will be a great dissipation of the vapours and venenate spitits by infensible transpiration for the Lues venerea by the onely communication of these often times catcheth hold and propagates it selfe in lying with a bedfellow tainted therewith But as it is requisite to have let blood and purged the body by the advise of a physitian before the taking of the decoction of Guajacum so whilest hee doth take it it much conduceth to keepe the belly soluble which is much bound by the heat drinesse of such a drink and to preserve the purity of the first veines by a glyster or laxative medicine taken every fifth or sixt day But for the use of it we must warily observe taking indication not onely from the malignity and contumacy of the disease but also from the particular nature of the patient for such as have their body wasted by heat and leanenesse and their skinne dry and scaily whence you may gather a great adustion of the humours and as it were a certaine incineration of the habit of the body must more sparingly make use of these things but rather temper the body by humecting things taken inwardly and applyed outwardly as bathes ointments without quicksilver and other such like things And then a very weake decoction of Guajacum shall bee used for a few dayes before your unction with Quicke-silver A more plentifull diet as it drawes forth the disease which of its owne nature is long so a more sparing and slender diet makes the ulcers more rebellious and contumacious by a hecticke drinesse Therefore a middle course must be kept and meats made choice of which are fit and naturally engender good and laudible juice in the body For it is not only great ignorance but much more cruelty to goe about to conteine all patients without any difference within the strait allowance of four ounces of Ship-bisket and twelve damaske prunes for I judge it farre better to diet the patient with Lambe Veale Kid Pullets fat Larkes and Blacke-birds as those which have a farre greater familiarity with our bodies than Prunes and the like Junkets Let his bread bee made of white wheat well leavened neither too new or tough neither too old or hard Let his drinke be made of the masse or strainings of the first decoction of Guajacum boiled with more water as was formerly mentioned yet if there arise any great weakenesse of the faculties you may permit the use of some little wine drinking especially before each mealea cup of the last mentioned decoction Let him avoyd sleepe presently after meat for so the head is filled with grosse vapoures Passions or perturbations of the mind must also be avoyded for that by these the spirits are inflamed and dissipated all delights of honest pleasure are to be desired but venety wholly avoyded as that which weakens all the nervous parts Many in stead of a decoction of Guajacum use a decoction of China Now this China is the roote of a certain rush knotty rare heavie when it is fresh but light when it is waxed old it is also without smell whence many judge it voyd of any effectuall quality it is brought into use out of India it is thus prepared it is cut into thin round slices boyld in fountaine or river water and is given to patients to drink morning and evening after this manner â„ž rad chin in taleol sect â„¥ ii aquoe font lb xii infundantur per hor. xii coquantur ad consumption tertiae partis Let him take â„¥ vi in the morning and so much at night let him expect a sweat in his bed a second decoction may be made of the masse remaining of the first but with a lesse quantity of water put thereto which also by longer boyling may draw forth the strength remaining in the masse be used at meals for ordinary drink There are some who make a third decoction therof buthat is wholy unprofitable and unusefull Sarsaparilla is prepared also just after the same manner CHAP. IX Of the second manner of curing the Lues venerea which is performed by friction or unction THe cure of the Lues venerea which is performed by unction and friction is more certaine yet not in every kinde condition and season thereof For if the disease bee inveterate from an humour tough grosse viscous and more tenaciously fixed inthe solid parts as you may gather by the knotty tumours of the bones for then we are so farre from doing any good with a friction used at the first that on the contrary wee bring the patient in danger of his life unlesse we shall have first prepared the humour to expulsion by emollient digesting things first used But if it be lately taken with moveable paines pustles and ulcers in the jawes throate and privie parts then may it be easily cured without such preparatives especially if the humour be sufficiently obedient and as it were prepared of it selfe and its owne nature Therefore first using generall medicines you may afterwards come to use the unction with Hydrargyrum CHAP. X. Of the choice preparation and mixing of Hydrargyrum HYdrargum which is cleere thinne white and fluide is the best on the contrary that which is livid and not so fluide is thought to be adulterated by the admixture of some lead That it may be the purer straine it through some sheepes leather for by pressing it when it is bound up it passeth through by its subtlety and leaves the filth and leaden drosse behinde it on the inside Then it may be boyled in vinegar with sage rosemary time chamomile melilote and strained againe that so many waies cleansed it may enter into ointments and plaisters To kill it more surely it shall bee long wrought and as it were ground in a mortar that it may bee broken and separated into most small particles thatby this meanes it may not bee able to gather it selfe into the former body to which purpose you may also adde some sulphur or sublimate as we shall shew hereafter It is most usually mixed with hogs grease adding thereto some oyle of turpentine nutmegs cloves sage and Galens treacle If a Leucophlegmatia together with the Lues venerea affect the body then hot attenuating cutting and drying things shall be added to the medicine which shall be provided for unction the same shall be done when as we would have it to enter into the substance of the bones But if the patient be of a cholericke temper and his blood easie to be inflamed you shall make choice of lesse hot attractive and discussing things As when the body shall be replenished with knotty and scirrhous tumours or squalide by excessive drynesse then shall emollient and humecting things bee mixed therewith But that such ointments may have a better consistence I use to adde to each pound thereof four five or sixe yolkes of hard egges Therefore this shall be the forme of the ointment called Vigoes
doe stirreup the appetite resist the venemous quality and putrefaction of the humours restraine the heat of the Feaver and prohibit the corruption of the meates in the stomacke Although that those that have a more weake stomacke and are endued with a more exact sense and are subject to the Cough and diseases of the Lungs must not use these unlesse they be mixed with Sugar and Cynamon If the patient at any time be fed with sodden meats let the brothes be made with Lettuce Purslaine Succory Borage Sorrell Hops Buglosse Cresses Burnet Marigolds Chervill the cooling Seeds french Barly and Oatmeale with a little Saffron for Saffron doth engender many spirits and resisteth poyson To these opening roots may be added for to avoid obstruction yet much broath must be refused by reason of moisture The fruit of Capers eaten in the beginning of the Meale provoke the appetite and prohibit obstructions but they ought not to bee seasoned with over-much Oyle and Salt they may also with good successe bee put into Broaths Fishes are altogether to be avoyded because they soon corrupt in the Stomack but if the patient be delighted with them those that live in stony places must be chosen that is to say those that live in pure and sandy water about rocks and stones as are Trouts Pikes Pearches Gudgions and Cravises boyled in milk Wilks and such like And concerning Sea-fish he may be fed with Giltheads Gurnarts with all the kinds of Cod-fish Whitings not seasoned with salt and Turbuts Egges potched and eaten with the juice of Sorrell are very good Likewise Barly water seasoned with the graines of a tart Pomegranate and if the Feaver be vehement with the seeds of white Poppy Such Barly water is easie to be concocted and digested it cleanseth greatly and moistens and mollifieth the belly But in some it procures an appetite to vomit and paine of the head and those must abstaine from it But instead of barly water they may use pap and bread crummed in the decoction of a Capon For the second course let him have raisons of the Sunne newly sodden in Rose water with Sugar soure Damaske Prunes tart Cherries Pippins and Katharine Peares And in the latter end of the Meale Quinces roasted in the Embers Marmelate of Quinces and conserves of Buglosse or of Roses and such like may be taken or else this pouder following Take of Coriander seeds prepared two drams of Pearle Rose leaves shavings of Hatts-horne and Ivory of each halfe a dram of Amber two scruples of Cinamon one scruple of Unicornes horne and the bone in a Stagges heart of each half a scruple of Sugar of Roses foure ounces Make thereof a pouder and use it after meats If the patient be somewhat weake he must be fed with Gelly made of the flesh of a Capon and Veale sodden together in the water of Sorrell Carduus benedictus with a little quantity of Rose vinegar Cynamon Sugar and other such like as the present necessity shall seeme to require In the night season for all events and mischances the patient must have ready prepared broath of meats of good digestion with a little of the juice of Citrons or Pomegranates This restaurative that followeth may serve for all Take of the conserve of Buglosse Borage Violets Water-lillies and Succory of each two ounces of the pouder of the Electuary Diamargaritum Frigidum of the Trochisces of Camphire of each three drams of Citron seeds Carduus seeds Sorrell seeds the rootes of Diptamnus Tormentill of each two drammes of the broath of a young Capon made with Lettuce Purslaine Buglosse and Borage boiled in it sixe pints put them in a Lembecke of glasse with the flesh of two Pullets of so many Partridges and with fifteene leaves of pure gold make thereof a destillation over a soft fire Then take of the distilled liquor half a pint straine it through a woollen bagge with two ounces of white Sugar and halfe a dram of Cynamon let the patient use this when he is thirstie Or else put the flesh of one old Capon and of a legge of Veale two minced Partridges and two drammes of whole Cinamon without any liquor in a lembâ—â—ke of glasse well luted and covered and so let them boile in Balneo Mariae unto the perfect concoction For so the fleshes will bee boiled in their owne juice without any hurt of the fire then let the juice bee pressed out therehence with a presse give the patient for every dose one ounce of the juice with some cordiall waters some Trisantalum and Diamargaritum frigidum The preserves of sweet fruits are to bee avoided because that sweet things turne into choler but the confection of tart prunes Cherries and such like may bee fitly used But because there is no kinde of sickenesse that so weakens the strength as the plague it is alwaies necessary but yet sparingly and often to feed the patient still having respect unto his custome age the region and the time for through emptinesse there is great danger lest that the venemous matter that is driven out to the superficiall parts of the body should be called backe into the inward parts by an hungrie stomacke and the stomacke it selfe should beefilled with cholericke hot thin and sharp excrementall humours whereof commeth biting of the stomack and gripings in the guts CHAP. XXI What drinke the Patient infected ought to use IF the feaver be great and burning the patient must abstain from wine unlesse that he be subject to swouning and he may drinke the Oxymel following in stread thereof Take of faire water three quarts wherein boyle foure ounces of hony untill the third part bee consumed scumming it continually then strain it and put it into a cleane vessell and adde thereto four ounces of vinegar and as much cinamon as will suffice to give it a tast Or else a sugred water as followeth Take two quarts of faire water of hard sugar sixe ounces of cinamon two ounces strain it through a woollen bagge or cloth without any boiling and when the patient will use it put thereto a little of the juice of Citrons The syrupe of the juice of Citrons excelleth amongst all others that are used against the pestilence The use of the Julep following is also very wholsome Take of the juice of Sorrell well clarified halfe a pint of the juice of Lettuce so clarified foure ounces of the best hard sugar one pound boile them together to a perfection let them bee strained and clarified adding a little before the end a little vinegar let it be used betweene meales with boyled water or with equall portions of the water of Sorrell Lettuce Scabious and Buglosse or take of this former described Julep strained and clarified foure ounces let it be mixed with one pound of the forenamed cordiall waters and boile them together a little And when they are taken from the fire put thereto of yellow Sanders one dram of beaten Cinamon halfe a
dram strain it through a cloth when it is cold let it be given the patient to drink with the juice of Citrons Those that have accustomed to drink Sider Perry Beer or Ale ought to use that drink still so that it be clear transparent and thin and made of those fruits that are somwhat tart for troubled dreggish drink doth not only engender grosse humors but also crudities windiness and obstructions of the first region of the body whereof comes a feaver Oxycrate being given in manner following doth asswage the heat of the feaver and represse the putrefaction of the humours and the fiercenesse of the venome and also expelleth the water through the veines if so bee that the patients are not troubled with spitting of blood cough yexing and altogether weake of stomacke for such must avoyd all tart things Take of faire water one quart of white or red vinegar three ounces of fine Sugar foure ounces of syrup of Roses two ounces boile them a little and then give the patient there of to drinke Or take of the juice of Lemmons Citrons of each halfe an ounce of juice of soure Pomegranates two ounces of the water of Sorrell and Roses of each one ounce of faire water boyled as much as shall suffice make thereof a Julep and use it betweene meales Or take of Sirupe of Lemmons and of red Currance of each one ounce of the water of lillies foure ounces of faire water boyled halfe a pinte make thereof a Julep Ortake of the syrups of water Lillies and vinegar of each half an ounce dissolve it in five ounces of the water of Sorrell of faire water one pinte make thereof a Julep But if the patient be young and have a strong and good stomacke and cholericke by nature I thinke it not unmeet for him to drinke a full and large draught of fountaine water cold for that is effectuall to restraine and quench the heat of the Feaver and contrariwise they that drinke cold water often and a very small quantity at a time as the Smith doth sprinkle water on the fire at his Forge doe encrease the heat and burning and thereby make it endure the longer Therfore by the judgment of Celsus when the disease is in the chiefe encrease and the patient hath endured thirst for the space of three or four daies cold water must be given unto him in great quantity so that he may drink past his satiety that when his belly and stomacke are filled beyond measure and sufficiently cooled he may vomit Some doe not drinke so much thereof as may cause them to vomit but do drinke even unto satiety and so use it for a cooling medicine but when either of these is done the patient must bee covered with many cloaths and so placed that hee may sleepe and for the most part after long thirst and watching and after long fulnesse and long and great heat sound sleep commeth by which great sweat is sent out and that is a present helpe But thirst must sometimes be quenched with little pieces of Melons Gourds Cucumbers with the leaves of Lettuce Sorrell and Purslaine made moist or soked in cold water or with a little square piece of a Citron Lemmon or Orange macerated in Rose water sprinkled with Sugar and so held in the mouth and then changed But if the patient be aged his strength weak flegmatick by nature given to wine when the state of the Feaver is somewhat past and the chiefe heat beginning to asswage he may drink wine very much allayed at his meat for to restore his strength and to supply the want of the wasted spirits The patient ought not by any meanes to suffer great thirst but must mitigate it by drinking or else allay it by washing his mouth with oxycrate and such like and he may therein also wash his hands and his face for that doth recreate the strength If the fluxe or lask trouble him he may very well use to drinke steeled water and also boyled milke wherein many stones comming red hot out of the fire have beene many times quenched For the drynesse and roughnesse of the mouth it is very good to have a cooling moistening and lenifying lotion of the mucilaginous water of the infusion of the leeds of Quinces psilium id est Flea-wort adding thereto a little Camphire with the Water of Plantain and Roses then cleanse and wipe out the filth and then moisten the mouth by holding therein a little oile of sweete Almonds mixed with a little syrupe of Violets If the roughnesse breed or degenerate into Ulcers they must be touched with the water of the infusion of sublimate or Aqua fortis But because wee have formerly made frequent mention of drinking of water I have here thought good to speake somewhat of the choice and goodnesse of waters The choice of waters is not to be neglected because a great part of our diet depends thereon for besides that we use it either alone or mixed with wine for drink we also knead bread boile meat and make broaths therewith Many thinke that rain water which falls in summer and is kept in a cisterne well placed and made is the wholesomest of all Then next thereto they judge that spring water which runnes out of the tops of mountaines through rocks cliffes and stones in the third place they put Well water or that which riseth from the foots of hils Also the river water is good that is taken out of the midst or streame Lake or pond water is the worst especially if it stand still for such is fruitfull of and stored with many venemous creatures as Snakes Toads and the like That which comes by the melting of Snow and Ice is very ill by reason of the too refrigerating faculty and earthy nature But of spring and well waters these are to be judged the best which are insipide without smell colour such as are cleare warmish in winter and cold in summer which are quickly hot and quickly cold that is which are most light in which all manner pulse turneps and the like are easily and quickly boyled Lastly when as such as usually drink thereof have cleer voices and shrill their chests sound and a lively and fresh colour in their faces CHAP. XXII Of Antidotes to bee used in the Plague NOw we must treate of the proper cure of this disease which must bee used as soone as may be possible because this kinde of poyson in swiftnesse exceedeth the celerity of the medicine Therefore it is better to erre in this that you should think every disease to bee pestilent in a pestilent season and to cure it as the Pestilence because that so long as the Ayre is polluted with the seeds of the Pestilence the humours in the body are soone infected with the vicinity of such an ayre so that then there happeneth no disease voyd of the Pestilence that is to say which is not pestilent
growne unto its full ripenesse and bignesse but if presently after the beginning there bee great inflammation with sharpe paine as it often happeneth especially when the abscesses be of the kinde of Carbuncles wee must abstaine from those remedies that are hot and attractive and also from those that are very emplasticke and clammy because they doe altogether close the pores of the skin or because they resolve the thinner part of the collected matter which if it might remain would bring the other sooner to suppuration or else because they may perchance draw more quantity of the hot matter than the part can beare whereof commeth rather corruption than maturation and last of all because they encrease the feaver and pain which inferreth danger of a convulsion or mortall Gangrene Therefore in such a case it is best to use cold and temperate locall medicines as the leaves of Henbane and Sorrell roasted under the coales Galens pultis and such like There are many that for feare of death have with their owne hands pulled away the Bubo with a paire of Smithes Pincers others have digged the flesh round about it and so gotten it wholly out And to conclude others have become so mad that they have thrust an hot iron into it with their owne hand that the venome might have a passage forth of all which I doe not allow one for such abscesses doe not come from without as the bitings of virulent beasts but from within and moreover because pain is by these means encreased and the humour is made more maligne and fierce Therefore I think it sufficient to use medicines that relaxe open the pores of the skinne and digest portion of the venome by transpiration as are these that follow Take the roots of Marsh-mallowes and Lillies of each sixe ounces of Chamomill and Melilote flowers of each halfe a handfull of Linseeds halfe an ounce of the leaves of Rue halfe a handfull boyle them and straine them dip sponges in the straining and therewith let the tumour bee fomented a long time Or Take the crum of hot bread and sprinkle it with treacle-Treacle-water or with aqua vitae and Cowes milk or Goates milke and the yolks of three egges put them all one stupes or flaxe and apply them warme unto the place Or Take of soure Rie leaven foure ounces of Basilicon two ounces three yolkes of egges oyle of Lillies two ounces Treacle one dram let it be received on stupes and applyed in like manner Or Take of Diachylon and Basilicon of each two ounces oyle of Lillies one ounce and an halfe let them be melted and mixed together and let it be applyed as is abovesaid When you see feele and know according to reason that the Bubo is come to perfect suppuration it must be opened with an incision knife or an actuall or potentiall Cautery but it is best to be done with a potentiall Cautery unlesse that happely there be great inflammation because it doth draw the venome from beneath unto the superficiall parts and maketh a larger orifice for the matter that is contained therein neither must it be looked for that nature should open it of her selfe for then it were danger that lest while nature doth worke slowly a venemous vapour should bee stirred up which striking the heart by the arteries the braine by the nerves and the liver by the veines should cause a new increase of the venemous infection For feare whereof there be some that will not expect the perfect maturation and suppuration but as it were in the midst of the crudity and maturity will make an orifice for it to passe forth at yet if it be done before the tumour be at his perfect maturity paine a Feaver and all accidents are stirred up and enraged whereof commeth a maligne ulcer that often degenerats into a Gangrene For the most part about the tenth or eleventh day the work of suppuration seemeth perfected and finished but it may be sooner or later by reason of the application of medicines the condition of the matter and state of the part when the matter commeth forth you must yet use suppurative and mollifying medicines to maturate the remains thereof in the mean while cleansing the ulcer by putting mundificatives into it as we shall declare in the cure of Carbuncles But if the tumour seeme to sinke in or hide it selfe again it must be revoked and procured to come forth againe by applying of Cupping-glasses with scarification and with sharpe medicines yea and with Cauteries both actuall and potentiall When the Cauteries are applyed it shall be very good to apply a vesicatory a little below it that there may be some passage open for the venome while the Eschar is in falling away For so they that are troubled with the French Pocks so long as they have open and flowing ulcers so long are they voyd of any paine that is worth the speaking of which ulcers being closed and cicatrized they doe presently complain of great paine If you suspect that the Bubo is more maligne by reason that it is of a greene or blacke and inflamed colour as are those that come of a melancholy humour by adustion turned into a grosse and rebellious melancholy humour so that by the more copious influxe thereof into the part there is danger of a gangrene and mortification then the places about the abscesse must bee armed with repercussives but not the abscesse it selfe and this may be the forme of the repercussives Take of the juice of house-leeke Purslaine Sorrell Night-shade of each two ounces of Vinegar one ounce the whites of three egges of oyle of Roses and water-Lillies of each two ounces and a halfe stirre them together and apply it about the Bubo and renew it often or boyle a Pomgranate in vinegar beat it with Unguentum Rosatum or Populeon newly made and apply it as is aforesaid If these things doe not stop the influxe of other humours the abscesse it selfe and the places about it must bee scarified round about if the part will permit it that the part exonerated of portion of the venome may not stand in danger of the extinction of the proper and naturall heat by the greater quantity and malignity of the humours that flow unto it In scarrifying you must have care of the great vessels for feare of an irrepugnable fluxe of bloud which in this case is very hard to bee stayed or resisted both because the part it selfe is greatly inflamed and the humour very fierce for the expulsion whereof nature carefull for the preservation of the part and all the body besides seemeth to labour and worke But yet you must suffer so much of the bloud humour to flow out as the patient is able to abide without the losse of his strength Moreover you may spend forth the superfluous portion of the malignity with relaxing mollifying and resolving fomentations as Take the roots of Marsh-Mallowes Lillies and Elicampaine of each one
parts Therefore what things soever resolve relaxe or burst the ligaments or bands whereby the wombe is tyed are supposed to be the causes of this accident It sometimes happens by vehement labour or travell in childe-birth when the wombe with violence excluding the issue and the secundines also followes and falls downe turning the inner side thereof outward And sometimes the foolish rashnesse of the midwife when shee draweth away the wombe with the infant or with the secundine cleaving fast thereunto and so drawing it downe and turning the inner side outward Furthermore a heavie bearing of the womb the bearing or the carriage of a great burthen holding or stretching of the hands or body upwards in the time of greatnesse with childe a fall contusion shaking or jogling by riding either in a waggon or a coach or on horse backe or by leaping or dancing the falling downe of a more large and abundant humor great griping a strong and continuall cough a Tenesmus or often desire to go to stoole yet not voiding any thing neesing a manifold and great birth difficult bearing of the wombe an astmaticall and orthopnoicall difficulty of breathing whatsoever doth waightily presse downe the Diaphragma or Midriffe or the muscles of the Epigastrium the taking of cold aire in the time of travell with childe or in the flowing of the menstruall fluxe sitting on a cold marble stone or any other such like cold thing are thought often times to bee the occasion of these accidents because they may bring the wombe out of its place It falls downe in many saith Aristotle by reason of the desire of copulation that they have either by reason of the lustinesse of their youth or else because they have abstained a long time from it You may know that the wombe is fallen downe by the pain of those parts where-hence it is fallen that is to say by the entrals loynes os sacrum and by a tractable tumour at the necke of the wombe and often with a visible hanging out of a diverse greatnesse according to the quantity that is fallen downe It is seene sometimes like unto a piece of red flesh hanging out at the necke of the wombe of the bignesse and forme of a Goose egge if the woman stand upright shee feeleth the weight to ly on her privie parts but if she sit or ly then she perceiveth it on her back or goe to the stoole the straight gut called intestinum rectum will bee pressed or loaden as it were with a burthen if shee lye on her belly then her urine will bee stopped so that shee shall feare to use copulation with a man When the wombe is newly relaxed in a young woman it may bee soone cured but if it hath beene long downe in an old woman it is not to bee helped If the palsie of the ligaments thereof have occasioned the falling it scarce admits of cure but if it fall downe by meanes of putrefaction it cannot possibly be cured If a great quantity thereof hang out betweene the thighes it can hardly be cured but it is corrupted by taking the ayre and by the falling downe of the urine and filth and by the motions of the thighs in going it is ulcerated and so putrefies I remember that once I cured a young woman who had her wombe hanging out at her privie parts as big as an egge and I did so well performe and perfect the cure thereof that afterwards she conceived and bare children many times and her womb never fell downe CHAP. XLI The cure of the falling downe of the Wombe BY this word falling downe of the wombe we understand every motion of the womb out of its place or seat therefore if the wombe ascend upwards wee must use the same medicines as in the strangulation of the wombe If it bee turned towards either side it must bee restored and drawne backe to its right place by applying and using cupping glasses But if it descend and fall downe into its owne neck but yet not in great quantity the woman must be placed so that her buttockes may be very high and her legs acrosse then cupping glasses must bee applied to her navell and Hypogastrium and when the wombe is so brought into its place injections that binde and dry strongly must bee injected into the necke of the wombe stinking fumigations must bee used unto the privie parts and sweetthings used to the mouth and nose But if the wombe hang downe in great quantity betweene the thighes it must be cured by placing the woman after another sort and by using other kinde of medicines First of all shee must bee so layed on her backe her buttockes and thighes so lifted up and her legges so drawne backe as when the childe or secundine are to bee taken or drawne from her then the necke of the wombe and whatsoever hangeth out thereat must be anointed with oile of lillies fresh butter capons grease and such like then it must be thrust gently with the fingers up into its place the sick or pained woman in the mean time helping or furthering the endeavour by drawing in of her breath as if she did suppe drawing up as it were that which is fallen downe After that the wombe is restored unto its place whatsoever is filled with the ointment must be wiped with a soft and cleane cloth lest that by the slipperinesse thereof the wombe should fall downe againe the genitalls must bee fomented with an astringent decoction made with pomegranate pills cypresse nuts galles roach allome horse-taile sumach berberies boiled in the water wherein Smithes quench their irons of these materialls make a powder wherewith let those places be sprinkled let a pessary of a competent bignesse be put in at the necke of the wombe but let it bee eight or nine fingers in length according to the proportion of the grieved patients body Let them bee made either with latin or of corke covered with waxe of an ovall forme having a thred at one end whereby they may bee drawne backe againe as need requires The formes of ovall pessaries A. sheweth the body of the Pessary B. sheweth the thread wherewith it must be tyed to the thigh When all this is done let the sicke woman keep her selfe quiet in her bed with her buttocks lying very high and her legs acrosse for the space of eight or ten daies in the meane while the application of cupping glasses will stay the wombe in the right place and seat after it is restored thereunto but if shee hath taken any hurt by cold aire let the privie parts be fomented with a discussing and heating fomentation on this wise â„ž fol. alih salâ—v lavend. rorismar artemis flor chamoem melilotâ—… m ss sem anis foenugr an â„¥ i. let them bee all well boyled in water and wine and make thereof a decoction for your use Give her also glysters that when the guts are emptied of the excrements the womb may the
callous bunch or knot having a thin or slender root and a greater head like unto the knot of a rope hanging by a small thread it is called of the Arabians verrucâ— botoralis There is also another kinde of wart which because of his great roughnesse and unequality is called thymus as resembling the flower of Thyme All such diseases are exasperated and made more grievous by any exercise especially by venereous acts many times they have a certaine malignity and an hidden virulency joyned with them by occasion whereof they are aggravated even by touching onely because they have their matter of a raging humour therefore to these we may not rightly use a true but onely the palliative cure as they terme it the Latines call them onely ficus but the French men name them with an adjunct St. Fiacrius figges CHAP. LXII Of the cure of the Warts that are in the necke of the wombe THe warts that grow in the necke of the wombe if they bee not maligne are to bee tyed with a thread and so cut ofâ— Those that lye hid more deep in the wombe may be seene and cured by opening the matrix with a dilater made for the purpose Divers Specula matricis or Dilators for the inspection of the matrix An other forme of a dilater or Speculum matricis whereof the declaration followeth A. sheweth the screw which shutteth and openeth the dilater of the matrix B. B. shew the armes or branches of the instrument which ought to be eight or nine fingers long But these dilaters of the matrix ought to be of a bignesse correspondent to the patients body let them be put into the matrix when the woman is placed as wee have said when the child is to be drawne out of her body That instrument is most meet to tye the warts which wee have described in the relaxation of the palate or Uvula let them bee tyed harder and harder every day untill they fall away Therefore for the curing of warts there are three chiefe scopes as bands sections cauteries and lest they grow up againe let oyle of vitrioll be dropped on the place or aqua fortis or some of the lye wherewith potentiall cauteries are made This water following is most effectuall to consume and waste warts â„ž aq plantag â„¥ vi virid aeris Ê’ii alum roch Ê’iii sal com â„¥ ss vit rom sublim an Ê’ss beat them all together and boile them let one or two drops of this water be dropped on the grieved place not touching any place else but if there be an ulcer it must be cured as I have shewed before A certain man studious of physick of late affirmed to me that oxe dung tempered with the leaves or powder of savine would waste the warts of the wombe if it were applied thereto warme which whether it be true or not let experience the mistresse of things be â—udge verily cantharides put into unguents will doe it and as it is likely more effectually for they will consume the callousnesse which groweth betweene the toes or fingers I have proved by experience that the warts that grow on the hands may be cured by applying of purslain beaten or stampt in its own juice The leaves and flowers of marigolds doe certainely performe the selfe same thing CHAP. LXIII Of chaps and those wrinkled and hard excrescences which the greeks call Condylomata CHapps or fissures are cleft and very long little ulcers with paine very sharpe and burning by reason of the biting of an acride salt and dryâ—ng humour making so great a contraction and often times narrownesse in the fundament and the necke of the wombe that scarcely the â—oppe of ones finger may be put into the orifice thereof like unto pieces of leaâ—â—er or parchment which are wrinkled and parched by holding of them to the fire They rise sometimes in the mouth so that the patient can neither speake eat nor open his mouth so that the Chirurgian is constrained to cut it In the cure thereof all sharpe things are to be avoided and those which mollifie are to be used and the grieved part or place is to be moistened with fomentations liniments cataplasmes emplasters and if the malady bee in the wombe a dilater of the matrix or pessary must be put thereinto very often so to widen that which is over hard too much drawn together or narrow and then the cleft little ulcers must be cicatrized Condylomata are certaine wrinkled and hard bunches and as it were excrescences of flesh rising especially in the wrinkled edges of the fundament and neck of the womb Cooling and relaxing medicines ought to be used against this disease such as are oile of egges and oyle of linseed take of each of them two ounces beat them together a long time in a leaden mortar and therewith anoint the grieved part but if there be an inflammation put thereto a little camphire CHAP. LXIV Of the itching of the wombe IN women especially such as are old there often times commeth an itching in the neck of the wombe which doth so trouble them with pain and a desire to scratch that it taketh away their sleep Not long since a woman asked my counsell that was so troubled with this kind of malady that she was constrained to extinguish or stay the itching burning of her secret parts by sprinkling cinders of fire and rubbing them hard on the place I counselled her to take aegypt dissolved in sea-sea-water or lye inject it into her secret parts with a syringe and to wet stupes of flaxe in the same medicine and put them up into the wombe and so she was cured Many times this itch commeth in the fundament or testicles of aged men by reason of the gathering together or confluxe of salt flagme which when it falleth into the eyes it causeth the patient to have much adoe to refraine scratching when this matter hath dispersed it selfe into the whole habite of the body it causeth a burning or itching scabbe which must be cured by a cooling and a moistening diet by phlebotomy and purging of the salt humour by bathes and hornes applied with scarification and anointing of the whole body with the unction following â„ž axung porcin recent lb i ss sap nig vel gallici salis nitri assat tartar staphisag an â„¥ ss sulph viv â„¥ i. argent viv â„¥ ii acet ros quart i. in conporate them all together and make thereof a liniment according to art and use 〈◊〉 is said before unguentum enulatum cum mercurio is thought to have great force not without desert to asswage the itch and dry the scab Some use this that followeth â„ž alum spum nitr sulph viv an Ê’ vi staphis â„¥ i. let them all be dissolved in viâ—…gar of roses adding thereto butyr recent q. s make thereof a liniment for the forenamed use CHAP. LXV Of the relaxation of the great gut or
which is distilled for the first daies is troubled and stinking but these passed it becommeth cleare and well smelling Some boile bran in vinegar and the water of water lillies and in this decoction they dissolve of sulphur and camphire a fit proportion to the quantity of the decoction and they apply cloaths moistened in this medicine to the face in the evening ℞ album ovor nu ii aquae ros ℥ i ss succi plantag lapath. acut an ℥ i ss sublimati ℈ i. incorporentur in mortario marmoreo ℞ axung porcidecies in aceto lota ℥ iv argenti vivi ℥ i. aluminis sulphuris vivi an ʒ i. pistentur omnia diu in mortario plumbeo fiat unguentum argentum vivum non debet nisi extremo loco affundi ℞ rad lapath acut asphodel an ℥ ii coquantur in aceto scillitico postea tundantur setaceo trajiciantur addendo auripigmenti ʒ ii sulphuris vivi ʒ x. let them be incorporated and make an ointment to be used to dry up the pustles ℞ rad liliorum sub cineribus coctorum ℥ iv pistillo tusis setaceo trajectis adde butyri recentis axung porci lotae in aceto an ℥ i. sulphuris vivi ʒ iii. camphor ℈ iii. succi limonum quantum sufficit malaxentur simul fiat unguentum ℞ lactis virginalis lb ss aluminis ℥ ss sulphuris vivi ℥ i. succi limonum ℥ vi salis com ʒ ss let them all be distilled in a glasse alembicke and the water kept for the forementioned uses ℞ lapath. acut plantagin asphodel an ℥ i ss olei vitel ovor ℥ i. terebinth venet ℥ ss succi limonum ʒ iii. aluminis combust ʒ i. argenti vivi extinct ℥ i. olei liliorum ℥ ss tundantur omnia in mortario plumbeo addendo sub finem argent viv ne mortario adhaerescat The juice of onions beaten with salt or the yelkes of egges are good for the same purpose For staying and killing of Ring-wormes and Tettars the leaves of hellebore beaten with vinegar are good the milke of the fig-tree is good of it selfe as also that of the spurges or mustard dissolved in strong vinegar with a little sulphur Or ℞ sulphuris calcanthi aluminis an ʒ i. macerentur in aceto forti trajiciantur per linteum apply the expressed juice Others macerate an egge in sharpe vinegar with coporose and sulphur vivum beaten into fine powder then they straine or presse it through a linnen cloath But seeing the forementioned medicines are acride and for the most part eating and corroding it cannot bee but that they must make the skinne harsh and rough therefore to smooth and levigate it againe you shall make use of the following ointment ℞ tereb ven tam diu lotae ut acrimoniam nullam habeat butyri salis expertis an ℥ i ss olei vitel ovor ℥ i. axung porci in aqua rosarum lotae ℥ ss cerae parum fiat linimentum ad usum To the same purpose you may also make use of some of the forementioned medicines CHAP. XLVI To blacke the haire AT first the haires to take the fucus or tincture and to retaine it must be prepared with Lye wherein a little roche Alome is dissolved Thus the fatty scales may be washed and taken away which hinder and as it were keep away the fucus that it cannot adhere or penetrate into the body of the haire Then must we come to particular or proper fitting medicines for this purpose These ought to be aromaticke and cephalicke and somewhat stiptick that by their odoriferous and astringent power they may strengthen the animal faculty Furthermore they must be of subtle parts that they may enter even into the inner rootes of the haires ℞ Sulphuris vitrioli gallarum calcis vivae lithargyri an ʒii scoriae ferri ʒss in pollinem reducantur cum aq communi incorporentur ut inde fiat massa with this at bed time let the haires bee rubbed and in the morning let them bee smoothed with the same ℞ calcis lotae ℥ i. lithargyri utriusque ℥ ss cum decocto gallarum corticum nucum fiat massa addendo olei chamem ʒ ii ℞ lytharg auri ℥ ii ciner clavellat ℥ i s8 calcis viv ʒ i. dissolve omnia cum urena hominis donec acquirant consistentiam unguenti pro unctione capillorum ℞ calcis lotae ℥ iv lithargyri utriusque an ℥ ii cum decoct salv cort granat fiat pasta ad formam pultis satis liquidae let the haire at bed time bee died herewith and washed in the morning with wine and water Now the manner of washing lime is thus Infuse in ten or twelve pints of faire water one pound of lime then poure out the water by stooping the vessell putting more in the stead thereof the third time in stead of common water powre thereon the water of the decoction of sage and galls let the lime lye therein for so many houres then in like manner powre it off by stooping the vessell and thus you shall have your lime well washed There is also found a way how to die or black the haire by only powring of some liquor thereon as ℞ argenti purissimi ʒ ii reducantur in cumʒii aquae separationis auri argenti aquae rosar ʒ vi The preparing of this water is thus put into a violl the water of separation and the silver and set it upon hot coales so to dissolve the silver which being done then take it from the fire and when it is cold adde thereto the rose water But if you would black it more deeply adde more silver thereto if lesse then a smaller quantity to use it you must steepe the combe wherewith you combe your head in this water ℞ plumbi usti ℥ ii gallarum non perforat cortic nucum an ℥ iii. terrae sigil ferret hispan an ℥ ii vitriol rom ℥ vi salis gem ℥ i ss caryoph nucis mosch an ℥ i. salis ammon aloes an ʒ ss fiat pulvis subtilissimus let this powder be macerated in vinegar for three daies space then distill it all in an alembick the water that comes therefrom is good for the foresaid use The following medicine is good to make the haires of a flaxen colour ℞ flor genist staechad cardamom an ℥ i. lupinor conquassat rasur buxi corticis citri rad gentian berber an ℥ i ss cum aqua nitri fiat lenta decoctio herewith bathe and moisten the haires for many dayes CHAP. XLVII Of Psilothra or Depilatories and also of Sweet waters MEdicines to fetch off haire which by the Greeks are termed Psilothra and Depilatoria in latine vulgarly are made as you may learn by these following examples ℞ calcis vivae ℥ iii. auripigmenti ℥ i. let the lime bee quencht in faire water and then the orpiment added with some aromaticke thing have a care that the medicine lye not too long upon
matter being concocted causes us to thinke the quotidian short and salutary The Cure is performed by two meanes to wit Diet and Pharmacy Let the Diet be slender and attenuating let the patient breathe in a cleere aire moderately hot and dry let his meats be bread well baked cocke or chicken brothes in which have bin boiled the roots of Parsly Sorrell and the like Neither at some times will the use of hot meats as those which are spiced and salted be unprofitable especially to such as have their stomacke liver much cooled Let him eate Chickins Mutton Partridge and small Birds river fishes and such as live in stony waters fryed or broiled reare Egges and such like These fruits are also good for him Raisons stewed Prunes Almonds and Dates Let his drinke be small white wine mixed with boyled water Moderate exercises will be good as also frictions of the whole body sleepe taken at a fitting time and proportioned to waking so that the time of sleepe fall not upon the time of the fit for then it hurts very much for calling the heat to the inner parts it doubles the raging of the feaverish heat inwardly in the bowells For the passions of the minde the patient must be merry and comforted with a hope shortly to recover his health It seemes not amisse to some at the comming of the fit to put the feet and Legs into hot water in which Chamomill Dill Melilote Marjerome Sage and Rosemary have beene boyled The Medicines shall be such Syrupes as are called digestive and aperitive as Syrupe of Wormewood Mints of the five opening rootes Oxymel with a decoction of Chamomill Calamint Melilot Dill and the like or with common decoctions The Purgatives shall be Diaphaenicon Electuarium Diacarthami Hiera picra Agaricke Turbith of which you shall make potions with the water of Mints Balme Hyssope Sage Fennell Endive or the like Pilluae aureae are also good These purgatives shall sometimes be given in forme of a bole with Sugar as the Physition being present shall thinke most fit and agreeable to the nature of the Patient About the state of the disease you must have a care of the stomake and principally of the mouth thereof as being the chiefe seate of Phlegme wherefore it will be good to anoynt it every other day with oyle of Chamomill mixed with a litle white wine as also to unlade it by taking a vomit of the juice of Raddish and much Oxymel or with the decoction of the seeds and roots of Asarum and Chamomill and Syrupe of vineger will be very good especially at the beginning of the fit when nature and the humors begin to move for an inveterate quotidian though you can cure it by no other remedy nothing is thought to conduce so much as one dram of old Treacle taken with Sugar in forme of a Bole or to drinke it dissolved in Aqua vitae CHAP. XXIIII Of a Scirrhus or an hard Tumor proceeding of Melancholy HAving shewed the nature of Tumors caused by blood choler and Phlegme it remaines we speake of these which are bred of a Melancholike humor Of these there are said to be foure differences The first is of a true and legitimate Scirrhus that is of an hard Tumor endued with litle sense and so commonly without paine generated of a naturall Melancholike humor The second is of an illegitimate Scirrhus that is of an hard Tumor insensible and without paine of a Melancholike humor concrete by too much resolving and refrigerating The third is of a cancrous Scirrhus bred by the corruption and adustion of the Melancholike humor The fourth of a Phlegmonous Erysipelous or Oedematous Scirrhus caused by Melancholy mixed with some other humor The cause of all these kinds of Tumors is a grosse tough and tenacious humor concrete in any part But the generation of such an humor in the body happens either of an ill and irregular diet or of the unnaturall affects of the liver or spleene as obstruction or by suppression of the Haemorrâ—oides or Courses The signes are hardnesse renitency a blackish colour and a dilatation of the veines of the affected part with blackishnesse by reason of the aboundance of the grosse humor The illegitimate or bastard Scirrhus which is wholy without paine and sense and also the cancerous admit no cure and the true legitimate scarse yeeld to any Those which are brought to suppuration easily turne into cancers and fistulaes these tumors though in the beginning they appeare litle yet in processe of time they grow to a great bignes CHAP. XXV Of the Cure of a Scirrhus THe Cure of a Sirrhus cheefly consists of three heads First the Phisition shall prescribe a convenient diet that is sober and moderate in feeding tending to humidity and indifferent heate for his manner of life let it be quiet and free from all perturbation of anger griefe and sadnesse as also abhorring the use of venery The second is placed in the evacuation of the antecedent matter as by Phlebotomy if need require and by purging by procuring the haemorrhoids in men and the courses in women let purgations be prescribed of Discatholicon Hyera diasenna polipody Epythymum according to the minde of the learned Physition The third consists in the convenient use of Topicke medicines that is emollient at the beginning and then presently resolving or rather such as are mixed both of resolving emollient faculties as Galen teaches for by the use of only emollient things there is danger of putrefaction and a Cancer and only of resolving there is feare of concretion the subtiler part being resolved and the grosser subsiding The emollient shall be thus â„ž Rad. alth lib. s rad liliorum â„¥ iij. conquantur in aqua com pistentur traijciantur per setaceum addendo olei chamaem lilior an â„¥ ij oesipi humidae â„¥ ss emplastri diachyl alb cum oleo liliorum dissoluti â„¥ iij cerae albae quantum fit satis fiat cerotum Or â„ž gummi ammoniaci galb bdellij styracis liquidae in aceto dissolutorum an â„¥ j. diachyl mag â„¥ jss olei liliorum axungiae anseris an â„¥ j. ceroti oesip descriptione Philagr â„¥ ij liquesâ—ant omnia simul cerae quantum sit satis ut iude fiat cerotum satis molle When you have sufficiently used emollient things fume the Tumour with strong Vinegar and Aqua vitae poured vpon a peice of a Milstone flint or bricke heated very hot for so the mollified humor will be rarified attenuated and resolved then some while after renew your emollients and then againe apply your resolvers to waste that which remaines which could not be performed together and at once for thus Galen healed a Scirrhus in Cercilius his sonne Goats dung is very good to discusse Scirrhous tumors but the Emplaster of Vigo with a double quantity of Mercury is effectuall above the rest as
divers times done with good successe But if it cannot be so done it will be better to put to your hand than through idlenesse to suffer the patient to remaine in imminent and deadly danger of strangling yet in this there must very great caution be used for the Chirurgeon shall not judge the Vvula fit to be touched with an instrument or caustick which is swolne with much enflamed or blacke blood after the manner of a Cancer but hee shall boldly put to his hand if it be longish grow small by litle and litle into a sharpe loose soft point if it be neither exceeding red neither swolne with too much blood but whitish and without paine Therefore that you may more easily and safely cut away that which redounds and is superfluous desire the patient to sit in a light place and hold his mouth open then take hold of the top of the Vvula with your sizers and cut away as much thereof as shall be thought unprofitable Other-wise you shall binde it with the instrument here under described the invention of this instrument is to be ascribed to Honoratus Tastellanus that diligent and learned man the Kings Physition in ordinary and the chiefe Physition of the Queene mother Which also may be used in binding of Polypi and warts in the necke of the Wombe The Deliniation of constrictory rings fit to twitch or binde the Columella with a twisted thred A. Shewes the ring whose upper part is some-what hollow B. A double waxed thred which is couched in the hollownesse of the ring and hath a running or loose knot upon it C. An iron rod into the eye whereof the fore-mentioned double thred is put and it is to twitch the Columella when as much thereof is taken hold of as is unprofitable and so to take it away without any fluxe of blood When you would straiten the thred draw it againe through this iron rod and so straine it as much as you shall thinke good letting the end of the thred hang out of the mouth But every day it must be twitched harder than other untill it fall away by meanes thereof and so the part and patient be restored to health I have deliniated three of these instruments that you may use which you will as occasion shall be offered A Figure of the Speculum oris by which the mouth is held and kept open whilest the Chirurgion is busied in the cutting away or binding the Vvula But if an eating ulcer shall associate this relaxation of the Vvula together with a fluxe of blood then it must be burnt and seared with an hot iron so thrust into a Trunke or Pipe with an hole in it that no sound part of the mouth may be offended therewith A hollow Trunke with a hole in the side with the hot iron inserted or put therein CHAP. VIII Of the Angina or Squinzy THe Squinancy or Squinzy is a swelling of the jawes which hinders the entring of the ambient aire into the weazon and the vapours and spirit from passage forth and the meate also from being swallowed There are three differences thereof The first torments the patient with great paine no swelling being outwardly apparent by reason the morbificke humor lyes hid behinde the almonds or Glandules at the Vertebrae of the necke so that it cannot be perceived unlesse you hold downe the tongue with a spatula or the Speculum oris for so you may see the rednesse and tumor there lying hid The patient cannot draw his breath nor swallow downe meate nor drinke his tongue likes Gray-hounds after a course hangs out of his mouth and he holds his mouth open that so hee may the more easily draw his breath to conclude his voyce is as it were drownd in his jawes and nose he cannot lye upon his backe but lying is forced to fit so to breathe more freely and because the passage is stopt the drinke flyes out at his nose the eyes are fiery and swollen and standing out of their orbe Those which are thus affected are often suddainely suffocated a foame rising about their mouthes The second difference is said to be that in which the tumor appeares inwardly but litle or scarse any thing at all outwardly the tongue Glandules and jawes appearing some what swollen The third being least dangerous of them all causes a great swelling outwardly but litle inwardly The Causes are either internall or externall The externall are a stroake splinter or the like things sticking in the Throat or the excesse of extreme cold or heat The internall causes are a more plentifull defluxion of the humors either from the whole body or the braine which participate of the nature either of blood choler or flegme but seldome of Melancholy The signes by which the kinde and commixture may be knowne have beene declared in the generall treatise of tumors The Squincy is more dangerous by how much the humor is lesse apparent within and without That is lesse dangerous which shewes it selfe outwardly because such an one shuts not up the wayes of the meate nor breath Some dye of a Squincy in twelue houres others in two foure or seven daies Those saith Hippocrates which scape the Squincy the disease passes to the lungs and they dye within seven dayes but if they scape these dayes they are suppurated but also often times this kind of disease is terminated by disappearing that is by an obscure reflux of the humor into some noble part as into the Lungs whence the Empyema proceeds and into other principall parts whose violating brings inevitable death sometimes by resolution otherwise by suppuration The way of Resolution is the more to be desired it happens when the matter is small and that subtle especially if the Physition shall draw blood by opening a veine and the patient use fitting Gargarismes A Criticall Squincy divers times proves deadly by reason of the great falling downe of the humor upon the throtle by which the passage of the breath is sodainely shut up Brothes must be used made with Capons and Veale seasoned with Lettuce Purslaine Sorrell and the cold seeds If the Patient shall be some what weake let him have potched Egges and Barly Creames the Barly being first boiled with Raisons in water and Sugar and other meates of this kinde Let him be forbidden wine in stead where of he may use Hydromelita and Hydrosachara that is drinkes made of water and Hony or water and Sugar as also the Syrupes of dryed Roses of Violets Sorrell and Limons and others of this kinde Let him avoide too much sleepe But in the meane time the Physition must be carefull of all because this disease is of their kinde which brooke no delayes Wherefore let the Basilica be presently opened on that side the tumor is the greater then within a short time after the same day for evacuation of the conjunct matter let the veine under the tongue be opened let cupping-Glasses
a certaine violent impetuosity which on every side pressing and bending the loosenesse of the Peritonaeum yea verily adjoyning themselves to it in processe of time by a firme adhesion intercept the passage and falling downe of the Gut or Kall which may seeme no more abhorring from reason than that we behold the loadstone it selfe through the thicknesse of a table to draw iron after it any way The same Chirurgion affirmed that he frequently and happily used the following medicine Hee burnt into ashes in an Oven red Snailes shut up in an earthen pot and gave the powder of them to little children in pappe but to those which were bigger in broath But we must despaire of nothing in this disease for the cure may happily proceede in men of full growth as of fortie yeare old who have filled the three demensions of the body as this following relation testifies There was a certaine Priest in the Parish of Saint Andrewes called Iohn Mâ—ret whose office it was to sing an Epistle with a loud voice as often as the solemnitie of the day and the thing required Wherefore seeing he was troubled with the Enterocele he came to me requiring helpe saying he was troubled with a grievous paine especially then when he stretched his voice in the Epistle The Figure of a man broken on the side wearing a Trusse whose bolster must have three Tuberosities two on the upper and one on the lower part and there must be a hollownesse betweene them in the middest that they may not too straitly presse the sharchone and so cause paine The manner of such a Trusse I found out not long agoe and it seemed better and safer than the rest for to hinder the falling aowne of the Gut and Kall A. Shewes the shoulder band which is tied before and behinde to the girdle of the Trusse B. The Trusse C. The Cavitie left in the midst of the Tuberosities When I had seene the bignesse of the Enterocele I perswaded him to get another to serve in his place so having gotten leave of M. Curio Clearke and Deacon of Divinity he committed himselfe unto me I handled him according unto Art and commanded him he should never goe without a Trusse and he followed my directions When I met him some five or sixe yeares after I asked him how he did he answered very well for he was wholy freed from the disease with which he was formerly troubled which I could not perswade my selfe of before that I had found that hee had told mee the truth by the diligent observation of his genitals But some sixe moneths after he dying of a Pleurisie I came to Curio's house where hee died and desired leave to open his body that I might observe whether nature had done any thing at all in the passage through which the gut fell down I call God to witnesse that I found a certaine fatty substance about the processe of the Peritonaeum about the bignesse of a little egge and it did sticke so hard to that place that I could scarce pull it away without the rending of the neighbouring parts And this was the speedy cause of his cure But it is most worthy of observation and admiration that Nature but a little helped by Art healeth diseases which are thought incurable The chiefe of the cure consists in this that we firmerly stay the gut in its place after the same manner as these two Figures shew Another Figure of a man having a Rupture on both sides shewing by what meanes what kinde of Trusse and what shoulder-band he must be bound on each groine A. Sheweth the shoulder-band divided in the middest for the putting through of the head B. The Trusse with two bolsters betweene which is a hole for putting through the yard The forme of both bolsters ought to be the same with the former In the meane time we must not omit diet We must forbidde the use of all things which may either relaxe dilate or breake the processe of the Peritonaeum of which I have already treated sufficiently Sometimes but especially in old men the guts cannot be restored into their place by reason of the quantity of the excrements hardened in them In this case they must not be too violently forced but the Patient must be kept in his bed and lying with his head low and his knees higher up let the following Cataplasmes be applied â„ž rad alth lil ana â„¥ ij seminis lini foenug an â„¥ ss sol malva viol parietan m. ss Let them be boiled in faire water afterwards beaten and drawne through a searse adding thereto of new Butter without falt and oyle of Lillies as much as shall suffice Make a Cataplasme in the forme of a liquid pultis Let it be applied hot to the Codde and bottome of the belly by the helpe of this remedy when it had beene applied all night the guts have not seldome beene seene of themselves without the hand of a Chirurgion to have returned into their proper place The windinesse being resolved which hindered the going backe of the excrements into another gut whereby they might be evacuated and expelled But if the excrements will not goe backe thus the flatulencies yet resisting and undiscussed an emollient and carminative Clyster is to be admitted with a little Chymicall oyle of Turpentine Dill Iuniper or Fennill Clysters of Muscadine oyle of Wallnuts and Aqua vitae and a small quantitie of any the aforesaid oyles are good for the same purpose It often happens that the guts cannot yet be restored because the processe of the Peritonaeum is not wide enough For when the excrements are fallen downe with the gut into the codde they grow hard by little and little and encrease by the accesse of flatulencies caused by resolution which cause such a tumor as cannot be put up through that hole by which a little before it fell downe whereby it happens that by putrifaction of the matter there contained come inflammations and a new accesse of paine and lastly a vomitting and evacuation of the excrements by the mouth being hindered from the other passage of the fundament They vulgarly call this affect Miscrere mei That you may helpe this symptome you must rather assay extreame remedies than suffer the Patient to die by so filthy and loathsome a death And we must cure it by Chirurgery after this manner following We will binde the Patient lying on his backe upon a Table or Bench then presently make an incision in the upper pard of the codde not touching the substance of the guts then we must have a silver Cane or Pipe of the thicknesse of a Goose quill round and gibbous in one part thereof but somewhat hollowed in the other as is shewed by this following Figure The Figure of the Pipe or Cane We must put it into the place of the incision and put it under the production of the Peritonaeum being cut together with the codde all the
downe of the Fundament WHen the muscle called the Sphincter which ingirts the Fundament is relaxed then it comes to passe that it cannot sustaine the right gut This disease is very frequent to Children by reason of the too much humidity of the belly which falling downe upon that muscle mollifieth and relaxeth it or presseth it downe by an unaccustomed weight so that the muscles called Levatores Ani or the lifters up of the Fundament are not sufficient to beare up any longer A great bloudy flux gives occasion to this effect A strong endevour to expell hard excrements the Haemorrhoides which suppressed doe over-loade the right gut but flowing relaxe it Cold as in those which goe without breeches in winter or sit a long time upon a cold stone a stroake or fall upon the Holy-bone a palfie of nerves which goe from the Holy-bone to the Muscles the lifters up of the fundament the weight of the stone being in the bladder That this disease may be healed we must forbid the Patient too much drincking too often eating of broth and from feeding on cold fruits For locall medicines the part must be fomented with an astringent decoction made of the rinds of Pomegranetts galls myrtles knotgrasse sheapheards purse Cypresse nutts Alume and common salt boyled in smiths water or red wine After the fomentation the gut be annointed with oyle of Roses or myrtles and then let it bee gently put by little and little into its place charging the childe if he can understand your meaning to hold his breath When the gut shall be restored the part must bee diligently wiped least the gut fall downe againe by reason of the slipperinesse of the unction Then let the powder prescribed for the falling downe of the wombe be put into the fundament as farre as you can Then you must straitly binde the loynes with a swathe to the middest whereof behinde let another be fastned which may be tied at the Pubes comming along the Perinaeum so to hold up to the fundament the better to containe it in its place a spunge dipt in the astringent decoction The Patient if he be of sufficient age to have care of himselfe shall be wished when hee goes to stoole that he sit upon two peeces of wood being set some inch a sunder least by his strayning hee thrust forth the gut together with the excrement but if he can doe it standing he shall never by strayning thrust forth the gut But if the gut cannot by the prescribed meanes bee restored to its place Hippocrates bids that the Patient hanging by the heeles be shaken for so the gut by that shaking will returne to his place but the same Hippocrates wisheth to annoint the fundament because that remedie having a drying faculty hath also power to resolve the flatulent humors without any acrimony by reason of which the gut was the lesse able to be contained in his place CHAP. XIX Of the Paronychia THe Paronychia or Panaris is a tumor in the ends of the fingers with great inflammation comming of a maligne and venemous humor which from the bones by the Periostium is communicated to the tendons and nerves of that part which it affecteth whereof cruell symptomes doe follow as pulsifique paine a feaver restlessenesse so that the affected through impatiencie of the paine are variously agitated like those tormented with Carbuncles for which cause Guide and Iohannes de Vigo judge this disease to be mortall wherefore you must provide a skilfull Physitian for the cure of this disease which may appoint convenient diet purging and Blood letting In the meane time the Surgeon shall make way for the virulent and venenate matter by making incision in the inner part of the finger even to the bone alongst the first joynt thereof for Vigo saith there is not a presenter remedy if so be that it be quickly done and before the maturation of the matter for it vindicates the finger from the corruption of the bone and nerves and asswages paine which I have often and happily tried immediatly at the beginning before the perfect impression of the viruleacie But the wound being made you must suffer it to bleede well then presently let him dip his finger in strong and warme vinegar in which some treakle being dissolved may draw forth the virulencie But to appease the Paine the same remedies must be applyed to the affected part as are used in Carbuncles as the leaves of Sorrell Henbane Hemlocke Mandrake roasted under the Embers and beaten in a Morter with new Vnguentum Populeon or oyle of Roses or new butter without salt for such like medicines also helpe forward suppuration whilest by their coldnesse they represse the extraneous heat affecting the part and so strengthen the native heate being the author of suppuration which reason moved the ancient Physitians to use such medicines in a Carbuncle but if by reason of the fearefulnesse of the patient or unskilfulnesse of the Surgion no incision being made a Gangren and Sphacel shall possesse the part it remaines that you cut off with your cutting mulletts as much of the part as shall be corrupt and performe the rest of the cure according to Art Yet it doth not seldome happen that there may bee no neede to cut off such a finger because it being corrupted together with the bone doth by little and little dissolve into a purulent or rather sanious and much stincking filth But in this affect there is often caused an Eschar by the adustion of putredinous heat and superfluous flesh indued with most exquisit sence groweth underneath it which must in like manner be cut off with the Mulletts that the part may receive comfort the paine being aswaged by the copious effusion of blood CHAP. XX. Of the swelling of the knees AFter long and dangerous diseases there oftentimes arise Tumors in the knees and also in plethoricke bodies and such as have evill juyce after labours and exercise This kinde of disease is frequent because the humor easily falles into the part which hath beene heated by Labour But if such tumors follow long diseases they are dangerous and difficult to cure and therefore not to bee neglected for bitter paine accompanieth them because the humor falling thither distends the Membranes which being many involve the part besides that this humor participateth of a certaine virulent and maligne quality whether it be cold or hot when it hath setled into those parts being such as wee finde in the paines of the joynts and in the bitings of venemous creatures For the cure if the tumor bee caused by blood let a slender and refrigerating diet be appointed and phlebotomy for the revulsion of the antecedent cause diverse locall medicines shall be used according to the variety of the foure times But for to asswage the paine Anodyne or mitigating medicines shall be appointed of all which wee have sufficiently treated in the Chapter of the cure of a Phlegmon And because
in a lead Mortar with a little Rose water and so put into the eye but let this repercussive be layd upon the eye and the neighbouing parts â„ž albumin ovor nu iiij combustiÊ’ij DraconisÊ’j aquae rosar plantag an â„¥ ij agitentur simul make a repercussive which you may frequently use Or else apply cheese curds well wrung mixed with Rosewater the white of an Egge and as much acacia as shall suffice This which followeth doth more powerfully stay the flowing humor â„ž gum arab tragac an Ê’ij psilij cydon semin portul plant sâ—mach an Ê’ij fiat mucag. cum aqua plantag solan rosar concinnetur collyrium of which you may drop some both within and about the eye But note that all such remedies must be applyed warme both that they may the better penetrate by their moderate heate as also for that all actuall cold things are hurtfull to the eyes and sight because they dull the sight by incrustating the visive spirits For I have knowne many who have become dull of sight by the frequent using of medicines actually cold to the eyes I have on the contrary seene not a few who have recovered with the fit use of such like medicines who have had any part of their eye so it were not the pupilla or Apple of the eye so pricked with a needle or bodkin that much of the watrish humour ran forth thereat The milke of a woman which suckles a girle for that is reputed the cooler mitigates paine and clenses if it bee milked out of the Dug into the eye to which purpose also the blood of Turtles Pidgeons or Chickens much conduces being dropt into the eye by opening a veine under their wings Also this following cataplasme asswageth paine and inflammation and hinders defluxion being applyed to the eye and the adjacent parts â„ž Carnis pomorum sub cinere calido decoctorum â„¥ v. vitellos â—vorum num iij cassiae fistulae recenter extractae â„¥ ss macaginis psilij altheae cydon an â„¥ j. farin hordeiparum incorporentur omnia simul fiat cataplasma Also sheepes lungs boyled in milke and applyed warme and changed as they grow cold are good to aswage paine But if the too violent heate and paine shall not yeeld to such medicines but require more vehement then Foliorum Hyoscyami m. j. sub cineribus coquatur atque in mortario cum mucagine seminis psilij cydonier extract in aquis solani plantag pistetur then let this medicine be wrapped in a linnen cloath and applyed to the eyes and temples The mucilages of Psilium or Flea-wort and Quince seedes extracted in a decoction of Poppy heads and mixed with a little Opium and Rose water are used for the same purpose But when there is neede of detergent and sarcoticke medicines then R syrup rosar siccar â„¥ j. aq faenic ruta an Ê’ij aloes lâ—…e olibani an â„¥ ss mixe them for the foresayd use The galls of Scates Hares and Partridges dissolved in eye-bright and fennell water are fit for clensing such wounds as also this following Collyrium R Aquae hordei â„¥ j. despumatiÊ’iij aloes ter lotae in aqua plantaginis and anÊ’j fiat collyrium Also this ensuing medicine is very sarcoticke R mucagin gummi olibani arabici tragacanth sarcocol in aq hordei extract an Ê’iij rosarumÊ’j cerus ustae lotae tutia prapar an Ê’ss fiat collyrium But here you must note that the coate Adnata often swells so much by reason of a wound or some other injurie and stands so forth by the falling downe of humotes accesse and mixture of flatulencies that it hides the whole Pupilla and hangs forth of the eye-lids like as if it were an unnaturall fleshy excrescence and it looses the native colour and lookes very red so that the eye can neither bee shut nor opened Wherewith a young Chirurgion being deceived determined to cut away this protuberancie of the Adnata as though it had beene some superfluous flesh and then to waste it with cathaereticke powders had I not forbidden him telling him of the certaine danger of blindnesse which would thereupon befall the patient Wherefore I prescribed a fomentation of chamomile melilote Rose leaves wormewood rue fennell and aniseedes boyled in milke with the rootes of Orris and marigolds Then I presently added this following fomentation being more powerfull and drying R Nucis cupressi gallar balaust an â„¥ j. plantag absinth hippuris flo chamaem ros rub an M. ss bulliant simul cum aqua fabrorum fiat decoctum pro fotu cum spongia Besides also you may apply a cataplasme made of barly and beane flowre the powders of Masticke Mirrhe and Aloes and some of the last described decoction The tumor beginning to decline I dropt the flowing liquor into the eye which hath a very astringent drying and strengthening faculty Roast a new layd egge in Embers untill it be hard then pill off the shell take forth the yolke and in place thereof put a scruple of Roman Vitrioll in fine powder then put it in a linnen cloath and wring it hard forth into some cleane thing and droppe thereof for some dayes into the eye with a little smithes water wherein Sumach and Rose leaves have beene boyled I have found by experience the certaine force of this remedy but if notwithstanding there be a true fleshy excrescence upon the coate Adnata it may be taken away by this following powder R Ossis sepiae testae ovorum calcinatae an Ê’j fiat pulvis Calcined Vitriole burnt Alome and the like may bee commodiously used to this purpose Yet you must warily make use of all such things and alwayes lay repercussives about the eye that no harme ensue thereof For diverse times acride humors fall downe into the eye with such violence that they breake the Horny coate whereupon the humors of the eye are poured out Remember also that in diseases of the eyes the Patient lye with his head somewhat high and that he keepe shut not only the pained but also the sound eye because rest is alwayes necessary for the grieved part But one eye cannot bee moved without some motion of the other by reason of the connexion they have by their opticke and moving nerves both the Meninges the Pericranium Veines and Arteries which is the cause that when the one suffers the other in some sort partakes therewith But if we cannot prevaile by all these formerly prescribed medicines fit to stay the defluxion then it remaines that wee apply a Seton to the necke for it is a singular remedy against inveterate defluxions into the eyes For we know by dayly experience that many who have had their sight dulled by a long and great defluxion so that they were almost blinde have by little and little recovered their former splendour and sharpenesse of sight when matter once begun to bee evacuated by the Seton The truth hereof appeared in Paul the Italian
few monthes agone I visited a patient together with some learned Physitions and skillfull Chirurgions Now they as it oft times happens in way of discourse begun to argue of the condition and quality of wounds made by Gunshot and endeavoured to proove that they might be poysoned by five reasons Not truly through the occasion of the Gunpouder for they all confessed that it was free from poyson whether you have regard to its essence or to its composition but by the Bullet into which the poyson may bee transfused and incorporated The first reason is that Lead seeing it is of a rare and spongious nature which the easinesse of melting and softnesse argues is very fit to drinke and soake in what liquors so ever you please But me thinkes this conclusion is very weake for in all mixtures made by Art such as this is whereof wee speake there are two things to be considered that is to say the matter of the things which enter into the mixture and the forme for the matter such bodies must be eyther liquid or soft or friable and lastly such as may be broken and divided into small particles that so they may easily in all parts concurre and bee conjoyned and united But for their forme there ought to be a certaine affinitie consent and simpathy You may perceive this by water and oyle for each of them though of a liquid substance and such as may easily bee mixed with divers other things yet cannot they bee mixed the one with the other by reason of their antipathy of formes For thus gold and silver are so agreeing with Lead that as oft as they are molten Lead is mixed with them But Brasse shuns Lead as much as gold and silver fly Tinne and white Lead If therefore Brasse and Lead being melted cannot bee mixed together though conteined under the same Genus and common nature of Mettalls how then can it be commixt with another thing distinct in the whole kinde much more in species and forme to wit poyson Their second reason is this Iron say they which is more dense solid and lesse porous may receive some venenate substance and quality as the Arrowes of the Ancients which were dipped in poyson testifie therefore must Lead much more be capable thereof I answer that the surface of Iron may be poysoned but not the inner part or substance by mixture therewith But heere the question is of union but not of annointing or inunction The third reason is thus framed Though say they Lead casts off and purges it selfe from the drosse and unpure parts yet that is no argument that it will not commix or soake its selfe in some strange liquor or body for thus Steele being the most solid Iron receives the temper which hardens it by the artificiall pouring upon it or quenching it in liquors contrary thereto in their whole kind I answer that Steele admits into it by that quenching and tempering none of the juices or liquors wherewith it is watred or quenched For if that were necessary it might be better and more easily performed when the mettall is first cast than when it is beaten into plates or barres which answer shall serve to confute their fourth reason wherein they say that bullets may be made so poysonous by the commixture of the juices of Muncks-hood Oleander Crowe-foote and other such like things which in their whole substance are contrary to ours that the wound which is made with them cannot but be poysoned But I on the contrary affirme that mixture is onely of these things which may not onely be put but also sticke thereto and be mutually united but how can water or any other liquid juice so much as onely sticke to Lead as that which is a solid and firme body it is so farre from being united therewith You may give more certaine judgement hereof by experience than by reason wherefore let melted Lead be put into the foresaid juices or the like then when the lead is cold weigh each of them severally and you shall finde that both of them reteine the same weight they formerly had Which is a most certaine argument that neither the Lead hath mixed or united it selfe with the juices nor the juices lost any part of their substance Their fifth reason is thus A Bullet shot out of a Gun against some hard stone growes not so hot but that you may presently without any harme take it up in your hand Therefore it is false that the poyson commixt and united with the Bullet can bee dissipated by the fire and flash of Gunpouder The answer to this objection is easily For when wee say that although the Bullet may bee infected by poyson perfectly commixt with the Lead yet all the force of the poyson would bee dissipated by the fire wee would have you thus to understand us that we doe not meane this of that fire which is made by the pouder at the discharging of the Peice but of that by force whereof the molten head is mixed and conjoyned with the venenate juice so to make one of many For this fire exercising its force upon the venenate juices hindred by the intercourse of no Medium and that for some space of time and not for an instant it may if not consume yet much weaken their strength If there be any who will not bee satisfied by these reasons let him consult and reade Matthiolus There are saith hee some of these latter times wholly ignorant of things who if wee may say the truth have beene so madly foolish that they said it was fit and requisite to put Treacle and Mithidate and such like Antidotes amongst Gold and Silver that was melted to make Cuppes that so receiving the faculties of the Antidote they might resist poyson But how absurd and ridiculous their opinion is let them judge for it needs no clearer reproofe who have but a little knowledge in naturall things but chiefely in Mettalls These are my reasons these the authorities of men excelling in learning and judgement that confirme me in my ancient and former opinion that wounds made by Gunshot doe not partake of any venenate qualitie CHAP. XV. How wounds made by Arrowes differ from such as are made by Gunshot WOunds made by Arrowes and Bolts shot out of Crosse-bowes and such like things differ chiefly in two things from these which are made by Gunshot The first is for that they are oft times without contusion which the other never are The other is for that they oft times are poysoned In both these respects their cure is different from the other But the cure of these wounds made by Arrowes is different in it selfe by reason of the variety and divers sorts of Darts or Arrowes CHAP. XVI Of the diversities of Arrowes and Darts ARrowes and Darts are different amongst themselves both in matter and in forme or figure in number making facultie or strength In matter for that some of them are of wood some
red and flow with teares neither can they behold the sun or endure the light The cure is performed by cutting off the superfluous substance not hurting the neighbouring parts and then presently put some salt into the place whence it was taken out unless the vehemency of paine hinder that so the place may bee dryed and strengthened and the rest of the matter if any such be may be consumed and hindred from growing againe Lastly you shall cover the whole eye with the white of an Egge dissolved in rose-water or some other repercussive CHAP. IX Of the Eye lids fastened or glewed together SOmetimes it commeth to passe that the upper eye-lid is glewed or fastened to the under so that the eye cannot be opened or so that the one of them may sticke or bee fastened to the white coat of the eye or to the horny This fault is sometimes drawne from the first originall that is by the default of the forming faculty in the wombe for thus many infants are born with their singers fastened together with their fundaments privities and eares unperforated the eye in all other respects being well composed The cause of this affect somtimes proceeds from a wound otherwhiles from a burn scald or impostumation as the breaking of the small pox It is cured by putting in a fit instrument so opening them but with such moderation that you touch not the horny coat for otherwise it would fall out Therefore you must put the end or point of your probe under the eye-lids and so lifting them up that you hurt not the substance of the eie divide them with a crooked incision knife The incision made let the white of an egge beaten with some rose-rose-water be put into the eye let the eye-lids be kept open yea let the patient himself be carefull that he often turne it upwards and lift it up with his fingers not onely that the medicine may bee applyed to the ulcer but also that they may not grow together againe In the night time let a little pledget dipped in water and that either simple or wherein some vitrioll hath bin dissolved bee laid thereon For thus you shall hinder the eye-lids from joyning together againe Then on the third day the parts or edges of the eie-lids shall be touched with waters drying without biting or acrimony that so they may be cicatrized But if the eye-lid adhere to the horny coate at the pupilla or apple of the eye the patient will either bee quite blind or very ill of sight For the scarre which ensues will hinder the shapes of things from entring to the crystalline humour and the visive spirits from passing forth to the objects For prognostickes you may learne out of Celsus that this cure is subject to a relapse so that it may bee shunned neither by diligence nor industry but that the eye-lid will alwayes adhere and cleave to the eye CHAP. X. Of the itching of the Eye-lids MAny have their Eye-lids itch vehemently by reason of salt phlegme which often times excoriating and exulcorating the parts themselves yeelds a sanies which joynes together the eye-lids in the night time as if they were glewed together and maks them watry and bleared This affect doth so torment the patients that it oft times makes them require the Physitians helpe Wherefore generall medicines being premised the Ulcers shall be washed with the following Collyrium ℞ aquae mellis in balneo mariae destillatae ℥ iii. sacchari candi ʒi redactaeʒss fiat collyrium Which if it doe no good you may use this which followes ℞ Ung. Aegyptiac ʒi dissolve in aquae plantaginis quantitate sufficienti Let the ulcerated eie-lids betouchd with a soft linnen rag dipped therin but with care that none therof fall upon the eye But when the patient goes to bed let him cause them to be anointed with the following ointment very effectuall in this case ℞ axungiae porci et butyri recentis an ℥ ss tuth praepar ʒss antimon in aquae euphrasiae praeparati ℈ ii camphor aegra iiii misce et in mortario plumbeo ducantur per tres horas conflatum indeunguentum servetur in pyxide plumbea Some commend and use certaine waters fit to cleanse dry binde strengthen and absolutely free the eye-lids from itching and rednesse of which this is one ℞ aquae euphrag faeniculi chelidon an ℥ ss sarcocal nutritae ℈ ii vitriol rom ʒi misceantur simul bulliant unica ebullitione postea coletur liquor servetur ad usum dictum Or else ℞ aquaeros vini alb boni an ℥ iiii tuth praepar aloës an ʒi flor aeni ℈ ii camphor gra ii Let them bee boyled according to art and kept in a glasse to wash the eye-lids Or else ℞ vini albi lbss salis com ʒi let them be put into a cleane barbars bason and covered and kept there five or six dayes and bee stirred once a day and let the eye-lids bee touched with this liquor Some wish that the patients urine be kept all night in a barbers bason and so the patients eie-lids be washed therwith Verily in this affect we must not feare the use of acride medicines for I once saw a woman of fifty yeares of age who washed her eye-lids when they itched with the sharpest vinegar she could get and affirmed that she found better successe of this than of any other medicine Vigo prescribes a water whose efficacy above other medicines in this affect hee saith hath bin proved and that it is to bee esteemed more worth than gold the description thereof is thus ℞ aq ros vini albi oderiferi mediocris vinosit atis an ℥ iiii myrobalan citrini trit ʒiss thurisʒii bulliant omnia simul usque ad consumptionem tertiae partis deinde immediatè addantur floris aris ℈ ii camph. gr ii Let the liquor be kept in a glasse well stopped for the foresaid use CHAP. XI Of Lippitudo or Bleare-eyes THere are many whose eyes are never dry but alwaies flow with a thinne acrid and hot humour which causeth roughnesse and upon small occasions inflammations blear or blood-shot eies and at length also Strabismut or sqinting Lippitudo is nothing else but a certaine white filth flowing from the eyes which oft times agglutinates or joynes together the eye-lids This disease often troubles all the life time and is to be cured by no remedy in some it is cureable Such as have this disease from their infancy are not to be cured for it remaines with them till their dying day For large heads and such as are repleate with acride or much excrementitious phlegme scarce yeeld to medicines There is much difference whether the phlegme flow downe by the internall vessels under the scull or by the externall which are betweene the skull and the skin or by both For if the internall veines cast forth this matter it will be difficultly cured if it bee cured at all But if the externall
occasion or kind of contagion often times receive cure For first you shal cause the nurse to use the aqua theriacalis hereunder described for the space of 20 or more daies that so she may the better arm herself against the contagion of this disease yeeld milk which may have the faculty both of meat and medicine she shall be carefull as often as she gives the child suck to wash and dry her teat or pap lest the virulency that the child breathes out at his mouth be impact in the little holes of the teat through which the milk flowes out Now the pustules of little children shall bee anointed with some ointment that receives argentum vivum in some small quantity as unguentum enulatum cum mercurio or the like Then shall it be swathed or bound up in swathes and clothes aired with the formerly described fumigations For the rest it shall be kept as warm as you can in some warm place These the like must be done not in one continued course but at severall seasons otherwise it is to be feared that it would cause ulcers to arise in the mouth or else salivation If any ulcers arise in the mouth and spread therein they shall be touched with the formerly described waters but made somewhat weaker having regard to the tender age of the patient if the infant shall get this disease of its nurse let the nurse be presently changed for it being otherwise nourished with tainted and virulent bloud can never be healed Many have by these meanes recovered but such as have perisht have not perisht by the default of medicines but by the malignity and vehemency of the disease A description of the aqua Theriacalis or treacle water formerly mentioned â„ž rasur interior ligni sancti gummosi lb ii polypod querni â„¥ iv vini albi dulcedinis expertis lb ii aqua font an puriss lb viii aquar cichor fumar an â„¥ iv sem junip. heder baccar lauri an â„¥ ii caryophil macis an â„¥ ss cort citri saccharo condit cons ros anthos cichor buglos borag an â„¥ ss cons anulae camp thâ—riac vet mithrid an â„¥ ii distill them all in balneo Mariae after the following manner Let the Guajacum bee infused in equall parts of wine and the forementioned waters for the space of twelve houres and the residue of the things in that which remaines of the same wine and waters for sixe houres space beating such things as may require it then let them bee mixed altogether that so the liquor may be endued with all their faculties Which that it may be the more effectually performed let them be boyled put up in glasse bottles closely stopped for some three or four hours space in a large kettle filled with boiling water then let them be put into a glasse alembicke and so distilled Give â„¥ iv of this distilled liquor at once being aromatized with Ê’i of cinamon and ℈ i. of Diamargariton and â„¥ ss of sugar to give it a pleasing taste Such a drinke doth not onely retunde the virulency of the Lues venerea but strengthens the noble parts Rondeletius makes an aqua theriacalis after this manner â„ž theriac vet lb i. acetos m iii. rad gram â„¥ iii. puleg. card ben an m ii flor chamaem p ii temperentur omnia in vino albo distillentur in vase vitrio reserve the water for use whereof let the patient take â„¥ ii with â„¥ iii. of sorrell and buglosse water he wisheth this to be done when he shall enter into bed or a stove for so this distilled liquor will cause sweat more easily and mitigate paine whether given by it selfe or with a decoction of Grommell or of chyna or burre-docke roots yet if the patient bee of a phlegmaticke constitution hee shall use a decoction of Guajacum in stead of a decoction of chyna for it penetrates more speedily by reason of its subtlety of parts and also expells the dolorificke matter The End of the Nineteenth Booke OF THE SMALL POCKS AND MEAZLES AS ALSO OF VVORMES AND THE LEPROSIE THE TWENTIETH BOOKE CHAP. I. Of the causes of the Small Pockes and Meazles FOR that the small Pocks and Meazles are diseases which usually are forerunners and foretellers of the plague not only by the corruption of humours but oft times by default of the aire moreover for that wormes are oft times generated in the plague I have thought good to write of these things to the end that by this treatise the young Surgeon may bee more amply and perfectly instructed in that pestilent disease Also I have thought good to treat of the Leprosie as being the off-spring of the highest corruption of humours in the body Now the small pocks are pustles and the meazels spots which arise in the top of the skinne by reason of the impurity of the corrupt blood sent thither by the force of nature Most of the Antients have delivered that this impurity is the reliques of the menstruous blood remaining in the body of the infant being of that matter from whence it drew nourishment in the wombe which lying still or quiet for some space of time but stirred up at the first opportunity of a hotter summer or a foutherly or rainy season or a hidden malignity in the aire and boyling up or working with the whole masse of the blood spread or shew themselves upon the whole surface of the body An argument hereof is there are few or none who have not beene troubled with this disease at least once in their lives which when it begins to shew it selfe not content to set upon some one it commonly seazeth upon more now commonly there is as much difference betweene the small pockes and meazles as there is between a Carbuncle and a pestilent Bubo For the small pocks arise of a more grosse and viscous matter to wit of a phlegmaticke humour But the meazles of a more subtle and hot that is a cholericke matter therefore this yeilds no markes thereof but certaine small spots without any tumour and these either red purple or blacke But the small pockes are extuberating pustles white in the midst but red in the circumference an argument of blood mixed with choller yet they are scarce knowne at the beginning that is on the first or second day they appeare but on the third and fourth day they bunch out and rise up into a tumour becomming white before they turne into a scab but the meazles remaine still the same Furthermore the small pockes pricke like needles by reason of a certaine acrimony and cause an itching the meazles doe neither either because the matter is not so acride and biting or else for that it is more subtle it easily exhales neither is it kept shut up under the skinne The patients often sneese when as these matters seek passage out by reason of the putride vapoures ascending from the lower parts upwards to the braine They are
thought to comfort the stomack and citron seeds to defend the heart from malignity liquerice to smooth the throat and hinder hoarsnesse and cause sweat But these things shall be given long after meat for it is not fit to sweat presently after meat some there bee who would have the child wrapped in linnen clothes steeped in this decoction being hot and afterwards hard wrung forth Yet I had rather to use bladders or spunges or hot bricks for the same purpose certainly a decoction of millet figges and raisons with some sugar causeth sweat powerfully Neither is it amisse whilest the patient is covered in all other parts of his body and sweats to fan his face for thus the native heat is kept in so strengthened and fainting hindred and a greater excretion of excrementitious humours caused To which purpose you may also put now and then to the patients nose a nodulus made with a little vinegar water of roses camphire the powder of sanders and other odoriferous things which have cooling faculty this also will keepe the nose from pustles CHAP. III. What parts must be armed against and preserved from the Pocks THe eyes nose throte lungs and inward parts ought to be kept freer from the eruption of pustles than the other parts for that their nature and consistence is more obnoxious to the malignity of this virulency and they are easilyer corrupted and blemished Therefore lest the eyes should be hurt you must defend them when you first begin to suspect the disease with the eye-lids also moistening them with rose-water verjuice or vinegar and a little Camphire There are some also who for this purpose make a decoction of Sumach berbery-seeds pomgranate pills aloe sand a little faffron the juice of sowre pomgranates and the water of the whites of egges dropped in with rose-water are good for the same purpose also womans milke mixed with rose-water and often renewed and lastly all such things as have a repercussive quality Yet if the eyes bee much swolne and red you shall not use repercussives alone but mixe therewith discussers and cleansers such as are fit by a familiarity of nature to strengthen the sight and let these bee tempered with some fennell or eye-bright water Then the patient shall not looke upon the light or red things for feare of paine and inflammation wherefore in the state of the disease when the pain and inflammation of the eyes are at their height gently drying and discussive things properly conducing to the eyes are most convenient as washed aloes tuttye and Antimonie in the water of fennell eye bright and roses The formerly mentioned nodulus will preserve the nose and linnen clothes dipped in the fore-said astringent decoction put into the nosthrils and outwardly applyed We shall defend the jawes throate and throttle and preserve the integrity of the voice by a gargle of oxycrate or the juice of sowre pomgranates holding also the grains of them in their mouths often rouling them up down therein as also by nodula's of the seeds of psilium quinces the like cold astringent things We must provide for the lungs respiration by syrupes of jujubes violets roses white poppyes pomgranats water-lillies and the like Now when as the pocks are throughly come forth then may you permit the patient to use somewhat a freer dier and you must wholly busie your selfe in ripening and evacuating the matter drying and scailing them But for the meazels they are cured by resolution onely and not by suppuration the pocks may bee ripened by annoynting them with fresh butter by fomenting them with a decoction of the roots of mallowes lillies figs line-seeds and the like After they are ripe they shall have their heads clipped off with a paire of sizzers or else bee opened with a golden or silver needle lest the matter conteined in them should corrode the flesh that lyes thereunder and after the cure leave the prints or pockholes behinde it which would cause some deformity the pus or matter being evacuated they shall be dryed up with unguent rosat adding thereto cerusse litharge aloes and a little saffron in powder for these have not onely a faculty to dry but also to regenerate flesh for the same purpose the floure of barly and lupines are dissolved or mixed with rose-water and the affected parts annoynted therewith with a fine linnen ragge some annoint them with the swathe of bacon boiled in water and wine then presently strow upon them the floure of barly or lupines or both of them Others mixe crude hony newly taken from the combe with barly floure and therewithall annoint the pustles so to dry them being dryed up like a scurfe or scab they annoint them with oyle of roses violets almonds or else with some creame that they may the sooner fall away the pustles being broken tedious itchings sollicite the patients to scratch whence happens excoriation and filthy ulcers for scratching is the occasion of greater attraction Wherfore you shall bind the sick childs hands and foment the itching parts with a decoction of marsh mallowes barly and lupines with the addition of some salt But if it bee already excoriated then shall you heale it with unguent albumcamphorat adding thereto a little powder of Aloes or Cinnabaris or a little desiccativum rubrum But if notwithstnding all your application of repelling medicines pustles neverthelesse break forth at the eyes then must they be diligently cured with all manner of Collyria having a care that the inflammation of that part grow not to that bignes as to break the eies that which somtimes happens to drive them forth of their proper orbes If any crusty ulcers arise in the nosthrils they may be dryed and caused to fall away by putting up of oyntments Such as arise in the mouth palate and throat with hoarsenesse and difficulty of swallowing may be helped by gargarismes made with barly water the waters of plantaine and chervill with some syrupe of red roses or Diamoron dissolved therein the patient shall hold in his mouth sugar of roses or the tablets of Elect. diatragacanth frigid The Pock-arres left in the face if they bunch out undecently shall be clipped away with a paire of sizzers and then annointed with fresh unguent citrin or else with this liniment â„ž amyli triticei amygdalarum excorticatarum an Ê’iss gum tragacanth Ê’ss seminis melonum fabarum siccarum excorticat farinae hordei an â„¥ iiii Let them all bee made into fine powder and then incorporated with rose-water and so make a liniment wherewith anoynt the face with a feather let it bee wiped away in the morning washing the face with some water and wheat bran hereto also conduceth lac virginale Goose ducks and Capons grease are good to smooth the roughnesse of the skin as also oile of lillies hares bloud of one newly killed and hot is good to fill and plaine as also whiten the Pock-holes
as cannot eat without much labour exercise and hunger and who are no lovers of Break-fasts having evacuated their excrements before they goe from home must strengthen the heart with some Antidote against the virulency of the infection Amongst which Aqua Theriacalis or Treacle-water two ounces with the like quantity of Sacke is much commended being drunke and rubbing the nostrils mouth and eares with the same for the Treacle-water strengthens the heart expels poyson and is not onely good for a preservative but also to cure the disease it selfe For by sweat it drives forth the poyson contained within It should be made in Iune at which time all simple medicines by the vitall heat of the Sun are in their greatest efficacie The composition whereof is thus Take the roots of Gentian Cyperus Tormentill Diptam or Fraxinella Elecampaine of each one ounce the leaves of Mullet Cardâ—us Benedictus Divels-bit Burnet Scabious Sheepes Sorrell of each halfe a handfull of the tops of Rue a little quantity Mirtle Berries one ounce of red Rose leaves the flowers of Buglosse Borage and St. Johns wurt of each one ounce let them be all cleansed dryed and macerated for the space of twenty foure hours in one pound of white wine or Malmesey and of rose-Rose-water or Sorrell water then let them bee put in a vessell of glasse and adde thereto of Treacle and Mithridate of each foure ounces then distill them in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water bee received in a glasse Viall and let there be added thereto of Saffron two drams of bole Armenick Terra Sigillata yellow Sanders shavings of Ivory and Harts-horne of each halfe an ounce then let the glasse be well stopped and set in the Sun for the space of eight or ten daies Let the prescribed quantity be taken every morning so oft as shall be needfull It may bee given without hurt to sucking children and to women great with child But that it may be the more pleasant it must bee strained through an Hippocras bag adding thereto some suger and cinamon Some thinke themselves sufficiently defended with a root of Elecampaine Zedoarie or Angelica rowled in their mouth or chawed betweene their teeth Others drinke every morning one dram of the root of Gentian brused being macerated for the space of one night in two ounces of white-wine Others take Worme-wood wine Others sup up in a rere egge one dram of Terra Sigillata or of Harts-horne with'a little Saffron and drinke two ounces of wine after it There be some that doe infuse bole Armenicke the roots of Gentian Tormentill Diptam the Berries of Juniper Cloves Mace Cinamon Saffron and such like in aqua vitae and strong white wine and so distill it in Balneo Mariae This Cordiall water that followeth is of great vertue Take of the roots of the long and round Aristolochia Tormentill Diptam of each three drams of Zedoarie two drams Lignum Aloes yellow Saunders of each one dram of the leaves of Scordium St. Johns wurt Sorrell Rue Sage of each halfe an ounce of Bay and Juniper berries of each three drams Citron seeds one dram Cloves Mace Nutmegs of each two drams of Mastick Olibanum bole Armenick Terra Sigillata shavings of Harts-horne and Ivory of each one ounce of Saffron on scruple of the conserves of Roses Buglosse flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Camphire halfe a dram of aqua vitae halfe a pint of white wine two pints and a half make therof a distillation in Balneo Mariae The use of this distilled water is even as Treacle water is The Electuary following is very effectuall Take of the best Treacle three ounces Juniper berries and Carduus seeds of each one dram and a halfe of bole Armenicke prepared halfe an ounce of the powder of the Electuarie de Gemmis and Diamargariton frigidum the powder of Harts-horne and red Corall of each one dram mixe them with the syrupe of the rindes and juice of Pome-citrons as much as shall suffice and make thereof a liquid Electuary in the forme of an Opiate let them take every morning the quantity of a Filberd drinking after it two drams of the water of Scabious Cherryes Carduus Benedictus and of some such like cordiall things or of strong wine The following Opiate is also very profitable which also may be made into Tablets Take of the roots of Angelica Gentian Zedoarie Elecampaine of each two drams of Cytron and Sorrell seeds of each halfe a dramme of the dryed rindes of Cytrons Cinnamon Bay and Juniper berries and Saffron of each one scruple of conferve of Roses and Buglosse of each one ounce and fine hard Sugar as much as is sufficient make thereof Tablets of the weight of halfe a dram let him take one of them two houres before meate or make thereof an Opiate with equall parts of conserves of Buglosse and Mel Anthosatum and so adding all the rest dry and in powder Or take of the roots of Valerian Tormentill Diptam of the leaves of Rue of each halfe an ounce of Saffron Mace Nutmegs of each halfe a dram of bole Armenick prepared halfe an ounce of conserve of Roses and syrupe of Lemons as much as will bee sufficient to make thereof an Opiate liquid enough Or take of the roots of both the Aristolochia's of Gentian Tormentill Diptam of each one dram and an halfe of Ginger three drams of the leaves of Rue Sage Mints and Penny-royall of each two drams of Bay and Juniper berries Cytron seeds of each foure scruples of Mace Nutmegs Cloves Cinnamon of each two drams of Lignum aloes and yellow Saunders of each one dram of Male Frankincense i. Olibanum Masticke shavings of Harts-horne and Ivory of each two scruples of Saffron halfe a dram of bole Armenicke Terra Sigillata red Corall Pearle of each one dram of conserves of Roses Buglosse flowers water-lillyes and old Treacle of each one ounce of loafe sugar one pound and a quarter a little before the end of the making it up adde two drams of Confectio Alkermes and of Camphire dissolved in Rose-water one scruple make thereof an Opiate according to Art the dose thereof is from halfe a dram to halfe a scruple Treacle and Mithridate faithfully compounded excell all Cordiall medicines adding for every halfe ounce of each of them one ounce and a halfe of conserves of Roses or of Buglosse or of Violets and three drams of bole Armenicke prepared Of these being mixed with stirring and incorporated together make a conserve It must be taken in the morning the quantity of a Filberd You must choose that Treacle that is not lesse than foure years old nor above twelve that which is some-what new is judged to be most meet for cholerick persons but that which is old for flegmatick and old men For at the beginning the strength of the Opium that enters into the composition thereof remaines in its full vertue for a
that the heat of the fire doth disperse and wast his spirits the Floor or ground of the chamber must bee sprinkled or watered with vinegar and water or strowed with the branches of vines made moist in cold water with the leaves and flowers of Water-lillyes or Poplar or such like In the fervent heat of summer hee must abstaine from Fumigations that doe smell too strongly because that by assaulting the head they encrease the paine If the patient could goe to that cost it were good to hang all the chamber where he lyeth and also the Bed with thicke or course linnen cloaths moistened in vinegar and water of Roses Those linnen cloaths ought not to be very white but somewhat browne because much and great whitenesse doth disperse the sight and by wasting the spirits doth encrease the paine of the head for which cause also the Chamber ought not to bee very lightsome Contrariwise on the night season there ought to bee fiers and perfumes made which by their moderate light may moderately call forth the spirits Sweet fiers may be made of little pieces of the wood of Juniper Broom Ash Tamarisk of the rinde of Oranges Lemmons Cloves Benzoin gum Arabick Orris roots Mirrhe grossely beaten together and layd on the burning coals put into a chafing dish Truely the breath or smoake of the wood or berries of Juniper is thought to drive serpents a great way from the place where it is burnt The vertue of the Ash-tree against venome is so great as Pliny testifieth that a serpent will not come under the shadow thereof no not in the morning nor evening when the shaddow of any thing is most great and long but she will runne from it I my selfe have proved that if a circle or compasse bee made with the boughes of an Ash-tree and a fier made in the midst thereof and a serpent put within the compasse of the boughs that the serpent will rather runne into the fire than through the Ash boughes There is also another meanes to correct the Aire You may sprinkle vinegar of the decoction of Rue Sage Rosemary Bay berries Juniper berries Cyperus nuts such like on stones or bricks made red hot and put in a pot or pan that all the whole chamber where the patient lyeth may be perfumed with the vapour thereof Also fumigations may bee made of some matter that is more grosse and clammy that by the force of the fire the fume may continue the longer as of Ladanum Myrrhe Masticke Rosine Turpentine Storax Olibanum Benzoin Bay berries Juniper berries Cloves Sage Rosemary and Marjoram stamped together and such like Those that are rich and wealthy may have Candles and Fumes made of waxe or Tallow mixed with some sweet things A sponge macerated in Vinegar of Roses and Water of the same and a little of the decoction of Cloves and of Camphire added thereto ought alwaies to be ready at the patients hand that by often smelling unto it the animall spirits may be recreated and strengthened The water following is very effectuall for this matter Take of Orris foure ounces of Zedoarie Spikenard of each sixe drammes of Storax Benzoin Cinamon Nutmegs Cloves of each one ounce and a halfe of old Treacle halfe an ounce bruise them into a grosse pouder and macerate them for the space of twelve houres in foure pound of white and strong wine then distill them in a Limbeck of glasse on hot ashes and in the distilled liquor wet a sponge and then let it be tyed in a linnen cloath or closed in a boxe and so often put unto the nostrills Or take of the vinegar and water of roses of each foure ounces of Camphire sixe graines of Treacle half a dram let them be dissolved together and put into a viall of glasse which the patient may often put unto his nose This Nodula following is more meet for this matter Take of Rose leaves two pugils of Orris halfe an ounce of Calamus Aromaticus Cynamon Cloves of each two drammes of Storax and Benzoin of each one dramme and a halfe of Cyperus halfe a dramme beat them into a grosse pouder make thereof a Nodula betweene two pieces of Cambricke or Lawne of the bignesse of an hand-ball then let it bee moistened in eight ounces of Rose water and two ounces of Rose vinegar and let the patient smell unto it often These things must be varied according to the time For in the Summer you must use neither Muske nor Civet nor such like hot things and moreover women that are subject to fits of the Mother and those that have Feavers or the head-ach ought not to use those things that are so strong smelling hot but you must make choice of things more gentle Therefore things that are made with a little Camphire and Cloves bruised and macerated together in Rose water vinegar of Roses shall be sufficient CHAP. XX. What Diet ought to be observed and first of the choice of Meat THe order of diet in a pestilent disease ought to bee cooling and drying not slender but somewhat full Because by this kinde of disease there commeth wasting of the spirits and exolution of the faculties which inferreth often swouning therefore that losse must be repaired as soone as may be with more quantity of meates that are of easie concoction and digestion Therfore I never saw any being infected with the pestilence that kept a slender diet that recovered his health but died and few that had a good stomacke and fed well dyed Sweet grosse moist and clammy meates and those which are altogether and exquisitely of subtle parts are to be avoyded for the sweet do easily take fire and are soone enflamed the moist will putrefie the grosse and clammy obstruct and therefore engender putrefaction those meats that are of subtle parts over-much attenuate the humours and enflame them and doe stirre up hot and sharp vapours into the braine whereof commeth a Feaver Therefore wee must eschew Garlike Onions Mustard salted and spiced Meats and all kind of Pulse must also be avoided because they engender grosse winds which are the authors of obstruction but the decoction of them is not alwayes to be refused because it is a provoker of urine Therefore let this bee their order of diet let their bread bee of Wheat or Barly well wrought well leavened and salted neither too new nor too stale let them bee fed with such meat as may be easily concocted and digested may engender much laudable juice and very little excrementall as are the flesh of Wether-lambs Kids Leverets Pullets Pattridges Pigeons Thrushes Larkes Quailes Blacke-Birds Turtle-Doves Moor-Hennes Pheasants and such like avoyding water-Fowles Let the Flesh be moistened in Ver-juice of unripe Grapes Vinegar or the juice of Lemmons Oranges Cytrons tart Pomegranates Barberries Goose-berries or red Currance or of garden wild sorrell for all these sowre things are very wholesome in this kinde of disease for they
can pierce it Of the land Crocodile resembling this both land and water one is made the medicine Crocodilea most singular for sore eyes being anointed with the juice of leekes it is good against suffusions or dimnesse of the sight it takes away freckles pustles and spots the Gall anointed on the eyes helps Cataracts but the blood cleares the sight Thevet saith they live in the fountaines of the river Nilus or rather in a lake flowing from the same fountaines and that he saw some that were sixe paces long and a yard crosse the backe so that their very lookes were formidable They catch them thus when as the water of Nilus falls the Aegyptians let down a line having thereto fastened an iron hooke of some three pound waight made very large and strong upon this hooke they put a piece of the flesh of a Camell or some other beast which when as he sees he presently falls upon it and devoures it hooke and all wherewith when he findes himselfe to bee cruelly pulled and pinched it would delight you to see how he frets and leaps aloft then they draw him thus hooked by little and little to the shore and fasten the rope surely to the next tree lest hee should fall upon them that are about him then with prongs and such things they so belabour his belly where as his skin is soft and thinne that at length they kill him and uncasing him they make ready his flesh and eat it for delicious food John Lereus in his history of Brasil writes that the Salvages of that country willingly feed upon Crocodiles and that hee saw some who brought into their houses young ones wherewith the children gathering about it would play without receiving any harme thereby True saith Pliny is that common opinion Whatsoever is brought forth in any part of Nature that also is in the sea and many other things over and above that are in no other place You may perceive that there are not onely the resemblances of living creatures but also of other things if you looke upon the sword saw cowcumber like in smell and colour to that of the earth that you may lesse wonder at the Sea feather and grape whose figures I have given you out of Rondeletius The sea feather is like those feathers of birds which are worne in hats for ornament after they are trimmed and drest for that purpose The fishermen call them sea-prickes for that one end of them resembleth the end of a mans yard when the prepuce is drawne off it As long as it is alive it swells and becomes sometimes bigger and sometimes lesser but dead it becomes very flaccide and lanke it shines bright on the night like a starre You may by this gather that this which wee here expresse is the Grape whereof Pliny makes mention because in the surface and upper part thereof it much resembles a faire bunch of Grapes it is somewhat longish like a mis-shapen clubbe and hangs upon a long stalke The inner parts are nothing but confusion sometimes distinguished with little glandules like that wee have here figured alone by it selfe The figures of the Sea Feather and Grape In the Sea neere the Island Hispaniola in the West Indies there may be seene many monstrous fishes amongst which Thevet in his Cosmography thought this most rare and observable which in the vulgar language of the natives is termed Aloes For it is just like a goose with a long and straight necke with the head ending sharpe or in a Cone not much unlike a sugar-peare it is no bigger than agoose it wanteth scailes it hath foure finnes under the belly for swimming when it is above water you would say that it were a goose The Sarmatian or Easterne Germane Ocean containes fishes unknowne to hot countries and very monstrous Such is that which resembling a snaile equalls a barrell in magnitude of body and a stag in the largenesse and branches of her hornes the ends of her hornes are rounded as it were into little balls shining like unto pearles the necke is thicke the eyes shining like to lighted candles with a roundish nose set with haires like to a cats the mouth wide whereunder hangs a piece of flesh very ugly to behold It goes on foure legges with so many broad and crooked feet the which with a longtaile and variegated like a Tiger serves her for finnes to swim withall This creature is so timerous that though it be an Amphibium that is which lives both in the water and ashore yet usually it keeps it selfe in the sea neither doth it come ashore to feed unlesse in a very cleare season The flesh thereof is very good and gratefull meat and the blood medicinable for such as have their livers ill affected or their lungs ulcerated as the blood of great Tortoises is good for the Leprosie Thevet in his Cosmography affirmeth that hee saw this in Denmarke In a deepe lake of fresh water upon which stands the great city or towne of Themistitan in the Kingdome of Mexico which is built upon piles like as Venice is there is found a fish of the bignesse of a Calfe called by the southerne Salvages Andura but by those of the place and the Spaniards the conquerers of that place Hoga It is headed and eared almost like a swine from the chaps hang five long bearded appendices of the length of some halfe a foot like the beard of a Barbell It hath flesh very gratefull and good to eat It bringeth forth live young like as the Whale As it swimmes in the waters it seemes greene yellow red and of many colours like a Chameleon it is most frequently conversant about the shore sides of the lake and there it feeds upon the leaves of the tree called Hoga whence also the fish hath its name It is a fearefully toothed and fierce fish killing and devouring such as it meeteth withall though they bee biggerthan her selfe which is the reason why the Fishermen chiefly desire to kill her as Thevet affirmeth in his Cosmography The monstrous fish Hoga Andrew Thevet in his Cosmography writes that as he sailed to America hee saw infinite store of flying fishes called by the salvages Bulampech who rising out of the water flye some fifty paces escaping by that meanes from other greater fish that thinke to devoure them This kinde of flying fish exceeds not the bignesse of a Mackrell is round headed with a blewish backe two wings which equall the length of almost all their body They oft times flye in such a multitude that they fall foule upon the sailes of ships whilest they hinder one anothers sight and by this meanes they fall upon the decks and become a prey to the Sailers which same we have read confirmed by John Lereus in his history of Brasil In the Venetian gulfe betweene Venice and Ravenna two miles above Quioza anno Dom. 1550. there was taken a flying fish very horrible and monstrous being foure
over the fire untill all the liquor be almost wasted away Then they cut into peeces the salt or that earthy matter which remains after the boyling away of the Capitellum with a knife or hot iron spatula forme them into cauteries of such figure and magnitude as they thinke fitting and so they lay them up or keep them for use in a violl or glasse closly stopped that the ayre get not in Or Take a bundle or sufficient quantity of Beane stalkes or huskes of Colewort stalks two little bundles of cuttings of Vines foure bundles burn them all to ashes which put into a vessell of river water so let them infuse for a dayes space being stirred ever now and then to this adde two pounds of unquencht lime of Axungia vitri halfe a pound of calcined Tartar two pounds of Sal niter foure ounces infuse all these being made into powder in the foresaid Lye for two or three dayes space often stirring it then straine the Capitellum or liquor through a thicke cloth untill it become cleare Put it into a bason and set it over the fire and when as the moisture is almost wholly spent let two or three ounces of vitrioll be added when the moisture is sufficiently evaporated make cauteries of that which remaines after the formerly mentioned manner Take of the ashes of sound knotty old Oake as much as you please make thereof a Lye powre this Lye againe upon other fresh ashes of the same wood let this bee done three or foure times then quench some lime in this Lye of these two make a Capitellum whereof you may make most approved cauteries For such ashes are hot in the fourth degree and in like sort the stones whereof the lime by burning becomes fiery and hot to the fourth degree Verily I have made cauteries of Oake ashes only which have wrought quickly and powerfully The Capitellum or Lye is thought sufficiently strong if that an Egge will swimme therein without sinking Or Take of the ashes of Bean stalkes three pounds of unquencht lime Argoll of the ashes of Oake wood being all well burnt of each two pounds Let them for two dayes space be infused in a vessell full of Lye made of the ashes of Oake wood and be often stirred up and downe Let this Lye then be put into another vessell having many holes in the bottome thereof covered with strums or straw pipes that the Capitellum flowing through these strait passages may become more cleare Let it be put twice or thrice upon the ashes that so it may the better extract the heate and causticke quality of the ashes Then putting it into a Barbers bason set it over the fire and when it shall begin to grow thicke the fire must be increased and cauteries made of this concreating matter The following cauteries are the best that ever I made tryall of as those that applyed to the arme in the bignesse of a Pease in the space of halfe an houre without paine especially if the part of it selfe be painlesse and free from inflammation eate into the skinne and flesh even to the bone and make an ulcer of the bignesse of ones fingers end and they leave an eschar so moyst and humide that within foure or five dayes space it will fall away of it selfe without any scarification I have thought good to call these cauteries Silken or Velvet ones not onely for that they are like Silke gentle and without paine but chiefly because I obtained the description of them of a certaine Chymist who kept it as a great secret for some Velvet and much entreaty Their description is this Take of the ashes of Beane stalkes of the ashes of Oake wood well burnt of each three pounds let them bee infused in a pretty quantity of river water and bee often stirred up and down then adde thereto of unqueneht lime foure pounds which being quencht stirre it now and then together for two daies space that the Capitellum may become the stronger then straine it through a thick strong linnen cloth thus strained put it three or foure times upon the ashes that so it may draw more of the causticke faculties from them then boyle it in a Barbers bason or else an earthen one well leaded upon a good Char-cole fire untill it become thicke But a great part of the secret or art consists in the manner and limit of this boyling for this Capitellum becomming thicke and concreating into salt must not bee kept so long upon the fire untill all the moysture shall bee vanished and spent by the heate thereof for thus also the force of the foresaid medicines which also consists in a spirituous substance will bee much dissipated and weakened therefore before it be come to extreme drinesse it shall be taken off from the fire to wit when as yet there shall some thicke moysture remaine which may not hinder the cauteries from being made up into a forme The made up cauteries shall bee put up into a glasse most closely luted up or stopped that the ayre may not dissolve them and so they shall be laid up and kept in a dry place Now because the powder of Mercury is neere to cauteries in the effects and faculty thereof which therefore is termed Pulvis Angelicus for the excellency therefore I have thought good to give you the description thereof which is thus â„ž Auripigmenti citrini floris aeris an â„¥ ii salis nitri lb iss alumin. rochae lb ii vitrioli rom lb iii. Let them all bee powdred and put into a Retort having a large receiver well luted put thereto Then set the Retort over a Fornace and let the distillation be made first with a gentle fire then increased by little and little so that the receiver may waxe a little reddish â„ž Argenti vivi lb ss aquae fortis lb i. ponantur in phiala fiat pulvis ut sequitur Take a large earthen pot whereinto put the violl or bolt head wherein the Argentum vivum and Aqua fortis are contained setting it in ashes up to the necke thereof then set the pot over a fornace or upon hot coales so that it may boyle and evapourate away the Aqua fortis neither in the interim will the glasse bee in any danger of breaking when all the water is vanished away which you may know is done when as it leaves smoaking suffer it to become cold then take it forth of the ashes and you shall finde calcined Mercury in the bottome of the colour of red Lead separated from the white yellow or blacke excrement for the white that concretes in the toppe is called Sublimate which if it should remaine with the calcined Mercury would make it more painfull in the operation Wherefore separating this calcined Mercury you shall make it into powder and put it in a brasse vessell upon some coales stirring or turning it with a spatula for the space of an houre
next to speake of them CHAP. XLIII Of Stoves or Hot-houses SToves are either dry or moist Dry by raising a hot and dry aëry exhalation so to imprint their faculties in the body that it thereby waxeth hot and the pores being opened runnes down with sweat There are sundry waies to raise such an exhalation at Paris and wheresoever there are stoves or publicke hot-houses they are raised by a cleere fire put under a vaulted fornace whence it being presently diffused heats the whole roome Yet every one may make himselfe such a stove as he shall judge best and fittest Also you may put red hot cogle stones or bricks into a tubbe having first laid the bottome thereof with brickes or iron plates and so set a seat in the midst thereof wherein the patient sitting well covered with a canopy drawne over him may receive the exhalation arising from the stones that are about him so have the benefit sweating but in this case we must oft looke to and see the patient for it sometimes happens that some neglected by their keepers otherwise employed becomming faint and their sense failing them by the dissipation of their sptrits by the force of the hot exhalation have sunke down with all their bodies upon the stones lying under them and so have beene carried halfe dead and burnt into their beds Some also take the benefit of sweating in a fornace or oven as soone as bread is drawne out thereof But I doe not much approve of this kinde of sweating because the patient cannot as he will much lesse as he pleaseth lye or turne himselfe therein Humid stoves or sudatories are those wherein sweat is caused by a vapour or moist heat this vapour must be raised from a decoction of roots leaves flowers and seeds which are thought fit for this purpose the decoction is to be made in water or wine or both together Therefore let them all be put into a great vessell well luted from the top of whose cover iron or tinne pipes may come into the bathing tub standing neere thereto betweene the two bottomes thereof by meanes whereof the hot vapour may enter thereinto and diffuse it selfe therein Now it is fit the bathing tub should bee furnished with a double bottome the one below and whole the other somewhat higher and perforated with many holes whereupon the patient sitting may receive a sudorificke vapour over all his body now this vapour if at any time it become too hot must bee tempered by opening the hole which must for the same purpose be made in the top of the pipe that so it may be opened and shut at pleasure In the interim the tub shall bee closely covered wherein the patient sits hee putting forth onely his head that so hee may draw in the coole aire In defect of such pipes the herbs shall bee boiled by themselves in a caldron or kettle and this shall bee set thus hot into the bathing tubbe at the patients feet and so by casting into it heated stones a great and sudorificke vapour shall be raised The delineation of a bathing Tubbe having a double bottome with a vessell neare thereto with pipes comming therefrom and entring betweene the two bottomes of the Tubbe CHAP. XLIV Of Fuci that is washes and such things for the smoothing and beautifying of the skinne THis following discourse is not intended for those women which addicted to filthy lust seek to beautifie their faces as baits and allurements to filthy pleasures but it is intended for those onely which the better to restraine the wandring lusts of their husbands may endevour by art to take away those spots and deformities which have happened to fall on their faces either by accident or age The colour that appeares in the face either laudible or illaudible abundantly shewes the temper both of the body as also of those humours that have the chiefe dominion therein for every humour dyes the skinne of the whole body but chiefly of the face with the colour thereof for choler bearing sway in the body the face lookes yellowish phlegme ruling it lookes whitish or pale if melancholy exceed then blackish or swart but if blood have the dominion the colour is fresh and red Yet there are other things happening externally which change the native colour of the face as sun burning cold pleasure sorrow feare watching fasting paine old diseases the corruption of meats and drinks for the flourishing colour of the cheeks is not onely extinguished by the too immoderate use of vinegar but by the drinking of corrupt waters the face becomes swolne and pale On the contrary laudible meats and drinks make the body to bee well coloured and comely for that they yeeld good juice and consequently a good habite Therefore if the spots of the face proceed from the plenitude and ill disposition of humours the body shall bee evacuated by blood-letting if from the infirmity of any principall bowell that must first of all bee strengthened but the care of all these things belongs to the Physitian we here onely seek after particular remedies which may smooth the face and take away the spots and other defects thereof and give it a laudible colour First the face shall be washed with the water of lilly flowers of bean flowers water lillies of distilled milke or else with the water wherein some barly or starch hath bin steeped The dryed face shall be anointed with the ointments presently to be described for such washing cleanseth and prepareth the face to receive the force of the ointments no otherwise than an alumed lye prepares the haires to drinke up and retaine the colour that wee desire Therefore the face being thus cleansed and prepared you may use the following medicines as those that have a faculty to beautifie extend and smooth the skinne as ℞ gum tragacanth conquass ʒ ii distemperentur in vase vitrio cum lb ii aquae communis sic gummi dissolventur inde albescet aqua Or else ℞ lithargyri auri ℥ ii cerus salis com an ℥ ss aceti aquae plantag an ℥ ii caphur ʒ ss macerentur lithargyros cerusa in aceto seor sim per tres aut quatuor hor as sal vero camphora in aqua qua◠instituto tuo aptam delegeris then filter them both severall and mixe them together being so filtred when as you would use them ℞ lactis vaccini lb ii aranciorum limon an nu iv sacchari albissimi alum roch an ℥ i. distillentur omnia simul let the lemmons and oranges bee cut into slices and then be infused in milk adding thereto the sugar and alome then let the mall be distilled together in balneo Mariae the water that comes thereof will make the face smooth and lovely Therefore about bed time it will be good to cover the face with linnen cloaths dipped therein A water also distilled of snailes gathered in a vine-yard juice of lemmons the flowres of white mullaine
the part otherwise it will burne and this medicine must bee made to the consistence of a pultis and applied warme first fomenting the part with warme water for then the haire will fall off by gentle rubbing or washing it with warme water but if there happen any excoriation thereupon you may helpe it by the use of unguentum rosatum or some other of the like faculty ℞ calcis viv aurip citrin an ℥ i. amyl spumae argent an ℥ ss terantur incorporentur cum aq com bulliant simul you shall certainly know that it is sufficiently boiled if putting thereinto a gooses quill the feathers come presently off some make into powder equall parts of unquencht lime and orpiment they tye them up in a cloath with which being steeped in water they besmear the part and within a while after by gently stroaking the head the haire falls away of it selfe The following waters are very fitting for to wash the hands face and whole body as also linnen because they yeeld a gratefull smell the first is lavander water thus to be made ℞ flor lavend. lb iv aq rosar vini alb an lb ii aq vitae ℥ iv misceantur omnia simul fiat distillatio in balneo Mariae this same water may also bee had without distillation if you put some lavander flowers in faire water and so set them to sunne in a glasse or put them in balneo adding a little oile of spike and muske Clove water is thus made ℞ caryoph ℥ ii aq rosar lb ii macerentur spatio xxiv horarum distillentur in balneo Mariae Sweet water commonly so called is made of divers odoriferous things put together as thus ℞ menthae majoranae hyssopi salviae rorismarini lavendulae an m ii radicis ireos ℥ ii caryophylorum cinamomi nncis moschatae ana ℥ ss limonum num iv macerentur omnia in aqua rosarum spatio viginti quatuor horarum distillentur in balneo Mariae addendo Moschi ℈ ss The End of the Twenty sixt Booke OF DISTILLATIONS THE TVVENTIEIGHTH BOOKE CHAP. I. What Distillation is and how many kinds thereof there be HAving finisht the Treatise of the faculties of medicines it now seemes requisite that we speake somewhat of Chymistry and such medicines as are extracted by fire These arc such as consist of a certaine fift essence separated from their earthy inpurity by Distillation in which there is a singular and almost divine efficacy in the cure of diseases So that of so great an aboundance of the medicines there is scarse any which at this day Chymists doe not distill or otherwise make them more strong and effectuall than they were before Now Distillation is a certaine art or way by which the liquor or humid part of things by the vertue and force of fire or some semblable heate as the matter shall seeme to require is extracted and drawne being first resolved into vapour and then condens'd againe by cold Some call this art Sublimation or subliming which signifies nothing else but to separate the pure from the unpure the parts that are more subtle and delicate from those that are more corpulent grosse and excrementitious as also to make those matters whose substance is more grosse to become more pure and sincere eyther for that the terrestriall parts are ill united and conjoyned or otherwise confused into the whole and dispersed by the heate and so carried up the other grosser parts remaining together in the bottome of the vessell Or a distillation is the extraction or effusion of moisture distilling drop by drop from the nose of the Alembecke or any such like vessells Before this effusion or falling downe of the liquor there goes a certaine concoction performed by the vertue of heate which separates the substances of one kind from those of another that were confusedly mixed together in one body and so brings them into one certaine forme or body which may be good and profitable for divers diseases Some things require the heate of a cleare fire others a flame others the heate of the Sunne others of Ashes or sand or the filings of Iron others horse dung or boyling water or the oiely vapour or steame thereof In all these kinds of fires there are foure considerable degrees of heate The first is conteined in the limits of warmth and such is warme water or the vapour of hot water The second is a little hotter but yet so as the hand may abide it without any harme such is the heate of Ashes The third exceeds the vehemency of the second wherefore the hand cannot long endure this without hurt and such is the heate of sand The fourth is so violent that it burneth any thing that commeth neare and such are the filings of Iron The first degree is most convenient to distill such things as are subtle and moist as flowers The second such as are subtle and dry as those things which are odoriferous and aromaticall as Cinnamon Ginger Cloves The third is fittest to distill such things are of a more dense substance and fuller of juice such as are some Roots and gumms The fourth is fit for mettalls and mineralls as Allum Vitrioll Amber Iet c. In like manner you may also distill without heate as wee use to doe in those things which are distilled by straining as when the more pure is drawne and separated from that which is most unpure and earthy as wee doe in Lac Virginale and other things which are strained through an hypocras bag or with a peece of cloath cut in the forme of a tongue or by setling or by a vessell made of Ivy wood sometimes also somethings may bee distilled by coldnesse and humidity and so we make the oile of Tartar Myrrhe and Vitriolls by laying them upon a marble in a cold and moist place CHAP. II. Of the matter and forme of Fornaces THe matter and forme of Fornaces uses to bee divers For some Fornaces use to bee made of brickes and clay othersome of clay onely which are the better and more lasting if so bee the clay bee fat and well tempered with whites of Egges and haire Yet in suddaine occasions when there is present necessity of distillation fornaces may be made of bricks so laid together that the joynts may not agree but be unequall for so the structure will be the stronger The best and fittest forme of a Fornace for distillation is round for so the heate of the fire carried up equally diffuses it selfe every way which happens not in a Fornace of another figure as square or triangular for the corners disperse and separate the force of the fire Their magnitude must bee such as shall bee fit for the receiving of the vessell For their thicknesse so great as necessity shall seeme to require They must be made with two bottomes distinguisht as it were into two forges one below which may receive the ashes of the coales or
branches and shootes at certaine times of the yeere are cut from this tree by the appointment of the King of that province the barke of which is that we terme Cinnamon This is sold to no stranger unlesse at the Kings pleasure and he setting the price thereof it is not lawfull for others to cut any thereof Galen writes that Cinnamon is of very subtle parts hot in the third degree and partaking of some astriction therefore it cuts and dissolves the excrements of the body strengthens the parts provokes the courses when as they stoppe by reason of the admixture of grosse humors it sweetens the breath and yeelds a fine taste and smell to medicines hippocras and sauces Of Cinnamon there is made an excellent water against all cold diseases and also against swoonings the plague and poysons The composition thereof is this Take of the choysest and best Cinnamon one pound beate it grossely and put thereto of Rose water 4 pints of white wine halfe a pint being thus mixed put them into a glasse and so let them stand in infusion 24 houres often stirring of them Then distill them in Balneo Mariae closely luting the receiver and vessels least the spirit should fly away CHAP. XIII Another manner how to draw the essence and spirits of herbes flowers seedes and spices as also of Rubarbe Agaricke Turbith Hermodactiles and other Purgers YOu may extract the essences and spirits of the things mentioned in the title of this chapter as thus Take Sugar Rubarbe Cinnamon or any other materiall you please cut it small or else beate it then put it into a glasse with a long necke and poure thereupon as much aqua vitae as shall be sufficient to cover the materials or ingredients to overtop them some fingers bredth then stop up the glasse very close that no ayre enter thereinto Thus suffer it to infuse for 8 dayes in balneo with a very gentle heate for thus the aqua vitae will extract the facultyes of the ingredients which you shall know that it hath done when as you shall see it perfectly tinctured with the colour of the ingredients The eight dayes ended you shall put this same aqua vitae into another vessell filled with the like quantity of the same materialls prepared after the same manner that it may also take forth the tincture thereof and doe thus three or foure times untill the aqua vitae be deepely tinctured with the colour of the infused Ingredients But if the materialls from whence you desire to extract this spirit or essence bee of great price as Lignum Aloâ—s Rubarbe c. You must not thinke it sufficient to infuse it once onely but you must goe over it twise or thrise untill all the efficacie be extracted out thereof you may know that it is all wholy insipide These things thus done as is fitting put all the liquor tinctured and furnished with the colour and strength of the ingredients into an Alembecke fitted and closely luted to its head and so put into Balneum Mariae that so you may extract or draw off the aqua vitae to keepe for the like purpose and so you shall have the spirit and essence remaining in the bottome Now if you desire to bring this extract to the height of honey set it in an earthen pot well leaded upon hot ashes so that the thinne part thereof may be evaporated for thus at length you shall have a most noble and effectuall essence of that thing which you have distilled whereof one scruple will be more powerfull in purging than two or three drammes of the thing its selfe CHAP. XIIII How to extract oyle out of Gums condensed juices and rosines as also out of some woods ALL oyles that are drawne out of Gummes oyely woods and mettalls are extracted by that vessell which we vulgarly terme a Retort It must bee made of glasse or jugges mettall well Leaded and of such bignesse as shall be convenient for the operation you intend though commonly it should be made to hold some gallon and an halfe of water the necke thereof must be a foote and an halfe or at least a foote long The receiver is commonly a viall whereinto the necke of the Retort is fitted and inserted Then the Retort shall bee set in an earthen pan filled with ashes or sand and so set into a furnace as you may see by the following figure Of gummes some are liquid some solide and of the solide some are more solide than othersome those that are solide are more troublesome to distill than the liquide for they are not so easily dissolved or melted neither doe they yeeld so well to the fire so that oft times they are burnt before they bee dissolved whence it is that some for every pound of solide gumme adde two or three pounds of most cleare and liquide oyle of Turpentine Besides liquide things are also hard to be distilled because when as they come to be throughly hot at the fire they swell up so much that they exceed or runne out of the Retort and so fall into the receiver as they were put into the Retort especially if so be that the fire be too hot at the first Many to shunne this inconvenience adde to the things put into the Retort some sand as it were to balast it withall The figure of a furnace with his earthen pan and receiver A. Shewes the fornace B. The earthen pan or vessell to set the Retort in C. The Retort or Cucurbite D. The receiver Oyle of Rosin and Turpentine is thus made take two or three pounds of Turpentine and put it into a Retort of such largenesse that three parts thereof might remaine empty and for every pound of Turpentine adde three or foure ounces of sand then place the Retort in an earthen pan filled with sifted ashes and set it upon the fornace as is fit and to the necke thereof fit and closely lute a receiver Lastly kindle thereunder a soft fire at the first least the contained materialls should runne over encrease this fire by little and little and take heed that the things become not too hot on a suddaine At the first a cleare and acide liquor will drop out wherein a certaine sediment uses to concreat then will flow forth a most cleere oyle some-what resembling the watry and phlegmaticke liquor then must the fire be some what encreased that the third oyly cleare thinne and very golden coloured liquor may rife and distill but then also a clearer and more violent fire must be raysed that so you may extract an oyle that will be red like a carbuncle and of a consistence indifferently thicke Thus therefore you may extract foure kinds of liquors out of Turpentine and receive them being different in severall receivers yet I judge it better to receive them all in one that so by distilling them againe afterwards you may separate your desired oyle now there will ten or
of the blood descends under the Diaphragme and on the left side is conjoyned to the emulgent veine which is the way by which the matter in pleuresies and in Empiema doe manifestly empty themselves by urine and stoole As it is likewise seene the pure milke of the brests of women newly brought to bed to descend by the Mammillary Veines and to be evacuated downewards by the necke of the wombe without being mixt with the blood And such a thing is done as it were by a miracle of nature by her expulsive and sequesting vertue which is seene by experience of two glasse vessells called Mount-wine let the one be filled with water and the other with Claret wine and let them be put the one upon the other that is to say that which shall bee filled with water upon that which shall be filled with wine and you shall apparently see the wine mount up to the top of the vessell quite through the water and the water descend atraverse the wine and goe to the bottome of the vessell without mixture of both and if such a thing be done so exteriorly and openly to the sense of our eye by things without life you must beleeve the same in our understanding That nature can make matter and blood to passe having beene out of their vessells yea through the bones without being mingled with the good blood Our discourse ended I embalmed the body and put it into a Coffinne after that the Emperors Chirurgion tooke me apart and told me if I would remaine with him that he would use me very well and that he would cloath me anew also that I should ride on horsebacke I thanked him very kindly for the honour he did me and told him that I had no desire to doe service to strangers and enemies to my Countrey then he told mee I was a foole and if he were prisoner as I hee would serve the divell to get his liberty In the end I told him flat that I would not dwell at all with him The Emperors Physition returned toward the sayd Lord of Savoy where he declared the cause of the death of the sayd Lord of Martigues and told him that it was impossible for all the men in the would to have cured him and confirmed againe that I had done what was necessary to be done and prayed him to winne mee to his service and spoke better of me than I deserved Having beene perswaded to take me to his service he gave charge to one of his stewards named Monfieur du Bouchet to tell me if I would dwell in his service that he would use me kindly I answered him that I thank't him most humbly and that I had resolved not to dwell with any stranger This my answer being heard by the Duke of Savoy he was somewhat in choller and sayd hee would send mee to the Gallies Monsieur de Vandeville Governour of Gravelin and Colonell of seaventeene Ensignes of foote prayed him to give me to him to dresse him of an Vlcer which he had in his Leg this six or seaven yeares Monsieur de Savoy told him because I was of worth that he was content and if I ranckled his Leg it would be â—ell done Hee answered that if hee perceaved any thing that hee would cause my throate to be cut Soone after the said Lord of Vaudeville sent for me by fowre Germane Halberdiers which affrighted me much not knowing whither they led mee they spake no more French than I high Dutch being arrived at his lodging he told mee I was welcome and that I was his and as soone as I should have cured him of that Vlcer in his Leg that he would give me leave to be gone without taking any ransome of me I told him I was not able to pay any ransome Then he made his Physition and Chirurgions in ordinary to shew mee his ulcerated Leg having seene and considered it we went apart into a Chamber where I began to tell them that the said Vlcer was annuall not being simple but complicated that is to say of a round figure and scaly having the lips hard and callous hollow and sordid accompanied with a great varicous veine which did perpetually feede it besides a great tumor and a phlegmonous distemper very painefull through the whole Leg in a body of cholericke complexion as the haire of his face and beard demonstrated The method to cure it if cured it could be was to begin with universall things that is with purgation and bleeding and with this order of dyet that hee should not use any wine at all nor any salt meates or of great nourishment chiefely these which did heat the blood afterward the cure must begun with making divers scarifications about the Vlcer and totally cutting away the callous edges or lips and giving a long or a triangular figure for the round will very hardly cure as the Ancients have left it in writing which is seene by experience That done the filth must be mundified as also the corrupted flesh which should be done with Vnguentum Aegyptiacum and upon it a bolster dipt in juice of Plantaine and Nightshade and Oxycrate and roule the Leg beginning at the foote and finishing at the knee not forgetting a little bolster upon the Varicous veine to the end no superfluities should flow to the Vlcer Moreover that he should take rest in his bed which is commanded by Hippocrates who saith that those who have soare Legs should not use much standing or sitting but lying along And after these things done and the Vlcer well mundified a plate of Lead rubbed with quickesilver should be applyed See then the meanes by which the said Lord Vaudeville might be cured of the said Vlcer all which they found good Then the Physition left mee with the Chirurgion and went to the Lord Vaudeville to tell him that he did assure him I would cure him and told him all that I had resolved to doe for the cure of his Vlcer whereof hee was very joyfull He made mee to bee called to him and asked me if I was of the opinion that his Vlcer could be cured and I told him yes provided he would be obedient to doe what he ought He made me a promise hee would performe all things which I would appoint and as soone as his Vlcer should be cured he would give me liberty to returne without paying any ransome Then I beseech't him to come to a better composition with me telling him that the time would be too long to bee in liberty if I stayd till hee was perfectly well and that I hoped within fifteene dayes the Vlcer should bee diminished more than one halfe and it should bee without paine and that his Physitions and Chirurgions would finish the rest of the cure very easily To which hee agreed and then I tooke a peece of paper and cut it the largenesse of the Vlcer which I gave him and kept as much my selfe I prayd him to keepe promise when he should
evacuation of the conjunct matter by the artery of the anckle of the same side being opened yet because it was not cut for this purpose but happened onely by chance I judged it was not much dissenting from this argument Pliny writes that there was one named Phalereus which casting up blood at his mouth and at the length medicines nothing availing being weary of his life went unarmed in the front of the battell against the enemy and there receiving a wound in his breast shed a great quantity of blood which gave an end to his spitting of blood the wound being healed and the veine which could not containe the blood being condensate At Paris Anno 1572. in Iuly a certaine Gentleman being of a modest and courteous cariage fell into a continuall Feaver and by that meanes became Franticke moved with the violence of which hee cast himselfe headlong out of a window two storyes high and fell first upon the shoulder of Vaterra the Duke of Alenzons Physition and then upon the pavement with which fall hee cruelly bruized his ribbs and hippe but was restored to his former judgment and reason There were present with the Patient besides Valterra witnesses of this accident these Physitions Alexis Magnus Duretus and Martinus The same hapened in the like disease and by the like chance to a certaine Gascoyne lying at the house of Agrippa in the Pavedostreete 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Doctor of Physicke of Mompelier and the Kings professor told me that a certaine Carpenter at Broquer a village in Switzerland being franticke cast himselfe headlong out of an high window into a river and being taken out of the water was presently restored to his understanding But if we may convert casualties into counsell and Arte I would not cast the Patient headlong out of a window But would rather cast them sodainely and thinking of no such thing into a great cesterne filled with cold water with their heads foremost neither would I take them out untill they had drunke a good quantitie of water that by that sodaine fall and strong feare the matter causing the Frenzy might be carryed from above downewards from the noble parts to the ignonoble the possibility of which is manifest by the forerecited examples as also by the example of such as bit by a mad Dogge fearing the water are often ducked into it to cure them CHAP. XXIIII Of Certaine jugling and deceiptfull wayes of Curing HEre I determine to treat of those Impostors who taking upon them the person of a Chirurgion doe by any meanes either right or wrong put themselves upon the workes of the Arte but they principally boast themselves amongst the jgnorant common sort of setting bones which are out of joynt and broken affirming as falsly as impudently that they have the knowledge of those things from their Ancestors as by a certaine hereditary right which is a most ridiculous fiction for our mindes when we are borne is as a smoth table upon which nothing is painted Otherwise what need wee take such labour and paines to acquire and exercise sciences God hath endued all brute beasts with an inbred knowledge of certaine things necessary for to preserve their life more than man But on the contrary hee hath enriched him with a wit furnished with incredible celerity and judgment by whose diligent and laborious agitation he subjects all things to his knowledge For it is no more likely that any man should have skill in Chirurgery because his father was a Chirurgeon than that one who never endured sweat dust nor Sunne in the field should know how to ride and governe a great horse and know how to carry away the credite in tilting onely because hee was begot by a Gentleman and one famous in the Arte of Warre There is another sort of Impostors farre more pernitious and lesse sufferable boldly and insolently promising to restore to their proper unity and seate bones which are broken and out of joynt by the onely murmuring of some conceited charmes so that they may but have the Patients name and his girdle In which thing I cannot sufficiently admire the idlenesse of our Country-men so easily crediting so great and pernitious an error not observing the inviolable law of the ancient Physitions and principally of Divine Hippocrates by which it is determined that three things are necessary to the setting of bones dislocated and out of joynt to draw the bones asunder to hold the bone receiving firmely immoveable with a strong and steddy hand to put the bone to be received into the cavity of the receiving For which purpose the diligence of the Ancients hath invented so many engines Glossocomies and bands lest that the hand should not be sufficient for that laborious worke What therefore is the madnesse of such Impostures to undertake to doe that by words which can scarse be done by the strong hands of so many Servants and by many artificiall engines Of late yeares another kind of Imposture hath sprung up in Germany they beare into fine powder a stone within there mother tongue they call Bembruch and give it in drinke to any who have a bone broken or dislocated and affirme that it is sufficient to cure them Through the same Germanie there wander other Impostors who bid to bring to them the Weapons with which any is hurt they lay it up in a secret place and free from noise and put and apply medicines to it as if they had the patient to dresse and in the meane time they suffer him to go about his busines impudently affirme that the wound heales by litle and litle by reason of the medicine applyed to the weapon But it is not likely that a thing inanimate which is destitute of all manner of sence should feele the effect of any medicine and lesse probable by much that the wounded party should receive any benefit from thence Neither if any should let mee see the truth of such jugdling by the events themselves and my owne eyes would I therefore beleeve that it were done naturally and by reason but rather by charmes and Magicke In the last assault of the Castle of Hisdin the Lord of Martigues the elder was shot through the breast with a Musket bullet I had him in cure together with the Physitions and Chirurgions of the Emperoure Charles the fist and Emanuel Philibert the Duke of Savoy who because hee entirely loved the wounded prisoner caused an assembly of Physitions and Chirurgions to consult of the best meanes for his cure They all were of one opinion that the wound was deadly and incureable because it passed through the midst of his lungs and besides had cast forth a great quantity of knotted blood into the hollownesse of his brest There was found at that time a certaine Spaniard a notable Knave and one of those Impostors who would pawne his life that hee would make him sound wherefore this Honorable Personage being in this desperate case was committed to his
or Antagonist rests or keeps holieday that when that which is said to open the eye is imployed the opposite thereof resting the upper eye-lid should be drawne towards its originall as we see it happens in convulsions because the operation of a muscle is the collection of the part which it moves towards its originall Therefore seeing such a motion or collection appears not any where in the eye-lid I thinke it therefore manifest that all the motion of this upper eye-lid depends upon this broad muscle and that it alone is the author of the motion thereof The originall of this broad muscle is from the upper part of the Sternon the clavicles the shoulder blades and all the spines of the vertebra's of the neck but it is inserted into all these parts of the head which want haire and the whole face having diverse fibers from so various an originall by benifit of which it performes such manifold motions in the face for it so spreads it selfe over the face that it covers it like a vizard by reason of the variety of the originall and the production of the divers fibers of this muscle But I have not in the description of this muscle prosecuted those nine conditions which in the first booke of my anatomy I required in every part because I may seeme to have sufficiently declared them in the description of the muscles of the Epigastrium Wherfore hence forward you must expect nothing from me in the description of muscles besides their originall insertion action composition and the designation of their vessels CHAP. IIII. Of the Eye-lids and Eye-browes BEcause wee have fallne into mention of the Eye-lids and Eye-browes and because the order of dissection also requires it we must tell you what they are of what they consist and how and for what use they were framed by nature Therefore the Eye-browes are nothing els than a ranck of haires set in a semicircular forme upon the upper part of the orbe of the Eye from the greater to the lesser corner thereof to serve for an ornament of the body and a defence of the eyes against the acrimony of the sweat falling from the forehead But the Eye-lids on each side two one above and another below are nothing els than as it were certaine shuttings appointed and made to close and open the eyes when need requires and to containe them in their orbes Their composure is of a musculous skin a gristle and haires set like a pale at the sides of them to preserve the eyes when they are open chiefly against the injuries of small bodyes as motes dust such like These haires are alwaies of equall and like bignesse implanted at the edges of the gristly part that they might alwaies stand straight and stiffe out They are not thick for so they should darken the eye The gristle in which they are fastened is encompassed with the pericranium stretched so far before it produce the Coniunctiva It was placed there that when any part thereof should be drawne upwards or downewards by the force of the broad muscle or of the two proper muscles it might follow entirely and wholy by reason of its hardnes They call this same gristle especially the upper Tarsus The upper and lower eye-lid differ in nothing but that the upper hath a more manifest motion and the lower a more obscure for otherwise nature should have in vaine encompassed it with a musculous substance CHAP. V. Of the Eyes THe Eyes are the instruments of the faculty of seeing brought thither by the visive spirit of the opticke nerves as in an aqua-ducte They are of a soft substance of a large quantity being bigger or lesser according to the bignesse of the body They are seated in the head that they might overlooke the rest of the body to perceive and shum such things as might endanger or endamage the body for the action of the eyes is most quick as that which is performed in a moment which is granted to none of the other senses Wherefore this is the most excellent sense of them all For by this wee behold the fabricke and beauty of the heavens and earth distinguish the infinite varietyes of colours we perceive and know the magnitude figure number proportion site motion and rest of all bodyes The eyes have a pyramidall figure whose basis is without but the Cone or point within at the opticke nerves Nature would have them contained in a hollow circle that so by the profundity and solidity of the place they might be free from the incursions of bruising and hurtfull things They are composed of six muscles five coats three humors and a most bright spirit of which there is a perpetuall afflux from the braine two nerves a double veine and one artery besides much fat and lastly a Glandule seated at the greater angle thereof uppon that large hole which on both sides goes to the nose and that lest that the humours falling from the braine should flow by the nose into the eyes as we see it fares with those whose eyes perpetually weep or water by reason of the eating away of this glandule whence that affect is called the Fistula lachrymalis or weeping Fistula But there is much fat put between the muscles of the eye partly that the motion of the eyes might be more quick in that slipperines of the fat as also that the temper and complexion of the eyes and chiefly of their nervous parts might be more constant and lasting which otherwise by their continuall and perpetuall motion would be subject to excessive drynesse For nature for the same reason hath placed Glandules flowing with a certaine moisture neere those parts which have perpetuall agitation CHAP. VI. Of the Muscles Coats and humors of the Eye THere are sixe muscles in the eye of which foure performe the foure direct motions of the eye they arise from the bottome of the orbe and end in the midst of the eye encompassing the opticke nerve When they are all moved with one endevour they draw the eye inwards But if the upper only use its action it drawes the eye upwards if the lower downewards if the right to the right side if the left to the left side The two other muscles turne the eye about the first of which being the longer and slenderer arises almost from the same place from which that muscle arises which drawes the eye to the right side to the greater corner But when it comes to the utmost part of the inner angle where the Glandula lachrymalis is seated it ends in a slender Tendon there peircing through the middle membrane which is there as through a ring from whence it presently going backe is spent in a right angle towards the upper part of the eye betwixt the insertions of those 〈◊〉 muscles of the which one draws the eye upwards the other directly to the outward corner as it is
must presently be made in the flesh lying there under shall be consolidated the skinne by its falling therein may serve for that purpose then therefore let him divide the musculous flesh and Peritonaum with a small wound not hurting the Kall or Guts Then put into the wound a trunke or golden or silver crooked pipe of the thicknesse of a Gooses-quill and of the length of some halfe a finger Let that part of it which goes into the capacity of the belly have something a broad head and that perforated with two small holes by which a string being fastened it may be bound so about the body that it cannot be moved unlesse at the Chirurgions pleasure Let a spunge be put into the pipe which may receive the dropping humor and let it be taken out when you would evacuate the water but let it not be powred out all together but by little and little for feare of dissipation of the spirits and resolution of the faculties which I once saw happen to one sicke of the Dropsie He being impatient of the disease and cure thereof thrust a Bodkin into his belly and did much rejoyce at the powring forth of the water as if he had bin freed from the humor and the disease but died within a few houres because the force of the water running forth could by no meanes be staied for the incision was not artificially made But it will not be sufficient to have made way for the humor by the meanes aforementioned but also the externall orifice of the pipe must be stopped and strengthened by double cloathes and a strong ligature least any of the water flow forth against our wills But we must note that the pipe is not to be drawne out of the wound before as much water shall be issued forth as we desire the tumor requireth for once drawne forth it cannot easily be put in againe and without force paine be fitted to the lips of the wound because the skin and fleshy pannicle cover it by their falling into the wound of the flesh or muscle But whilest the water is in evacuation we must have a diligent care of feeding the Patient as also of his strength for if that faile and he seeme to be debilitated the effusion of the water must be staied for some dayes which at the length performed according to our desire the wound must be so consolidated that the Chirurgion beware it degenerate not into a Fistula The Figure of a Pipe informe of a Quill to evacuate the water in Dropsies Others performe this businesse after another manner for making an incision they thrust through the lipps of the wound with a needle and threed but they take up much of the fleshie substance with the needle least that which is taken up should be rent and torne by the forcible drawing of the lippes together Then the threed it selfe is wrapped up and downe over both ends of the needle so thrust through as is usually done in a hare-lippe that so the lippes of the wound may so closely cohere that not a drop of water may get out against the Chirurgions will Sometimes such as are cured and healed of the Dropsie fall into the Iaundise whom I usually cure after this manner â„ž sterc anser Ê’ij dissolve it in â„¥ iij vini alb coletur make a Potion and let it be given two houres before meate CHAP. XIII Of the tumor and relaxation of the Navell THe Exomphalos or swelling of the Navell is caused by the Peritonaeum either relaxed or broken for by this occasion oft-times the Guts and oft-times the Kall fall into the seat of the Navell and sometimes superfluous flesh is there generated otherwise this tumor is as an Aneurisma by too great a quantity of bloud powred forth in that place otherwise by a flatulent matter and sometimes by a waterish humor If the humor be occasioned by the Kall the part it selfe will retaine his proper colour that is the colour of the skinne the tumor will be soft and almost without paine and which will reside without noise either by the pressure of your fingers or of it selfe when the Patient lieth on his backe but the tumor caused by the guts is more unequall and when it is forced in by the pressure of your fingers there is such a noise heard as in the Enterocele but if the tumor proceede of superfluous flesh it will be harder and more stubborne not easily retiring into the body although the Patient lie upon his backe and you presse it with your fingers The tumor is softer which proceeds of winde but which will not retire into the body and sounds under your naile like a taber If the swelling be caused by a waterish humor it hath all things common with the flatuous tumor except that it is not so visible and without noise If it be from effusion of bloud it is of a livid colour but if the effused bloud shall be arteriall then there are the signes of an Aneurisme Wherefore when the tumor is caused by the Guts Kall Winde or a waterish humour it is cured by Chirurgery but not if it proceede from a fleshie excrescence or suffusion of bloud The tumor of the Navell proceeding from the Kall and Guts the Patient must lie upon his backe to be cured and then the Kall and Guts must with your fingers be forced into their due place then the skinne with which the tumor is circumscribed must be taken up with your fingers and thrust through with a needle drawing after it a double twined and strong threed then it must be scatified about the sides that so it may be the easier agglutinated Then must it be thrust through with a needle three or foure times according to the manner and condition of the distention and tumor And so twitch it strongly with a threed that the skinne which is so bound may at length fall off together with the ligatures But also you may cut off the skinne so distended even to the ligature and then cicatrize it as shall be fit A flatulent tumor of the Navell shall be cured with the same remedies as we shall hereafter mention in the cure of a windy rupture but the watery may be powred forth by making a small incision And the wound shall be kept open so long untill all the water be drained forth CHAP. XIIII Of the Tumors of the Groines and Codds called Herniae that is Ruptures THe ancient Phisitions have made many kindes of Ruptures yet indeede there are onely three to be called by that name that is the Intestinalis or that of the guts the Zirbalis or that of the kall and that which is mixed of them both The other kindes of Ruptures have come into this order rather by similitude than any truth of the thing for in them the Gut or Kall doe not forsake their places The Greekes have given to all these severall names
both from the seat of the tumor as also from their matter For thus they have called an unperfect rupture which descends not beyond the Groines nor falls downe into the Codds Buboâ—ocele but the compleate which penetrates into the Codde if it be by falling downe of the Gut Enterocele if from the Kall Epiplocele if from them both together they name it Enteroepiplocele but if the tumor proceede from a waterish humor they terme it Hydrocele if from winde Physocele if from both Hydrophydocele if a fleshie excrescence shall grow about the testicle or in the substance thereof it is named Sarcocele If the veines interwoven and divaricated diverse wayes shall be swollen in the Codde and Testicles the tumor obtaines the name of a Cirsocele But if the humors shall be shut up or sent thither the name is imposed upon the tumor from the predominant humor as we have noted in the beginning of our Tractate of tumors The causes are many as all too violent motions a stroake a fall from a high place vomiting a cough leaping riding upon a trotting horse the sounding of trumpets or sackbuts the carrying or lifting vp of a heavy burden racking also the too immoderate use of viscide and flatulent meates for all such things may either relaxe or breake the Iertonaeum as that which is a thinne and extended membrane The signes of a Buboâ—ocele are a round tumor in the Groine which pressed is easily forced in The signes of an Enterocele are a hard tumor in the Codde which forced returneth backe and departeth with a certaine murmour and paine but the tumor proceeding of the Kall is laxe and feeles soft like Wooll and which is more difficultly forced in than that which proceeds from the Guts but yet without murmuring and paine for the substance of the Guts seeing it is one and continued to it selfe they doe not onely mutually succeede each other but by a certaine consequence doe as in a dance draw each other so to avoide distention which in their membranous body cannot be without paine by reason of their change of place from that which is naturall into that against nature none of all which can be fall the Kall seeing it is a stupide body and almost without sence heavy dull and immoveable The signes that the Peritonaeum is broken are the sudden increase of the tumor and a sharpe and cutting paine for when the Peritonaeum is onely relaxed the tumor groweth by little and little and so consequently with small paine yet such paine returnes so often as the tumor is renewed by the falling downe of the Gut or Kall which happens not the Peritonaeum being broken for the way being once open and passable to the falling body the tumor is renued without any distention and so without any paine to speake of The rest of the signes shall be handled in their places Sometimes it happens that the Guts and Kall do so firmely adhere to the processe of the Peritonaeum that they cannot be driven back into their proper seate This stubborne adhesion happens by the intervention of the viscide matter or by meanes of some excotiation caused by the rude hand of a Chirurgion in too violently forcing of the Gut or Kall into their place But also too long stay of the gut in the codde and the neglect of wearing a Trusse may give occasion to such adhesion A perfect and inveterate rupture by the breaking of the processe of the Peritonaeum in men of full growth never or very seldomes admits of cure But you must note that by great ruptures of the Peritonaeum the Guts may fall into the codde to the bignesse of a mans head without much paine and danger of life because the excrements as they may easily enter by reason of the largenesse of the place and rupture so also they may easily returne CHAP. XV. Of the cure of Ruptures BEcause children are very subject to Ruptures but those truely not fleshy or varicous but watry windy and especially of the Guts by reason of continuall and painefull crying and coughing Therefore in the first place we will treate of their cure Wherefore the Chirurgion called to restore the Gut which is fallen downe shall place the child either or table or in a bed so that his head shall be low but his buttocks and thighes higher theâ— shall he force with his hands by little and little and gently the Gut into its proper place and shall foment the Groine with the astringent fomentation described in the falling downe of the wombe Then let him apply this remedy â„ž Praescript decoctionis quantum sufficit farinae hordei fabarum an â„¥ j pulver Aloes Mastiches Myrtyll Sarcoco an â„¥ ss Boli Armeni â„¥ ij Let them be incorporated and made a cataplasme according to Art For the same purpose he may apply Emplastrum contra Rupturam but the chiefe of the cure consists in folded clothes and Trusses and ligatures artificially made that the restored gut may be contained in its place for which purpose he shall keepe the child seated in his cradle for 30. or 40. dayes as we mentioned before and keepe him from crying shouting and coughing Aetius bids steepe paper 3. dayes in water and apply it made into a ball to the groine the gut being first put up for that remedy by 3. dayes adhesion wil keep it from falling down But it wil be as I suppose more effectuall if the paper be steeped not in common but in the astringent water described in the falling downe of the wombe Truely I have healed many by the helpe of such remedies and have delivered them from the hands of Gelders which are greedy oâ— childrens testicles by reason of the great gaine they receive from thence They by a crafty cozenage perswade the Parents that the falling downe of the Gut into the Codde is uncurable which thing notwithstanding experience convinceth to be false if so be the cure be performed according to the forementioned manner when the Peritonaum is onely relaxed and not broken for the processe thereof by which the Gut doth fall as in a steepe way in progresse of time and age is straitned and knit together whilest also in the meane time the guts grow thicker A certaine Chirurgion who deserveth credit hath told me that he hath cured many children as thus He beates a loadstone into fine powder and gives it in pappe and then hee annointes with hony the Groine by which the gut came out and then strewed it over with fine filings of iron He administred this kinde of remedy for ten or twelve dayes The part for other things being bound up with a ligature and trusse as was fitting The efficacie of this remedy seemeth to consist in this that the loadestone by a naturall desire of drawing the iron which is strewed upon the Groine joynes to it the fleshy and fatty particles interposed betweene them by
Dartos and Erythroides it may be called a particular dropsie for it proceeds from the same causes but chiefely from the defect of native heate The signes are a tumor encreasing slowly without much paine heavy and almost of a glassie clearenesse which you may perceive by holding a candle on the other side by pressing the Codde above the water flowes downe and by pressing it below it rises upwards unlesse peradventure in too great a quantity it fills up the whole capacity of the Codde yet it can never be forced or put up into the belly as the Kall or Guts may for oft times it is contained in a Cyste or bagge it is distinguished from a Saycocele by the smoothnesse and equality thereof The cure must first be tried with resolving drying and discussing medicines repeated often before and in the Chapter of the Dropsie this which followes I have often tried and with good successe â„ž Vng. comitissa desiccat rub an â„¥ ij malaxentur simul and make a medicine for your ease The water by this kinde of remedy is digested and resolved or rather dried up especially if it be not in too great quantity But if the swelling by reason of the great quantity of water will not yeeld to those remedies there is neede of Chirurgery the Cod and membranes wherein the water is contained must be thrust through with a Seton that is with a large three square pointed needle thred with a skeane of silke you must thrust your needle presently through the holes of the mullets made for that purpose not touching the substance of the Testicles The skean of thred must be left there or removed twise or thrise a day that the humor may drop downe and be evacuated by little and little But if the paine be more vehement by reason of the Seton and inflammation come upon it it must be taken away and neglecting the proper cure of the disease we must resist the symptomes Some Practitioners use not a Seton but with a Razor or incision knife they open the lower part of the Cod making an incision some halfe fingers breadth long penetrating even to the contained water alwayes leaving untouched the substance of the Testicles and vessels and they keepe the wound open untill all the water seemes evacuated truly by this onely way the cure of a watery rupture whose matter is contained in a Cyste is safe and to be expected as wee have said in our Treatise of Tumors in generall The Pneumatocele is a flatulent tumor in the Codde generated by the imbecility of heate residing in the part It is knowne by the roundnesse lenity renitencie and shining It is cured by prescribing a convenient diet by the application of medicines which resolve and discusse flatulencies as the seeds of Annis Fennell Faenugreeke Agnus Castus Rue Origanum other things set downe by Avicen in his Treatise of Ruptures I have often used with good successe for this purpose Emplastrum Vigonis cum mercurio and Emplastrum Diacalcitheos dissolved in some good wine as Muscadine with oyle of Bayes A Sarcocele is a tumor against nature which is generated about the stones by a schyrrhus flesh Grosse and viscide humors breed such kind of flesh which the part could not overcome and assimulate to it selfe whence this over-abundance of flesh proceeds like as Warts doe Varices or swollen veines often associate this tumor and it increases with paine It is knowne by the hardnesse asperitie inequality and roughnesse It cannot be cured but by amputation or cutting it away but you must diligently observe that the flesh be not growne too high and have already seazed upon the Groine for so nothing can be attempted without the danger of life But if any may thinke that he in such a case may somewhat ease the patient by the cutting away of some portion of this same soft flesh he is deceived For a Fungt will grow if the least portion thereof be but left being an evill fure worse than the former but if the tumor be either small or indifferent the Chirurgion taking the whole tumor that is the testicle tumefied through the whole substance with the processe encompassing it and adhering thereto on every side and make an incision in the Codde even to the tumor then separate all the tumid body that is the testicle from the Codde then let him thrust a needle with a strong threed in it through the middest of the processe above the region of the swolne testicle and then presently let him thrust it the second time through the same part of the processe then shall both the ends of the threed be tied on a knot the other middle portion of the Peritonaeum being comprehended in the same knot This being done he must cut away the whole processe with the testicle comprehended therein But the ends of the threed with which the upper part of the processe was bound must be suffered to hang some length out of the wound or incision of the Codde Then a repercussive medicine shall be applied to the wound and the neighbouring parts with a convenient ligature And the cure must be performed as we have formely mentioned The Cirsocele is a tumor of veines dilated and woven with a various and mutuall implication about the testicle and codde and swelling with a grosse and melancholy bloud The causes are the same as those of the Varices But the signes are manifest To heale this tumor you must make an incision in the codde the bredth of two fingers to the Varix Then you must put under the varicous veine a needle having a double threed in it as high as you can that you may binde the rootes thereof then let the needle be againe put after the same manner about the lower part of the same veine leaving the space of two fingers betweene the Ligatures But before you binde the thread of this lowest Ligature the Varix must bee opened in the middest almost after the same manner as you open a veine in the arme to let bloud That so this grosse blood causing a tumor in the Cod may be evacuated as is usually done in the Cure of the varices The wound that remaines shall be cured by the rules of Art after the manner of other wounds Leaving the threads in it which will presently fall away of themselves To conclude then it being growne callous especially in the upper part thereof where the veine was bound it must be Cicatrized for so afterwards the bloud cannot be strained or run that way Hernia Humoralis is a tumor generated by the confused mixture of many humors in the Cod or betweene the tunicles which involue the testicles often also in the proper substance of the testicles It hath like causes signes and cure as other tumors While the cure is in hand rest trusses and fit rowlers to sustaine and beare up the testicles are to be used CHAP. XVIII Of the falling
its endeavours with suppurating Medicines CHAP. IX Of Convulsion by reason of a wound A Convulsion is an unvoluntary contraction of the Muscles as of parts moveable at our pleasure towards their originall that is the Braine and Spinall Marrow for by this the Convulsed member or the wholle body if the Convulsion be universall cannot be moved at our pleasure Yet motion is not lost in a Convulsion as it is in a Palsie but it is onely depraved and because sometimes the Convulsion possesseth the whole body otherwhiles some part thereof you must note that there are three kinds of Convulsions in Generall The first is called by the Greekes Tetanos when as the whole body growes stiffe like a stake that it cannot be moved any way The second is called Opisthotanos which is when as the whole body is drawn backwards The third is termed Emprosthotonos which is when the whole body is bended or crooked forwards A particular Convulsion is when as the Muscle of the Eye Tongue and the like parts which is furnished with a Nerve is taken with a Convulsion Repletion or Inanition Sympathy or consent of paine cause a Convulsion Abundance of humours cause Repletion dulling the body by immoderate eating and drinking and omission of exercise or any accustomed evacuation as suppression of the Hemorrhoids and Courses for hence are such like excrementions humours drawne into the Nerves with which they being replete and filled are dilated more than is fit whence necessarily becoming more short they suffer Convulsion Examples whereof appeare in Leather and Lute or Viol-strings which swolne with moysture in a wet season are broken by repletion Immoderate vomitings fluxes bleedings cause Inanition or Emptinesse wherefore a Convulsion caused by a wound is deadly as also by burning feavers For by these and the like causes the inbred and primigeneous humidity of the Nerves is wasted so that they are contracted like leather which is shrunke up by being held too neere the fire or as fidle strings which dryed with Summers heat are broken with violence such a Convulsion is incurable For it is better a Feaver follow a Convulsion than a Convulsion a Feaver as we are taught by Hippocrates so that such a Feaver bee proportionall to the strength of the convulsifique cause and the Convulsion proceede from Repletion for the abundant and grosse humour causing the Convulsion is digested and wasted by the feaverish heat The causes of a Convulsion by reason of paine are either the puncture of a Nerve whether it be by a thing animall as by the biting of a venemous beast or by a thing inanimate as by the prick of a needle thorne or pen-knife or great and piercing cold which is hurtfull to the wounds principally of the nervous parts whereby it comes to passe that by causing great and bitter paine in the nerves they are contracted towards their originall that is the Braine as if they would crave succour from their parents in their distressed estate Besides also an ill vapour carried to the braine from some putrefaction so vellicateth it that contracting it selfe it also contracteth together with it all the Nerues and Muscles as we see it happeneth in those which have the falling sicknesse By which it appeares that not onely the braine itselfe suffereth together with the Nerves but also the Nerves with the Braine The signes of a Convulsion are difficult painefull and depraved motions either of some part or of the whole body turning aside of the Eyes and whole Face a Contraction of the Lippes a drawing in of the Cheekes as if one laughed and an Vniversall sweat CHAP. X. The cure of a Convulsion THe cure of a Convulsion is to bee varied according to the variety of the Convulsive cause for that which proceeds from Repletion must be other-wise cured than that which is caused by Inanition and that which proceeds of paine otherwise than eyther of them For that which is caused by Repletion is cured by discussing and evacuating Medicines as by diet conveniently appointed by purging bleeding digestive locall Medicines exercise frictions sulphurious Baths and other things appointed by the prescription of some learned Physition which shall oversee the cure which may consume the superfluous and excrementitious humours that possesse the substance of the Nerves and habit of the body The locall remedies are Oyles Vnguents and Liniments with which the Neck Back-bone and all the contracted parts shall be annointed The Oyles are the Oyle of Foxes Bayes Camomill Wormes Turpentine of Costus of Castorcum The Oyntments are Vnguentum Arragon Agrippae de Althaea Martiatum This may be the forme of a Liniment ℞ Olei Chamaem Laurin ana ℥ ij Olei Vulp ℥ j. Vnguenti de Althaea Marti an ℥ ss Axungiae vulpis ℥ j. Aquae vitae ℥ j. ss Cerae quantum sufficit Make a Liniment for your use or ℞ Olei Lumbric de Spica de Castoreo ana ℥ iij. Axng. hum ℥ j. Sulphuris vivi ℥ ss Cerae quantū sufficit Make a Liniment or ℞ Vnguenti Martiati Agrip. an ℥ iij. Olei de Terebinth ℥ j. ss Olei Salvia ℥ ss Aquae vitae ℥ j. Cerae ℥ j. ss fiat linimentum But this disease is cured by slender diet and sweating with the Decoctions of Guiacum because by these remedies the grosse tough and viscide excrements which are in fault are digested A Convulsion proceeding of Inanition is to be cured by the use of those things which doe wholesomly and moderately nourish And therefore you must prescribe a diet consisting of meats full of good nourishment as broaths and cullices of Capons Pigeons Veale and Mutton boyling therein Violet and Mallow leaves Conserves must be ordained which may strengthen the debilitated powers and humect the habit of the body such as are the Conserves of Buglosse Violets Borage and water Lillies The following broath will be profitable ℞ Lactucae Buglos portul ana M. j. quatuor seminum frigid major an ℥ ss seminis Barberis ʒ j. Let them al be boiled with a Chicken and let him take the broath every morning If thirst oppresse him the following Iulep will be good ℞ Aquae rosar ℥ iv Aquae viol lb. ss Saccari albissimi ℥ vj. fiat Iuiep utatur in siti If the patient be bound in his body emollient and humecting Clysters shall bee appointed made of the decoction of a sheeps head and feet Mallowes Marsh Mallowes Pellitory of the wall Violet leaves and other things of the like faculty or that the remedy may be more ready and quickly made let the Clysters be of Oyle and Milke Topick remedies shall be Liniments and Bathes Let this be the example of a Liniment ℞ Olei Viol. Amygdal dulc ana ℥ ij Olei Lilior Lumbric ana ℥ j. Axungiae porci recentis ℥ iij. Cerae novae quantum sufficit fiat Linimentum with which let the whole spine and part affected be annointed This shall
The bones of children are more soft thin and replenished with a sanguine humidity than those of old men and therefore more subject to putrefaction Wherefore the wounds which happen to the bones of children though of themselves and their owne nature they may be more easily healed because they are more soft whereby it comes to passe that they may bee more easily agglutinated neither is there fit matter wanting for their agglutination by reason of the plenty of blood laudible both in consistence and quality than in old men whose bones are dryer and harder and so resist union which comes by mixture and their bloud is serous and consequently a more unfit bond of unitie and aggluâ—ination yet oft times through occasion of the symptomes which follow upon them that is putrefaction and corruption which sooner arise in a hot and moyst body and are more speedily encreased in a soft and tender they usually are more suspected and difficult to heale The Patient lives longer of a deadly fracture in the scull in Winter than in Summer for that the native heat is more vigorous in that time than in this besides also the humors putrifie sooner in Summer because unnaturall heat is then easily enflamed and more predominant as many have observed out of Hippocrates The Wounds of the braine and of the Meninges or membranes thereof are most commonly deadly because the action of the muscles of the chest and others serving for respiration is divers times disturbed intercepted whence death insues If a swelling happening upon a wound of the head presently vanish away it is an ill signe unlesse there be some good reason therefore as blood-letting purging or the use of resolving locall medicines as may be gathered by Hippocrates in his Aphorismes If a feaver ensue presently after the beginning of a wound of the head that is upon the fourth or seaventh day which usually happens you must judge it to bee occasioned by the generating of Pus or Matter as it is recited by Hippocrates Neither is such a feaver so much to be feared as that which happens after the seaventh day in which time it ought to be determinated but if it happen upon the tenth or foureteenth day with cold or shaking it is dangerous because it makes us conjecture that there is putrefaction in the braine the Meninges or scull through which occasion it may arise chiefely if other signes shall also concurre which may shew any putrifaction as if the wound shall be pallide and of a faint yellowish colour as flesh lookes after it is washed For as it is in Hippocrates Aphoris 2. sect 7. It is an ill signe if the flesh looke livide when the bone is affected for that colour portends the extinction of the heate through which occasion the lively or indifferently red colour of the part faints and dyes and the flesh there abouts is dissolved into a viscide Pus or filth Commonly another worse affect followes hereon wherein the wound becomming withered and dry lookes like salted flesh sends forth no matter is livide and blacke whence you may conjecture that the bone is corrupted especially if it become rough whereas it was formerly smooth and plaine for it is made rough when Caries or corruption invades it but as the Caries encreases it becomes livide and blacke sanious matter withall sweating out of the Diploe as I have observed in many all which are signes that the native heat is decayed and therefore death at hand but if such a feaver be occasioned from an Erysipelos which is either present or at hand it is usually lesse terrible But you shall know by these signes that the feaver is caused by an Erysipelas confluxe of cholericke matter if it keepe the forme of a Tertian if the fit take them with coldnes and end in a sweat if it be not terminated before the cholerike matter is either converted into Pus or else resolved if the lips of the wound be somwhat swollne as also all the face if the eyes be red and fiery if the necke and chappes bee so stiffe that he can scarse bend the one or open the other if there be great excesse of biting and pricking paine and heate and that farre greater than in a Phlegmon For such an Erysipelous disposition generated of thinne and hot blood chiefely assailes the face and that for two causes The first is by reason of the naturall levity of the cholericke humor the other because of the rarity of the skinne of these parts The cure of such an affect must be performed by two meanes that is evacuation and cooling with humectation If choler alone cause this tumor we must easily bee induced to let blood but we must purge him with medicines evacuating choler If it be an Erisipelas phlegmonodes you must draw blood from the Cephalicke veine of that side which is most affected alwayes using advise of a phisition Having used these generall meanes you must apply refrigerating and humecting things such as are the juice of Night-shade Housleeke Purslaine Lettuce Navell wort Water Lentill or Ducks-meate Gourdes a liniment made of two handfulls of Sorrel boiled in faire water then beaten and drawne through a searse with ointment of Roses or some vnguent Populeon added thereto will bee very commodious Such and the like remedies must be often and so long renued untill the unnaturall heat be extinguished But we must be carefull to abstaine from all unctuous and oyly thing because they may easily be enflamed and so increase the disease Next we must come to resolving medicines but it is good when anything comes from within to without but on the contrary it is ill when it returnes from without inwards as experience and the Authority of Hippocrates testifie If when the bone shall become purulent pustles shall breake out on the tongue by the dropping downe of the acride filth or matter by the holes of the pallate upon the tongue which lyes under Now when this symptome appeares few escape Also it is deadly when one becomes dumbe and stupid that is Apolecticke by a stroake or wound on the head for it is a signe that not onely the bone but also the braine it selfe is hurt But oft times the hurt of the Braine proceedes so farre that from corruption it turnes to a Sphacell in which case they all have not onely pustles on their tongues but some of them dye stupide and mute othersome with a convulsion of the opposite part neither as yet have I observed any which have dyed with either of these symptomes by reason of a wound in the head who have not had the substance of their braine tainted with a Sphacell as it hath appeared when their sculls haue beene opened after their death CHAP. XI Why when the braine is hurt by a wound of the head there may follow a Convulsion of the opposite part MAny have to this day enquired but as yet as farre as I know
Apothecarie had used too straite a ligature to his head and face for this straite ligature so pressed the sutures that the fuliginous vapoures which used to passe through them and the pores of the scull were stopped from passing that way besides the beating of the Arteries was intercepted and hindred by which meanes the paine and inflammation so encreased that his eyes were rent and broke in sunder and fell forth of their orbe Wherefore Hippocrates rightly commends an indifferent ligature also hee fitly wisheth us to let the emplaisters bee soft which are applyed to the head as also the cloathes wherewith it is bound up to bee of soft and thinne linnen or of Cotton or wooll When the patient is in dressing if there come much matter out of the wound you shall wish him if hee can to lye upon the wound and now and then by fits to strive to breathe stopping his mouth and nose that so the braine lifted and swollne upwards the matter may bee the more readily cast forth otherwise suffer him to lye so in his bed as he shall best like of and shal be least troublesome to him You may with good successe put upon the Crassa Meninx oyle of Turpentine with a small quantity of aqua vitae and a little Aloes and Saffron finely powdred to clense or draw forth the Sanies or matter Or else â„ž Mellis rosar â„¥ ij sarinae hord pulver aloes Mastich Ireos Florent an Ê’ss aquâ— vitae parum let them be incorporated together and make a detersive medicine for the foresayd use Sometimes also the Crassa Meninx is inflamed after Trepaning and swolne by a Phlegmon that impatient of its place it rises out of the hole made by the Trepan and lifts its selfe much higher than the scull whence greevous symptomes follow Wherefore to prevent death of which then wee ought to bee afraid wee must inlarge the former hole with our cutting mullets that the matter contained under the scull by reason of whose quantity the membraine swells may the more freely breathe and passe forth and then we must goe about by the prescript of the Phisition to let him bleed againe to purge and diet him The inflammation shall bee resisted by the application of contrary remedies as this following fomentation â„ž Sem. lini althae soen psillij ros rub an â„¥ j. solani plantag an M. j. bulliant in aqua tepida communi ex qua fiat fotus Anodyne and repelling medicines shall bee dropped into his eares when it is exceedingly swolne that the tumor may subside you shall cast upon it the meale or floure of lentills or vine leaves beaten with Goose grease With all which remedies if the tumor doe not vanish and withall you conjecture that there is Pus or matter contained therein then you must open the Dura Mater with your incision knife holding the point upwards and outwards for so the matter will be poured forth and the substance of the braine not hurt nor touched Many other Chirurgions and I my selfe have done this in many patients with various successe For it is better in desperate causes to try a doubtfull remedy than none at all also it oft times happens whither by the violence of the contusion and blow or concretion or clotting of the blood which is shed or the appulse of the cold ayre or the rash application of medicines agreeing neither in temper nor complexion with the Crassa Meninx or also by the putrifaction of the proper substance that the Dura Mater it selfe becomes blacke Of which symptome the Chirurgion must have a great and speciall care Therefore that thou mayst take away the blacknesse caused by the vehemencie of the contusion you shall put upon it oyle of egges with a little Aqua Vitae and a small quantity of Saffron and Orris roots in fine powder you shall also make a â—omentation of discussing and aromaticke things boiled in water and wine and Vigoes Cerat formerly described shall bee applyed But if the harme come from congealed blood you shall withstand it with this following remedie â„ž Aquae Vitae â„¥ ij tritorumÊ’iiss croci ℈ 1. Mellis rosat Ê’jss sarcocol Ê’iij Leviter simul bulliant omnia de colatura infundatur quousque nigrities fuerit obliterata If this affect come by the touch of the ayre it shall bee helped with this following remedie â„ž Tereb ven â„¥ iij. Mellis ros â„¥ ij hordeiÊ’iij creci ℈ j. sarcocol Ê’ij vitaeÊ’ij Incorporentur simul bulliant paululum This remedy shall be used untill the blacknesse be taken away and the membrane recover its pristine colour But if this affect proceedes from the rash use of medicines it must bee helped by application of things contrary For thus the offence caused by the too long use of moyst and oyly medicines maybe amended by using catagmaticke cephalick powders but the heate and biting of acride medicines shal be mitigated by the contrary use of gentle things for both humide and acride things somewhat long used make the part looke blacke that truely by generating and heaping up filth but this by the burning and hardening heate But when such blacknesse proceedes from putrifaction Iohn de Vigo commends the following remedie â„ž aquae vitae â„¥ ij mellis rosat â„¥ ss But if the affect be growne so contumacious that it will not yeeld to this gentle remedy then this following will bee convenient R Aq. vitae â„¥ iij. mellis ros â„¥ j pulver Mercur. Ê’ij vnica ebullitione bulliant simul ad usum dictum Or â„ž aquae vit â„¥ iss syrup absinth mellis ro at an Ê’ij aegyptiaciÊ’ijss an.Ê’j. vini albi boni odoriferi â„¥ j. bulliant leviter omnia simul colentur ad usum dictum But if the force of the putrefaction be so stubborne that it will not yeeld to these remedies it will be helped with Agyptiacum made with plantaine water in steed of Vinegar used alone by its selfe or with the powder of Mercury alone by it selfe or mixt with the powder of Alome Neither must we bee afraid to use such remedies especially in this extreame disease of the Dura Mater for in Galens opinion the Crassa Meninx after the scull is Trepaned delights in medicines that are acride that is strong and very drying especially if it have no Phlegmon and this for two reasons the first is for that hard and dry bodies such as membranous bodies are be not easily affected unlesse by strong medicines the other is which must be the chiefe and prime care of the Physition to preserve and restore the native temper of the part by things of like temper to it But if the auditory passage not onely reaching to the hard membranes of the Braine but also touching the Nerve which descends into it from the braine suffer most vehement medicines though it be placed so neere certainely the Crassa Meninx will endure them farre more
great quantity of matter and Pus flowed forth of his eares mouth and nose then hee was eased of all his symptomes and recovered his health Now for the second Galen affirmes that he saw a Boy in Smirna of Ionia that recovered of a great wound of the braine but yet such an one as did not penetrate to any of the ventricles But Guido of Caulias saith he saw one which lived and recovered after a great portion of the braine fell out by reason of a wound received on the hind part of his head In the yeare of our Lord 1538. while I was Chirurgion to the Marshall of Montejan at Turin I had one of his Pages in cure who playing at quoites received a wound with a stone upon the right Bregnia with a fracture and so great an effracture of the bone that the quantity of halfe a hasell Nut of the braine came forth thereat Which I observing presently pronounced the wound to bee deadly a Physition which was present contradicted my opinion affirming that substance was no portion of the braine but a certaine fatty body But I with reason and experience in presence of a great company of Gentlemen convinced the pertinacie of the Man with reason for that fat cannot be generated under the scull for although the parts there contained be cold yet because they are heated by the abundance of the most hot and subtle animall spirits and the heate of vapours rising thither from all the body they doe not suffer fat to concreate about them But with experience for that in the dissecting of dead bodies there was never any fat observed there besides also fat will swimme on the top of water but this substance as marrowie cast into the water presently sunke to the bottome Lastly fat put to the fire becomes liquide and melts but this substance being layd upon a hot Iron became dry shrunke up and contracted it selfe like a peece of leather but dissolved not at all Wherefore all those which were present cryed out that my judgement was right of that substance that came forth of the scull Yet though it was cut away Page recovered perfectly but that he continued deafe all his life after CHAP. XXIII Of the wounds of the face HAving treated of the wonnds of the head by their causes signes and cure it followes that we now speake of the wounds of the face if but for this that when they are carelessely handled they leave deformed scarres in the most specious and beautifull part of the body The causes are the same which are incident to the scull that is externall But this may bee added to the kindes and differences of the wounds that the life may be out of danger though any one whole part of the face as the eare eye nose lippe may bee cut away by a wound but not so in the head or scull Wherefore beginning at the wounds of the eye browes wee will prosecute in order the wounds of the other parts of the face This is chiefely to bee observed in wounds of the eye-browes that they are oft times cut so overtwhart that the muscles and fleshy pannicle which moove and lift them up are wholy rent and torne In which case the eye liddes cannot be opened and the eyes remaine covered and as it were shut up in the cases of their lids so that even after the agglutination of the wound if the patient would looke upon any thing he is forc'd to hold up the eye-lids with his hand with which insirmity I have seene many troubled yet oft times not so much by the violence of the wound as by the unskilfulnesse of the Chirurgion who cured them that is by the negligent application of boulsters an unfit ligature and more unfit suture In this case the skilfull Chirurgion which is called to the patient shall cut off as much of the skinne and fleshy pannicle as shall serve the eyelids that so they may by their owne strength holde and keepe open without the helpe of the hand then he shall sow the wound as is fit with such a stitch as the Furriers and Glovers use and then he shall poure thereon some of the balsome of my description and shall lay such a medicine to the neighbouring parts R Olei rosar â„¥ ss album oâ—â—r nu ij anÊ’j agitentur simul fiat medicamentum Then let the part be bound with a fitting ligature Afterwards you shall use Emplast degratia Dei Empl. de Betonica Diacalcitheos or some other like untill the wound be cicatrized But such like and all other wounds of the face may be easily healed unlesse they either bee associated with some maligne symptomes or the patient body be repleate with ill humors There sometimes happens a quite contrary accident in wounds of the eye-browes that is when the eye-lids stand so up that the patient is forc'd to sleepe with his eyes open wherefore those which are so aflected are called by the Greeks Lagophthalâ—i The cause of this affect is often internall as a carbuncle or other kinde of abscesse as a blow or stroake It shall be cured by a crooked or semicircular incision made above the eye-liddes but so that the extreames of the semicircle bend downewards that they may be pressed downe and ioyned as much as is needefull to amend the stifnesse of the eye-lidde But you must not violate the gristle with your Instrument for so they could no more be lifted up the residue of the cure must bee performed as is fit CHAP. XXIIII Of the wounds of the eyes WOunds of the eyes are made by the violence of things prickings cutting bruising or otherwise loosing the continuity But the cure must alwayes be varied according to the variety of the causes and differences The first head of the cure is that if any strange and heterogeneous body shall be fallen into the eyes let it be taken forth as soone as you can lifting and turning up the eyelid with the end of a spatula But if you cannot discerne this moate or little body then put three or foure seedes of Clary or Oculus Christi into the pained eye For these seedes are thought to have a faculty to clense the eyes and take out the moats which are not fastned deepe in nor doe too stubbornely adhere to the membranes For in this case you shall use this following instrument for heerewith wee open the eye-lids the further putting it betweene them and the eye and also keepe the eye steddy by gently pressing it that so with our mullets wee may pull out the extraneous body this is the figure of such an Instrument The deliniation of a Speculum oculi fit to dilate and hold asunder the eye-lids and keepe the eye steddy it is so made that it may be dilated and contracted according to the greatnesse of the eyes All strange bodies taken out let this medicine be put into the eye Take the straines of a dozen egges let them be beaten
begun by some long great and vehement or anger or some too violent labour which any of a slender and dry body hath performed in the hot sunne It is also oft time caused by an ulcer or inflammation of the Lungs an empyema of the Chest by any great and long continuing Phlegmon of the liver stomacke mesentery wombe kidneyes Bladder of the guts Iejunam and Colon and also of the other Guts of if the Phlegmon succeed some long Diarrhoea Lienteria or bloody flix whence a consumption of the whole body and at last a hecticke feaver the heate becomming more acride the moysture of the body being consumed This kinde of feaver as it is most easely to bee knowne so is it most difficulty to cure the pulse in this feaver is hard by reason of the drynesse of the Artery which is a solide part and it is weake by reason of the debility of the vitall faculty the substance of the heart being assaulted But it is little and frequent because of the distemper and heate of the heart which for that it cannot by reason of its weakenesse cause a great pulse to coole its selfe it labours by the oftennesse to supply that defect But for the pulse it is a proper signe of this feaver that one or two houres after meate the pulse feeles stronger than usuall and then also there is a more acride heate over all the patients body The heate of this flame lasts untill the nourishment bee distributed over all the patients body in which time the drynesse of the heart in some sort tempered and recreated by the appulse of moyst nourishment the heate increases no otherwise than lime which a little before seemed cold to the touch but sprinkled and moystned with water growes so hot as it smoakes and boyled up At other times there is a perpetuall equallity of heate and pulse in smallnesse faintnesse obscurity frequency and hardnesse without any excerbation so that the patient cannot thinke himselfe to have a feaver yea hee cannot complaine of any thing hee feeles no no paine which is another proper signe of an hecticke feaver The cause that the heate doth not shew its selfe is it doth not possesse the surface of the body that is the spirits and humours but lyes as buried in the earthy grossenesse of the solide parts Yet if you hold your hand somewhat you shall at length perceive the heate more acride and biting the way being opened thereto by the skinne rarifyed by the gentle touch of the warme and temperate hand Wherefore if at any time in these kinde of feavers the Patient feele any paine and perceive himselfe troubled with an inequality and excesse of heate it is a signe that the hecticke feaver is not simple but conjoyned with a putride feaver which causeth such inequality as the heate doth more or lesse seace upon matter subjecte to putrefaction for a hecticke feaver of its selfe is void of all equality unlesse it proceede from some externall cause as from meate Certainely if an Hippocratique face may be found in any disease it may in this by reason of the colliquation or wasting away the triple substance In the cure of this disease you must diligently observe with what affects it is entangled and whence it was caused Wherefore first you must know whether this feaver be a disease or else a symptome For if it be symptom aticall it cannot be cured as long as the disease the cause thereof remaines uncured as if an ulcer of the guts occasioned by a bloody flixe shall have caused it or else a fistulous ulcer in the Chest caused by some wound received on that part it will never admit of cure unlesse first the fistulous or dysenterick ulcer shall be cured because the disease feedes the symptomes as the cause the effect But if it be a simple and essentiall hecticke feaver for that it hath its essence consisting in an hot and dry distemper which is not fixed in the humors but in the solide parts all the counsell of the Physition must be to renue the body but not to purge it for onely the humors require purging and not the defaults of the solide parts Therefore the solide parts must bee refrigerated and humected which wee may doe by medicines taken inwardly and applyed out-wardly The things which may with good successe bee taken inwardly into the body for this purpose are medicinall nourishments For hence we shall finde more certaine and manifest good than from altering medicines that is wholly refrigerating and humecting without any manner of nourishment For by reason of that portion fit for nutriment which is therewith mixed they are drawne and carried more powerfully to the parts and also converted into their substance whereby it comes to passe that they doe not humect and coole them lightly and superficially like the medicines which have onely power to alter and change the body but they carry their qualities more throughly even into the innermost substance Of these things some are herbes as violets purssaine buglosse endive ducks-meat or water lentill mallowes especially when the belly shall be bound Some are fruits as gourds cowcumbers apples prunes raisons sweete almonds and fresh or new pine-apple kernells In the number of seedes are the foure greater and lesser cold seedes and these new for their native humidity the seedes of poppyes berberries quinces The floures of buglosse violets water lillies are also convenient of all these things let broth be made with a chicken to bee taken in the morning for eight or nine dayes after the first concoction For meates in the beginning of the disease when the faculties are not too much debilitated hee shall use such as nourish much and long though of hard digestion such as the extreame parts of beasts as the feete of Calves Hoggs feete not salted the flesh of a Tortois which hath lived so long in a garden as may suffice to digest the excrementitious humidity the flesh of white Snailes and such as have beene gathered in a vineyard of frogs river Crabs Eeles taken in cleere waters and welcooked hard egges eaten with the juice of Sorrell without spices Whitings and stockfish For al such things because they have a tough and glutiuons juice are easily put gluti nated to the parts of our body neither are they so easily dissipated by the feaverish heat But when the patient languisheth of a long hectick he must feede upon meats of easiy digestion and these boyled rather than roasted for boyled meats humect more and roasted more easily turne into choler Wherefore hee may use to eate Veale Kid Capon Pullet boyled with refrigerating and humecting hearbes hee may also use Barly creames Almond milkes as also bread crummed and moystened with rose water and boyled in a decoction of the foure cold seedes with sugar of roses for such a Panada cooles the liver and the habite of the whole body and nourisheth withall The Testicles wings
nature as Seneca saith wee must not doubt to be divine if but for this reason that they will melt gold and silver not harming the purse a sword not hurting the scabbard the head of a Lance not burning the wood and shed wine not breaking the vessell According to which decree I can grant that these Lightnings which breake in sunder melte and dissipate and performe other effects so full of admiration are like in substance to the shot of great Ordinance but not these which carry with them fire and flame In proofe whereof there comes into my minde the historie of a certaine Souldier out of whose thigh I remember I drew forth a Bullet wrapped in the taffety of his breeches which had not any signe of tearing or burning Besides I have seene many who not wounded nor so much as touched yet notwithstanding have with the very report winde of a Cannon bullet sliding close by their eares fallne downe for dead so that their members becomming livid black they have dyed by a Gangrene ensuing thereupon These and such effects are like the effects of Lightnings which wee lately mentioned and yet they beare no signe nor marke of poyson From whence I dare now boldly conclude that wounds made by Gunshot are neither poysoned nor burnt But seeing the danger of such wounds in these last civill warres hath beene so great universall and deadly to so many worthy personages and valiant men what then may have beene the cause thereof if it were neither combustion nor the venenate qualitie of the wound This must wee therefore now insist upon and somewhat hardily explaine Those who have spent all their time in the learning and searching out the mysteries of Naturall Philosophie would have all men thinke and beleeve that the foure Elements have such mutuall sympathy that they may bee changed each into other so that they not onely undergoe the alterations of the first qualities which are heate coldnesse drynesse and moisture but also the mutation of their proper substances by rarefaction and condensation For thus the fire is frequently changed into ayre the ayre into water the water into aire and the water into earth and on the contrary the earth into water the water into aire the aire into fire because these 4. first bodies have in their common matter enjoyed the contrary and fighting yet first and principall qualities of all Whereof we have an example in the Ball-bellowes brought out of Germany which are made of brasse hollow and round and have a very small hole in them whereby the water is put in and so put to the fire the water by the action thereof is rarified into aire and so they send forth winde with a great noyse and blow strongly as soone as they grow throughly hot You may try the same with Chesnuts which cast whole and undivided into the fire presently fly asunder with a great cracke because the watry and innate humidity turned into winde by the force of the fire forcibly breakes his passage forth For the aire or winde raised from the water by rarifaction requires a larger place neither can it now bee conteined in the narrow filmes or skinnes of the Chesnut wherein it was formerly kept Iust after the same manner Gunpouder being fiered turnes into a farre greater proportion of ayre according to the truth of that Philosophicall proposition which saith Of one part of earth there are made ten of water of one of water ten of aire and of one of aire are made ten of fire Now this fire not possible to be â—ent in the narrow space of the peice wherein the pouder was formerly conteined endeavours to force its passage with violence and so casts forth the Bullet lying in the way yet so that it presently vanishes into aire and doth not accompany the Bullet to the marke or object which it batters spoiles and breakes asunder Yet the Bullet may drive the obvious aire with such violence that men are often sooner touched therewith than with the bullet and dye by having their bones shattered and broken without any hurt on the flesh which covers them which as wee formerly noted it hath common with Lightning We finde the like in Mines when the pouder is once fiered it remooves and shakes even mountaines of earth In the yeare of our Lord 1562 a quantity of this pouder which was not very great taking fire by accident in the Arcenall of Paris caused such a tempest that the whole City shoke therewith but it quite overturned divers of the neighbouring houses and shooke off the tyles and broke the windowes of those which were further off and to conclude like a storme of Lightning it laid many here and there for dead some lost their sight others their hearing and othersome had their limbes torne asunder as if they had beene rent with wilde horses and all this was done by the onely agitation of the aire into which the fired Gunpouder was turned Iust after the same manner as windes pent up in hollow places of the earth which want vents For in seeking passage forth they vehemently shake the sides of the Earth and raging with a great noise about the cavities they make all the surface thereof to tremble so that by the various agitation one while up another downe it overturnes or carries it to another place For thus we have read that Megara and Aegina anciently most famous Citties of Greece were swallowed up and quite overturned by an earthquake I omit the great blusterings of the windes striving in the cavities of the earth which represent to such as heare them at some distance the fierce assailing of Citties the bellowing of Bulles the horrid roarings of Lions neither are they much unlike to the roaring reports of Cannons These things being thus premised let us come to the thing we have in hand Amongst things necessary for life there is none causes greater changes in us than the aire which is continually drawne into the Bowells appointed by nature and whether we sleepe wake or what else soever we doe we continually draw in and breath it out Through which occasion Hippocrates calls it Divine for that breathing through this mundane Orbe it embraces nourishes defends and keepes in quiet peace all things contained therein friendly conspiring with the starres from whom a divine vertue is infused therein For the aire diversly changed and affected by the starres doth in like manner produce various changes in these lower mundane bodies And hence it is that Philosophers and Physitions doe so seriously wish us to behold and consider the culture and habite of places and constitution of the aire when they treate of preserving of health or curing diseases For in these the great power and dominion of the aire is very apparent as you may gather by the foure seasons of the yeare for in summer the aire being hot and dry heats and dries our bodies but in winter it produceth in us the
by the fiered Gun-pouder throw downe all things with a horrid force and that more speedily and violently by how much they resist the more powerfully by their hardnesse They report that Lightning melts the money not hurting the purse Now many by the onely violence of the aire agitated and vehemently mooved by shooting a peice of Ordinance as touched with Lightning have dyed in a moment their bones beeing shivered and broken no signe of hurt appearing in the skinne The smell of Gunpouder when it is fiered is hurtfull firy and sulphurous just like that which exhales or comes from bodies killed with Lightning For men doe not onely shunne this smell but also wilde Beasts leave their Dennes if touched with Lightnings Now the cruelty of great Ordinance makes no lesse spoyle amongst buildings nor slaughter amongst men and beasts than Lightnings doe as wee have formerly showne by examples not onely horrid to see but even to heare reported as of Mines the Arcenall of Paris the Cittie of Malignes These may seeme sufficient to reach that Thunder and Lightning have a great similitude with the shooting of great Ordinance which notwithstanding I would not have alike in all things For they neither agree in substance nor matter but onely in the manner of violent breaking asunder the objects Now let us see and examine what manner of cure of wounds made by Gunshot our adversarie substitutes for ours For hee would have suppuratives used and applyed yet such as should not be hot and most in qualitie or of an Emplasticke consistence but hot and dry things For saith hee here is not the same reason as in Abscesses where the Physition intends nothing but suppuration But heere because a contusion is present with the wound this requires to bee ripened with suppuratives but the wound to be dryed Now to answer this objection I will referre him to Galen who will teach him the nature of suppuratives from whom also hee may learne that great regard is to be had of the cause and more urgent order in the cure of compound diseases then would I willingly learne of him whether he can heale a wound made by Gunshot not first bringing that which is contused to perfect maturitie If hee affirme hee can I will be judged by whatsoever Practitioners hee will to judge how obscure these things are Whereby you may the better understand there is nothing more commodious than our Basilicon and oyle of Whelpes to ripen wounds made by Gunshot if so bee that putrifaction corruption a Gangreen or some other thing doe not hinder Then would hee have Oxycrate poured into these wounds to stay their bleeding which if it cannot so bee stayed hee would have a medicine applyed consisting of the white of an Egge Bole Armenicke oile of Roses and salt But I leave it to other mens judgement whether these medicines have power to stay bleeding if put into the wound certainly they will make it bleede the more For Vinegar seeing it is of a tenuious substance and biting it is no doubt but that it will cause paine defluxion and inflammation To which purpose I remember I put to stanch bleeding for want of another remedie a medicine wherein was some Vinegar into a wound received by a Moore an attendant of the Earle of Roissy hurt with a Lance run through his arme before Bologne by an English horseman But he comes againe to mee a little after complaining and crying out that all his arme burnt like fire wherefore I was glad to dresse him againe and put another medicine into his wound and layd an astringent medicine upon the wound but poured it not therein And then above all other remedies hee extolls his Balsame composed of Oyle of Waxe and Myrrhe beaten together with the white of an Egge which hee saith is equall in operation to the naturall Balsame of Peru. For hee affirmes that this hath a facultie to consume the excrementitious humidity of wounds and so strengthens the parts that no symptome afterwards troubles them Yet hee saith this doth not so well heale and agglutinate these wounds as it doth others which are cut Verily it is ridiculous to thinke that contused wounds can bee healed after the same manner as simple wounds may which onely require the uniting of the loosed continuitie Therefore neither can these Balsames be fit remedies to heale wounds made by Gunshot seeing by reason of their drynesse they hinder suppuration which unlesse it be procured the patient cannot be healed Wherefore such things ought not to be put into wounds of this nature before they be ripened washed and clensed from their filth Yet can I scarse conceive where we shall be able to finde out so many Chymists which may furnish us with these things sufficiently to dresse so many wounded souldiers as usually are in an Army or whence the souldiers shall have sufficient meanes to beare the charge thereof Also that which he saith is absurd that these Balsames must bee put into the wounds without Tents and presently forgetting himselfe hee saith It will not bee amisse if there bee a little and slender Tent put into the wound which may onely serve to hinder the agglutination thereof But how can these Balsames come to the bottomes of wounds without Tents when as it is their chiefe propertie to carry medicines even to the innermost parts of the wounds and alwayes keepe open a free passage for the evacuation of the quitture But it is note worthy that after hee hath rejected unguentum Aegyptiacum hee neverthelesse bids to apply it from the beginning untill the contusion come to perfect maturation dissolving it in a decoction of the tops of wormewood S. Iohn Wurt the lesser Centory and Plantaine and so injecting it into the wound Besides also a little after hee gives another way of using it which is to boyle a quantity of Hony of Roses in plantaine water carefully sciming it untill it bee boiled to the consistence of Hony and then to adde as much Aegyptiacum thereto and so to make an oyntment most fit to bring these wounds to supputation But I leave it for any skilfull in Chirurgery to judge whether such medicines can bee suppuratives or whether they bee not rather detersives Last of all hee writes that these wounds must bee drest but every fourth day And if there bee a fracture of the bone joyned with the wound then to moove nothing after the first dressing untill the eighth day after then presently in another place hee faith it will bee good and expedient to drop ten or twelve droppes of the formerly described Balsame every day into the wound Verily such doctrine which neyther agrees with its selfe nor the truth cannot but much pusle a Novice and young Practitioner in Chirurgery who is not yet versed in the Art or the operations thereof CHAP. XIIII Another Apologie against those who have laboured with new reasons to proove that wounds made by Gunshot are poysoned SOme
wherefore all such things shall be used in forme of an Eglegma to be taken lying on the backe and swallowed downe by little and little opening the muscles of the throate least the medicine passing downe sodainely and in great quantity cause a cough a thing exceeding hurtfull to these kinds of Vlcers When they must be clensed you shall have crude honey which hath a singular faculty above all other detergent things in these kind of Vlcers But when they can conveniently swallow you shall mixe Gumme Tragacanth dissolved in some astringent decoction In Vlcers of the stomacke all acride things as I have formerly advised must be shunned as those which may cause paine inflammation and vomite and besides hinder the digestion of the meate Therefore let them frequently use a ptisan and sugered gellyes wherein Gumme Tragacanth and bole Armenicke have beene put the decoction of Prunes Dates Figges Raisons Honey Cowes milke boyled with the yoalkes of egges and a little common honey When they are to be agglutinated it will be convenient to make use of austere astringent and agglutinative things which want all acrimony and ungratefull taste such as are Hypocistis Pomegranate flowres and pills terra sigillata sumach acacia a decoction of quinces the Lentiske wood the tops of Vines of brambles myrtles made in astringent wine unlesse there be feare of inflammation Their drinke shall be Hydromel water with Sugar syrupe of Violets and Iujubes Honey mixed with other medicines is a very fitting remedy for Vlcers of the guts and other parts more remote from the stomacke for if you shall use astringent medicines alone of themselves they will sticke to the stomacke neither will they carry their strength any further but honey mixed with them besides that it distributes them to the rest of the body and helpes them forwards to the affected parts also clenses the Vlcers themselves Here also Asses milke may with good successe be used in stead of Goates or Cowes milke The use of a valnerary potion is almost commendable if so bee that it bee made of such hearbes and simples as by a certaine tacite familiartiy have respect to the parts affected But the Vlcers of the Guts have this difference amongst themselves that if the greater guts be affected you may heale them with a Glyster and injections made also sharpe to correct the putrefaction such as are those which are made of Barly water or wine with Aegyptiacum But if the small guts be ulcerated they must bee rather healed by potions and other things taken at the mouth for that as Galen saith these things which are put up into the body by the Fundament doe not commonly ascend to the small or slender guts but such as are taken at the mouth cannot come unlesse with the losse of their faculty so farre as the great guts CHAP. XVIII Of the Vlcers of the Kidneyes and Bladder VLcers are caused in the Kidnyes and Bladder either by the use of acride meates drinkes or medicines as Cantharides or else by the collection of an acride humor bred in that place sent or falne thither or else by the rupture of some vessell or an abscesse broken and degenerated into an Vlcer as it sometimes comes to passe They are discerned by their site for the paine and heavinesse of Vlcers of the Reines comes to the Loynes and the Pus or matter is evacuated well and throughly mixed with the Vrine Neither doth the Pus which flowes from the renies stinke so ill as that which is cast forth of the bladder the reason is for that the bladder being a bloodlesse fleshlesse membranous part hath not such power to resist putrefaction that pus which flowes from the Kidneyes never flowes without water and although by long keeping in an Vrinall it at length subsides or falls to the bottome and may be seene separated yet when it is first made you may see it perfectly mixed with the Vrine but that Pus which flowes from the bladder is oft times made alone without Vrine usually it comes to passe that the Pus or matter which flowes from the ulcerated Kidnyes hath in it certaine caruncles or as it were haires according to the rule of Hippocrates Those who in a thicke Vrine have little caâ—uncles and as it were haires come forth together therewith they come from their Kidnyes but on the contrarie those who have certaine bran-like scailes come from them in a thicke Vrine their bladder is scabby or troubled with a scabby Vlcer For the cure it is expedient that the belly be soluble either by nature or Art and the use of mollifying Glysters And it is good to vomit sometimes so to draw backe the humors by whose confluxe into the affected part the Vlcer might bee seed and made more sordide and filthy You must beware of strong purgations least the humors being moved and too much agitated the matter fit to nourish the Vlcer may fall downe upon the Kidnyes or bladder The ensuing potion is very effectuall to mundifie those kind of Vlcers â„ž Hordei integri M. ij glycyrrhizae ras contus â„¥ ss rad acetosae petrosel an Ê’vj fiat decoctio ad lb. j. in colatura dissolve mellis dispum â„¥ ij Let him take every morning the quantity of foure Ounces Gordonius exceedingly commends the following Trochisces â„ž quator sem frig maj mundatorum sem papaveris albi sem malvae portul cydon baccarum myrti tragacanth gum arab nucum pinearum mund pistach glycyrrhizae mund â—ucaginis sem psilij amygd dulc hordei mund an Ê’ij bol armeni sang dracâ—spodij rosarum myrrhae an â„¥ ss ponderisÊ’ij Let him take one thereof in the morning dissolved in Barly water or Goates milke Galen bids to mixe honey and diureticke things with medicines made for the Vlcers of the Reines and bladder for that they gently move Vrine and are as vehicles to carry the medicines to the part affected Vlcers of the bladder are either in the bottome thereof or at the necke and urinary passage If they be in the bottome the paine is almost continuall if in the necke the paine then prickes and is most terrible when they make water and presently after The Vlcer which is is the bottome sends forth certaine scaly or skinny excrements together with the Vrine but that which is in the necke causes almost a continuall Tentigo Those which are in the bottome are for the most part incurable both by reason of the bloodlesse and nervous nature of the part as also for that the Vlcer is continually chased and troubled by the acrimony of the Vrine so that it can hardly be cicatrized For even after making of water some reliques of the Vrine alwayes remaine in the bottome of the bladder which could not therefore passe forth together with the rest of the Vrine for that for the passing forth of the Vrine the bladder being distended before falls
Therefore universall medicines being premised cupping glasses shal be applyed to the originall of the spinall marrow and the shoulders as also cauteries or Setons the eye shall be pressed or held downe with clothes doubled and steeped in an astringent decoction made of the juice of Acacia red roses the leaves of poppy henbane roses and pomegranate pills of which things poultisses may bee made by addition of barly meale and the like There is sometimes to bee seene in the eye an affect contrary to this and it is termed Atrophia By this the whole substance of the eye growes lanke and decayes and the apple it selfe becomes much lesse But if the consumption and emaciation take hold of the pupill onely the Greekes by a peculiar name and different from the generall terme it a Phihisis as Paulus teacheth Contrary causes shall bee opposed to each affect hot and attractive fomentations shall be applyed frictions shall be used in the neighbouring parts and lastly all things shall be applyed which may without danger be used to attract the bloud and spirits into the parts There is another affect of the eye of affinity to the Proptosis which by the Greeks is termed Chemosis Now this is nothing else than when both the eye-lids are turned up by a great inflammation so that they can scarce cover the eyes and the white of the eye is lifted much higher up than the blacke Sometimes the Adnata changing his wont looketh red besides also this affect may take its originall from externall causes as a wound contusion and the like But according to the variety of the causes and the condition of the present affect fixed and remaining in the part divers remedies shall be appointed CHAP. XIV Of the Ungula or Web. THE Ungula Pterygion or Web is the growth of a certaine fibrous and membranous flesh upon the upper coate of the eye called Adnata arising more frequently in the bigger but sometimes in the lesser corner towards the temples When it is neglected it covers not onely the Adnata but also some portion of the Cornea and comming to the pupill it selfe hurts the sight thereof Such a Web sometimes adheres not at all to the Adnata but is onely stretched over it from the corners of the eye so that you may thrust a probe betweene it and the Adnata it is of severall colours somewhiles red somewhiles yellow somewhiles duekish other-whiles white It hath its originall either from externall causes as a blow fall and the like or from internall as the defluxion of humours into the eyes The Ungula which is inveterate and that hath acquired much thicknesse and breadth and besides doth difficultly adhere to the Adnata is difficultly taken away neither may it bee helped by medicines whereby scars in the eyes are extenuated But that which covereth the whole pupill must not bee touched by the Surgeon for being cut away the scar which is left by its density hindereth the entrance of objects to the cristalline humour and the egresse of the animall spirit to them But oftentimes it is accompanied with an inflammation of the eyes a burning itching weeping defluxion and swelling of the eye-lids That the cure may rightly and happily proceed hee must first use a spare diet purging medicines shall be given and bloud taken away by opening a veine especially if there be great inflammation For particular remedies this excrescence shall be eaten away or at least kept from growth by dropping into the eye collyrium of vitrioll described in wounds of the eyes But if that wee profit nothing by this meanes it remaineth that wee take it away with the hand after the following manner You shall set the patient upon a forme or stoole and make him leane much backe and be so held firmely that he may not fall nor stirre then must you open his sore eye putting therein the speculum oculi formerly described in treating of the wounds of this part and then must you lift up the Web it selfe with a sharpe little hook with the point turned a little in and put under the midst of the Web when you have lifted it a little up thrust a needle threaded with a smoth threed between it the Adnata then taking hold of the hooke and the two ends of the threed drawne through with the needle and lifting up the Web by them you shall gently begin to separate it from the substance of the eye lying there-under beginning at the originall thereof with a crooked incision knife and so prosecute it even to the end yet so as you hurt no part of the Adnata nor Cornea The figures of little hookes a needle and crooked incision knife Little Hookes A needle A crooked incision knife Then must it bee cut off with a paire sissers and the white of an egge beaten with some rose-Rose-water laid thereon and often renewed Afterwards the eye must every day be opened lest comming to cicatrization the eye-lids shall be glewed together in that part whereas the Web is taken away which also shall bee hindred by putting of common salte sage and cummin seeds into the eye being first champed and chawed in the mouth There are some who in stead of the crooked knife separate the Web from the Adnata with a horses haire others do it with a goose quill made ready for the same purpose taking heed that they hurt not the caruncle at the corner by the nose for it will follow if that you draw the Web away too violently and if it be cut there will remain a hole through which during the rest of the life a weeping humour will continually flow a disease by the Greeks termed Rhyas If after the cutting there be fear of inflammation linnen rags moystned in repelling medicines formerly prescribed in wounds of the eye shall bee layd thereupon CHAP. XV. Of the Aegilops fistula lachrimosa or weeping Fistula of the eye AT the greater corner of the eye there is a glandule made for the receiving and contayning the moysture which serveth for the lubricating and humecting the eye least it should dry by continuall motion This Glandule sometimes by a sanguine or pituitous defluxion falling violently from the brain swels impostumates ulcerates with an ulcer not seldome degenerating into a fistula so that in successe of time it rotteth the bone that lyeth under it of such fistulaes some are open outwardly and these usually have their originall from a phlegmon other some are inwardly and those are such as at first swelled by the defluxion or congestion of a phlegmaticke matter so that there appeareth no hole outwardly but onely a tumor of the bignesse of a pease this tumor being pressed floweth with a sanious serous and red or otherwise with a white and viscide matter and that either by the corner of the eye or by the inside of the nose Some have this matter flowing continually others have it onely monethly which is proper
his jawes wherefore let him feed upon liquid meats as ponado barly cream cullisses gellyes reare egs and other meates of the like nature At the end of eight dayes the ligature that binds up his eyes shall be loosed and his eyes washed with rose water and putting on spectacles or some taffaty the patient shall by little and little accustome himselfe to the light lest hee should bee offended by the sudden meeting with light But if the suffusion after some short while after lift it selfe up againe it must bee couched againe but through a new hole for the eye is pained and tender in the former place It sometimes happens by the touch of the needle that the Cataract is not couched whole but is broken into many peeces then therefore each of them must be followed and couched severally if there be any very small particle which scapes the needle it must bee let alone for there is no doubt but that in processe of time it may be dissolved by the force of the native heat There are also some Cataracts which at the first touch of the needle are diffused turne into a substance like to milke or troubled water for that they are not throughly ripe yet these put us in good hope of recovery and it bee but for this that they can never afterwards concrete into one body as before Wherefore at the length they are also discussed by the strength of the native heat and then the eye recovers its former splendor If that any other symptomes come unlooked for they shall be helped by new counsels and their appropriate remedies CHAP. XXIII Of the stopping of the passage of the eares and the falling of things thereinto IT sometimes happeneth that children are born without any holes in their eares a certaine fleshy or membranous substance growing in their bottome or first entrance The same may also happen afterwards by accident they being ulcerated by some impostume or wound and the eare shut up by some fleshy excrescence or scar When as the stopping is in the bottome of the cavity the cure is more difficult than if it were in the first entrance But there is a double way of cure for this substance whatsoever it be must either be cut out or else eaten away and consumed by acrid and catheriticke medicines in performance of which there is need of great moderation of the mind and hand For it is a part endued with most exquisite sence and neare the braine wherefore by handling it too roughly there is feare of distension of the nerves and consequently of death Sometimes also the preternaturall falling of strange bodies into this passage maketh a stopping of the eares such as are fragments of stones gold silver iron and the like mettals pearles cherry-stones or kernels peafe and other such like pulse Now solid and bonie bodies still retaine the same magnitude but pease seeds and kernels by drawing the moisture there implanted into them swell up and cause vehement pain by the distension of the neighbouring parts wherefore the sooner they are drawne forth the better it is for the patient This shall be done with small pincers and instruments made in the shape of earepicks But if you profit nothing thus then must you use such gymblets as are made for the drawing forth of bullets shot deep into the body Little stones and bodies of the like stony hardnesse shall bee forced forth by the brain provoked to concussion by sneesing by dropping some oyle of almonds first into the passage of the eare that the way may be the more slippery for it will come to passe by this sneesing or violence of the internall aire forcibly seeking passage out that at length they may bee cast forth the mouth and nostrils being stopped with the hand But if wee cannot thus prevaile it remaines that we cut open the passage with an incision knife so much as shall be sufficient for the putting in and using of an instrument for to extract them If any creeping things of little creatures as fleas ticks pismires gnats and the like which sometimes happeneth shall get therein you may kill them by dropping in a little oyle and vineger There is a certaine little creeping thing which for piercing and getting into the eares the French call Perse-oreille wee an Eare-wigge This if it chance to get into the eare may be killed by the foresaid meanes you may also catch it or draw it forth by laying halfe an apple to your eare as a bait for it CHAP. XXIV Of getting of little bones and such like things out of the jawes and throate SOmetimes little bones and such like things in eating greedily use to sticke or as it were fasten themselves in the jawes or throate Such bodies if you can come to the sight of them shall bee taken out with long slender and croked mallets made like a Cranes beake If they do not appear nor there be no means to take them forth they shal be cast forth by causing vomit or with swallowing a crust of bread or a dry fig gently chawed and so swallowed or else they shall be thrust downe into the stomacke or plucked back with a leeke or some other such like long and stiffe crooked body annoynted with oile and thrust downe the throate If any such like thing shall get into the Weazon you must cause coughing by taking sharpe things or else sneesing so to cast forth whatsoever is there troublesome CHAP. XXV Of the Tooth-ache OF all paines there is none which more cruelly tormenteth the patients than the Tooth-ache For wee see them oft-times after the manner of other bones to suffer inflammation which will quickly suppurate and they become rotten and at length fall away piecemeale for wee see them by daily experience to be eaten and hollowed and to breed wormes some portion of them putrefying The cause of such paine is either internall or externall and primitive The internall is a hot or cold defluxion of humours upon them filling their sockets thence consequently driving out the teeth which is the reason that they stand sometimes so farre forth that the patient neither dares nor can make use of them to chaw for feare of paine for that they are loose in their sockets by the relaxation of the gums caused by the falling downe of the defluxion When as they are rotten and perforated even to the roots if any portion of the liquor in drinking fall into them they are pained as if you thrust in a pin or bodkin the bitternesse of the paine is such The signes of a hot defluxion are sharpe and pricking paine as if needles were thrust into them a great pulsation in the roote of the pained tooth and the temples and some ease by the use of cold things Now the signes of a cold defluxion are a great heavinesse of the head much and frequent spitting some mitigation by the use of hot remedies In the bitternesse
this following glyster hath done good to many â„ž fol. lactuc. scariol portul an m. i. flor viol nenuph. an p. i. fiat decoctio ad lib. i. in colatura dissolve cassiae fistulae â„¥ i. mellis viol sacch rub an â„¥ iss olei viol â„¥ iiii siat clyster This which followeth is the fitter to asswage the paine â„ž flo cham melil summitat aneth berul an p. ii fiat decoctio in lacte vaccino in colatura dissolve cassiae fistul sacchar alb an â„¥ i. vitellos ovorum num ii anÊ’ii fiat clyster In the interim let the kidneys bee annointed on the outside with unguentum rosatum refrigerans Galen and populeon used severally or mixed together laying thereupon a double linnen cloth dipped in oxycrate But if the concretion of the stone be of a cold cause the remedies must bee varied as follows â„ž terebinth venet Ê’i citriÊ’ii aquae coct Ê’ii fiat potio Or else â„ž cassiaerecent extract Ê’vi benedict lax Ê’iii aq foenicul â„¥ ii aq asparag â„¥ i. fiat potio let him take it three houres before dinner this following apozeme is also good â„ž anÊ’iii bismal cum toto beton an m. ss anÊ’ii sem melon glycyrhiz ras an Ê’iiss ficus num 4. fiat decoct ad quart iii. in expressâ— colatura dissolve syrup de caphan oxymilitis scillitici an â„¥ i. ss sacchar albis â„¥ iii. fiat apozema pro tribus dosibus clarificetur aromatiz cum Ê’i cinam Ê’ss sant citrin let him take foure ounces three houres before dinner Or else â„ž rad petrosel foenicul an â„¥ i. saxifrag pimp gram bardan. an m. ss quatuor seminum frig major mundat milii solis an Ê’ii fiat decoctio cape de colatura lb. ss in qua dissolve sacch rub syrup capill ven an â„¥ i. ss Let it be taken at three doses two houres before meat The following powder is very effectuall to dissolve the matter of the stone â„ž sem petrosel rad ejusdem mundat an â„¥ ss sem cardui quem colcitrapam vocant â„¥ i. let them be dryed in an oven or stone with a gentle fire afterwards let them be beaten severally and make a powder whereof let the patient take ℈ i. ss or two scruples with white wine or chicken broth fasting in the morning by the space of three daies Or â„ž coriand praep ℈ iv anÊ’ii zinzib cinam an ℈ ii electiÊ’i cari ℈ ii galang nucis moschat lapid judiaci an ℈ i. diacrydiâ—Ê’ii ss misce fiat pulvis the dosis is about Ê’i with white wine three houres before meate Against the flatulencies which much distend the guts in this kind of disease glisters shall be thus made â„ž malv. bismal pariet origani calament flo chamaem sumitat anethi an m. ss anisi carvi cumini foenic. an â„¥ ss baccar laur Ê’iii rutaeÊ’ii fiat decoctio in colatura dissolve bened lax vel diaphaenic â„¥ ss lauriÊ’iii sacchar rub â„¥ i. olei aneth chamaem rutar an â„¥ i. fiat clyster Or â„ž olei nucum vini mal an lb. ss aq vitae â„¥ ss fiat clyster let it be kept long that so it may have the more power to discusse the winde CHAP. XXXVIII What is to be done when the stone falleth out of the Kidney into the Ureter OFt-times it falleth out that the reines using their expulsive faculty force downe the stone whose concretion and generation the Physicians by the formerly prescribed meanes could not hinder from themselves into the ureters but it stayeth there either by reason of the straightnesse of the place or the debility of the expulsive faculty Therefore then cruell paine tormenteth the patient in that place whereas the stone sticketh which also by consent may be communicated to the hippe bladder â—esticles and yard with a continuall desire to make water and goe to stoole In this case it behooveth the Physician that he supply the defect of nature and assist the weake indeavours Therefore let the patient if he be able mount upon a trotting horse and ride upon him the space of some two miles or if hee can have no opportunity to doe so then let him run up and downe a paire of staires untill he be weary and even sweat again for the stone by this exercise is oft-times shaken into the bladder then presently shall be given or taken by the mouth such things as have a lenitive and relaxing facultie as oyle of sweet almonds newly drawne and that without fire and mixed with the water of pellitorie of the wall and white wine Let frictions of the whole body be made from above downewards with hot clothes let Ventoses with a great flame be applyed one while to the loynes and another while to the bottome of the belly a little below the grieved place and unlesse the patient vomit of his owne accord or by the bitternesse of his paine let vomiting bee procured with a draught of water and oile luke warme for vomiting hath much force to drive downe the stone by reason of the compression of the parts which is caused by such an endeavour lastly if the stone descend not by the power of these remedies then the patient must bee put into a Semicupium that is a Halfe-bath made of the following decoction â„ž malvae bismal cum toto an m. ii beton nasturt saxifrag berul parietar violar an m. iii. semin melonum milii solis alkekengi an Ê’vi cicer rub lb. i. rad appii gram faeniculi eryngii an â„¥ iiii in sufficienti quantitate aquae pro incessu coquantur ista omnia inclusa sacco herein let the patient sit up to the navell neither is is fit that the patient tarry longer in such a bath than is requisite for the spirits are dissipated and the powers resolved by too long stay therein But on the contrary if the patient remaine as long as is sufficient in these rightly made the paine is mitigated the extended parts relaxed and the passages of urine opened and dilated and thus the stone descendeth into the bladder But if it be not moved by this meanes any thing at all out of the place and that the same totall suppression of urine do as yet remaine neither before the patient entred into the bath the putting of a Catâ—aeter into the bladder did any thing availe yet notwithstanding he shall try the same againe after the patient is come out of the bath that hee may bee throughly satisfied whether peradventure there may bee any other thing in these first passages of the yard and neck of the bladder which may with-hold the urine for the Cathaeter will enter farre more easily the parts being relaxed by the warmenesse of the bath then inject some oyle of sweet almonds with a syringe into the Urethra or passage of the yarde whilst all these things are in doing let not the patient come into the cold aire But here I have thought good to describe
continue thereafter The incision being dilated the Surgeon putting one or two of his fingers into the necke of the wombe shall presse the bottome of the bladder and then thrust his crooked instruments or forcipes in by the wound and with these he shall easily pluck out the stone which he shall keepe with his fingers from slipping backe againe Yet Laurence Collo the Kings Surgeon and both his sunnes than whom I doe not know whether ever there were better cutters for the stone doe otherwise performe this operation for they doe not thrust their fingers into the fundament or necke of the wombe but contenting themselves with putting in onely the Guiders whereof we formerly made mention into the passage of the urine they presently thereupon make a streight incision directly at the mouth of the neck of the bladder and not on the side as is usually done in men Then they gently by the same way thrust the forcipes hollowed on the outside formerly delineated and so dilate the wound by tearing it as much as shall be sufficient for the drawing of the stone forth of the bladder The residue of the cure is the same with that formerly mentioned in men yet this is to be added that if an ulcer grow in the neck of the bladder by reason of the rending it you may by putting in the speculum matricis dilate the neck of the womb that fitting remedies may be applyed with the more ease CHAP. XLVIII Of the suppression of the Urine by internall causes BEsides the formentioned causes of suppressed urine or difficulty of making of water there are many other lest any may thinke that the urine is stopt onely by the stone or gravell as Surgeons thinke who in this case presently use diuretickes Therefore the urine is supprest by externall and internall causes The internall causes are clotted bloud tough phlegme warts caruncles bred in the passages of the urine stones and gravell the urine is sometimes supprest because the matter thereof to wit the serous or whayish part of the blood is either consumed by the feavourish heat or carryed other wayes by sweats or a scouring somtimes also the flatulencie there conteined or inflammation arising in the parts made for the urine and the neighbouring members suppresses the urine For the right gut if it be inflamed intercepts the passage of the urine either by a tumour whereby it presseth upon the bladder or by the communication of the inflammation Thus by the default of an ill affected liver the urine is oft times supprest in such as have the dropsie or else by dulnesse or decay of the attractive or separative faculty of the reines by some great distemper or by the default of the animall faculty as in such as are in a phrensie lethargy convulsion apoplexie Besides also a tough and viscide humour falling from the whole body into the passages of the urine obstructs and shuts up the passage Also too long holding the water somtimes causes this affect For when the bladder is distended above measure the passage thereof is drawn together and made more strait hereto may be added that the too great distension of the bladder is a hinderance that it cannot use the expulsive faculty and straiten it selfe about the urine to the exclusion thereof hereto also paine succeeds which presently dejects all the faculties of the part which it seazeth upon Thus of late a certaine young man riding on horsebacke before his Mistresse and therfore not daring to make water when he had great need so to doe had his urine so supprest that returning from his journy home into the city he could by no meanes possible make water In the meane time he had grievous paine in the bottom of his belly and the perinaeum with gripings and a sweatall over his body so that he almost sowned I being called when I had procured him to make water by putting in a hollow Cathaeter and pressing the bottom of his belly whereof he forthwith made two pints I told them that it was not occasioned by the stone which notwithstanding the standers by imagined to bee the occasion of that suppression of urine For thence forward there appeared no signes of the stone in the youth neither was he afterwards troubled with the stopping of his urine CHAP. XLIX A digression concerning the purging of such things as are unprofitable in the whole body by the urine IThink it not amisse to testifie by the following histories the providence of nature in expelling by urine such things as are unprofitable in the whole body Mounsieur Sarret the Kings secretary was wounded in the right arme with a pistoll bullet many and maligne symptomes happened thereupon but principally great inflammations flowing with much sanies and pus or quitture it somtimes happened that without any reason this purulent and sanious effluxe of matter was stayd in the inflammation wherof while we solicitously enquired into the cause wee found both his stooles and water commixed with much purulent filth and this through the whole course of the disease whereof notwithstanding by gods assistance he recovered and remaines whole and sound we observed that as long as his arme flowed with this filthy matter so long were his excrements of the belly and bladder free from the sanious and purulent matter as long on the contrary as the ulcers of the arme were dry so long were the excrements of the guts and bladder sanious and purulent The same accident befell a Gentleman called Mounsieur da la Croix who received a deadly wound with a sword on the left arme though German Chavall and Master Rasse most expert Surgeons and others who together with me had him in cure thought it was not so for this reason because the pus cannot runne so long a way in the body neither if it were so could that bee done without the infection and corruption of the whole masse of blood whilest it flowes through the veines therefore to be more probable that this quantity of filth mixed with excrements and urine flowed by reason of the default of the liver or of some other bowell rather than from the wounded arme I was of a contrary opinion for these following reasons First for that which was apparently seen in the patient for as long as the excrement and urine were free from this purulent matter so long his arme plentifully flowed therewith this on the contrary being dry much purulent matter was voided both by stoole and urine Another was that as our whole body is perspirable so it is also if I may so terme it confluxible The third was an example taken from the glasses which the French terme Monte-vins that is Mount-wines for if a glasse that is full of wine be set under another that is fill'd with water you may see the wine raise it selfe out of the lower vessell to the upper through the midst of the water so the water descend through the
sharpe feavers we open a veine to breathe out that bloud which is heated in the vessels and cooling the residue which remaines behind The fift is to prevent imminent diseases as when in the Spring and Autumne we draw bloud by opening a veine in such as are subject to spitting of bloud the squinancie pleurisie falling sicknesse apoplexie madnesse gout or in such as are wounded for to prevent the inflammation which is to be feared Before bloud letting if there bee any old excrements in the guts they shall bee evacuated by a gentle glyster or suppository lest the mesaraicke veines should thence draw unto them any impuritie Bloud must not be drawne from ancient people unlesse some present necessity require it lest the native heat which is but languid in them should be brought to extreme debility and their substance decay neither must any in like sort be taken from children for feare of resolving their powers by reason of the tendernesse of their substance rareness of their habit The quantity of bloud which is to be let must bee considered by the strength of the patient and greatnesse of the disease therefore if the patient bee weake and the disease require large evacuation it will bee convenient to part the letting of bloud yea by the interposition of some dayes The veine of the forehead being opened is good for the paine of the hind part of the head yet first we foment the part with warme water that so the skin may be the foster and the bloud drawne into the veines in greater plenty In the squinancie the veines which are under the tongue must be opened assant without putting any ligatures about the neck for feare of strangling Phlebotomie is necessary in all diseases which stop or hinder the breathing or take away the voice or speech as likewise in all contusions by a heavie stroake or fall from high in an apoplexie squinancie and burning feaver though the strength be not great nor the bloud faulty in quantity or quality bloud must not be let in the height of a fever Most judge it fit to draw bloud from the veines most remote from the affected and inflamed part for that thus the course of the humours may be diverted the next veines on the contrary being opened the humours may be the more drawne into the affected part and so increase the burden and paine But this opinion of theirs is very erroneous for an opened veine alwaies evacuates and disburdens the next part For I have sundry times opened the veines and arteries of the affected part as of the hands feet in the Gout of these parts of the temples in the Megrim whereupon the paine alwayes was somewhat asswaged for that together with the evacuated bloud the malignitie of the Gout and the hot spirits the causers of the head-ach or Megrim were evacuated For thus Galen wisheth to open the arteries of the temples in a great and contumacious defluxion falling upon the eyes or in the Megrim or head-ach CHAP. LX. How to open a veine and draw bloud from thence THE first thing is to seat or place the patient in as good a posture as you can to wit in his bed if he be weak but in a chaire if strong yet so that the light may fall directly upon the veine which you intend to open Then the Surgeon shall rub the arme with his hand or a warme linnen cloth that the bloud may flow the more plenitfully into the vein Then he shall bind the veine with a ligature a little above the place appointed to be opened and hee shall draw back the bloud upwards towards the ligature from the lower part and if it be the right arme he shall take hold thereof with his left hand but if the left then with his right hand pressing the veine in the meane time with his thumbe a little below the place where you meane to open it lest it should slip away and that it may bee the more swolne by forcing up the bloud Then with his naile hee shall marke or designe the place to be opened and shall annoint it being so marked with butter or oyle whereby the skin may be relaxed and the lancet enter more easily and therefore the section may be the lesse painefull He shal hold his lancet between his thumb and fore finger neither too neer nor too far from the point he shall rest his other three fingers upon the patients arme that so his hand may be the more steddy lesse trembling Then shall he open the vein with an incision agreeable to the magnitude of the vessell the indifferent thicknesse of the conteined bloud somewhataslant diligently avoiding the artery which lies under the basilica the nerve or tendon of the two-headed muscle which lyes under the Median veine But for the Cephalicke it may be opened without danger As much bloud as is sufficient being drawne according to the minde of the Physician he shall loose the ligature and laying a little boulster under hee shall with a ligature bind up the wounded part to stay the bleeding the ligation shall be neither too strait nor loose but so that the patient may freely bend and extend his arme wherefore whilest that is in doing he must not hold his arme streight out but gently bended otherwise he cannot freely bend it The figure of a Lancet to let bloud withall CHAP. LXI Of Cupping-glasses or ventoses CUpping-glasses are applyed especially when the matter conjunct and impact in any part is to be evacuated and then chiefly there is place for sacrification after the cupping-glasses yet they are also applyed for revulsion and divertion for when an humour continually flowes down into the eyes they may be applyed to the shoulders with a great flame for so they draw more strongly and effectually They are also applyed under womens breasts for to stop the courses flowing too immoderately but to their thighes for to provoke them They are also applyed to such as are bit by venemous beasts as also to parts possessed by a pestiferous Bubâ— or Carbuncle so to draw the poyson from within outwards For as Celsus saith a Cupping-glasse where it is fastned on if the skin be first scarified drawes forth bloud but if it bee whole then it draws spirit Also they are applyed to the belly when any grosse or thick windinesse shut up in the guts or membraines of the muscles of the Epigaâ—trium or lower belly causing the Collick is to bee discussed Also they are fastned to the Hypocondry's when as flatulency in the liver or spleene swels up the entraile lying thereunder or in too great a bleeding at the nose Also they are set against the Reines in the bottome of the belly whereas the ureters run downe to draw downe the stone into the bladder when as it stops in the middle or entrance of the ureter You shall make choice of greater and lesser Cupping-glasses according
a mortar and so apply it Another â„ž mucag. sem psilii cyton extract in aquae rosar solani an â„¥ iiii olei rosati omphacini â„¥ iii. vini granatorum â„¥ i. vitellos ovorum cum albumine nu iii. camphoraeÊ’i incorporentur simul fiat linimentum Or else â„ž ol rosat omphacini â„¥ iv album ovorum cum vitellis nu vi succi plantag solani an â„¥ i. farinae hordei â„¥ iii. incorporentur simul fiat cataplasma Or â„ž farinae fabarum hordei an â„¥ iii. olei rosati â„¥ ii oxycrati quantum sufficit coquantur simul fiat cataplasma Another â„ž mucag. sem psilii â„¥ iiii ol rosati â„¥ ii aceti â„¥ i. vitellos ovorum nu iii. croci ℈ i. misce Pliny reporteth that Sextus Pomponius the Governour of the hither Spaine as hee overlooked the winowing of his corne was taken by the paine of the gout in his feet wherefore hee covered himselfe with the Wheat above his knees and so was eased his feet being wonderfully dryed and he afterwards used this kind of remedy It is note worthy which often happeneth that the paine cannot bee altogether eased by such like remedies by reason of the abundance of bloud impact in the part wherefore it must bee evacuated which I have done in many with good successe opening the veine which was most swelled and nigh to the affected part for the paine was presently asswaged Neither must wee too long make use of repercussives lest the matter become so hardened that it can scarce bee afterwards resolved as when it shall bee concrete into knots and plaisterlike stones resolving medicines are to bee mixed with repercussives conveniently applied so to discusse the humour remaining as yet in the part whereof shall bee spoken in the following Chapter CHAP. XVII Of locall medicines for a cholericke gout THe repercussives that must first be used in this kinde of gout ought to bee cold and moiste that so they may resist both the qualities of choler such are the leaves of night-shade purslaine house-leeke henbane sorrell plantaine poppy cold water and the like whereof may bee made divers compositions As â„ž succi hyosciami sempervivi lactuc. an â„¥ ii hordeiÊ’i olei rosati â„¥ ii agitando simul fiat medicamentum let it bee applyed and often changed for so at length it will asswage the inflammation Some thinke the braine of a hogge mixed with white starch or barly meale and oile of roses an excellent medicine The leaves of mallowes boyled in water and beaten with a pestell and applyed asswage pain â„ž mucag. sem psilii extract in aq solani vel rosarum â„¥ ii farin hordei â„¥ i. aâ—eti q. s fiat linimentum Or else â„ž unguent rosat mesuae populei an â„¥ iii. succi melonum â„¥ ii alb ovorum nu iii. misceantur simul pro litu Also a spunge dipped in oxycrate and pressed out again and applied thereto doth the same Or else â„ž fol. caulium rub m. ii coquantur in oxycrato terantur adde ovorum vitellos tres olei rosati â„¥ iii. farinae hordei quantum sufficit â—ingatur cataplasma Also you may take the crude juice of cole-worts dane-weede and roses beaten and pressed out and of these incorporated with oyle of roses and barly meale make a cataplasme In winter time when as these things cannot bee had greene you may use unguentum infrigedans Galeni populeon Or else â„ž cerae albae â„¥ i. croci ℈ i. opii ℈ iiii olei rosati quantum sufficit marcerentur opium crocus in aceto deinde terantur incorporentur cum cera oleo fiat ceratum spread it upon a cloth lay it upon the part and all about it and let it bee often renewed Some cut Frogges open and apply them to the grieved part It is confirmed by sundry mens experience that the paine of the sciatica when it would yeeld to no other remedy to have beene asswaged by annoynting the part affected with the mucous water or gelly of Snailes being used for the space of seven or eight dayes the truth whereof was assured mee by the worthy Gentleman the Lord of Longemean a man of great honesty and credit who himselfe was troubled for sixe moneths space with the sciatica This water is thus made Take fifty or sixty red Snailes put them in a copper pot or kettle and sprinkle them over with common salt and keep them so for the space of a day then presse them in a course or haire cloth in the expressed liquor dip linnen ragges and apply them so dipped to the part affected and renew them often But if there bee great inflammation the Snailes shall bee boyled in Vineger and Rose-water They say that Citrons or Oranges boyled in Vineger and beaten in a mortar and incorporated with a little barly or beane flower are good against these paines Or else â„ž pomorum coctorum in lacte lib. i. butyri â„¥ i. vitellos ovorum nu ii aceti â„¥ i. fiat cataplasma There are some who take cheese crud newly made and mixe it in a mortar with oyle of Roses and barly meale and so apply it it represseth the inflammation and asswageth paine Others mixe Cassia newly extracted forth of the Cane with the juice of Gourds or Melons Others apply to the part the leaves of Cole-worts and Dane-weede or smallage or all three mixed together and beaten with a little Vineger Others macerate or steepe an ounce of linseed in Wurt and make the mucilage extracted therefrom into Cataplasme with some oyle of Roses and barly meale Some put oyle of poppyes to the pulpe of Citrulls or Gourds being beaten and so incorporate them together and apply it This following medicine hath its credit from a certain Gascoine of Basas that was throughly cured therwith when as he had bin vexed long much with gouty pains above the common custome of such as are troubled with that disease Thus it is Take a great ridge tile thick strong and heat it red hot in the fire then put it into such another tile of the same bignesse but cold lest it should burne the bed-clothes then forthwith fill the hot one with so many Dane-wurt leaves that the patient may safely lay the affected part therein without any danger of burning it Then let the patient endure the heate that comes therefrom and by sweate receive the fruit thereof for the space of an houre substituting fresh Dane-wurt leaves if the former become too dry as also another hot tile if the former shall grow too cold before the houre bee ended This being done let the part bee dryed with warme and dry linnen clothes Use this particular stove for the space of fifteene dayes and that in the morning fasting afterwards annoynt the part with this following oyntment â„ž succi ebuli lb i. ss olei com lb i. misceantur simul and let them be put into a strait mouthed glasse and well luted up then
let it boyle in balnco Mariae being first mixed with some wine until the halfe thereof bee consumed for the space of renne or twelve houres then let it coole and so keepe it for use adding thereto in the time of annoynting some few drops of aquavitae It may bee annoynted twice or thrice in a day long after meate Moreover the roots and leaves of Dane-wurt boyled in water beaten and applyed asswage paine the oyle thereof chimically extracted performes the same But if the contumacious paine cannot bee mitigated by the described remedies and becomming intolerably hot and raging make the patient almost to swoune then must wee fly to narcoticks For although the temper of the part may bee weakened by these the native heate diminished or rather exstinguished yet this is a far lesse inconvenience than to let the whole body bee wasted by paine These things have a powerfull refrigerating and drying faculty taking away the sense of the paine and furthermore incrassate thin acride and biting humours such as cholericke humours are Wherefore if the matter which causeth the paine be thick wee must abstaine from narcoticks or certainely use them with great caution â„ž micae panis secalini parum cocti in lacte â„¥ ii vitellos ovorum nu ii opiiÊ’i saccorum solani hyosciami mandragorae portulacae sempervivi an â„¥ i. Let them bee mixed together and applyed and often changed Or else â„ž fol. hyosciami cicutae acetos an m. i. bulliant in oxycrato contundantur cumque vitellis ovorum crudorum nu ii olei rosat â„¥ ii farinâ— hordei quod sit satis incorporentur fiat cataplasma with the use thereof I am accustomed to asswage great pains Or else â„ž OpiiÊ’iii camphor Ê’ss olei nenuph. â„¥ i. lactis â„¥ ii unguent ros Galeni â„¥ iv incorporentur simul in mortario applicentur Moreover cold water applyed dropped upon the part drop by drop is narcotick and stupefactive as Hippocrates affirmeth Aphor. 29. Sect. 5. for a moderate numnesse mitigateth paine there is also another reason why it may bee profitably used in all paines of the Gout for that by repelling the humours it hindereth their defluxion into the part Mandrage apples boyled in milke and beaten doe the samething also the leaves of henbane hemlock lettuce purslaine being so boiled doe the same If any desire to use these more cold hee must apply them crude and not boyled But the excesse of paine being mitigated wee must desist from the use of such narcotickes and they must rather bee strengthened with hot and digerating things otherwise there will bee danger lest it bee too much weakened the temper thereof being destroyed and so afterwards it may bee subject to every kinde of defluxion Wherefore it shall bee strengthened with the formerly described discussing fomentations and these ensuing remedies As â„ž gum ammoniaci bdelii an â„¥ i. dissolvantur in aceto passentur per setaceum addendo styracis liquid fariâ— foenug an â—…ss pul ireos â„¥ iiii olei châ—maem â„¥ ii pyrethriÊ’ii cum cera fiat emplastrum molle Or else â„ž rad emulâ— ebuli altheae an lb. ss sem lini foenugr an Ê’ii ficuum ping nu xx coquantur completè trajiciantur per setaceum addendo pul euphorb Ê’ii olei chamaem aneth rutacei an â„¥ iii. medullae cervi â„¥ iv fiat cataplasma Yet you must use moderation in discussing lest the subtler part of the impact humour being discussed the grosser part may turne into a stony consistence which also is to bee feared in using repercussives I also omitted that according to the opinion of the Ancients bathes of fresh water wherein cooling herbes have been boiled used three houres after meat conduce much to the asswaging of pain for so used they are more convenient in cholerick natures and spare bodies for that they humect the more and quickly digest the thin and cholerick and consequently acride vapours the pores being opened and the humours dissipated by the gentle warmenesse of the bath After the bath the body must be annoynted with hydraeleum or oyle and water tempered together lest the native heate exhale and the body become more weake Meates of more grosse juice are more convenient as beefe sheeps-feet and the like if so be that the patient can digest them for these inspissate the cholerick bloud and make it more unfit for defluxion CHAP. XVIII What remedies must be used in paines of the joynts proceeding of a distemper onely without matter PAines also happen in the joynts by distemper without any matter which though rare yet because I happened once to feele them I have thought good to shew what remedies I used against them I once earnestly busied in study and therefore not sensible of such externall injuries as might befall mee a little winde comming secretly in by the crannies of my studie fell upon my left Hippe at length wearied with study as soone as I rose up to goe my way I could not stand upon my feete I felt such bitter paine without any swelling or humour which might bee discerned Therefore I was forced to goe to bed and calling to minde that cold which was absolutely hurtfull to the nerves had bred mee that paine I attempted to drive it away by the frequent application of very hot clothes which though they scorched and blistered the sound parts adjoyning thereto yet did they scarce make any impression upon the part where the paine was settled the distemper was so great and so firmely fixed therein And I layed thereto bagges filled with fryed oates and millet and dipped in hot red wine as also oxe bladders halfe filled with a decoction of hot herbs And lastly a woodden dish almost filled with hot ashes covered over with sage rosmarie and rue lightly bruised and so covered with a cloth which sprinkled over with aqua vitae sent forth a vapour which asswaged the paine Also browne bread newly drawne out of the oven and sprinkled over with rose-Rose-water and applyed did very much good And that I might more fully expell this hurtfull cold I put stone bottles filled with hot water to the soales of my feete that the braine might bee heated by the streightnesse and continuity of the nerves At length by the helpe of these remedies I was very well freed from this contumacious distemper when it had held mee for the space of foure and twentie houres There is another kind of gouty pain sometimes caused by a certain excrementitious matter but so thin and subtle that it cannot bee discerned by the eyes It is a certaine fuliginous or sootie vapour like to that which passeth from burning candles or lampes which adhers and concreets to any thing that is opposed thereto which being infected by the mixture of a virulent serous humour whithersoever it runneth causeth extreme paine somewhiles in these and otherwhiles in other joynts unlesse you make a way therefore when
Hydrargyrum as a certaine higher power conteines therein all the power of Guajacum yet much more excellent and efficacious for besides that it heats attenuates cuts resolves and dryes it provokes sweat and urine and besides it expels noxious humours upwards and downewards by the mouth and stoole By which evacuations not onely the more subtle but also the more grosse and foeculent excrements wherein the seat of this disease is properly fixed are dispersed and evacuated by which the Physician may bee bold to assure himselfe of certaine victory over the disease But after the use of the decoction of Guajacum fresh paines and knots arise by the reliques of the more grosse and viscous humours left in the cavities of the entrailes but Hydrargyrum leaves no reliques behind it CHAP. VII How to make choice of the wood Guajacum THat is preferred before the rest which is of a great logge of a dusky colour new gummy with a fresh strong smell an acride and some what biting taste the barke cleaving very close to the wood It hath a faculty to heat rarifie attenuate attract to cause sweat and move urine and besides by a specifick property to weaken the viculency of the Lues Venerea There are three substances taken notice of in this wood the first is the barke the other is a whitish wood which is next to the barke the third is the heart of the wood that is the inner blackish and more dusky part thereof The barke is the more dry wherefore you shall use it when as you would dry more powerfully the middle substance is more moist because it is more succulent and fat that which lyeth betweene both is of a milde temper Wherefore the two last are more convenient for delicate natures and rare bodies which require lesse drying Furthermore the barke must be given to dense and strong natures that by the more fierie force thereof the humours may be made more fluide and the passages of the body more passable But I would here bee understood to meane such barke as is not putride and rotten with age to which fault it is very subject for that long before it bee shipped by our people the wood lyeth in heapes upon the shore in the open aire untill they can finde chapmen for it which when it is brought aboard it is stowed in the hold or bottome of the ship where beneath by the sea through the chinkes of the bords and above by the mariners it usually gathereth much dirt When it is brought hither to us it is bought and sold by weight wherfore that it may keep the weight the Druggists lay it up in vaults and cellars under ground where the surface thereof bedewed with much moisture can scarce escape mouldinesse and rottennesse Wherefore I doe not like to give the decoction either of the barke or wood which is next thereto to sicke people CHAP. VIII Of the preparation of the decoction of Guajacum FIrst you must have your Guajacum shaved into small pieces and to every pound of the shavings adde of faire water eight ten or twelve pints more or lesse as the nature of the party and condition of the disease shall seeme to require according to the rule of the formerly mentioned indications Let the water be hot or warme especially if it be in winter that so it may the more easily throughly enter into the body of the wood draw into it selfe the faculties thereof in the space of twenty foure houres wherein it is macerated then boyle it in balneo to avoyd empyreuma or taste of fire which it will contract by boyling it over a hot fire Yet some nothing regard this but thinke the patient sufficiently served if they make a decoction in an earthen pot well glased over a gentle fire so that no part of the liquor may runne over the mouth of the vessel for that thus so much of the strength of the decoction might vanish away Howsoever it be made let it be boyled to the consumption of half a third or fourth part as the nature of the patient disease shall seem to require There be some who mixe divers simples therwith which have an occult and proper simpathy with that part of the body which is principally hurt by the disease which at the least may serve in stead of a vehicle to carry the faculties of the decoction thither where the disease most reigneth Others adde thereto purging medicines whose judgement I cannot approve of for that I thinke it is not for the patients good to attempt two evacuations at once that is to expell the humors by sweat by the habit of the body and by purging by the belly for that as much urine so also much sweat shewes little evacuation by stoole For these two motions are contrary which nature cannot brooke at once For purging drawes from the circumference to the Center but sweat runs a quite contrary course and this is the opinion of many great physitians This first decoction being boyled out strained the like quantity of water shall be put to the stuffe or masse that so being boyled again without any further infusion strained with the addition of a little cinamon for the strengthening of the stomacke the patient may use it at his meales and betweene his meales if he be dry for his ordinary drinke The quantity of the first decoction to be taken at once ought to be some five or sixe ounces and it shall be drunke warm that so it may be the sooner brought into action and lest the actuall coldnesse should offend the stomacke and then the patient being well covered shall keep himself in bed and there expect sweat which if it come slowly on it shall bee helped forwards with stone bottles filled full of hot water and put to the soles of the feet If any parts in the interim shall bee much pained they shall bee comforted by applying of swines bladders halfe filled with the same decoction heated Neither will it bee unprofitable before the decoction bee drunke to rubbe over all the body with warme linnen clothes that by this meanes the humours may be attenuated and the pores of the skinne opened When he shall have sweat some two houres the parts opposite to the grieved places shall first be wiped then presently but more gently the grieved parts themselves lest a greater confluxe of humours flow thereto These things being done he shall keep himself in bed shunning the cold aire untill he be cooled and come to himselfe againe some two houres after hee shall so dine as the disease and his former custome shall seeme to require sixe houres after betaking himselfe to his bed hee shall drinke the like quantity of the decoction and order himselfe as before But if he be either weake or weary of his bed it shall bee sufficient to keepe the house without lying downe for although he shall not sweate yet there
bladder being inflamed and unmeasurably swelled Copulation and the use of acride or flatulent meates encrease this inflammation and also together therewith cause an Ischuria or stoppage of the urine they are worse at the change of the moone certaine death followes upon such a stoppage as I observed in a certaine man who troubled for ten yeares space with a virulent strangury at length dyed by the stoppage of his water He used to be taken with a stopping of his urine as often as he used any violent exercise and then he helped himself by putting up a silver Catheter which for that purpose he still carryed about him it happened on a certaine time that he could not thrust it up into his bladder wherefore he sent for me that I might helpe him to make water for which purpose when I had used all my skill it proved in vaine when he was dead and his body opened his bladder was found full and very much distended with urine but the prostatae preternaturally swelled ulcerated and full of matter resembling that which formerly used to run out of his yard whereby you may gather that this virulency flowes from the prostatae which runs forth of the yard in a virulent strangury and not from the Reines as many have imagined Certainely a virulent strangury if it be of any long continuance is to be judged a certaine particular Lues venerea so that it cannot bee cured unlesse by frictions with Hydrargyrum But the ulcers which possesse the neck of the bladder are easily discerned from these which are in the body or capacity thereof For in the latter the filth comes away as the patient makes water and is found mixed with the urine with certaine strings or membranous bodies comming forth in the urine to these may be added the farre greater stinch of this filth which issueth out of the capacity of the bladder Now must wee treat of the cure of both these diseases that is the Gonnorhâ—â— and virulent strangury but first of the former CHAP. XIX The chiefe heads of curing a Gonnorhoea LEt a Physitian be called who may give direction for purging bleeding and diet if the affect proceed from a fulnesse and abundance of blood and seminall matter all things shall bee shunned which breed more bloud in the body which increase seed and stirre to venery Wherefore he must abstaine from wine unlesse it be weak and astringent and he must not onely eschew familiarity with women but their very pictures and all things which may call them into his remembrance especially if he love them dearly strong exercises do good as the carrying of heavie burdens even until they sweat swimming in cold water little sleepe refrigerations of the loines and genitall parts by annoynting them with unguentum rosatum refrigerans Galeni nutritum putting thereupon a double cloth steeped in oxycrate and often renewed But if the resolution or weaknesse of the retentive faculty of these parts bee the cause of this disease contracted by too much use of venery before they arrive at an age fit to performe such exercise in this case strengthening and astringent things must both bee taken inwardly and applied outwardly But now I hasten to treat of the virulent strangurie which is more proper to my purpose CHAP. XX. The generall cure both of the scalding of the water and the virulent strangury WEe must diversly order the cure of this disease according to the variety of the causes and accidents thereof First care must be had of the diet and all such things shunned as inflame the bloud or cause windinesse of which nature are all diuretick and slatulent things as also strong and violent exercises Purging and bleeding are convenient especially if fulnesse cause the affect Womens companies must be shunned and thoughts of venereous matters the patient ought not to lye upon a soft bed but upon a quilt or matterice and never if he can helpe it upon his back boyled meats are better than roasted especially boyld with sorrel lettuce purslain cleansed barly the four cold seeds beaten for sauce let him use none unlesse the juice of an orange pomgranate or verjuice let him shun wine and in stead thereof use a decoction of barly and liquerice a hydromel or hydrosaccharum with a little cinamon or that which is termed Potus divinus In the morning let him sup of a barly creame wherein hath beene boyled a nodulus of the foure cold seedes beaten together with the seedes of white poppy for thus it refrigerateth mitigateth and cleanseth also the syrups of marsh-mallowes and maiden-haire are good Also purging the belly with halfe an ounce of Cassia sometimes alone otherwhiles with a dram or halfe a dram of Rubarbe in pouder put thereto is good And these following pils are also convenient â„ž massae piâ—ul sine quibus ℈ i. electiÊ’ss caphurae gr iiii cum terebinthina formenntur pilulâ— let them bee taken after the first sleep Venice turpentine alone or adding thereto some Rubarbe in pouder with oyle of sweet almonds newly drawne without fire or some syrupe of maiden-hair is a singular medicine in this case for it hath an excellent lenitive and cleansing faculty as also to helpe forwards the expulsive facultie to cast forth the virulent matter contained in the prostatae You may by the bitternesse perceive how it resists putrefaction and you may gather how it performes its office in the reines and urenary parts by the smell it leaves in the urine after the use thereof But if there bee any who cannot take it in forme of a bole you may easily make it potable by dissolving it in a mortar with the yolk of an egge and some white wine as I learned of a certaine Apothecary who kept it as a great secret If the disease come by inanition or emptinesse it shall be helped by fatty injections oily and emollient potions and inwardly taking and applying these things which have the like faculty and shunning these things which caused the disease How to cure that which happens by contagion or unpure copulation it shall bee abundantly shewed in the ensuing chapter CHAP. XXI The proper cure of a virulent strangury FIRST we must begin with the mitigation of paine and staying the inflammation which shall be performed by making injection into the urethra with this following decoction warme â„ž sem psilii lactucae papav albi plantag cydon lini hyosciami albi an Ê’ii detrahantur mucores in aquis solani rosar ad quantitatem sufficientem adde trochisc alborum Rhasis camphoratorum in pollinem redactorum Ê’i misce simul fiat injectio frequens For this because it hath a refrigerating faculty will help the inflammation mitigate pain and by the mucilaginous faculty lenifie the roughnesse of the urethra and defend it by covering it with the slimy substance against the acrimony of the urine and virulent humours In stead hereof you may use cowes
milk newly milked or warmed at the fire Milk doth not only conduce hereto being thus injected but also drunk for it hath a refrigerating and cleansing faculty and by the subtlety of the parts it quickly arrives at the urenary passages Furthermore it will be good to anoint with cerat refriger Galeni addita camphora or with ceratum santalinum ung comitissae or nutritum upon the region of the kidneyes loines and perinaeum as also to anoint the Cods and Yard But before you use the foresaid ointments or the like let them be melted over the fire but have a care that you make them not too hot lest they should lose their refrigerating quality which is the thing we chiefly desire in them Having used the foresaid ointment it will be convenient to apply thereupon some linnen clothes moistened in oxycrate composed ex aquis plantaginis solani sempervivi rosarum and the like If the patient bee tormented with intollerable paine in making water and also some small time after as it commonly commeth to passe I would wish him that he should make water putting his yard into a chamber-pot filled with milke or water warmed The paine by this meanes being asswaged we must come to the cleansing of the ulcers by this or the like injection â„ž hydromelitis symp â„¥ iv syr de rosis siccis de absinth an â„¥ ss fiat injectio But if there be need of more powerfull detersion you may safely adde as I have frequently tryed a little aegyptiacum I have also found this following decoction to bee very good for this purpose â„ž vini albi oderiferi lb ss aquar plantag ros an â„¥ ii auripigmenti Ê’ss viridis aeris ℈ i. aloës opt Ê’ss pulverisentur pulverisanda bulliant simul Keep the decoction for to make injection withall You may encrease or diminish the quantity and force of the ingredients entring into this composition as the patient and disease shall seeme to require The ulcers being thus cleansed we must hasten to dry them so that we may at length cicatrize them This may be done by drying up the superfluous moisture and strengthening the parts that are moistened and relaxed by the continuall defluxion for which purpose this following decoction is very profitable â„ž aq fabrorum lb i. psidiarum balaust nucum cupres conquassatorum an Ê’i ss sâ—â—in sumach herber an Ê’ii syrup rosar de absinth an â„¥ i. fiat decoctio You may keepe it for an injection to be often injected into the urethra with a syringe so long as that there shall no matter or filth flow out thereat for then there is certaine hope of the cure CHAP. XXII Of Caruncles or fleshy excrescâ—uâ—â—s which sometimes happen to grow in the Urethra by the heat or scâ—lding of the urine ASharpe humour which flowes from the Glandules termed Prostatae and continually runs alongst the urenary passage in some places by the way it frets and exulcerates by the acrimony the urethra in men but the necke of the wombe in women In these as also is usuall in other ulcers there sometimes growes up a superfluous flesh which oft times hinders the casting or comming forth of the seed urine by their appropriate and common passage whence many mischieves arise whence it is that such ulcers as have caruncles growing upon them must be diligently cured But first we must know whether they be new or old For the latter are more difficulty to bee cured than the former because the caruncles that grow upon them become callous and hard being oft times cicatrized Wee know that there are caruncles if the Cathâ—ter cannot freely passe alongst the passage of the urine but findes so many stops in the way as it meets with Caruncles that stop the passage if the patient can hardly make water or if his water runne in a very small streame or two streames or crookedly or onely by droppe and droppe with such tormenting paine that he is ready to let goe his excrements yea and oft times doth so after the same manner as such as are troubled with the stone in the bladder After making water as also after copulation some portion of the urine and seed stayes at the rough places of the caruncles so that the patient is forced to presse his yard to presse forth such reliques Sometimes the urine is wholly stopped whence proceeds such distention of the bladder that it causeth inflammation and the urine flowing backe into the body hastens the death of the patient Yet sometimes the urine thus supprest sweats forth preternaturally in sundry places as at the fundament perinaeum cod yard groines As soone as we by any of the forementioned signes shall suspect that there is a Caruncle about to grow it is expedient forthwith to use means for the cure therof for a caruncle from a very little beginning doth in a short time grow so bigge that at the length it becomes incureable verily you may easily ghesse at the difficulty of the cure by that we have formerly delivered of the essence hereof besides medicines can very hardly arrive therat The fittest season for the undertaking thereof is the spring and the next thereto is winter yet if it be very troublesome you must delay no time Whilest the cure is in hand the patient ought wholly to abstain from venery for by the use thereof the kidneyes spermaticke vessels prostatae and the whole yard swell up and waxe hot and consequently draw to them from the neighbouring and upper parts whence aboundance of excrements in the affected parts much hindering the cure You must beware of acrid and corroding things in the use of detergent injections for that thus the urethra being endued with most exquisite sense may bee easily offended whence might ensue many and ill accidents Neither must wee be frighted if at some times wee see blood flow forth of secret or hidden caruncles For this helpes to shorten the cure because the disease is hindered from growth by taking away portion of the conjunct matter the part also it selfe is eased from the oppressing burden for the materiall cause of caruncles is superfluous blood Wherfore unlesse such bleeding happen of it selfe it is not amisse to procure it by thrusting in a Cathaeter somewhat hard yet with good advise If the Caruncles be inveterate and callous then must they be mollified by fomentations ointments cataplasmes plasters and fumigations you may thus a make fomentation â„ž rad alth lilior alâ— an â„¥ iv rad bryaniâ— foenicul an â„¥ iss fol. malvar violarum parietar mercur an m ss sem lini faenugr an â„¥ ss caricas ping nu xii florum chamaem melil an p i. contundantur contuâ—denda incidenda incidantur bulliant omnia in aqua communi make a fomentation and apply it with soft sponges Of the masse of the strained-out things you may make a cataplasme after this manner â„ž praedicta
sugar before meate it is no lesse effectuall to put wormeseeds in their pap and in roasted apples and so to give them it Also you may make suppositories after this manner and put them up into the fundament â„ž coralli subalbi rasurae eboris cornu cerviusti ireos an ℈ ii mellis albi â„¥ ii ss aquae centiâ—odiae q. s adomnia concorporanda fiant Glandes let one be put up every day of the weight of Ê’ ii for children these suppositories are chiefly to bee used for Ascarides as those which adhere to the right gut To such children as can take nothing by the mouth you shall apply cataplasmes to their navells made of the pouder of cummin seeds the floure of lupines worme-wood southerne wood tansie the leaves of Artichokes rue the pouder of coloquintida citron seeds aloes arsemart horse mint peach leaves Costus amarus Zedoaria sope and oxegall Such cataplasmes are oft times spred over all the belly mixing therewith astringent things for the strengthening of the part as oile of myrtles Quinces and mastich you may also apply a great onion hollowed in the midst and filled with Aloes and Treacle and so roasted in the embers then beaten with bitter almonds and an oxe gall Also you may make emplasters of bitter things as this which followes â„ž fellis bubuli sucei absinthii an â„¥ ii colocyn â„¥ i. terantur misceantur simul incorporentur cum farina lupinorum make hereof an emplaster to be laid upon the Navell Liniments and ointments may bee also made for the same purpose to anoint the belly you may also make plasters for the navell of Pillulae Ruff. anointing in the meane time the fundament with hony and sugar that they may bee chafed from above with bitter things and allured downewards with sweete things Or else take wormes that have beene cast forth dry them in an iron pan over the fire then pouder them and give them with wine or some other liquor to bee drunke for so they are thought quickly to kill the rest of the wormes Hereto also conduceth the juice of citrons drunke with the oile of bitter almonds or sallade oile Also some make bathes against this affect of wormewood galls peach leaves boiled in water and then bathe the childe therein But in curing the wormes you must observe that this disease is oft times entangled with another more grievous disease as an acute and burning feaver a fluxe or scouring and the like in which as for example sake a feaver being present and conjoyned therewith if you shall give wormseeds old Treacle myrrhe aloes you shall encrease the feaver and fluxe for that bitter things are very contrary to the cure of these affects But if on the contrary in a fluxe whereby the wormes are excluded you shall give corrall and the floure of Lentiles you shall augment the feaver making the matter more contumacious by dry and astringent things Therefore the Physician shall be carefull in considering whether the feaver bee a symptome of the wormes or on the contrary it bee essentiall and not symptomaticke that this being knowne hee may principally insist in the use of such medicines as resist both affects as purging and bitterish in a feaver and wormes but bitter and somewhat astrictive things in the wormes and fluxe CHAP. VI. A short description of the Elephantiasis or Leprosie and of the causes thereof THis disease is termed Elephantiasis because the skinne of such as are troubled therewith is rough scabious wrinckled and unequall like the skin of an Elephant Yet this name may seem to be imposed thereon by reason of the greatnesse of the disease Some from the opinion of the Arabians have termed it Lepra or Leprosie but unproperly for the Lepra is a kinde of Scab and disease of the skinne which is vulgarly called Malum sancti manis which word for the present we will use as that which prevailes by custome and antiquity Now the Leprosie according to Paulus is a Cancer of the whole body the which as Avicen addes corrupts the complexion forme and figure of the members Galen thinkes the cause ariseth from the errour of the sanguifying faculty through whose default the assimulation in the flesh and habite of the body is depraved and much changed from it selfe and the rule of nature But ad Glauconem hee defines this disease An effusion of troubled or grosse blood into the veines and habit of the whole body This disease is judged great for that it partakes of a certaine venenate virulency depraving the members and comelinesse of the whole body Now it appeares that the Leprosie partakes of a certaine venenate virulency by this that such as are melancholicke in the whole habit of their bodies are not leprous Now this disease is composed of three differences of diseases First it consists of a distemper against nature as that which at the beginning is hot and dry and at length the ebullition of the humours ceasing and the heat dispersed it becomes cold and dry which is the conjunct cause of this symptome Also it consists of an evill composition or conformation for that it depraves the figure and beauty of the parts Also it consists of a solution of continuity when as the flesh and skin are cleft in divers parts with ulcers and chops the leprosie hath for the most part 3. generall causes that is the primitive antecedent conjunct the primitive cause is either from the first conformation or comes to them after they are born It is thought to be in him from the first conformation who was conceived of depraved corrupt menstruous blood such as enclined to melancholly who was begot of the leprous seed of one or both his parents for leprous persons generate leprous because the principall parts being tainted and corrupted with a melancholy and venenate juice it must necessarily follow that the whole masse of blood and seed that falls from it and the whole body should also be vitiated This cause happens to those that are already born by long staying inhabiting in maritime countries whereas the grosse and misty aire in successe of time induceth the like fault into the humours of the body for that according to Hippocrates such as the aire is such is the spirit and such the humours Also long abiding in very hot places because the blood is torrified by heate but in cold places for that they incrassate and congealing the spirits doe after a manner stupefie may bee thought the primitive causes of this disease Thus in some places of Germany there are divers leprous persons but they are more frequent in Spaine and overall Africa then in all the world beside and in Languedoc Provence and Guyenne are more than in whole France besides Familiarity copulation and cohabitation with leprous persons may be reckoned amongst the causes thereof because they transferre this disease to their familiars by their breath sweat and spittle left on the
be applyed and the rather if they bee violently plucked off because they by that meanes leave their teeth fastned in the part Now hee which by chance hath swallowed a Horse-leach must bee asked in what part bee feeleth her that is the sense of her sucking For if shee sticke in the top of the Throate or Gullet or in the middest thereof the part shall bee often washed with mustard dissolved in vinegar If shee bee neare the orifice of the ventricle it is fit that the patient by little and little swallow downe oyle with a little vinegar But if shee fasten to the stomacke or the bottome of the ventricle the patient by the plucking of the part shall perceive a certaine sense of sucking the patient will spit bloud and will for feare become melancholicke To force her thence hee shall drinke warme water with oyle but if shee cannot so bee loosed then shall you mixe Aloes therewith or some thing endued with the like bitternesse for shee will by that meanes leave her hold and so bee cast forth by vomit You may perceive this by such as are applyed to the skinne on the externall parts for by the aspersion of bitter things whether they bee full or empty they will forsake their hold Then shall the patient take astringent things which may stoppe the bloud flowing forth of the bitten part such is conserve of Roses with terra sigillata bole armenicke and other more astringent things if need so require For if they shall adhereto some greater branch of some veine or artery it will bee more difficult to stop the flowing bloud But for that not the earth onely but the sea also produceth venemous creatures wee will in like sort treat of them as wee have already done of the other beginning with the Lampron CHAP. XXX Of the Lampron THE Lampron called in Latine Muraena is a sea fish something in shape resembling a Lamprey but shee is bigger and thicker and hath a larger mouth with teeth long sharpe and bending inwards she is of a duskie colour distinguished with whitish spots and of some two cubits length the Ancients had them in great esteem because they yeeld good nourishment and may be kept long alive in pooles or ponds and so taken as the owners please to serve their table as it is sufficiently knowne by the historie of the Roman Crassus Shee by her biting induceth the same symptomes as the viper and it may bee helped by the same meanes Verily the Lampron hath such familiarity with the Viper that leaving her naturall element the sea she leapeth a shoare and seeketh out the Viper in her den to joyne with her in copulation as it is written by AElian and Nicander CHAP. XXXI Of the Draco-marinus or sea-Dragon THE sea-Dragon called by the French Viva for his vivacity and by the English a Viver or as some say a Qua-viver because being taken in fishing and drawne out of the sea shee is said long to survive Her pricks are poysonous but chiefly those that are at the edges of her gils Which is the reason that Cookes cut off their heads before they serve them up to the table and at Roven the fishermen lay them not upon their stalles to sell before they have cut off their heads The wounded part of such as are hurt paines them much with inflammation a feaver sowning gangrene and deadly mortification unlesse it be quickly withstood Not very long agoe the wife of Monsieur Fromaget Secretary of the requests was wounded with a prick of this fish in her middle finger there followed a swelling and rednesse of the part without much paine but perceiving the swelling to encrease being made more wary by the mischance of her neighbour the wife of Monsieur Bargelonne Lievtenant particulier in the Chastelet of Paris who died not long before by the like accident being neglected sent for mee I understanding the cause of her disease laid to her pained finger and her whole hand besides a pultis made of a great Onion roasted under the coales leaven and a little treacle The next day I wished her to dip her whole hand into warme water so to draw forth the poyson then I divided the skin about it with much scarification but onely superficiarily to the gashes I applyed Leaches which by sucking drawing a sufficient quantity of bloud I put thereto treacle dissolved in aqua vitae The next day the swelling was asswaged and the paine eased and within a few daies shee was perfectly well Dioscorides writes that this fish divided in the midst and applyed to the wound will cure it CHAP. XXXII Of the Pastinaca marina or Sting-Ray which some call the Fierce-claw SUch as are stung by a Sting-Ray as Aëtius hath written the place of the wound doth manifestly appeare there ensues thereon lasting paine and the numnesse of the whole body And seeing that it hath a sharpe and firme sting whereby the nerves by the deepnesse of the stroake may be wounded it so happens that some die forthwith their whole bodies suffering convulsions Moreover it wil kil even the very trees into whose roots it is fastned Yet Pliny affirmes that it is good against the paine of the teeth if the gums bee scarified therewith yea and it being made into powder with white hellebore or of it selfe will cause teeth to fall out without any pain or any violence offered to them This fish is good meat the head and taile excepted some of them have two stings othersome but one these stings are sharpe like a Saw with the teeth turned towards their heads Oppianus writes that their stings are more poysonous than the Persians arrowes for the force of the poyson remaineth the fish being dead which will kill not onely living creatures but plants also Fishermen when they catch this fish presently spoile him of his sting lest they should bee hurt therewith But if by chance they bee hurt therewith then take they forth his Liver and lay it to the wound furthermore the fish being burnt and made into powder is the true Antidote of his wound The Sting-Ray lives in muddy places neare the shoare upon the fishes that hee hunteth and catcheth with his sting having the teeth thereof turned towards his head for the same purpose Hee is not unlike a Ray and I have here given you his figure The figure of a Sting-Ray CHAP. XXXIII Of the Lepus marinus or Sea-hare PLINY cals the Sea-hare a masse or deformed peece of flesh Galen saith that it is like a Snaile taken forth of the shell It is exceeding poysonous in the judgement of the Antients wherefore it is not amisse to set downe the description of it left wee might eate it at unawares too earnestly view it or smell thereto as also that we may use it against the poyson thereof it is an inhabitant not only of the Sea but also of Lakes of sea-Sea-water especially such as are muddy
a horse as Avicen writes The Antidote is pistick nuts eaten in great plenty treacle also and mithridate dissolved in sacke also wormewood rue and milke Of Mushromes some are deadly and hurtfull of their owne kinde and nature as those which broken presently become of divers colours and forth with putrefie such as Avicen saith those are which be found of a grayish or blewish colour others though not hurtfull in qualitie yet eaten in greater measure than is fitting become deadly for seeing by nature they are very cold and moist and consequently abound with no small viscosity as the excrementitious phlegme of the earth or trees whereon they grow they suffocate and extinguish the heat of the body as overcome by their quantity and strangle as if one were hanged and lastly kill Verily I cannot chuse but pittying Gourmondizers who though they know that Mushromes are the seminary and gate of death yet doe they with a great deale of doo most greedily devoure them I say pitying them I will shew them and teach them the art how they may feed upon this so much desired dish without the endangering of their health Know therfore that Mushromes may be eaten without danger if that they be first boyled with wild peares but if you have no wilde peares you may supply that defect with others which are the most harsh either newly gathered or dryed in the sun The leaves as also the bark of the same Tree are good especially of the wild for peares are their Antidote yet Conciliator gives another to wit Garlick eaten crude whereto in like sort vineger may bee fitly added so to cut and attenuate the tough viscous and grosse humors heaped up and in danger to strangle one by the too plentifull eating of Mushromes as it is delivered by Galen Ephemerum which some call Colchicum or Bulbus sylvestris that is medow saffron being taken inwardly causeth an itching over all the bodie no otherwise than those that are netled or rubbed with the juice of a Squill Inwardly they feelegnawings their stomacke is troubled with a great heavinesse and the disease encreasing there are streakes of blood mixed with the excrements The Antidote thereof is womans milke Asses or Cowes milk drunken warme and in a large quantity Mandrage taken in great quantity either the root or fruit causeth great sleepinesse sadnesse resolution and languishing of the body so that after many scritches and gripings the patient falls asleep in the same posture as hee was in just as if hee were in a Lethargie Wherefore in times past they gave Mandrage to such as were to bee dismembred The apples when as they are ripe and their seeds taken forth may be safely eaten for being green and with their seeds in them are deadly For there ariseth an intolerable heate which burnes the whole surface of the bodie the tongue and mouth waxe dry by reason whereof they gape continually so to take in the cold aire in which case unlesse they be presently helped they die with convulsions But they may be easily helped if they shall presently drinke such things as are convenient therefore Amongst which in Conciliators opinion excell radish seeds eaten with salt and bread for the space of three dayes Sneesing shall be procured if the former remedy do not quickly refresh them and a decoction of Coriander or Penny-royall in faire water shall be given them to drinke warme The ungratefull taste of the juice of blacke poppy which is termed Opium as also of Mandrage easily hinders them from being put into meate or drinke but that they may be discerned and chiefly for that neither of them can kill unlesse they be taken in a good quantity But because there is danger lest they bee given in greater quantity than is fitting by the ignorance of Physitians or Apothecaries you may by these signes finde the errour There ensues heavie sleepe with a vehement itching so that the patient oft times is forced thereby to cast off his dull sleepe wherein hee lay yet keepes his eye-lids shur being unable to open them But by this agitation there flowes out sweat which smels of Opium the bodie waxeth pale the lippes burne the Jaw-bone is relaxed they breath little and seldome When as their eyes waxe livid unlesse they bee drawne aside and that they are depressed in their orbe we must know that death is at hand The remedy against this is two drammes of the pouder of Castoreum given in wine Hemlocke drunken causeth Vertigo's troubleth the minde so that the patients may bee taken for mad men it darkeneth the sight causeth hicketting and benums the extreme parts lastly strangles with convulsions by supressing or stopping the breath of the Arterie Wherefore at the first as in other poysons you must endevour to expell it by vomit then inject glysters to expell that is got into the guts then use wine without mixture which is very powerfull in this case Peter Aponensis thinks the Bezoar or Antidote thereof to bee a potion of two drams of Treacle with a decoction of Dictamnus or Gentian in wine He which further desires to enform himselfe of the effects of Hemlock let him read Mathiolus his commentary upon Dioscorides where as he treats of the same subject Aconitum called so of Aconis a towne of the Periendines where as it plentifully growes According to Mathiolus it kils Wolves Foxes Dogges Cats Swine Panthers Leopards and all wilde beasts mixed with flesh and so devoured by them but it kills mice by onely smelling thereto Scorpions if touched by the roote of Aconite grow numme and torpid and so die thereof arrowes or darts dipped therein make uncurable wounds Those who have drunke Aconite their tongue forthwith waxeth sweet with a certaine astriction which within a while after turneth to bitternesse it causeth a Vertigo and shedding of teares and a heavinesse or straitnesse of the chest and parts about the heart it makes them breake wind downewards and makes all the body to tremble Pliny attributes so great celerity and violence to this poyson that if the genitalls of female creatures bee touched therewith it will kill them the same day there is no presenter remedy than speedy vomiting after the poison is taken But Conciliator thinks Aristolochia to be the Antidote thereof Yet some have made it usefull for man by experimenting it against the stinging of Scorpions being given warme in wine For it is of such a nature that it killeth the party unlesse it finde something in him to kill for then it strives therewith as if it had found an adversary But this fight is onely when as it finds poyson in the body and this is marvellous that both the poisons being of their own nature deadly should dye together that man may by that meanes live There are divers sorts thereof one wherof hath a flower like an helmet as if it were armed to mans destruction
Aire The other that they abate the force of it that it may not imprint its virulency in the body which may be done by correcting the excesse of the quality inclining towards it by the opposition of its contrary For if it bee hotter than is meet it must bee tempered with cooling things if too cold with heating things yet this will not suffice For wee ought besides to amend purge the corruptions of the venenate malignity diffused through it by smels and perfumes resisting the poyson thereof The body will be strengthened and more powerfully resist the infected Aire if it want excrementitious humours which may be procured by purging and bleeding and for the rest a convenient diet appointed as shunning much variety of meats and hot and moyst things and all such which are easily corrupted in the stomacke and cause obstructions such as those things which be made by Comfit-makers we must shun satiety and drunkennesse for both of them weaken the powers which are preserved by the moderate use of meats of good juice Let moderate exercises in a cleare Aire and free from any venemous tainture precede your meales Let the belly have due evacuation either by Nature or Art Let the heart the seat of life and the rest of the bowels be strengthened with Cordials and Antidotes applyed and taken as wee shall hereafter shew in the forme of epithemes ointments emplasters waters pills powders tablets opiates fumigations and such like Make choice of a pure Aire free from all pollution far remote from stinking places for such is most fit to preserve life to recreate and repaire the spirits where as on the contrary a cloudy or mistie Aire and such as is infected with grosse and stinking vapours duls the spirits dejects the appetite makes the body faint and ill coloured oppresseth the heart and is the breeder of many diseases The Northern wind is healthfull because it is cold and dry But on the contrary the Southerne wind because it is hot and moyst weakens the body by sloth or dulnesse opens the pores and makes them pervious to the pestiferous malignity The Westerne winde is also unwholesome because it comes neere to the nature of the Southerne wherefore the windowes must bee shut up on that side of the house on which they blow but opened on the North and East side unless it happen the Plague come from thence Kindle a cleare fire in all the lodging Chambers of the house and perfume the whole house with Aromatick things as Frankinsence Myrthe Benzoine Ladanum Styrax Roses Myrtle-leaves Lavender Rosemary Sage Savory wilde Time Marjerome Broome Pine-apples pieces of Firre Juniper berries Cloves Perfumes and let your cloathes be aired in the same There be some who think it a great preservative against the pestilent Aire to keep a Goat in their houses because the capacity of the houses filled with the strong sent which the Goat sends forth prohibits the entrance of the venemous Aire which same reason hath place also in sweet smels and besides it argues that such as are hungry are apter to take the Plague than those who have eaten moderately for the body is not onely strengthened with meat but all the passages thereof are filled by the vapours diffused from thence by which otherwise the infected Aire would finde a more easie entrance to the heart Yet the common sort of People yeeld another reason for the Goat which is that one ill sent drives away another as one wedge drives forth another which calleth to my mind that which is recorded by Alexander Benedictus that there was a Scythian Physician which caused a Plague arising from the infection of the Aire to cease by causing all the dogs cats such like beasts which were in the City to be killed and cast their carcasses up down the streets that so by the comming of this new putride vapour as a stranger the former pestiferous infection as an old guest was put out of its Lodging so the Plague ceased For poysons have not onely an antipathy with their Antidotes but also with some other poysons Whilest the Plague is hot it is not good to stirre out of doore before the rising of the Sunne wherefore wee must have patience untill hee have cleansed the Aire with the comfortable light of his Beames and dispersed all the foggy and nocturnall pollutions which commonly hang in the Aire in dirty and especially in low places and Vallies All publike and great meetings and assemblies must be shunned If the Plague begin in Summer and seeme principally to rage being helped forward by the summers heat it is the best to performe a journey begun or undertaken for performance of necessary affaires rather upon the night time than on the day because the infection takes force strength and subtlety of substance by which it may more easily permeate and enter in by the heat of the Sun but by night mens bodies are more strong and all things are more grosse and dense But you must observe a cleane contrary course if the malignity seeme to borrow strength and celerity from coldnesse But you must alwayes eschew the beames of the Moone but especially at the full For then our bodies are more languid and weake and fuller of excrementitious humours Even as trees which for that cause must be cut down in their season of the Moone that is in the decrease thereof After a little gentle walking in your Chamber you must presently use some means that the principall parts may be strengthened by suscitating the heat spirits that the passages to them may be filled that so the way may bee shut up from the infection comming from without Such as by the use of garlick have not their heads troubled nor their inward parts inflamed as Countrey people and such as are used to it to such there can can bee no more certaine preservative and antidote against the pestiferous fogs or mists and the nocturnall obscurity than to take it in the morning with a draught of good wine for it being abundantly diffused presently over all the body fils up the passages thereof and strengtheneth it in a moment For water if the Plague proceed from the tainture of the Aire wee must wholly shun and avoyd raine-water because it cannot but bee infected by the contagion of the Aire Wherefore the water of Springs and of the deepest Wells are thought best But if the malignity proceed from the vapours contained in the earth you must make choice of Raine-water Yet it is more safe to digest every sort of water by boiling it and to preferre that water before other which is pure and cleare to the sight and without either tast or smell and which besides suddenly takes the extremest mutation of heat and cold CHAP. VII Of the Cordiall Remedies by which we may preserve our bodies in feare of the Plague and cure those already infected therewith SUch
alum roch an ʒii bulliant omnia simul fiat decoctio of this make injection into the wombe In the performance of all these things I would have the Surgeon depend upon the advice of a Physitian as the occasion and place shall permit But if nature endeavour to free it selfe of the pestilent matter by the hoemorrhoides you may provoke them by frictions and strong ligatures in the lower parts as if the thighes or legs were broken by ventoses applyed with great flame to the inner side of the thigh by application of hot and attractive things to the fundament such as are fomentations emplasters unguents such as is usually made of an onion rosted under the embers and incorporated with Treacle and a little oile of Rue after the hoemorrhoid veines by these meanes come to shew themselves they shal be rubbed with rough linnen cloths or fig leaves or a raw onion or an oxe gall mixt with some pouder of Coloquintida lastly you may apply horse-leaches or you may open them with a Lancet if they hang much forth of the fundament and be swolne with much blood But if they flow too immoderately they may be stayed by the same meanes as the courses CHAP. XXXIX Of procuring evacuation by stoole or a fluxe of the belly NAture often times both by it selfe of its owne accord as also helped by laxative and purging medicines casts into the belly and guts as into the sinke of the body the whole matter of a pestilent disease whence are caused Diarrhaea's Lienteries and Dysenteries you may distinguish these kindes of fluxes of the belly by the evacuated excrements For if they be thinne and sincere that is reteine the nature of one and that a simple humour as of choler melancholy or phlegme and if they be cast forth in a great quantity without the ulceration or excoriation of the guts vehement or fretting paine then it is a Diarrhaea which some also call fluxus humoralis It is called a Lienteria when as by the resolved retentive faculty of the stomacke and guts caused by ill humours either there collected or flowing from some other place or by a cold moist distemper the meat is cast forth crude almost as it was taken A Dysenteria is when as many and different things and oft times mixt with blood are cast forth with pain gripings and an ulcer of the guts caused by acride choler fretting insunder the coats of the vessels But if in any kinde of disease certainely in a pestilent one fluxes of the belly happen immoderate in quantity and horrible in the quality of their contents as liquid viscous frothy as from melted greace yellow red purple greene ash-coloured blacke and exceeding stinking The cause is various and many sorts of ill humours which taken hold of by the pestilent malignity turne into divers species differing in their whole kinde both from their particular as also from nature in generall by reason of the corruption of their proper substance whose inseparable signe is stinch which is oft times accompanied by wormes In the campe at Amiens a pestilent Dysentery was overall the Campe in this the strongest Souldiers purged forth meere blood I dissecting some of their dead bodies observed the mouths of the Mesaraike Veines and Arteries opened and much swollen and whereas they entered into the guts were just like little Catyledones out of which as I pressed them there flowed blood For both by the excessive heat of the summers sunne and the mindes of the enraged souldiers great quantity of acride and cholericke humour was generated and so flowed into the belly but you shall know whether the greater or the lesser guts be ulcerated better by the mixture of the blood with the excrements than by the site of the paine therefore in the one you must rather worke by Glysters but in the other by Medicines taken by the mouth Therefore if by gripings a tenesmus the murmuring and working of the guts you suspect in a pestilent disease that nature endeavours to disburden it self by the lower parts neither in the meane while doe it succeed to your desire then must it be helped forward by art as by taking a potion of ℥ ss of hiera simplex and a dramme of Diaphaenicon dissolved in worme-wood water Also Glysters are good in this case not onely for that they asswage the gripings and paines and draw by continuation or succession from the whole body but also because they free the mesaraike veines and guts from obstruction and stuffing so that by opening and as it were unlocking of the passages nature may afterwards more freely free it selfe from the noxious humours In such glysters they also sometimes mixe two or three drammes of Treacle that by one and the same labour they may retunde the venenate malignity of the matter There may also be made for the same purpose suppositories of boyled hony ℥ i. of hier a picra and common salt of each ʒss or that they may bee the stronger of hony ℥ iii. of oxe gall ℥ i. of Scammony euphorbium and coloquintida poudred of each ʒss The want of these may be supplied by nodula's made in this forme ℞ vitell ovor nu iii. fellis bubuli mellis an ℥ ss salis com ʒss let them be stirred together and well incorporated and so parted into linnen ragges and then bound up into nodula's of the bignesse of a filberd and so put up into the fundament you may make them more acride by adding some powder of Euphorbium or Coloquintida CHAP. XL. Of stopping the fluxe of the belly VIolent and immoderate scourings for that they resolve the faculty and lead the patient into a consumption and death therefore if they shall appear to be such they must be stayed in time by things taken and injected by the mouth and fundament To this purpose may a pudding be made of wheat flower boyled in the water of the decoction of one pomegranate berberies bole armenick terra figillata and white poppie seeds of each ʒi The following Almond milke strengthens the stomacke and mitigates the acrimony of the cholericke humour provoking the guts to excretion Take sweet Almonds boiled in the water of barly wherein steele or Iron hath been quenched beat them in a marble motter and so with some of the same water make them into an Almond milk wherto adding ʒi of Diarhodon Abbat is you may give it to the patient to drink This following medicine I learnt of Dr. Chappelaine the Kings chiefe physitian who received it of his father and held it as a great secret was wont to prescribe it with happy successe to his patients It is thus ℞ boli à rmen terrae sigil lapid haemat an ʒi picis navalis ʒiss coral rub marg elect corn cervi ust loti in aq plant an ℈ i. sacchar ros ℥ ii fiat pulvisc of this let the patient take a spoonefull before meat or with the
yolke of an egge Christopher Andrew in his oecoiatria much commendeth dogges dung when as the dogge hath for three dayes before bin fed onely with bones Quinces rosted in embers or boyled in a pot the conserve of cornelian cherries preserved berberies and myrabalans rosted nutmeg taken before meat strengthen the stomack and stay the laske the patient must feed upon good meats and these rather reasted than boiled His drinke shall be chalibeate water of the docoction of a some pomegranate beaten or of the decoction of a quince medlars cervices mulberies bremble berries and the like things endued with a faculty to binde and waste the excrementitious humidities of the body these waters shall be mixed with syrupe of red currance Julep of roses and the like Let the region of the stomacke and belly be anointed with oile of masticke Moschatelinum myrtles and quinces Also a crust of bread newly drawn forth of the oven and steeped in vinegar and rose water may be profitably applyed or else a cataplasme of red roses sumach berberies myrtles the pulpe of quinces mastick bean flower and hony of roses made up with calibeate water Anodyne abstergent astringent consolidating and nourishing glysters shall bee injected These following retund the acrimony of humours and asswage paine â„ž fol. lactuc. hyosc acetos portul an m. i. flor violar nenuph. an p i. fiat decoctio ad lb i. in colatura dissolve cassiae fistul Ê’vi olei rosat nenuph. an â„¥ iss fiat clyster Or else â„ž ros rub hord mund sem plant an p i. fiat decoctio in colatura adde olei ros â„¥ ii vitel ovor ii fiat clyster Or â„ž decoctionis Capi crur. vitellin capit vervicin una cum pelle lb ii in qua coquantur fol. violar malv. mercur plantag an m i. hord mund â„¥ i. quatuor sem frigid major an â„¥ ss in colaturae lb ss dissolve cass recenter extract â„¥ i. ol viol â„¥ iv vitellor ovor ii sach rub â„¥ i. fiat clyster Or â„ž flor chamaem melil aneth an p i. rad bismal â„¥ i. fiat decoctio in lacte colaturae adde mucag. sem lin foenugr extract in aqua malv. â„¥ ii sacchar rub â„¥ i. olei cham aneth an â„¥ iss vitellor ovor ii fiat clyster Such glysters must be long kept that they may more readily mitigate paine When shavings of the guts appeare in the stooles it is an argument that there is an ulcer in the guts therefore then wee must use detergent and consolidating glysters as this which followes â„ž hordei integr p ii ros rub flor chamoem plantag apii an p i. fiat decoctio in colatura dissolve mellis rosat syr de absinth an â„¥ iss vitel ovor ii This following glyster consolidateth â„ž succi plantag centinod portulac nu â„¥ ii bol armen sang dracon amyl an Ê’i sebi hircini dissoluti Ê’iii fiat clyster Also cowes milke boyled with plantaine and mixed with syrupe of roses is an excellent medicine for the ulcerated guts This following glyster bindes â„ž caud equin plant polygon an m i. fiat decoctio in lacte ustulato ad quart iii. in colatura adde boli arm terrae sigil sang dracon an Ê’ii albumina duor ovor fiat clyster Or else â„ž suc plant arnoglos centinod portulac residentia facta depuratorum quantum sufficit pro clystere addendo pul boli armeni terrae sigil sang dracon an Ê’i ol myrthin rosat an â„¥ ii fiat clyster If pure blood flow forth of the guts I could wish you to use stronger astrictives To which purpose I much commend a decoction of pomegranate pills of cypresse nuts red rose leaves sumach alome and vitrioll made with smithes water and so made into glysters without any oyle It will bee good with the same decoction to foment the fundament perinaeum and the whole belly Astringent glysters ought not to bee used before that the noxious humours bee drawne away and purged by purging medicines otherwise by the stoppage hereof the body may chance to be oppressed If the patient bee so weake that hee cannot take or swallow any thing by mouth nutritive glysters shall be given him â„ž decoctionis capi pinguis cruris vitulini coct cum acetosa buglosso boragine pimpinella lactuca â„¥ x. vel xii in quibus dissolve vitellos ovorum num iii. sacchari rosati aquae vitae an â„¥ i. butyri recentis non saliti Ê’ii fiat clyster CHAP. XLI Of evacuation by insensible transpiration THe pestilent malignity as it is oft times drawne by the pores by transpiration into the body so oft times it is sent forth invisibly the same way againe For our native heat that is never idle in us disperseth the noxious humours attenuated into vapours and aire through the unperceivable breathing places of the skin An argument hereof is we see that the tumours and abscesses against nature even when they are come to suppuration are oft times resolved and discussed by the onely efficacy of nature and heate without any helpe of art Therefore there is no doubt but that nature being prevalent may free it self from the pestilent malignity by Transpiration some Abscesse Bubo or Carbuncle being come forth and some matter collected in some certaine part of the body For when as nature and the native heat are powerfull and strong nothing is impossible to it especially when as the passages are also in like manner free and open CHAP. XLII How to cure Infants and Children taken with the Plague IF that it happen that sucking or weaned children be infected with the pestilence they must bee cured after another order than is yet described The Nurse of the sucking childe must governe her selfe so in dyet and the use of medicines as if she were infected with the pestilence her self Her dyet consisteth in the use of the six things not naturall Therefore let it be moderate for the fruit or profit of that moderation in dyet cannot chuse but come unto the Nurses milke and so unto the infant who liveth onely by the milke And the infant it selfe must keep the same diet as neere as he can in sleep waking and expulsion or avoyding of superfluous humours and excrements of the body Let the Nurse bee fed with those things that mitigate the violence of the feaverish heat as cooling brothes cooling herbs and meats of a moderate temperature shee must wholy abstaine from wine and anoint her nipples as often as shee giveth the infant sucke with water or juice of sorrell tempered with sugar of roses But the infants heart must bee fortified against the violence of the encreasing venome by giving it one scruple of treacle in the Nurses milke the broth of a pullet or some other cordiall water It is also very necessary to anoint the region of the heart the emunctories and both the wrests with the same medicine neither were it unprofitable to smell often unto Treacle
some twenty foure miles from Bourges had a great piece of his tongue cut off by which occasion hee remained dumbe some three yeares It happened on a time that as hee was in the fields with reapers hee drinking in a woodden dish was tickled by some of the standers by not enduring the tickling hee suddenly broke out into articulate and intelligible words He himselfe wondring thereat and delighted with the novelty of the thing as a miracle put the same dish to his mouth just in the same manner as before and then he spake so plainly and articulately that he might be understood by them all Wherefore a long time following he alwaies carried this dish in his bosome to utter his mind untill at length necessity the mistris of arts and giver of wit inducing him hee caused a woodden instrument to be neatly cut and made for him like this which is here delineated which hee alwaies carryed hanging at his neck as the onely interpreter of his mind and the key of his speech An instrument made to supply the defect of the speech when the tongue is cut off The use of the Instrument is this A. sheweth the upper part of it which was of the thicknesse of a nine-pence which he did so hold betweene his cutting teeth that it could not come out of his mouth nor bee seene B. sheweth the lower part as thick as a sixe-pence which he did put hard to the rest of his tongue close to the membranous ligament which is under the tongue That place which is deprest and somewhat hollowed marked with the letter C. is the inner part of the instrument D. sheweth the outside of the same Hee hanged it about his necke with the string that is tyed thereto Textor the Physician of Bourges shewed me this instrument and I my selfe made tryall thereof on a young man whose tongne was cut off and it succeeded well and took very good effect And I think other Surgeons in such cases may do the like CHAP. VI. Of covering or repairing certain defects or defaults in the face IT oftentimes happeneth that the face is deformed by the sudden flashing of Gunpowder or by a pestilent Carbuncle so that one cannot behold it without great horrour Such persons must be so trimmed and ordered that they may come in seemely manner into the company of others The lips if they bee either cut off with a sword or deformed with the erosion or eating of a pestilent Carbuncle or ulcerated Cancer so that the teeth may be seene to lye bare with great deformity If the losse or consumption of the lip bee not very great it may be repaired by that way which we have prescribed in the cure of hare lips or of an ulcerated Cancer But if it be great then must there be a lip of gold made for it so shadowed and counterfeited that it may not be much unlike in colour to the naturall lip and it must be fastened and tyed to the hat or cap that the patient weareth on his head that so it may remaine stable and firme CHAP. VII Of the defects of the eares SUch as want their eares either naturally or by misfortune as through a wound carbuncle cancer or the biting of wild beasts if so be that the eare be not wholly wanting wasted consumed or torne away but that some portion thereof doth yet remaine then must it not bee neglected but must have many holes made therein with a bodkin and after that the holes are cicatrized let some convenient thing made like unto the piece of the eare that is lost bee tyed or fastned unto it by these holes But if the eare bee wholly wanting another must bee made of paper artificially glewed together or else of leather and so fastened with laces from the toppe or hinder part of the head that it may stand in the appointed place and so the haire must be permitted to grow long or else some cap worne under the hat which may hide or cover the deformity unlesse you had rather have it to bee shadowed and counterfeited by some Painter that thereby it may resemble the colour of a naturall eare and so retein it in the place where it ought to stand with a rod or wiar comming from the toppe or hinder part of the head as wee have spoken before in the losse of the eye and the forme thereof is this CHAP. VIII Of amending the deformity of such as are crooke-backt THe bodies of many especially young maids or girles by reason that they are more moist and tender than the bodies of boyes are made crooked in processe of time especially by the wrenching aside and crookednesse of the backe-bone It hath many causes that is to say in the first conformation in the wombe and afterwards by misfortune as a fall bruise or any such like accident but especially by the unhandsome and undecent situation of their bodies when they are young and tender either in carrying sitting or standing and especially when they are taught to goe too soone saluting sewing writing or in doing any such like thing In the meane while that I may not omit the occasion of crookednesse that happens seldome to the country people but is much incident to the inhabitants of great townes and cities which is by reason of the straitnesse and narrownesse of the garments that are worne by them which is occasioned by the folly of mothers who while they covet to have their young daughters bodies so small in the middle as may be possible plucke and draw their bones awry and make them crooked For the ligaments of the back-bone being very tender soft and moist at that age cannot stay it strait and strongly but being pliant easily permits the spondels to slippe awry inwards outwards or sidewise as they are thrust or forced The remedy for this deformity is to have breast-plates of iron full of holes all over them wherby they may be lighter to wear and they must be so lined with bombast that they may hurt no place of the body Every three moneths new plates must be made for those that are not yet arrived at their full growth for otherwise by the daily afflux of more matter they would become worse But these plates will do them small good that are already at their full growth The forme of an iron Breast-plate to amend the crookednesse of the Body CHAP. IX How to relieve such as have their urine flow from them against their wills and such as want their yards IN those that have the strangury of what cause soever that malady commeth the urine passeth from them by drops against their wils and consent This accident is very grievous and troublesome especially to men that travaile and for their sakes onely I have invented the instrument here beneath described It is made like unto a close breech or hose it must be of latin to contein some four ounces it must be put into the patients hose between his thighs
more firmely in their places but let that side of the soale of the shooe be underlayed whither the foote did incline before it was restored The forme of little bootes whereof the one is open and the other shut CHAP. XII By what meanes armes legs and hands may be made by art and placed in stead of the naturall armes legs or hands that are cut off and lost NEcessity oftentimes constraines us to find out the meanes whereby we may help and imitate nature and supply the defect of members that are perished and lost And hereof it commeth that we may performe the functions of going standing and handling with armes and hands made by art and undergoe our necessary flexions and extensions with both of them I have gotten the formes of all those members made so by art and the proper names of all the engines and instruments wherby those artificially made are called to my great cost and charges of a most ingenious excellent Smith dwelling at Paris who is called of those that know him and also of strangers by no other name than the little Loraine and here I have caused them to bee portrayed or set downe that those that stand in neede of such things after the example of them may cause some Smith or such like workman to serve them in the like case They are not onely profitable for the necessity of the body but also for the decency and comelinesse thereof And here followeth their formes The forme of an hand made artificially of iron This figure following sheweth the back-side of an hand artificially made and so that it may be tyed to the arme or sleeve The forme of an arme made of iron very artificially The description of legs made artificially of iron The forme of a woodden Leg made for poore men A. Sheweth the stump or stock of the woodden leg BB. Sheweth the two stayes which must bee on both sides of the leg the shorter of them must bee on the inner side CC. Sheweth the pillow or bolster whereon the knee must rest in the bottome between the two stayes that so it may rest the softer DD. Sheweth the thongs or girths with their round buckles put through the two stayes on either side to stay the knee in his place firm and immoveable that it slip not aside E. Sheweth the thigh it selfe that you may know after what fashion it must stand It happens also many times that the patient that hath had the nerves or tendons of his leg wounded long after the wound is whole and consolidated cannot goe but with very great paine and torment by reason that the foot cannot follow the muscle that should draw it up That this maladie may be remedied you ought to fasten a linnen band made very strong unto the shooe that the patient weareth on that his pained foot and at the knee it must have a slit where the knee may come forth in bowing of the leg it must be trussed up fast unto the patients middle that it may the better lift up and erect the foot in going This band is marked in the figure following with the letters AA CHAP. XIII Of amending or helping lamenesse or halting HAlting is not onely a great deformity but also very troublesome and grievous Therefore if that any man be grieved therewith by reason that one of his legs is shorter than the other it may be holpen by putting under his short foot this sitting crutch which we are now about to describe For by the helpe of this he shall not onely goe upright but also more easily and with little labour or no pain at all It was taught mee by Nicholas Picard Chirurgian to the Duke of Loraine The forme thereof is this A. Sheweth the staffe or stilt of this crutch which must bee made of wood B. Sheweth the seat of iron whereon the thigh resteth just under the buttocke C. Sheweth a prop which stayeth up the seat whereon all the weight of the patients body resteth D. Sheweth the stirrop being made of iron and bowing crooked upwards that the foot may stand firm and not slip off it when the patient goeth E. Sheweth the prop that stayeth or holdeth up the stirrop to strengthen it F. Sheweth the foote of the stilt or crutch made of iron with many pikes and compassed with a ring or ferule so to keepe it from slipping G. The crosse or head of the crutch which the patient must put under his arme-hole to leane upon as it is to be seene in the figure The End of the Twentie third Booke OF THE GENERATION OF MAN THE TWENTY FOURTH BOOK THE PREFACE GOD the Creator and maker of all things immediately after the Creation of the world of his unspeakable counsell and inestimable wisedome not onely distinguished mankinde but all other living creatures also into a double sex to wit of male and female that so they being moved and enticed by the allurements of lust might desire copulation thence to have procreation For this bountifull Lord hath appointed it as a solace unto every living creature against the most certaine fatall necessity of death that for as much as each particular living creature cannot continue for ever yet they may endure by their species or kinde by propagation and succession of creatures which is by procreation so long as the world endureth In this conjunction or copulation replenished with such delectable pleasure which God hath chiefly established by the law of Matrimony the male and female yeeld forth their seeds which presently mixed and conjoyned are received and kept in the females wombe For the seed is a certaine spumous or foamie humour replenished with vitall spirit by the benefit whereof as it were by a certain ebullition or fermentation it is puffed up and swolne bigger and both the seedes being separated from the more pure bloud of both the parents are the materiall and formall beginning of the issue for the seede of the male being cast and received into the wombe is accounted the principall and efficient cause but the seede of the female is reputed the subjacent matter or the matter whereon it worketh Good and laudable seede ought to bee white shining clammy knotty smelling like unto the elder or palme delectable to bees and sinking downe to the bottome of water being put into it for that which swimmeth on the water is esteemed unfruitfull for a great portion commeth from the brain yet some thereof falles from the whole body from all the parts both firme and 〈◊〉 thereof For unlesse it come from the whole body every part therof all every part of the issue cannot be formed thereby because like things are engendered of their like and therefore it commeth that the child resembleth the parents not onely in stature and favour but also in the conformation and proportion of his lims and members and complexion and temperature of his inward parts so that diseases are oft times hereditary the
Many times children have fretting of the guts that maketh them to cry which commeth of crudity This must bee cured by applying unto the belly sweaty or moist woole macerated in oile of chamomile If when the childes teeth begin to grow he chance to bite the nipple of the nurses breast there will bee an ulcer very contumacious and hard to be cured because that the sucking of the childe and the rubbing of the cloaths doe keep it alwaies raw it must be cured with fomenting it with allome water and then presently after the fomentation putting thereupon a cover of leade made like unto a hat as they are here described with many holes in the toppe whereat both the milke and also the sanious matter that commeth from the ulcers may goe out for lead it selfe will cure ulcers The figure of leaden Nipples to be put upon the Nipple or Teat of the Nurse when it is ulcerated Children may be caused to cease their crying foure manner of waies that is to say by giving them the teat by rocking them in a cradle by singing unto them and by changing the cloaths and swathes wherein they are wrapped They must not bee rocked too violently in the cradle lest that the milke that is sucked should be corrupted by the too violent motion by reason whereof they must not be handled violently any other way and not altogether prohibited or not suffered to cry For by crying the breast and lungs are dilated and made bigger and wider the naturall parts the stronger and the braine nostrills the eyes and mouth are purged by the teares and filth that come from the eyes and nostrills But they must not bee permitted to cry long or fiercely for feare of breaking the production of the Peritonaum and thereby causing the falling downe of the guts into the cod which rupture is called of the Greekes Enterocele or of the caule which the Greekes call Epiplocele CHAP. XXIIII Of the weaning of children MAny are weaned in the eighteenth moneth some in the twentieth but all or the most part in the second yeare for then their teeth appeare by whose presence nature seemeth to require some harder meat than milke or pappe wherewith children are delighted and will feed more earnestly thereon But there is no certaine time of weaning of children For the teeth of some will appeare sooner and some later for they are prepared of nature for no other purpose than to chaw the meat If children bee weaned before their teeth appeare and bee fed with meat that is somewhat hard and solid according to the judgement of Avicen they are incident to many diseases comming through crudity because the stomacke is yet but weake and wanteth that preparation of the meates which is made in the mouth by chawing which men of ripe yeers cannot want without offence when the childe is two yeeres old and the teeth appeare if the childe more vehemently desire harder meates and doth feed on them with pleasure good successe he may be safely weaned for it cannot be supposed that he hath this appetite of hard meats in vain by the instinct of nature Yet he may not be weaned without such an appetite if all other things be correspondent that is to say his teeth and age for those things that are eaten without an appetite cannot profit But if the childe be weake sickly or feeble he ought not to be weaned And when the meet time of weaning commeth the nurse must now and then use him to the teat whereby he may leave it by little and little and then let the teate be anointed or rubbed with bitter things as with Aloes water of the infusion of Colocynthus or worme-wood or with mustard or soote steeped in water or such like Children that are scabby in their heads and over all their bodies and which void much flegme at their mouth and nostrills and many excrements downwards are like to be strong and sound of body for so they are purged of excrementall humours contrariwise those that are cleane and faire of body gather the matter of many diseases in their bodies which in processe of time will breake forth and appeare Certainely by the sodaine falling of such matters into the backe-bone many become crookebackt CHAP. XXV By what signes it may bee knowne whether the childe in the wombe bee dead or alive IF neither the Chirurgians hand nor the mother can perceive the infant to move if the waters bee flowed out and secundine come forth you may certainely affirme that the infant is dead in the wombe for this is the most infallible signe of all others for because the child in the wombe doth breathe but by the artery of the navell and the breath is received by the Cotyledon of the arteries of the wombe it must of necessity come to passe that when the secundine is separated from the infant no aire or breath can come unto it Wherefore so often as the secundine is excluded before the childe you may take it for a certaine token of the death thereof when the childe is dead it will be more heavie to the mother than it was before when it was alive because it is now no more sustained by the spirits and faculties wherewith before it was governed and ruled for so we see dead men to be heavier than those that are alive men that are weak through hunger and famine to be heavier than when they are well refreshed and also when the mother enclines her body any way the infant falleth that way also even as it were a stone The mother is also vexed with sharpe paine from the privities even to the navell with a perpetuall desire of making water and going to stoole because that nature is wholly busied in the expolsion or avoidance of that which is dead for that which is alive will expell the dead so farre as it can from it selfe because the one is altogether different from the other but likenesse if any thing conjoynes and unites things together the genitalls are cold in touching and the mother complaineth that she feeleth a coldnesse in her womb by reason that the heat of the infant is extinguished wherewith before her heate was doubled many filthy excrements come from her and also the mothers breath stinketh she swouneth often all which for the most part happen within three daies after the death of the childe for the infants body will sooner corrupt in the mothers wombe than it would in the open aire because that according to the judgement of Galen all hot and moist things being in like manner enclosed in a hot and moist place especially if by reason of the thickenesse or straitenesse of the place they cannot receive the aire will speedily corrupt Now by the rising up of such vapours from the dead unto the braine and heart such accidents may soone follow her face will be clean altered seeming livid and ghastly her dugs fall
spermatis Ceti ℥ ii olei amygdal dulcium hypericon an ℥ iss sevihircini ℥ i. olei myrtillor ℥ i. cer ae novae quantum sufficit make thereof an oyntment wherewith let her bee annoynted twice in the day let a plaster of Galbanum bee applyed to the navell in the middest whereof put some few graines of Civet or Muske so that the smell of the plaster may not strike up into her nostrils Then let this medicine following bee applyed commonly called Tela Gualterina ℞ cer ae novae ℥ iiii spermatis Ceti ℥ iss terebinth venetaein aqua rosacea lotae ℥ ii olei amygdal dulcium hypericonis an ℥ i. olei mastich myrtini an ℥ ss axungiae cervi ℥ iss melt them all together and when they are melted take it from the fire and then dippe a linnen cloth therein as bigge as may serve to fit the region of the belly whereunto it is to bee applyed These remedies will keepe the externall region of the belly from wrinkling But of all other the medicine following excelleth ℞ limacum rub lb i. florum anthos quart iii. let them bee cut all in small pieces and put into an earthen pot well nealed with lead and close stopped then let it bee set in the dung of horses for the space of forty dayes and then bee pressed or strained and let the liquor that is strayned out bee kept in a glasse well covered and set in the sunne for the space of three or foure dayes and therewith annoynt the belly of the woman that lyeth in child-bed If shee bee greatly tormented with throwes let the powder following bee given unto her ℞ anisi conditi ℥ ii nucis moschat cornu cervi ust an ʒi ss nuclcorum dactyllor ʒiii ligni aloës cinamomi an ʒii make thereof a most subtle powder let her take ʒi thereof at once with white wine warme Or ℞ rad confolidae major ʒiss nucleorum persicorum nucis moschat an ℈ ii carab ℈ ss ambrae graezoe gra iiii make thereof a powder let her take one dramme thereof at a time with white wine or if shee have a feaver with the broth of a Capon Let there be hot bagges applyed to the genitalls belly and raynes these bagges must bee made of millet and oates fryed in a frying pan with a little white wine But if through the violence of the excraction the genitall parts bee torne as ancient writers affirm it hath come to passe so that the two holes as the two holes of the privie parts and of the fundament have beene torne into one then that which is rent must bee stitched up and the wound cured according to art Which is a most unfortunate chance for the mother afterwards for when shee shall travell againe shee cannot have her genitall parts to extend and draw themselves in againe by reason of the scarre So that then it will bee needfull that the Chirurgion shall againe open the place that was cicatrized for otherwise shee shall never bee delivered although shee strive and contend never so much I have done the like cure in two women that dwelt in Paris CHAP. XXVIII What cure must bee used to the Dugges and Teates of those that are brought to bed IF great store and abundance of milke bee in the breasts and the woman bee not willing to nurse her owne childe they must bee annoynted with the unguent following to repell the milke and cause it to bee expelled through the wombe ℞ olei ros myrtini an ℥ iii. aceti rosat ℥ i. incorporate them together and therewith annoynt thè dugges foure times a day and presently after the annoynting besprinkle them with the powder of myrtils and then apply the plaster following ℞ pulv mastichini nucis moschat an ʒii cupressiʒiii balaust myrtill an ʒiss Ireos florent ℥ ss olei myrtini ℥ iii. terebinth veneta ℥ ii cerae novae quantum sufficit make thereof a soft plaster The leaves of brooke-lime cresses and boxe boyled together in urine and vinegar are thought a present remedy for this purpose that is to say to draw the milke from the breasts And others take the clay that falleth downe into the bottome of the trough wherein the grindstone whereon swords are grownd turneth and mixe it with oyle of roses and apply it warme unto the dugges which in short space as it is thought will asswage the paine stay the inflammation and drive the milke out of the dugges The decoction of ground Ivie Peruwincle Sage redde Roses and roach Alome being prepared in oxycrate and used in the forme of a fomentation is thought to performe the like effect the like vertue have the lees of red wine applyed to the dugges with vinegar or the distilled water of unripe Pine-apples applyed to the breasts with linnen clothes wet therein or hemlocke beaten and applyed with the young and tender leaves of a gourd This medicine following is approved by use Take the leaves of Sage Smallage Rue and Chervill and cut or chop them very small and incorporate them in vinegar and oyle of Roses and so apply it warme to the breast and renue it thrice a day In the meane time let Cupping-glasses bee applyed to the inner side of the thigh and groine and also above the navell For this is very effectuall to draw the milke out of the breasts into the wombe by the veines whereby the wombe communicateth with the breasts Moreover they may let children or little welpes sucke their breasts whereby they may draw out the milke that is fixed fast in their dugges in steed whereof wee have invented this instrument of glasse wherewith when the broader orifice is fastened or placed on the breast or dugge and the pipe turned upwards towards her mouth shee may suck her owne breasts her selfe The forme of a little glasse which being put on the nipple the woman may sucke her owne breasts In steede of this instrument a violl of glasse being first made warme and the mouth thereof applyed to the nipple or teat by reason of the heate and widenesse thereof will draw the milke forth into the bottome thereof as it were by a certaine sucking The after purgations being first evacuated which is done for the most part within twenty dayes after the birth if the woman bee not in danger of a feaver nor have any other accident let her enter into a bath made of marjerome mints sage rosemary mugwurt agrimonie pennyroyall the flowers of chamomile melilote dill being boyled in most pure and cleare running water All the day following let another such like bath bee prepared whereunto let these things following bee added ℞ farini fabarum aven an lb. iii. farin orobi lupinor gland an lb. i. aluminis roch ℥ iiii salis com lb. ii gallarum nucum cupressi an ℥ iii. rosar rub m. vi chariophyl nucum moschat an ʒ iii. boyle them all in common water then sew them all in a cleane linnen
ball but it may bee more easily taken hold on with the Gryphons Talon if the belly be pressed on both sides that it may remaine still while the Gryphons Talon takes hold on it for when it hath taken good hold on it it may be easily drawne out When the mola is drawne out the same cure must be used to the woman as is used to a woman after that she is delivered of child The figure of an instrument called a Gryphons Talon to draw out the Mola when it is loose in the wombe CHAP. XXXVI Of Tumours or swellings happening to the Pancreas or sweet-bread and the whole Mesentery THe tumours of other places and parts in the belly ought diligently to bee distinguished from the mola and other tumours of the wombe For when tumours arise in the glandula called Pancreas and in all the whole Mesenterium many unskilfull Chirurgions take them for mola's or scirrhous tumors of the wombe and so goe erroneously about to cure them as shall appeare by those histories following Isabel Rolant the wife of John Bony dwelling in Paris in the street Moncey neere to St. Gervise his Church being threescore yeares of age departed this life in the yeare of our Lord God 1578. on the twenty second day of October and her body being opened in the presence of Doctor Milot the Physician hee when the Mesentery was taken out of the body caused it to be carried home to his house that at his leasure he might find out the cause of this mortall disease which was alwayes suspected to be in the Mesentery Therefore on a time calling Varadeus Brove Chappell Marescotius Arragonius Baillutius Reburtius and Riolan all Doctors of Physick and me and Pineus Chirurgions to his house to see the same Where wee found all the Mesentery and the Pancreas in the Mesentery swolne and puffed up with a marvellous and almost incredible tumour so that it wayed ten pound and an halfe altogether scirrhous on the out side cleaving on the hinder part onely to the vertebres of the loynes but on the fore part to the Peritonaeum being also scirrhous and wholly cartilaginous Moreover there were infinite other abscesses in the same Mesentery every one closed in his severall cyst some filled with a hony-like some with a tallow-like some with an albugineous and some with a waterish liquor or humour whereof some also were like unto pap and to conclude looke how many abscesses there were so many kinds or differences of matters there were It was then eight yeares since that tumour began to grow by little and little without feeling and paine unto such a greatnesse because that the Mesentery it selfe was without pain in a manner For the woman her selfe could do all the faculties of nature almost as well as if she had bin sound and whole except that two moneths before she died she was constrained to keep her bed because shee had a continuall feaver which endured so long as she lived and also because that the Mesentery being as it were separated or torne from its roots or seate did rowle up and downe in the belly not without the feeling of grievous paine for as we said before it did stick but only to the vertebres of the loynes and Peritonaeum and nothing at all to the guts and other parts whereunto it is as it were naturally knit or joyned Therefore because the weight and heavinesse thereof depressed the bladder it caused a great difficulty in her making of water and also because it rested on the guts it made it very painefull for her to goe to stoole so that the excrements would not come downe except shee tooke a sharpe glyster to cause them and as concerning glysters they could not be put up high enough by reason of the greatnesse of the tumour which enclosed and shut the way and suppositories did no good at all It was also very difficult for her to take breath by reason that the midriffe or diaphragma was compressed with the tumour There were some that did suspect it to be a mola others thought that it came by reason of the dropsie Assuredly this disease caused the dropsie to ensue neither was the cause thereof obscure for the function of the liver was quite frustrated by reason that the concoction or alteration of the Chylus was intercepted by occasion of the tumour and moreover the liver it selfe had a proper disease for it was hard and scirrhous and had many abscesses both within and without it and all over it The milt was scarce free from putrefaction the guts and Kall were somewhat blew and spotted and to bee briefe there was nothing sound in the lower belly There is the like history to bee read written by Philip Ingrassias in his booke of tumours of a certaine Moore that was hanged for theft for saith he when his body was publikely dissected in the Mesenterium were found seventy scrophulous tumours and so many abscesses were contained or enclosed in their severall cysts or skins and sticking to the externall tunicle especially of the greater guts the matter conteyned in them was divers for it was hard knotty clammy glutinous liquid and waterish but the entrals especially the liver and the milt were sound and free from all manner of tainture because as the same Author alledgeth nature being strong had sent all the evill juice and the corruption of the entrals into the Mesentery and verily this Moore so long as he lived was in good and perfect health Without doubt the corruption of superfluous humours for the most part is so great as it is noted by Fernelius that it cannot bee received in the receptacles that nature hath appointed for it therefore then no small portion thereof falleth downe into the parts adjoyning and especially into the Mesentery and pancreas which are as it were the sink of the whole body In those bodies which through continuall and daily gluttony abound with choler melancholy and flegme if it be not purged in time nature being strong and lusty doth depell and drive it downe into the pancreas and the Mesentery which are as places of no great repute and that especially out of the liver and milt by those veines or branches of the vena porta which end or goe not into the guts but are terminated in the Mesentery and pancreas In these places divers humours are heaped together which in processe of time turne into a loose and soft tumour then if they grow bigger into a stiffe hard and very scirrhous tumour Whereof Fernelius affirmeth that in those places he hath found the causes of choler melancholy fluxes dysenteries cachexia's atrophia's consumptions tedious and uncertain fevers and lastly of many hidden diseases by the taking away whereof some have received their health that have been though past cure Moreover Ingrassias affirmeth out of Julius Pollux that Scrophulaes may be engendred in the Mesentery which nothing differs from the mind
default of the principall parts For if the brain or the stomacke be cooled or the liver stopped or schirrous many crudities are engendered which if they runne or fall downe into the wombe that is weake by nature they cause the fluxe of the wombe or whites but if this fluxe be moderate and not sharpe it keepeth the body from maligne diseases otherwise it useth to inferre a consumption leannesse palenesse and an oedematous swelling of the legges the falling downe of the wombe the dejection of the appetite and all the faculties and continuall sadnesse and sorrowfulnesse from which it is very hard to perswade the sicke woman because that her minde and heart will bee almost broken by reason of the shame that shee taketh because such filth floweth continually it hindereth conception because it either corrupteth or driveth out the seed when it is conceived Often times if it stoppeth for a few moneths the matter that stayeth there causeth an abscesse about the wombe in the body or necke thereof and by the breaking of the abscesse there followeth rotten and cancerous ulcers sometimes in the wombe sometimes in the groine and often in the hippes This disease is hard to bee cured not onely by reason of it selfe as because all the whole filth and superfluous excrements of a womans body floweth downe into the womb as it were into a sink because it is naturally weak hath an inferiour situation many vessells ending therein and last of all because the courses are wont to come through it as also by reason of the sicke woman who often times had rather dye than to have that place seene the disease knowne or permit locall medicines to bee applied thereto for so saith Montanus that on a time hee was called to a noble woman of Italy who was troubled with this disease unto whom hee gave counsell to have cleansing decoctions injected into her wombe which when shee heard she fell into a swoune and desired her husband never thereafter to use his counsell in any thing CHAP. LX. The cure of the Whites IF the matter that floweth out in this disease bee of a red colour it differeth from the naturall monthly fluxe in this onely because it keeps no order or certain time in its returning Therfore phlebotomy and other remedies which we have spoken of as requisite for the menstruall fluxe when it floweth immoderately is here necessary to be used But if it bee white or doth testifie or argue the ill juice of this or that humour by any other colour a purgation must be prescribed of such things as are proper to the humour that offends for it is not good to stop such a flux suddenly for it is necessary that so the body should be purged of such filth or abundance of humours for they that doe hasten to stop it cause the dropâ—ie by reason that this sinke of humours is turned backe into the liver or else a cancer in the womb because it is stayed there or a feaver or other diseases according to the condition of the part that receiveth it Therefore we must not come to locall detersives deâ—iâ—catives restrictives unlesse we have first used universall remedies according to art Alom baths baths of brimstone and of bitumen or iron are convenient for the whites that come of a phlegmaticke humour instead whereof bathes may bee made of the decoction of herbes that are hot dry and endued with an aromaticke power with alome and pebbles or flint-stones red hot throwne into the same Let this bee the forme of a cleansinâ— decoction and injection â„ž fol. absynth agrimon centinod burs past an mss boyle them together and make thereof a decoction in which dissolve mellis rosar â„¥ ii aloes myrrhae salis nitri an Ê’i make thereof an injection the woman being so placed on a pillow under her buttockes that the necke of the wombe being more high may be wide open when the injection is received let the woman â—et her legges acrosse and draw them up to her buttockes and so shee may keepe that which is injected They that endeavour to dry and bind more strongly adde the juice of acatia greene galles the rindes of pomegranates roch alome romane vitrioll and they boile them in Smithes water and red wine pessaries may be made of the like faculty If the matter that commeth forth be of an ill colour or smell it is like that there is a rotten ulcer therefore we ought to inject those things that have power to correct the putrefaction among which aegyptiacum dissolved in lye or red wine excelleth There are women which when they are troubled with a virulent Gonorrhaea or an involuntary fluxe of the seed cloaking the fault with an honest name doe untruly say that they have the whites because that in both these diseases a great abundance of filth is voided But the Chyrurgian may easily perceive that malady by the rottennesse of the matter that floweth out and hee shall perswade himselfe that it will not bee cured without salivation or fluxing at the mouth and sweats In the meane while let him put in an instrument made like unto a pessary and cause the sicke woman to hold it there this instrument must have many holes in the upper end through which the purulent matter may passe which by staying or stopping might get a sharpnesse as also that so the womb may breathe the more freely and may be kept more temperate and coole by receiving the aire by the benefit of a spring whereby this instrument being made like unto a pessary is opened and shut The forme of an instrument made like unto a pessary whereby the wombe may bee ventilated A. sheweth the end of the instrument which must have many holes therein B. sheweth the body of the instrument C. sheweth the plate whereby the mouth of the instrument is opened and shut as wide and as close as you will for to receive aire more freely D. sheweth the spring EE shew the laces and bands to tye about the patients body that so the instrument may be stayed and kept fast in his place CHAP. LXI Of the hoemorrhoides and wartes of the necke of the wombe LIke as in the fundament so in the necke of the wombe there are hoemorrhoides and as it were varicous veines often times flowing with much blood or with a red and stinking whayish humor Some of these by reason of their rednesse and great in equality as it were of knobs are like unripe mulberries and are called vulgarly venae morales that is to say the veines or hoemorrhoides like unto mulberries others are like unto grapes and therefore are named uvales other some are like unto warts and therefore are called venae verrucales some appeare shew themselves with a great tumour others are little and in the bottome of the neck of the wombe others are in the side or edge thereof Achrochordon is a kinde of wart with a
foot long it had a very great head with two eyes standing in a line and not one against another with two eares and a double mouth a snout very fleshy and greene two wings five holes in her throat like those of a Lamprey a taile an ell long at the setting on whereof there were two little wings This monster was brought alive to Quioza and presented to the chiefe of the city as a thing whereof the like had not beene formerly seene The figure of a monstrous flying Fish There are so many and different sorts of shells to be found in the Sea that it may be truely said that Nature the hand-maid of the Almighty desports it selfe in the framing of them In so great diversity I have chiefly made choice of three to treat of here as those that are worthy of the greatest admiration In these lye hid certain little fishes as snailes in their shells which Aristotle calls Cancelli and hee affirmeth them to be the common companions of the crusted and shell fishes as those which in their species or kinde are like to Lobsters and use to be bred without shells but as they creepe into shells and there inhabite they are like to shell fishes It is one of these that is termed the Hermite He hath two somewhat long and slender hornes under which are his eyes alwaies standing out of his head as those which he cannot plucke and draw in as Crabbes can His fore-feet have clawes upon them where with he defends himselfe and carries meat to his mouth having two other on each side and a third being lesser the which he useth in going The female laies egges which hang forth at her backe part as if they were put upon a thread being joyned together by certaine little membranes Lastly in the opinion of Aelian the Cancellus or small Cray-fish is borne naked and without a shell but within a while after she of many which shee findes empty makes choice of a fit one and when as growne bigger she cannot bee contained or dwell any longer therein or else being stimulated with a naturall desire of copulation she removes into a more capacious and convenient one These little Cray-fishes oft times fight together for their habitation and the stronger carries away the empty shell or else makes the weaker to quit possession Now the shell is either of a Nerita or Turbo and oft times of a small Purple and entring into possession she carries it about there feeds and growes and â—…en seekes a more capacious one as Aristotle saith in the formerly cited place The effigies of the empty shells whereinto the Cancelli use to creep to dwell The effigies of Bernard the Hermite housed in his shell The figure of him out of his Cell Somethinke that this Bernard the Hermite is that kinde of Cancellus which is by Pliny termed Pinnoter but in truth the Pinnoter is not a kinde of Cancellus or Cray-fish but of a little Crab. Now in Aristotle there is much difference betweene Cancellus and Cancer parvus though Pliny may seeme to confound them for he is bred naked having his crust onely but without a shell wherefore seeing that by nature he wants it he diligently searches for it and dwells in it when as he hath found it But the Pinnoter is not bred by it selfe alone but in Pinna and some others and hee changeth not his habitation because as Aristotle thinks being of the kind of dwarfe Crabbes it never growes bigge neither dwells it in empty shells Now the Pinna or Pime is a kinde of shell-fish it breeds in muddy places and is alwaies open neither is it at any time without a companion which they therefore call the Pinnoter or Pinnophylax i. e. the Pin-keeper as Pliny saith Verily that these things are thus you may plainely perceive by these words of Athenaeus Chrysippus Solensis 5. de Honest Volupt saith the Pinna and Pinnoter assist and further each other neither can they liveasunder The Pinna may be referred to the kinds of oysters but the Pinnoter is a dwarfe Crabbe the Pinna opens her shell for the little fishes to enter thereinto the Pinnoter stands by observing if any come in which if they doe he gives the Pin noice thereof by biting who presently thereupon shuts her shell and so they feed together upon that they catch by this meanes Thus Athenaeus Shee is also for this her craft mentioned by Plutarch in his writings The Pinnoter is sometimes called by Pliny Cancer dapis assectator But that which by these authors is attributed to the dwarfe Crabbe the same by Cicero is ascribed to the little shrimpe now the Pinna saith hee opening her two large shels enters into confederacy with the little shrimp for getting of food wherefore when little fishes swimme into her gaping shell then the Pinna admonished by the shrimps biting her shuts her shell thus two unlike creatures get their livings together But Plutarch seemes to make the Pinna to be the Pearle Oister in that work of his whereas he enquireth whether the craft of Water or Land beastes bee the greater But amongst the most miraculous fishes may fitly bee placed the Nautilos or Sayler of some called Pompylos it is thought to bee a kinde of Polypus it comes with the face upwards to the toppe of the Sea raising it selfe by little and little that casting forth all the water by a pipe as if it had a Pumpe it easily floats then putting backe the two first tendrills or armes it extends betweene them a membrane of wondrous fineness or thinnesse which gathering aire like as a saile and she rowing with the rest of her armes she guides her selfe with her taile in the midst as a Rudder Thus shee sailes along in imitation of Pinnaces and if any thing affright her she presently takes in water and sinkes herselfe The shape of the Nautilus or Sayler-fish The better to store this treatise of Monsters abusing the name with the Poets we will reckon up the whale amongst the Sea-monsters by reason of his monstrous and wondrous magnitude Now the Whale is the greatest by much of all the fishes of the Sea for most commonly this beast is thirty sixe cubits long eight high the slit of his mouth is eighteene foot long teeth they have none but in stead thereof in each Jaw horny blacke excrescences or finnes which we vulgarly terme Whale bones which by little and little end in small haires like to a swines bristles which comming and standing out of his mouth are in stead of Guides lest whilest he swimmes with a blind and rapide violence he might runne against a rocke His eyes are distant one from the other the space of foure elles which outwardly appeare small but inwardly they are bigger than a mans head wherefore they are deceived that say that they are no bigger than an Oxes eyes his nose is short but in the middle of his forhead he
℞ Mellis ℥ i. irritantisʒi ℞ Mellis cocti ℥ i. pul Colocynthidos ℈ ss Salis gemmae ℈ i. fiat Suppositorium Wee use Suppositories when the sicke by his infirmity is unwilling or not able to beare or away with a Glyster as in burning Feavers or when as one being injected is slow and resteth in the guts And we use the sharper Suppositories in seporiferous affects of the head that they might provoke the dull faculty of the guts to expulsion As also when the condition of the disease is such that by the use of Glysters there is manifest hurt as in an Enterocele where the gut so swels that over and above it be filled by the glyster infused it would the more presse the Peritonaeum so that straightwaies by the relaxed or broken part it might easily be devolved into the Codde Nodules have the same use with Suppositories and are oftentimes substituted in stead of Glysters They are made of gentle medicines as the yelkes of Egges with a little Salt and Butter or of Gall and Honey tyed up in a cloth in the forme of a Filbert the string of it may hang forth whereby the Nodule in the fundament may be drawne forth This description may be an example of Nodules ℞ Vitellum unius ovi cui adde salis modicum fellis vervecis mellis an ℥ ss butyri ℥ iii. misce fiant Noduli filo appensi A Pessary is grosser than a Suppository and is appointed for the wombe being made with Cotton-wooll or Silke steeped in some medicament and then put into the necke of the wombe A pessary is used either to ulcers of the necke of the wombe or for the procuring or stopping of the Menstrua or against sordide and hurtfull humours of the wombe causing hystericall passions and therefore to be wasted away and evacuated Therefore in the composition of pessaries are used gummes juices seeds of herbes roots and many other things according to the advise of the Phisitian they are also made of a solide consistence the bignesse of a finger that they may enter into the necke of the wombe these being tyed with a string which must hang forth to plucke it out withall when occasion serves This following may be an example of their description rum myrrh aloes an ʒ i. sabin semin nigel arthemis an ʒ ii radic ellebor nig ʒ i. croci ℈ i. cum succo mercurial melle fiat pessus let it bee tied to the thigh with a thread Or this ℞ mastich thurii an ℥ iii. alum ros rub nuc cupres an ʒ ii ladan hypoci sumach myrtil an ʒ iii. fiant pessi cum succo arnoglos cotoniorum According to this example others may be made for to mollifie to binde to cleanse to incarnate to cicatrize and cover the ulcers of the womb they are to be put up when the patient lieth in bed and to be kept all night Pessaries are also made of medicinable powders not onely mingled with some juice but also with those powders alone being put into a little bagge of some thinne matter being stuffed with a little cotton that it might be of a convenient stiffenesse and this kinde of pessaries may bee used profitably in the falling of the mother An example of one mentioned by Rondeletius in his booke of inward Medicines is as followeth ℞ Benioini styracis caryoph an ʒ i. gal mosch ℥ ss moschi gr vi fiat pulvis this being made up with cotton may be put up into the body CHAP. XXIV Of Oyles PRoperly and commonly we call oile that juice which is pressed forth of Olives but the word is used more largely for we call every juice of a fluxible unctuous and aiery substance Oyle There are three differences of these oleaginous juices The first is of those things which yeeld oile by expression as well fruits as seeds being bruised that by beating the oily juice may be pressed forth some are drawn without fire as oile of sweet and bitter almonds oyle of nuts of palma Christi Others are made to runne by the helpe of fire by which meanes is gotten oile of baies linseed oyle rape oyle oile of hempe and such like The manner of drawing oile from seeds is set downe by Mesue in his third booke The second sort is of those oyles which are made by the infusion of simple medicines in oyle wherein they leave their qualities and this is done three severall waies the first is by boyling of roots leaves tops of flowers fruits seeds gummes whole beastes with wine water or some other juice with common or any other oile untill the wine water or juice bee consumed which you may perceive to bee perfectly done if you cast a droppe of the oyle into the fire and it maketh no noise but burneth It is to be remembred that sometimes the seeds or fruits are for a certaine time to be macerated before they are set to the fire but it must bee boiled in a double vessell lest the oyle partake of the fire After this manner is made oleum costinum rutaceum de croco cydoniorum myrtillorum mastichinum de euphorbio vulpinum de scorpionibus and many others The second is by a certaine time of maceration some upon hot ashes others in horse dung that by that moderate heat the oile might draw forth the effects of the infused medicines into it selfe The third is by insolation that is when these or these flowers being infused in oile are exposed to the sunne that by the heat thereof the oile may change and draw into him selfe the faculty of the flowers which are infused of this kinde are oile of roses chamomile dill lillies of water lillies violets and others as you may see in Mesue The third kinde is properly that of the Chimists and is done by resolution made after divers manners and of this sort there are divers admirable qualities of divers oleaginous juices whether they be made by the sunne or fire or putrefaction as we shall speake in his place hereafter Wee use oiles when wee would have the vertue of the medicament to pierce deepe or the substance of the medicines mingled with the oile to bee soft and gentle Moreover when wee prepare oiles that should be of a cooling quality the common oile of the unripe Olive is to be used of that should the oile of roses be made Againe when we would prepare oiles of heating qualities such as are Oleum philosophorum or of Tiles sweet and ripe oile is to be chosen CHAP. XXV Of Liniments ALiniment is an externall medicine of a meane consistence between an oile and an ointment for it is thicker than an oile for besides oile it is compounded with butter axungia and such like which is the reason why a liniment is more efficacious in ripening and mitigating paine than simple oile The varieties of liniments is drawn from their effects some coole others heat some humect some ripen others by composition
The proper matter of Cerats is new Waxe Oyles being appropriated to the griefe of these or those parts so that Liniments Oyntments doe scarce differ from Cerats if they admit of Waxe for if oyntment of Roses should have Waxe added to it it were no longer an oyntment but a Cerat Cerats which are made with Rosins Gummes and Metals doe rather deserve the names of Emplasters than Cerats And therefore Ceratum ad Hernias we commonly call Emplastrum contra Rupturam If that paine or inflammation do grieve any part we make Cerats of plaster dissolved with Oyle lest that the more hard and heavie consistence of the Emplaster should be troublesome to the part and hinder perspiration and therefore laying aside the composition of Cerats let us speake of Emplasters An Emplaster is a composition which is made up of all kinde of medicines especially of fat and dry things agreeing in one grosse viscous solid and hard body sticking to the fingers The differences of Emplasters are taken from those things which the variety of oyntments are taken from Of those things which goe into the composition of an Emplaster some are only used for their quality and faculty as Wine Vinegar Juices Others to make the consistence as Litharge which according to Galen is the proper matter of Emplasters Waxe Oyle and Rosin Others be usefull for both as Gums Metals parts of beasts Rosin as Turpentine to digest to cleanse and dry Of Emplasters some are made by boyling some are brought into a forme without boyling those which bee made without fire doe sodainly dry nor are they viscous they are made with meale and powder with some juice or with some humid matter mingled with them But plasters of this kind may rather bee called hard oyntments or cataplasmes for plasters properly so called are boyled some of them longer some shorter according to the nature of those things which make to the composition of the Emplaster Therefore it will bee worth our labour to know what Emplasters doe aske more or which lesse boyling For roots woods leaves stalkes flowers seeds being dryed and brought into powder are to be added last when the plaster is boyled as it were and taken from the fire lest the vertue of these things be lost But if greene things are to be used in a composition they are to be boyled in some liquor and being pressed forth that which is strained to be mingled with the rest of the composition or if there be juice to be used it is to be bruised and pressed forth which is so to be boyled with the other things that nothing but the quality is to remaine with the mixture as wee use to doe in Empl. de Janua seu Betonica Gratia Dei The same is to bee done with Mucilages but that by their clamminesse they do more resist the fire But there doth much of oyle and honey remaine in plasters when they are made Those juices which are hardned by concretion as Aloes Hypocystis Acacia when they are used in the composition of a plaster and be yet new they must be macerated and dissolved in some proper liquor and then they are to bee boyled to the consumption of that liquor Gums as Opopanax Galbanum Sagapaenum Ammoniacum must be dissolved in Wine Vinegar or Aqua vitae then strained and boyled to the consumption of the liquor and then mixed with the rest of the plaster And that they may have the exact quantity of Gums and Pitch it is necessary that first they bee dissolved strained and boyled because of the stickes and sordid matter which are mingled with them You must have respect also to the liquor you use to dissolve them in for Vinegar of the best Wine doth more powerfully penetrate than that which is of weake and bad Wine Other Gums which are drier are to be powdred and are to bee mingled with plasters last of all Metals as Aes ustum Chalcitis Magnes Bolus Armenus Sulphur Auripigmentum and others which may bee brought to powder must bee mingled last unlesse advice be given by long boyling to dull the fierce qualities of them The like consideration is to be had of Rosin Pitch and Turpentine which must be put in after the Waxe and may not be boyled but very gently but the fats are mingled whilst the other things are boyling The Litharge is to be boyled with the oyle to a just consistence if wee would have the plaster dry without biting Cerusse may endure as long boyling but then the plaster shall not bee white neither will the Litharge of filver make a plaster with so good a colour as Litharge of gold Moreover this order must bee observed in boyling up of plasters the Litharge must bee boyled to his consistence juices or mucilages are to be boyled away then adde the fats then the dry Rosin Waxe Gums Turpentine and after them the powders You shall know the plaster is boyled enough by his consistence grosse hard glutinous and sticking to the fingers being cooled in the ayre water or upon a stone Also you shall know it by his exact mixtion if that all the things become one masse hard to be broken The quantity of things which are to be put into a plaster can hardly be described but an artificiall conjecture may be given by considering the medicaments which make the plaster stiffe and of a consistence and the just hardnesse and softnesse they make being boyled Waxe is not put into such plasters wherein is Labdanum for that is in stead of Waxe For if there shall be in the composition of a plaster some emplasticke medicaments the Waxe shall be the lesse Contrariwise if they shall bee almost all liquid things the Waxe shall be increased so much as shall be necessary for the consistence of the plaster The quantity of the Waxe also must bee altered according to the time or the aire therefore it is fit to leave this to the art and judgement of the Apothecarie Emplasters are sometimes made of ointments by the addition of waxe or dry rosine or some other hard or solide matter Some would that a handfull of medicaments poudred should be mingled with one ounce or an ounce and an halfe of oile or some such liquor but for this thing nothing can certainely bee determined Onely in plasters described by the Antients there must bee great care had wherein hee must bee very well versed who will not erre in the describing the dose of them and therefore wee will here give you the more common formes of plasters ℞ ol chamaem aneth de spica liliacci an ℥ ii ol de croco ℥ i pingued porci lb i. pingued vitul lb ss euphorb ʒv thuris ʒx ol lauri ℥ i ss ranas viv nu vi pingued viper vel ejus loco human ℥ ii ss lumbricor lotor in vino ℥ iii 〈◊〉 succi ebuli enul ana ℥ ii schoenanthi staechados matricar an m ii vini oderiferi lb ii
litharg auri lb i. terebinth clarae â„¥ ii styracis liquid â„¥ i s8 argenti vivi extincti so much as the present occasion shall require and the sicke shall be able to beare and make up the plaister To one pound of the plaster they doe commonly adde foure ounces of quick-silver yet for the most part they doe encrease the dose as they desire the plaster should be stronger the wormes must be washed with faire water and then with a little wine to cleanse them from their earthie filth of which they are full and so the frogs are to be washt and macerated in wine and so boiled together to the consumption of a third part then the squinanth must bee bruised the feverfew and the staechas cut small and they being added to be boiled to the consumption of one pint and being boiled sufficiently the decoction being cooled shall bee strained and kept and the Letharge is to be infused for twelve houres in the oile of chamomile dill lillies saffron and the axungies above spoken of Then boile them all with a gentle fire by and by taking it from the fire and adde one quart of the decoction above spoken of then set it to the fire againe that the decoction may bee consumed and then by degrees adde to the rest of the decoction the oile of spike shall bee reserved unto the last which may give the plaster a good smell Then are added the juices of walwort and enula which must bee boiled untill they bee wasted away Afterwards it being taken from the fire to the composition is added the frankincense and euphorbium and white wax as much as shall suffice When the whole masse shall coole then at last is mingled the quick-silver extinct turpentine oile of bitter almonds baies spike of line styrax and axungia being continually stirred and it shall bee made up upon a stone into rolls Unlesse the quick-silver be well extinguished it will runne all into one place and unlesse you tarrie untill the composition coole it will vapour away in fume â„ž croci Ê’ii bdellii mastich ammon styrac liquid an â„¥ ss cerae alb lb s8 tereb â„¥ vi medul cruris vaccae adipis anserini an â„¥ i. aesypi vel si desit axung gallin â„¥ ix olei nard quantum satis ad magdaleones formandos expressionis scillae â„¥ i s8 olibani sevi vitul â„¥ i. The oesypus sepum adeps medulla cera are to bee dissolved together when they coole adde the ammoniacum dissolved in the decoction of faenugreeke and chamomile halfe an ounce and so much juice of squils then put to the styrax and turpentine stirring them continually then adde the bdellium olibanum mastich aloes brought into fine powder and when they are perfectly incorporated into a masse let them bee made up with oleum nardinum into rolls rum terebinth lb s8 resin lb i. cer alb â„¥ iv mastich â„¥ i. fol. verben betonic pimpinel an m i. The herbes being greene the tops are to bee cut and bruised in a stone mortar and boiled in red wine to the consumption of one third part To the strained liquor adde waxe cut into small pieces and being dissolved by the fire the liquor being consumed put to the rosine when it shall coole adde the Mastick powdred working it with your hands by which it may bee incorporated with the rest of the things â„ž succi beton plantag apii an lb i. cerae picis resin tereb an lb s8 fiat empl the juices are to bee mingled with the waxe being dissolved and boiling them untill three parts be consumed adde the rosine and pitch which being dissolved and hot must be strained and then adde the Turpentine and make up the plaster rum croci picis com or rather picis navalis because this emplaster is used to discusse and draw forth the matter which causeth the paine of the joints coloph. cerae an â„¥ ii tereb galb ammon thuris myrrhae mastioh an Ê’v ss The cera pix and colophonia are by little and little to bee dissolved to which adde the gummes dissolved according to art and mingled with the terebinth and taking it from the fire adde the thus myrrha and at last the crocus in fine powder and then make it up into rowles with oyle of wormes rum ol com lb ii cerus subtilis lb i. boile them together with a gentle fire stirring them continually untill they come to the body of an emplaster if you would have the plaster whiter take but â„¥ ix of the oile â„ž lytharg triti acet fortis an lb ss ol antiq lb i. fiat emplastrum let the oile bee mingled with the litharge for the space of twelve houres then boile them untill they come to a good consistence putting in the vinegar by little and little but you shall not take it from the fire untill the vinegar be quite wasted away rum ol vet lb iii. axung vet sine sale lb ii lytharg trit lb iii. vitriol â„¥ iv let the oyle bee mingled with the lytharge for the space of twelve houres and boile them to a good consistence then adde to the axungia stirring them continually with a spatter made of the palme tree reed or willow and being sufficiently boiled take it from the fire and adde the vitrioll in fine powder â„ž picis naval aloes an â„¥ iii. lytharg cerae coloph. galban ammoniac an â„¥ ii visci querni â„¥ vi gypsi ust utriusque aristoloch ana â„¥ iv myrrhae thuris an â„¥ vi tereb â„¥ ii pulveris vermium terrestrium gallar utriusq consolid bol arm an â„¥ iv sang humani lb i. fiat emplast If you would have it of a very good consistence you may add of the oile of myrtills or mastich lb ss you shall make it thus Take the skinne of a Ramme cut in pieces and boyle it in an hundred pints of water and vinegar untill it come to a glew or stiffe gelly in which you shall dissolve the visco quer then adde the pitch and waxe broken into small pieces and if you will you may adde the oile with them afterwards the galban and ammoniac dissolved in vinegar being mingled with the terebinth may be added Then adde the litharge gypsum bol aristoloch consolida vermes sang human At last the myrrhe thus colophon and aloe stirring them continually and that they may bee the better mingled worke the plaster with a hot pestell in a mortar rum mucag. sem lini rad alth foenug median corticis ulmi an â„¥ iv olei liliacei cham aneth an â„¥ i ss ammon opopanac sagap ana â„¥ ss croci Ê’ii cerae nov lb ss tereb â„¥ ss fiat empl Fernelius hath â„¥ xx of wax the wax being cut small must be mingled with the oiles and the mucilages stirring them continually with a wooden spatter till the liquor be consumed Then the gummes dissolved and mingled with the terebinthina must be
added and last of all the saffron finely poudered rum ol ros myrtil ung populeon ana â„¥ iv pinguedinis gallin â„¥ ii sebi arietis castrati sepi vaccini an â„¥ vi pingued porci â„¥ x. lytharg auri argenti an â„¥ iii. cerus â„¥ iv minii â„¥ iii. tereb â„¥ iv cerae q. s fiat emplastrum vel ceratum molle The lithargiros cerusa and minium are to be brought into fine powder severally being sprinkled with a little rose water lest the finest of it should flye away these being mingled with the oile of roses and myrtles with a gentle fire may bee boiled untill they come to the consistence of hony then adde the axungia's and boile them till the whole grow black after adde the sebum and that being dissolved take it from the fire and then adde the unguentum populeon and some waxe if there be need and so bring it to the forme of a plaster â„ž litharg puri pul â„¥ xii ol irin chamaem aneth an â„¥ viii mucag. sem lini foenug rad alth ficuum ping uvar. passar succi ireos scillae oesipi icthyocollae an Ê’xii ss tereb â„¥ iii. res pini cerae flavae an â„¥ ii fiat emplastrum The litharge is to be mingled with the oyle before it be set to the fire then by a gentle fire it is to be boiled to a just consistence after the mucilage by degrees must bee put in which being consumed the juices must bee added and the icthyocolla and they being wasted too then put to the waxe and rosine then taking the whole from the fire and the oesipus and terebinthina We use plasters when wee would have the remedy sticke longer and firmer to the part and would not have the strength of the medicament to flye away or exhale too suddenly CHAP. XXVIII Of Cataplasmes and Pultisses CAtaplasmes are not much unlike to emplasters lesse properly so called for they may be spred upon linnen cloaths and stoupes like them and so applied to the grieved parts They are composed of roots leaves fruits flowers seeds herbes juices oiles fats marrowes meales rosines Of these some must bee boiled others crude The boiled are made of herbes boiled tender and so drawne through an haire searse adding oiles and axungia's thereto The crude are made of herbes beaten or their juices mixed with oile and flower or other powders appropriate to the part or disease as the Physitian shall thinke fit The quantity of medicines entring these compositions can scarce be defined for that they must be varied as we would have the composition of a softer or harder body Verily they ought to be more grosse and dense when as we desire to ripen anything but more soft and liquid when wee endeavour to discusse We use cataplasmes to asswage paine digest discusse and resolve unnaturall tumors and flatulencies They ought to be moderately hot and of subtle parts so to attract and draw forth yet their use is suspected the body being not yet purged for thus they draw downe more matter into the affected part Neither must wee use these when as the matter that is to be discussed is more grosse and earthy for thus the subtler parts will be oaely discussed and the grosse remaine impact in the part unlesse your cataplasme be made of an equall mixture of things not only discussing but also emollient as it is largely handled by Galen This shall be largely illustrated by examples As â„ž medul panis lb ss decoquantur in lacte pingui adde olei chamam â„¥ ss axung galin â„¥ i. fiat cataplasma Or â„ž rad alth â„¥ iii. fol. malv. senecionis an m i. sem lini faenug an Ê’ ii ficus ping nu vi decoquantar in aqua per setaceum transmittantur addendo olet lilior â„¥ i. far hord â„¥ ii axung porcin â„¥ i ss fi at cataplasma Or â„ž far fab orob an â„¥ ii pulv chamam melil an Ê’ iii. ol irin amygd amar an â„¥ i. succi rut â„¥ ss fiat cataplasma Pultisses differ not from cataplasmes but that they usually consist of meales boiled in oile water hony or axungia Pultisses for the ripening of tumours are made of the floure of barly wheat and milke especially in the affects of the entralles or else to dry and binde of the meale of rice lentiles or Orobus with vinegar or to cleanse and they are made of hony the floure of beanes and lupines adding thereto some old oile or any other oile of hot quality and so make a discussing pultis Also anodine pultisses may bee made with milke as thus for example â„ž farin triticeae â„¥ ii mica panis purissimi â„¥ iii. decoquantur in lacte fiat pulticula â„ž farin hordei fab an â„¥ ii far orob â„¥ iii. decoquantur in hydromelete addendo mell is quart i. olei amyg amar â„¥ ii fiat pulticula Wee use pultisses for the same purpose as wee doe cataplasmes to the affects both of the internall and externall parts Wee sometimes use them for the killing of wormes and such are made of the meale of lupines boiled in vinegar with an Oxes gall or in a decoction of Worme-wood and other such like bitter things CHAP. XXIX Of Fomentations A Fotus or fomentation is an evaporation or hot lotion chiefly used to mollifie relaxe and asswage paine consisting of medicines having these faculties A fomentation commonly useth to be moist being usually made of the same things as embrocations to wit of roots seeds flowers boiled in water or wine The roots here used are commonly of mallowes marsh-mallowes and lillies The seedes are of mallowes marsh-mallowes parsly smallage line fenugreeke Flowers are of chamomile melilote figges raisons and the like all which are to bee boiled in wine water or lye to the consumption of the third part or the halfe as â„ž Rad. alth lilil an â„¥ ii sem lini foenug cumin an Ê’iii flo cham melil aneth an p. i. summit orig m. ss bulliant in aequis partibus aquae vini aut in duabus partibus aqua una vini aut in Lixivio cineris sarmentorum ad tertiae partis consumptionem fiat fotus In imitation hereof you may easily describe other fomentations as occasion and necessity shall require We use fomentations before we apply cataplasmes oyntments or plasters to the part that so we may open the breathing places or pores of the skin relaxe the parts attenuate the humour that thus the way may be the more open to the following medicines The body being first purged fomentations may be used to what parts you please They may be applyed with a female spunge for it is gentler and softer than the male with felt woollen clothes or the like dipped in the warme decoction wrung out and often renued otherwise you may fill a Swines bladder halfe full especially in paines of the sides of the decoction or else a stone bottle so to keep hot
the longer yet so that the bottle bee wrapped in cotton wooll or the like soft thing that so it may not be the hardnesse and roughnesse offend the part according to Hippocrates CHAP. XXX Of Embrocations AN Embroche or Embrocation is a watering when as from on high wee as it were showre downe some moisture upon any part This kinde of remedy is chiefly used in the parts of the head and it is used to the coronall suture for that the skull is more thin in that part so that by the spiracula or breathing places of this suture more open than those of the other sutures the force of the medicine may more easily penetrate unto the Meninges or membranes of the braine The matter of Embrocations is roots leaves flowers seeds fruits and other things according to the intention and will of the Physitian They are boyled in water and wine to the halfe or third part Embrocations may also be made of Lye or Brine against the cold and humide affects of the braine Sometimes of oyle and vinegar otherwhiles of oyle onely ℞ fol. plantag solan an m. i. sem portul cucurb an ʒii myrtil ʒi flor nymph ros an p. ss fiat decot ad lb i. cum aceti ℥ ii si altè subeundum sit ex qua irrigetur pars inflammata In affects of the braine when we would repercusse we often and with good successe use oyle of Roses with a fourth part of vinegar We use Embrocations that together with the ayre drawne into the body by the Diastole of the arteries the subtler part of the humour may penetrate and so coole the inflamed part for the chiefe use of embrocations is in hot affects Also wee use embrocations when as for feare of an haemorrhagie or the flying asunder of a broken or dislocated member we dare not loose the bandages wherewith the member is bound For then wee drop downe some decoction or oyle from high upon the bandages that by these the force of the medicine may enter into the affected member CHAP. XXXI Of Epithemes EPithema or an Epitheme is a composition used in the diseases of the parts of the lower and middle belly like to a fomentation and not much unlike an embrocation They are made of waters juices and powders by means whereof they are used to the heart chest liver and other parts Wine is added to them for the more or lesse penetration as the condition of the hot or cold affect shall seeme to require for if you desire to heate more wine must bee added as in swouning by the clotting of bloud by the corruption of seed by drinking some cold poyson the contrary is to be done in a fainting by dissipation of the spirits by feaverish heates also vinegar may bee added The matter of medicines proper to the entrailes is formerly described yet we commonly use the species of electuaries as the species elect triasantali the liver being affected and Diamargariton in affects of the heart The proportion of the juices or liquors to the powders uses to be this to every pinte of them ℥ i. or ℥ i ss of these of wine or else of vinegar ℥ i. You may gather this by the following example ℞ aqu ros bugl borag an ℥ iii. succi scabios ℥ ii pul elect diamarg. frigid ʒii cort citri sicciʒi coral ras ebor an ʒss sem citri card ben an ʒiiss croci moschi an gra 5. addendo vini albi ℥ ii fiat Epithema pro corde Epithemes are profitably applyed in hecticke and burning feavers to the liver heart and chest if so be that they be rather applyed to the region of the lungs than of the heart for the heate of the lungs being by this meanes tempered the drawn in ayre becomes lesse hot in pestilent and drying feavers They are prepared of humecting refrigerating and cordiall things so to temper the heate and recreate the vitall faculty Sometimes also we use Epithemes to strengthen the heart and drive there-hence venenate exhalations lifted or raised up from any part which is gangrenate or sphacelate Some cotton or the like steeped or moistened with such liquor and powders warmed is now and then to be applyed to the affected entraile this kinde of remedy as also all other topick and particular medicines ought not to be used unlesse you have first premised generall things CHAP. XXXII Of potentiall Cauteries THat kinde of Pyroticke which is termed a Potentiall Cautery burnes and causeth an eschar The use of these kindes of Cauteries is to make evacuation derivation revulsion or attraction of the humours by those parts whereto they are applyed Wherefore they are often and with good successe used in the punctures and bites of venemous beasts in a venenous as also in a pestilent Bubo and Carbuncle unlesse the inflammation be great for the fire doth not only open the part but also retunds the force of the poyson cals forth and plentifully evacuates the conjunct matter Also they are good in phlegmaticke and contumacious tumours for by their heate they take away the force and endeavours of our weake heate Also they are profitably applyed to stanch bleeding to eate or waste the superfluous flesh of ulcers and wens to bring downe the callous lips of ulcers and other things too long here to insist upon The materials of these Cauteries are Oake ashes Pot ashes the ashes of Tartar of Tithymals or spurges the Figge-tree the stalkes of Coleworts and Beanes cuttings of Vines as also sal ammoniacum alkali axungia vitri sal nitrum Romane Vitrioll and the like for of these things there is made a salt which by its heate is causticke and escharoticke like to an hot iron and burning coale Therefore it violently looses the continuity by eating into the skinne together with the flesh there-under I have thought good here to give you divers formes of them Take of unquencht Lime extinguished in a bowle of Barbers Lye three pounds When the Lye is settled let it be strained and into the straining put of Axungia vitri or Sandiver calcined Argol of each two pounds of Sal nitrum ammoniacum of each foure ounces these things must be beaten into a grosse powder then must they be boyled over the fire and after the boyling let them remaine in the Lye for foure and twenty houres space being often stirred about and then strained through a thicke and double linnen cloth lest any of the earthy drosse get thorow together with the liquor This strained liquor which is as cleare as water they call Capitellum and they put it in a brasen Bason such as Barbers use and so set it upon the fire and as soone as it boyles they keep it with continuall stirring lest the salt should adhere to the Bason the Capitellum being halfe boyled away they put in two ounces of powdred vitrioll so to hasten the falling of the eschar and so they keep the bason
respiration ℞ succi betae ʒi aq salv beton an ʒiiss pul castor ℈ ss piper pyreth an ℈ i. fiat caputpurgium Dry errhines that are termed sternutatories for that they cause sneesing are made of powders onely to which purpose the last mentioned things are used as also aromaticke things in a small quantity as to ʒii at the most as ℞ major nigel caryoph zinzib an ℈ i. acor pyreth panis porcin an ℈ ss euphorb ℈ i. terantur diligenter in nares mittantur aut insufflentur Errhines of the consistence of emplasters by the Latines vulgarly called Nasalia are made of the described powders or gums dissolved in the juice of some of the forementioned herbs incorporated with turpentine and waxe that so they may the better be made into a pyramidall forme to bee put into the nostrills As ℞ majoran salv nigel ℈ ii pip alb caryoph galang an ℈ i. pyreth euphorb an ℈ ss panis porcin ellebor alb an ℈ i. terantur in pulverem redigantur And then with turpentine and waxe as much as shall be sufficient make them up into Nasalia of a pyramidall or taper fashion Wee use errhines in inveterate diseases of the braine as the epilepsie feare of blindnsse an apoplexie lethargie convulsion the lost sense of smelling yet we first use generall remedies and evacuations lest by sneesing and the like concussion of the brain for the exclusion of that which is offensive thereto there should be made a greater attraction of impurity from the subjacent parts Liquid things must be drawn up into the nostrils warme out of the palme of the hand to the quantity of ℥ ss the mouth being in the interim filled with water lest the attracted liquor should fall upon the pallat and so upon the lungs dry errhines are to be blown into the nose with a pipe or quill solid ones must be fastned to a thred that they may be drawn forth as need requires when as they are put up into the nostrils The morning the belly being empty is the fittest time for the use of errhines If by their use the nose shall be troubled with an itching the paine thereof must bee mitigated with womans milke or oyle of violets The use of attractive errhines is hurtfull to such as are troubled with diseases of the eyes or ulcers in the nose as it oft times falls out in the Lues venerea wherefore in this case it will bee best to use Apophlegmatismes which may divert the matter from the nose CHAP. XXXVI Of Apophlegmatismes or Masticatories APophlegmatismoi in Greeke and Masticatoria in Latine are medicines which kept or held in the mouth and somewhat chawed doe draw by the mouth forth of the braine excrementitious humours especially phlegme now they are chiefly made foure manner of waies the first is when as the medicines are received in hony or waxe and formed into pills and so given to chaw upon The second is when as the same things are bound up in a fine linnen cloath so to be held in the mouth The third is when as a decoction of acride medicines is kept in the mouth for a pretty space The fourth is when as some acride medicine or otherwise drawing flegme as pellitory of Spaine mastich and the like is taken of it selfe to the quantity of a hasell nut and so chawed in the mouth for some space The matter of masticatories is of the kinde of acrid medicines as of pepper mustard hyssope ginger pellitory of Spaine and the like amongst which you must make choice chiefly of such as are not trouble some by any ingrate taste that so they may be the longer kept in the mouth with the lesse offence loathing Yet masticatories are sometimes made of harsh or acerbe medicines as of berberies the stones of prunes or cherries which held for some space in the mouth draw no lesse store of flegme than acrid things for the very motion and rowling them up and down the mouth attracts because it heats compresses expresses the quantity of the medicine ought to bee from ℥ ss to ℥ iss as ℞ pyreth staphisag an ʒiss mastich ʒss pulverentur involventur nodulis in masticatoria Or ℞ zinzib sinap an ʒi euphorb ℈ ii piper ʒss excipiantur melle fiant pastilli pro masticatoriis ℞ byssop thym origan salv an pi bolie them in water to wash the mouth withall Or ℞ zinzib caryoph an ʒi pyreth pip an ʒss staphisagr ʒii mastiches ℥ ss excipiantur fiant pastilli pro masticatoriis We use masticatories in old diseases of the braine dimnesse of the sight deafnesse pustles of the head and face and sometimes to divert the excrements which runne to the nose being ulcerated Masticatories are very hurtfull to such as have their mouths or throats ulcerated as also to them whose lungs are subject to inflammations destillations and ulcers for then errhines are more profitable to derive the matter of the disease by the nostrils For though the humour drawn from the braine into the mouth by the meanes of the masticatory may bee thence cast forth by coughing and spitting yet in the interim nature will bee so inured to that passage for the humour so that it will run that way when as wee sleepe and fall downe upon the parts thereunder weake either by nature or by accident The time fittest for the use of Apophlegmatismes is the morning the body being first purged if any ingratefull taste remain in the mouth or adhere to the tongue by using of masticatories you shall take it away by washing the mouth with warm water or a decoction of liquorice and barly CHAP. XXXVII Of Gargarismes A Gargle or gargarisme is a liquid composition fit for to wash the mouth and all the parts thereof to hinder defluxion and inflammation to heale the ulcers which are in those parts to asswage paine Their composition is twofold the first is of a decoction of roots leaves flowers fruits and seeds fit for the disease now the decoction is to be made either in faire water alone or with the admixture of white or red wine or in the decoction of liquorice and barly or of pectorall things as the intention of the Physitian is to repell coole or hinder inflammation as in the tooth-ache caused by matter which is yet in motion to discusse as in the tooth-ache already at the height or to cleanse as in the ulcers of the mouth or to dry and binde as when it is fit to heale the ulcers already cleansed The other way of making of gargarismes is without decoction which is when as wee make them either of distilled waters onely or by mixing them with syrupes mucilages milke the whey of Goats milke carefully strained There are mixed sometimes with a decoction distilled waters and mucilages melrosatum oxymel simplex diamoron dianucum hier a picra oxysacchara syrup de rosis siccis
and in a bastard pleurisie proceeding from flatulencies The powders must bee strawed upon carded bombast that they runne not together and then they must bee sewed up or quilted in a bagge of linnen or taffaty Wee often times moisten these bagges in wine or distilled water and sometimes not with the substance thereof but by the vapour only of such liquors put into a hot dish thus oft times the bagges are heated by the vapour onely and oft times at the fire in a dish by often turning them These if intended for the heart ought to bee of crimson or skarlet silke because the skarlet berry called by the Arabians Kermes is said to refresh and recreate the heart Certainly they must alwaies be made of some fine thing whether it be linnen or silke CHAP. XL. Of Fumigations A Suffitus or fumigation is an evaporation of medicines having some viscous and fatty moisture of fumigations some are dry othersome moist the dry have the form of trochisces or pills their matter ought to be fatty and viscous so that it may send forth a smoake by being burnt such are ladanum myrrhe masticke pitch waxe rosine turpentine castoreum styrax frankincense olibanum and other gummes which may bee mixed with convenient powders for they yeeld them a body and firme consistence the fumigations that are made of powders only yeeld neither so strong nor long a fume The quantity of the powders must bee from â„¥ ss to â„¥ i ss but the gummes to â„¥ ii as â„ž sandarachae mastiches rosar an Ê’ i. benioini galang an Ê’ iii. terebinthina excipiantur fiant trochisci quibus incensis suffumigentur tegumenta capitis rum marcasitae â„¥ ii bdellii myrrhae styracis an â„¥ i ss cerae flavae terebinth quod sufficit fiant formulae pro suffumigio rum cinnabaris â„¥ ii styracis benzolni an â„¥ ii cumterebinth fiant trochisci pro suffumigio per embotum Wee use fumigations in great obstructions of the braine ulcers of the lungs the asthma an old cough paines of the sides wombe and the diseases of some other parts sometimes the whole body is fumigated as in the cure of the Lues venerea to procure sweat sometimes onely some one part whereto some reliques of the Lues adheres such fumigations are made of cinnabaris wherein there is much hydrargyrum The fume must be received by a funnell that so it may not bee dispersed but may all be carried unto the part affected as is usually done in the affects of the womb and eares In fumigations for the braine and chest the vapour would be received with open mouth which thence may passe by the weazon into the chest by the palate and nostrils into the braine but in the interim let the head bee vailed that none of the vapour may flye away Moist fumigations are made somewhiles of the decoction of herbes otherwhiles of some one simple medicine boiled in oile sometimes a hot fire-stone is quencht in vinegar wine aqua vitae or the like liquor so to raise a humide vapour We oft times use this kinde of fumigation in overcomming scirrhous affects when as we would cut discusse penetrate deep and dry take this as an example thereof â„ž laterem unum satis crassum aut marchasitam ponderis lb i. heat it red hot and then let it bee quencht in sharpe vinegar powring thereon in the meane while a little aqua vitae make a fumigation for the grieved part Fumes of the decoction of herbes doe very little differ from fomentations properly so called for they differ not in the manner of their composure but onely in the application to the affected parts therefore let this be an example of a humide fumigation â„ž absinth salv rut origan an pi rad bryon asar an â„¥ ss sem sinap cumin an Ê’ ii decoquantur in duabus partibus aquae una vini pro suffitu auris cum emboto and oft times such fumigations are made for the whole body whereof we shall treat hereafter CHAP. XLI Of a particular or halfe-Bath ASemicupium or halfe-bath is a bath for the one halfe of the body that is for the parts from the belly downewards it is called also an insessiv because the patient sitteth to bathe in the decoction of herbes in which forme and respect a semicupium differs from a fomentation for it is composed of the same matter to wit a decoction of herbes roots seedes fruits but in this the quantity of the decoction is the greater as wee shall teach by the following example â„ž malv. bismalv cum toto an mi ss beton saxifrag pariet an m i. sem melon milii solis alkekengi an Ê’iii citer rub p ii rad apii graminis foeniculi eryngii an Ê’i decoquantur insufficienti quantitate aquae pro insessu Wee use these halfe-baths in affects of the kidneyes bladder wombe fundament and lower belly or otherwise when as the patient by reason of weaknesse and feare of dissipating the spirits cannot suffer or away with a whole bath The manner of using it is thus fill some bagges with the boiled herbes or other parts of plants and cause the patient to sit upon them yet in the interim keepe the vapours from the head lest they should offend it by casting over it a linnen cloath or else let him not enter thereinto untill the vapour be exhaled CHAP. XLII Of Bathes BAthes are nothing else than as it were a fomentation of the whole body both for preserving health and the cure of diseases this is a very commodious form of medicine and among other externall medicines much celebrated by the Greeke Arabian and Latine Physitians For a bath besides that it digests the acrid humors and sooty excrements lying under the skin mitigates paines and wearinesse and corrects all excesse of distemper moreover in the cure of feavers and many other contumacious and inveterate diseases it is the chiefe and last remedy and as it were the refuge of health stored with pleasing delight Bathes are of two sorts some naturall others artificiall naturall are those which of their owne accord without the operation or help of art prevaile or excell in any medicinall quality For the water which of it selfe is devoide of all quality that is perceivable by the taste if it chance to be strained through the veines of metals it furnishes and impregnates it selfe with their qualities and effects hence it is that all such water excells in a drying faculty sometimes with cooling and astriction and otherwhiles with heate and a discussing quality The bathes whose waters being hot or warm doe boile up take their heat from the cavities of the earth and mines filled with fire which thing is of much admiration whence this fire should arise in subterrene places what may kindle it what feed or nourish it for so many yeeres and keep it from being extinct Some Philosophers would have it
kindled by the beames of the sunne others by the force of lightnings penetrating the bowels of the earth others by the violence of the aire vehemently or violently agitated no otherwise than fire is strucke by the collision of a flint and steele Yet it is better to referre the cause of so great an effect unto God the maker of the Universe whose providence piercing every way into all parts of the World enters and governes the secret parts and passages thereof Notwithstanding they seeme to have come neerest the truth who referre the cause of heat in waters unto the store of brimstone conteined in certaine places of the earth because amongst all minerals it hath most fire and matter fittest for the nourishing thereof Therefore to it they attribute the flames of fire which the Sicilian mountaine Aetna continually sends forth Hence also it is that the most part of such waters smell of Sulphur yet others smell of Alom others of nitre others of Tarre and some of Coprosse Now you may know from the admixture of what metalline bodies the waters acquire their faculties by their taste sent colour mud which adheres to the channels through which the water runnes as also by an artificiall separation of the more terrestriall parts from the more subtle For the earthy drosse which subsides or remaines by the boiling of such waters will retaine the faculties and substance of Brimstone Alume and the like minerals besides also by the effects and the cure of these or these diseases you may also gather of what nature they are Wherefore wee will describe each of these kinds of waters by their effects beginning first with the sulphureous Sulphureous waters powerfully heat dry resolve open and draw from the center unto the surface of the body they cleanse the skin troubled with scabs tettars they cease the itching of ulcers and digest exhaust the causes of the gout they help paines of the collicke and hardened spleenes But they are not good to be drunk not onely by reason of their ungratefull smell and taste but also by reason of the malitiousnesse of their substance offensive to the inner parts of the body but chiefly to the liver Aluminous waters taste very astrictively therefore they dry powerfully they have no such manifest heat yet drunke they loose the belly I believe by reason of their heat and nitrous quality they cleanse and stay defluxions and the courses flowing too immoderately they also are good against the tooth-ache eating ulcers and the hidden abscesses of the other parts of the mouth Salt and nitrous waters shew themselves sufficiently by their heat they heat dry bind cleanse discusse attenuate resist putrefaction take away the blackenesse comming of bruises heale scabby and maligne ulcers and helpe all oedematous tumors Bituminous waters heate digest and by long continuance soften the hardened sinewes they are different according to the various conditions of the bitumen that they wash and partake of the qualities thereof Brasen waters that is such as retaine the qualities of brasse heat dry cleanse digest cut binde are good against eating ulcers fistula's the hardnesse of the eye-lids and they waste and eat away the fleshy excrescences of the nose and fundament Iron waters coole dry and bind powerfully therefore they helpe abscesses hardened milts the weaknesses of the stomacke and ventricle the unvoluntary shedding of the urine and the too much flowing termes as also the hot distemper of the liver and kidneyes Some such are in the Lucan territory in Italy Leaden waters refrigerate dry and performe such other operations as lead doth the like may bee said of those waters that flow by chalke plaster and other such mineralls as which all of them take and performe the qualities of the bodies by which they passe Hot waters or bathes helpe cold and moist diseases as the Palsic convulsion the stiffenesse and attraction of the nerves trembling palpitations cold distillations upon the joints the inflation of the members by a dropsie the jaundise by obstruction of a grosse tough and cold humour the paines of the sides collick and kidneies barrennesse in women the suppression of their courses the suffocation of the womb causelesse wearinesse those diseases that spoile the skinne as tettars the leprosie of both sorts the scabbe and other diseases arising from a grosse cold and obstructing humour for they provoke sweats Yet such must shunne them as are of a cholericke nature and have a hot liver for they would cause a cachexia and dropsie by overheating the liver Cold waters or baths heale the hot distemper of the whole body each of the parts therof and they are more frequently taken inwardly than applied outwardly they help the laxnesse of the bowels as the resolution of the retentive faculty of the stomacke entralls kidneies bladder and they also adde strength to them Wherefore they both temper the heat of the liver and also strengthen it they stay the Diarrhaea Dysentery Courses unvoluntary shedding of urine the Gonnorrhaea Sweats and Bleedings In this kinde are chiefly commendable the waters of the Spaw in the country of Liege which inwardly and outwardly have almost the same faculty and bring much benefit without any inconvenience as those that are commonly used in the drinks and broaths of the inhabitants In imitation of naturall baths there may in want of them be made artificiall ones by the infusing and mixing the powders of the formerly described mineralls as Brimstone Alume Nitre Bitumen also you may many times quench in common or raine water iron brasse silver and gold heated red hot and so give them to be drunk by the patient for such waters doe oft times retain the qualities and faculties of the metals quenched in them as you may perceive by the happy successe of such as have used them against the Dysentery Besides these there are also other bathes made by art of simple water sometimes without the admixture of any other thing but otherwhiles with medicinall things mixed therewith and boiled therein But after what manner soever these bee made they ought to be warme for warm water humects relaxes mollifies the solid parts if at any time they bee too dry hard and tense by the ascititious heat it opens the pores of the skinne digests attracts and discusses fuliginous and acrid excrements remaining betweene the flesh and the skin It is good against sun-burning and wearinesse whereby the similar parts are dried more than is fit To conclude whether we be too hot or cold or too dry or be nauseous we find manifest profit by baths made of sweet or warme water as those that may supply the defect of frictions and exercises for they bring the body to a mediocrity of temper they encrease and strengthen the native colour and by procuring sweat discusse flatulencies therefore they are very usefull in hecticke feavers and in the declension of all feavers and against raving and
talking idely for they procure sleep But because water alone cannot long adhere to the body let oile bee mixed or put in them which may hold in the water and keep it longer to the skinne These bathes are good against the inflammations of the lungs and sides for they mitigate pain and help forward that which is suppurated to exclusion when as generall remedies according to art have preceded for otherwise they will cause a greater defluxion on the afflicted parts for a bath in Galens opinion is profitably used to diseases when as the morbifick matter is concocted To this purpose is chosen rain water then river water so that it be not muddy and then fountaine water the water of standing lakes and fennes is not approved of for it is fit that the water which is made choice of for a bath of sweet water should bee light and of subtle parts for baths of waters which are more than moderately hot or cold yeeld no such commodity but verily they hurt in this that they shut up or close the pores of the body and keepe in the fuliginous excrements under the skinne other bathes of sweet or fresh water consist of the same matter as fomentations doe whence it is that some of them relaxe others mitigate paine others cleanse and othersome procure the courses that is compounded of a decoction of ingredients or plants having such operations To these there is sometimes added wine other whiles oile sometimes fresh butter or milke as when the urine is stopped when nephriticke paines are violent when the nerves are contracted when the habite of the body wastes and wrinkles with a hecticke drynesse for this corrugation is amended by relaxing things but it is watred and as it were fatted by humecting things which may penetrate trans-fuse the oily or fatty humidity into the body thus rarified and opened by the warmnesse of a bath Anodine bathes are made of a decoction of medicines of a middle nature such as are temperate and relaxing things with which wee may also sometimes mixe resolving things they are boiled in water and wine especially in paines of the collicke proceeding from vitreous phlegme or grosse and thicke flatulencies conteined or shut up in the belly kidneyes or wombe In such bathes it is not fit to sweat but onely to sit in them so long untill the bitternesse of the paine be asswaged or mitigated lest the powers weakened by paine should bee more resolved by the breaking forth of sweat emollients are sometimes mixed with gentle detergents when as the skin is rough and cold or when the scailes or crust of scabs is more hard than usuall then in conclusion we must come to strong detersives and driers lastly to drying and somewhat astrictive medicines so to strengthen the skinne that it may not yeeld it selfe so easie and open to receive defluxions By giving you one example the whole manner of prescribing a bath may apppeare â„ž rad lilior albor bismalv an lb ii malv. pariet violar an m ss sem lini foenug bismalv an lb i. flor cham mclil aneth an p vi fiat decoctio in sufficienti aquae quantitate cui permiscito olei liliorum lini ana lb ii fiat balneum in quo diutius natet aeger Bathes though noble remedies approved by use and reason yet unlesse they bee fitly and discreetly used in time plenty and quality they doe much harme for they cause shakings and chilnesse paines density of the skinne or too much rarefaction thereof and oft times a resolution of all the faculties Wherefore a man must bee mindfull of these cautions before he enter a bath first that there be no weaknesse of any noble and principall bowell for the weak parts easily receive the humors which the bath hath diffused and rarified the waies lying open which tend from the whole body to the principall parts Neither must there be any plenty of crude humours in the first region for so they should be attracted and diffused over all the body therefore it is not onely sit that generall purgations should precede but also particular by the belly and urine besides the patient should bee strong that can fasting endure a bath as long as it is needfull Lastly the bath ought to be in a warme and silent place lest any cold aire by its blowing or the water by its cold appulse cause a shivering or shaking of the body whence a feaver may ensue The morning is a fit time for bathing the stomacke being fasting and empty or sixe hours after meat if it be requisite that the patient should bath twice a day other-wise the meat yet crude would bee snatched by the heate of the bath out of the stomacke into the veines and habite of the body Many of all the seasons of the yeere make choice of the spring and end of summer and in these times they chuse a cleare day neither troubled with stormy windes nor too sharpe an aire As long as the patient is in the bath it is fit that he take no meate unlesse peradventure to comfort him hee take a little bread moistened in wine or the juice of an orange or some damaske prunes to quench his thirst his strength will shew how long it is fit that he should stay in for he must not stay there to the resolution of his powers for in baths the humide and spirituous substance is much dissipated Comming forth of the bath they must presently get them to bed and be well covered that by sweating the excrements drawne unto the skinne by the heat of the bath may breake out the sweat cleansed let him use gentle frictions or walking then let him feede upon meat of good juice and easie digestion by reason that the stomacke cannot but be weakened in some sort by the bath That quantity of meat is judged moderate the weight whereof shall not oppresse the stomacke venery after bathing must not bee used because to the resolution of the spirits by the bath it addes another new cause of further spending or dissipating them Some wish those that use the bath by reason of some contraction paine or other affects of the nerves presently after bathing to dawbe or besmeare the affected nervous parts with the clay or mudde of the bathe that by making it up as it were in this paste the vertue of the bath may worke more effectually and may more throughly enter into the affected part These cautions being diligently observed there is no doubt but the profit by bathes will be great wonderfull the same things are to be observed in the use of Stoves or Hot-houses for the use and effect of baths and hot-houses is almost the same which the antients therefore used by turne so that comming forth of the bath they entred a stove and called it also by the name of a bath as you may gather from sundry places of Galen in his Methodus med wherefore I thinke it fit in the
mixed together in equall proportion with a like quantity of the liquor contained in the bladders of elme leaves is very good for the same purpose Also this â„ž mica panis albi lb iv flor fabar rosar alb flor naenuph lilior ireos an lb ii lactis vaccini lb vi ova nu viii aceti opt lb i. distillentur omnia simul in alembico vitreo fiat aqua ad faciei manuum lotionem Or â„ž olci de tartaro â„¥ iii. mucag. sem psilii â„¥ i. cerus in oleo ros dissolut â„¥ i ss borac sal gem an Ê’ i. fiat lintmentum pro facie Or. â„ž caponem vivum caseum ex lacte caprino recenter confectum limon nu iv ovor nu vi cerus lot in aq rosar â„¥ ii boracis â„¥ i ss camph. Ê’ ii aq flor fabar lb iv fiat omnium infusio per xxiv horas postea distillentur in alembico vitreo There is a most excellent fucus made of the marrow of sheepes bones which smooths the roughnesse of the skinne beautifies the face now it must be thus extracted Take the bones severed from the flesh by boyling beat them and so boyle them in water when they are well boyled take them from the fire and when the water is cold gather the fat that swimmes upon it and therewith anoint your face when as you goe to bed and wash it in the morning with the formerly prescribed water â„ž salis ceruss Ê’ ii ung citrin vel spermat ceti â„¥ i. malaxentur simul fiat linimentum addendo olci ovor Ê’ ii The Sal cerussae is thus made grinde Cerusse into very fine powder and infuse lb i. thereof in a pottle of distilled vinegar for foure or five dayes then filter it then set that you have filtred in a glased earthen vessell over a gentle fire untill it concrete into salt just as you doe the capitellum in making of Cauteries â„ž excrementi lacert ossis saepiae tartari vini albi rasur corn cerv farin oriz. an partes aequales fiat pulvis infundatur in aqua distillata amygdalarum dulcium limacum vinealium flor nenuph. huic addito mellis albi par pondus let them be all incorporated in a marble mortar and kept in a glasse or silver vessell and at night anoint the face herewith it wonderfully prevailes against the rednesse of the face if after the aâ—ointing it you shall cover the face with a linnen cloath moistened in the formerly described water â„ž sublim Ê’ i. argent viv saliv extinct Ê’ ii margarit non perforat Ê’ i. caph Ê’ i ss incorporentur simul in mortario marmoreo cum pistillo ligneo per tres horas ducantur fricentur reducanturque in tenuissimum pulverem confectus pulvis abluatur aqua myrti desiccetur serveturque ad usum adde foliorum auri argenti nu x. When as you would use this powder put into the palme of your hand a little oile of mastick or of sweet almonds then presently in that oyle dissolve a little of the described powder and so work it into an ointment wherewith let the face be anointed at bed-time but it is fit first to wash the face with the formerly described waters and againe in the morning when you rise When the sace is freed from wrinkles and spots then may you paint the cheekes with a rosie and flourishing colour for of the commixture of white and red ariseth a native and beautifull colour for this purpose take as much as you shall thinke fit of brasill and alchunet steep them in alume water and there with touch the cheeks and lips and so suffer it to dry in there is also spanish red made for this purpose others rub the mentioned parts with a sheeps skinne died red moreover the friction that is made by the hand onely a pleasing rednesse in the face by drawing thither the blood and spirits CHAP. XLV Of the Gutta Rosacea or a fiery face THis treatise of Fuci puts me in minde to say something in this place of helping the preternaturall rednesse which possesseth the nose and cheekes and oft times all the face besides one while with a tumour other whiles without sometimes with pustles and scabs by reason of the admixtion of a nitrous and adust humor Practitioners have termed it Gutta rosacea This shewes both more and more ugly in winter than in summer because the cold closeth the pores of the skinne so that the matter contained thereunder is pent up for want of transpiration whence it becomes acrid and biting so that as it were boiling up it lifts or raiseth the skinne into pustles and scabs it is a contumacious disease and oft times not to be helped by medicine For the generall method of curing this disease it is fit that the patient abstaine from wine and from all things in generall that by their heat inflame the blood and diffuse it by their vaporous substance he shall shunne hot and very cold places and shall procure that his belly may be soluble either by nature or art Let blood first be drawn out of the basilica then from the vena front is and lastly from the vein of the nose Let leaches be applied to sundry places of the face and cupping glasses with scarification to the shoulders For particular or proper remedies if the disease be inveterate the hardnesse shall first be softned with emollient things then assaulted with the following ointments which shall be used or changed by the Chirurgian as the Physitian shall thinke fit â„ž succi citri â„¥ iii. cerus quantum sufficit ad eum inspissandum argenti vivi cum saliva sulphure vivo extincti Ê’ ss incorporentur simul fiat unguentum â„ž boracis Ê’ ii farin cicer fabar an Ê’ i ss caph Ê’ i. cum melle succo cepae fiant trochisci when you would use them dissolve them in rose and plantaine water and spread them upon linnen cloaths and so apply them on the night time to the affected parts and so let them be oft times renued â„ž unguenti citrini recenter dispensati â„¥ ii sulphuris vivi â„¥ ss cum modico olei scm cucurb succi limonum fiat unguentum with this let the face be anointed when you goe to bed in the morning let it bee washed away with rose water being white by reason of bran infused therein moreover sharp vinegar boyled with branne and rose water and applied as before powerfully takes away the rednesse of the face â„ž cerus litharg auri sulphur is vivi pulverisati an â„¥ ss ponantur in phiala cum aceto aquarosarum linnen cloaths dipped herein shall be applied to the face on the night and it shall bee washed in the morning with the water of the infusion of bran this kinde of medicine shall be continued for a moneth â„ž sanguinis tauri lb i. butyri recentis lb ss fiat distillatio utatur The liquor
call Restauratives othersome are composed of both such as are these restaurative waters which are also mixed with medicinall things others are purging as the distilled water of greene and fresh Rubarbe othersome serve for smoothing the skinne and others for smell of which sort are those that are destilled of aromaticke things To distill Rose water it will be good to macerate the Roses before you distill them for the space of two or three dayes in some formerly distilled rose-Rosewater or their pressed out juice luting the vessell close then put them into an Alembecke closely luted to his head and his receiver and so put into a Balneum Mariae as wee have formerly described The distilled Alimentary liquors are nothing else than those that wee vulgarly call Restauratives this is the manner and art of preparing them Take of Veale Mutton Kid Capon Pullet Cocke Partridge Pheasant as much as shall seeme fit for your purpose cut it small and least it should acquire heate or empyreuma from the fire mixe therewith a handfull of French Barley and of red Rose leaves dry and fresh but first steeped in the juice of Pomegranats or citrons and Rosewater with a little Cinnamon as much But if you desire that this restaurative should not onely bee alimentary but also medicinall you shall adde thereto such things as shall resist the disease such as are Cordiall pouders as of El. Diamargarit frigid De Gemmis Aromaticum Rosat Conserve of Buglosse Borrage roots hearbes seeds and other things of that kind But if it be in a pestiferous season Treacle Mithridate and other Antidotes shall be added each of these shall be laid in rankes or orders one over another which is vulgarly termed stratum super stratum in a glasse Alembeck and distilled in balneo Mariae with the heate of Ashes or else of warme sand as the following figure shewes The delineation of a Balneum Mariae which may also serve for to distill with Ashes A. Shewes the Fornace with the hole to take forth the Ashes B. Shewes another Fornace as it were set in the other now it is of Brasse and runs through the midst of the kettle made also of brasse that so the conteined water or ashes may bee the more easily heated C. The kettle wherein the water ashes or sand are conteined D. The Alembecke set in the water ashes or sand with the mouthes of the receivers E. The bottome of the second brasse Fornace whose top is marked with B. which containes the fire There may be made other restrauratives in shorter time with lesse labour and cost To this purpose the flesh must be beaten and cut thinne and so thrust through with a double thred so that the pieces thereof may touch each other then put them into a Glasse and let the thred hang out so stop up the glasse close with a linnen cloth Cotton or Towe and lute it up with paste made of meale and the whites of egges then set it up to the necke in a kettle of water but so that it touch not the bottome but let it be kept upright by the formerly described meanes then make a gentle fire thereunder untill the contained flesh by long boyling shall bee dissolved into juyce and that will commonly be in some foure houres space This being done let the fire be taken from under the kettle but take not forth the glasse before the water be cold least it being hot should be broken by the suddaine appulse of the cold aire Wherefore when as it is cold let it be opened and the thred with the peeces of flesh be drawne forth so that onely the juyce may be left remaining then straine it through a bagge and aromatize it with Sugar and Cinnamon adding a little juyce of Citron Verjuice or Vinegar as it shall best like the patients palate After this manner you may quickely easily and without great cost have and prepare all sorts of restauratives aswell medicated as simple But the force and faculty of purging medicines is extracted after a cleane contrary manner than the oyles and waters are drawne of Aromaticke things as Sage Rosemary Time Aniseedes Fennell Cloves Cinnamon Nutmegs and the like For the strength of these as that which is subtile and ayery flies upwards in distillation but the strength of purging things as Turbith Agaricke Rubarbe and the like subside in the bottome For the purgative faculty of these purgers inseparably adheres to the bodies and substances Now for sweet waters and such as serve to smooth the skinne of the face they may be distilled in Balneo Mariae like as Rose water CHAP. VIII How to distill Aqua vitae or the spirit of wine TAke of good White or Clarret wine or Sacke which is not sowre nor mustie nor otherwise corrupt or of the Lees that quantity which may serve to fill the vessell wherein you make the distillation to a third part then put on your head furnished with the nose or pipe and so make your distillation in Balneo Mariae The oftner it is distilled or as they tearme it rectified the more noble and effectuall it becomes Therefore some distill it seven times over At the first distillation it may suffice to draw a fourth or third part of the whole to wit of 24. pints of Wine or Lees draw 6. or 8. pints of distilled liquor At the second time the halfe part of that is 3. or 4. pints At the third distillation the halfe part againe that is two pints so that the oftner you distill it over the lesse liquor you have but it will be a great deale the more efficacious I doe well like that the first distillation bee made in Ashes the second in Balneum Mariae To conclude that aqua vitae is to be approoved of neither is it any oftner to be distilled which put into a spoone or saucer and there set on fire burnes wholly away and leaves no liquor or moisture in the bottome of the vessell if you drop a drop of oyle into this same water it incontinently falls to the bottome or if you drop a drop thereof into the palme of your hand it will quickly vanish away which are two other notes of probation of this liquor The faculties and effects of aqua vitae are innumerable it is good against the epilepsie and all cold diseases it asswages the paines of the teeth it is good for punctures and wounds of the Nerves faintings sownings gangreenes and mortification both of its flesh as also put to other medicines for a vehicle There is this difference betweene the distilling of wine and Vinegar wine being of an ayery and vaporous substance that which is the best and most effectuall in it to wit the aiery and fiery liquor comes from it presently at the first distillation Therefore the residue that remaines in the bottome of the vessell is of a cold dry and acrid nature on the contrary the water that comes first from Vinegar being distilled
is insipide and flegmaticke For Vinegar is made by the corruption of wine and the segregation of the fiery and aiery parts wherefore the wine becomming sowre there remaines nothing almost of the former substance but phlegme wherefore seeing phlegme is chiefly predominant in Vinegar it first rises in distillation Wherefore he that hopes to distill the spirit of Vinegar hee must cast away the phlegmaticke substance that first rises and when by his taste he shall perceive the spirit of the Vinegar he shall keepe the fire there under untill the flowing liquor shall become as thicke as honey then must the fire be taken away otherwise the burning of it will cause a great stinch The vessells fit to distill aqua vitae and Vinegar are diverse as an Alembicke or Retort set in sand or Ashes a Coppar or brasse bottome of a still with a head thereto having a pipe comming forth thereof which runs into a worme or pipe fastned in a barrell or vessell filled with cold water and having the lower end comming forth thereof whose figure wee shall give you when as wee come to speake of the drawing of oyles out of vegetables CHAP. IX Of the manner of rectifying that is how to encrease the strength of waters that have beene once distilled TO rectifie the waters that have beene distilled in Balneo Mariae you must set them in the Sunne in glasses well stopped and halfe filled being set in sand to the third part of their height that the water waxing hot by the heate of the Sun may separate it selfe from the phlegme mixed therewith which will be performed in 12. or 15. dayes There is another better way to doe this which is to distill them againe in Balneo with a gentle fire or if you will put them into a retort furnished with his receiver and set them upon crystall or iron bowles or in an iron mortar directly opposite to the beames of the Sun as you may learne by these ensuing signes A Retort with his receiver standing upon Crystall bowles just opposite to the Sunne beames A. Shewes the Retort B. The receiver C. The Crystall bowles Another Retort with his receiver standing in a Marble or Iron mortar directly opposite to the Sun A. Shewes the Retort B. The Marble or Iron mortar C. The receiver CHAP. X. Of distillation by filtring YOu shall set three basons or vessells of convenient matter in that site and order that each may be higher than other that which stands in the highest place shall conteine the liquor to bee distilled and that which stands lowest shall receive the distilled liquor Out of the first and second vessell shall hang shreds or peeces of cloth or cotton with their broader ends in the liquor or upper vessell and the other sharper ends hanging downe whereby the more subtle and defaecate liquor may fall downe by drops into the vessell that stands under it but the grosser and more feculent part may subside in the first and second vessell You by this meanes may at the same time distill the same liquor divers times if you place many vessells one under another after the forementioned manner and so put shreds into each of them so that the lowest vessell may receivethe purified liquor In stead of this distillation Apothecaries oft times use bagges This manner of distillation was invented to make more cleare and pure waters and all juices and compositions which are of such a liquid consistence You may take an example of this from Lac Virginis or Virgins milke of which this is the description â„ž litharg auri diligenter pulveris â„¥ iij. macerentur in aceti boni â„¥ vj. trium horarum spaâ—â—o seorsim etiam in aqua plantaginis solani rosarum aut communi sal infundatur then distill them both by shreads then mixe the distilled liquors and you shall have that which for the milkie whitenesse is termed Virgins milke being good against the rednesse and pimples in the face as we have noted in our Antidotary The description of vessells to performe the distillation or filtration by shreds A Shewes the vessell B The Clothes or shreds CHAP. XI What and how many wayes they are to make Oyles YOu may by three meanes especially draw or extract the oyles that you desire The first is by expression and so are made the oyles of Olives nuts seeds fruits and the like Vnder this is thought to bee conteined elixation when as the beaten materialls are boyled in water that so the oyle may swimme aloft and by this meanes are made the oyles of the seedes of the berries of Elder and Danewort and of bay-berries Another is by infusion as that which is by infusing the parts of plants and other things in oyles The third is by distillation such is that which is drawne by the heate of the fire whether by ascent or by descent or by concourse The first way is knowne by all now it is thus take almonds in their huskes beate them worke them into a masse then put them into a bagge made of haire or else of strong cloth first steeped in water or in white Wine then put them into presse and so extract their oyle You may doe the same in pine apple kernells Hazell nuts Coco nuts nutmegs peach kernells the seeds of gourds cucumbers pisticke nuts and all such oiely things Oyle of bayes may be made of ripe bay-berries newly gathered let them be beaten in a morter and so boiled in a double vessell and then forthwith put into presse so to extract oyle as you doe from Almonds unlesse you had rather get it by boyling as we have formerly noted Oyle of Egges is made of the yoalkes of Egges boiled very hard when they are so rub them to peeces with your fingers then frie them in a panne over a gentle fire continually stirring them with a spoone untill they become red and the oyle be resolved and flow from them then put them into a haire cloth and so presse forth the oile The oyles prepared by infusion are thus made make choise of good oyle wherein let plants or creatures or the parts of them bee macerated for some convenient time that is untill they may seeme to have transfused their faculties into the oyle then let them be boiled so strained or pressed out But if any aquosity remaine let it be evaporated by boyling Some in compounding of oyles adde gums to them of which though we have formerly spoken in our Antidotary yet have I thought good to give you this one example â„ž flor hyper lb ss immittantur in phialam cum flo cent gum elemi an â„¥ ij olei com lb. ij Let them be exposed all the heate of Summer to the Sunne If any will adde aqua vitae wherein some Benzoin is dissolved he shall have a most excellent oyle in this kind Oyle of Masticke is made Ex olei rosati â„¥ xij mastich â„¥ iij. vini optimi
â„¥ viij Let them all bee boiled together to the consumption of the wine then straine the Oyle and reserve it in a vessell CHAP. XII Of extracting Oiles of vegetables by Distillation ALmost all hearbes that carry their flowres and seeds in an umbell have seeeds of a hot subtle and aiery substanc and consequently oyly Now because the oyly substance that is conteined in simple bodyes is of two kindes therefore the manner also of extracting is twofold For some is grosse earthy viscous and wholy confused and mixt with the bodyes out of which they ought to be drawne as that which wee have sayd is usually extracted by expression this because it most tenaciously adheres to the grosser substance and part of the body therefore it cannot by reason of this naturall grossnesse bee lifted up or ascend Othersome are of a slender and aiery substance which is easily severed from their body wherefore being put to distillation it easily rises such is the oyly substance of aromaticke things as of Iuniper Aniseeds Cloves Nutmegs Cinnamon Pepper Ginger and the like odoriferous and spicy things This is the manner of extracting oyles out of them let your matter be well beaten and infused in water to that proportion that for every pound of the materiall there may bee ten pints of water infuse it in a copper bottome having a head thereto either tinned or silvered over and furnished with a couller filled with cold water Set your vessell upon a furnace having a fire in it or else in sand or ashes When as the water contained in the head shall waxe hot you must draw it forth and put in cold that so the spirits may the better be condensed and may not fly away you shall put a long neckt receiver to the nose of the Alembecke and you shall increase the fire untill the things conteined in the Alembecke boyle There is also another manner of performing this distillation the matter preserved and infused as we have formerly declared shall be put in a brasse or copper bottome covered with his head to which shall be fitted and well luted a worme of Tinne this worme shall runne through a barrell filled with cold water that the liquor which flowes forth with the oyle may be cooled in the passage forth at the lower end of this worme you shall set your receiver The fire gentle at the first shall be encreased by little and little untill the conteined matter as wee formerly sayd do boyle but take heede that you make not too quicke or vehement a fire for so the matter swelling up by boyling may exceede the bounds of the containing vessell and so violently fly over Observing these things you shall presently at the very first see an oiely moisture flowing forth together with the watrish When the oyle hath done owing which you may know by the colour of the distilled liquor as also by the consistence and taste then put out the â—â—re and you may separate the oyle from the water by a little vessell made like a Thimble and tyed to the end of a sticke or which is better with a glasse funnell or instrument made of glasse for the same purpose Here you must also note that there be some oiles that swimme upon the top of the water as oile of aniseedes othersome on the contrary which fall to the bottome as oile of Cinnamon Mace and Cloves Moreover you must note that the watrish moisture or water that is distilled with oile of Aniseede and Cinnamon is whitish and in successe of time will in some small proportion turne into oile Also these waters must bee kept severall for they are farre more excellent than those that are distilled by Balneum Mariae especially those that first come forth together with the oyle Oiles are of the same faculties with the bodies from whence they are extracted but much more effectuall for the force which formerly was diffused in many pounds of this or that medicine is after distillation contracted in a few drams For example the facultie that was dispersed over j. pound of Cloves will be contracted into two ounces of oyle at the most and that which was in a pound of Cinnamon will be drawne into Ê’iss or Ê’ij at the most of oile But to draw the greater quantity with the lesser charge and without feare of breaking the vessells whereto glasses are subject I like that you distill them in copper vessells for you neede not feare that the oyle which is distilled by them will contract an ill quality from the copper for the watrish moisture that flowes forth together therewith will hinder it especially if the copper shall betinned or silvered over I have thought good to describe and set before your eyes the whole manner of this operation A Fornace with set vessells to extract the Chymicall oiles or spirits of Sage Rosemary Time Lavender Aniseeds Fennell seeds Cloves Nutmegs Cinnamon Pepper Ginger and the like as also to distill the spirit of wine of Vinegar and aqua vitae In stead of the barrell and worme you may use a head with a bucket or rowler about it A. Shewes the bottome which ought to be of Copper and tinned on the inside B. The head C. The Barrell filled with cold water to refrigerate and condensate the water and oyle that run through the pipe or worme that is put through it D. Apipe of brasse or lattin or rather a worme of Tinne running through the Barrell E. The Alembecke set in the fornace with the fire under it Now because we have made mention of Cinnamon Pepper and other spices which grew not here with us I have thought good to describe these out of Thevets Cosmography he having seene them growing Pepper growes on shrubs in India these shrubs send forth little branches whereon hang clusters of berries like to Ivy berries or bunches of small blacke grapes or currance The leaves are like those of the Citron tree but sharpish and pricking The Indians gather those berries with great diligence and stow them up in large cellars as soone as they come to perfect maturity Wherefore it oft times happens that there are more than 200. shippes upon the coast of the lesser Iava an Island of that country to carry thence Pepper and other spices Pepper is used in Antidotes against poysons it provokes urine digests attracts resolves and cures the bites of Serpents It is properly applyed and taken inwardly against a cold stomacke in sauces it helpes concotion and procures appetite you must make choyse of such as is blacke heavie and not flaccide The trees which beare white and those that beare blacke pepper are so like each other that the natives themselves know not which is which unlesse when they have their fruite hanging upon them as the like happens upon our Vines which beare white and blacke grapes The tree that yeelds Cinnamon growes in the mountaines of India and hath leaves very like to bay leaves
twelve ounces of oyle flow from an ounce of Turpentine This kind of oyle is effectuall against the Palsie Convulsions punctures of the nerves and wounds of all the nervous parts But you shall thus extract oyle out of waxe take one pound of waxe melt it and put it into a glasse Retort set in sand or ashes as wee mentioned a little before in drawing of oyle of Turpentine then destill it by encreasing the fire by degrees There distills nothing forth of waxe besides an oyly substance and a little Phlegma yet portion of this oyly substance presently concreats into a certaine butter-like matter which therefore would be distilled over againe you may draw â„¥ vj or viij of oyle from one pound of waxe This oyle is effectuall against Contusions and also very good against cold affects CHAP. XV. Of extracting of oyles out of the harder sorts of Gummes as myrrhe mastich frankincense and the like SOme there be who extract these kinds of oyles with the Retort set in ashes or sand as we mentioned in the former Chapter of oyles of more liquid gums adding for every pound of gumme two pints of Aqua vitae and two or three ounces of oyle of Turpentine then let them infuse for eight or ten dayes in Balneo Mariae or else in horse dung then they set it to distill in a Retort Now this is the true manner of making of oyles of Myrrhe Take Myrrhe made into fine pouder and therewith fill hard Egges in stead of their yoalkes being taken out then place the Egges upon a gridiron or such like grate in some moist place as a cellar and set under them a Leaden earthen panne the Myrrhe will dissolve into an oilely water which being presently put into a glasse and well stopped with an equall quantitie of rectified aqua vitae and so set for three or foure monthes in hot horse dung which past the vessell shall be taken forth and so stopped that the conteined liquor may be poured into an Alembecke for there will certaine grosse setling by this meanes remaine in the bottome then set your Alembecke in Balneo and so draw off the aqua vitae phlegmaticke liquor and there will remaine in the bottome a pure cleare oile whereto you may give a curious colour by mixing therewith some Alkanet and a smell by droping thereinto a little oyle of Sage Cinnamon or cloves Now let us shew the composition and manner of making of balsames by giving you one or two examples the first of which is taken out of Vesalius his Chirurgery and is this â„ž terebinth opt lb. j. ol laurini â„¥ iiij galbani â„¥ iij. gum elem â„¥ iiij ss thuris Myrrhae gum hederae centaur majoris ligni aloës an â„¥ iij. galangae caryophyll consolidae majoris Cinamoni nucis moschat zedoaniae zinzib dictamni albi an â„¥ j. olei vermium terrestrium â„¥ ij aq vitae lb. vj. The manner of making it is this let all these things be beaten and made small and so iâ—fused for three dayes space in aqua vitae then distilled in a Retort just as wee said you must distill oyle of Turpentine and waxe There will flow hence three sorts of liquors the first watrish and cleare the other thinne and of pure golden colour the third of the colour of a Carbuncle which is the true Balsame The first liquor is effectuall against the weakenesse of the stomacke comming of a cold cause for that it cuts flegme and discusses â—â—atulencies the second helpes fresh and hot bleeeing wounds as also the palsie The third is chiefly effectuall against these same effects The composition of the following Balsamum is out of Fallopius and is this â„ž terebinth clarae lb. ij olei de semine lini lb. j. resinae pini â„¥ vj thuris myrrhae aloes mastiches sarcocollae an â„¥ iij. macis ligni Aloes an â„¥ ij croci â„¥ ss Let them all be put in a glasse Retort set in ashes and so distilled First there will come forth a cleere water then presently after a reddish oyle most proâ—â—table for wounds Now you must know that by this meanes we may easily distill all Axungia's fatts parts of creatures woods all kinds of barkes and seeds if so bee that they be first macerated as they ought to bee yet so that there will come forth more watry than oyly humidity Now for that wee have formerly frequently mentioned Thus or frankinsense I have heere thought good out of Thevets Cosmography to give you the description of the tree from which it flowes The frankincense tree saith hee growes naturally in Arabia resembles a pine yeelding a moisture that is presently hardened and it concreates into whitish cleare graines fatty within which cast into the fire take flame Now frankincense is adulte rated with pine-rosin and Gumme which is the cause that you shall seldome finde that with us as it is here described you may finde out the deceit as thus for that neither Rosin nor any other gumme takes flame for Râ—sin goes away in smoake but frankincese presently burnes The smell also beâ—ayes the counterfeite for it yeelds no gratefull smell as frankincense doth The Arabians wound the tree that so the liquor may the more readily flow forth whereof they make great gaine It fills up hollow Vlcers and cicatrizes them wherefore it enters as a cheefe ingredient into artificiall balsame frâ—nâ—… alone made into powder and applyed stanches the blood that flowes out or wounds Mathiolus faith that it being mixed with Fullers earth and oyle of Roses is a singular remedy against the inflammation of the breasts of women lately delivered of childe CHAP. XVI The making of oyle of Vitriall TAke ten pounds of Vitrioll which being made into powder put it into an earthen pot and set it upon hot coales untill it be calcined which is when as it becomes reddish after some five or sixe houres when as it shall bee throughly cold breake the pot and let the vitrioll be againe made into powder that so it may be calcined againe and you shall doe thus so often and long untill it shall be perfectly calcined which is when as it shall be exactly red then let it be made into powder and put into an earthen Retort like that wherein aqua fortis is usually drawne adding for every pound of your calcined vitrioll of tile shreds or powdered bricke 1 quarter then put the Retort furnished with its receiver into a fornace of Reverberation alwayes keeping a strong fire and that for the space of 48 houres more or lesse according to the manner and plenty of the distilling liquor You shall know the distillation is finished when as the receiver shall begin to recover his native perspicuity being not now filled with vaporouse spirits wherewith as long as the humor distills it is replenished and lookes white Now for the receiver there are 2 things to be observed The first is that it bee great and very capacious
that it may not be distended and broken by the abundant flowing of vaporous spirits as it doth oft times happen another thing is that you set it in a vessell filled with cold water least it should be broken by being over hot you may easily perceive all this by the ensuing figure A Fornace or Reverberation furnished with his Retort and Receiver A. Shewes the Fornace B. The Retort C. The Receiver D. The vessell filled with cold water CHAP. XVII A table or Catalogue of medicines and instruments serving for the cure of Diseases MEdicines and medicinallmeates fit for the cure of diseases are taken from living Creatures plants and mineralls From living creatures are taken Hornes Hooves Haires Feathers Shells Sculles Scailes Sweates Skinnes Fatts Flesh Blood Entrailes Vrine Smells whether they be stincking or sweete as also poysons whole creatures themselves as Foxes Whelpes Hedgehogs Frogs Wormes Crabs Cray-fishes Scorpions Horseleaches Swallowes Dungs Bones Extreame parts Hearts Liver Lungs Braine Wombe Secundine Testicles Pizle Bladder Sperme Taile Coats of the Ventricle Expirations Bristles Silke Webbes Teares Spittle Honey Waxe Egges Milke Butter Cheese Marrow Rennet From Plants that is Trees shrubs and hearbes are taken Roots Mosse Pith. Siâ—ns Buds Stalkes Leaves Floures Cups Fibers or hairy threds Eares Seeds Barke Wood. Meale Iuices Teares Oyles Gums Rosins Rottennesses Masse or spissament Manna which falling downe like dew upon plants presently concreates Whole plants as Mallowes Onions c. Mettalls or mineralls are taken either from the water or earth and are either kinds of earth stones or mettalls c. The kinds of earth are Bole Armenicke Terra sigillata Fullers earth Chaulke Okar Plaister Lime Now the kinds of stone are Flints Lapis judaicus Lapis Lyncis The Pumice Lap. Haematites Amiantus Galactites Spunge stones Diamonds Saphire Chrysolite Topace Loadstone The Pyrites or fire-stone Alablaster Marble Cristall and many other precious stones The kinds of Salts as well naturall as artficiare Common salt Sal nitrum Sal Alkali Sal Ammoniacum Salt of Vrine Salt of tartar and generally all salts that may be made of any kind of plants Those that are commonly called mineralls are Marchasite Antimony Muscovy Glasse Tutty Arsnicke Orpiment Lazure or blew Rose agar Brimstone Quicke silver White Coprose Chalcitis Psory Roman Vitrioll Colcothar vitrioll or greene Coprose Alumen scissile Common Alome Alumen rotundum Round Alome Alumen liquidum Alumen plumosum Boraxe or Burrace Bitumen Naphtha Cinnabaris or Vermillion Litharge of Gold Litharge of Silver Chrysocolla Scandaracha Red Lead White Lead and divers other Now the Mettals themselves are Gold Silver Iron Lead Tinne Brasse Copper Steele Lattin and such as arise from these as the scailes verdegreace rust c. Now from the waters as the Sea Rivers Lakes and Fountaines and the mud of these waters are taken divers medicines as white and red Corrall Pearles and infinite other things which nature the handmayd of the great Architect of this world hath produced for the cure of diseases so that into what part soever you turne your eyes whether to the surface of the earth or the bowels thereof a great multitude of remedies present themselves to your view The choyse of all which is taken from their substance or quantity quality action place season smell taste site figure and weight other circumstances as Sylvius hath aboundantly shewed in his booke written upon this subject Of these simples are made diverse compositions as Collyria Caputpurgia Eclegmata Dentifrices Dentiscalpia Apophlegmatismi Gargarismes Pills Boles Potions Emplaisters Vnguents Cerates Liniments Embrocations Fomentations Epithemes Attractives Resolvers Suppuratives Emollients Mundificatives Incarnatives Cicatrisers Putrifiers Corrosives Agglutinatives Anodynes Apozemes Iuleps Syrupes Powders Tablets Opiates Conserves Preserves Confections Rowles Vomits Sternutatoryes Sudorifickes Glysters Pessaries Suppositoryes Fumigations Trochisces Frontalls Cappes Stomichers Bagges Bathes Halfe-bathes Virgins-milke Fuci Pications Depilatoryes Vesicatoryes Potentiall canteriâ—s Nose-gayes Fannes Cannopyes or extended cloathes to make winde Artificiall fountaines to distill or droppe downe liquors Now these that are thought to be nourishing medicines are Restauratiues Cullisses Expressions Gellyes Ptisans Barly-creames Ponadoes Almond-milkes Marchpaines Wafers Hydro sacchar Hydromel and such other drinkes Mucilages Oxymel Oxycrate Rose Vinegar Hydraelium Metheglin Cider Drinke of Servisses Ale Beere Vinegar Verjuice Oyle Steeled water Water brewed with bread crummes Hippocras Perry and such like Waters and distilled oyles and divers other Chymicall extractions As the waters and oyles of hot dry and aromaticke things drawne in a copper Alembecke with a cooler with ten times as much water in weight as of hearbes now the hearbes must be dry that the distillation may the better succeede Waters are extracted cut of flowers put in a Retort by the heate of the Sunne or of dung or of an heape of pressed out Grapes or by Balneo if there bee a receiver put and closely lured thereto All kindes of salt of things calcined dissolved in water and twise or thrise filtred that so they may become more pure and fit to yeeld oyle Other distillations are made either in Cellars by the coldnesse or moysture of the place the things being layd either upon a marble or else hangd up in a bagge and thus is made oyle of Tartar and of salts and other things of An aluminous nature Bones must bee distilled by descent or by the joyning together of vessels All woods rootes barkes shells of fishes and seedes or graines as of corne broome beanes and other things whose juice cannot be got out by expression must bee distilled by descent or by the joyning together of vessels in a Reverberatory fornace Mettalls calcined and having acquired the nature of salt ought to bee dissolved and filtted and then evaporated till they bee dry then let them bee dissolved in distilled vinegar and then evaporated and dryed againe for so they will easily distill in a Cellar upon a Marble or in a bagge Or else by putting them into a glassie retort and setting it in sand and so giving fire thereto by degrees untill all the watery humidity be distilled then change the receiver and lute another close to the Retort then encrease the fire above and below and thus there will flow forth an oyle very red coloured Thus are all metalline things distilled as Alomes salts c. Gummes axungiae and generally all rosins are distilled by retort set in an earthen vessell filled with Ashes upon a fornace now the fire must be encreased by little and little according to the different condition of the distilled matters The vessels and Instruments serving for distillations are commonly these Bottomes of Alembeckes The heads of them from whence the liquors droppe Refrigeratories Vessels for sublimation For Reverberation For distilling by descent Crucibiles and other such Vessells for Calcination Haire strainers Bagges Earthen platters Vessells for circulation as Pellicanes Earthen Basons for filtring Fornaces The secret fornaces of Philosophers The Philosophers egge Cucurbites Retorts Bolt heads Vrinalls Receivers Vessells so fitted together
way that we had put many of them in a great Tower layd upon a little straw and their pillowes were stones their coverlets were their cloakes of those that had any Whilst the battery was making as many shot as the Cannons made the patients sayd they felt paine in their woundes as if one had given them blowes with a staffe the one cry'd his head the other his arme and so of other parts divers of their wounds bled afresh yea in greater quantity than first when they were wounded and then it was I must runne to stay their bleeding My little master if you had beene there you had beene much troubled with your hot irons you had neede to have had much charcoale to make them red hot and belee ve they would have slaine you like a Calfe for this cruelty Now through this diabolicall tempest of the Eccho from these thundring Instruments and by the great and vehement agitation of the collision of the ayre resounding and reverberating in the wounds of the hurt people divers dyed and others because they could not rest by reason of the groanes and cryes that they made night and day and also for want of good nourishment and other good usage necessary to wounded people Now my little master if you had beene there you would hardly have given them gelly restauratives cullises pressures panado cleansed barly white meate almond milke Prunes Raisons and other proper meates for sicke people your ordinance would onely have beene accomplisht in paper but in effect they could have had nothing but old Cow beefe which was taken about Hedin for our munition salted and halfe boyled insomuch that who would have eate it he must pull it with the force of his teeth as birds of Prey doe carrion I will not forget their linnen wherewith they were drest which was onely rewashed every day and dryed at the fire and therefore dry stubborne like Parchment I leave you to thinke how their wounds could heale well There was â—oure lusty whores to whom charg was given to wash their linnen who discharged their duty under penalty of the batoone and also they wanted both soape and water See then how the sicke people dyed for want of nourishments and other necessary things One day our enemies fained to give us a generall assault to draw our Souldiers upon the breach to the end to know our countenance and behaviour every one ranne thither we had made great provision of artificiall fire to defend the breach a Priest belonging to Monsieur du Boüillon tooke a granado thinking to throw it on the enemies and set it on fire sooner then he ought to have done it brake asunder and the fire fell amongst our fire workes which were put into a house neere the breach which was to us a mervelous disastre because it burned diverse poore souldiers it also tooke hold on the house it selfe and we had beene all burned had not great helpe beene used for to quench it there was but one Well there wherein was water in our Castle which was almost quite dryed up and in steede of water we tooke beere and quenched it then afterwards we had great scarcity of water and to drinke the rest that remained which we must straine through napkins Now the enemy seeing this smoake and tempest of the fire workes which cast a very great flame and clashing noyse beleeved wee had put the fire on purpose for the defence of our breach to burne them and that wee had great store of others That made them to be of another opinion than to taken us by assault they did undermine and digge into the greatest part of our walls so that it was the way to overthrow wholly the Castle topsie turvie and when the mines were finisht and that their Artillery shot the whole Castle did shake under us like an earthquake which did much astonish us Moreover he had levelled five peeces of Artillery which they had seated upon a little hill to play upon our backes when wee should goe to defend the breach The Duke Horace had a Cannon shot upon one shoulder which caried away his arme on one side and the body on the other without being able to speake one onely word His death was to us a great disasture for the ranke which hee held in this place Likewise Monsieur de Martigues had a stroake with a Bullet which peire't through his Lungs I drest him as I will declare hereafter Then we demanded Parle and a Trumpet was sent toward the Prince of Piedmont to know what composition it pleased him to make us His answer was that all the chiefe as Gentlemen Captaines Lievtenants and Ensignes should be taken for ransome and the Souldiers should goe out without Armes and if they refused this faire and honest proffer the next day we ought to be assured they would have us by assault or otherwise Counsell was held where I was called to know if I would signe as divers Captaines Gentlemen and others that the place should bee rendred up I made answer it was not possible to be held and that I would signe it with my proper blood for the little hope that I had that wee could resist the enemies force and also for the great desire which I had to be out of this torment and hell for I slept not eyther night or day by reason of the great number of hurt people which were about two hundred The dead bodies yeelded a great putrifaction being heaped one upon the other like Fagots and not being covered with earth because we had it not and when I entred into one lodging Souldiers attended me at the dore to goe dresse others at another when I went forth there was striving who should have me and they carried me like a holy body not touching the ground with my foote in spight one of another nor could I satisfie so great a number of hurt people Moreover I had not what was necessary to dresse them withall for it is not sufficient that the Chirurgion doe his duty towards the patients but the patient must also doe his and the assistance and all exterior things witnesse Hippocrates in his first Aphorisme Now having understood the resolution of the yeelding up of our place I knew our affaires went not well and for feare of being knowne I gave a veluet Coate a Satin doublet a very fine cloth cloak lin'd with velvet to a Souldier who gave me a scurvy old torne doublet cut and flasht with using and a leather jerkin well examined and an ill favoured hat and a little cloake I smutcht the collar of my shirt with water in which I had mingled a little soote likewise I wore out my stockings with a stone at the knees and the heeles as if they had beene worne a long time and I did as much to my shooes in so much that they would rather take me for a Chimney sweeper than a Kings Chirurgion I went in this equipage towards Monsieur de
21. sect 3. lib. 3. Epid. Wounds made by Gunshot are not burnt The reason why wounds made by Gun-shot looke blacke The reasons of our adversaries refelled Quaest nat lib. 2. cap. 49. The stinking smell of lightning Quaest 2. cap 51. The wonderfull nature of some lightning A Historie Why the wounds made by Gunshot some few yeares agone were so deadly The cause of the transmutation of the Elements * These bellowes here mentioned by the Author are Bals made of Brasse in forme of a peare with a very small hole in their lesser ends when you would fill them with water you must heate them very hot and so the aire which is conteined in them will be exceedingly rarified which by putting them presently into water will be condensate as much and so will draw in the water to supply the place ne detur Gacuum Theâ— put them into the fire and it againe rarifying the water into aire will make them yeelde a strong continued and forcible blast The cause of the report and blow of a Cannon A Historie The cause of an Earth-quake How the aire becomes hurtfull Aphor. 17. sect 3. Flesh quickly putrifies in maritime places In what bodies 〈◊〉 and wounds are not easily cured An argument of great putrifaction of the humors All contused wounds must bee brought to suppuration A division of wounds â—on the variety of the Wounded parts From the difference of Bullets Wounds made by 〈◊〉 shot 〈…〉 〈◊〉 Signes of Wounds from their figure From their colour From the feeling the blow From the bleeding From the heats of the Wound Whence these wounds are so much confused Strange bodies must first be pulled forth The manner how to draw them forth What probes fit search these wounds A Caution in the use of suppuratives Why Escharotickes must be eschewed in these kinds if they be simple How an Eschar may cause putrefaction The description of an Egyptiacum How and when to temper this Egyptiacum The oyle of Whelpes a digestive anodyne and fit medicine to procure the falling away of an Eschar Lib de ulter The faculties of the powder of Mercury The force of ealcined vitrioll How wounds made by Gun-shot may be combait Scarification An Astringent repelling medicine The binding up How oft the wound must be drest in a day Why wounds made by Gun-shot are so long before they come to suppuration Why Turpentine must be washed Gal. lib. 3. Meth. A detergent medicine Why tents must be neither too long nor thicke When you must use injections An Injection The quantity of Egyptiacum to be used in an injection Why none of of the iniection must beleft in the wound Hollow tents or pipes The manner of binding up the wound Two causes that make strange bodies hard to he taken forth The Indication which is drawne from the strength of the patient is the chiefest of all other Why wounds of the head at Paris and of the legges at Avignion are hard to be cured An indication to be drawne from the quicke and 〈◊〉 of the wounded parts Gal. lib. 7. Meth. et 2. ad Glauc Gal. lib. 7. Meth. How and when we must take indication of curing from a symptome Why such as are wounded must keepe a slender Diet Why we must open a veine in such as are wounded by Gunshot Gal. Lib. 4. Meth. cap. 6. Gal. Lib. 1 de comp Med. secund gen c. 〈◊〉 An Anodyne and ripening Cataplasme Why Leaden Bullets lye in the body so many yeeres without doing any harme Cordialls to strengthen the noble parts A cordiall Epithem Pomandera Frontalls to cause rest and strengthen the animall faculty A sweete water Perfumes to burne The maligne symptomes which usually happens upon wounds made by Gunshot Matter may flow from the wounded Iimbes into the belly A breefe recid tall of the manner of the cure Horride symptomes occasioned by a wound made by Gun-shot Incisions wherefore made Wherefore I used fomentations Mixed or round frictions as they terme them A medicated Lye A discussing Cataplasme The occasion of writing this Apologie The chiefe heads of our adversaries Treatise All wounds made by Gun-shot are contused A suppurative medicine of tryed efficacy The force of Egyptiacum against putrefaction The force of the ayre in breeding and augmenting diseases A History Hip. Aph. 1. sect 3. In our second discourse The power of the starres upon the Aire and our bodies Aoho 20. sect 5. The similitude betweene Thunder and great Ordinance maintained Our adversaries method and manner of cure reproved Gal. lib. 9. simpl 10. Method Vinegar put into a wound doth not stay but causes bleeding A History Balmes are fit to heale simple but not contused wounds Egyptiacum howsoever made is a clenser not a suppurative The occasion of this Apologie The reasons of our adversaries that the Bullets may be poysoned set downe and confuted In praefat 〈◊〉 6. Diascor Wounds made with Arrowes and such like things are often without contufion But are oft-times poysoned The differences of Arrowes In matter In signe In bignes In number In making In force You must not leave the weapon in the wound The manner of drawing forth 〈◊〉 and such weapons When to draw forth the weapon on the coutrary side When by the same way it went in A Caution The benefit of bleeding in wounds The signes of poysoned wounds Remedies in poysoned wounds Gal. Lib. de artis constâ—â—â—t Sect. 2. lib. de fracturis Causes of Bruises and Sugillations Sect. 2. lib. de fract Ad sentent 62. sect 3. lib. de Articulit A potion to dissolve and evacuate clotted blood A hot sheeps skinne A discussing oyntment A sudorificke potion to dissolve congealed blood Surupe hindering putrifaction and congealing of blood A drinke for the same purpose A pouder for the same The distilled water of greene Walnuts Baths Lib. 3. de vict deut lib. 3. de morb Sect. 2. lib. fract A suppurative Cataplasme A caution to be observed How contused wounds must be sowed Phlebotomie Scarifying Cupping glasses Astrictives how good in Contusions After astrictives must follow discussives Sect. 2. lib. de fract The cause of a Gangreene The use of a Scarificator A fomentation to discusse and draw to the skinne In sect 2. lib. de fiactur A discussing plaister Hip. sect 3. lib. de art sent 58. 65. Remedies for a mucous and flatulent tumor of the ribbes The cause Mummie a frequent and usuall medicine in contusions The reason that the Author makes no mention thereof amongst his medicines The opinion of the Arabians concerning it Lib. 4. cap. 84. Another opinion of Mummie Another What our Mummie usually is Mummie is no way good for contusions But hurtfull and how The effects of oxycrate in Contusions The reason and syptomes of Combustions The cause of the blisters rising upon burnes Variety of medicines to take away the heate and asswage the paine How fire may asswage the paine of burning Beaten Onions good for burns and how Lib. 5. simpl How often in
dry In what cases good What the plague is Sect. 3. aphor How it comes to kill The originall Bubo's Carbuncles c. in the plague Amos 3. Acts 17 The second causes have their power from God as the first cause The generall causes of the plague Lib. 6 de loc affectis How the seasons of the yeere may be said to want their seasonablenesse How the aire may be corrupted Lib. 8. hist aâ—iâ— Pestiferous putrefaction is â—ar different from ordinary putrefaction In a pestilent constitution of the aire all diseases become pestilent Lib. 1. de differ feb How the aire may be said to putrefie A Southerly constitution of the aire is the fuell of the Plague Three causes of the putrefâ—ction of humours Passions of the mind helpe forward the putrefaction of the humours Why Abortionâ— are frequent in a pestilent season A Catarrhe with difficulty of breathing killing many The english sweating sicknesse The Plague is not the definite name of one disease What signes in the earth forâ—tell a Plague How pestilent vapours may kill plants and trees Change of places the surest prevention of the Plague Two things of chiefe account for prevention Diet for prevention of the Plague Discommodities of a cloudy or toggy aire Why the South wind is pestilent The efficacy of fire against the Plague Moderate repleâ—ion good for prevention A strange art to drive away the Plague The antipathy of poysons with poysons Whether in the plague time one must travell by night or by day Why the Moon is to be shunned Garlick good against the Plague What water to be made choice oâ— in the Plague time Aqua theriacalis good against the Plague both inwardly taken outwardly applyed The composition thereof A Cordiall water A Cordiall clectuary Anâ—… Another Another A consection to be taken in the morning against the pestilent Aire A March-pane Pils of Ruffus Other pils Other pils Of what nâ—…e the medicines outwardly used ought to be Pomanders Sweet poudeâ—… Bagges Unsavory things to bee eschewed An unguent Why venery is to be shunned Running ulcers good in time of pestilence Places to be shunned in time of plague What company to be avoided You must doe nothing in a pestilent season whereby you may grow too hot Why dogs and cats must be killed in a plague time Why Bathes and hot-houses are not then to be allowed Such as dye of the plague doe quickly putrefiâ— Lib. 2. de occult â—at mirac The villany of some baâ—e people Our lots are in the hands of the Lord. Where to make issues in the time of the Plague Cap 8. Epist 2. What to weare How to visite your patients A history Whence certain signes of the Plague may be taken The cause of such as have the Plague suddenly changed Why some that â—e taken with the plague are â—eepy Why their urine are like those that are â—â—und An ulcerous painefull wearinesse from the beginning sheweth the Plague to be deadly Why they have no sores Sâ—gnes of choler When the urine is to be looked upon Why some are much troubled with thirst others not at all No certain prediction in tâ—… Plaâ—… A history Why young men sooner take the Plague than old What Plague most contagious Who least subject to take the Plague Who subject thereto Signes that the disease is incurable A good signe A deadly signe In whâ—t aire most contagious What effects feare and confidence produce in the Plague The originall of the Plague alwaies from the Aire Signes that natuee is oâ—â—come Change of the Aire â—onduâ—â—â—h to the cure of the Plague Aire penâ— up is apt to putreâ—… The materials for sweet fires Lib 16. cap 13. Perfumes Sweet candles A sweet water to smell to A Nodula to smell to Why such as have the plague may feed more fully Pulse must be shunned The manner of diet For the second course In the end of the meale A restaurative drinke An Oxymel A Julep The commodities of oxycrate To whom hurtfull The drinking of cold water to whom when profitable Lib. 3. cap. 7. For drynesse or roughnesse of the mouth For the Ulcers thereof The choice of waters Hip. sect 5. aphor 26. The beginning of the cuâ—… must be by antidotes In what quantity they must be taken Why poisonous things are put into Antidotes Some poysons Antidotes to othersome How to walke after the taking of an Antidote A sudoâ—ifick potion A sudorifick powder A distilled water against the Plague Another What meane to be used in sweating Whereof they must be made Repercussives not fit to be applyed to Carbuncles Reasons for and against bloud-letting in the Plague The composing of this controversie A history When purging and bleeding may be used Aph. 22 sect 2. Aph. 10. sect 4. Cap. 7. lib 3. Why bloud must 〈◊〉 let on th â—…me in the Plague What purges fit in thel lague Pils An effectuall sudorifick and also purging medicine The vertues of Mugwort Vide Rondelet Lib. 7. de pâ—s c. 3. 〈◊〉 Potion The effects of mercury copperose against the Plague The cause of phrensie in the Plague The benefit of opening an artery Aph. 10. sect 6. A history To stay bleeding Medicines to â—â—ocuresleep A Cataplasme An ointment for the reines An ointment for the heart The noise of dropping water drawes on sleep The differences of the spots in the plague Their severall names and the reasons of them When signes of death Why they somtimes appeare after the death of the patient They are to be cured by driving â—orth The indication of curing taken 〈◊〉 the like An ointment to draw them forth when as they appear too slowly In proâ—… 〈◊〉 Diâ—sâ— What a pesâ—â—lent Bubo is The signe of Bubo's salutary and deadly The use of cupping glasses in curing a Bubo A liniment A compound 〈◊〉 Why vesicatories are better than cauâ—… in a pestilent 〈◊〉 Strong drawing 〈◊〉 Against such as cut away plague 〈◊〉 A digestive fomentation An anodine Cataplasme Why it is best to open a Plague-sore with a potentiall cautery How to draw forth a sore that seems to goe in againe When repercussives may be applyed Why too much bleeding is to be feared Lâ—â—iments to hasten the falling way of the Eschar Against â—ating ulcers The praise of Aegyptiacum What a Carbuncle is The signes of a Carbuncle When so called Symptomes of Carbuncles How the matter of a Bubo Carbuncle differ Why it is deadly to have a sore come after the Feaver Huge postilent Abscesses commonly deadly Deadly Carbuncles A history How to distinguish purple spots from flea-bitings Why Emplastick very hot and great drawers are not good for a carbuncle A Cataplasme for a pestilent Carbuncle Another Other Cataplasmes The effect of Scabious against a pestilen Carbuncle A Radish root drawes out the venome powerfully The top of a Carbuncle when why and with what to be â—urneâ— The falling of the Eschar promiâ—eth health A twofold indication Why the adjacent parts are troubled with 〈◊〉 A fomentation for this
resolution What a liniment is Oyntments their differences Unguentum adstringens Unguentum nutritum Vnguentum aureum Vng Tetraphâ—…macum scu Basiâ—…m Ung. Diapompholygos Vng desiccatvum rubrum Ung. Enulatum Vng album Rhasis De Althaea Vng Populeuâ—… Vng Apostolorum Comâ—… Ung. pto stomacho Ung. ad morsus rubiosos ex li. 1. Gal. de comp sce genera 3. De comp med see gen What a Cerat is The differences Emplasters Signes of a plaster perfectly boyled The quantity of things to be put into plasters Empl. de Vigo with Mercury Ceratum oesipiex Philagrio Degratia Dei De janua seu de Betonica Emplastrum oxycroceum De cerusa Tripharmacum seu nigrum Diapalma seu diachalciteos Contrarupturam De mucaginibus De minio Diachylon magnum The use of plasters The matter of cataplasmes Their use Lib. 2. ad glaucubi deschirrho An anodine cataplasme A ripening cataplasme A discussing caplasme How pultisses differ from caplasmes A ripening cataplasme Their use 2. De victu iâ—â—cutis What an Embrocation is Their use What an Epitheme is In the sixth Chapter A cordiall Epitheme Their use The use of potentiall cauteries The matter of them The formes of them The signe of good Capitellum The faculty of the silken Cautery The cause of the name Their description The description of Mercury or Angelicall powder What vesicatorie and rubrifâ—ing medicines are The description of a vesicatory Their use What a collyrium is The difference of them Their use Their matter A repercussive collyrium An anodine A detergent What an errhine is Their differences The forme of one An errhine purging phlegme An errhine with powders A Rernutatory The matter of solid errhines Their use The manner of using them To whom they are hurtfull What an apophlegmatism is The differences The use of masticatories To whom hurtfull What a gargle is The differences thereof Their matter An astringent gargle An anodine gargle A detersive What a dentifrice is The differences The matter whereof they consist A powder for a Dentifricc Their usâ—… Whata bag or quilt is Their differences A quilt for the stomacke A cap for a cold head A quilt for the heart Their use What a fumigation is Their differences and matter A cephalicke sume For the hardnesse of the sinewes For the relicks of the Lues venerea The manner of using them The manner of a moist fumigation A moist fume for the eares What an insâ—… is The matter A halfe bath for the stone in the kidneies The use The manner of using it The faculties of Bathes Their differences Naturall Baths How to know whence the Bathes have their efficacy The condition of naturall sulphureous waters Of aluminous waters Of salt and nitious Oâ— bituminous Of brasen Of iron Of leaden Of hot baths To whom hurtfull The faculties of cold baths The Spaw Of artificiall baths The faculty of a bath of warme water Why wâ— put oile into baths Why we must not continue in the bath till we sweat A mollifying anodine bath Cautions to be observed in the use of baths The fittest time for bathing How to order the patient comming forth of the bath The differences of Stoves How made A vaporous stove or bath As the colour of the skin is such is the humour that is thereunder Waters wherewith to wash the face Compound liquors wherewith to wash the face Virgins 〈◊〉 The marrow of sheeps bones good to smooth the face How to makâ— Salcerussae How to paint the face Why worse in winter than in summer Diâ—â— Remedies An approved ointment To dry up the pustles To kill tettarâ— To smooth the skinne What things are fit to dy the haire How to wash Lime A water to black the haire To make the haire of a flaxen colour A depilatory Another Sweet waters Lavander water Clove water Sweet water What distillation is Foure degrees of heate What heate fittest for what things The matter the best for Fornaces A round forme the best for Fornaces Leaden vessells ill Brasse worse The best vessells for distillation Hot things must bee often distilled * By Aquavita in this and most other places is meant nothing but the spirit of 〈◊〉 The parts of an Alembecke Why those things that are distilled in Balneo retaine more of the strength of things What things neede not to be macerated before they bee dissolved The maceration of plants in their owne juice The varieties of stilled waters Rose water Restauratives Another way of making restorative Liquors Spirit of wine seaven times rectified The faculties of the spirit of wine The distilling of Wine and Vinegar is different The first way The second Lac Virginis Ch. 44. of suci Oiles by expression By infusion By distillation Oyle of Bay-berries Of Egges Oyle of S. Iohns wort Of Masticke What oyles are to be drawne by expression The first manner of drawing oiles by distillation Another way What oiles fall to the bottome The description of Pepper The uses thereof The Cinnamon tree 7. simp An excellent Cinnamon tree A signe that the spirit of wine hath fetcht out the strength of the ingredients A signe that the ingredients have loâ—â— their strength What a Retort is The differences of Gummes Cautions in distilling of gummes How to make oyle of Turpentinâ—… How to make oyle of waxe The faculties thereof How to make oyle of myrrhe How to give it a pleasing colour and smell Vesalius hiâ— balsame Fallopius hiâ— balsame What frankinâ—ense is The faculties thereof The signe of perfectly calcined vitrioll Why a Chirurgion must be carefull in making of Reports Why judgement is difficult Wounds teâ—med great for three respects How long a Chirurgion must suspend his judgement in some cases Generall signes whereby we judge of diseases Wounds deadly by the fault of the ayre Singnes of a fractured scull Signes of death by a wound on the head Signes that the throate is cut Signes that a wound hath pierced in the capâ—city of the chest Signes that the Lungs are wounded That the heart is wounded The midriffe The Vâ—…â—a and great Artery The spinall marrow The Liver The stomacke The spleene The guts The kidneyes The bladder The womb The Nerves Signes that an infant is smothered or over-layd Signes of such as are slaine by Lightning Lib. 2. cap. 54. Signes of wounds given to a living and dead man Signes whether on be hanged alive or dead Whether one found dead in the water came therein a live or dead 〈◊〉 such as are smothered by Charcoale Lib. 9. cap. 12. lib. 23. A history Sect. 5. Aph. 5. The occasion of the death of such as have the apoplexie Conditions of the ayre good to breath in Of the signes of virginitie Lib. de errâ—r popul Aph. 39. sect 5. Lib. 4. de hist animal cap. 20. Lib. 12. de subtilet A certificate of death Another in a doubtfull case In the losse of a member Another in the hurts of divers parts A caution in making report of a woman with child being killed The care of the
continue it keepe it longer in the wound there is some danger lest nature accustomed to that way may afterwards neglect to send the water through the urethra or urenary passage Neither must you forget to defend the parts neare to the wound with the following repercussive medicine to hinder the defluxion and inflammation which are incident by reason of the paine â„ž album ovorum nu iii. pul boli armeni sanguinis dracon an â„¥ iii. olei ros â„¥ i. pilorum leporinorum quantum sufficit make a medicine of the consistence of honey CHAP. XLIV How to lay the patient after the stone is taken away ALL things which we have recited being faithfully and diligently performed the patient shall be placed in his bed laying under him as it were a pillow filled with bran or oate chaffe to drinke up the urine which floweth from him You must have divers of these pillowes that they may bee changed as neede shall require Sometimes after the drawing forth of the stone the bloud in great quantity falleth into the Cod which unlesse you be carefull to provide against with discussing drying and consuming medicines it is to be feared that it may gangrenate Wherefore if any accidents happen in curing these kinde of wounds you must diligently withstand them After some few daies a warme injection shall be cast into the bladder by the wound consisting of the waters of plantain night-shade roses with a little syrupe of dried roses It wil help to temper the heat of the bladder caused both by the wound and contusion as also by the violent thrusting in of the instruments Also it sometimes happens that after the drawing forth of the stone clots of bloud and other impurity may fall into the urenary passage and so stop the urine that it cannot flow forth Therefore you must in like sort put a hollow probe for some daies into the urethra that keeping the passage open all the grosser filth may flow out together with the urine CHAP. XLV How to cure the wound made by the incision YOu must cure this wound after the manner of other bloody wounds to wit by agglutination and cicatrization the filth or such things as may hinder being taken away by detergent medicines The patient shall hasten the agglutination if hee lye crosse-legged and keep a slender diet untill the seventh or ninth day be past Hee must wholly abstaine from wine unlesse it bee very weak in stead thereof let him use a decoction of barly and licorish or mead or water and sugar or boyled water mixed with syrups of dryed roses maidenhaire and the like Let his meat bee ponado raisons stewed prunes chickens boiled with the cold seeds lettuce purslaine sorrell borage spinage and the like If he be bound in his belly a Physitian shall be called who may helpe it by appointing either Cassia a glister or some other kind of medicine as he shall thinke good CHAP. XLVI What cure is to be used to Ulcers when as the urine flowes through them long after the stone is drawne out MAny after the stone is drawneout cannot have the ulcer consolidated therefore the urine flowes out this way continually by little and little and against the patients will during the rest of his life unlesse the Surgeon helpe it Therefore the callous lippes of the wound must be amputated so to make a green wound of an old ulcer then must they bee tyed up and bound with the instrument wee terme a Retinaculum or stay this must be perforated with three holes answering to three other on the other side needles shall be thrust through these holes taking hold of much flesh and shall be knit about it then glutinative medicines shall be applyed such as are Venice Turpentine gum Elemi sanguis Draconis bole armenick and the like after five or sixe dayes the needles shall bee taken out and also the stay taken away For then you shall finde the wound almost glewed and there will nothing remaine but onely to cicatrize it The figure of a Retinaculum or Stay A. shewes the greater B. the lesser that you may know that you must use divers according to the different bignesse of the wound If a Retinaculum or stay be wanting you may conjoyne the lippes of the wound after this following manner Put two quilles somwhat longer than the wound on each side one and then presently thrust them through with needles having thread in them taking hold of the flesh between as often as need shall require then tying the thread upon them For thus the wound shall be agglutinated and the fleshy lips of the wound kept from being torne which would be in danger if the needle thread were onely used CHAP. XLVII How to take stones out of womens bladders WEE know by the same signes that the stone is in a womans bladder as we do in a mans yet it is far more easily searched by a Cathaeter for that the necke of the bladder in the shorter broader and the more streight Wherfore it may not onely be found by a Cathaeter put into the bladder but also by the fingers thrust into the necke of the womb turning them up towards the inner side of the Os pubis and placing the sicke woman in the same posture as we mentioned in the cure of men Yet you must observe that maides yonger than seven yeares old that are troubled with the stone cannot bee searched by the neck of the wombe without great violence Therefore the stone must be drawne from them by the same meanes as from boyes to wit by thrusting the fingers into the fundament for thus the stone being found out and the lower belly also pressed with the other hand it must be brought to the necke of the bladder and then drawn forth by the forementioned meanes Yet if the riper yeares of the patient permit it to bee done without violence the whole worke shall be more easily and happily performed by putting the fingers into the necke of the wombe for that the bladder is nearer the neck of the womb than it is to the right gut Wherfore the fingers thus thrust in a Cathaeter shall bee presently put into the necke of the bladder This Cathaeter must bee hollow or slit on the outside like those before described but not crooked but streight as you may perceive by the following figure A Cathaeter upon which being put into the Bladder the necke thereof may be cut to draw out a stone from a woman Upon this instrument the neck of the bladder may be cut and then with the Dilater made for the same purpose the incision shall bee dilated as much as need requites yet with this caution that seeing the necke of a womans bladder is the shorter it admits not so great dilatation as a mans for otherwise there is danger that it may come to the body of the bladder whence an unvoluntary shedding of the water may ensue and
it is of the same colour as the hair of the land-hare is it hath a hole in the head out of which hee putteth a certaine peece of flesh and pluckes it backe againe when as he is seene Paulus Aëtius Pliny Galen and Nicander are of one opinion and agree in this that if a woman big with child do too earnestly look upon one she will vomit presently after abort They which have drunk this poyson saith Dioscorides are troubled with paine in the belly and their urine is stopped If they doe make water then is it bloody they run downe with stinking sweat which smels of fish a cholericke vomiting sometimes mixed with blood ensues thereon Aëtius writes that all their bodies turne yellow their faces swell and their feete but chiefly their genitall member which is the cause they cannot make water freely Galen writes that it is the property of the Sea-hare to exulcerate the Lungs Their Antidote is Asses milke Muskedine or honyed Wine continually drunken or a decoction of the roots and leaves of Mallowes It is good for the falling away of the haire I have here given you the figure thereof out of Rondeletius his book of fishes The figure of a Sea-Hare CHAP. XXXIV Of the Poyson of Cats NOt onely the braine of a Cat being eaten is poysonous and deadly to man but also their haire their breath yea and their very presence to some prove deadly For although any hair devoured unawares may be enough to choake one by stopping the instruments of respiration yet the haires of cat by a certaine occult propertie are judged most dangerous in this case besides also their breath is infected with a certain hurtfull malignitie For Mathiolus saith that he knew some who being so delighted with Cats that they could never go to bed without them have by so often drawing in the aire with their breath fallen into a consumption of the Lungs which occasioned their death Moreover it is manifest that the very sight of their eies is hurtfull which appeares by this that some but seeing or hearing them presently fall downe in a sowne yet I would not judge that to happen by the malicious virulency of the Cat but also by the peculiar nature of the party and a quality generated with him and sent from heaven When as saith Mathiolus a certaine Germaine in winter time came with us into a stove to supper where as were divers of our acquaintance a certaine woman knowing this mans nature lest that hee should see her kitling which shee kept and so should goe away in a chafe she shut her up in a cupboard in the same chamber But for all that hee did not see her neither heard her cry yet within a little space when hee had drawne in the aire infected with the breath of the Cat that quality of temperament contrary or enemy to Cats being provoked he began to sweat to looke pale and to cry out all of us admiring it Here lies a Cat in some corner or other neither could he be quiet untill the Cat was taken away But such as have eaten the braines of a Cat are taken with often Vertigoes and now and then become foolish and mad they are helped by procuring vomit and taking the Antidote against this poyson that is halfe a Scruple of Muske dissolved and drunke in wine There bee some who prescribe the confection Diamoschâ—m to bee taken every morning foure houres before meat By this you may gather that it is not so fabulous that the common sort report that Cats will kill or harme children for lying to their mouthes with the weight of their whole bodies they hinder the passage forth of the fuliginous vapours and the motion of the Chest and infect and stifle the spirits of tender infants by the pestiferous aire and exhalation which they send forth CHAP. XXXV Of certaine poysonous Plants HAving described the poysons that come from living creatures I come to speake of such as are from Plants beginning with the Sardonian herb which is also called Apium risus this is a kinde of Ranunculus or Crow-foote and as it is thought the round leaved water Crow-foote called Marsh-crow-foote or speare-wort it taketh away the understanding of such as eate thereof and by a certaine distention of the nerves contracts the cheekes so that it makes them looke as if they laughed from this affect came that proverbiall speech of the Sardonian laughter taken in evill part His Bezoar as one may terme it is the juice of Balme The juice fruit and substance of Napellus taken inwardly killeth a man the same day or at the furthest in three dayes yea and such as escape the deadly force thereof by the speedy and convenient use of Antidotes fall into a hecticke feaver or consumption or become subject to the falling sicknesse as Avicen affirmeth And hence it is that barbarous people poyson their arrowes therewith For the lippes are forthwith inflamed and the tongue so swells that by reason thereof it cannot bee conteined in the mouth but hangs out with great horrour their eyes are enflamed and stand forth of their head and they are troubled with a Vertigo and sowning they become so weake that they cannot stirre their legges they are swollen and puffed in their bodies the violence of the poyson is so great The Antidote thereof is a certaine little creature like a Mouse which is bred and lives on the root of Napellus being dryed and drunke in pouder to the weight of two drammes In want hereof you may use the seed of Raddish or Turneps to drinke and anoint the body also with the oile of Scorpions Dorycinum and Solanum Manicum or deadly night-shade are not much different in their mortall symptomes or effects Dorycinum being drunke resembleth milk in tast it causeth continuall hicketting it troubleth the tongue with the weight of the humour it causeth blood to bee cast forth of the mouth and certaine mucous matter out of the belly like that which commeth away in the bloody fluxe A remedy hereto are all shell Fishes as well crude as roasted also sea-lobsters and crabbes and the broth or liquor wherein they are boyled being drunke Now the root of Solanum manicum drunke in the weight of one dram in wine causeth vaine and not unpleasing imaginations but double this quantity causeth a distraction or alienation of the minde for three dayes but foure times so much kills The remedies are the same as these prescribed against Dorycinum Henbane drunken or otherwise taken inwardly by the mouth causeth an alienation of the minde like drunkenness this also is accompanied with an agitation of the body and exolution of the spirits like sowning But amongst others this is a notable symptome that the patients so dote that they thinke themselves to be whipped whence their voice becomes so various that somtimes they bray like an asse or mule neigh like