome water all along to Schieringshals When you are inward then keepe on the cast shore with a fore-flood Markes of the long reach for it would draw you into this shelf before you were aware of it The markes to sayle along by this long reach are these you may see Mackum with a mill on the waterside which lyeth southeast from you southward from Mackum there is a village with a flatte steeple called Idsegahuysen Now when Pandraghen cōmeth betweene Mackum and this village you neede not feare the point of sand or Doodebaigh but
are past the white tonne then againe it is deeper as three four and against the black tonne at Speckhooke five fathome at lowe water the south wall betweene both is flatte so that you may cast out the lead and sound it the white tonne aforesaid lyeth upon the south ende of Peters sand when you sayle out you must leave it on baghborde and the black tonne on starreborde a man with a ship that is something flatte bottomed may sayle a litle northward from the white tonne over the aforesaid point of Peters sand with twelve foot deepe lowe water and a litle northerly from the northerlyest white tonne of Speckhooke enter againe into the chanell From the black tonne at Speckhooke to the tonne at Hobbesand HobbesaÌ„d the course is north-north-west the right depth there betweene them both is five sixe seven eight nyne fathome The tonne lyeth upon the point of Hobbesand at five fathome deepe lowe water Right over against the tonne at Hobbesand lyeth the most northerly white tonne at Speckhooke The north white ton at Speckhooke you must leave the tonne at Hobbesand on starborde and the white tonne on baghborde on the west shore it is verie shoring and right north from the aforesaid white tonne on the west shore there lyeth a Flatte which at lowe water is cleane drie From the ton at Hobbesand to the tonne at Bos it is north-north-west â—nd that lyeth at five fathome at the ende of the Bos. The Bos. Thâ—â—â—ght depth betweene Hobbesand the Bos is tenne nyne eight fathome The west wall is verie shoring and you must not goe nearer then sixe fathome to the east wall specially with a foreflood for it would easily carrie you behinde the Bos. From the toÌ„ne at the Bos to the tonne at Feyhook Feyhook the course is n. n. w. That is a white ronne and it lyeth at the east ende upon the point of Peters sand at 3 fathome lowe water when you will goe out at the north chanell then you leave it on baghborde and then you must goe southward But to goe out at Bomekens chanel you must leave it on starreborde and against it Bomekens chanell is northwest it is there 7 or 8 fathome deepe lowe water and on the west wall lyeth Peters sand also a drie flatte north from the said drie flatte Slenck through Bomekens ground Right west-north-west from the tonne of Fayhooke there runneth a Slencke through Bomekens ground which at lowe water is about 12 foot deep but it is not marked or shewed The west ende of Bomekens chanell is verie shoring to the ende thereof but the east shore is flatte which may be sounded with the line northwarde from Feyehooke at 3 fathome and an half without any hurt Betweene Feyhooke and the uttermost tonne The uttermost ton in Bomekens chanell there lyeth two tonnes more From Feyhooke to the first of them it is north-north-west that lyeth on the east shore at 5 fathome from thence to the other or almost to the uttermost the course is north and by west and that lyeth in the middle of the chanell at 4 fathome and an half lowe water from thence to the uttermost tonne it is north-north east the uttermost tonne lyeth in the Sea at 10 fathome right without the point of the west land or of Bomekens ground betweene the uttermost tonne and the second tonne at the entrie of the chanell it is 3 fathome lowe water When you are at the uttermost tonne then the steeple of Brandaris the west cape of the Schellingh are one against the other and stand about south-east and some what more easterlie from you when you sayle out at that chanell that you come to the first tonne at Feyhooke you may goe out along by the cast land at 3 and 3 fathome and an half most part north-north-east leave the two uttermost tonnes a good way from you on baghbord for the east shore is altogether flat and good to be sounded with the lead TO sayle out at the north chanel To sayle out at the north chanel sayle just south to the toÌ„ne at Feyhooke n. and by east to the old Legger which lyeth on the south wall at 3 fathome the water is 4 fathome deepe Betweene the tonne at Feyhooke the Bos it is verie narrowe and the Bos is there verie shoring so that you cannot sound it all along to the old Legger where it is flatter so it may there be founded Petersand or the north wall also is verie shoring From the old Legger to the new Legger the course is northeast and by east east north east that lyeth also on the south shore at two fathome an half the right depth against it is 3 fathome and an half when you come to the newe Legger A Slenck through Petersand then Brandaris steeple lyeth south-south-east from you From the new Legger there runneth a Slencke crosse through Petersand north-north-west into the Sea upon the entrie at lowe water you have 12 foot deepe There standeth a cape upon the Schellingh a litle eastward by the cape of Bomekens chanel which is right against Brandaris when you come to the new legger and then it standeth with the steeple south-south-east from you you must hold the cape so right against Brandaris and then goe n.n.w. into the Sea It is a faire Slenck for flat bottomed shippes the west wal is shoring but the east side is flatte so that you may sound it wel But to goe out of the north chanel from the new Legger then the course from the new Legger to the second tonne froÌ„ without inward is east-north-east and that lyeth at the east ende of the Bos at 14 foot deep low water in the chanel right against it it is no deeper From thence to the uttermost toÌ„ne it is e. n. e. which lyeth in the Sea right without the east point of Petersand at 3 fathome when you are at it then the most northerly cape at the Schellingh is right against Brandaris and then they are s s w. from you then you are out of the chanel BUt to goe out of the Land-deepe from the Schellingh with ships that goe not very deepe To sayle out of the Land-deep of the Schelligh then goe betweene the toÌ„ne at Hobbesand and the tonne at Bos northeast to the northwest point of the Schellingh then sayle over the point of Ielmers Flat to 4 fathome and being over it is againe 6 and 5 fathome deepe then sayle close along by the strand of the Schellingh Ielmers Flatte for so you cannot doe amisse if you sayle not bluntly upon the shore The north shore or the Bos is fine and flatte which you may sound al along at 3 fathome or 2 fathome and an half when you come to the ende of the Bos that is right against the secoÌ„d tonne of the north chanel there it is flat and there is no more
forward to the ninth or last tonne the course is east the sixt tonne lyeth also upon the north side at two fathome an half but the right depth betweene the sixt tonne and the land is about 5 fathome the nearer to the wall the deeper when you are past by the ninth or last tōne which lyeth right against the Nesse then turne towards the Mayland of the Briel where you shall see certaine boyes and some smale tonnes you must sayle through betweene them and so along forward by the land to the head where you may cast anckor when you passe betweene the boyes and the tonnes there you shall find tenne foot water at the lowest but there it is verie narrowe so that you can not lavere or winde there Therefore if it chance that as you enter into the Mase you have a sharp winde then marke that when you come to the seventh tonne Eastvooren being three or four ships length westward from the uttermost cape about southwest from you that you keepe those markes standing so and goe on northeast and so you shall goe over a Flatte of nine foot water which is wide and broad when you are past it you shall have three fathome water againe but as soone as you perceive that it beginneth to be deepe water againe then you must presently sayle southeast towards the land of the Briel without danger and when you are at the head there you may cast ankor there you have five sixe and seven fathome water If you will goe farther up there you may have a Pilot and sayle up the Mase where you desire to be To sayle frā northward into the Mase If you come out of the north and will enter into the Mase then sayle along by the land of Holland at three fathome water and goe along in that sort within the mouth or entrie of the Mase so long untill you have the capes upon the land of the Briel one right against the other and so you shall fall upon the third tonne in the Mase and from thence you may sayle forward into the Mase as I said before By the footstrand of Gravesand there is now againe a fair passage broken called the Landdeepe or Northgat or chanell in the yeere 1608 marked at the charge of the Seatownes lying upon the Mase and now is signed with sixe red tonnes To sayle into the land deepe or North-chanel If you will sayle in at the Northgat or chanell of the Mase comming from Sea then set the beakons or capes that stand on the north side of the Mase full one against another hold them so standing and sayle right forward and then you shall sayle upon the body of the outmost tonne which lyeth at 18 foot lowe water the towre or steeple of Gravesand lyeth severed from the uttermost tonne full east and by north and the Briel lyeth from it almost southeast and by south if then you set the towre or steeple of Gravesand east and by north from you and sayle forward till the foresaid beakons come one against the other then can you not misse the uttermost tonne From the first tonne to the second and third is the course east-south-east The second tonne lyeth upon twelve foot comming thither let the capes be a capstock-beame length each from other and the Hey stand under the downe The third tonne lyeth at eleven foot then Gravesand is on the high downe The fourth tonne lyeth at 11 foot also then commeth Monster upon the bores house When you are past the fourth tonne then shal you finde deeper water namely 15 and 16 foot and there if occasion require it is fit to anckor But against the fift tonne it is somewhat shallower for it lyeth at 12 foot then commeth Monster through Gravesand The sixt tonne lyeth also at twelve foot and when you come unto it then commeth Eastvooren upon the land of the Briel within the uttermost or the most westerly cape From hence which is on the southside of the Mase sayle boldly forward to the head of the Briel south-south-east there are no shallowes nor dangerous places and there anckor where you please All the tonnes upon the north chanel are red tonnes and lye all on the south wall so that if you sayle inward you must leave them all on starborde and sayle northward along They that come from Scheveling or out of the north along the strand and will goe in at the north chanel of the Mase must keepe along the wall at eighteene foot and then they shall fall upon the uttermost tonne or if you sayle nearer the shore at 11 or 12 foot then you shall come to the second tonne The wall or shore is verie faire without daunger so that if there were no tonnes you might wholly passe by the footstrand with the help and direction of the lead at 10 11 or 12 foot so deepe or shallowe as you thought good or as the flood permitted when you are come in by the direction of the lead so farre that Eastvooren commeth through the uttermost cape on the south wal then you may sayle right forward to the head of the Briel as afore is said This Situation of the North chanell was described to me in writing by the Pilots of the Briel in Ianuarie in the yeere 1610. All the depths here specified touching the Mase NOTA. are to be understood at lowe water and the measure of the depth is to be understood of Mase feet which are so much greater then the North Holland feet that they gayne one foot in 12. Before the Mase a southwest and by west and a northeast and by east moone make a high water and before the Briel a southwest and a northeast moone and it sloweth there with a continuall daiely tyde 5 or 6 foot up and downe a litle after that the flood beginneth to runne without before the Mase then it falleth also right into the Mase so that there is small difference to be seene whether it be without or within the chanell or mouth of the Mase IIII. How you shall sayle into the Goree gat or chanell IF you will sayle in at Goree gat or chanell when you come out of the west then let the cape that standeth upon the land of Goree stand right against the steeple of Goree and then it will stand east and by south from you sayle straight upon it A Flat before the Goree ga◠to the land of Goree and so you shall goe over a great Flatte where at lowe water at the dryest there is not lesse then three fathome water or a litle more When you are over that Flat goe neare to the strand of Goree then you have deeper water again 5 6 7 8 fathom then goe forward close by the footstrād until Goree stādeth s w. frō you thē anckor where you think good for so far inward it is good anckoring in every place But if you come from the north or out of
must goe over close by the banck it is 3 fathome deepe To sayle into Duynkerck At Duynkerck they burne fire by night from half flood to half ebbe and no longer if you will enter into it you must understand that the lowest beakons stand nearest to the water which you must keepe one right against the other till you be within the heads shunne the west-side and runne in close by the east-head into the haven the west-head lyeth further into the Sea then the other doth To sayle into Greveling Greveling is a tyde-haven vvhere you must enter at high water there stand beakons vvhich you must hold one against the other so sayle in betvveene the heads on the vvest-side there is a Sand-banck vvhich you must shunne But vvhen you goe along by the coast of Flanders through Wolbrechsont and that you come at last to the Smal-banck then you come to the vvest ende of the Sand that lyeth out at Greveling which reacheth farre into the Sea on the east-side thereof you may goe into the haven of Greveling and there a great waie it is flat water but by night you must runne in right upon the fire and right west from the haven of Greveling there lyeth a banck of five fathome about west into the Sea There you may runne over it at three fathome This Sand is called the Neweland which lyeth along by the land to the haven of Calis When you are past that Sand of Newland then sayle to the east head of Calis To sayle into Calis and goe in close by the head to the towne when you are within the west-head then you must turne westward into the Cuype where you lye drie at lowe water but from the west-head there commeth a Sand-banck falling off but you must runne in betweene that Sand-bancke and the east-head when it is tyde there are two fires by which you goe in There lyeth also crosse from the west-head of Calis a banck of two fathome betweene the head or Mayeland and this banck you may goe through at 3 fathome half flood the banck is two fathome deepe and under Calis cliffe you may anckor at 10 fathome at the east-ende but at the west-ende there lyeth a rock under the water which is about a Culvers shotte from the land and this Calis Cliffe lyeth betweene Calis and Swartenesse whereof somewhat shall be spoken in the chapter enseweing XIIII The scituation and stretching of the Flemish banckes ABout two leagues from Ostende lyeth the Tricx The Tricx a banck whereon there is not above 15 or 16 foot water When the Old church is right against the steeple of the Newe church then you are against this banck and when S. Catelines steeple is right against Ostende then you sayle against that banck betweene this banck and the head of Ostende there lyeth another banck of 3 fathome water Betweene Ostende Newport there lyeth 4 bancks which begin al four right against Ostende the 2 nearest the land ende against Newport the other two reach almost to Duynkerck along the land The first is called the Geere Geere betweene this banck and the land there goeth a chanel of 8 9 10 fathome The 2 called Laland Laland which endeth also against Newport betweene these two bancks there runneth also a chanel of 8 9 fathome The 3 is called Stroom Stroom which rūneth almost to Duynkerck on the east ende having a point which reacheth east ending almost against Newport it is a banck of 3 or 4 fathome and of 5 and 6 fathome at the east ende The 4 called Sandele Sandele Calbanck Calbanck or Oudemoers banck Oudemoers-banck rūneth along by Breebanck the utmost ende is at least 2½ leagues long Such shippes as desire to goe into Duynkerck and will not sayle along by Flanders runne about without these banckes til they come against Breebanck and then goe in by it at 5 or 6 fathome The chanel is 15 fathome deepe Markes of these bancks and everie one of these four banckes hath a drie polder when two flat steeples southward from Newport stand a bowe length frō each other then you are right against these four Sands which are no deeper with a lowe water then 1 fathome at a spring flood fall almost drie Betweene all these banckes you may anckor at 9 10 11 13 fathome vvithout it is 9 10 11 12 fathome deepe you may runne over them at 4 fathome but vvhen you are vvestward frō them then it is deeper that is 8 9 and 10 fathome Broers banck Broers-banck is three cornerd it lyeth close by the lād against Broers the Closter in the downes reacheth from the land about vv n. vv a league into the Sea vvhen the Closter in the dovvnes or Broers lyeth s from you then you are on the inside of Broers banck you may passe along betvveene this banck and the land at 4 fathome lovve vvater but cōmonly men goe vvest about it vvhē they sayle along by Flanders vvithin the bancks Right westward from Broersbanck lyeth Cams banck Cams-banck which is 3 fathome deepe which lyeth upon manie Sandes you may also runne betweene this banck the land at 8 9 10 fathome you may also ride there safely against all windes upon the land of Flanders betweene this sand Broers banck it is 5 fathome deepe when you goe between this banck the land you goe alōg by Quadebāck to the entrie of the chanel before Duynkerk Quadebanck Quabāck is a bāck which eastward frō the head of Duynkerck falleth of about 2 leagues west ending against the heads of Duynkerck East frō the east-head of Duynkerck havē you may lye at rode safe against a n.w. north n. e. winde behinde this banck there it is 2 fathome deep lowe water but at the entrie it is drier Before the mouth of the haven at Duynkerck it is 9 or 10 fadome deepe on the west side of the west-head of Duynkerck it is 6 7 or 8 fathome From thence you may goe over the Smal-banck Smal bāck at 3 fathome goe towards the Broad-banck this Smal-banck lyeth right crosse before the haven of Duynkerck betweene Duynkerck and the Broad-banck From the west-head of Duynkerck there runneth a banck toward Greveling two leagues which is called the Splinter Splinter there on the west side you may saile under the Rode at 10 8 6 5 fathome you must sayle in close by the foot strand you may sayle in betweene the land and this banck almost to the west-head of Duynkerck but you must sayle out of it againe backward When you ar a good waie past the head of Duynkerck about s w from the Splinter then you rūne over a sand of 2 fathome which is called Wilbaertsondt Vvilbaertsondt being over it it is 10 11 12 fathome deepe againe When Borburger steeple is in the valley of the downs then you
or 11 fathome nearest the Iland of Motten which is verie faire A league southwest from Gloyland by us called the Eastpenmarques there lyeth a great rock under the water whereon it raketh continually within without this rock it is 40 fathome deepe and when you goe east-southeast from the Westpenmarques then you runne farre ynough without them Thus the land of Eastpenmarques sheweth it self when you sayle by it About two leagues eastward of Glenant lye the Ilands of Motten Motten you may sayle betweene them and the firme land to Groye or Blauet there it is 9 or 10 fathome deepe But if you will goe through betweene Glenant and Motten sayle along by the Iland of Motten till you are without Glenant then sayle whither you would be Thus the land eastward of Glenant or Gloyland to Groye when you sayle along by it openeth it self From Motten to Groye Groye the course is east and by south eight leagues To knowe Groye you must understand that there stand three or four milles upon it and the east ende goeth slope downewards whereby it is easie to be knowne When Groye is n. n. e. from you four leagues it sheweth thus Under Groye it is good anckoring for a southwest winde at 6 or 7 fathome though at the southeast ende of Groye there lyeth a Sand which you must beware of for there it is foule ground Right behinde the Iland of Groye lyeth the haven of Blauet Blauet which runneth in northeast and by north at 4 or 5 fathome upon the west side of this haven there standeth a high speere steeple called Quinperley To sayle into Blauet The Barse lyeth on the east side of the haven which is a rock which commeth off from the east side of the haven On the east side also there lye two blinde rockes which you must be verie warie of as you enter in you must sayle in along by the west side When you are within it is wide and broad you may there anckor before the Iland which lyeth in the middle of the haven at 5 or 6 fathome it is 3 or 4 fathom deepe at lowe water II. The situation of Bel-Isle and the Ilands lying there abouts also the Creekes of Morbeam and Croisil or Croiswyke FRom Westpenmarques to Bel-Isle Bel-Isle or Boelin the course is east-southeast 21 leagues But from Groye to Bel-Isle it is south-southeast 5 leagues To know Bel-Isle you must understand that on the northwest ende it hath a rugged point wherein there is a great saddle you may also see some houses there upon the land and the east ende goeth whole sloping downe you may see it at 55 fathome Thus Belisle openeth it self when the northwest ende is east from you about four leagues When Belisle is northeast frō you 4 leagues then it sheweth ihus He that will seeke harbor under Belisle must shunne the northwest ende for there under the water there lyeth a rock a good waie from the land When you are there within then you sayle about two towes length along by the land and within a bases shotte about by the north point Rode under Bel-Isle till you come to the village with the speere steeple called S. Pauls there standeth a castle upon the point westward from the aforesaid steeple anckor within the point at 9 or 10 fathome then you lye safe from a south southwest west and northwest windes if it bloweth any thing northerlyer you may remove before the east ende which is half a league broad at 10 and 11 fathome the Iland reacheth s e. and n. w. and as the winde bloweth so a man must remove from one Rode to another it is good lying there There lye manie Ilands behinde Bel-Isle Ilands behinde Bel-isle but you may sayle behinde them to Groye and Morbeam in some places having good Rodes and specially the middlemost which hath a good haven which goeth in by a great rock but to sayle through there back againe a man must have some knowledge thereof because there lye manie rockes both above and under the water The east-Iland is called the Cardinal Cardinal and is distant from the east-ende of Bel-Isle e.n.e. and e. by n. about 4 leagues they lye 3 leagues from the firme land where there lye two great creekes or rivers from whence a man may sayle through betweene the firme land and the aforesaid Ilands lying behinde Bel-Isle to Croiswyke or Croixisle and also up the River of Nantes called Loire He that will sayle into Morbeam Morbeam let him goe from the east-Iland called the Cardinal to the Mayland n.w. n.n.w. there it is deepe 8 or 9 fathome then goe somewhat northerlyer upon the point which lyeth west from S. Iolme and runne in by it within the point it is 6 or 7 also 8 fathome deepe When you are within the point leave the west-point runne close in by the east-point and as soone as you are within the west-point of the haven then take good heede to your streame for the flood falleth verie stiffe into the river of Faunes then chuse the west-land at 6 or 7 fathome there it is all shallowe and when the steeple of Morbeam upon the West-land is west from you then anckor in the middle of the haven at 9 fathome then Aury the innermost steeple lyeth n. n. w. from you and the other steeple n. by e. but the point of Mayland e. s e. The litle Iland that lyeth in the Sea lyeth e. s e. w. n. w. from the west-point of the haven and the land from the haven to S. Iolmes steeple n.w. and s e and so to Croiswyke w.n.w. and e. s.e This Iland aforesaid lying without the haven of Morbeam on the north-ende is foule you must leave it on the left hand and runne to the point of the Mayeland and close in by it as aforesaid in the Trave it is 6 7 and 8 fathome deepe From the east-ende of Bel-isle to Crois-isle the course is east and by north Croixisle and east-northeast about 11 leagues But he that will sayle from Blauet to Morbeam he may sayle through behinde Groye and the Ilands lying behinde Bel-isle and when he is within the Ilands he must goe north-northeast till he be before the haven of Morbeam Before it there lyeth a rock or an Iland as I said before you must sayle in through the rock and the east-land to the east-ende of the haven and you must shunne the west-point at 6 fathome for it is shallowe the east-side is deepest till you come somewhat within then there lyeth a rock which at half flood is above the water you must goe east or west about it and anckor right behinde the rock making a towe fast on land or as you come within the west-point you may turne westward as I said before untill the village of Morbeam be west from you and there anckor at 9 fathome I said before that
thus as it is heere set downe and the Closter standeth about half waie betweene S. Rego and Bayona Bayona Closter III. To sayle into Camina and Viana FIve leagues southward from the Ilands of Bayona lyeth the haven of Camina Camina it is a tyde-haven which great ships must enter into at a high water the chanel reacheth in northeast and by north within the haven there lyeth a rock nearest to the south-side upon it there standeth a house and close southward from this litle Iland is the deepest water to sayle out and into the haven Within the haven on the north-side there lyeth a litle Iland whereon there standeth a steeple which you must keepe over against the steeple which standeth upon the north-land so goe in upon it in the chanel it is two fathome deepe at half flood From the west-side of the haven there commeth a banck of stonie sand shooting off and there it is for the most part flat water and verie rockie therefore men must be careful thereof Seven leagues southward from Camina lyeth the Tyde-haven of Viana Viana he that will goe into it must understand that from the north-side of the River there commeth a stonie banck of sand shooting downe crosse over before the River there when you come out of the Sea you must goe so long southward about untill that the two fire-towres are one against the other and then runne to the strand so long untill that the towre standing upon the north-side be over against the two houses keepe it standing so runne to the rock with the mast and sayle eastward about from it and close along you shal finde two faâ—â—â—me water upon that Sand with a continuall dayly tyde at lowe water when you are past that Rock then you shall see another Rock with a mast or beakon standing theron lying on the north side of the land within the river ruÌ„ne there likewise about close along southward and then easely along by the north-land untill you come before the towne there sometimes there shooteth out a Sand which you must shuÌ„ne anckor before the towne When you lye before the towne then there lyeth a litle Iland southward from you whereon there standeth a litle chappell westward from this Iland lyeth a great banck which at lowe water is seene above it but there behinde the banck it is five and sixe fathome deepe and before Viana it is seven eight and nine fathome deepe When you goe in you may runne southward about the aforesaid banck and come by the Iland whereon the house standeth out againe before the towne Rode before Viana You may also anckor well without in the Rode at twelve fathome there is the farest ground there take in a Pilot because it is a verie narrowe chanel to enter into Or you may sayle well in with these markes there stand two markes upon the southside which when you come out of the Sea you must hold one against the other and sayle so long to the land untill the two markes standing on the north-side of the River are likewise one against the other and so sayle in by the south-side eastward about the rock whereon the mast or stenge standeth untill you see the River open then sayle in eastward southward of the second rock with the steng that staÌ„deth up and when you are a bowe shotte within the said rock then straight let your anckor fall and carrie cables to the south land and make your shippe fast with four ropes IIII. The situation betweene Viana and Port a port FRom Viana to Port a port the course is south and by east twelve or therteene leagues Betweene them both lyeth Villa del Conde Villa del Conde seven leagues from Viana and Metelin Villa del Conde is a Tyde-haven before the mouth thereof there lye many rockes which may be sayled about either south or north about them it is 5 or 6 fathome and inwards againe there lyeth a banck crosse over the haven which is two fathome deepe with high water within the haven it is 3 or 4 fathome deepe southwards up it is deepest and safest for on the north-side it is full of rocks which for the most part lye under the water so that it is best lying on the south-side at 5 or 6 fathome Four leagues southward from Villa del Conde lye the great out-rockes called Lesons Lesons right before a tyde-haven of two fathome deepe called Metelin Metelin southwest from the south-point of the said Lesons about half a league inward to the Sea there lyeth a blinde rock under the water betweene the land and the Lesons rockes it is sixe or seven fathome deepe About a league south from Lesons rockes lyeth Port a port Port a port which hath two chanels the one runneth in n. the other south The south chanel South-chanel which runneth in southward now the best runneth along by the south-land is 3 fathome deepe to the rock with the crosse close in along by it and keepe in the middle of the chanel till you come by a great steeple upon the north-laÌ„d which you may see through there anckor This chanel altereth sometimes therfore you must be careful thereof You must runne into the north-chanel North-chanel in this manner you must sayle along by the north-point where now with half flood it is three fathome water it reacheth in e. s e. and e. and by s there reach manie rockes crosse over the haven from the said north-point but you runne along by them leaving two-partes of the water on the north-side then you runne upon the south-land and along by it till you come to the rock with the crosse and then in the middle of the chanel till you come before the towne where you have 10 or 12 fathome deepe V. To sayle into Avero with the situation of Cape de Montego and the Barles FIrst to sayle from Port a port to Avero Avero the course is s and by n. 10 leagues To knowe the land you must understand that froÌ„ Port a port to Avero it is altogether sandie strand you may goe along by the strand at 10 or 12 fathome Inward to the land upon the high land there lyeth a black hillock upoÌ„ the land when that lyeth e. s.e from you then you are open before Avero and when you can not see the black hillock of Carmale there lyeth a rowe of downes northward from the haven then you are half a league from the haven To sayle into the haven of Avero To sayle into Avro you must understand that when you come upon the land at 6 or 7 fathome then you may see three beakons made of mastes of ships upon the south-land place them one right against the other so ruÌ„ne in e. by s e. s.e over the banck at the entrie of the chanel you have but 2 fathome water at half flood till you come by the
so untill S. Uves point begins to come without the east-point of Sisember then bring the white house on the south-side of the castle which standeth upon the water side and so runne out for there you shall have the deepest water but wheÌ„ you may see the castle of Palmelo that is a right long mark to runne over the banck Then the white castle must be n.n.e. somewhat northerlyer from you FroÌ„ S. Uves point to C.S. Vincent C. S. Vincent it is s s by e. 29 leag between them there is no knowne havens But eastward about from Cape S. Vincent you may anckor before a sand-bay at 20 fathome against a n. n.n.w. winde But to know the land you must understand that between C. S. Vincent S. Uves point there lye some high hilles called Salines half a league n. from Cape S. Vincent there lyeth a high whitish cliffe in the land which is higher then the other land when you see it then you are by the Cape upon the point of S. Vincent there standeth a broken closter close by the Cape there lyeth a high rock The whole coast of Algarve may be knowne by the Fgge-hilles Fig-hilles as also Cape S. Vincent Thus the land about Cape S. Vincent sheweth it self when you come from the north and sayle along by it Blewe-hill Salines Figge-hill C. S. Vincent III. What Moone maketh the highest water heere AS upon all the other Coasts of Portugal and Gallicia so also heere upon these described Coasts a northeast and southwest Moone maketh high water but within the chanels or rivers a streeke or two later according as they reach deepe or farre into the land And because the flood heere commeth crosse against the land and crosse back from the land so have you heere no falling of streames IIII. How these Countries lye distant one from the other FRom Barlinges to Roxent s by e. s s.e 16 leagues From Cape de Fisiron Pineche or Nova Lisbona to Roxent south and north 15 or 16 leagues From Roxent to Cape de Spichel or S. Uves-point southeast and by south 11 leagues From C. de Spichel to C. S. Vincent s s by e. 29 leagues From Barlinges to Cape de S. Vincent s and by e. 54 leagues From Roxent to Cape de S. Vincent s by e. 37 leagues V. How these Countries are distant from other Countries FRom Barlinges to great Canaria s s w. 248 leagues From Barlinges to the Palma s w by s 256 leagues From Roxent to great Canaria southsouthwest somewhat westerlyer 340 leagues From the River of Lisbon to the Isle of Salvages 208 laagues From the Riâ—er of Lisbon to Porto Santo s w 160 leagues FroÌ„ the River of Lisbon to the I le of Madera s w 174 leagues From the River of Lisbon or from Roxent to the I le of Tercera west 274 leagues VI. Vnder what heigths these Countries lye THe Barlinges lye under 39 degrees 40 minutes Roxent lyeth under 38 degrees 52 minutes or as some saye 39 degrees Cape de Spichel or S. Uves-point lyeth under 38 deg 25 min. Cape S. Vincent lyeth under 37 degrees Heere followeth the Carde N. 11. Afbeeldinghe der Zâ—â—â—usten tusschen de C. de S. Vincente enÌ„ de Strute van Gibraltar al 's een deel van Algarve de groote Condaet enÌ„ de custen van Andalusien vertoonende de rechte gelegentheijt aller Rivieren Havenen enÌ„ Reeden aldaer geleghen Jtem alle Sanden Bancken Clippen ende Rudsen diemen in 't beseijlen derselver plaetsen te schouwen enÌ„ te mijdeÌ„ heeft Pour traicture des costes marines entre le C. de S. Vincente et l'estroict de Gibraltar comme une partie d'Algarve la grande Condade et les costes d'Andalusie monstrant au vif la vraije situation de toutes Rivieres Havres et Rades desdictes costes Item de tous Bancqs sables escueilz et rochers que en navigeant lesdictes lieux on a veviter CHAPTER XI THE DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Algarve and Andalusia lying betweene Cabo de S. Vincent and the Strait of Gibraltar I. The situation betweene Cape S. Vincent and Cape de S. Maria. RIght east from Cape S. Vincent about the second point in the Sand-baye Rode under Cape S. Vincent there is good Rode for a northwest and north-windes at 14 or 15 fathome from Cape de S. Vincent to Cape de S. Maria or Faro east or a litle southerlyer 19 or 20 leagues betweene theÌ„ both lyeth Lagos or Laves Lagos or Laves and Villa Nova From Cape de S. Vincent to Lagos it is east and by north seven leagues there is a tyde-haven which ruÌ„neth through betweene the rockes behinde a girdle of Sand but at a lowe water it is drie there you may also lye at anckor against a northwest westnorthwest and a north winde at 10 or 12 fathome Villa Nova Villa Nova lyeth about four leagues eastward from Laves betweene them both almost three leagues from Laves more then one from Villa Nova there lyeth a blinde rock which you must think upon Villa Nova is a faire haven it runneth in north and north and by west and at half flood you have therein two fathome water Within the haven on the east-side there lyeth a litle Iland or rock whereon there standeth a steeple or a house and upon the land there standeth a great mast with a barrel upon it when that steeple or house is right against the said mast then you must sayle upon it right into the haven by the east-land till you be past the steeple the west-side is flatte and drie then when you come by the mast you must turne up westward before the towne of Villa Nova where you may anckor at four and five fathome From Villa Nova to Faro Faro C. Maria. or Cape S. Maria it is about nine leagues upon the strand there standeth a fire-beakon and from the point there shooteth off a Sand which you must shuÌ„ne you must goe in east to the haven of Faro it reacheth west and west northwest you must leave the steeple on the left hand and the strand of Tavila on the right hand running in at two or three fathome and being in you may anckor right over against the towne of Faro under the Iland at three fathome the chanel at half flood is two fathome deepe To knowe this land when you come out of the Sea you must understand that Cape S. Maria is a round hillock by the which you may knowe the whole land of Condado Thus Cape S. Vincent sheweth it self when it lyeth seven leagues northwest from you When Cape S. Maria lyeth northeast and by north from you then it sheweth thus II. To sayle from Cape de S. Maria to Saltees FIve leagues northeast by north from Cape de S. Maria or Faro lyeth Tavila Tavila which is a crooked drie haven which almost everie yeere
the east and west pointes when you are within the point then you may chuse what side you will yet there is most water by the west-side betweene the stakes the steeple that standeth upō the west-side But if you goe in by the west-side then you must presently turne off when you are within the stakes and sayle almost in the middle of the haven nearest to the west-side to the towne that lyeth on the west-side of the haven there is a deepe pitte where a man may lye with a shippe of sixteene foot deepe aflote at a lowe water You maye also sayle further in untill you see a wall on the west-side of the haven and behinde it there standeth a village a shippes length southward from the wall it is good lying fastned with four ropes for there you lye close by the east-side You may also sayle in further to a hollowe place that lyeth on the west-side wherein a water-mill standeth but goe not to neare the north-point thereof for there lyeth a rock under the water and when you are somewhat past it then you may towe the shippe in the middle of the water for there it is best lying for shippes that drawe much water but south from the aforesaid wall a shippe of 16 foot may lye aflote Right within the east-point of the haven of Fawick there lyeth a village and right before the village there is a deepe poole where you may goe in with three or four shippes the depth goeth right within the east-point But if you goe in by the east-point and will lye in the said poole you must sayle within the stakes and put somewhat off from the east-land that you may goe nearest to the west-land for on the eastland there reacheth a flat along the haven which beginneth right against the first house of the westerlyest village and if it so fall out that you can not gette in there then let your anckor fall without the stakes and make your shippe fast with ropes within for that a shippe which draweth sixteene foot water may lye aflote within the stakes at a dead streame Ramshead From Fawick to Ramshead the west-point of the haven of Plimmouth it is westsouthwest and eastnortheast 6 leagues Betweene them there lyeth an Iland called Lowe where you may anckor under it at 5 or 6 fathome you may goe both on the east and west-side but the east-side is wydest and best to goe in Thus Lezard sheweth when you sayle along by it Thus the land sheweth betweene Lezard and Deadmanshead Lezard Famouth Deadmanshead III. How to sayle into Plimmouth and from thence into Goutstart Rode under Rams-head NOrth from Ramshead close under the land a man may anckor in a sandbaye at 8 9 and 10 fathome for there it is faire From Ramshead to the Meustone or Idestone it is south 3 leagues Idestone lyeth from the point of Plimmouth s by w. and southsouthwest 4 leagues The haven of Plimmouth reacheth in n. n. e. If you will goe into Catte-water you must goe in betweene the eastpoint and the Iland upon the point of Plimmouth so long till you see Catte-water open and then runne in betweene the point of Plimmouth and the east-point to the north-land and anckor before the steepe shoring land at 4 or 5 fathome at a lowe water because of the continuall tyde There lyeth a stone under the water westward from the Ilād which at a lowe water hath but 3 fathome water upon it If you will goe behinde the Iland east or west from the said stone which lyeth within the Iland as I said before then runne to the Iland till you be at five fathome at a lowe water untill the Fishermens village commeth on the west-side of the valley then you are west from the stone you must goe through betweene the Iland and the stone and when the fishermens village which standeth behinde the wall is in the northside of the valley then you goe east from the stone But if you will sayle over the stone then you must hold the steeple of the fishermens village over the north-side of the valley and sayle to the land of Plimmouth untill the wall standing on the land of Plimmouth sheweth endelong to you so long till Catte-water cōmeth open to you then you may well sayle behinde the Ilād into Westcomfer or anckor behinde the Iland at 12 or 13 fathome then you are past over the stone at three fathome and an half at lowest water And comming before Westcomfer in the narrowe waie then you must goe through the middle of the water right in then strike up on the left hand and anckor at 15 or 16 fathome In the narrowe it is 15 16 17 fathome and also 20 fathome deepe and behinde the Iland 8 9 10 and 12 fathome In the haven of Plimmouth there lye two or three blinde rockes at three fathome and a half at lowe water the markes thereof are these there standeth a steeple and a mill east from Plimmouth west from the Iland there standeth a gentlemans house when the towre of the house commeth over against the point which lyeth against the Iland the steeple the mill east from Plimmouth are one over against the other thē you are upon the innermost stone which at lowe water is 4 fathom deepe When the west-point of Westcomfer commeth on the point which lyeth west from the Iland then you are upon the uttermost stone and there it is 3 fathome an half deepe with lowe water and a spring-tyde Upon the eastpoint of Plimmouth haven there lyeth a rock verie round and high which by the Englishmen is called Meustone but by the Dutch saylers Cocxbroot because it is so round Frō that stone or rock 7 leagues e. s e. lyeth Goutstart under the point of Goutstart you may anckor safe against a northwest winde Thus the high land on the east side of Plymmouth sheweth Thus Goudstart sheweth it self when it is seven leagues north from you IIII. The situation of the land betweene Goutstart and Portland Rode under Goutstart VNder the point of Goutstart on the east-side you may anckor safe against a n. w. winde at 10 or 11 fathome betweene the church which standeth upō the high land the point of Goutstart so that the point may lye s w frō you West from Goutstart there lyeth a haven called Salcem but from Goutstart to Dartmouth it is northeast 3 leagues Dartmouth lyeth in betweene two high lands and on each side of the haven there lyeth a castle Dartmouth it is a narrowe haven so that in tyme of war there was woont to be a chaine layd crosse over the haven and on the west-side there standeth a church upon the high land To sayle into Dartmouth To sayle into Dartmouth when you come out of the west you must sayle so long about east or along by the west-side untill the Kaye of the village which lyeth on the
cape and also a great flatte steeple called the Holmes Hoelum the roof of this church is broken off but the hindermost part of the roof with the gavle is yet on and standeth upon the side walles There was woont also a church to stand in the same Iland called Midland church but that is broken downe but on the east side of Holme church there standeth a mill with a house west from the mill also there standeth a broad towre There about where Midland church was woonte to stand there lye three or four downes which are lowe flat and somewhat long On the east ende it is knollie black land mixed with some white among it But quite upon the east ende there lyeth a faire high round white downe which is verie well to be knowne From the west ende of Ameland there reacheth a Sand almost three leagues into the Sea which is called Borneriffe Borâ—riffe And west from that riffe Ameland chanel goeth in This Borneriffe and the north points of Tessel lye distant from each other northeast southwest 12 leagues Thus Ameland sheweth being about two leagues and an half from it when you are oveâ— against it IF you will sayle into the Chanel of Ameland comming out of the Sea then set the cape which standeth upon the east ende of the Schellingh right against the steeple of Horne and sayle upon it and so you shall finde the uttermost tonne which lyeth at the ende of Borneriffe at five fathome lowe water Or if you come out of the west then runne upon the strand of the Schellingh at lowe water at five or five fathome and an half and so goe along by the strand and you shall sayle right upon the uttermost tonne Now when you come to the uttermost tonne then the cape and the steeple of Holme upon Ameland are also one against the other and stand then east and somewhat southerlyer from you but Horne church and the cape upon the Schellingh shall then stand southsouthwest from you From the uttermost tonne to the second tonne the course is east and a litle southerlyer or hold the church of Holme upon Ameland standing right against the cape sayle upon it from the first tonne then you shall not misse the second tonne which lyeth at seven fathome When you have the length of the second tonne then you are past the Coggie deepes grounds When you sound along by the Schellingh at four fathome then you shall not sayle under the Coggie deepes grounds Betweene the first and the second tonne it is five or sixe fathome deepe in the chanel From the second to the third toÌ„ne the course is east and east and by north Gerrits Honden or Dogges that is the tonne at Gerrits honden which lyeth at three fathome and an half lowe water You leave all these tonnes on baghborde when you sayle in for Borneriffe on the inner side is all shoring and specially Gerritshonden Now when you sayle from the second tonne to the tonne upon Gerritshonden Camper-sand then Camper Sand is on your starreborde and lyeth cleane drie you may sayle as close by it as you will Betweene the second and the third tonne it is nine and eight fathome deepe in the chanel When you sayle against Camper Sand you must put over from it to the tonne at Gerritshonden about eastnortheast to runne above the Plate which lyeth south from Gerritshonden The Plate for there betweene them both it is not wide Betweene Gerrits Honden the said Plate it is three fathome deepe at lowe water The Plate at the north ende is flatish so that there you may sound it with your lead When you sayle into or out of this chanel keepe good account of the streames and specially take heede of an ebbe for it fâ—lleth strongly crosse over this chanel northnorthwest over Borneriffe along into the Sea When you are above the Plate there lyeth a white tonne at three fathome The white tonne or sixeteene foot water which you must leave on starreborde and runne there east about it This white tonne lyeth distant from the tonne upon Gerrits Honden southeast past the tonne presently you finde deeper water as eight nine tenne and twelve fathome then goe forth southeast by east so long untill the steeple of Holme commeth over the south point of Ameland where the Scutes lye then you may goe into the bought where on the south side it is verie flatte there you may ancker at five or sixe fathome but on the north side it is altogether shoring This reach from the white tonne till you be in the boucht is 9 10 and 12 fathome deepe and on both sides is altogether shoring If you wil goe further into the Horsen then goe on from the bocht eastnortheast along by the south side at 5 or 6 fathome To sayle to the Horsen forward so long till that Heynoms chamber that is a redde tyled house be a handspake length north from Holmer church there ancker at 5 or 6 fathome there is good anckor ground and there you lye safe from all windes there also goeth a litle streame The north side is al shoring the chanel there is 12 fathome deepe Borneriffe without also is all shoring The situation of Bornriffe When you come out of the Sea you must goe no nearer to it then 12 fathome for then you shall not be farre off from it The whole Coast of Holland and Freesland a man may not goe nearer unto in darke wether nor by night then 14 15 and 16 fathome Warninge because of the grounds and Sands When you come out of the east along by Ameland you caÌ„not sayle under Borneriffe but if you runne along by it at seven fathome then you shall not goe a cast of a bullet outward from it A southeast northwest moone maketh a high water without in the chanel of Ameland and also upon the land VII The situation of Schiermonickooghe and how you shall sayle into Scholbalgh THe Iland Schiermonickooghe lyeth from the east ende of Ameland distant east somewhat northerlyer three leagues it is a lowe smooth Iland about two leagues long there stande no special markes upon it but on the west ende there stand two capes with a white downe otherwise they are all lowe blackish downes or hillockes but higher then upon the east ende mixed with white The east ende is a long flatte strand with lowe rugged downes Betweene Ameland and Schiermonickooghe the Scholbalgh goeth in Men were woont to goe in along by Schiermonickooghe but that chanel is closed up within and wholly spoyled Thus Schiermonickooghe sheweth when it is about two leagues crosse from you To sayle into Scholbalgh set the capes upon the westende of Scheermonickooghe one right against the other To sayle into the Scholbaâ—gh then they shal stand about e. s e. from you sayle upon them then you shall finde the first tonne which lyeth in the Sea at 7 fathome
to Oterdam at 5 6 and 7 fathome but goe no nearer unto it for it is verie steepe and shoring but there you may sayle under the east side at 6 fathome when you come within Eemshorne sayling up for there lyeth a Flat on the east side called the Hound The Hound The Pap◠which is a hard sand and somewhat more inward there lyeth an other Flat called the Pape also a hard sand and are fast one to the other But heere the west side is all soft claye ground to Oterdam You must keepe along by the west side and followe the beacons which stand along This reach stretcheth first s s w. and s and by w. and about in a boucht or hollowe place s s e. and by Groning land southeast To shunne Reyders or Iannens sand which is a Flatte which lyeth in the middle of the Eems betweene Oterdam Reyde Reyders and Iannens sand upon it at lowe water there is no more then tenne foot deepe then take heede of Oterdam which hath a flat church without a steeple and standeth upon the banck of Groning land when you come thither then you must strike over to Embden land to the Knock which is now a broken steeple standing in the water upon the point when you have the Knock then rūne within two ropes length by the north side along to Loegherhorne The Knock. and so you shall not sayle by this flatte There standeth a flatte steeple between Knock and Loegherhorn Markes of Reyder sand called Gerrits Swart when you may see through this steeple or when this steeple and the church come one upon the other then you are against this Flat When you sayle up the West Eems then you must leave all the tonnes on starreborde A southeast and northwest moone maketh a high water with out the Eems In the Balgh a southsoutheast and northnorthwest moone But before the towne of Embden a south and south and by west and a north and north and by east moone XI The situation of the Iland Iuyst and how you must sayle into the East Eems THe Iland Iuyst lyeth about a league and an half e. n. e. from Borcum It is a lowe Iland but the west land is a high steepe point and grayish land the east ende also is higher then the middle The church standeth in the middle of the land the steeple is somewhat sharp and standeth at the east ende of the church You cannot see the church but when it is against a lowe peece of ground or a valleye Betweene Borcum and Iuyst the East Eems goeth in Iuyst sand From the west ende of Iuyst there reacheth a Sand at least two leagues west into the Sea you may sound it without at 3 or 4 fathome and south from it you goe into the East Eems Thus the Iland Iuyst sheweth about two leagues crosse from you To sayle into the East Eems If you will sayle into the East Eems then set the church upon Borcum south from you and so if it be cleare wether then you shall see through the steeple sayle upon it you shall finde the uttermost tonne which lyeth at four or four fathome and an half lowe water From the uttermost tonne to the second tonne the course is east and by south The ende of Iuyst sand betweene the two sands on the inner side is verie shoring and steepe so that you cannot sound it but somewhat more inward from the second tonne it is flatter so that there you may easely sound it The second tonne lyeth at three fathome lowe water at the point of a long small banck or point which commeth shooting off from the east ende of Borcum which is called Brewers flat Brewers flat which you may sayle under this Sand on the north side is all shoring Betweene the first and the second tonne it is four fathome deepe at lowe water but against the second tonne it is deeper againe at 8 or 9 fathome From the second tonne the East Eems reacheth in east and by south and eastsoutheast and sometimes somewhat southerlyer but from the second tonne with a flood you must goe east and east and by north that you may not be lead into the fore side of Brewers flat Iuyst sand is inward from the second tonne flatte so that you may sound it at 5 or 6 fathome but come no nearer unto it and so you shall not sayle under Memers sand which is a sand Memers sand which within Iuyst shooteth off from the foot-strand of Memers sand As soone as you have deeper water againe then goe first eastsoutheast then southeast to the beakon upon the high Horne Beacon upon the high Horn. which standeth on starreborde upon the drie sand turne southward or westward up behinde the beakon there is the rode and there you may anckor at 5 6 or 7 fathome as you thinck good it is there good lying for a south winde The East Eemes there against it is wide and broad The east ende of Borcum is flatte you must use your lead when you goe there out or in with a shippe that draweth much water About southeast and south by east from the beacon aforesaid lyeth the tonne upon Conincx flat 〈…〉 King◠〈◊〉 upon a sand that shooteth of from the south side this tonne and the said beacon you must leave on starreborde and there betweene them both on the south side there is good anckoring At Norden in East vriesland there are two flatte steeples whereof the one is great and flat the other long and slender which stand one close by the other when these steeples come a shippes length east from the easterlyest side of the Bant which is a small Iland upon the Wadt then you have the tonne upon Conincx flat that is a good long marke and when Iuyst steeple is n. n. e. from you it is a good crosse marke of the said tonne From the tonne at Conincx flat to the tonne at Hamburgh sand the course is s e. and s e. by e. it lyeth at three fathome Tonne at Hamburger plate but this is Pilots water for great ships You may there goe through a Kille or small gutterie chanel into the West Eems and come out against the southerlyest tonne in the West Eems To sayle through this Kille leave the tonne upon Hamburger sand on baghborde and sayle along by the beacons leaving them on starborde It is at both endes of this Kille three fathome deepe and in the middle 5 6 7 fathome it reacheth through about s s w. into the West Eems Memer balgh Memer balgh lyeth about half a league within Iuyst betweene the beacon upon the high Horne and the tonne at Conincx flat that is on the east side of the East Eems and reacheth most north in It is a good rode for small ships that wil goe west about or without about Also within the balgh which runneth in by the high Horne there is a good rode
Haven where also lying at the Kaye you may have your goods caried into the ship From Spro to Langheland the course is s e. and by s four leagues Right against Langheland lyeth Golbersond whereof I will speake in the Chapter following V. How these places lye distant from each other and also from other Countreys ALthough in the description of this Carde of the Belt frō Schaghen to Langheland most part of the reachings of the land from one place to another is set downe yet I thought it requisite to set and place them heere in order one after the other as I have done in the rest of the descriptions and the rather for that I thinke it will be profitable for Saylers when men having them all together by themselves may the readier and sooner finde such stretchings as they desire to see From Schaghen to Lesou s s e. 8 leagues From Schaghen to the Trindle s e. 8 leagues From Schaghen to the small Helmes s and by w. 4 leagues From Schaghen to Zebuy s and by w. 7 leagues From the Helmes to Zeebuy 2 leagues From Zeebuy to Aelburgher s and by w. 7 leagues From Aelburgher chanel to Mariacker s and s by w. 4 leagues From Aelburgher deepe to Stevenshooft s e. by s 9 leagues From Aelburgher chanel to Haselin s e. and by e. 20 leagues From Stevenshooft to Haselin e. s e. 13 leagues From Stevenshooft to the great Holme s s w. about 7 leagues Frō Stevenshooft to the point of Ebeltud s s w. 7 or 8 leagues From Stevenshooft to Siero s s e. 8 leagues From Great Holme to Wero s s e. 4 leagues From Great Holme to Sampso southwest 4 leagues From the south ende of Ebeltud to Aerhuysen west and west by south 5 leagues From the Rode of Sampso to Ebelo southsouthwest and south and by west 5 leagues From the south ende of Sampso to the Iland Ebelo southwest 4 great leagues The northwest coast of Fuynen reacheth s w. by w. 8 leagues From Ebelo to Melversond s w. 5 leagues From Endelau to Melversond southsouthwest and somewhat southerlyer 7 leagues From Sampso to Roems s e. 5 leagues From west from Siero to Roems s s w. and s by w. 9 leagues From Wero to Bultsack s s w. 4 great leagues From Bultsack to Romps s s e. and s and by e. 4 leagues From Romps to Knuytshooft s by e. and s s e. 5 leagues From Knuytshooft to Langheland s e. 4 leagues From Knuytshooft to the Iland Tassingh south 4 leagues From the southeast ende of Fuynen to the east ende of Askens west and west and by north 5 leagues From the point of Askens to the Ilands of Toreu Areu west and by north and westnorthwest 2 leagues From Areu to Melversond n. n. w. 5 leagues From the point of Rosnes in Zeland to the I le of Spro south 8 or 9 leagues From Spro to Langheland s e. and by s 4 leagues Heere followeth the Carde N. 24. CHAPTER V. A DECLARATION HOVV you shall sayle forth through the Belt to Femeren and along by the Coasts of Holst Mechelenburgh and Pomerland Also the situation of Laland Falster Borneholme and the places lying there abouts I. The situation of the Golversond of Laland Falster and Meun so farre as to Steden THe Iland of Langheland is about eight leagues long and reacheth south and north there east against it lyeth the Golversond which reacheth in north from Laland and reacheth all up to Nestvelt and Wordenburgh and commeth into the Greensond and in that Wolf-chanel or Wolve-gat goeth into the East-sea againe Before Golversond there lye three Ilands the one called Wedero which lyeth at the point of Laland and is fast to it by a Sand so that you may not sayle through betweene them there northward you goe into Golversond To sayle into Golversond leaving it on starborde The other two lye north from the said Iland of Wedero the first whereof is called Arnis and the other Ooms Ooms is a litle plaine Iland but Arnis is the greatest it lyeth nearest Zeland and is full of trees From the Iland Ooms a Sand stretcheth off southwest to seaward which is at least a league long and at the ende flat that you may runne over with the lead and when you will sayle into Golversond you must let these two Ilands lye on baghborde of you The Iland Laland at the west point The Sand of Laland over against the south ende of Langheland hath a Sand or Hooke which reacheth off from Laland half over the Belt to shunne it you must runne along a quarter of a league east from Langheland Markes of Lalands Riffe or Sand. or if you leave two third parts of the water on Lalands side and the other third part on Langhelands side then also you shall not sayle upon it When you come out of the south and will goe into the Belt and that then the steeple of Mascou which standeth upon Laland commeth to be northeast and by east from you then you are past that sand and it lyeth south from you In this chanel betweene Laland and the south ende of Langheland it is sixe seven fathome deepe From the south ende of Langheland to Femeren the course is southeast and by east seven leagues Now when you come off from Langheland and have past the Sand or Hooke of Laland the South coast of Laland reacheth there east and west There lyeth a long Sand along which is called the Redde-sand Tha Red-sand and reacheth out till it commeth before Golversond which runneth in betweene Laland and Gester North from this Sand there is a Rode of sixteene and eighteene foot water before the townes of Aelholme Aelholme and Robuy Robuy where you may lade nuttes and barley Betweene Laland and Gester against this Redde sand as I said the Golversond goeth in you may there goe into it and come out againe into the Belt but in this chanel there is small depth for there lyeth a stone-bancke within crosse over the chanel in it there lyeth a towne called Nicopen Nicopen which lyeth upon the Iland of Falster a league within Gester From Gester Gester-sand Gester-sand shooteth off at least two leagues into the Sea it is a drie Sand. East from Gester-sand lyeth an Iland called Bout Bout and there it is all flat or shallowe water at 3 or 4 fathome Beschrijvinghe vant zuijder deel vande Belt en hoemen de Custen van Mekelēborch Pomeren met de Landen daer tegen over tusschen Femeren en̄ Bornholm geleghē beseijlen en̄ alle Revē en Sanden daer ontrent schouwen sal Description de la partie meridionale de la Belt comment qu'on doibt mariner les costes de Mekelenbourgh Pomere et les pais la viz a viz situez entre Femere et Bornholm et eviter tous bancs de sable et dangiers la environ From Gestersand to
north from you there it will be four or five fathome deepe soft ground The markes of Reefshol are these there stand two or three trees on the high land west from Coppen haven they stand south from two or three hillocks when they come upon the uttermost trees which stand on the northwest side of Coppens haven then sayle southwest and by south till Torenbuy or Amack be against the beacon then goe in south and by west then a steeple which standeth crosse within the land west from you will come against a great stone then you are in the narrowe where in times past the shippes were sonke and you leave a wracke of a shippe lying on the south land and then the beacon and the steeple of Amack are there long markes Now to sayle further forward through that strait or narrowe waie goe in south and by west and when you are farre ynough in you may anckor where you will you lye there crosse the chanel with an anckor on the land and another to Seaward To turne againe to the Middle grounds or sands Middle tonne from the North tonne to the Middle tonne the course is south and by east and southsoutheast when you come to the Middle tonne then the southerlyest mille being south from the towne of Coppen haven and the flatte steeple come within a leaver or bowe length to the speere steeple these are the markes of the Middle tonne or second tonne in the shallowes or Sands and there it is eight or nine fathome deepe From the Middle tonne to the tonne upon Casper Caniel Tonne on Casmer Caniel the course is south and by east then the white castle commeth over the sharpe steeple and that is the marke of the third tonne or the tonne upon Casper Caniel which is the south ende of the Middle ground there it is not verie wide but shoring on both sides the depth is seven or eight fathome If you will lavere there you must winde as sone as it beginneth to drie on either of the sides From the third tonne to the fourth the course is south Fourth tonne The Fisher and south and by east this lyeth upon the north ende of Draker upon the flatte right over against it lyeth the Fisher which is a stone as I said before which lyeth above the water there you may sound the Southolme for there it is flat water Betweene this third and fourth tonne there commeth a chanel or haven running out from Coppen haven which is called Casmer Caniel Casmer Caniel From the fourth or South tonne in the Middle ground to Draker sand the course is south and south and by east you may sound the land of Draker at 3 4 and 4 fathome and an half Draker sand lyeth a good waie without Draker and it reacheth half a league eastward into the Sea Markes of the tonne upon Draker sand The marks of the tōne at Draker sand are these when the steeple of Coppenhaven is south from Draker upon the wood then you are against the tonne The dryest shallowest water that you finde is betweene this tonne upon Draker sand and the aforesaid fourth tonne there it is 5 fathome lesse a foot When you are against the tōne upon Draker sand then goe south and s by w. to Valsterboens sand or to Steden that is 5 leagues but from the tonne upon Draker sand to the Kuycke the course is s w. sixe leagues When comming out of the Sond you are past the Sand of Valsterboen then it is somewhat deeper when you followe your course to Borneholme but comming from the east then it begins speedely to be deeper when you are about the point of the Sand the further situation of Valsterboen is declared before III. How you may sayle out of the Sond to Elleboghen Malmuyen and Landscrone IF you will sayle out of the Sond to Elleboghen or Malmuyen then from Ween goe s e. and s e. and by s then you shall see the steeple or towne lye before you sayle to it in that chanel it is for the most part 7 or 8 fathome deepe but whē you come within the Saltholmes thē it is 5 or 6 fathome deepe the drougth soone riseth from seven to five fathome but before the towne it is flatte water there you may anckor at 3 4 or 5 fathome as you will Rode before Malmuyen you may also lye at the ende of the head at three fathome there it is good lying but with a n. w. winde there it is bad rode for it bloweth openly in If you will goe out againe south frō the Southolmes to Valsterbon or Steden then you must take heede of the Southolms they are soule round about from the north ende there shooteth a Sand something farr out on the east side upon the south ende it runneth out flatte verie farre and there also lyeth Nordvliet Nordvliet which is a stonie Sand which lyeth under the warer but you may see it lye greene under the water which you must leave on the Southolmes side that is on starborde Southvliet but Southvliet which lyeth against old Valsterboen you must leave on baghborde so runne through betweene them both in that water at the dryest it is four fathome deepe When you come from Malmuyen and that the steeple of Coppen haven commeth upon the south ende of Southolmes then you are past by Northvliet as you sayle through in this sort you must be verie watchfull and take heede of the grounds aforesaid You may also goe out along by the strand of Schoonen and leave both Northvliet and Southvliet on starreborde for you may sound that strand at four and five fathome as also the Sand of Valsterboen If you will sayle into Landscrone you must understand that there lyeth a shallowe Sand before the haven Landscrone you must runne south into it there standeth a church on the north side somewhat forward and a Gentlemans house somewhat further into the land bring the church against the house then you are free from that Sand then sayle in upon the point and anckor at three fathome Thus the land of Schoonen sheweth when you sayle through the Sands from Col to Valsterboen Col. Elsenborgh Landscrone Bersebeck Malmuyen Schoonen Valsterboen IIII. The situation of the Sond to Col and north from Zeeland to the Belt Col. FRom Elsenore or the Sond to the point of Col the course is northwest and northwest and by west 4 or 5 leagues About a quarter of a league north frō Elsenore lyeth Lappesand Lappesand on the west side of the chanel goe no nearer to it then 7 fathome you can not be hurt upon it On the east side about half waie betweene Col and Elsenborch lye the Swyneboden Swyneboden which reach off from the land a good waie into the Sea therfore when you are at the ende of Lappesand then goe n. w. by w. till Col Huyberts cometh out before begineth to lye
Teese SEven or eight leagues south from Coket Iland lyeth Tinbuy or Tinmouth Tinmouth or Tinbuy which is distant from the Schassen southsoutheast fiveteene or sixteene leagues South from Tinmouth there lyeth an out-point called Sonderla Sonderla betweene this point and Tinmouth the River of Newcastle runneth in wherein there is twelve foot water at half flood From the point of Tinmouth there shooteth off a stonie banck which you must sayle in by but the southeast ende is flatte there you may goe in with the lead at tenne foot half flood The markes to sayle into this River are these there are two fire towres which stand on the north side of the haven you must set them one over against the other and sayle in upon theÌ„ along by the said stonie banck until you are in and when you are within first you must sayle all along by the north side till you are past the towne of Tinmouth then you must turne over to the other side and so you come into a crooked waie which striketh up northward having past that you must goe southward to Haesoort and so forward about Haesoort to the towne of Newcastle From Tinmouth to the Teese or Hartlepoole Hartlepool the course is southsoutheast eight or nine leagues Hartlepool is a Peere or Head behinde it at lowe water you may lye drie with your ship Right south from it the Teese The Teese goeth in it is a great wide and deepe river and reacheth in westsouthwest with seventeene eighteene or nineteene fathome water and there is nothing in the waie that can hurt or hinder you you must sayle in through the middle of the chanel and ancker before the castle of Wisten In the innermost part of this haven that is before the towne of Stockton it is but four fathome deepe Right east or south from the Teese there lye two chalck hilles called Humplefoot Humplefoot and Read hil Reddehil Thus the land betweene Coket Iland and Tinmouth sheweth when you sayle against it Tinmouth Coket Thus the land sheweth betweene Tinmouth the hilles of Humplevoet Readhil south from the Teese when you sayle along by it Humplevoet Readhil Teese Hartlepoole Esenton Schel Sonderla II. The situation betweene the Teese and Flamborowe head FRom Teese to Scarborowe the course is southeast and by east 11 leagues Betweene theÌ„ both lyeth Whiteby Whitbye which is a Peere or Tydehaven which at lowe water is drie so that as theÌ„ you may there lye drie On the east side therof there shooteth off a stone-banck which you must shuÌ„ne If you will goe into Whitby you must sayle in between the two beacons till you come betweene both the lands Betweene Whitbye Scarborowe lyeth Robbenhoods baye it is a faire rode for a southsouthwest and west windes there you may ancker at seven or eight fathome Skarborowe carburgh hath two peeres or heads you may goe behinde them at high water and at lowe water lye drie you must sayle in south from them From Skarborowe to the point of Philo Pâ—ilo the course is southeast three leagues Southward about you may sayle into the Bay of Philo it is a round Baye which at lowe water is drie But without the head of Philo there lyeth a rock under the water which is called Philo cracke Philo crake Betweene this stone and the Peere a man with a shippe of two hundred tonne may lye aslote at five fathome lowe water and there lye safe against a northeast and east windes Three leagues west from Philo lyeth Flamborowe head Flamborowe head which is distant from Scarborowe southeast and northwest five leagues Flamborowe head hath manie white patches chalck hilles specially on the north side to Philo on the south side it hath a head or peere and a league west about the point lyeth Berlington Berlington which also hath a peere you may ancker there in the Baye or Creeke at sixe or seven fathome This is the forme of the land betweene the Teese and Flamborowe head when you sayle along by it Flamborowe head Philo. Scarborowe Robbenhood Whitebye Humplevoet Redhill III. How you shall sayle up the River of Humber to Hul into Boston and to Lin. FRom Flamborowe head to Kelbese Kelbese or Ravenspurre the north point of Humber Humber the course is south and by east about eight or nine leagues there is is all flatte water five sixe seven and eight fathome deepe To sayle into the River of Humber when you come out of the south set Poltoren right upon the north point of the River and sayle up upon it so long untill the steeple south from Doepenton commeth betweene the trees and the other steeple then sayle in westsouthwest and west and by south to the first middle flatte then sayle north or south about till you be before Grimsby there is the rode at sixe or seven fathome and there you lye behinde a Middle-flat from thence further inward the course is west and by north and west northwest to the ende of the banck which reacheth along the haven on the north side when you are at the ende thereof then you must turne up northward in the river of Hul there within it is sixe seven eight and nine fathome as you lye and there it floweth three fathome up and downe with dead streame An east and west moone maketh a high water there If you will goe into Boston river Boston river you must goe along by the land of Slegnesse and sayle close in by the foot strand and so you shall not sayle by Elleknock When the three trees stand south froÌ„ Somkil or the speere steeple then Elleknok lyeth right to seaward from you then you may sayle forward along by the land of Leeck at three or four fathome to the river of Boston You may also come againe into the Sea betweene Elleknock and Long sand Long sand at three fathome Betweene the chanel of Boston and the chanel of Lin it is all full of Sands and shallowes so that it is verie needfull there to take a Pilot for him that will sayle there it floweth there three fathome up and downe so that with shippes that drawe not much water you may goe over the sands at high water An east and west moone maketh there a full Sea betweene the Sands From Flamborowe head to Chappel or the Sonck it is south and by east nineteene or twentie leagues The Sonck is a Sand which at lowe water is seene west from it the east chanel of Lin goeth in To sayle into the haven of Lin Lin. sayle westward about the Sonck place the heap of trees over against the point of Sitsem or Suytsom and Chappel east from you and then goe in southeast and by south then you shall finde the first tonne then south and by west and southsouthwest and sometimes somewhat westerlyer till you be about the point the tonnes and the beacons will
shewe you the waie when you are about the point then you may runne through the sands into the north chanel and sayle through it into the Sea againe by the tonnes and markes thereof This north chanel reacheth northeast and northeast by east it is verie well marked and beaconed When you will sayle into the aforesaid east chanel of Lin cōming out of the north then you may sayle in west from Sonck that is south and by east in and so goe betweene the Sonke and Chappell south and by west to the first tonne and so from the tonne by the beacons along to Lin before the towne When you come out of the east you may goe along by the land within through the Sonck close by Chappel and so south and by west to the first tonne aforesaid IIII. The situation of the Havens and Banks lying betweene Chappel and Yarmouth FRom Chappel to Cromere the coast reacheth eastnortheast east and by north east and east and by south between them both lyeth Burnham Burnham Wels and Blancknye which are tyde-havens From Chappel to Burnham the course is east southeast three leagues If you will put into Burnham you must goe in at a high water you must place the steeple against the black so sayle in by the beacons leaving them on baghborde Betweene Burnham and Welles there lyeth a banke which you may ancker behinde at five or sixe fathome but upon the banke it is but two fathome deepe at half flood Five leagues east from Burnham lyeth Wells betwene Wells Blakny there lyeth a Sand called the Pol the Peper Pol or Peper it lyeth fast to the land and there it is shallowe or flatte far into the Sea which you must shūne On the west side of this Sand the haven Welles Welles goeth in and the beacons stand all along by the Peper when Hobrom standeth southsoutheast from you then you are west from the Peper and there is good rode as I said before at sixe fathome Then Welles lyeth southeast from you and then the trees stand against the steeple you may then sayle openly into the haven of Welles along by the beacons Blackney Blackney is a Tyde haven going in on the east ende of the Pol at Blackney there standeth a high steeple which may be seene a great waie into the Countrey when that high steeple is against the small steeple then you see the first tonne lying upon the east or south ende of the Pol then goe from tonne to tonne till you are within the haven From Blackney to Cromere Cromere the course is eastsoutheast four leagues and from thence the land reacheth southeast and by east to Haesberghernesse four leagues Right south from the Admirals house lyeth Haessant or the banck of the Admirals house you may sayle through betweene this Banck or Sand and the land at two fathome But without it is eight or nine fathome deepe when Winterthon Winterthon lyeth west from you then you are south from this banck A litle to seaward from this banck lyeth Winterthon Sand when Winterthon lyeth southwest from you then you are at the north ende of Winterthon sand About northnorthwest and north and by west from Winterthon sand lyeth the banck before Cromere Banck before Cromere which lyeth at least five leagues from the coast of England When you come out of the north you may goe through betweene Winterthon sand the Banck of the Admirals house at tenne or twelve fathome within the bankes till you come to Yarmouth But betweene Kockling the land it is but four or five fathome deepe Kockling is a Banck lying against Keson when Keson is against the bunch of trees which stand there upon the flat steeple which standeth upon the water side then you are south from Kockling Against Kockling there is a chanel in the Sea along through the Holmes if you will goe through it out into the Sea then set Keson against the wood and then sayle out of that chanel you shall there have five or sixe fathome deepe but on the south side it is the deepest water When the speere steeple of Winterthon is north from the small steeple then you may also goe through betweene Winterthon banck and the Holmes into the Sea and there you shall have tenne or twelve fathome deepe These streames aforesaid are the principall places where the greatest number and best herrings are taken which men keepe all the yeere and send into other Countreys Thus the north coast of England sheweth betweene Cromere and Yarmouth when you sayle through betweene the bankes Keson Winterthon Haesbergh Cromere V. Of the running and falling of the streames about these places NOrth from the Teese the flood falleth southsoutheast along by the land Against the river of Newcastle and the Teese the flood falleth southeast and the ebbe northwest Against Scarborowe and Flamborowe head the flood falleth southeast and the ebbe northwest From Flamborowe head to Blackney the flood falleth southeast and the ebbe northwest Against the bancks of Cromere Winterthon the flood falleth southsoutheast and the ebbe northnorthwest VI. What moone maketh high water in these places BEfore the River of Newcastle a southwest and northeast moone maketh high water In the Teese and Hartlepool a southwest and northeast moone maketh high water At Robbinhoods baye and Scarborowe a southwest and northeast moone maketh high water At Philo and Flamborowe in the Peere a westsouthwest moone maketh high water Before Humber Lin a w. s w. moone maketh high water In the river of Humber and of Lin an east and west moone maketh full Sea At Burnham Welles and Blackney an east and west moone maketh full Sea Before Cromere a southeast moone maketh high water Without the banks of Yarmouth a southeast moone maketh high water VII Of the depths against these Countreys and at what depths you may see them YOu may see Scarborowe upon the hatches of the shippe at five-and-fortie fathome You may see Flamborowe head also at 45 fathome North from Humber you may see the land at 25 fathome When you come from Flamborowe head and will goe to Flanders or the Heads then you goe over a Sand of nine or tēne fathome this Sand is called the Welle which goeth through the whole north Sea against Heliger haven and there it endeth by our saylers it is called Dogghers sand or White Banck by Englands side it is the shallowest for there it is but tenne fathome and sometimes deeper as twelve thirteene fourteene fiveteene and sixteene and so forth still somewhat deeper till you be at the Holie land That which lyeth south from this banck towards the Heads is called Deepewater which is in the place where the Buyses fish in Harvest time there it is two-and-twentie four-and-twentie six-and-twentie and eight-and-twentie fathome deepe That which lyeth north is called Bynorth it is thirtie five-and-thirtie fortie five-and-fortie and fiftie fathome and sometimes sixtie fathome North and
Orfordnesse lyeth Whiton or Whitesand East northeast from Abre about half a league from the land there lyeth another banck which at lowe water is no deeper then a fathome and an half and is fully as bigge as Witting-sand or Abreknock betweene the land and this banck it is at least tenne fathome deepe this banck is flatte so that you may sound it round about with the lead Ware afbeeldinge der Zeecusten van Engelant gelegen tusschen Doveren enÌ„ Iarmuijen waerinÌ„e beneffens alle andere havenen reedeÌ„ sanden enÌ„ banckeÌ„ aende selve custeÌ„ gelegeÌ„ oock vertoont wert de gelegentheijt vaÌ„de mont der vermaerde Riviere van Londen item aller ondiepten daer voor geleghen enÌ„ hoemeÌ„ de selve beseij leÌ„ sal Vraije pourtraicture des costes marines de Angleterre entre Douvres et Jarmout en laquelle ioignant tous autres haures rudes et sables situez ausdietes costes est aussi representé la situation de l'embouchure de la fameuse Riviere de Londres ensemble toutes inprofonditez guez et bancqs de sable devant la dicte Riviere et comment on la navigera Afbeeldinghe vande vermaerde Riviere van Londen de Teemse genaemt hoc die met zijne cromten streckt vande mont af tot aende stadt van Londen Pourtraict de la fameuse Riviere de Londres nominee la Teemse monstrunt la situatioÌ„ avecq toutes les courbures de ladicte riviere des la bouche iusques a la ville de Londres You may also goe in betweene Abreknock and Whitsand at sixe fathome but within it is tenne fathome deepe being there within you may goe along by the Koert or Koertsand at five fathome to the Nase When you come so farre that Harwich steeple commeth into the valley of Heyningh then you goe forward southsoutheast till you be about the Nase This Koersand which also is called Koert lyeth right before Harwich and along from the Nase to Abreknock Betweene Abreknock and Koersand there also runneth a chanel east and by north into the Sea when Basil is behinde that redde Cliffe then you may goe out there east and by north and in west and by south To sayle into the haven of Harwich Harwich haven when you come out of the north then marke a flatte steeple which standeth within the land with a heap of trees when that steeple is against the trees then goe in a cables length from the north land northnorthwest and northwest and by north for that is indifferent faire till you are within the fishing-place In the middle of the mouth of the haven there lyeth a Sand called Otter Otter when you have past the fishermens stakes then turne up westward before the town and there ancker at sixe or seven fathome half flood or at lowe water at five or sixe fathome But if comming out of the south from the Nase you will goe into Harwich then place Harwich steeple in the valley of Heyningh which standeth upon the land and hold it standing so going northnorthwest till you come by the north land then sayle upon the north point of the haven untill Harwich steeple commeth without the point of the land then sayle in about a cables length by the north side and doe as I said before III. How you shall sayle into the River of London called the Thames SOuth from Koersand or Koert there goeth a chanel east and by north and eastnortheast into the Sea to sayle into it place Walton which lyeth south fâ—om the Nase west and by south and westsouthwest from you and sayle so right upon it west by south and westsouthwest until Harwich steeple commeth in the aforesaid valley of Heyningh if then you will goe to Harwich doe as I said before But if you will goe to the Spits then goe southwest along by the north land for that is faire flatte and you may well sound it and leave the long sand Goenvliet on baghborde Goenvliet o â—â—gsand goe not neere unto it for there it is verie shoring the nearer to it the deeper water sayle forward as I said before untill S. Oges steeple which standeth there upon the high land being a speere steeple which is also called the Spits be over against the redde tyled house which standeth on the water side against the white Cliffe they will then stand about north and by west from you keepe them standing so and goe south and by east and southsoutheast along over the Sands there at half flood it is three fathome water but look well to your streames for the flood falleth strongly along by the north land to Colchester haven not long since there haâ—pened a ship to be cast awaie on the east side upon Long sand wâ—ich lyeth soncke there the mast thereof still shewing above the water being now a verie faire beacon and a certaine marke for those that will goe in or out that waie for when you come against the Sand you shall presently see it leave it on baghborde when you will goe inward and sayle your course aforesaid untill you finde deeper water againe to wete six or seven fathome there you shall finde a tonne when you come to the tonne then goe southeast to Whitakers beacon Whitaker beacon and from thence forward southsouthwest and southwest by south to the beacon upon the Shooe from the Shooe beacon Shooe beacon to Black tayle westsouthwest and being past it then you come into the reach of the Sea or the chanel and then the beacon upon the Noore or the Loer standeth about southwest from you leave it on baghborde and goe then in the middle of the chanel to Gravesende To sayle up the River of Thames from Margat To sayle from Margat up the Thames sayle along by the land two cables length from it untill the Recolvers be southsouthwest or south from you then you come against the beacon called the Spill then you must put somewhat off from the land to the Lassen and sayle betweene the tonne the beacon there you shall finde it three fathome deepe at lowe water and five fathome at high water From thence goe forward to the I le of Sheppie Sheppie and sayle along by it within two cables length from the land and when you are past Quinborowe then put somewhat off from the south side to shunne the Noore or Loer which commeth shooting off from the point of the south land but there standeth alwaies a beacon upon it whereby you may knowe it you must sayle along by it leaving it on baghborde when you are past it then you enter betweene both the lands into the chanel of the Thames it reacheth east and west there you must sayle in the middle of the chanel to shunne the Sands which lye on the north side of the river and sayle so forward inwards to Gravesende To sayle into the north chanel off from the Foreland then place Margat steeple over against the white sandbaye which
aforesaid I desire to know the age of the Moone the 28 of Iulie the Epact is 19 whereunto I adde 5 for the moneths past from March and 28 more for the dayes of the moneth that are past which together maketh 52 from which I subtract 30 there resteth 22 and that is the age of the Moone upon that day that which is here alledged concerneth the New Stile wholly CHAP. XXV Of the Sea-cardes IT is well knowne unto everie man specially to all those that understand the groundes of Cosmographie that the Earth and the Sea together is a round bodie or Globe so that it is impossible in such sort to set downe and shewe the same or the partes thereof in one plat forme or carde that they may be well distinguished without error for it is impossible to make a thing that is round to be like in all proportions with that which is flatte so that the cōmon flatte Sea-cardes many tymes in some places are untrue specially those that set forth great voyages farre from the Equinoctiall but the Sea-cardes that are cōmonly used here aboutes for the East West voyages by Sea they are reasonable true or els the faults therin are so smale that they cannot be any hinderance thereunto they are most fitt Instruments to be used by sea and our old farefathers which first practised them did great pleasure profit unto Seafaring men The want that we finde in them consisteth herein is thus found If a man were to sayle to a place with three points into the Sea the two first points might be sayled by their strokes and distances but from the second to the third place that is the third side of the triple point it wil fayle both in the stretching and the distance Example I sayle from the Lezard with a right course to the Ilands of Canaria and from thence againe to the Ilands of Corvo Flores for the which two strokes and distances my Carde is well made but if I wil sayle again from Corvo to Lezard frō whence I first sayled the Carde will shewe me an imperfect course that is it will shew farther in the Carde then it is and it shal differ also in the stretching so that you must set your course more northerly then the Carde sheweth In our short wayes as aforesaid this is not much marked is litle esteemed but they that sayle to West-India they perceive it well ynough When they sayle outward they hold their way farre southward and there finde their Cardes just with their due lengths because the Cardes are made for the purpose but returning home againe when they hold their course northerly then they finde the way to be shorter then their Cardes shew it The cause thereof is this all the lines in flat Sea cardes from south to north are al over drawn just even each som other from the Equinoctiall to the Pole but upon a round Globe which is made in forme like the Earth they are not of alike widenesse but the more Northerly they are the nearer they come one to the other so that two strokes of south and north at the breadth of 60 degrees are but half so wide one from the other as upon the Equinoctiall Line and under the Pole they fall close together Wherefore if two ships being under the Equinoctiall distant from each other 200 leagues both of them may sayle right north without let or hinderance they would come to the height of 60 degrees and be but 100 leagues one from the other and if they should hold on the same course they would at last meet both together under the Pole but if you should prick the course of those two shippes in a flat Sea-carde the distances in the Carde would remaine alike whereby it is playnely seene that al places in the Sea-cardes lying farr northward are much to great unles they be drawne lesse which cannot well be done without making other places falser but how all such places may be made even and holpen you may see it in the Sea-cardes of West India which were printed and made by us Amongst manie Pilots there is an opinion that they had rather use the written Cardes then such as are printed esteeming the printed Cardes to be imperfect and say that the written Cardes are much better and perfecter they meane the written Cardes that are dayly made by men are everie day corrected the printed never but herein they are not a litle deceived for the printed Cardes in each respect are as good yea better then the written for that the printed Cardes are once in everie point with al care and diligence made perfect in regard that they serve for many for that being once well made all the rest may with as litle labour be made good as wel as bad But the Sea-cardes that are written can not be made so sound nor with such speed because so much cost for one peece alone were to much but are all one after the other with the least labour copied out and many tymes by such persons that have litle or no knowledge therein Whatsoever there is yet resting to be corrected or made better is as easie to be corrected in the Cardes that are printed as in them that are written which wee also are readie to doe at our charge if any man can by good pro shewe us any thing that is to be corrected in the Cardes that are printed by us The ende of the Introduction THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE LIGHT OF NAVIGATION VVHEREIN ARE DESCRIBED AND DRAVVEN all the Coasts and Havens of the VVest Seas as of Holland Zealand Flanders France Spaine and Barbarie ALSO Of the Ilands of Canaria Madera and the Flemish Ilands together with the South and VVest Coasts of Ireland and England AT AMSTERDAM Printed by VVilliam Iohnson dwelling upon the VVater by the Old Bridge at the Signe of the Golden Son-dyall Anno 1612. Set heere the first Carde noted with N. 1. Caarte vande Zuyder-Zee en van de vermaerde Stromen ende Gaten van't Vlie ende Texel wat zanden platen drooghten diepten ende ondiepten daein gheleghen zÿn ende hoemen die zoo in 't op al 's afzeylen schouwen ende mÿden zal Description de la Zuyder-Zee et des tresrenommez fleuves du Texel et Vlie monstrant tous sables bancqs secheresses et autres inconveniens sur lesdictes fleuves et par quel moyen on les peult eviter CHAPTER I. THE DESCRIPTION OF the Streame running in the Flie and the Tessel and hovv you must sayle out of the Flie and the Tessel I To sayle from Amsterdam and Enchuysen to the Flie. TO sayle from Amsterdam to the fal of Urck you must sayle in the middle of the water to Tyort and if you wil sayle from thence over Pampus with a ship that drawes much water that is at least tenne foot or more then keep Marker church without upon the Land of Udam called Schyteldoecks haven so long till the
the towne house is within a hand-staffe of the east ende of a great house which standeth in the Breestreet From the innermost tonne to the middlemost the course is north and north and by west lyeth upon these Markes the same landhouse is right against Boekarspel and the towre of the towne house is right upon the gavell ende of the great house so that you may see just betweene them From the middle tonne to the north tonne in Hillegat the course is north and north and by west Markes of the uttermost ton in the north chanell and lyeth upon these markes Greatbrooke is right against a lowe land house which standeth north from the high Hayhill which standeth upon the Dyke and Enchuysen steeple is right cast from a high house which is in the middle of the towne in such sort as you may see just betweene them and also when the steeple is right against a Cape which is placed there that is the best marke and by that you finde the uttermost tonne when you come from the Sea and seeke to goe in at the north chanell To sayle from the uttermost tonne from Hillegat to the toÌ„ne upon Creupel Markes of the tonne at Creupel your course is north and by west and north-north-west according to the winde and the streame which lyeth upon these markes Brooke is right against Hem two sharp stteeples as before in the description of the Vlie streame is declared and if you desire then to sayle to the Vlie then sayle from thence to Kreil as in the aforesaid description I have shewed In like sort if comming from Amsterdam through the fall of Urck you desire to goe to the Tessel and are at the tonne at Creupel as aforesaid then take the course hereafter set downe The tonne at Creupell lyeth at 3 fathome water upon the east ende of Creupel sand and from thence to the beakon upon Creupel sand The beakon upon Creupel-sand the course is northwest and northwest and by west when the blunt steeple of Lutkebrooke is right against the sharp steeple of Hem then you have the length of the beakon upon Creupel From the beakon upon Creupel sand to the south tonne upon Wieringer flattes the course is west-north-west and north-west and by west as the winde and streame serveth The markes are South ton upon Wieringhen flattes Grootebrooke steeple is betweene two Hayehilles which stand east from the milles upon the north Dyke that is a Long-marke When the square steeple of Twisch westward of Memelick is right over Almerdorp which in tymes past had a blunt steeple but now it is fallen downe and therefore not so well to be knowne that was a right Crosse-marke But upon Wieringhen there is a Cape set bring that right upon the blunt steeple on the east ende of Wieringhâ—n sayle towardes it you can not misse the south tonne and when Westlander steeple is over Cleverstee which is three or four houses standing upon the west ende of Wieringhen then you may see the south tonne upon Wieringhen Flattes How to shunn the Gammels If you will sayle over Wieringhen flattes when you sayle outward then note that if Twisch first commeth upon Almerdorp then you are to neare the Gammels but if Cleverstee first come upon Westlander church then you are to neare Breesand These are sure markes when there are no tonnes to sayle over the flattes But if you will Ancker before Wieringhen flattes then goe no nearer the flattes then when Twisch is betweene Almerdorp and Opperdoes for when Twisch is right against Almerdorp then you have the length of the south tonne as I sayd before To sayle from the south tonne to Memelick keepe the five water milles the length of a ship on the east or south side of Memelick and so sayle right upon Memelick and sayling so To sayle to Memelick you shall not finde lesse then 11 or 12 foot water at half flood From the south tonne upon Wieringen flattes to the second tonne the course is northwest and northwest and by north but if you wil sayle in the deepest water then from the south tonne you must first saile northwest so long til that Ipelshover church is right against the water mill called the Bolmill and then goe northwest and by north to the second tonne The second tonne lyeth upon the south ende of the flatt called Repel the west chanell thereof is full 2 fathome deepe at lowe water and hardly three fathome at high water The markes of the second tonne are these when the Corne-mill of Wieringhen is right against the open of the Oever Right west from the middle tonne upon Wieringhen flattes there lyeth a hard sand or flatt called the Sowe The Sowe which reacheth to the north tonne and upon it there alwaies standeth a beakon That flat at the east ende is verie shoring When you sayle outward you must leave it on the baghborde and you must be verie circumspect to looke unto it for there it is not broad Markes of the North tonne When you have past by the middle tonne then goe north-north-west to the north tonne upon the Flatte and when you are right against it then Oostlander church and the cornemill are both right against the litle chapel which standeth upon the Oever which is a chapel covered with red tyles and right against it standeth the beakon upon the Sowe To shuÌ„ne the Sowe Vpon Wieringhen by the Oever there standeth a watch-house when you leave the middle tonne keepe it standing so that you may see betweene the Oever and the watch-house then you shall not come neare the Sowe that is a good Long-marke for such as knowe it When you come to the north toÌ„ne then hold one course until Oostlander church be north from Wierdyke of the Oever because of Iaepvaers Flatte Iapevaers flatte which you must leave on starreborde then goe north and north by west to the beakon upon Vlieter The Vlieter which standeth upon the point of the Waert where you may sayle through the Wieringher shelf But keepe the north tonne right against Memelick steeple as long as you can see it and goe north and by west untill you see the tonne or the beakon upon the Nesse on the west wall for on it there standeth a beakon The Nes. or els there lyeth a white tonne but on the east side a black tonne before the Balck which in sayling up a man may sayle by at 4 or 5 fathome If you will seeke the best Roade before Wieringhen Flattes for shippes that must be lightned then set Westlander church right against the broken church of Strew and there you shall finde the best Rode When you are at the beakon or white tonne upon the Nesse then goe by degrees westerly that is north-north-west northwest and by west northwest to the beakon upon Voglesand The Beakon upon VogelsaÌ„d the west wal may be sounded with the
Huysduynen to Petten it is 4 leagues south and by west Petten Petten hath a smale church with a litle steeple about Petten you may see two other sharp litle steeples in the North land full south there aboutes lyeth the Houtbosch A league south from Petten lyeth Camper Downe Camper-downe which is the best land there aboutes to be knowne the north ende is a slope steep white banck which runneth stope downewards but the south part thereof is graye and rough overgrowne with heath on the south side thereof there are many rugged knottes or downes and sometymes there runneth a white blenck under it whereby it is verie easily to be knowne From Petten to Egmont upon the Sea Egmont upon the Sea it is 3 leagues Egmont upon the Sea also is verie wel to be knowne for it hath a thick flatte steeple which standeth lyke a sayle in the downes and a litle to the south from it there you may see Egmont within Egmont within which hath two high towres upō the Abbay which stand one right against the other whereof the one is sharp the other to wete that which is most north is flat for that one of the speeres thereof fell downe not long since On the north side of the Abbay there is yet a towre of the church which yet standeth upon the old wall but it is not so high as that upon the Abbay So that upon the whole coast of Holland there is no place so well to be knowne as this From Egmont upon the Sea to Wyck upon the Sea VVyck upon the Sea it is three leagues which also hath a flatte steeple when you are over against Wyck upon the Sea then north from thence you may see the steeple of Beverwyck which is a great high speere steeple besides this betweene Egmont Wyke upon the Sea you may see Castricom and other speere steeples From Wyke upon the Sea to Sandvoort it is 3 leagues Sandvoort Sandvoort hath a speere steeple with a high beakon which standeth right south from it in the black downes which sheweth like a steeple North from Sandvoort there lyeth a high white downe where you may see Haerlem Haerlem over it which is a high four square crosse church with a high spere steeple which stādeth in the middle of the church and on the north side also an other long small spere steeple called Backenesser steeple Heere aboutes the Coast of Holland hath a great Creeke or Inwyke From Sandvoort to Nortwick Nordwyc upon the Sea it is 3 leagues it is a flat steeple and right against it there standeth a beakon north from Northwick upon the Sea you may see Northwick within the land which is a flat steeple whereon there is a litle cape not verie high and in the middle of the church ther is a smal towre Frō Northwick to Catwick Catwick upon the Sea it is a league which also hath a flat steeple which in tymes past had a spere right south from it there standeth a high beakō which you may easily see before the steeple there aboute also you see within the land when you are not far frō the land Catwick upon the Rhine Rinsburgh Valckenburgh which are all spere steeples From Catwick to Scheveling Scheveling are 3 leagues the quier of Scheveling church is higher then the bodie of the church as the Haeghes church is ful south frō that church there standeth also a beakon about half a league within the land you may see the Haegh church it is verie wel to be known From Scheveling to the Heyde it is two leagues and from thence to Gravesand Gravesād or the north point of the Mase it is a league the Heyde is a village without a steeple but a litle within the downs there standeth a flat steeple called Monster But Gravesant is an high spere steeple which is verie well to be knowne standeth on the north point of the Mase The Briel The Briel is a flatte steeple and that standeth upon the south point of the Mase and this whole coast of Holland from Huysduynen to the Mase is altogether a faire strand you may goe as near unto it as you will at four or five fathome water or thereaboutes Thus the coasts of Holland lyeth and sheweth betweene Huysduynen and Wyck upon the Sea when you sayle along by it about two leagues from the land Egmont within Beverwyck Tooghe Petten Camperduyn Egmont on the Sea Wyck of Sea Thus appeareth the coast of Holland betweene Wyck upon the Sea and the Mase as one sayleth along by it about a league and an half from the land Haerlem The Haegh Monster Sandvoort Noortwyck Catwyck Scheveling Gravesand III. How to knowe the land about the Mase and how you must sayle into the Mase as the expert and skilfull Pilot of the Briel Iacob Bouwenson gave me instruction at large in November 1607. ON the north side of the Mase lyeth Gravesand which hath a high speere steeple which is called our Ladie steeple which is the best to be knowne of all others in the Mase and a litle eastward from it there standeth a flatte steeple called Monster on the south side of the Mase upon the land of Vooren you shall see a great flatte steeple which is within the Briel Westward from the Briel standeth Eastvooren which is a flattish steeple with a smale speere upon it like to the Haeghs steeple Thus appeareth the land of Vooren as you are about a league without the Mase Briel Eastvooren To sayle into the Mase If you will sayle into the Mase then sayle til you bring both the capes which stand upon the land of the Briel one right against the other and then they will be about east and by south and east-south-east from you and sayle so upon them and you shall finde the uttermost tonne which lyeth at four fathome an half at lowe water then the Haegh steeple is verie neare right against Monster which is a flatte steeple which standeth a litle inward to the land from the Haye From the first tonne to the second the course is east-south-east and so forward along to the fift tonne so that from the first tonne to the fift you sayle along by the markes of the cape but then you must leave them The second tonne lyeth at three fathome and an half water the third at the rising of the threshold at three fathome the fourth at the dryest of the entrie at two fathome but the fift tonne againe lyeth at three fathome and being at it you are past the shallowest al the tonnes in the Mase lye on the north side of the haven and are so neare one unto the other that a man may easily see from the one to the other you must sayle betweene the tonnes and the land three or four shippes length southward from the tonne it is the deepest water From the fift to the sixt tonne so
the Mase then runne along by the land of the Briel at 4 fathome but goe no nearer unto it for in some places it is somewhat shoring How to go into the Goree chanel out of the north and when you are so farre southward that the steeple of Goree standeth south by east from you or somewhat more easterly then sayle right upon the Land of Goree and then also you shal sayle over the Flat aforesaid but when you are near the Land of Goree then beyond the Flat you enter into the deeper water then goe in forward along by the Mayeland of Goree as I said before and ankor where you will The Flat before spoken of is verie broad and stretcheth crosse over the chanell it is verie even and all of one depth The chanel of Goree is verie broad wide for when the steeple of Goree standeth betweene east and by south Markes of Goree gat or chanel and s by e. froÌ„ you then you may without al fear sayle to the foot-strand of Goree you must then still runne over the Flatte aforesaid and shall not finde lesse then three and three fathome an half water at lowe water and when you come to the foot-strand of Goree you shall have deeper water then goe in forward by the mayeland as aforesaid To knowe Goree laÌ„d The Land of Goree is known by the great flat steeple of Goree by a sharp litle steeple which standeth on the west ende called Outdorp further also you see the cape there whereof I spake before Thus the Land of Goree sheweth when it is about a league crossewise from you Goree Outdorp V. To sayle into the chanell of Brewers haven HE that desireth to sayle into Brewers haven he must understand that there are three bankes lying before the land which runne along by the strand the uttermost lyeth at least a kenning from the land which is called the Breebanck Breebanck upon it it is 7 fathome deepe but within it it is againe 19 fathome deepe The second lyeth nearer to the land upon the which it is five fathome deepe The Ooster SchelbaÌ„ck and within it 7 fathome water The third called the Schelbanck lyeth crosse before the mouth of the haven without the first tonne and upon it at lowe water it is 3 fathome water If you will sayle into the chanell of Brewers haven then set the two capes that stand upon the Land of Schouwen one right against the other and sayle upon them to the strand of Schouwen to four fathome water and when you have gotten to four fathome water then runne northeast in yet as winde streame serveth you there you shall finde the uttermost tonne which you must leave to seaward or on the baghborde sayle forward in that sort so long untill that Renesse standeth eastward of the blenck that is the high downe which lyeth on the west side of Bruwers haven then Goree will be right against Outdorp or almost one uppon the other keepe those markes in that sort until you have deeper water or that you have past the second tonne which as you enter in leave upon starborde when you wil keep in the depest water but you may sayle lower about And then if you will sayle to Brewers haven then set Bommene without the point of Ossesteert and sayle upon it to the foot strand of Schouwen for the sandes on baghborde are verie shoring you must not goe nearer unto them when you lavere then sixe fathome goe forward along by the strand to the head of the haven and there anckor there you shal have 8 9 fathome deepe the tonnes in Brewers havens chanell are layd against the Buysses goe out to Sea and taken in againe when they have done fishing When a man coÌ„meth out of the Sea To knowe the land of SchouweÌ„ the Land of Schouwen when you fall upon it sheweth to your sight with 3 or 4 high and long white downes which are called the Woolsackes that in the west is the highest and longest upon the land also you may see some churches with smale speres but on the south ende towards Sealand there is a high four square flat church Brewers haven hath a sharpe steeple and the land of Scouwen reacheth it self out further east then the other landes whereby also it is well to be knowne From the west ende of the Land of Schouwen there is a bad long Riffe at least two leagues and more into the Sea which is called the Banjaert The Banjaert from the uttermost ende of the Riffe to Botkil it is south-south-west and with such a course you can not misse it Thus the land of Schouwen sheweth when it lyeth about a league an half thartwise from you Brewers haven VI. How you shall sayle into the Veer-chanel or Haven TO sayle into the Veer-haven or gat so called in Dutch I counsell you not to enter into it before half flood be past for the latter ebbe the fore flood fall right crosse over the Banjaert into the Roompot to the land of Schouwen but when the flood is half spent then it runneth right into the Veer-haven a south and a north Moone make the highest water in Veerhaven and an east west Moone the lowest water therein but when the Moone is southeast or northwest then the water there is 2 thirdpartes flood How to sayle into Veer haveÌ„ comming out of the north If you will sayle into the Veer-haven comming out of the north then goe no nearer to the land of Schouwen or the Banjaert then seven fathome water for upon the Banjaert in some places it is not above 4 or 5 foot deepe and much dryer but beyond it it is 7 8 and 9 fathome soft ground sayle about it on the outside untill that Eastchappell is half a ships length eastward from Middleburgh sayle with those markes to Walcheren Markes to entâ—r the haven so long untill that the steeples of Westkerck and Coortgeen be right upon each other or that the steeple of Coortgeen standeth a bowe length southward of the flatte steeple of Westkerck sayle then upon it and you shall finde the first tonne but goe no nearer to the strand of Walcheren then 7 or 8 fathome water for if you doe you may chance to sayle behinde a point of land called the Onrust which commeth off from Walcheren You must also goe no nearer to the land of Schouwen or the Banjaert then 8 fathome water for it is verie steepe The first tonne lyeth at 8 fathome on the south strand when you come to the first tonne you may easily see the second so forth from the one to the other all the four tonnes must be left on starborde when you goe in and you must sayle close by them for on both sides it is verie steep and shoring when you are at the innermost then sayle to the Mayland and goe close along by it at three or four fathome if
verie foule A litle waie southward of Swartenesse there stand some fewe houses with a mill all along to the mill you may not anckor but you will indure some hurt and dammage either in your cables or anckors Two leagues southward from Swartenesse lyeth the Old-man or Tour d'ordre Tour d'ordre or the Oldman there is a faire sandie Baye there you may lye safe free from a north winde it is a good Rode for northeast east and southeast windes for shippes that will faile eastward you may anckor there at 6 or 7 fathome so that the point or the steeple be north and by east from you But half waie betweene Swartenesse and the Old man lyeth S. Iohns Rode S. Iohns Rode there you may anckor at 15 or 16 fathome for there it is faire ground To anckor there you must bring the steeple of the village against the middle of the houses but there lyeth some rockes along by the land which you must be carefull to shunne and goe not neare unto them About two leagues from Tour d'ordre lyeth Beunen or Bullen and when such as lye at anckor under the Oldman goe on land they may from above looke downe into the River of Bullen Betweene Tour d'ordre the Somme Somme there is a great creeke and when you are right against the Somme it is shallowe water 3 or 4 leagues at the least into the Sea about 6 or 7 fathome deepe such shippes as come out of the west are many tymes cast away there but when you finde shallow water for a long tyme you must understand that you are about the river of Somme He that wil sayle up to Bullen To sayle into Bullen haven must goe by the land by Tour d'ordre at 3 fathome and then along by the land to the middle of the river and then keepe the middle of the chanel the north side is full of rockes or cliffes from the south side there commeth a riffe or sand shooting out and runneth a good waie by the haven which you must be warie of and close before the river also there lyeth a banck which you may sayle under on the south side at two fathome on the north side at 3 fathome and there you may anckor or goe into the haven It is a tyde-haven where you must goe in at a high water and at a lowe water sit drie as you doe in all the havens of Flanders You may there runne close along by the coast at 2 3 4 5 fathome as drie as you will but before the havens you must put somewhat further off because of the rockes which lye before them The course from the Oldman to the river of Somme is south and north distant 8 or 9 leagues and from Bullen to Somme Somme it is south and south and by west distant 6 leagues Betweene them there are two rivers more the one called Cauche Cauche the other Antij Antij upon the first there lyeth Monstruel and Estaples Estaples and Monstruel about 3 or 4 leagues southward from Bullen This is no speciall haven you must enter into it at high water and keepe the middle of the chanell you shall finde it drie when you are within it To sayle up the river Somme Before the Somme it is shallowe water at least two leagues into the Sea at 5 or 6 fathome and from the north point of the river there commeth a Riffe or Sand shooting out which runneth almost over the deepe so that a man passing it by the south shore he must sayle at 3 fathome water as farre as to S. Valeries which lyeth on the south side then from the southshore there commeth another Sand shooting off almost cleane over the river so that as then you must turne to Crottoy which lyeth on the north side if it were not for the banck aforesaid which runneth crosse over before the haven it were a haven for a great ship to goe into for in the entrie of the haven it is 3 fathome and within 2 fathome deepe Abbeville Abbeville lyeth about 5 leagues upwards in the land From Tour d'ordre or the Oldman to Deepe the course is s s w. 16 leagues but from the river of Somme to Diepen Diepen it is southwest and northeast 8 or 9 leagues betweene both that is 4 leagues from Somme and 4 leagues from Deepe lyeth the river of Heu and on the north side thereof a litle towne called Triport or Tresport where into you must enter with a high water as in a tyde-haven with lowe water lying drie To sayle into the haven of Diepen The Haven of Deepe on the east side is to be entred at 3 fathome there lye three tonnes in the chanel you must sayle frō the one unto the other leaving them on your left hand as you goe in on the east side of the land there shooteth a peece of land out along but if you keepe at 3 fathome then you sayle not under that peece of land and from the west point of the haven or towne there commeth a great Sand running downe and reacheth north without in the chanel it is 3 fathome and within somewhat dryer that is 2 fathome There may a reasonable great ship goe into the rivers of Somme and Deepe when it floweth but small shippes may goe in there at half flood at a lowe water you lye drie To sayle from Deepe to the river of Roane you have first frō Deepe to S. Valerie or Valderie in Caux S. Valerie in Caux 4 leagues This is a drie tyde-haven wherein you must enter with high water whereby there goeth none but small shippes in and out from it From S. Valerie to Fecam To sayle into Fecam it is w. s w. 4 leagues it is a faire tyde-haven where at lowe water there is about 2 fathome There lyeth a banck or Flat on the east side of the haven you may passe with small shippes betweene the land and this Flatte with the lead at 8 or 9 foot water having regard to the Eastland for that is flatte But if you will goe about or without the Flat then you must place Fecam steeple without the land or without the west point of the haven and then it will stand s s e. from you and so goe into the haven then the Sand is on baghborde Eastward of the said haven also there is a chanell to goe in but the west side is best having in the haven 2 fathome water and when you are within before the towne there you may anckor on the west side at 3 fathome half flood the east side is flatte From Fecam it is w. s.w to Struysaert Struysaert and Seynhoft a litle towne lying in a Creeke about 3 leagues from Seynhead or Seynhoft Without the point of Struysaert lye two high sharp Rockes and are about north n. by e. from Seynhead 2 leagues From Deepe to Struysaert it
of Ornay Cape de Hague ruÌ„neth the Rasse of Blanckert Ras of BlaÌ„ckaert but westward from Ornay lye the Casquettes or Kiscasses which in the next Chapter shall be described Thus Chierenburch and the land after the Cape de Hague sheweth it self when it is southeast from you four leagues IIII. How these Countries lye distant one from the other FRom Calis to Swartenesse southwest 1 ½ league From Calis Cliffe to Tour d'ordre or the Oldman south and north distant 2 leagues From Calis cliffe to the River of Somme s and n. 8 leagues From the river of Somme to Treport s s w. 8 leagues From Triport to Diepen southwest 8 leagues From Diepen to Fecam west-south-west 11 leagues From Fecam to Struysart southwest by west 2 leagues From Struysaert to Seynhead south-south-west 2 leagues From the Seynhead to Caen in the Fosse s s w. 8 leagues FroÌ„ Caen to Dierliet or the point of Barchfleur n. w. 16 leagues From Dierliet to Cape de Hague west w. by n. 8 leagues From Calis cliffe to Diepen south-south-west and somewhat southerlyer 19 leagues From Calis cliffe to Struysaert or cape de Caux w. by south and somewhat southerlyer 29 leagues From Swartenesse to Diepen south-south-west 16 leagues From Swartenesse to Struysaert southwest by south somewhat westerlyer 29 leagues V. How all these places lye distant from other Countries FRom Swartenesse to Casquettes w. s.w 48 leagues From Swartenesse to the Isle of Wight west somewhat southerlyer 36 leagues From Swartenesse to Bevechier west 20 leagues From Diepen to the I le of Wight w.n.w. 36 leagues From Diepen to Bevechier northwest 21 leagues From Diepen to Dover north 23 leagues From Struysaert to the East ende of the I le of Wight northwest and somewhat northerlyer 29 leagues From Struysaert to Bevechier south north 24 leagues From Struysaert to Fierley north and by east 28 leagues From Struysaert to the point of Dover n. n. e. 32 leagues From Stonehead to Dierliet or the point of Chierenburch west and somewhat northerlyer 20 leagues FroÌ„ Seynhead or Stonehead to Portland n.w. by w. 36 leag From Dierliet to the point of Chierenburch to Kasquettes west and by north 16 leagues From Dierliet to the I le of Wight north and somewhat westerlyer 20 leagues From Dierliet to Bevesier northeast by north 29 leagues From the Rasse of Blankart to Portland n.n.w. 17 leagues From Cape de la Hague to Kasquettes w. by n. 16 leagues VI. Of the falling of the streames and what Moone maketh a high water on these coasts BEfore Calis and Swartenesse the flood falleth one quarter toward the land then it falleth north-north-east south-south-west and there on the land a southeast moone maketh an high water From Swartenesse to Bullen the flood falleth n. by e. upoÌ„ the land but without in the Sea it falleth n. n. e. and s s w. a south-south-east moone maketh a high water there From Bullen to Diepen and before the river of Somme the flood falleth a quarter towards the land then it falleth northeast and by north a south-south-east moone maketh the highest water in this haven From Diepen to Struysaert without the land in the Trave the flood falleth northeast by east the ebbe s w. by w. From Struysaert to Caen in the Fosse the flood falleth south-south-west and the ebbe n. n. e. From Seynhead to Barchfleur the flood falleth east and by north west by south by the land but in the chanel without the land the flood falleth e. n. e. and the ebbe w. s w. At Newhaven in the river of Roane it is high water with a southeast moone Before the haven of Caen it is high water with a south-south-east moone within the haven with a s by e. moone At Markel la Honge Berchvliet Chierenburch and Cape de Hague by the land a s by e. moone maketh a high watr VII At what depths you may see these places and how you shall knowe the land VVhen you are through the Heads against the Singles or about Deepe and being a litle out of the chanel you may see the land at 20 and 21 fathome The high land of Staples lyeth southward of the Oldman or Tour d'ordre it is verie high land the steeple of the Oldman is a thick flatte steeple and standeth upon the northpoint of the haven of Bullen if you fall upon the river of Somme it is shallowe water 8 9 and 10 fathome and then the high land of Estaples will be north-north-east from you The land from the river of Somme to Deepe is all sandie strand and there you finde divers speere steeples some milles and trees upon the land About 4 leagues without Struysaert it is 20 fathome deepe Five leagues without the land of Caen it is 22 fathom deep Against the cape of Barchfleur and Chierenburch 4 leagues from the land it is 30 fathome deepe The land betweene Deepe and Stonehead is knowne because there stand many churches with speere steeples and other trees and houses but Struysaert is best to be knowne because there is a high cliffe thereon like to a high steeple and in the Trave it is 16 or 17 fathome deepe La Honge is a flatte steeple lying two leagues eastward from Barchfleur there lye the two Ilands of S. Marke eastward which you may sayle round about Barchfleur is a high point and there standeth a flatte steeple beneath upon the white land about eastward is more white land and there stand two milles some houses upon it whereby this point is wel to be knowne Upon Cape de la Hague standeth a castle with a small towre and a litle eastward within the land there standeth a speere steeple and Chierenburgh lyeth two leagues about eastward upon the water side having a flatte steeple VIII Vnder what degrees these places lye CAlis Cliffe lyeth under 50 degrees 52 minutes The river of Somme lyeth under 50 degrees 18 minutes The point of Struysard lyeth under 49 deg 45 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 4. Beschrivinge der Zeecusteâ—â—an Picardie ende Normandie Jtem de ghelegentheijt aller Rivieren Reeden ende Havenen tusschen Cales ende de Kiscassen ghelegen watmen aldaer te ontmâ—eten ende waermen hem voor te wachten heeft van nieus op veel plaetsen seer gecorrigeert enÌ„ verbetert Description des Costes marines de Picardie et Normandie monstrant la vraije situation de toutes les Rivieres Rades et Haures entre Calais et les Casquettes aussij tout ce qu'on peut reÌ„contrer la environ et de quoy on se doibt garder de nouveau emendé et corrige en plusieurs lieux CHAPTER IIII. THE DESCRIPTION OF all the Ilands Sea-coasts and Havens of Normandie and Britanie situate betweene Cape de Hague and the Seims and how you shall sayle by them I. The situation of the Ilands of Ornay Casquettes Garnsey Sarck and Iarsey ON
where with lowe water it is five fathome deepe But if you will put into S. Pauls de Lyon S. Paul de Lion then sayle to the great rock with the two hornes or saddle and sayle close along by the rock when you have gotten about the rock then chuse your land there lyeth a village upon the land called Plainpoul Plainpoul sayle to it for there eastward the river goeth in These are all tyde-havens but betweene the rock of Morlions and the Iland called Bas it is deep ynough at lowe water to hide a shippe IIII. The situation of the land between S. Paul de Lyon and Heysant TO knowe the land of S. Paul you must understand that it is dubble land and that there stand two speere steeples upon the church and upon the Iland de Bas there stand two stakes up like unto milles it lyeth crosse before them This Iland at the east ende hath a high craggie rock and when you are east from this rock then you may see two speere steeples standing a litle the one from the other which are the steeples of Plainpoul you shal also see the castle of Morlaix lying southeast from you upon a high rock The aforesaid uttermost craggie rock of Morlaix lyeth from the point of the Iland de Bas east and east and by south 4 or 5 leagues you may runne along betweene the firme land these rockes to Seven Ilands and in many places it is good anckor ground for they are all great creekes and betweene the rockes of Morlions and the Iland de Bas it is deepe ynough at a lowe water to hide a ship you may goe in on both sides of the Iland de Bas at 7 or 8 fathome with a lowe water and anckor where you will Thus the land of S. Paul sheweth it self to the Four toe when you sayle along by it four leagues from the land S. Paul de Lyon Obrevrack Le Four Behinde the Ile de Bas lyeth the towne of Roscou which hath manie great shippes because the water is deepe there To goe into the east chanel East chanel when you are past the high rock and come against the point of the firme land you must goe in betweene it and the Ile de Bas about west and west by south and anckor at half waie the lowe Iland de Bas at 8 or 9 fathome then you lye in the haven of Roscou To goe into the west chanel West have or chanel which goeth in by the land of Voert you shall see two great long rockes lying westward close by the firme land and from the point of the land right east of the easterlyest long rock there goeth a Sand off from the firme land which is the west side of the west haven of Roscou which runneth in by the west ende of Isle de Bas about southeast and when you are within then turne northeast up under the Iland there is the best Rode then Roscou will lye south and south by east from you It is from the Iland de Bas to Voert or Bacovens w. s w. w. by s about 13 leagues But from Roscou to Abbewrack Abewrack it is almost 7 leagues About northwest a league without the rockes of Abbewrack lyeth a rowe of rockes under the water therefore those that put by night out of Voert or that will laveere to the Four must goe no nearer to the land of Abbewrack then 4.5 fathome To knowe the land about the Voert there lyeth many white peeces of land as if they were Sandbayes along to the Voert many long rockes like as if they were villages and upon the land you may see some houses standing whereby this land is well to be knowne La Four and Heysant are distant almost 3 leagues west-south west and east-northeast V. To sayle betweene the Voert and Heysant through Conquet Fontenay Also the situation of al Creekes Havens and Rodes lying there aboutes THe Voert or Backovens Bacovens in French called le Four Le Four is knowen by manie out rockes which stand like black villages and in the firme land there are manie Sandbayes And you shall knowe Heysand Heysant for that at the south ende it goeth most part sloping downe and in the middle you see a small flatte steeple as the figure enseuing shewe you Thus Heysant sheweth it self when it is s by e. froÌ„ you about 4 leagues Thus Heysant sheweth it self when it is s e. from you about 4 leagues When Heysant is e. n. e. from you about three leagues it sheweth thus Heysant three or four leagues n. n. w. from you sheweth thus From the Four to S. Mathewes S. Mathewes point it is s s e. 4 leagues He that will sayle to Voert he must runne close by the land of Voert or le Four there lye rockes like black villages or houses along by the land behinde them are manie white Sandbayes as I have said before shewing how to know the land sayle close along by the rockes til you come to the point Upon the point there lye also two rowes of small rockes which you may passe along by at half the length of a peeces shot or the length of two cables and when you are about the point you shall see three heapes of rockes lying each a quarter of a league from the other sayle along close by them because of the north Hagles which lye betweene Heysant and the Four When you are against the middlemost heape of rockes then hold S. Mathewes Closter under the point of Conquets-ort or corner sayle right upon it untill you be close upon the point without turning farre from it because of the Bellaert which lyeth crosse over about two cables length from the said point and with a spring tide is above water And when you are by Conquets-ort or corner runne a cables length along by the same until you see the haven open Conquet but take good heed of the Fenestiers Fenestiers which lye a cables length from the land on the east point or side of Conquets haven Pascaarte vande ZeecusteÌ„ enÌ„ landeÌ„ van Normandie enÌ„ Bretaigne tusschen de Cabo de Hagu westwaert tot om Heijssant enÌ„ de Zeijins vertoonenÌ„ de wonderlijcke gebroocken landeÌ„ menichte vaÌ„ EijlandeÌ„ enÌ„ clippeÌ„ aen die gewesteÌ„ gelegheÌ„ hoemeÌ„ die beseijlen sal enÌ„ wat meÌ„ te schouweÌ„ heeft alles gestelt op sijne rechte streckingen distantien enÌ„ hoochten Carte marine des Costes de Normandie et Bretaigne entre le Cap de Hagu vers ouest uisques a Heysant et les Seems monstrant au vif les terres merveilleâ—ses et entrerompues la multitude des isles guez et escueils situez ausdictes endroicts comment le tout on navigera et dequoij on sc gardern le tout mis selon ses vrâ—ijes routes distaÌ„ces et elevations ou haulteurs du Pole When Halman which is a high
the land of the east-point of this haven to S. Iolmes steeple reacheth northwest and southeast and from S. Iolmes to Croiswyke west-northwest and east-southeast along by the land it is about 7 8 and 9 fathome deepe the more southward about the deeper but against the point of Croixwyke you have sixe and seven fathome water againe so long untill you be within the banck Behinde the west point of Croiswyke there is a Rode A Rode behinâ—e Croiswyke as if it were a haven where you may lye at five sixe and seven fathome water And westward from the northwest-point of Crois-isle there is a flatte church upon the high land The land of Olduynen Olduâ—â—â—â— lyeth close north from this church The church standeth upon the first point of Croixwyke Southwest and by south from this church two leagues from the land lyeth a banck called the Foer Poer which in some places is drie at a lowe water it lyeth a league from the northwest-point of Croiswyke and from the east-point of Pulyen west and by north and somewhat northerlyer and from Bel-Isle it lyeth east it reacheth in length southwest and northeast when you keepe the steeple of Olduynen over against the west-point of Croixwyke and so goe east-northeast then you misse the banck And when the speere steeple standeth over the height of the east-ende of the land then you goe northward about the same banck and when you bring Pulyen steeple over the northwest-point of Croiswyke or Crois-isle then also you runne northward about the aforesaid banck And when you sayle east-northeast from the east-ende of Bel-Isle to Croiswyke then you goe west about the banck but when you goe east and east and by south from the east-ende of Bel-Isle then you goe east about the banck sayle so long east and east and by south on untill that the steeple of CroixIsle or Croiswyke be north-northwest from you and then sayle to the land and so forth at two cables length along by the land untill you see the rock and the haven called Pierre-passe then sayle close in by it it is there 4 fathome deepe But when you come from the Cardinal then keepe the steeple which standeth west from Croixwyke over the point then you runne northward about the banck then sayle towards the land about two towes length along by it as I said before When you come to the east point of Croiswyke then there shooteth a sand off froÌ„ the land Sand of Croiswyk which you may sound at three fathome round about The chanel is 8 9 10 fathome deepe The westerly steeple is Croiswyke the high steeple standing eastward is Pulien III. How you may sayle into the River of Nantes and the Baye the situation of the Iland of Heys IF you will sayle up the River of Nantes The River of Nantes and are within the banck called the Four then you must runne to the land of Croiswyke half a peeces shotte along by it untill you come to the Rock with the hole where you see through as if it were a gate there in the chanel it is deepe 8 9 fathome but against the rock it is 5 or 6 fathome deepe and when you goe by the north point of the river it is there 3 4 fathome deepe at lowe water within to S. Nazaret it is still deeper water as 5 6 and 7 fathome S. Nazaret S. Nazaret is a sharp steeple standing upon an out-point a litle within the north point of the River The Rock with the hole is called Pierrepasse from it you must runne at two towes length in upon the north point of the River whereon the sharp steeple called S. Nazaret standeth untill you are within the rocks called les Porceaux The Pourceaux which lye in the middle of the River betweene the Rock with the hole and the steeple aforesaid and appeare above the water at half tyde A litle within S. Nazaret upon the northland standeth a sharp spere steeple when that steeple is without the south land then you cannot hurt your self upon that rocke there runne northward about A litle eastward there lyeth another sand with rocks where you may runne eastward about with great shippes for there it is verie flatte to the point being within the point you may anckor at 6 or 7 fathome Eastward from S. Nazaret there lye two villages betweene those villages it is verie flat stone ground there you must chuse the south land But when you are half waie betweene the easterlyest village then you may sayle upon the point of the village till you be past it but against the easterlyest village on the south side at the point there lyeth a banck called Pinbuf Pinbuf it reacheth almost half into the River yet you may goe betweene the point and this banck at 5 or 6 fathome for this is the Rode for shippes that will put to Sea A league further inwards in the middle of the River there lye two banckes of stones which at lowe water are seene above it these banckes lye in the chanel At Pelerin Pelerin is the lading place almost three leagues froÌ„ Nantes from whence the wares come in boates to lade the shippes But this is Pilot water which you commonly take in by the aforesaid sharpe towre of S. Nazaret where when you are within you may anckor at 10 or 12 fathome and staye for a Pilot. Those that from S. Nazaret will goe to Sea againe must doe as followeth sayle along by the northland untill you come without the second point of the River turne then off from the north land into the middle of the River and sayle a great way southward about Pierrepasse and then when you may see the rock which lyeth north from Pierrepasse without the point there it is four fathome and an half deepe and when Pierrepasse is north-northwest and n. by w. from you then you are right against the rocke and there you have deeper water at 5 6 and at last 7 fathome but when you come into the Trave of Picqueliers then you have 10 and 12 fathome water Before the River of Nantes there lye many banckes but at half flood you may well goe over them And the south point of the River of Nantes is distant from the north point n. n. w. s s e. 4. leagues Then this land runneth into a great creeke and there men runne into the Baye These uneven banckes in the River of Nantes are verie unlike sometymes you cast 15 fathome and presently after but 7 or 8 fathome But to sayle from Bel-Isle to the baye of Armentiers To sayle to the baye then goe on e. s e. till you see the Closter of Armentiers but before the River of Nantes it is uneven and banckie when you see the Closter of Armentiers Armentiers eastward from the trees which stand into landward beyond the said Closter then goe forward east and e. and by n. so
long untill that the Closter commeth within the castle of Armentiers then you are within the Monck-lege Monck-lege then goe e. s e. untill you are within the rock called Pierremen Pierremen which you may goe about on both sides and when you may see the Grave open then you may anckor at 7 or 8 fathome goe on land to fetch a Pilot for it is Pilots water From Bel-Isle to Armentiers the course is e. s e. about 12 or 13 leagues distant From Armentiers to Heys it is south and by east 7 leagues And from Bel-Isle to Heys Heys it is s e. 16 leagues The Iland of Picqueliers lyeth right upon the point of Armentiers Between Armentiers or Picqueliers Picqueliers Heys it is an uneven chanel with manie shallowes and banckes of 4 5 6 and 7 fathome To knowe Heyes you must understand that you may see it beneath on the hatches when you are at 35 fathome in the Sea on the east ende of Heys there standeth a sharp steeple some houses and milles so that it is wel to knowe When you sayle along by Heys almost 3 leagues of it sheweth it self thus In the chanel betweene Heys and Bel Isle it is 35 and 40 fathome but when you are within the chanel then it is but 25 fathome deepe Under Heys there is no great good Rode Rode under Heyes for there it rolleth too much as if the water came from under the Iland and at the north ende it is flatte water The Rode is when the steeple of the church is southwest from you at 8 or 9 fathome but you lye not safe there but from a southwest a west-southwest winde and there it raketh alwaies verie much From Heyes to the Kiliates or the Iland of S. Marten the course is e. s e. 12 or 13 leagues Betweene them both lyeth the Barse of Olone about half a league frō the land of Poictou but how you must shunne it sayle by the Kiliates is declared in the chapter ensewing Thus the land of Poictou sheweth it self betweene Heyes and the Iland of S. Marten when you sayle along by it being four leagues from it Olone IIII. What Moone maketh a high water on these coasts and of the falling of the streames VPon all the Coasts of Britaigne and Poictou as also upon all the Ilandes there aboutes a southwest a northeast moone maketh a high water But within the Havens Rivers Creekes and Bayes a s w. and by w. and a n. e. by e. moone or a point later as the Havens or Rivers stretch deeper into the land and there you reckon no falling of streames V. At what depths you may see the land about these Coasts and Ilands AT the Seims and Sheetes you may see the land at sixtie and five and sixtie fathome Against the East and Westpenmarques you may see the land at 55 and 60 fathome You may see Belisle at 60 fathome but then you must runne into the shorones or els to the toppe of the mast but at 55 fathome you may see it beneath Heys a man may see at 60 fathome with cleare wether You may see S. Martens Iland and the north ende of Olderdom or Oleron at 30 and 27 fathome VI. How these Lands lye one from the other FRom the Ras of Fontenay to Westpenmarques the course is southeast 9 leagues But from the west ende of the Seims to Westpenmarques east-southeast and somewhat southerlyer 13 leagues From Fontenay to Odegerne e. s e. 5 leagues From Odegerne to Westpehmarques s e by s 5 leagues From Westpenmarques to Eastpenmarques e. s e. 7 leagues From Glenant or Gloylant to Groye east west 9 leagues From Groye to the West ende of Bel-Isle south and by east and south-southeast 5 leagues From Glenant or Gloyland to Belisle s e. by e. 12 leagues From the northwest ende of Belisle to the southeast ende southeast and by east 3 leagues From Westpenmarques to Belisle east-southeast 21 leagues From the southeast-ende of Belisle to Picqueliers or Armentiers east-southeast 12 leagues From Belisle to the Cardinal east and by north and somewhat northerlyer 4 leagues From Belisle to Croiswyke e. by n. e. n. e. 11 leagues From the Cardinal to Olduynen e. n. e. 7 leagues From the West-point of Croiswyke to the North-point of the River of Nantes east-southeast 3 leagues From the point of the River of Nantes to Picqueliers south-southwest 7 leagues From Pierremen to Armentiers w. s w. 3 leagues From Armentiers or Picqueliers to Heys s by e. 7 leagues From the east-ende of Belisle to Heys southeast and somewhat easterlyer 16 leagues From Heys to the Barse of Olone e. by s 7 leagues Frō Heys to the Kiliates or S. Martens Iland e. s.e 12 or 13 leag VII How these Countries are distant from other Countries FRom the Seims or Fontenay to the Krage of Oleron s e. and by e. 72 leagues From the Seims to Bayone in France s e. 112 leagues From the Seims to S. Sebastians s e. by s 112 leagues From the Seims to Bilbao south-southeast and somewhat easterlyer 101 leagues From the Seims to S. Andero s s e. 96 leagues From the Seims to Cape de Pinas or Tores south 88 leagues From Seims to Ribadeus south by west 93 leagues From the Seims to Cape Ortegal south-southwest and somewhat southerlyer 91 leagues From the Seims to Cape Finisterre southwest by south and somewhat southerlyer 112 leagues From the Seims to Sorles north-northwest 46 leagues From Seims without about Heysant n. by w. 10 leagues From Westpenmarques to Viverus south-southwest 88 leagues From Westpenmarques to Cizarga s w by s 104 leagues From Groye to Cape de Finisterre s w. 123 leagues From Belisle to the River of Burdeaux southeast 50 leagues From Belisle to S. Sebastians south-southeast somewhat southerlyer 80 leagues From Belisle to S. Andero south 72 leagues From Belisle to Cape de Pinas or Tores s s w. 80 leagues From Belisle to Cape de Ortegal southwest 91 leagues From Bel-isle to Cape de Finisterre southwest 123 leagues From Heys to Cape de Pinas s w. by s 73 leagues From Heys to Cape Ortegal s w. by w. 94 leagues VIII Vnder what degrees these Countries lye THe Seims lye under 48 degrees 8 minutes The Westpenmarques lye under 47 degrees 50 minutes The Iland of Belisle lyeth under 47 degrees 25 minutes The Iland of Heys lyeth under 46 degrees 48 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 6. Eygentlijcke afbeeldinge der Zeecusten van Bretaignē en̄ Poictou tusschen de Semse en̄ het eijlat van S. Martin mitsgaders alle eijlanden Clippen Bancken en̄ ondiepten daer ontrent gelegen hoemen die selve custen beseijlen en̄ alle periculen bequamelick schouwen mach Vraij pourtraict des Costes marines de Bretaigne et Poictou situez entre les Seemses et l'fsle de Re ensemble toutes les isles bancs
the threshold of the chanel but presently after it will be three fathome againe then you must hold crosse off from the land untill you get deepe water that is 4 or 5 fathome and being there runne up to Royan as aforesaid Now when you are within the haven and come against the point of Messie which is the point whereon the milles stand then goe over to the broken castle called Castilion s e. by s which is 8 leagues from Missie then you must goe along by the south-land southeast into Pouliack Pouliack which is almost 3 leagues In the chanel betweene Monages the point of Missie with the milles it is 10 11 and 12 fathome deepe but against the south-chanel it is 20 fathome deepe but out of the chanel whether it be upon the north or south-side it is dryer as 5 6 7 and 8 fathome you must runne along close by the point of Messie there also it is 22 fathome deepe and by the point of Monasges it is also 20 fathome deepe Now when Royan commeth on the west-point whereon the milles stand keepe it so standing and goe s e. and by s to Chastillion Chastilion in this reach it is most five fathome deepe but going nearer to the north or south-side it is dryer and on the north-side it is full of sand where you may also sayle through if you knowe it From Chastilion to Pouliack it is south-east almost 3 leagues as aforesaid and there it is 4 5 6 and 7 fathome deepe Against Pouliack in the middle of the River there lyeth an Iland which you goe eastward about streight up to Bley and there you must goe over with the tyde for at a lowe water it is but a fathome deepe before Bleye it is 3 or 4 fathome deepe againe and you runne out by the north-land at 3 4 and 5 fathome and when you come before the river which reacheth up northwards then sayle first on upon the middle of the Iland so along by it untill yâ—u are against or past the gallowes which standeth upon the east-point of the River then along againe by the north-side to the four houses then you must put over to the high steeple of Dubelot Dubelot or Duvecot and when you are on the south-land by the steeple of Dubelot then you must presently crosse over againe eastward about to the west-point of the bocht then goe along by the east-land againe to Larmond then you must crosse over againe to the houses of Chartroysen and so along by the south-land to the towne of Burdeaux before Burdeaux it is 4 or 5 fathome deepe in the crooking it is 5 6 and 7 fathome To conclude in sayling up the River there are many depths and it is full of Sands so that you must often crosse over from one land to the other as I have said before When you will sayle out of the River of Burdeaux then you must staye at Royan for good wether and a fore-ebbe therewith goe out and when you goe out keepe the north-downes northeast and by north from you so long untill that the steeple of Cordam be east-southeast from you then you may sayle w. n. w. through the Asses into the Sea The North-Esels or Asses may well be sounded at sixe or seven fathome that chanel is wide and broad and 12 or 13 fathome deepe III. To sayle into the chanels of Occason Bayona and S. Iohn de Luz FRom Cordam to Accason it is south and by north distant 20 leagues betweene them both there lyeth a tyde-haven called Anchises Anchises which may be entered by a great shippe at high water for it is a deepe tyde-haven The coast from the river of Burdeaux or from Cordam to Accason is flatte and it is there all downie land to S. Iohn de Luz Right before the haven of Occason Accason there lye three Ilands which you may sayle in by on the north or south-side The north-chanel North-chanel reacheth in southeast there stand two high steeples upon the south-land which you must hold two mastes length distant from each other and sayle so upon them untill you are in Right within the south-point lyeth a rowe of rockes under the water which you must shunne and within about the middle of the haven there lyeth a rowe of blinde rockes but when you keepe the steeples standing so then you ruÌ„ne through betweene the rockes at four fathome and on the south-side you may anckor at four fathome lowe water The south-chanel South-chanel runneth in betweene the south-point and the southerlyest Iland and eastward from the village of Accason there standeth a black hillock upon the land when that is n. n. e. from you then goe right in upon it when you come betweene the innermost and the north-point of the haven there lye many blinde rockes on both sides under the water but goe right upon the black hillock northeast and northeast and by north before the village or small towne and there anckor at 8 9 and 10 fathome in the north-chanel also you have 9 or 10 fathome water betweene the north and south-point of the haven it is 5 fathome deepe and within it is 12 fathome deepe From Accason to Bayona Bayona it is south and north 17 leagues betweene them both lyeth Cabriton Cabriton before which in former tyme there was woont to be a through-fare for the shippes that would sayle into Bayona through a chanel of 7 leagues long The chanel or haven of Bayona runneth in betwene two sleight strandes e. s e. and e. and by s There lyeth a Baerse before the haven and upon the land there stand two trees or mastes keepe them one upon another so runne into the haven there is at a high water a spring streame full three fathome at daylie tydes two fathome and an half but at lowe water but three foot water when you come about the point you turne up southward and anckor before the towne at 5 fathome within on the north-side it is pyled to keepe the chanel deepe and it is Pilots water FroÌ„ the haven of Bayona to S. Iohn de Luz the course south and by west 4 leagues S. Iohn de Luz S. Iohn de Luz is a tyde-haven as if it were a peere you must goe in there at high water the towne lyeth on the right hand when it is a spring-tyde the haven is so drie that you may goe driefoot over it but it is a baye wherein men lye IIII. The situation betweene S. Iohn de Luz and Cabo de Massichaco THree leagues southwest and s w. by w. from S. Iohn de Luz lye the rockes called the Pingnons of S. Anne Pingnons of S. Anne which lye close by the land A league westward from them lyeth the Creeke of Fonteravia it is a faire baye where upon the head there standeth a castle and southward from it a church Upon the west-side of this Baye lyeth
great Cape lying east from S. Andero and there is faire ground From Cape de Kesgo to the west-point of S. Andero it is w. by s five leagues and right southward from the point of S. Andero upoÌ„ the east-point of Sardinis is a sandie Baye where it is good anckoring at 10 fathome From Cape de Kesgo to the haven of S. Andero the course is w. s.w distant 3 leagues S. Andero S. Andero lyeth in a creeke and there lyeth an Iland before the haven you may goe about it on both sides it is 8 and 9 fathome deepe but southward about the Iland it is 5 6 and 7 fathome deepe after you come neare to the strand The chanel first reacheth w. n. w. the Iland lyeth a great league within the creeke it is from the east-point of the haven to the west-point of the land about south and north a great league S. Anthonie and the west-point of S. Andero lye east west from each other about 5 leagues How to know the land about Laredo To knowe the land when you fall about Laredo then knowe that on the west-side of the haven of Laredo S. Anthonies Hill lyeth which is a verie high hill which you see verie farre both from east and west and right above the towne of Laredo you see also a sharp hill as if it were the point of a diamant or the point of a two-handed sword and further about Laredo it is verie high double land two three at some places four double S. Andero hath no speciall or knowne hilles but when you are before the haven then eastward you may see the towne and the castle standing upon a high hill as if it were a suger-lofe or a hay-cock eastward there is much double land two or three heigth double But when you are about Cape de Kesgo then presently you see the castle upon the west-land The land eastward of Laredo being south from you sheweth thus with a sharp hill Thus S. Anthonies hill sheweth it self lying on the west-side of Laredo Thus S. Anthonies hill sheweth it self when you are south-southeast from it III. How all the Havens and Rodes betweene S. Andero and Cape de Pinas should be sayled FRom S. Andero to Cape de Pinas the course is west or a litle northerlyer 37 or 38 leagues betweene the which these Havens following do lye First the haven of S. Marten S. Marten or Settevilles Settevilles lying east west 4 leagues from S. Andero it is a tyde-haven From thence to S. Vincents S. Vincent also a tyde-haven is 5 leagues the chanel goeth in on the east-side on the west-side there commeth a sand shooting off and in the middle of the chanel lyeth an Iland which you may goe about on both sides From S. Vincents to Lhanes Lhanes the course is west three leagues this is a tyde-haven upon the west-side of the haven there standeth a church right within the haven a middle-flatte or sand but you must goe about on the west-side these are all unknowne narrowe havens he that hath occasion may use them From Lhanes to Rio de Selia Rio de Selia the course is west five or sixe leagues he that will goe in there must have regarde to a mast which standeth upon the east land you must goe in close by it for the west-side is foule within you must anckor within the mast before the village it is also a tyde-haven From Rio de Sâ—ila westwards nine leagues is Villa Viciosa V lla Vicâ—â—â—a this also is a tyde-haven but faire the chanel runneth in southeast and southeast and by east close upon the west-point of the land for the east-point is foule to the middle of the haven there lyeth a flatte right in the middle of the haven which at lowe water is drie therefore as you goe in you must turne up westward againe on the west-side lyeth the Plecke you may sayle to it and anckor upon flatte water Seven leagues west-ward from Villa Viciosa lyeth the out-point of Sanson Sanson eastward there lyeth a litle Iland whereon there standeth a steeple betweene Sanson and the said Iland it is good rode at 7 and 8 fathome On the west-side of Sanson is also good rode right before the litle haven of Sanson at sixe and seven fathome West from Sanson lyeth Gyon Gyon having a peere or pyled-head under the which the Fisshermen that dwell there laye their barkes A league and an half west from Gyon lyeth the Creeke of Tores Tores a good Rode for a southwest and west winde at 8 and 9 fathome upon the point reaching out standeth a high steeple Three leagues westward of Tores lyeth Cape de Pinas Cape de Pinas from whence manie rockes lye off to Seaward good half a league at least it is sayd by some that a man may sayle through betweene the point and those rockes Thus the land of Biscaya sheweth it self betweene Laredo and Rio de Sella as you sayle along by it Laredo Lhanes Rio de Sella Thus the land sheweth it self from Rio de Sella to Cape de Pinas as you sayle along by the same Rio de Sella Villa Viciosa IIII. What Moone maketh high water upon these Coasts AT all places and before all the havens of this coast a southwest and northeast moone maketh a high water but within the havens about a point later as they reach deeper into the land as upon the coasts of Britaigne Poictou Gâ—â—coigne Heere also they reckon no falling of streames But the streames fall crosse to and fro V. How these Countries are distant one from the other and from other Countries also HOw these Countries reach and are distant from each other it is alreadie shewed in the description From Cape de Massichaca to Accason northeast and somewhat easterlyer 28 leagues From Cape de Massichaca to Heys north and somewhat eâ—sterlyer 60 leagues From S. Andero to the Seims n. n. w. 96 leagues From Cape de Pinas to the steeple of Cordam east-northeast and northeast and by east 72 leagues From Cape de Pinas to Porthus or S. Martens Iland northeast and somewhat easterlyer 80 leagues From Cape de Pinas to Bel-Isle n. n. e. 80 leagues From Cape de Pinas to the Seims north 88 leagues From Cape de Pinas to Cabo de Veilli in Ireland north and by west and somewhat westerlyer 171 leagues From Cape de Pinas to Ortegal w. by n. 29 leagues VI. Vnder what degrees these Countries lye CApe Massichaca lyeth under 43 degr 46 or 48 minutes Cape de Pinas lyeth under 43 degrees 54 or 56 minutes The whole coast of Biscaya betweene Cape de Pinas Cape de Massichaca lyeth about 43 degrees and 43 44 or 45 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 8. CHAPTER VIII A TRVE DESCRIPTION of the Sea-coasts of Gallicia from Cabo de Pinas to Cabo de Finisterre I. To sayle from
beakons then turne aâ—aine northwest and northnorthwest till you be close by the north-land then runne close by it and so you leave all the shallowes on your right hand untill you see the River open then you see a house upon the strand on the west-side then goe from thence up into the River east and by south and eastsoutheast in the middle of the chanel betweene both landes till you be before the Salt-pannes or Avero where you may lade your shippe full of salt when you goe upon the mastes or beakons out of the Sea then you see a drie Sand by the which you must quickly winde about and sayle in by the west-land as I said before This chanel is two fathome deepe with dayly tydes but within you have 4 or 5 fathome deepe From Avero to Cape de Montego Cape de Montego it is south-southwest 7 leagues A league southward from Cape de Montego lyeth Pissago Pissago a Tyde-haven in it you finde two fathome water with a continual tyde at half flood Half a league westward into the Sea from this haven lyeth a banck of sixe fathome deepe which you may anckor under at 12 or 13 fathome it is at least a great league long and it is best to come in about under this banck Comming off from Cape de Montego you may also anckor under this banck at 7 fathome From Cape de Montego to Pineche Pineche or Nova Lisbona the course is s w and by s 11 leagues From Cape de Montego to the Barlis it is s w 12 or 13 leagues The point behinde the Barlis or Barlinges is also called Cape del Fisiron there lyeth a rock off from the point there southward there is a great creeke where the castle or towne lyeth there you may runne behinde with barkes and lye safe the towne is called Atogie it lyeth against the high hilles VI. To knowe the places of this Coast THe Coast of Portugal about Viana is wel to be knowne by meanes of the aforesaid hill of Rego because it is so extreame high and lyeth upon the water side and the high land of Viana lyeth twise or thrise double behinde it Betweene Viana Villa del Conde and Port a port you may see manie steeples and houses upon the Land and you see Villa del Conde lye as if it were a great towne You may knowe the River of Port a port by the rockes called Lesons which are verie high and lye right north from the River But about Avero it is altogether sandie strand and inward to the land there lyeth a black hillock within the land Cape Montego is a high point there against it in the land it is high hilles This Cape is sometimes taken for Roxant but that is wel to be knowne from the other because of the Barlis which lyeth betweene both Thus the coast of Portugal sheweth it self from Bayona to Cape de Montego when you sayle about four leagues from it S. Rego That which standeth heereunder belongeth to that that standeth above where the crosses stand ☞ Cap de Montego When that black hillock whereby the hand is standeth e. s e. from you then you are right against or before the River of Avero VII What Moone maketh high water heere VPon all these coasts of Portugal a northeast and southwest moone maketh a high water but within the havens a point later as I have said before you neede not reckon any falling of streames heere for the flood there goeth crosse towards the land and off againe VIII How these Countries lye one from the other FRom Cape de Finisterre to Mores or Monte Lauro the course is southeast 5 leagues From Rio Roxo to Ponte Vedra s s e. 5 leagues From Ponte Vedra or Blidones to the Ilands of Bayone south-southeast 5 leagues From Bayona to Camina south by east 4 leagues From Camina to Viana southsoutheast 7 leagues From Viana to Villa de Conde south by east 7 leagues From Villa de Conde to Port a port s by e. 5 leagues From Port a port to Avero south 11 leagues From Avero to Cap Montego southsouthwest 7 leagues From Cape de Montego to Pineche or Cape de Fisiron southwest by south 11 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the Ilands of Bayona southeast and by south 19 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Port a port s s e. 44 leagues From C. de Finisterre to Avero s by e. s s.e 54 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Barrels south 67 leagues From Bayona to Barrels 49 leagues From Port a port to Barrels s s w. and s w by s 29 leagues From Avero to Barrels southwest 20 leagues IX How these Countries lye from other Countries FRom Cape de Finisterre to great Canaria southsouthwest and somewhat southerlyer 307 leagues From Cape Finisterre to the Salvages s s.w 273 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the I le of Madera southwest and by south and somewhat southerlyer 246 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the I le of S. Michael westsouthwest 247 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the Iles of Tercera w. s w. and w. and by s 280 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the southwest point of Ireland n. and by west and north 174 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Cape de Claro south 174 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Waterford or the southeast point of Ireland north and by east 184 or 186 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Start-point n. n. e. 153 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the Seims n. e. by n. and somewhat northerlyer 112 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Belisle southwest 122 leagues X. Vnder what degrees these Countries lye CApe de Finisterre lyeth under 43 degrees Bayona lyeth under 42 degrees 10 minutes or as some say 42 degrees Port a port lyeth under 41 degrees Avero lyeth under 40 degrees 26 minutes Cape de Montego lyeth under 40 degrees 8 minutes The Barlinges lye under 39 degrees 40 minutes The other places lying on these coasts you may take the heigth thereof in the Carde with the compasses Heere followeth the Carde N. 10. CHAPTER X. THE DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Portugal and Algarve which lye betweene the Barlinges and Cabo de S. Vincent I. How you shall sayle the River of Lisbon FRom Barlinges to Roxent the course is south and by east and southsoutheast distant 16 leagues Behinde the Barlinges or Barlis there is a good Rode and anckor ground Rode behinde the Barils against the Hermites house where you may anckor at 10 fathome under the great Iland as it standeth marked in the Carde you may goe south and north on both sides thereof behinde them as you will for there it is faire Behinde the Barlis lyeth Cape de Fisiron and right south froÌ„ thence lyeth a high round hill which our saylers name Yonge Rocxent Yonge Rocxent From Cape de Fisiron to Rocxent it is south
schouweâ— heeft Pourtraicture des dâ—â—c principaux Havres de la coste occidentale d'frâ—â—de Lemrick et Galwaij monstrant ce qu'on â—a eviter en les entrant et issâ—â—t CHAPTER XIIII A TRVE DESCRIPTION teaching how you may sayle the Sea-coasts and Havens of the VVest South and East-side of Ireland I. How to sayle to the Havens of Gallowaye and Lemrick and the Ilands thereaboutes TThe Iland Blackrock Blackrock and Cape Dorsey lye distant s by w. somewhat southerlyer and n. by e. and somewhat northerlyer 53 leagues betweene them both lye the Havens of Galloway and Lemrick If you will sayle into Gallowaye Galloway you must ruÌ„ne in through betweene the Ilands or along by the firme land northeast to the point Galor then you must yet goe in n. e. to the other point and then forward three leagues more s by e. till you be before the towne of Galloway where you may anckor at 6 or 7 fathome it is there all ouer good anckor ground a great depth and faire Creekes You may also anckor well without behinde the Ilands at 12 fathome there also it is good anckor ground in everie place From the Ilands before Galloway to the Iland of Aromen Aromen it is about sixe leagues behinde the Iland of Aromen it is also a good Rode the Iland Calos Calos lyeth about a league southward from Aromen and behinde it also there is a Rode From Aromen to the haven of Lemrick Lemrick it is about 5 leagues southwards before the mouth of the said haven there lye two rockes the one south by the haven and is called Cockuyt the other north by the haven and is called Boye you must sayle in by Cockuyt and runne east and east by north a league till you be about the point Blaway and from Blaway to the castle Lamor e. s e. 4 leagues and from the castle Lamor to Griel south seven leagues from Griel to Lemrick s by w. 4 leagues there you may anckor before the towne at 6 or 7 fathome you may also anckor before Blaway and there take in a Pilot and he will bring you before the towne Further it is from the Ilands before Galloway to Blasquay Bâ—asqâ—â—y southsouthwest 18 leagues From Blasquay to Dorsey Doâ—â—â—y southeast 2â— leagues From Dorsey to Cabo de Claro e. and by s 13 leagues II. What Havens and Places lye betweene Cabo de Claro and Cape Velho YOu may knowe Cape de Claro Cape de Claro by reason it is all broken land when you come somewhat better east about and are by the land you shall see a high point reaching out which reacheth farre without the other land into the Sea the south-ende whereof is verie much shoring downe and on the highest part thereof there standeth a castle with three towres which is decayed the middle towre is yet the highest it lyeth 12 leagues eastward from Cape de Claro right north from this out-point by our saylers called Cape de Velho Cape Velho or Oldhead by the Englishmen Oldhead lyeth the haven of Kinsale a faire haven deepe broad comming from the east or the west along by the land this point seemeth to be an Iland because on the west-side it is lowe but it is fast to the firme land by a small peece of land and there you may anckor under it on both sides as drie as you wil. From Cape de Claro to the aforesaid Cape de Velho or Oldhead the course is east and by north 12 leagues To goe into the Ilands of C. de Claro To runne into the Ilands of Cap de Claro you must understand that there lyeth a towne westward upon the high land you must there goe east to land and so goe in eastnortheast leaving the lowe Iland to landwards and the uttermost Iland of Cape de Claro to seawards and so running in to the second Iland whereon the closter of Claro standeth there on the west-ende there is a sandie baye where you may anckor at eight or nine fathome There goeth also a chanel into the Sea close aloÌ„g by the west Iland which is 12 fathome deepe on the east-side of the chanel there lyeth a rock above the water which you must shunne and in sayling out you leave it on the east-side and right within the rock you may anckor If you will sayle further into this haven of Cape de Claro you must runne through betweene the Ilands to Baldermore Baldermore and shunne somewhat the Iland of Cape de Claro for from it there runne manie blinde rockes therefore you must sayle to the other Iland But when you are half waie by the I le of Cape de Claro then you must make to the narrowe waie to goe through it it is therefore the most part all about three fathome deepe but in the narrowe waie it is drie at lowe water therefore you must goe over there with the tyde there you may anckor on what side you will whether it be under the closter at Claro or on Baldermore-side which is the east-side where it is 5 and 6 fathome deepe The haven of Baldermore goeth in north and in it it is 11 or 12 fathome deepe at lowe water on the east-point of Baldermore there lye two high steepe rockes as if they were steeples the one somewhat higher then the other there eastward there goeth in a haven which is called Castle-haven And a league eastward from it the Haven of Somrack Somrack which is 8 or 9 fathome deepe before the haven there lyeth a great rock which you may runne in by on both sides but the east-side is best for the west-side is somewhat foule To sayle in by this rock it is distant at lâ—ast the length of the shotte of a great peece of Ordnance you shall there finde a towre standing and against it you may anckor at lowest water it is there good lying in the middle there lye two blinde rockes which at half ebbe are above water and betweene these two rockes there lyeth a rock above the water therefore you must runne in close by the land leaving the rockes on backborde the haven is not above eight shippes long in length you may sayle through under these Ilands of Cape de Claro in manie places and anckor for it is all broken land as if it were Norwaie East from Somracke and about 4 leagues west from the out-point of Kinsale lyeth Rossen Rossen a tyde-haven which at a lowe water falleth drie you may see the church with the towres in the valley westsouthwest from the point there lyeth a stone under the water There lyeth an Iland betweene Rossen and Kinsale or Cape de Velho also in the creeke which is called Roem which you may sayle round about also anckor behinde it Three leagues eastward froÌ„ this Iland Roem lyeth Cape de Velho or Oldhead Thus the point of Rossen sheweth when
the hill beginneth to come upon the west-land you must turne or els you shall presently be on ground when you be turned then crosse no further eastward then that the foresaid rock cōmeth upon the east-downe which is a high graye sharp downe lying upon the east-side if you hold these markes so then you have water ynough at half flood Where it is shallowest at lowe water there is in the chanel 10 or 11 foot water yet it floweth but five foot up and downe A southeast and northwest moone maketh high water there but it floweth twise in a tyde for a south and by east moone maketh there also full Sea and that commeth by reason of the fore-ebbe which falleth out of Wight When you are within the chanel then goe on northeast and keepe the beakons which stand on the east-land on starreborde and goe up reasonable close The shores on both sides are verie steepe and the chanel is not wide but without the deepe or chanel it is verie flatte It is Pilots water When you be by Portland then S. Andrewes land thus when you sayle along by it Portland II. To sayle into the Havens of the I le of Wight FRom Portland to the west-ende of the I le of Wight it is 11 leagues e. n. e. but to Wolfertshorne it is 13 leagues east and by north and west and by south To sayle into the west-ende of the I le of Wight To sayle into the west-ende of the I le of Wight you must sayle right upon the Needle of the I le of Wight rūning in close along by the Needle within a cables length thereof because of the sands which lye of from the Cingle before the west-ende of the I le of Wight whereby the chanel or haven is not al to wide and when you are within the Needle you must turne over to the castle which standeth upon the Cingle because there lye some rockes upon the Iland under the water it is betweene the Needle and the banck five fathome deepe with lowe water Markes of the haven of the Needle The markes to sayle right into the Haven of the Needle are these when you hold the inner point of the Iland without the Needle or the castle which standeth upon the Cingle without the Needle and so runne till you be within the banckes being there within you must put of somewhat to the Cingle and when you are within the Cingle then leave two third-parts of the water on the left hand and so sayle before the village of Newton and there anckor at 9 or 10 fathome But if you will sayle further to Calveroot you must sayle so long untill South-hampton commeth without the point there is the best Rode and the best lying in all the Havens of the I le of Wight at 10 or 12 fathome To sayle into the east-ende of the I le of Wight To sayle into the east-ende of the I le of Wight then you must sette the easterly castle over the Lime-kil which is a white place in the land lying beneath the castle which you hold standing so untill the Swan-cliffe commeth within or under the point of the I le of Wight then you must bring the Lime-kill over against the east-ende of Porchmouth which you must hold in that sort until the castle that standeth west from Porchmouth commeth upon the wood These markes standing thus you shall sayle neither by flattes nor sands and you come sometymes about S. Helens church and when the castle of the I le of Wight cōmeth without the Swan-cliffe and S. Ellens church two shippes length within the redde-point then you sayle not by the sand And if it fall out that you cannot see the Lime-kill Markes not to sayle by the Sand. then you must hold the castle west from the Swan-cliffe untill S. Ellens church commeth a ships length without the point of the Iland then you may freely goe northwest without sayling by the sand then you must sette the four-square steeple betweene the east-ende of Porchmouth and the castle but when the castle on the west-side of Porchmouth cōmeth upon the east-side of the wood then you sayle neither by flattes nor sands as I said before When the easterly white place is a shippes length westward from the wood which standeth west from the castle Other markes then you are east from the sand And when the Swan-cliffe is within the point then also you are within the cliffe The markes of the Flat are these there standeth a four-square steeple in the land Markes of the Flat and a castle upon the water eastward from Porchmouth against the castle there standeth a white place called the Lime-kill as I said before when that is east from the said castle so that you may see just betweene them then you are upon the Flatte which at lowe water is 10 foot deepe and then the castle west from Porchmouth standeth on the west-side of the wood But when the four-square steeple on the west-side commeth to the foot of the castle then the castle west from Porchmouth standeth on the west-side of the wood and there at lowe water it is 12 foot deepe upon the Fatte And when the four-square steeple standeth betweene the east-ende of Porchmouth and the castle right betweene the lime-kill and the steeple and the castle west frō Porchmouth at the west-ende of the wood there it is 11 fathome deepe at high water And when the lime-kill standeth against the towre of Porchmouth and the castle on the west-ende of the wood then you have 10 fathome deepe at high water When S. Ellens church lyeth southwest by west from you then the southeast-ende of the Flat lyeth northeast by north from you and the west-ende north by east Thus the Iland of Wight sheweth when you sayle along by it being three or four leagues of from it III. To sayle from the I le of Wight to Bevesier FRom Wight to the east-ende of Wembridge at twelve fathome the course is eastnortheast 6 or 7 leagues Wembridge and from Wembridge to Bevesier east and by north and somewhat easterlyer 13 leagues You may sound Wembridge at 12 fathome crosse over in the land there standeth a steeple against Wembridge when that is northnorthwest from you then you are against Wembridge and when Swan-cliffe is w. by n. and w. n. w. from you thē you are without Wembridge if you be acquainted with the place you may sayle through betweene the land Wembride Betweene Wembridge and Porchmouth there runneth in a great Haven whereon there lyeth a towne called Chychester which by some is placed upon the River of New-haven which is otherwise Arundel From Wembridge to Arundel it is eastnortheast 5 leagues This is a deepe Tyde-haven where at half flood a great shippe may well goe in you goe along by the west-land northeast and in the mouth of the haven you have 2 fathome betweene both the lands 3 and within the
lowe water From the uttermost tonne to the second tonne it is s e. it lyeth at 4 fathome on the south side as you sayle in you must leave it on starreborde and goe with a flood at the least e. n. e. to the third tonne which lâ—eth upon the point of the sand at 3 fathome but betweene this tonne and the second the chanel is dryest that is two fathome and an half at lowe water and that right without the third tonne the south side is faire and flatte and you may sound it but the north side is all shoring you must also look well to your streames for the flood falleth strongly southward crosse the lands and the ebbe contrarie When you are past the third tonne the course to the beakon upon the high Sand is south there it is deepe 7 8 and 9 fathome From the beakon upon the High sand sayle forth s s e. s e. and east all along by the beakons along till you be before Oostmerhorne and there anckor on the south side it is all steepe and deepe and verie white but the north side is somewhat flat Northeast chanâ—l West from the Horsmarket there goeth another chanel in where at lowe water you shall have but 8 foot deepe first it reacheth w. s w. and sometimes somewhat southerlyer but keepe along by the Horsmarket The Horsmarket specially with a south winde so you shall goe to the third tonne at the northwest chanel which lyeth upon the point of the chanel and so into the deepe leave that tonne on starreborde and goe forward southward to the beakon upon the high sand and there forth as you are taught before VIII Of the Iland the Bosch and how you must sayle into the Lauwers FOur leagues east from Schiermonickooghe lyeth the Iland of Rottum betweene them both lyeth an Iland called the Bosch which not manie yeeres since was wholly overwhelmed and washt awaie with a storme and is now againe by meanes that men have begunne to plant heath upon it growne up againe so that now there lye two or three faire townes upon it Betweene this Iland of the Bosch and the Ooghe the Lauwers goe in The the Iland the Bosch sheweth thus with two hillocks To sayle into the Lauwers ruÌ„ne in east close along by Schiermonickooghe Markes of the Lauwers There stand two towres in Groningherland whereof the smallest or the shortest is the loper or the innermost and is called Liens or Leens the longest or that which standeth nearest to the water is called Hoorhouses set the steeple of Liens a bowe length west from Hoorhouses then it will stand upon the foot strand of Schiermonickooghe keepe them standing so and runne upon the strand of the Ooghe for there you cannot miscarie before in the chanel it is wide and broade and at lowe water no deeper then two fathome and an half but when you are over the drumple then it is 4 5 and 7 fathome deepe and reacheth in s e. by s keepe upon the Ooghe side but beware you sayle not under the Knockbalgh Knockbalgh Symons sand which reacheth through betweene the foot strand of the Oogh and Symons sand yet keeping upon three or two fathome and an half you neede feare nothing for everie yeere it lesseneth much and is almost cleane spoiled but it is best along by the High sand on the east side there also you can gette no hurt Now when you are against Symons sand there both the sides of the land are shoring so that you cannot well sound them with the lead turne then somewhat southward up about Symons sand and anckor there at 7 or 8 fathome there it is good lying You must looke well to your streame for there it falleth strongly both out in IX To sayle into the Schille EAst from the Bosch goeth in the Schille If you will sayle into the Schille then place the two aforesaid steeples of Leens and Hoorhouses one right against the other and so ruÌ„ne upon the Boscher sand until you get drougth of the sand Boscher sand you may sound in al along west from Boscher sand and also east along to Rottum sand About a yeere or a yeere and an half since the chanel was almost 5 fathome deepe but now before in the chanel at lowe water no more then two fathome an half but being over the drumple or threshold it is 10 or 12 fathome deepe first it reacheth in s e. til you come to the drie sand that is the sand of the Bosch go in thereby e. s e. to that IlaÌ„d of the Bosch there you must sayle in close by the land for there it is verie narrowe betweene the Bosch and the Sands which come shooting off from Rottum the Bosch is verie shoring If you will anckor there Rode under Bosch then turne about right behinde the point of the Bosch there it is good lying at 6 or 7 fathome but if you will goe somewhat better in then turne off froÌ„ the Bosch when you are full past it and chuse the north side for that is faire and flat and that you may sound but on the north side there lye manie sands which you may sayle under Sayle forward along by the north side till you be behinde Rottum and there anckor at 8 or 9 fathome Rode behinde Rottum you lye there safe against all windes Whâ—n you will sayle into or out of this chanel looke well to your streame for it falleth strongly into and out of this chanel To knowe the situation of the steeples in Groninghe land you must understand To knowe Leens and Hoorehouse that when the steeple of Leens which is the shortest is a sparre length west from Hoorhouse then there commeth a high house just as much eastward from Hoorehouse as Leens is west from it so that then Hoorehouse steeple standeth just in the middle betweene them thâ—n you are right open before the Lauwers as I said before When those steeples aforesaid are one upon the other then they stand s s e. and somewhat southerlyer from you then you are right against Boscher sand But when Leens church leaveth that house and Hoorehouse steeple then you come against the Sands which shoote off from Rottum to the Bosch A southeast and northwest moone maketh a full Sea in these chanels or havens X. The situation of Rottum and Borcum and how you shall sayle into the West Eems Rottum THe Iland of Rottum is a small Iland almost a league and an half long and is verie easely knowne the west ende is high and steepe the rest is lowe downe land Upon the east ende there stand two capes or beacons the greatest or the loper standeth upon the east ende of the flat strand and the smallest standeth upon the south side of the downes there stand also two houses upon it the one upon the west ende the other in the middle of the land in a lowe ground Borcum is also
an Iland well to be knowne it is three leagues long Borcum commonly when men come out of the Sea it sheweth in three partes as if it were three Ilands but when you come out of the west then it sheweth in four partes for the water runneth through it in three places when it is a high flood The towne of Embden hath placed a high thick towre upon the west ende thereof which you may see farre into the Sea west from the towre there standeth a lowe church From the west ende of Borcum there shooteth off a Sand Borcum sand a great waie into the Sea which is called Borcum sand There southward betweene Borcum and Rottum the west Eems runneth in the best chanel in all these coasts along Thus the Ilands of Rottum Borcum shewe when you sayle along by them about two leagues from the land Borcum Rottum If you wil sayle into West Eems then place the capes or beacons upon Rottum one against the other The utâ—â—â—most toÌ„ne then they wil stand about s e. from you sayle out of the Sea upon them then you shall finde the uttermost tonne lying at 6 fathome lowe water But if you come out of the wâ—st along by the land at 7 fathome then you shal also see the aforsaid toÌ„ne when you are at the first tonne then Borcum steeple will stand e. from you and the west ende of Rottum will be about s e. by s from you To landward from the second tonne there lyeth a Flat called Geltsack flat which reacheth with her foot along to the fourth tonne Geltsacâ— Plate where upon at lowe water is no more then 15 16 or 17 foot From the first tonne to the second third fourth the course is e. The second toÌ„ne lyeth at 5 fathome the third at 4 fathome an half that is upon the driest part of West Eems The fourth tonne lyeth also at 4 fathome and an half upon the point of the said Flat All these tonnes you leave on starborde when you sayle in When you come out of the west and are against the Lauwers or the Bosch sand kepe along by the land at 5 fathome untill you be past it then sayle on freely east then you shal ruÌ„ne through within Geltsack flat at 3 fathome and an half and so come by the fift tonne into the deepe of West Eems but keepe the south side Harling banckes Harling bancks which were woonte to reach out to seaward at the westende of Rottum are cleane gone worne awaie so that now it is wide broad betweâ—ne Rottum the said flatte The Sand of Borcum is without and at the ende verie flatte when the capes or beakons upon Rottum stand southeast from you then you may goe well over the sand right to the fourth tonne you shall there finde no lesse then sixteene foot water upon the foot of the Sand at lowe water for it is flat broad but when you come within the Sand of Borcum on the inner side it is shoring and then there shooteth off a point or foot of Sand which in sayling up you may sayle under you may goe no nearer to it then 7 fathome all along to Borcum The fift tonne lyeth distant from the fourth s e. and by s lyeth in the middle of the chanel at eight fathome But with an ebbe and a southerlie winde you goe s e. on or els you would soone fall upon Borcum Sand or behinde the point of Sand which commeth shooting off from Borcum Sand. From the fift tonne to the sixth seventh and eigth the course is all east and by south The sixth tonne as also the seventh lye in the middle of the chanel at 8 fathome but the eigth lyeth at 5 fathome Huyberts Flat upon the point of Huyberts Flatte which by others is called the Hackes which is a Sand which shooteth off from the south-side you cannot miscarie with your lead on Rottum or on the south side but you may sayle under this sand of Huyberts Flat at 5 fathome lowe water but at 6 fathome you must goe without about it When you are by this tonne upon Huyberts Flatte then Borcum steeple standeth about n. n. e. from you and there against it it is 12 fathome deepe in the chanel Stephen Iohnsons tonne From the toÌ„ne at Huyberts plate to Stephen Iohnsons toÌ„ne the course is southeast That lyeth betweene the Balgh beacon and the Ruyt beacon at seven fathome and an half Betweene these two toÌ„nes the Eems is 10 or 12 fathome deepe But when you goe by the tonne at Huyberts Plate then you must turne somewhat off from Borcum to shunne the Mieuwe sand which commeth shooting off from the Wolden or the south ende of Borcum which when you will goe in you may sayle under at five fathome Westward from Stephen Iohnsons tonne standeth Wadt beakon Wadt beacon where right south Wadt goeth in But on the other side right over against the aforesaid tonne lyeth the Ransel which is a sand that commeth shooting off from the north side which in saylâ—ng up you may sayle under at 5 fathome The markes of this reach The Ransel and to shunne the Ransel are these upon the south ende of Borcum there lye two downes which are called the Wolden The Wolden hold the steeple of Borcum on the west side of these downes or west from them then you sayle not by the Ransel In this reach it is 9 and 8 fathome deepe From Stephen Iohnsons tonne to Docke tonne the course is s e. Betweene these two tonnes there standeth a beakon on the south side called the Ruyt beacon Docke tonne Ruyt beacon by this tonne the Eems is in the chanel about 7 fathome deepe and the tonne lyeth on the south side at 5 fathome upon a sand which in sayling up you may sayle under The flood falleth verie strongly behinde this tonne into Docke chanel which you must be verie carefull of Docke chanel The markes of Docke toÌ„ne are these when the closter of Dam which is a flatte church commeth west from Old closter so that you may see just betweene them then you have the length of this tonne and then these markes are about south from you From Docke tonne to the last tonne it is e. s e. when you are past it then you shall see the beacons on the west side sayle all about by them The reach from Eems horne to Delfes Ile reacheth all southerly up to Wadem The markes of Eemshorne are these there standeth a mill in Embden land Markes of Eemshorn about east and by north from you and there standeth a high house north from the church when that mill standeth betweene the house and the church then you have the length of Eemshorne and there stande three or four beakons about Eemshorne which leade you to Groning land When you come to Docke tonne and are past it then you may sound all the west side
at the Hound leaving the said beacon on baghborde When you come within Buysen there it is twice or thrice crooked and there standeth a beacon upon the north ende of Hudemer sand leave it on starborde and then goe up eastward till you be about the Sand which shooteth off from Hudemersand there you shal finde a beacon which you must sayle up unto and leave it on baghborde and goe s w. then you shall finde another beacon upō the east side of the flat streame standing upon Roomaerder sand saile out by the same leaving it on the left hand and then you shall come out at the old Elve II. To sayle up into the Eyder RIght north from Blauweoort the Eyder goeth in and lyeth distant from Holie land east by north and when with that course you fall upon the land then you shall see a sharpe steeple upon Eyder towne called Gartinghen Gartinghen which is an indifferent long steeple you must bring it on the south side of the downes which are called the South heads South heads and then they stand from you n. e. by n. or somewhat easterlyer with these markes you must sayle over Blauoort so long untill you finde deepe water as 5 or 6 fathome soft ground then you shall see a sharpe steeple stand in Ditmarse called Weselborne bring that east or somewhat southerlyer from you goe in e. by s and sometimes somewhat easterlyer till the Buys be s e. and by s from you and that the beacon at the Hound standeth s s w. from you then Ees will come a ships length north from Tatinghen which is the southerlyest of the two flatte churches standing upon Eyderland then goe up northnortheast for then you are within the Newe grounds then there commeth a Sand on the starreborde side shooting off from Ditmarse which is called Hecke sand Hecke sand when you are past this Hecke sand the Newe grounds then you come against the greene land of Coebergh or Cow-hill A litle waie within Koebergh there commeth a Sand shooting off from Eyder side which you may sayle under as you goe along by the Eyder side so that you must runne into a Dead chanel where you must come backward out againe Behinde or in it there lyeth a small village of seven or eight houses called Ulckhorne Vlckehorne there men lade oxen and there the oxen come to be bought When you come about Heckesand or against Koebergh or Cowe-hill then the Eyder reacheth from the aforesaid Sand which commeth shooting off from Eyderstede east by south When you are past that Sand then the Eyder reacheth eastnortheast and northeast and by east to Tonninghen Tonninghen There also they lade oxen Or to get into the Eyder otherwise To goe another waie into the Eyder when as I said before you come from Holie land then bring Gartinghen before the downes and rūne by the south side at 3 fathome keepe the steeple standing so and sound about by the south side till you gett deeper water and bring the sharpe steeple in Ditmarse aforesaid east or somewhat southerlyer from you hold that standing so till you be within But if you will goe up the Eyder then chuse the north side when you come in because of the Pip for without the Pip and the Eyder is all one chanel and the sand of the Hound whereon the beacon standeth shooteth there betweene them both a great waie into the Sea as I said before and you may sayle over the sand into the north Pip a litle westward frō the beacon at the Hound Beacon at the Hond therefore you must there runne over the sand in time if you will goe into the Eyder otherwise you may sayle under the north side inward from without But from the north you cānot well get to the Eyder because of the points which rūne off from the grounds But there looke well to your streames for without the Grounds the streames fall in most part southeast and northwest out and a south and north moone maketh a high water there The Eyder is 6 or 7 fathome deepe soft ground And when you will goe out of the Eyder into the Pip To goe out of the Eyder into the Pip. then you must goe out so farre untill Tatinger church come upon the east ende of Ees there you may goe over the Hond sand you shall not there have lesse then two fathome and an half at high water The Land chanel of the Eyder The Land chanel or the Northchanel of Eyder for the most part reacheth in e. by n. right up upon Koebergh you must get to that from the north to sayle in north from the Newe grounds they lye upon the south side of this chanel and then you come against the Koebergh againe into Eyder streame About two leagues north from Koebergh or from the said Land chanel there lyeth another chanel or balgh which you may sayle up into there stand two beacons in it and it reacheth in most east by north to the south downes of Ees then you may goe along by the land till you be behinde the Iland Utto You may also in that chanel runne along by the south downes of Ees to Koebergh and so come againe into the Land chanel of Eyder but it is verie crooked You may not use this unles you be driven to it these are bad chanels because they are flatte so farre out therefore it is not well to be done unlesse a man be forced to search these chanels of necessitie Thus the land of Eyder sheweth Ees Gartinghen North head Tatinghen South head III. How to sayle up the Hever TO sayle from the Newe worke or from Schor tonne to the Hever you must understand that the course is north and south distant 11 leagues but alwaies looke well to your streames for as I said the fore flood falleth verie stif crosse over the grounds into the land the ebbe contrarie but when you are half waie then you meete with Blawoort sand whereof I spake before at the depth of two or three fathome But to sayle from Holie land to the Hever then goe on n. e. and somewhat easterlyer according as the winde and streame suffer and runne upon the Grounds at 6 or 7 fathome then you shall finde an indifferent high steeple which on the toppe is sharpe it is called Pielworme Pielworme set this steeple northeast and by north from you and a mast length south from the southerlyest Cowehouse which standeth upon the Iland of Nubal Nubal keepe the steeple standing so and sayle up to it then you shall finde the uttermost tonne then goe from the first tonne to the second tonne northeast and northeast and by east and comming to it then Pielworme steeple will stand n. n. e. from you Frō thence the course inward is n. e. by e. and when you come a good waie in thē you finde two beacons standing
out of the south Markes to reach the chanel then runne so long about the north at 6 or 7 fathome untill you see a small Iland within the land without the point whereon you shall then see a howse standing which is called Iurtmans house when you have that house a masts length without the point of the List then goe in e. by s and e. s e. and keepe these markes standing so until you are within the point of List then turne up about the point southward and anckor before the Voochts house there it is 9 or 10 fathome deepe Without in the chanel there lyeth a Flat or Sand called Haef sand that you leave on baghborde when you come in without it is verie flat and you may sound it when you come out of the north Markes to avoide Haef sand To shūne it when you come north ward you must turne or put of so far from the land till the redde cliffe cōmeth without the downes or that you see it full for then you may well goe over Haefsand with ships that goe not verie deepe And also when you come out of the haven of List and will goe north about then sayle so farre out that you may see the cliffe then you may also goe over the said Sand. This Sand reacheth off from the south ende of Rem a good waie into the Sea On the south side of the haven of List there lyeth another Sand or Banck along by the land not verie farre without the strand named Rust or Rusting Rust or Rusting To sayle into the chanel of List comming from the south you must in tyme sayle upon the land of List about the redde Cliffe because of the Rust which commeth shooting off from the north ende of List along by the strand and when you are by the land and come a good waie within the redde Cliffe then there commeth a Flatte shooting off from the land which you must shunne somewhat but you may sound it verie well and keepe all the foot strand and you can not faile therein Rust is a small banck The situation of Rust sand which shooteth along by the strand and beginneth against the innermost point of List and reacheth till it commeth about the redde Cliffe From the inner point of List also shooteth off a Sand which you must also take heede of Now when you come within the innermost point of List and are before it then you may anckor where you thinke good But if you will goe to Lutke Tunderen To sayle to Lutke Tunderen then leave the Sand which lyeth south from Iure sand on starborde rūne through betweene them both but if you will goe to Hoesem or to Silt over the Wadt To sayle over Wadt to Hoesem then leave that Sand on baghborde and upon Voorn there stand two or three trees which you must keepe against the westerlyest church or steeple and so you must goe to Voorn Betweene Haef-sand or Haes-sand and the Iland of Rim there goeth another chanel in The Land deepe of List of about a fathome and an half water The I le of Rim is about 3 leagues long without it is verie flat so that you can hardly see the land at sixe or seven fathome About eight or nine leagues without the Iland of Silt there lyeth a Banck along by the land of eight or nine fathome deepe it is about two leagues long and neare as long as the Iland betweene this Banck and the Iland it is thirteene fathome deepe but when you are at nine fathome without the Iland of Silt then Holie land lyeth about south from you Thus the Iland of Silt sheweth when you sayle along by it List The redde Cliffe Heydom Foretrap VII To sayle into Knuyts or Ryper Chanel FRom the Haven of List to Knuyts or Ryper chanel the course is north south about 7 leagues but Ryper deepe and Holie land lye distant north and somewhat southerly and south and somewhat easterly To sayle into Knuyts or Ryper chanel when you come out of the south then runne by the flat of Rim and Manu about to the south ende of Phanu called South head or South point then you shall see two capes or beacons upon a drie sand stand a litle southward from South head bring these beacons a litle before each other that is the innermost or longest a litle or a hand spake length north frō the shortest or uttermost then they wil stand east or somewhat northerly from you let them stand so and there you shall finde the uttermost tonne which lyeth at four fathome on the north land which you must leave on baghborde goe to the second tōne e. and by s and when you are by the first tonne then you may see the second yet they lye a great waie one from the other you must leave the second tonne also on baghborde keepe along by the south land till you be past the beacons for there shooteth off a Flat from the uttermost beacon to the second tōne which you must shunne somewhat When you are past the beacons then loose because of the Sand whereon the beacons stand and there anckor where you will for there it is deepe and shoring or steepe there you can doe no harme The Ryper shippes which come out lye there staying for a winde In this chanel it is 20 foot water at half flood but at a high water it is not the best chanel for it is narrowe and flat a great waie without and then when you have gotten that then you may see both the sides of the land ravle when the winde bloweth somewhat hard But when you come out of the north then you must rūne upon the south ende of Phanu untill you see the beacons aforesaid and then do as I shewed you before The Moone being southsouthwest and northnortheast maketh there a high water VIII To sayle into the Grouwe deepe and Schellingh kroegh ABout n. e. and n. e. by n. from the north ende of Phanu there lyeth a little Hill as if it were an Iland called Luysbergh Luysbergh A litle north frō it there lyeth a long plaine sand hill which is called Langhelech Langhelech from thence the land reacheth northwest from the south to the west side Betweene the north point of Phanu Langhelech Grouwe deepe Grouwe-deepe goeth in To sayle into it whē you come out of the south runne along by the Iland sound along about the north point till you gette deeper water The north ende of Phanu is flat verie far Now when you get deeper water then you shal see three or four hillocks about northeast from you upon the high land with a flat steeple called Holm or Bruynum bring this church a cables length north from the hillocks and then when you have the depth then those markes are northeast from you then goe in n. e. and keepe the south side till you come within by the drie
may well sayle up unles it be at a lowe water The depth runneth by Numits strand and when you keepe Numits strand whereon the beacons stand then you can not goe amisse but as soone as you put off from thence then you may sayle under the sands or sheares which reach off from the Wadt to the land of Numit therefore runne so long close by the strand of Numit Markes of the Sands till a church with a flat steeple which standeth about east from you against the high land of the Holme commeth on the south side of the high land then you are within the sands and outsands then you must leave the strand and goe in n. n. e. and n. e. by n. till there commeth a round hillock close south or right over against a blewe church which standeth upō the high land of the Holme then goe in northeast and by east till the aforesaid blewe church commeth against a Gentlemans house which standeth belowe close by the water in the lowe land then sayle north and north and by east till you be before Rincopen for there it is wide and broad The right depth there is two fathome and two foot Rincopen and the haven of Numen lye distant from each other four leagues North from Rincopen there runneth a River into the land whereon there lye two small townes the one called Hostebro Hostebro the other Huysbuy Huys buy they lye at least seven or eight leagues into the land Half a league south from Bovenberghen there goeth another small haven out of the Sea inward it is called Trosmond Trosmond chanel There stand two masts which you must hold one over against the other and so goe in within it there lyeth a village called Trosmond from thence you may sayle over the Wadt to Rincopen This haven or chanel is sometimes closed up and sometimes againe botes or crayers and small ships may goe out of and into it but it is reckoned for no haven III. Of the situation of Bovenberghen and the Holmen FRom Rincoper haven or the haven of Numan to Bovenberghen the land reacheth most north south 10 leagues and betweene them both it is all over a faire strand with white downes which are overgrowne with heath when you sayle along by it then you may see the blewe within the land of Rincopen called Holmes above over this land Betweene Bovenberghen and Reefshorne Bankes betweene Reefshorn Bovenberghen there lye some bancks of 7 8 and 9 fathome and some that are deeper Bovenberghen Bovenberghen is a long plaine hill in the middle having a round hillock or hill and upon this hill standeth a church with a steeple you may see the land at 13 and 14 fathome But if you come upon Bovenberghen to land then it openeth in three hilles it is a shoring steepe point the middlemost hil is the highest whereon standeth the church aforesaid with a flat steeple and on both sides of this hill there stand other churches which are not so high You may see the land at 13 or 14 fathome The ground is great redde sand with some small stones therein From Bovenberghen to the Holmen the land reacheth north northeast 9 or 10 leagues but it lyeth in a Creeke and it is black hillockie downish land overgrowne with heath and there standeth now and then a flat steeple in the land And there lyeth a banck of 10 fathome about five leagues from the land but it continueth not long Iutland Sand. Betweene Bovenberghen and the Holme from thence the Sand reacheth off from the land west into the Sea and when you goe over that Sand at 12 and 13 fathome then the Neus lyeth from you northwest and by north 24 leagues The Holmes Holmes is a plaine point which on the northeast side goeth shoring downe and in the middle upon this hill there standeth a four-square church without a steeple When that heigth of the land is southsoutheast from you and that you may justly see the north ende then it is 15 fathome deepe great rough sand with some stones amongst it A stonie banck north frō Holmes There lyeth a banck of stone like the Trindle of Lesou two leagues northeast or somewhat easterlyer from the north point of the Holmes that is betweene the north and the east points so that the two third parts of the water is almost betweene this stone-banck and the north point and the other third part betweene the east point the said stone-banck and there is not above 12 foot water upon it there hath some ships bin cast awaie upon it This east point East point lyeth about four leagues eastward from Holmes and is also a high shoring or sloping point as if it were Holmes Right against this east point there shooteth a Sand half a league into the Sea which you may sound about at seven fathome but as some say you may goe through betweene the land and this Sand. Thus the land betweene Bovenberghen and the Holmes sheweth when you sayle along by it two leagues from the land East point Holmes Bovenberghen South of Bovenberghen III. The situation of the Coasts of Iutland from the Holmes to Schaghen FRom the Holmes to Robbeknuyt the course is northeast nine leagues And right west from Robbeknuyt in the creeke to the east point there stand five churches with flat steeples which stand nearest to Robbeknuyt there lye also two blewe lands betweene the East-point and Robbeknuyt and there the land lyeth in a Creeke and chere also you see a cloven hill or downe before you come to Robbeknuyt It is there all along flatte strand East from Holmes there goeth in a water called Misdorp Misdorp and right west from the white Cliffe of Robbeknuyt there also runneth in a litle River whereon there lyeth a towne called Werlom Werlom Robbeknuyt is a high round hill and right upon the heigth of the hill there standeth a church with a sharpe steeple To knowe Robbeknuyt But east about from this point there goeth a great Creeke about to Hartshals Against Robbeknuyt it is verie farre flat for fifteene fathome depth is at least two leagues from the land And about four leagues from the land there lyeth a banck of nine fathome which reacheth along by the land And against Robbeknuyt there lyeth a stone or rock about a league from the land From Robbeknuyt to Hartshals Hartshals it is southwest and by west four leagues The land as I said before reacheth that waie with a creeke or bowing and there standeth a flatte steeple betweene them both but nearest to Robbeknuyt and there you see the high land of Laclowe over that high land Hartshals is a long plaine hill To knowe Hartshals on the east ende going somewhat shoring downe And right against Hartshals there lyeth a sandie or stonie ground about a quarter of a league from the land whereon some men saye manie ships have
Stevenshooft and Zeebuy of 5 6 and 7 fathome This shallowe is called the Sweteringh The Sweteringh lying above two leagues eastward from Aelburgher haven and the chanel there betweene them both is about 10 or 11 fathome deepe From Aelburgher haven to Haselin the course is southeast and by east about twentie leagues From Aelburgher haven to Stevenshooft Stevenshooft the course is s e. and by s about nine leagues There betweene them both the land lyeth in a great Creeke wherein the two townes called Mariacker and Randersen doe lye Mariacker Mariacker lyeth from Aelburgher haven south and south and by west four leagues and from Stevenshooft five leagues Betweene Mariacker Stevenhoofr lyeth the River of Randersen Randersen which runneth crooked about so farre up into the land to the towne of Schandelburgh where the King of Denmarke hath a great fishing and also manie times commeth there to hunt Thus the land and the church of Aelst sheweth two leagues and an half east from Aelburgher haven Aelster church Melver hill III. To sayle from Stevenshooft to the Ilands of Syro Wero and Sampso and forth through the Wedersond to the Melversond FRom Stevenshooft to Haselin the course is e. s e. thirteene leagues and Haselin Haselin without is full of foule Sands and grounds you shall finde further and larger description of Haselin and Anout as also of the foule waies and shallowes lying thereabouts in the tenth Chapter of this Book Right south from Stevenshooft lyeth a litle towne called Oruntbuy there lye the Chalck grounds right before the River of Grimsond in a Creek right about the point of Stevenshooft Oruntbuy Chalk-grounds that is a sand two or three foot water deepe but not farre from it it is 10 fathome deepe you may sound it at 4. fathome You may sayle up the Grimsond Grimsond to Grimsteed which is a lading place of Boeyers From Stevenshooft to Great Helmes Great Helmes the course is s s w. about 7 leagues The land from Stevenshooft to the point of Ebeltud reacheth s s.w seven or eight leagues Ebeltud Ebeltud is a litle towne lying against the Great Helmes inward to the land Betweene the Great Helme Iutland it is 6 and 7 fathome deepe Close by Stevenshooft and the point of Ebeltud it is 8 9 and 10 fathome deepe The great Helme hath two Sands one upon the north side and the other upon the south side From Stevenshooft to Siero Siero the course is s s e. 8 leagues North from Siero lyeth a land-losse ground divided into two Sands Sands of Siero which you must shunne These two Sands in some places lye above the water From the Great Holme to the Iland Wero The Iland Wero the course is n. n. w. and s s e. four leagues and there it is 4 or 5 fathome deepe The situation of Kayholme and Samps From Wero there runneth a shallowe to Kayeholme and about Kayholme and also about the Ilands Samps it is all full of drie grounds and they runne all to the great Iland Sampso From Great Holme to the Iland Sampso Sampso it is s w. and n. e. four leagues Sand of Sampso From the north ende of Sampso there shooteth off a Sand north into the Sea there you may sound close about to come into the Rode of Sampso when you will anckor there there at the Rode it is 10 fathome and under the Swan grounds you lye safe from all windes From the south ende of Ebeltud to Aerhuysen Aerhuysen the course is west and west and by south five leagues there it is all flat water that is 2 and 3 fathome deepe He that will anckor in the Rode before Aerhuysen let him bring the great steeple in the middle betweene the two other speeres there is the best ground and good Rode at 3 4 or 5 fathome so drie as one will South by Aerhuysen the Wedersond Wedersond goeth in between Iutland and Sampso he that will sayle into it must be wel acquainted there with for there it is all full of Sands and shallowes and also by night you can not use the chanel because of the sands and shallowes and by daie also you must looke well about you and spare not your lead but you may anckor and lye at rode there all over When you will sayle through the Wedersond To sayle through Wedersond comming from Great Holme or Ebeltud then leave the Iland Tons Tons and the Swan grounds on baghborde running forth all along by the coast of Iutland at 2 or 3 fathome till you be past Horsens or the Iland of Endelau which Iland of Endelau a man may not goe neare unto on the west side because of all the grounds which lye on the west side thereof Betweene Endelau Endelau and the firme land it is narrowe water stretching from Wedersond south through the Swan grounds Swan-grounds on both sides it is drie it is but a chanel to sayle through When you come off from Melversond will sayle through the Wedersond it is best to runne along by the Iutland side till you be against the River of Horsens there you must then put somewhat off from the land sayle upon the I le of Tons then you goe through betweene the North and South grounds leaving the I le of Tons on starborde When you are past Tons then you must goe out close by the north point of Sampso to the land of Ebeltud it is altogether one course from Horsens to Tons and forth to Sampso and the point of Ebeltud that is altogether northeast and southwest 8 or 9 leagues Frō Horsens or the Iland Endelau to Melversond Melversond the course is s s w. 7 leagues Melversond is a deepe Sond of 20 and 25 fathome and is verie crooked to goe in It goeth in betweene Fuynen and Iutland which are two high lands From the Iland Ebelo to Melversond the course is southwest and southwest and by south five leagues From Sampso Rode to the I le of Ebelo Ebelo the course is s s w. and s w. and by w. five leagues And from the south ende of Sampso to Ebelo the course is s w. and by w. four leagues Frō Sampso to Roems Roems the course is s e. n. w. 5 leagues The northwest Coast of Fuynen reacheth southwest and by west 8 leagues The Iland of Ebelo lyeth a league from it yet you cannot goe through betweene it and Fuynen it lyeth right before Bowens South from the Iland there lyeth a great stone or rock under the water betweene this Rock the Iland lyeth the Rode before Bowens Rode before Bouwens at 8 or 9 fathome IIII. To sayle from Syro and Wero to Langheland and forth about Fuynen to Melversond also along by Zeland to Golversond BEtweene Syro and Wero lyeth a bad sand long broad Haters Sand. reaching further then
steeple upon the land From Farosand to Sliet-haven Sliet havē the course is south and by west three leagues and from thence to Ostergarde Ostergarde also south and by west four leagues From Ostergarde there lyeth an Iland which you may sayle round about and anckor where you will at seven or eight fathome You may sayle into Ostergarde about on both sides of the said Iland The south chanel reacheth in north at seven fathome and the east chanel north from the Iland reacheth in southwest and southsouthwest From Ostergarde to Houborch the southwest ende of Gotland the course is southwest and southwest and by south about twelve or thirteene leagues Betweene them both there lye four Havens called Santwick Narwick Boswick and Heylicholme The haven of Santwick Santwick reacheth in about northnorthwest within it is five and sixe fathome deepe there standeth a chappel upon the point of the land and there it is good lying This Haven and Ostergarde are distant southwest and by south and northeast and by north about a league and an half Narwick Narwick lyeth from Santwick southwest three leagues and on the east side of the Haven there lyeth a long rock which you must goe in by and leave the other sharpe rock on baghborde and anckor within the haven at four or five fathome A league west from Narwick lyeth Boswick Boswick there lyeth an Iland in the middle of the haven it is best to goe in south from it but you may also goe in north about it and then you leave the two rocks on starreborde it is a faire haven and in it is three fathome water A league south from it lyeth Heylich holme Heylich-holme it is also a good haven but it is litle knowne From Heylich holme to the south ende of Gotland the course is southwest five leagues On the south ende of Gotland there standeth a high steeple called Houborch Houborch At Houborch also there goeth in a haven you may anckor before it at sixe or seven fathome Sand of Gotland From the south point of Gotland there runneth a Sand a great waie into the Sea which is verie stonie but you may sound it about at seven eight and nine fathome IIII. The situation of Oeland Calmersond and so to Valsterbon FRom the south-point of Gotland to the southpoint of Oeland the course is as much westerly as southwest three-and-twentie or four-and-twentie leagues but the north ende of Oeland lyeth distant from the south ende of Gotland westnorthwest or as some saye west and by north tenne or eleven leagues .. The Iland of Oeland Oeland as some say is four-and-twentie leagues long and a great league broade when you sayle along by it you may telle eighteene steeples which are all flatte The eastcoast reacheth north and by east and south and by west it is a faire coast but about seven or eight leagues south from the north ende there shooteth off a Sand crosse from the land about a league into the Sea which you must shunne By it also there goeth in a haven Haven in Oeland where indifferent shippes may goe in otherwise Oeland hath never a Haven But within Calversond there a man may anckor under Oeland verie fitly to lade for there it is good lying in all places From the north ende of Oeland to the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe Sweathlād Ioncvrouwe the course is west and by south you may sayle round about it and anckor where you will there it is eighteene or nineteene fathome deepe From the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe to the rockes of Calmer the course is southsouthwest eleven leagues Calmersond Calmersond stretcheth through to Der-clipping south and by west and north-and by east twelve or thirteene leagues there it is not all to broad nor deepe there about you have three fathome and a foot deepe If you come out of the south you may runne in west also from the rockes but there it is no more then twelve foot deepe and that runneth in northnorthwest About eight leagues south from Calmer and four leagues north from the Rough Iland there lyeth a litle towne called Overschaer there abouts shooteth out a stonie Sand about a third part of a league from the shore into the Sea come no nearer unto it then tenne fathome From the south ende of Oeland there shooteth off a great Sand at least a great league into the Sea Sand of Oeland and there it is seven or eight fathome deepe when the chappel upon Suyder Norden is northwest a league from you there it is tenne or eleven fathom deepe you may sound it about at eight or nine fathome the south ende of Oeland is called Zuydernorden and the Sand is called the Sand of Zuydernorden From thence to Derclipping Derclipping it is westsouthwest eight leagues North from Derclippingh or Out-clippingh lyeth the Rough Iland Betweene that Iland and the firme land it is foule and craggie so that you cannot sayle through there but upon the east side of the Rough Iland you may saile along at tenne or twelve fathome without hurt On the west or northwest side of the Rough Iland there is good Rode where is good lying at eight or nine fathome faire ground against the northeast and east windes From Derclipping to Ahuys the course is west and west and by south tenne or eleven leagues betweene them both that is west and west and by north from Derclippingh five leagues lyeth a great rock called Malqueren Malqueren which you may anckor under North from this rock the towne called Rottenbuy Rottenbuy lyeth in a Creeke before it as also before Eleholme Eleholme you may anckor at sixe seven and eight fathome for there is good anckor ground There goeth up a river to Ahuys Ahuys of eight or tenne foot deep and before it as also before Selsborgh Selsborch the Rode is seven or eight fathome From Ahuys to Hanneu or Hanno the course is southeast five leagues Hanno Hanno is a high round Iland you may sayle and anckor round about it at tenne eleven and twelve fathome From Hanno to the north ende of Borneholme it is south and by east and north and by west eleven or twelve leagues distant South from Hanno lyeth a towne called Sant-haver Santhaver west or north from it lyeth Somer-haven Somer haven in a round baye and there it is verie good anckor ground From the north ende of Borneholme to Utstede the course is northwest eight leagues Wtstede But from Utstede to Valsterbon the coast reacheth about westsouthwest thirteene or fourteene leagues Thus the southende of Oeland sheweth when it is crosse from you V. Of the depths and grounds situate in these chanels BEtweene Gotland and the Sweathland rockes and skarres in the chanel it is 34 and 38 fathome deepe and close by Gotland it is 25 fathome deepe Two leagues from the land west from Ostergarde it is about one-and-thirtie
Hoemen alle HaveneÌ„ daer ontreÌ„t geleghen beseijlen ende alle clippen Reuen enÌ„ periculose plaetsen schouwen ende mijden sal Carte Marine representant dez Schagen et Maesterlande par la Somâ—â— iusques a Valsterbon toutes les situations des costes de la Mer du pais de Nord-est Halande SchoneÌ„ et Zeelande ComÌ„ent on marinera tous Ports et haures la alentour et se gardera de tous rochiers escueils bancs de sable et dangereux endroictz CHAPTER X. A DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Schoonen Zeeland Haland and the Land of Northeast from Valsterbon to Schaghen I. The situation betweene Valsterbon and the Sond Valsterboen sand THe Sand of Valsterbon reacheth about southwest above a league to Seaward If you come out of the east you may anckor under Valsterboen Sand at 7 or 8 fathome so that then the steeple of Valsterbon standeth west or west and by north from you from Valsterboen Sand along by the Bleesche side to Drelborch it is verie flatte Rode under Steden You may also anckor under Steden safe against a northerly winde but you must runne in somewhat farre betweene Steden and Meun into the creeke and anckor betweene Meun and Steden at eight or nine fathome so that the shoring point of Steden may lye northnortheast from you Kuycke North from Steden you must ruÌ„ne up westward to Kuycke which lyeth in a great creeke it is there all shallowe or flat water at five sixe or seven fathome and you may anckor there where you will Close by Steden it is twelve and thirteene fathome deepe On the Sand of Valsterboen there lyeth a tonne at four fathome and you may sound about the Sand at five fathome without daunger When the steeple of Valsterboen and the castle are one against another then you are right against the Sand. When you are about Valsterboen Sand you may sounde there within it at four fathome along to the strand of Schoonen or old Valsterboen Hul water where there lyeth a haven called Hul or Hul-water it is a deepe haven for common shippes and goeth in at three or four fathome and reacheth in most part northeast you may sound in along by the foot-strand of Olde Valsterboen at three fathome and you must leave Olde Valsterboen on the right hand it is there wide and broade ynough But before or against Olde Valsterboen there lyeth a Sand called Zuydvliet which you must remember to shunne Southvliet From the tonne upon Valsterboen Sand to the tonne upon Draker sand the course is north five leagues but if you come out of the east and come out by Steden Drakersand then goe north and by east to Drakersand and that is sixe leagues and when the steeple of Coppen haven commeth upon the east ende of the wood which standeth west from Draker Markes of Draker sand then you have the length of the tonne upon Drakersand then you may well set your course upon Southolme till you come before Draker there you shall finde five fathome water a foot lesse and that is the dryest of all the Middle ground The south tonne of the Middle ground lyeth somewhat higher up to Draker South tonne in the Midle ground from the tonne upon Draker sand to the Suyder tonne north and north and by west Right over against this Zuyder tonne there lyeth a stone above the water which is called the Fisher there you may sound the Southolme for there it is flatte water Fisher. From the Zuyder tonne of the Middle ground Casper Caniel tonne and the markes or the drought to the tonne upon Casper Caniel the course is north and north and by west there the Middleground is at the narrowest there it is shoring on both sides if you lavere through the shallowes you must winde as soone as it beginneth to drie on the one or the other side The markes of this tonne upon Casper Caniel are these when the sharpe steeple of Coppen haven is against the white castle then you have the length of this tonne and there it is seven and eight fathome deepe From the tonne at Casper Caniel to the Middle tonne Middle tonne the course is north and by west the southerlyest mille commeth upon the southende of the towne and the flatte steeple coÌ„meth within a lever or bowe length of the speere steeple of Coppen haven these are markes of the Middle tonne it is there eight or nine fathome deepe North tonne From the Middle tonne to the North tonne the course is north and by west and northnorthwest there in the chanel it is nine and tenne fathome deepe but the tonne lyeth at sixe fathome on the north ende of the Middle ground From the north tonne to the Sond the course is north and by west in that chanel it is eight nine tenne fathome deepe you may also runne along by the west side at sixe and seven fathome Rode under the Sond A man may anckor in the Sond where he will all the shippes for the most part anckor commonly along by the land south from Elsenore but with a southeast winde it is badde lying there for there it is fiveteene and sixteene fathome deepe but to Weem there lyeth a banck or flat of seven eight or nine fathome there it is better lying but it is somewhat farre from the land II. How you shall sayle out of the Sond through the shallowes and so into Reefshol ALthough I have heere perfectly declared how you shall sayle through the Sands and Shallowes comming from Valsterboen to the Sond yet I thought it not amisse also to write How a man comming north or out of the Sond shall sayle through it in regard that there passeth so great a number of shippes that waie everie yeere and for that it is so requisite and convenient to knowe the true and perfect situation of that chanel North tonne If you wil sayle out of the Sond to the Shallowes and Sands you must goe south and by east or you may sound along by the wood at five or sixe fathome then you shall not in sayling misse the North tonne for it lyeth at sixe fathome on the north ende of the middle ground east from the tonne it is seven fathome deepe Markes of the north-tonne but in the right chanel against this tonne it is nine or tenne fathome deepe The markes of this tonne are when the ende of the wood is westsouthwest and the steeple of Coppen haven southwest from you then you are against the north toÌ„ne and there standeth a flatte steeple a certaine space south from that wood also there come then three hillocks on the north-side of the towne all these are markes of the north tonne If you will sayle to Reefshol or to Coppen haven then ruÌ„ne west about this north tonne To sayle into Reefshol and goe on southwest by south and southsouthwest till the tonne lyeth east and east and by