sundry kinds by these following Names The Barbel Bream Bleak Bulhead or Millers-thumb Chevin Char Chub Carp Daoe Dare Ele Flounder Grayling Gudgeon Guiniad Loach Minnow Pope or Pike Pearch Rud Roach Sticklebag or Bansticle Salmon Shad Suant Tench Torcoth Trout Thwait and Vmber All these Alphabetically thus named are the different sorts of Fish in taking which the Angler commonly exercises his Art We come next Where to find them I. To know the Haunts and Resorts of Fish in which they are to be usually found is the most Material thing the Angler ought to be instructed in lest he vainly prepare how to take them and preposterously seek where to find that he prepar'd for To prevent which you are first to understand That as the season of the Year is so Fish change their places In Summer some keep near the top others the bottom of the Waters In Winter all Fish in general resort to deep Waters But more particularly The Barbel Roach Dace and Ruff covet most Sandy Gravelly Ground the deepest part of the River and the shadows of Trees Bream Pike and Chub delight in a Clay and Owzie Ground The Bream chooseth the middle of the River in a gentle not too rapid Stream The Pike preferreth still Waters full of Fry and absconding himself amongst Bull-rushes Water-docks or under Bushes that under these shelters he may more securely surprize and seize his Prey The Chub too chooses the same Ground large Rivers and Streams and is rarely destitute of some Tree to cover and shade him Carp Tench and Eel frequent foul muddy still Waters The greatest Eels lurk under stones or Roots the smallest ones are found in all sorts of Rivers or Soils The Carp is for the deepest stillest part of Pond or River and so is the Tench and both delight in green Weeds Pearch delighteth in gentle Streams of a reasonable Depth not too shallow close by a hollow Bank is their common Sanctuary Gudgeon covets Sandy Gravelly Gentle Streams and smaller Rivers not so much abounding in Brooks He bites best in Spring till they spawn and a little after till Wasp time The Salmon delights in large swift Rivers which ebb and flow and are there plentifully to be found As likewise Rocky and Weedy Rivers But in the latter end of the Year he is to be found high up in the Country in swift and violent Cataracts coming thither to spawn The Trout loves small swift purling Brooks or Rivers that run upon Stones or Gravel and in the swiftest deepest part of them getteth behind some Stone-block and there feeds He delights in a Point of a River where the Water comes Whirling like the Eddy to catch what the Stream brings down especially if he has the shade of a Tree He hugely delights to lurk under some hollow Bank or Stone seldom among Weeds Shad Thwait Plaice Peel Mullet Suant and Flownder covet chiefly to be in or near the Salt or Brackish Waters which ebb and flow The last viz. the Flownder have been taken in fresh Rivers as coveting Sand and Gravel deep gentle streams near Banks c. Lastly the Vmber affects Marly Clay Ground clear and swift Streams far from the Sea the greatest Plenty of these Fish is found in Darbyshire and Staffordshire Thus much for the Haunts of Fish I come next to know When is the most seasonable time to catch them which before I speak to let him that would become a compleat Angler take this Rule That he observe narrowly what Pond or River soever he Fisheth in whether it be slimy muddy stony or gravelly whether of a swift or flow Motion as likewise that he know the Nature of each Fish and what Baits are most proper for every kind Not to let his Knowledg be circumscribed to one or two particular Rivers whither he is invited to Angle and take his Observations by the Vicinity of his House but to let his Knowledge be general and consequently his Sport will be so too His Ignorance otherwise will oblige him to be a Spectator in another River when his Excellency is confined to that only experienced one in or near his own Parish or House But to proceed II. To understand the best Time when to Angle in We must first consider Affirmatively when most Seasonable Or 2. Negatively when Vnseasonable 1. Seasonable Angling is when the Weather is calm serene and clear tho' the Cool cloudy Weather in Summer is to be preferred provided the Wind blow not too boistrously to hinder your easy Guiding your Tools In the hottest Months the cooler the better 2. When a Violent shower hath disturbed the Water and mudded it then with a Red Worm Angle in the Stream at the Ground 3. A little before Fish spawn when they repair to gravelly Fords to rub and loosen their full Bellies they bite freely 4. From Sun-rising till eight of the Clock in the Morning and from four in the Afternoon till night for Carp and Tench In June and July Carps shew themselves on the very rim of the Water then Fish with a Lob-worm as you would with a Natural Fly But be sure to keep out of sight 5. In March April and September and all Winter when the Air is clear serene and warm And after a shower of Rain which hath only beaten the Gnats and Flies into the River without muddying The two first mentioned Months with May and part of June are most proper for the Fly Nine in the Morning and Three a Clock in the Afternoon is the best time as likewise when the Gnats play much in a warm Evening 6. In a Cloudy and Windy day after a Moon-shine clear Night for the brightness of the Night through fear making them abstain from feeding and the Gloominess of the Day emboldening and rendering them through Hunger sharp and eager upon food they bite then freely 7. Lastly at the opening of Milldams or Sluces you will find Trouts c. come forth seeking food brought down by the Water We come next to demonstrate the time not proper i. e. 2. Vnseasonable Angling in short is when the Earth is parched and scorched with Vehement Heat and Drought benummed and frozen with Cold Frost and Snow or refrigerated with Spring Hoar-Frosts or blasted with the sharp bitter nipping North or East Winds Or when blustring Boreas disorders your well guiding your Tackling or the Sheep-shearers Washings glutted the Fish and anticipated your Bait when the withdrawing of your Sport foretells a Storm and advises you to some shelter or Lastly when the night proves Dark and Cloudy you need not trouble your self the next day 't is to no purpose c. III. For providing Stocks the best time is the Winter Solstice when the Sap is in the Roots of Trees and their Leaves gone It is improper after January the Sap then ascending into the Trunk and expending it self over all the Branches See that your Stocks be Taper-grown and your Tops of the best Ground-Hazle that can be had smooth slender
quarters of a pound and your Cord to a strong Pole and in muddy Waters you may Fish and find the Eels tug lustily and when you think they have swallowed them draw up your Line and ashore with them Lastly the Eel-spear made with four teeth jagged on both sides stricken into the Mud on the bottom of a River and if you chance to strike where they lye you infallibly take There is likewise an assured way of taking Eels thus done Take some Bottles of Hay mixt with green Osiers or Willows Bait them with Sheeps-Guts or other Beasts Garbage sink them down in the middle to the bottom of your Pond or by the Bank sides having fastned a Cord to the Bottles that you may twitch them up at your pleasure and all the best Eels will resort to them The Flounder Shad Thwait Suant and Mullet are taken with Red-Worms of all sorts Wasps and Gentles For the Grayling you must head your Hook upon the shank with a slender and narrow plate of Lead that the Bait a large Grass-hopper may the more easily come over it and at the point put a Cad-bait and keep the Bait in continual motion not forgetting to pull off the Grass-hoppers Wings The Gudgeon takes the smallest Red-Worm Wasps Gentles and Cadbaits When you Fish for him stir up the Sand or Gravel with a Pole which will make them gather thither and bite more eagerly The Guiniad I shall remit speaking to only mentioning it in course being no where found but in a place called Pemble-Mere in which place they abound as the River Dee does with Salmon The Pope or Ruff is excellent for a young Angler bites greedily and quantities may be taken by Baiting the Ground with fat Earth and your Hook with small Red-Worms The Pike loveth all sorts of Baits unless the Fly Gudgeon Dace Roaches and Loaches and young Frogs in Summer time of which the yellowest is best The Pearch taketh all sorts of Earth-worms especially the Lob-worm and Brandling well scowred Bobs Oak-worms Dors Gentles Cole-wort-worms Wasps Cad-baits and Menow or a little Frog the Hook being fastned through the skin of his Leg towards the upper part of it Be sure you give the Pearch time enough to pouch his Bait before you strike The Salmon is taken best with Lob-worms scented with the Oyl of Ivy Berries or the Oyl of Polypody of the Oak mixt with Turpentine Or the well scowred Garden-worm is an excellent Bait The Salmon bites best in May June and July at three a Clock in the Afternoon if the Water be clear a little Wind stirring especially near the Sea The Tench is a great lover or large Red worms first dipt in Tar. As also all sorts of Paste made up with strong scented Oyls or Tar or a Paste made up of Brown Bread and Honey He will bite too at a Cad-worm Lob-worm Flag-worm green Gentle Cadbait Marsh-worm or soft boil'd Bread-grain c. The Torcoth being before mentioned I only let you know that he is only found in the Pool Linperis in Carnarvon-shire and leave you to the Welchmens description both of him and his Bait. The Trout is fattest and in his prime in May and is caught with all sorts of Worms especially Brandlings commonly found in an Old Dunghill Cow-dung Hogs-dung or Tanners-bark Also with Flies Natural and Artificial with young Frogs Menow Marsh Dock or Flag-worms all sorts of Cadbait Dors Bobs Palmers Gentles Wasps Hornets c. and with the Caterpiller used according to the Rule before prescribed for the Grayling Lastly The Vmber is taken as the Trout just now mentioned And therefore now to your Sport To assist your well effecting which I have but this to add Cast into your Haunts where you use to Fish once in four or five days soft boiled Corn or oftner for Carp and Tench Also Garbage Beasts Livers chopt Worms Grains steept in Blood to attract them to the place and to keep them together throw in half a handful of Grains or ground Malt But in a stream cast it above your Hook that floating towards you you may draw the Fish thither Sundry curious Baits for Fish These grow on the Cuccow pints or wak-Robin and are found in dry ditches overgrown with Brambles they are about the bigness of Pease and in July and August are of a lovely transparent Red and are excellent baits for Roaches and Chubs and for the first two will serve but for the latter you may put four or five at a time on the Hook Oat-Cakes with Cheese Beat these together into a Paste the Cheese being new and stick them together with a little Honey letting the Paste Lye all Night in a wet Linnen Cloath then fit it up in baits and cover your Hook with it To keep Baits for the Pike or Night-hooks For this take a small Roach Dace Loach Minnow Smelt small Trout or Pearch cutting off the Finns on the back or small Eels well scoured in Wheat-Bran which will keep them better and longer taking a way the slime and watery substance that causes them to rot or decay the sooner Fishes Eyes Take out the Eyes of such Fish as you catch and put three or four of them on a Hook and they will prove an excellent bait for most sorts of Fish Fat Bacon Cut this in little small Long ships and especially at Snap it is exceeding good to take a Chub or Pike from the latter end of August to the beginning of April The Pith of the Back-bone of a Sheep Take out the Pith that runs through the Back-bone and take off the Tough outward Skin and leave the thin tender white Skin on and bait with about half an Inch of it and it takes a Chevin to admiration Grain VVheat Malt. Bruise either of these finely fry them in Honey make them up into Pasts with Oyl of Peter and either in Winter or Summer they take Chub Roach Dace or Bleak How to bring Fish if any in the Pond or River to the place you desire Boyl clean Barly in Water till it bursts with Licorice and a little Mummy add some Honey and beat them together in a Mortar into a stiff Paste and boyl about the quantity of a Wall-nut of this Paste with a quart of Barly till it grows Glutenous and then lay it for a ground bait and the Fish will flock about it from all parts To make worms for Baits come out of the Ground Boyl an Ounce of Verdigrise in a quart of strong Vinegar and Sprinkle a little in places where you suspect Worms are and they will Crawl out of the Ground Another approved Bait. Take the Fat of a Heron Mummy and Galbanum of each two drams Scent them with a Grain of Musk and make them up with two Ounces of Aqua-vitae stir them over a gentle Fire in an Earthen Vessel till they become thick and with this rub the Hook and end of the Line and the Scent of it will draw the Fish to it you must also
habitual to him to keep his Ground certain advance of an equal hight before and behind and observe a due Time with the motions of your Legs The Inequality of his advancing his hinder Legs is helpt by a Jerk on the Fillets by some body behind him with a Rod. Of RACING A Racer must have the Finest Cleanest Shape possible and above all Nimble Quick and Fiery apt to Fly with the least Motion nor is a long Bodied contemptible it assuring Speed tho' it signifies Weakness too The Arabian Barbary or his Bastard are esteemed the best for this Use these excelling Jennets tho' they are good too Having furnished your self with a Horse thus qualified you are to observe his right and due Ordering before your designed Racing Bartholomew-tide is the most proper time to take him from Grass the day before being Dry Fair and Pleasant That Night let him stand conveniently to empty his Body the next day Stable him and feed him with Wheat-straw that day and no longer lest you exceeding that time it straighten his Guts heat his Liver and hurt his Blood for want of Straw Riding him Morning and Evening to Water Airing or other moderate Exercises will serve Then feed him with good old sweet Hay and according to the Season and Temperature of his Body clothe him for a Smooth Coat shews Cloth enough and a Rough Coat want of it Observe likewise where you Water your Race-Horse that it be a Running Water or clear Spring far distant a Mile or more from the Stable adjoyning to some Level where after he has once well drank Gallop him and so Water and Scope him till that he refuse to drink more for that time then Walk him gently Home being an Hour on your way or more clothe and stop him round with soft Whisps and let him stand an Hour upon his Bridle and after feed him with sweet sound Oats throughly dryed either with Age Kilne or Sun if he be low of flesh or bad Stomacht add a third part of clean Old Beans or two parts of Oats or Wash his Oats in strong Beer or Ale For Dressing take these Rules Dress your Horse twice a day before you Water him both Morning and Evening thus Curry him after he is uncloath'd from his Ear-tips to his Tayle and his whole Body intirely save his Legs under the Knees and Cambrels with an Iron-Comb then Dust him and Rub him with a Brush of Bristles over again Dust him again and wetting your hand in clean Water rub off all the loose Hairs and so rub him dry as at first then with a fine Hair Cloth rub him all over and lastly with a fine Linnen Cloth and then pick his Eyes Nostrils Sheath Cods Tuel and Feet clean The best Food for your Racer is good sweet well dryed sunned and beaten Oats Or else Bread made of one part Beans and two parts Wheat i. e. two Bushels of Wheat to one of Beans ground together Boult through a fine Range half a Bushel of fine Meal and bake that into two or three Loaves by it self and with water and good store of Barm knead up and bake the rest in great Loaves having sifted it through a Meal-sieve But to your finer you would do well to put the whites of Twenty or thirty Eggs and with the Barm a little Ale 't is no matter how little water With the Courser feed him on his Resting days on his Labouring days with the finer The best time for feeding your Runner on his Resting days is after his Watering in the Morning at One a Clock at Noon after his watering in the Evening and at nine or ten a Clock at nights On his Days of Labour two Hours after he is throughly Cold outwardly and inwardly as before As for the Proportion of Meat I shall not confine your Love to a Quantity only give him a little at once as long as his Appetite is Good When he begins to fumble and play with his Meat hold your hand shut up your Sack As for his Exercise it ought to be thrice a Week as his bodily Condition requires if he be foul moderate Exercise will break his Grease if clean then as you judge best taking heed of breaking his Mettle or discouraging him or laming his Limbs Before you air him to add to his Wind it is requisite to give him a raw Egg broken in his Mouth if your Horse be very fat air him before Sun rising and after Sun-set if lean deprive him not of the least strength and Comfort of the Sun you can devise To make him Sweat sometimes by coursing him in his Cloaths is necessary if moderate but without his Cloaths let it be sharp and swift See that he be empty before you course him and it is wholesome to wash his Tongue and Nostrils with Vinegar or piss in his Mouth before you back him And after his Exercise cool him before you come home house litter and rub him well and dry then cloath him and give him after every Course a Scouring thus prepared For scouring a Race-Horse Take 20 Raisins of the Sun stoned 10 Figs slit in the midst boyl them till they be thick in a Pottle of fair Water mix it with Powder of Annis-seeds Lycoras and Sugar-candy till it come to a stiff Paste make them into round Balls roul them in Butter and give him three or four of them the next morning after his Course and ride him an hour after and then set him up Warm Or this may be preferred being both a Purge and a Restorative a Cleanser and a Comforter thus prepared Take three Ounces of Annis-seeds six Drams of Cummin-seeds one Dram and half of Carthamus one Ounce and two Drams of Fennngreek-seed one Ounce and half of Brimstone Beat all these to a fine Powder and searse them then take a Pint and two Ounces of Sallet-Oyl a Pint and half of Honey and a Pottle of White-Wine then with a sufficient Quantity of fine white Meal knead and work all well into a stiff Paste keep it in a clean Cloath for use When occasion requires dissolve a Ball of it in a Pail of Water and after Exercise give it him to drink in the Dark that he may not see the Colour and refuse it If he does refuse let Fasting force him to be of another mind To conclude these Instructions I will give you 'em in short before you run and then away as fast as you can Course not your Horse hard four or five days before your Match lest you make his Limbs sore and abate his Speed Muzzle him not except a foul Feeder above two or three Nights before the Race and the Night before his bloody Courses Give him sharp as well as gentle Courses on the Race he is to run Shoe him a day before you run him Let him be empty on the Match Day Saddle him in the Stable and fix to him the Girths and Pannel with Shoe-makers Wax Lead him with all Gentleness to
his Course and let him smell other Horses Dung to provoke him to stale c. And Lastly being come to the starting place rub him well uncloath him then take his Back and the Word given with all Gentleness and Quietness possible start and away And God speed you well School of Recreation How to make Artificial Fire-works of all sorts for Pleasure c. OF Artificial Fire-works for Recreation there are three general sorts viz. Those that ascend or mount in the Air. Those that consume on the Earth And such as burn on the Water And these are again divided into three Particulars viz. For the Air the Sky-Rocket the flying Saucisson and Balloon For the Earth the Ground-Rocket the fiery Lances and the Saucissons descendent For the Water-Globes or Balls double Rockets and single Rockets and of these in their particular Orders to make them and such other Matters as may occur relating to Fire-works But before I enter particularly on them it will not be amiss to give the Unlearned Instructions for making his Moulds for Rockets c. This Mould must be of a substantial piece of Wood well season'd and not subject to split or warp and first the Caliber or Bore of it being an Inch in Diameter the Mould must be six Inches long and Breech an Inch and half the Broach that enters into the Choaking part three Inches and a half long and in Thickness a quarter of an Inch. The Rowler on which you wrap the Paper or Paste board being three quarters of an Inch Diameter and the Rammer somewhat less that it may easily pass and re-pass made hollow to receive the Broach for the Cartoush Coffin must be filled with the Materials the Broach being in If the Bore be two Inches Diameter the Rocket must be twelve Inches in Length If an Inch and a half in Bore then nine Inches Long and so proportionably to any other Diameter The Cartoush or Case must be either strong Paper or fine Paste-board choaked within an Inch a quarter of the Top rowled on the Rowler with a thin Paste to keep the Doublings the higher together that it may have the greater force and higher flight Having thus far considered your Mould and Cartoush or Case I proceed to the Composition and filling part c. A Sky-Rocket how to make it c. In the Composition of your filling Materials be very cautious that you exceed not the just Proportion for which I shall give Directions to be a Standard in this case viz. Having beat a Pound of Powder very fine and sifted it through a Lawn Sieve that no whole Corns remain in it do the like by two Ounces of Charcole then sift them together so that they may mix well which done fill a small Rocket with this Mixture and if it break in Mounting before it come to the supposed height or burns out too fierce then is there too much Powder and more fine sifted Charcole must be added but if there be too much Charcole in the Composition then upon tryal it will not ascend or very little Observe in charging your Rocker at every quarter of an ounce of Ingredients or thereabouts you ram it down very hard forcing your Rammer with a wooden Mallet or some weighty piece of Wood but no Iron or Stone for fear any Sparkles of Fire fly out and take your Combustible Matter so fill it by degrees If you design neither to place Stars Quills or small Rockets on its Head you may put in about an Inch and a half of dry Powder for the Bounce but if you are to place the fore-mention'd things on the Head of a great Rocket you must close down the Paper or Paste-board very hard and prick two or three holes with a Bodkin that it may give fire to them when it Expires placing a large Cartoush or Paste-board on the head of the Rocket into which you must put the Stars or small Rockets Paper-Serpents or Quill-Serpents of which I shall speak more hereafter Note further That if you would have your Rocket sparkle much you must put some grosly bruised Salt peter into the Composition but then it must not lie long before it be let off for fear it give and damp the Powder If you would have it leave a blue Stream as it ascends put fine beaten and sifted Sulphur into it but of neither of these more than a third part of Charcole and in this manner greater and lesser Rockets are made but the lesser must have more Powder and less Charcole than the greater by a fifth part in six Golden Rain and Golden Hair For Golden Rain or streams of Fire that will when at height descend in the Air like Rain Take large Goose-Quills take only the hollow Quill as long as may be fill it with beaten Powder and Charcole as for the Air Rocket only add a little Powder of Sulphur Being hard filled to a quarter of an Inch stop that with wet Powder called Wild-fire place as many as you think convenient on the Head of a great Rocket pasted on in a Rowl of Paper so that it may not fall off till the Rocket bursts there being a little dry Powder in it to force the end when the stream of fire ceases at which time they taking will appear like a shower of Fire of a golden Colour spreading themselves in the Air and then tending directly downwards This is to be considered when you stand directly or something near under them but if you are at some distance then they will appear to you like the Blazing Tail of a Comet or Golden Hair Silver Stars How to make them To make Stars that will expand in Flame and appear like natural Stars in the Firmament for a time Take half a Pound of Salt-peter the like quantity of Brimstone finely beaten together sifted and mingled with a quarter of a Pound of Gunpowder so ordered Then wrap up the Composition in Linnen Rags or fine Paper to the quantity of a Walnut bind them with small Thread and prick holes in the Rag or Paper with a Bodkin and place six or ten of them on the Head of a great Rocket as you did the Quills and when the Rocket expires they take fire and spread into a Flame hovering in the Air like Stars and descend leisurely till the matter is spent that gives them light Red fiery Colour'd Stars How to make them Take in this Case half a Pound of Powder and double the quantity of Salt-peter as much fine flower of Brimstone as Powder wet them with fair Water and Oyl of Petrolum till they will stick together like Pellets then make them up somewhat less than the former and rowl them in sifted dry Powder then let them harden by drying in the Sun or Air and place them on a great Rocket as you did the other Stars and you will perceive them when the Rocket is at the height fall like Bodies or Globes of Fire in the manner as if real Stars were
shooting or falling from the Sky for by reason of their wetness or density they cannot expand into Flame which occasions them by the pressure of their weight to descend with greater Impetuosity till they waste and vanish into Air c. Another sort of Stars that give great Reports in the Air as if Armies were fighting Here you must observe to place six seven or eight small Rockets on the Head of a great one filled only with dry Powder but indifferently rammed and on the ends of them holes being prick'd through place any of the sorts of Stars or a mixture as your fancy leads you and when the small Rockets go off like Thunder in the Air the Stars will take fire so that the Noise will seem to the Spectators as if it proceeded from them because they will be seen on fire before the Sound of the Reports can be heard To make Paste-board Mortars for Balloons These stately Prospects of Fire are to be carried into the Air by the force of Powder by the help of Mortars and therefore the making of the Mortars are in the first place to be considered Take a Rowler of Wood about 12 Inches Diameter and three Foot and a half in Length wet strong Paste-board and rowl upon it as close as may be glewing the Paste-board between each Rowling then being about five Inches thick bind over it strong pitch'd Rope though indifferent small Then choak the Breech of it which must be beyond the length of the Rowler with a strong Cord pitch or glue it over that the Powder may not force its vent that way and so when the Mortar is well dry'd draw out the Rowler and make it as even as can be bore a Touch-hole two Inches from the Breech that it may enter into the hollow of the Mortar and set it by for use To make Balloons the rarity of Fire-works Take strong Paper or Paste-board rowl it on a 12 Inch Rowler near as thick as 't is long then with a strong small Cord choke it at one end only leaving a Port-fire which is a place to put in a Quill of Wild-fire that will last till being shot out of the Mortar it comes to its height then next to that put on an Ounce and a half of loose Powder and place in it as many small Rockets and Stars as it will hold so choak up the other end quite You may also put into it little quills of Wild-fire then being closed up only a Port-fire remaining which made of a Quill of Wild-fire as is said or Stopple to make which in the close of this Head I shall Instruct you Charge the Mortar being set Sloaping upwards with half a Pound of corn Powder and it will by giving fire at the priming holes send the Balloon up into the Air a prodigeous height and when it comes to the dry Powder that will break the Balloon and then the Stars and Rockets in it taking fire will scatter abroad in various curious Figures delightful to the Spectators and as they are Cunningly placed they will represent Crowns Cyphers Characters Dates of the Year c. The Airy or flying Saucisson How to make it This curious Fire-work must be made in the Composition matter for filling mostly of corned Powder putting before it when you fill the Cartoush or Case as much fine sifted Powder and Charcole as composed for the Rocket will carry it to its height leave a hole for the Port-fire in the choaking as big as a Goose-Quill will enter filling it with Dust-Powder and Charcole and so close up the open end by turning in the Paper or Paste-board corner-wise either glewing or waxing it down Paste-board Guns to cast the Saucissons into the Air How to make them To make these kind of Guns Take a Rowler some what less than for the Balloon Rowel on it your Paste-board and cord it over with strong Packthread making their Touch-holes at the bottom because they must be placed upright on a Plank or Board in a Row fixed into the Plank or Board in holes cut proportionable to them and lashed fast to Staples above and beneath with strong Cords and being charged with a quarter of a Pound of Powder fire by Match or otherways given to the Touch-hole underneath the Plank when the Saucisson is lightly put in with the Neck or Port-fire downward so that it may touch the Powder and this will serve for Use a considerable time Saucissons for the Earth or Water To make them Make your Cartoushes or Cases about 9 Inches long and an Inch in the Diameter of the Calliber by Rowling Paper or thin Paste-board on a woodden Rowler choak the ends only leaving at one end a passage to thrust in a Goose-Quill filled with Dust-Powder and Charcole well mixed at a Port-fire Glue them over or use small Cord glued or pitched to strengthen the Case that it burst not unseasonably by the force of the Composition with which you must fill them when you have choaked only at the Port-fire end the Composition being about 2 Inches the same as the former the rest corned Powder having primed and fixed them on a Plank in a Row about a foot distance lay a train of Stouple and they will fire gradually flying about on the Earth or the Water according as you place them giving reports like a Volley of Muskets This Stouple is useful for Trains and Port-fire is no more than Cotton-wool well dressed in water and Gun-powder dryed in the Sun or in a clean Swept warm Oven that it may come somewhat near Tinder but more swift and fiercer in its fire when it has Taken Fire-Boxes To make them Take a great Cartoush or Case made as for the Balloon croud it full of small Rockets or Serpents with the choaked part downward prime them with Stouple or Wild-fire fix it firm on a Pole make a priming Hole in the side towards the lower end and run in a Quill of fine beaten Powder and they will fly out the upper end being left open one by one as swift as may or if you scatter loose Powder they will fly out several together with a prodigeous Noise and breaking imitating a deal of Thunder Firey Lances How to make them These are usually for running on the Water making there a very pleasant Pass-time Their cartoush or Cases are made like the small Rocket with thin Paste-board glued and rowled up on a wooden Rowler about 9 Inches long If you would have it carry a long fiery Tail on the Water the Composition must be 2 Ounces of Charcole half a Pound of Brimstone half a Pound of Powder and half a Pound of Salt-peter or proportionable for so many as you make bruised finely and Sifted but if you would have it burn bright like a Torch put only four Ounces of Powder to the fore-named quantity of Brimstone and Salt-peter without any Charcole-dust tying to each Line a Rod in the same nature as to the Sky-Rocket but not of
too and from you at the breast and Tail of the Drake put into the Eyes Mouth and Tail of it Rockets so fixed that they cannot fly out as you may put Wild-fire Rowled up hard and long in Paper Then fire that in the Eyes and Mouth first and draw it with Pullies from one end of the Line to the other then that in the Tail and draw it back and it will seem as retreating from danger with fire coming out of the Belly of it A Burning Castle and Dragon on the Water Make the Dragon of Paste-board and Wicker as before The bottom of the Castle of Light Wood and the work of Paste-board with Paper Turrets and Battlements of a foot height in the Portal of the Castle fasten a Line that it may come level with the Water and therefore some part of the Castle must be under Water this Line must be fastened to the other side of the Water or in the Water if it be broad and admit not the former on a Pole or Stake knocked down and pass in a hollow Trunk through the Belly of a Dragon that being in the Castle may upon fireing the Rockets placed advantageously in the Tail Eyes and Mouth come out of the Castle and move on the Line to meet which you may at the other end of the Line in the same manner prepare a Neptune in a Chariot or riding on a Sea-horse with a burning Trident or a Whale with a Rocket or Wild-fire in his Mouth which if it ly low by spouting out will make the Water fly about as if it spouted Fire and Water out of its Mouth then by a Train fire some little Paste-board Guns in the Castle which if the Composition of the Train be made of Wild-fire or Stouple will go off by degrees and coming to a Train of Brimstone Rosin and Powder make the whole frame expire in a terrible blaze A Wheel of Fire-works to run backwards and forwards on the Ground Procure a pair of Wheels being of Light Wood like that of a Spinning Wheel fasten them on an Axel-tree and place Rockets round them as bands are fastened round a Wheel and so primed at Tail and Head that when one Expires the other may take fire half of them placed with their Heads and Tails the contrary way to the first So that when the first are spent and the Wheels have run on plain Ground a great way the other firing will turn them again and bring them to the place where they first set out A Fire that will burn in the Water or Water-ball Sow up a Case of Canvas like that of a Foot-ball but lesser pitch or glue it over Then take one Pound of Powder eight ounces of Roch-alom four ounces of live Sulphur two ounces of Camphire Linseed-oyl and that of Retrolum each an Ounce and half an ounce of Oyl of Spike with two ounces of Colophonium bruis'd and well mixed together and stuff the Ball hard with it with a Stick pitch or glue it over again binding it with Marline on Pitch on that leave two Vents or Port-fires set it on fire trundle it on the Water and it will burn under it The exactest Military Discipline for the Exercise of Foot and Horse as in Vse at this day at Home and Abroad in all the Words of Command c. TO be well disciplin'd and train'd up in Military Affairs has been the study and pride of all Warlike Nations whereby they have acquired to themselves Fame and Riches by being able to defend themselves against Invaders and gain Conquests Abroad but above all other for many hundred Years past the English have excelled in this being much helped by their natural Courage But since I only at this time intended to write to the Learner to train him up in his Exercise by which means his own Industry and Experience may lead him forth to greater matters I shall not enumerate the many brave Men who from mean Conditions have rais'd themselves by Arms to the highest pitch of Honour and Preferment but shew our Youth what they are to do and observe in their first Training as to the Words of Command to order their Arms in their various Postures with Dexterity And first of Foot Exercise I shall speak of the Pike because it is the most Ancient to Train which many who are now great Commanders have taken it as an Honour The Exercise of the Pike by word of Command c. 1. Pikes take Advance your Pikes To do this as the first thing required move in a direct Line with your Pike upward with your Left-hand near your Side your Right-hand almost as high as you can reach keeping your Left by a Depression as low as you can your Fingers being strait out and so raise the Pike till the Butt-end come to your Hand then place it between your Breast and Shoulder keeping the Butt-end close that it may be the more steady and upright 2. To the Front To do this put your Left-hand on your Pike even with the Top of your Shoulder keeping your Fingers strait and bring your Pike right before you with a swift Motion drawing your Right-heel into your Left-instep and so keep the Pike strait 3. Charge Here you must fall back with your Right-leg placing the Heel of your Left-foot against the middle of your Right and bring down your Pike with a quick Motion support it with your Left-Elbow and charge Breast high and upon yielding your Body forward bend your Left-knee to fix your self firmer holding the Butt end of your Pike in the Palm of your Right-hand your Left-Toe pointing in a Line with the Spear of the Pike your Feet set at a moderate distance Then bring it down somewhat beneath your Breast be cautious of clattering and when it is charged close it to your Breast 4. To the Right four times Here turn your Left-toe to the Right then make your Left-heel come up to your Right-instep with a sudden Motion Recovering your Pike strait before you and having turn'd fall back with your Right-leg and Charge as before 5. To the Right about Now by turning your Left-toe bring it to the Right about bringing up your Right-heel your Pike being recovered Charge with much swiftness 6. As you were To do this by turning to the Left about bring up your Left-toe so bringing your Pike recovered observe that your Left hand be never higher than your Mouth your Feet placed in order and when turn'd you must fall back with your Right-leg and Charge bringing your Pike strait up without any clattering 7. To the Left four times 8. To the Left about 9. As you were 10. Advance your Pike These must be done as has been shewed in the Right only making your Observation of Eight Left Motions c. And the better to do this bring your Right-heel to your Left-instep your Pike being before you fall out with your Right-foot and so bring your Pike to your Right-Thigh 11. Shoulder your
the Roots of his Ears or Lashing Assoon as you find he approaches the Haunt of the Partridge known by his Whining and willing but not daring to open speak and bid him Take heed If notwithstanding this he rush in and Spring the Partridge or opens and so they escape correct him severely Then cast him off to another Haunt of a Covy and if he mends his Error and you take any by drawing your Net over them swiftly reward him with the Heads Necks and Pinions As for the Water-Dog the instructions above for the Setter will serve only to fetch and bring by losing a Glove or the like keep a Strict Subjection in him and Observance to your Commands The longest Barrel is the best Fowling Piece Five and half or six foot long with an indifferent Bore under an Harquebuse and shooting with the Wind and side-ways or behind the Fowl not in their Faces is to be observed having your Dog in Command not to stir till you have shot A Stalking-Horse for shelter to avoid being seen by the shie Fowl is an old Jade trained on purpose but this being rare and troublesome have recourse to Art to take Canvas stuft and painted in the shape of a Horse grazing and so light that you may carry him on one hand not too big Others do make them in the shape of Ox Cow for Variety and Stag Trees c. The great Fowl or those who divide the Foot reside by shallow Rivers sides Brooks and Plashes of Water and in low and boggy places and sedgie Marish rotten Grounds They also delight in the dry parts of drowned Fens overgrown with long Reeds Rushes and Sedges as likewise in half Fens drowned Moors hollow Vales or Downs Heaths c. Where obscurely they may lurk under the Shelter of Hedges Hills Bushes c. The lesser or Web-footed Fowl always haunt drowned Fens as likewise the main streams of Rivers not subject to Freeze the deeper and broader the better tho' of these the Wild-Goose and Barnacle if they cannot sound the depth and reach the Ouze change their Residence for shallow places and delight in Green Winter Corn especially if the Lands ends have Water about them Small Fowl also frequent hugely little Brooks Ponds drowned Meadows Pastures Moors Plashes Meres Loughs and Lakes stored with unfrequented Islands Shrubs c. How to take all manner of Fowl or Birds For taking the first I mean the greater Fowl with Nets observe in general this Come two hours before their feeding hours Morning and Evening and Spreading your Net on the Ground smooth and flat stake the two lower ends firm and let the upper ends be extended on the long Cord of which the further end must be fastned to the Ground three Fathoms from the Net the Stake in a direct Line with the lower Verge of the Net the other ten or twelve fathom long have in your hand at the aforsaid distance and get some shelter of Art or Nature to keep you from the curious and shy Eye of the Game having your Net so ready that the least pull may do your work strew'd over with Grass as it lies to hide it A live Hern or some other Fowl lately taken according to what you seek for will be very requisite for a Stale And you will have sport from the Dawning till the Sun is about an hour high but no longer and from Sun-set till Twilight these being their feeding times For the small Water Fowl Observe the Evening is best before Sun set Stake down your Nets on each side the River half a foot within the Water the lower part so plumb'd as to sink no further the upper Slantwise shoaling against but not touching by two foot the water and the Strings which bear up this upper side fastned to small yielding sticks prickt in the Bank that as the Fowl strike may ply to the Nets to intangle them And thus lay your Nets as many as you please about twelve score one from another as the River or Brook will afford And doubt not your success To expedite it however a Gun Fired three or four times in the Fens and Plashes a good distance from your Nets will affright and Post them to your Snares and so do at the Rivers when you lay in the Fens Winter time is the most proper for taking all manner of Small Birds as flocking then promiscuosly together Larks Lennets Chaffinchee Goldfinches Yellow-Hammers c. with this Bird-lime Put to a quarter of a Pound of Birdlime an ounce of fresh Lard or Capons-grease and let it gently melt together over the Fire but not Boyl then take a quantitiy of Wheat-ears as you think your use shall require and cut the straw about a foot long besides the Ears and from the Ear lime the straw six Inches the warmer it is the less discernible it will be Then to the Field adjacent carrying a bag of Chaff and thresh'd Ears scatter them twenty Yards wide and stick the lim'd ears declining downwards here and there Then traverse the Fields disturb their Haunts and they wili repair to your Snare and pecking at the Ears finding they stick to them mount and the Lim'd straws lapping under their Wings dead their flight they cannot be disengaged but fall and be taken they must Do not go near them till they rise of their own accord and let not five or six entangled lead you to Spoil your Game and incur the loss of Five or Six dozen Lime-Twigs is another Expedient for taking of great Fowl being Rods that are long small strait and pliable the upper part apt to play to and fro being besmeared with Bird-lime warm Thus to be used Observe the Haunts of the Fowl have a Stale a living Fowl of the same kind you would take and cross pricking your Rods one into and another against the Wind sloping a foot distant one from the other pin down you Stale some distance from them tying some small string to him to pull and make him flutter to allure the Fowl down If any be caught do not run presently upon them their fluttering will encrease your Game A well taught Spaniel is not amiss to retake those that are entangled and yet flutter away Thus likewise for the Water consult the Rivers depth and let your Rods be proportionable what is Lim'd of them being above the Water and a Mallard c. as a Stale placed here and there as aforesaid You need not wait on them but three times a day visit them and see your Game if you miss any Rods therefore know their Number some Fowl entangled is got away with it into some Hole c. and here your Spaniel will be serviceable to find him For Small-birds a Lime-bush is best thus Cut down a great Bough of a Birch or Willow-tree trim it clean and Lime it handsomely within four Fingers of the bottom Place this Bush so ordered in some quick-set or dead Hedge in Spring time In Harvest or Summer in Groves
have at the same time a proper Bait on your Hook for such Fish as are in the place you Angle The Artificial Cod or Cad Bait. Make the Body of yellow Bees-wax and head of black Dubin and black Silk or you may make the Body of yellow washed Leather Shamey or Buff and the head all of black Silk and this is an Incomparable bait for Trout Salmon or Smelts and those that are natural are most Excellent baits for Trout Grayling Salmons Tench Roach Chub Dace Carp Tench Ruff Bream and Bleak but then you must Fish with it in clear Water only Rules and Considerations about Baits in general Fish in general take all such baits freely as nature at that season affords in or near the places where you Angle for being used to them they are not afraid of any deceit but take them as their common food And for flies in this case in a Morning or Evening when you go to Angle beat the bushes about the Rivers or Ponds and such Flies as you rouse there Fish with either Natural or imitate them by Art as also see what Worms or other Insects fit for baits stick on the Leaves Grass or are in the Water and in this Observation you cannot miss of good Sport and when you have struck gently the backway draw a little and be not too hasty to take up before the Fish has had her play and spent her strength lest she break your Tackle If your Fish be large you must use your Landing Net To take Fish in the Night with a Light This is an Admirable way to supply you with a sudden Dish viz. Take a Glass in the form of a Urinal very deep put as much Clay in the bottom of it as will sink the Mouth of it within an Inch of the Water floating on pieces of Cork tied about the Neck to keep it steadily upright then place a Candle in it by sticking it in the Clay-socket anointing the out side of the Glass with Oyl of Asper This Light will shine a great way in a still Water so that the Fish being amazed at so unusual a Sight will come out of their holes about it and be detained with the scent of the Oyl so long that with a Hoop-net you may take great store of them Flies proper for every Month. For February little red brow Palmer flies the Plain Hackle the Silver Hackle the Gold Hackle the great Dun the great blew Dun the dark brown For March the little whirling Dun the early bright Brown the whitish Dun the Thorn-tree fly the blue Dun the little black Gnat the little bright Brown For April the small bright Brown the little dark brown the great whirling Dun the Violet Fly the yellow Dun the Horse-flesh-fly For May the Dun-cout the Green-drake the Stone-fly the black May fly the little yellow May Fly the Gray-drake the Camlet fly the Turkey Fly the yellow Palmer the black-flat Fly the light-brown the little Dun the white Gnat the Peacock Fly the Cow-Lady the Cowturd-fly For June From the first to the 24th the Green Drake and Stone Fly the Owl fly the Barm fly the purple Hackle the purple Gold Hackle the flesh Fly the little flesh Fly the Peacock fly the Ant fly the brown Gnat the little black Gnat the Green-Grasshopper the Dun Grasshopper the Brown Hackle For July The Badger fly the Orange fly the little white Dun the Wasp fly the Black Hackle the Shell fly the black brown Dun. For August The late Ant fly the Fern fly the white Hackle the Harry-long-Legs For September The Cammel brown fly the late Badger fly For October The same Flies that were used in March The best time to Angle in 1. If in the hot Months cloudy Weather is best when a small Gale stirs the Water 2. When the Floods have carryed away the filth that sudden Showers Incumbered the Water withall and the River and Pond retains its usual bounds looking of a whitish Colour 3. When a violent Shower has troubled or muddied the River or a little before the Fish spawn at what time they come into the sandy Ground to loosen their Bellies 4. After Rains when the Rivers keep their bounds yet rise and run swiftly for then they seek shelter in Creeks and little Rivulets running into the River 5. Fish for Carp and Tench early that is before Sun rise till Eight in the Morning and from four in the Afternoon till after Sun set In March the beginning of April and the latter end of September and all Winter when there are no great Frosts the Fish bite in the warm of the day the wind being still but in Summer Months Morning and Evening is best 6. Fish rise best at the Fly after the shower has muddied or Clouded the Waters and Fish with Flies in generally March April May and the beginning of June is the best for Trout you may Angle in a clear star light Night for they are then roaving about for prey he bites best in muddy water and the best time of Fishing for him is from 8 to 10 in the Morning and from three till five in the Afternoon 7. The Salmon Fishery is best in May June July and August from three in the Afternoon till Sun set and in the Morning as before 8. The Barble bites best early in the Morning till Ten or Eleven in May June July and the beginning of August 9. The Pearch and Ruff bites best all day in cool Cloudy Weather 10. The Carp and Tench bite early and late in the still parts of the River June July and August as likewise do the Chevin whose chief bait is white Snails and small Lamperies 11. The Breem bites from Sun rise till nine or ten in the Morning in muddy Water especially the Wind blowing hard for the most part keeping in the Middle of the Pond or River in May June July and August 12. Angle for the Pike in clear Water when it is stirred by a gentle Gale in July August September and October and then he bites best about three in the Afternoon but all the day in Winter and in April May and the beginning of June early in the Morning and late at Evening 13. The Roach and Dace bite all the day long at the Top of the Water at flies natural and Arteficial also at Grass-hoppers and all sorts of Worms if the Water be shady 14. The Gudgeon bites best in April till she has Spawned in May or if the Weather be cold till Wasp time and at the end of the year all day long near to a gentle Stream Observe when you Angle for her to stir and rake the Ground and the Bait will be taken the better 15. The Flounder in April bites all day May June and July especially in swift Streams yet he will bite tho' not so freely in a still Deep Of Fish-ponds Grounds most fit and proper to be cast into a Pond are those which are Marshy or Boggy or full of Springs unfit for Grazing or to be put to any profitable use besides Of these the last full of Springs will yield the best Water that which is Marshy will feed Fish and what is Boggy is best for a Defence against Thieves First draw by small Trenches all the Springs into one place and so drain the rest of the Ground then mark out the Head of your Pond and make it the highest part of the ground in the Eye tho' it be the lowest in a Level Cut the Trench of your Flood-gate so that when the Water is let out it may have a swift fall On each side of which Trench drive in stakes of Oak Ash or Elm six foot long and six Inches square place these in Rows near four foot distance as broad and wide from the Floodgate as you intend the Head of your Pond shall go Dig it in as big and large a Compass as the Ground will permit throw your Earth amongst the said stakes and ram it down hard till you have covered the stakes Drive in as many new ones next the first stakes and ram more Earth above them with stakes above stakes till the head-sides be of a convenient heigth Taking care that the inside of your Banks be smooth even hard and strong that the Current of the Water may not wear off the Earth Having thus digged eight foot deep that so it may carry six foot Water pave the bottom and Banks of the Pond with Sods of Flot-Grass laying them closs together pin them down with stakes and windings This Grass is a great feeder of Fish and grows naturally under Water Stake to the bottom of one side of the Pond Bavens and Brush-Wood-Faggots into which the Fish may cast their spawn Lay Sods upon Sods to nourish and breed Eels The Pond being made let in Water and thus store it Put Carp Bream and Tench by themselves Pike Pearch Eel and Tench the Fishes Physician by themselves for Food of the greater Fishes put store of Roach Dace Loach and Menow and Lastly to one Melter put three Spawners and in three Years the increase will be great and in five Years with difficulty be destroyed In 3 Years Sue your Pond which you must continue to do for the Roach will increase in such abundance that eating up the sweet food will make other Fish as Carps c. be very lean Therefore every Year view your Pond and observe if any such Fry appears thin them To make Carps grow large c. About April when your Pond is low rake the sides where the Water is fallen with an Iron rake sow Hay-seeds there rake it well and at the end of Summer you shall have store of Grass In Winter the Water will over-top the Grass and being Water enough for them the Carps will resort to the sides and feed briskly and grow fat Thus do every Summer till you sue your Pond and no River Carp can surpass them FINIS