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A86032 A treatise of the rickets being a diseas common to children. Wherin (among many other things) is shewed, 1. The essence 2. The causes 3. The signs 4. The remedies of the diseas. Published in Latin by Francis Glisson, George Bate, and Ahasuerus Regemorter; doctors in physick, and fellows of the Colledg of Physitians at London. Translated into English by Phil. Armin.; De rachitide, sive, Morbo puerili. English. Glisson, Francis, 1597-1677.; Bate, George, 1608-1669.; Regemorter, Assuerus, 1614-1650. 1651 (1651) Wing G860; Thomason E1267_1; ESTC R210557 205,329 373

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Maidenhair of each one handful Sage and Rosemary Flowers of each half a handful smal Raisons three ounces Spanish Liquoris half an ounce Mace two scruples Boyl them in six pound of Fountain Water take three pound of the Decoction and ad unto it three ounces of the Syrup of Maidenhair mingle them and make your Apozem Let the Child take a draught of it every morning another at four a clock in the afternoon and a third in the night if he then call for Drink yea if it pleas him let him take it for his ordinary Drink This is most proper for those who are sadly afflicted with the Rachites complicated with a cough and an obstruction of the Lungues Take the Leaves of Royal Osmond Hartstongue Liverwort Ceterach the Flowers of Tamerisk the Roots of the Male Fernbrake of each a handful Raisons two ounces white and red Sanders Sassafras Wood of each two drachms Coriander Seeds one drachm Mace one scruple Sage Leaves half a handful boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain Water according to art to three pound Let the Decoction be sweetned with Sugar or Honey for ordinary Drink This is best for such whose Liver is most afflicted Take Sasaperilla cut and beaten three ounces the Roots of China cut into little pieces two ounces Infuse and boyl them according to art in seven pound of fountain water to four and a half then ad two drams of Sassafras roots the roots of Osmond royal the leaves of Hartstongue Ceterach Maidenhair Archangel of each half an handful Spanish Liquoris two drams Mace a dram boyl them to three pound To the Decoction ad Honey or Sugar three ounces Mingle them for ordinary drink This is most conducible where there is suspition of the French Pox as also in Strumatical Affects Take the Flowers of Tamaris one handful the male Pauls Betony half an handful bruis them gently and infuse them in two pound of common Beer cold in a stone or glass Flaggon well stopt with Cork for the ordinary drink Take Sarsaperilla eight ounces China two ounces Sassafras half an ounce Ivory an ounce Osmond royal Palus Betony Hartstongue Ceterach Maidenhair Liverwort tops of dead Nettles of each two handfuls cut them and bruis according to art and boyl them in four gallons of new Ale till one be consumed then when you have taken it from the fire ad another gallon of the same Ale to it and when you have added it stir it up and down with a stick and when you have done so strain it and when you have strained it put the Ingredients in a Boulting-bag and put a piece of Iron into them and ad a bit of Leaven to it and hang it into the Ale with a string and let the Child drink it for its ordinary Drink so soon as it hath drunk half of it draw out the rest and stop it close in stone Bottles for the Childs use Take Wine of S●●ll half an ounce Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb two drams let the sick drink of it every morning for five or seven daies or longer unless some loosness of the Bowels or debility of the Stomach do advise a prohibition in which case instead of Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb take Syrup of dried Roses Broaths and Panadaes Take Hartstongue and Cetrach Liverwort Maiden-hair Sage of each half an handful the Bark of Tamaris red Sanders of each two drams Put them into the Belly of a Cock-Chicken or Hen or an old Cock Sew up the Belly and boyl it with two ounces of Malaga Raisins in a sufficient quantity of Fountain water adding also a sufficient quantity of pure Oatmeal flower Make your Broath and let it be soundly boyled Take the roots of China cut into smal bits two ounces white and medulous Sarsaperilla sliced and well beaten three ounces Infuse them for a night in ten pound of fountain water In the morning after a gentle bubling strain it and to the Decoction ad Harts-tongue and Pauls Betony of each an handful Mace half a dram Currance an ounce and with Mutton Veal or a Capon adding Oatmeal make your Broath according to art But if thinner Broths be more desired you may boyl a crust of Bread instead of the Oatmeal and if you would have it thicker you may mingle with it the yolks of Egs and grated Bread Moreover to help a weak concoction you may somtimes ad a few spoonfuls of Wine Panadaes also may be made of the same Broth strained and boyled again with grated Bread adding at length a little Butter and Sugar The same likewise may be made of the Decoctions even now prescribed unless peradventure they contain some bitter and unpleasing mixture Morrover the Panadaes and ordinary Broths may be altered with these ensuing Pouders and by consequence apropriated to the cure of this Affect if the Child desire Milk most let them be made in Milk if the Child desire it thick you may make it thick either with Flower or Oatmeal and if you mix a little Saffron with it it will be the better But if any thing in the Pouders do nausiate and offend the tast let them be omitted and substitute som other things that may be more acceptable to the Palat. Pouders and Electuaries Take the Roots but rather the Buds of the male Fernbrake scarce sprong out of the Earth and dried in a shady place the spike of Royal Osmond of each two drams Mace Anniseeds of each half a scruple Saffron half a grain make a Pouder The dose from half a scruple to a scruple in Milk or Posset drink some Decoction Broth or Panadaes Take the medulous part of the Root of Sarsaperilla two drams the Roots of China one dram the Root of Sassafras one scruple the seeds of Caraway and Coriander of each half a scruple the Roots of the male Fernbrake Osmond royal of each two scruples Mingle them and make a Pouder to be used as the former Take Wood-lice or as some Countries cal them Sows washed first in water and then in White-Wine afterwards calcined in a Crucible Bread dried as much as you pleas make them into a Pouder The dose is from half a scruple to a scruple either in Broth or any thing els In the same manner you may if you pleas prepare the Livers either of Frogs or yong Ravens We gave you the manner before Take of Flower of Brimstone two drams Diarrhodon Abbatis Diatrion santalon of each half a scruple Saffron half a grain refined Sugar three ounces All of them being made into very fine Pouder make them into a Past with a sufficient quantity of Rose water Dry them and when you pleas you may beat them into Pouder and give a dram of them at a time Take Conserv of Red Roses one ounce and an half Conserv of the flowers of Borage Archangel Sage Rosemary of each half an ounce Steel prepared one dram Cinnamon Spanish Liquoris of each half a dram Saffron half a scruple Red Sanders a scruple
the skin and move forward concoction which perfect the last part of the cure it ought in al right to be premised before them Purgative Medicines hitherto belonging are those that are observed to be friendly and agreable to Nature and withal such as open obstructions and strengthen the Bowels al which things whither any Simple can perform so wel as Rubarb we very much doubt Yet al those Simpl and Compound Medicaments proposed above in the Chapter of Remedies Electively evacuant may according to the Condition of the Patient and the Prudence of the Physitian be transplanted hither Som very much commend Beer in this case medicated with Rubarb Take Rubarb cut into any smal peeces two Drams Raisins stoned and slit one ounce smal Bear two pound put them into a Glass or stone flagon stopt with the best Cork set it in a very cold place and stir it very often but before you use it let it settle again a whol day then draw out the liquor for your ordinary drink When the flagon is empty fil it again with beer but put not in a new quantity of Rhubarb Moreover The most noble Aperients which both help concoction and repress unprofitable sweating are French Wine and Rhennish Wine But if there be any fear of their heat in this tender age they may be tempered with rosted Apples Borage or red rose-Rose-water adding a little Sugar and grated Nutmeg let them be also taken in a lesser quantity and only at meals They are likewise the most effectual Aperients which do not only help concoction but also strengthen the Tone of al the parts especially of the Bowels Among which we chiefly commend things made with steel as wine made with steel and the Electuary before named and the like Now although steel doth indeed effectually perform those things which we have said yet because it doth not in all respects answer to som other scopes of great moment in this affect but doth more hurt sometimes in one particular than it doth good in another we thought it expedient to subjoyn these following Cautions concerning the use therof First Seing that Steel is an enemy to the Lungs and doth easily stir a cruel flux of flegmatick matter in tender Bodies therfore you must totally abstain from the use therof where there is any Cathar Cough obstruction of the Lungs and much more if there be any Inflamation Pleurisie Blood-spitting or a proness of disposition to any of these affects Secondly Becaus Steel contributes little or nothing to the operation of the Blood but on the contrary however it may attenuat the tough and flegmatick part thereof doth rather expedit the separation therof from the other mass of Blood by reason of the tart quality that is predominent in it it cannot be admitted but with circumspection especially that inequality of the Blood being so importunat and urgent Thirdly Seing that the attenuating cutting and opening faculty in Steel is conjoyned with an apparent and extream driness and binding and therfore perhaps doth more compact those humors than dissolve and scatter them the use therof ought to be refrained at least suspected in any considerable Alogotrophy of the parts For the fear is lest it should bind too close and consolidate the short parts of the Bones those that are too scantily nourished wherby afterwards they may becom less prompt and apt to grow in length but the parts sticking out as also the convex sides of the Bones which are liberally nourished it cannot dissolve and then there may be a jealousie that it will too much confirm them and make them stubborn namly by an extream thickning and hardning of them Fourthly In all acute Feavers the use of Steel is hurtful because it over-dryeth and bindeth the Parts yea for that very regard that it restraineth Sweating and makes the humors more fierce and sharp These Cautions being rightly observed we admit the use of Steel in this Affect but becaus Mountebanks and Quacks cannot distinguish between the use and the abuse we would not perswade any to make tryal of this noble Medicine without the advise and counsel of some prudent and knowing Physitian becaus if it be not circumspectly administred the danger is very great Some other Aperients of less note may serve this scope as the Roots of Succhory or Borrage or Conserve of their Flowers the Roots of Grass Sparagus Fernbrake Madder the Leaves of Ceterach Spleenwort Maidenhair c. Among the Compounds Species Diatr santal Diarrhod abbat c. Or Take of the best Sugar three ounces dissolve it in Rose Water and boyl it a little beyond the consistence of a Syrup then ad Conserv of Barberies one ounce Diatri Santal and Diarrhod Abbat of each one dram pouder of Saffron one grain mingle them and make your Electuary The painful breeding and the aching of the Teeth are the familiar Symptoms of the Rachites and becaus they breed Feavers unquietness watchings and other evils they also deserve a peculiar mitigation if the Tooth therfore as it is working through the Gum puts the Child to very much pain you must without delay unless it were done before appoint some universal evacuation as a Vomit which is thought to be a potent remedy against the Toothach Now that may be moved by the only tickling of the Throat putting in a Feather or the Nurses Finger into the Childs mouth or else with rubbing the Tooth that is breaking forth with a Tobacco Leaf wrapped about the Nurses Finger and a little moistned with Beer or lastly by giving some vomiting draught above described But this remedy is forbidden reiteration in regard that it too much may weaken the Stomach The day following the pain persisting or returning some Cathartick Potion or Bolus among those above rehersed or like unto those must be administred After this universal Evacuation you must descend to Topical Remidies Nurses are wont to rub the Gums with Corral polished for that purpose But the Physitians do rather commend the Root of Marsh Mallows which do mollifie and loosen the Gums that they may obtain the more easie passage Others report it for a great secret to rub the aching Tooth with the Root of the sharpest Sorrel Others very much commend the rubbing of that Gum where the Tooth is coming out with a Cocks Comb newley cut off or with the hot Blood distilling from that Wound We have had no experience of those things which they use to instill into the Ears in like manner neither the Plaisters of Mastich Olibanum or red Lead which in those of full growth are observed to stop the Rhewm Others apply small Epispastick Plaisters behind the Ears which perhaps compel back the matter that breeds the pain in the Teeth But neither do we interpose our judgment concerning these things Only when Universals are unavailable we have recours to Hypnotical Remedies which indeed by outward application profit little but being taken inwards they are very helpful especially being rightly prepared and
require proper and peculiar remedies as Choler Medicines purging Choler Flegm Medicines purging flegm Melancholy Medicines purging Melancholy and waterish humors such as purge water Again If the Liver be oppressed with humors more than the other parts such Catharticks must be chosen as peculiarly belong to the Liver In like manner the Lungs being vehemently infested or the Brain and the other parts such remedies must be chosen as are appropriated to those parts But if there be not a ready supply of purging Simples peculiarly dedicated to those parts that defect must be made good by a prudent commixture of such ingredients as are familiar to those parts Lastly You must endeavor as much as possibly you can to make choice of such purgers as are directly opposite to the Essence of the Diseas In this respect we commend Rhubarb above al other simples For it is a Medicament moderatly hot and dry very familiar to the inherent Spirits of all the parts it gently dispelleth the stupefaction of the parts and strengthneth the softness loosness of the parts somwhat correcteth the internal slipperiness summons the Puls to the Arteries and encreaseth the heat of the outward parts and finally it cherisheth the vigor and activity of the inner parts and especially of those which are subservient to nourishment Ad in a word That it exceeding rarely provided that you give it in a just dose causeth superpurgation for it is a Medicament safe for all ages and every Complexion These things being premised we shal propound som simple purgative Medicines and som examples of the Compound For nothing hindreth but that many of the prerecited lenitives may be commodiously referred hither though in a different respect For there they are considered as quickners of the lenitives which of themselvs are somwhat dul But here rather as they qualify and attemper the violence of the strong Simple and Compound purging Medicines which are sold in the shops Manna Cassia fistula Tamarinds all the sorts of Myrobalans Rhubarb Aloes Syr. of Roses solut syr of Cichory with a double quantity of Rhubarb syrup Augustanus Scammony Agarick the seeds of bastard Saffron Mechoacan Jalap Turbith sweet Mercury syrup of Roses solutive with Agarick Epythymum Polypody of the oak Senna Syrup Magistralis against Melancholy syr of Apples of King Sapor Diabalzemer Electar lenitivum de prunis solut Electar passidat Diacatholicon Confectio Hamech Benedicta Lexativa Som Examples of extemporary Compounds Take syrrup Augustan one ounce syrrup of Roses solutive two drams Succhory water half an ounce to dissolv the syrrups make a potion to be administred in the morning upon an empty stomach Take the best Rhubarb beaten to pouder eighteen grains syrrup of Succhory with a double quantity of Rhubarb six drams syr ros solutive two drams water of the leavs of Fernbrake six drams mingle them for a potion this agreeth best with Cholerick Constitutions and such whose Livers are distempered Take the leavs of Senna Polypody of the Oak Epithymum of each a dram Rhubarb one scruple Christal of Tartar Fennel seeds of each a scrupel make an infusion in a sufficient quantity of fumitory water to the strayned infusion ad syrrup Magistralis six drams Cinnamon-Water seven drops els Langius his Antipeleptical Water half a scruple mingle them for a potion accomodated to Melancholy Constitutions Take the leavs of Senna two drams the pulp of Tamarinds six drams the seeds of Aniss Liquorice of each half a dram cremor of Tartar half a scruple make an infusion in a sufficient quantity of fountain water for the space of a night with three ounces of the strained infusion make an emulsion according to art with sweet Almonds blanched half an ounce The four greater cold seeds of each two scruples for two doses adding to each dose syrrup of succhory with a fourfold quantity of Rhubarb and the best Manna of each three drams This qualifieth and evacuateth sharp and adust humors Take lenitive electuary three drams Rhubarb a scruple Cremor Tartar and Anni-seeds of each half a scruple the flower of Burrage and Rosemary of each half a Pugil Fumatory water as much as is sufficient after you have infused them certain hours strain it through a thick Cloth And to an ounce and half of the infusion ad syrup of Apples of King Sapor half an ounce mix them together for a potion Take Elder flowers a pugil Rhubarb two scruples Jalap Mechoacan of each a scruple Cremor Tartar half a scruple Nutmegs fifteen grains first infuse them then boyl them gently in the water of broom flowers Rhennish Wine of each so much as is sufficient strain it And to an ounce and an half of the decoction ad syrup of Roses solutive half an ounce or six drams mix them together and make of them a potion which will be very agreable for such Bodies as are troubled with flegmatick or dropsical humors or a Cachexia Take of the leavs of senna a dram and an half Rhubarb two scruples Agrick trochiscated one scruple Tamarinds two drams Anni-seeds Cremor Tartar of each a scruple Rosemary flowers a pugil make an infusion in a sufficient quantity of fountain water and after a very gentle boyling to an ounce an half of the decoction ad syrup of Roses solutive with Agrick Magisterial syrup against Melancholy of each three drams mix them together for a potion to clense the Body of mixt humors Take the leavs of senna one dram and an half or two drams Agarick trochisc half a dram Fennel seeds half a dram flowrs of Chamomel ten in number Boil them in a sufficient quantity of fountain water and to ten drams or an ounce and an half of the decoction ad half an ounce or six drams of syrrup of Roses solutive with Agarick Manna three drams mingle them for a Potton dedicated to evacuate thick and Flegmatick Humors Take sweet Mercury fifteen grains conserv of violets one dram powder of Gum Dragon one grain Mingle them and make them into a Bolus with syrups of violets to be given in the morning drinking after it an ounce of syrup of Roses solutive dissolving a draught of posset drink This is most proper for such Children as are troubled as well with the Rachites as the worms and on the contrary also for such as have the French Pox complicate with the Rachites also to such as are troubled with a Struma Take sweet Mercury twelve grains Jalap eleven grains Nutmegs half a grain the pulp of Raisins a dram Mingle them and with syrup of Violets make a Bolus to be taken in the morning Instead of Jalap you may make use of Diagrydium to three or four grains This is proper for Children that are afflicted with Strumatical Affects and such as are suspected to have the French Pox and such as are difficultly purged and are averse from Remedies of an ungrateful tast Take of sweet Mercury a dram gummy Jallop half a scruple white sugar dissolved in Betony water three drams or half
beat such things as are reducible to pouder make an Electuary according to art with syrup of Succory with Rhubarb a sufficient quantity Let the Sick take half a dram two scruples or a dram every morning either by it self or in a spoonful of Posset-Ale or som appropriated Syrup or else in Wine Take Conserv of Archangel flowers one ounce the flowers of Sage Clove-Gilliflowers Rosemary-flowers Myrobalans candied in India Citron Pills candied of each half an ounce red Sanders Cinnamon Spanish Liquoris of each half a dram Salt of Steel or els Saffron half a scruple with a sufficient quantity of syrup of Wormwood make your Electuary The dose and manner of using it is the same with the former CHAP. XXXIV Remedies that correct the Symptoms SOme Symptoms supervening upon this Affect do somtimes anticipate the legitamat Method of Cure and require a particular manner of proceeding Of this sort are the flux of the Belly the Lask wherwith somwhat of a Lientery is frequently joyned profuse Sweats laborious and painful breeding Teeth and the Toothach The flux of the Belly doth very much follow this Affect which if it persevere for any long time it is either very violent and easily watereth the Spirits consumeth the solid parts manifestly puts on the nature of a caus and as a caus indicates it s own correction A Bloody-flux rarely hapneth with this Diseas But a Lask with exulcerations in the Guts or complicated with a Lientery is very useful For in respect of the debility to the parts subservient to digestion a Lask or a Lyentery may easily supervene but not a Bloudy-flux Yet there is a frequent concurrence of other causes as of the indigested nourishment vicious either in quantity or quality som feaver watchings worms painful breeding Teeth c. al which things do likewise easily occasion a Lask or Lyentery rather than a Bloudy-flux As for the Cure it is partly perfected by Purgations partly by astringent Remedies partly by such as open and partly by such as strengthen the parts These Purgers are most proper which leave behind an evident binding after evacuation as Rhubarb Senna Tamarinds Myrobalans c. out of which for the most part we frame a Bolus or Potions becaus they are most easily swallowed under those forms As Take Conserv of Red Roses half an ounce Rhubarb in Pouder twelve grains with a sufficient quantity of syrup of Coral make a Bolus to be given in the morning Take of the Pulp of Tamarinds one dram Rhubarb in Pouder seven grains Sugar of Roses half a dram with a sufficient quantity of syrup of Quinces make your Bolus Instead of this Syrup you may use syrup of Coral or syrup of Mint or syrup of Myrtles or syrup of Pomgranats Take Senna half a dram Rhubarb one scruple Tamarinds a dram and an half Anniseeds bruised ten grains Infuse them in a sufficient quantity of fountain water boyl them very gently and to an ounce and an half of the Decoction ad syrup of dried Roses half an ounce mingle them together for a Potion Take Plantan or Succory water or Saxifrage water one ounce Rhubarb in pouder ten grains syrup Augustan syrup of dried Roses of each two drams Mingle them and make your Potion It must be observed That a more full evacuation is somtimes requisit namly when the flux hath not been immoderat or of long continuance and in the mean time the matter offending hath bin copiously collected in the Body In which case in lieu of the Syrup of dried Roses you may take som drams of syrup of Roses solutive syr Augustan or of Succory with Rhubarb or Manna But commonly the safest way is to augment the dose of Rhubarb or els of Senna not omitting the syrup of dried Roses In the evening after the Purgation you may administer ten grains of Diascordium boyled in Wine with Cloves and a little Cinnamon and mixed with a third part of Erratick Poppy water and some cordial Syrups as Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers to strengthen the Spirits and to stay the Flux or if the Flux be stubborn you may mingle two drams of Diacodium for a dose instead of the Syrup aforesaid Or Take of Posset-drink made with white-Wine the Curd being taken off aromatize it with a little Saffron tied up in a rag crushing it gently between your Fingers Confectio Alkermes one scruple Pomgranat Pils in pouder seven grains Diacodium two drams mix them together to be taken when the Child is minded to sleep Or Take Laudanum according to the London Dispensatory half a grain Magister of Coral twelve grains Conserve of Clove-Gilliflowers or Red Roses one scruple with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Quinces make a Bolus to be taken at bed-time If there be obstructions you may prescribe Crocus M●rtis or Salt of Steel to be taken in the morning As Take Conserve of Roses one ounce the Roots of Succory preserved Myrobalans preserved in India of each half an ounce Salt of Steel half a scruple or Crocus Martis one scruple Cinnamon Liquoris red Coral of each eighteen grains Saffron a grain and a half Syrup of Succory without Rhubarb a sufficient quantity make your Electuary according to art wherof let the Child take half a dram each morning Red hot Iron may be quenched to the same purpose in its ordinary drink If the Child be troubled with a violent flux you may give it som binding Conserves imagin Conserve of Sloes and mix it with such things as the Child delights to eat but in so doing be sure you pleas its Palat. Somtimes a profuse and excessive sweating find a peculiar business for the Physitian in this affect for it very much wasts the Spirits and retards the cure of the diseas Yet caution must be used not to restrain it rashly if perhaps there be a Feaver or if any feaverish fit or immoderat heat hath gon before For in these cases it may be upon a critical time or at least it may bring more advantage to the Body by the mitigation of the Feaver than damage by the loss of the Spirits For we know not whether any thing doth more potently or indeed more sweetly expel the feaverish heat thā sweating In the interim when it floweth inordinately and causlesly it argueth that the Body is oppressed with obstructions with crude juyces and unprofitable superfluities which whilst Nature striveth to master and to subdu by that very labor the openness of the pores withal concurring it is evaporated by sweat and indeed an unprofitable one very laborious and such as wasteth the Spirits which therfore as soon as possible must be corrected This Hippocrates meant where he adviseth That that sweat which floweth away without cause requireth purgation For what can more commodiously diminish and dissipate these superfluities Again this motion is contrary to sweating wherfore it meriteth the preheminence among the remedies opposed to this Sympton and seing that it clears the way for Medicines aperient and such as strengthen
Belly or of the Abdomen and the Hypochondries somtimes lifting up the Bowels somtimes depressing them somtimes removing them towards the right somtimes towards the left hand and somtimes thrusting in the tops of the Fingers under the Bastard Ribs And Physitians hope and not without reason that by this action they may deliver the Liver from any preternatural growing with the Peritoneum if any such should chance to be And here we note by the way that such growing of that Bowel may easily happen in this affect by reason of the greatness of the Liver and the stretching of the Hypochondriacal parts wherupon the Peritoneum and the Membrane of the Liver are are most neerly and strictly conjoyned and being conjoyned may remain long in the same Position and so by the help of time they may easily grow together This growing together in as much as it dependeth as we have said upon the stretching of the Hypochondries and the bigness of the Liver it may not incongruously be referred to the secondary Essence of this Diseas namely to the organical parts viciated among which it deserves to be reckoned although above we chanced to omit it in its proper place and therfore we thought good to mention it here Thus much of Exercises now follow the External Applications CHAP. XXXVI Things to be Externally Applied THese remedies as we have said do not only prerequire Friction but for the most part they are administred with a gentle Friction Now they are either General or Universal respecting all parts alike or Particular and dedicated to certain Regions of the Body The matter of the Universals is almost the same with that which we have propounded above in the Chapterof Specifical Alterant Remedies but the matter of the particulars must be distinguished according to the variety of the Regions of the Body unto which they are applied The forms of either kind seem to be common and they are five in number Liquors Oyls Liniments Oyntments Playsters although Plaisters are dedicated rather to certain parts and never are at once applied to the whol Body Liquors that have been commended by long experience in this Affect are almost all kinds of Wine but especially Muskadine But some do prefer the Pruisian Beer which indeed may help much to strengthen and consolidate the Parts but very little or nothing at all to effect the equation of the Blood or an equal distribution of it The same judgment is also to be made of Aligant as also of red Wine Some instead of Wine use ordinary Aqua vitae which is beleeved to be nothing inferior to Wine Decoctions also may be prepared for the same use As Take the Roots of Royal Osmond the Leaves of Sage the Flowers of Marigolds the Leaves of Bay-tree Pauls Betony Hartstongue of each half an handful Rosemary red Roses dried of each one pugil boyl them in Fountain Water and ordinary Aqua vitae of each a pound to the consumption of the third part strain it and keep for your use Or Take the roots of the male Fernbrake one ounce the leaves of royal Osmond Clary Bay tree Sage Pauls Betony of each half a handful infuse them in some Wine and keep the strained liquor for your use But these Liquors are seldom or never administred alone but must be mixt with equal parts of Oyls Liniments or Ointments and indeed they must be used before a warm fire and rubbed on with a hot hand til they be dry Compound Oyls such as are approved in this Affect are very few and those ineffectual but there are many Simple Oyls as Oyl of Earth-worms Chamamile Marygold flowers Pauls Betony Neats-foot Oyl unto which you may also ad Oyl of Foxes Oyl of Whelps Oyl of Swallows provided that these last be prepared Simply by themselves without any commixture of extream hot ingredients Oyl of Exeter although some Practitioners use it and though it be a little hotter then is fit to be used alone to so tender an age as is troubled with this Diseas and so are other things which are vulgarly used as Oyl of Castoreum or Jacobi de Manliis and Ung. Antiparalyticis and other Ointments as de Nervino Martiato Aregon and the like And the reason is because such a numness afflicts not these as it doth such as are Paralitical nor the same Defect of Vital Spirits nor the same unequal distribution of nourishment But because this is a new Diseas if any desire Oyls Ointments or Liniments proper to the Evil let him make use of a right Method an able Physitian a specifical way either of Oyls or Ointments as we shal shew you by these examples Take the leaves of red Sage Betony Pimpernel Marygold flowrs of each two handfuls the roots of royal Osmund six ounces May Butter three pound white Wine half a pound cut the Herbs bruise the Roots and boil them according to art til the Wine be consumed Afterwards strain them being yet hot and put to them oyl of Nutmegs drawn by expression one ounce and an half mingl them diligently and after setling casting away the dregs make your Ointment which you may reserve in a glass Vessel for your use Or Take the leaves of Brooklime Chamomile Watercresses garden Scurvygrass Pauls Betony Motherwort Maiden-hair Hartstongue Ceterach Bayleavs the tops of Mint red Sage Rosemary Ivy-berries of each half a handful the Roots of royal Osmund four ounces Muscadale half a pound May Butuer three pound cut the Leaves bruis the Berries and boil them all to the consumption of the Wine strain it whilst it is hot and separating the pure substance from the setlings make an Ointment according to art Or Take the leavs of red Sage Pauls Betony Hartstongue stinking Gladon of each two handfuls the roots of royal Osmond six ounces the tops of Lavender Rosemary Bay-leavs of each a handful common Aquae vilae one pound Oyl of Neats-feet and Foxes of each half a pound Deers-suet or the suet of an Ox Oyl of Worms of each one pound boil them to the consumption of the Aquae vitae strain out the Ointment whilst it is hot and making a seperation of the dregs keep it for your use Fourthly Take the green leavs of royal Osmond six handfuls Pimpernels Morigold-flowrs the leavs of red Sage Clary Mother-wort Brook-lime Watercresses of each a handful the leavs of Rosemary Bay of each half a handful chop them together very smal and beat them diligently in a Marble or Wooden Morter with a wooden Pestle with six pound of unsalted Butter and so let them stand fourteen days then melt them gently in a Bath and as soon as they begin to be hot strain them and then put in a new quantity of Herbs as before at length strain and purify your Ointment and keep it for occasions To these general external Remedies som particular ones relating to som certain parts of the Body may be sub-joyned as if the region of the Abdomen especially the Hypocondria be stretched hard and
things let us now proceed to the Observations themselves These our Anatomical Observations are distinguished into those which do extrinsecally occur the Body being not yet opened and those which present themselves only upon the Dissection of the Body I. These of the former kind are they which are outwardly visible upon the first appearance of the naked dead Body 1 An irregularity or disproportion of the parts namely The Head bigger then ordinary and the Face fat and in good constitution in respect of the other parts And this indeed hath appeared in al those whom hitherto we have beheld to perish by this affect one only excepted who together with this Disease had suppurated Lungs and was pined and disfugured with the Physick Yet he also throughout the whole progresse of the Disease was full faced and had his head somewhat big but for about fourteen dayes before he Deceased on a sudden all the fleshy parts about his head consumed away and his face was like the picture of Hippocrates not without the just wonder of all those who beheld so sudden a change 2 The external members and the muscles of the whole Body were slender and extenuated as if they had been wasted with an Atrophy or a Consumption This for so much as we know is perpetually observed in those that die of this Disease 3 The whole Skin both the true and also the fleshy and fattish Membrane appeareth lank and hanging and loose like a Glove so that you would think it would contain a far greater quantity of flesh 4 About the joynts especially in the wrests and ankles certain swellings are conspicuous which if they be opened not in the fleshy or membranous parts but in the very ends of the bones you may perceave them to be rooted in their appendances and if you will file away those prominencies of the bones you will easily perceive them to be of the same similary substance with the other parts of the bones 5 The articles or joynts and the habits of all the external parts are less firm and rigid and more flexible then at another time they are observed to be in dead bodies and in particular the Neck after death is scarce stiffe with cold at least much less then in other Carkasses 6 The Brest is outwardly lean and very narrow especially under the arms and seemeth on the sides to be as it were compressed the Stern also is somwhat pointed like the Keel of a Ship or the breast of a Hen. 7 The top of the ribs to which the stern is conjoyned with gristles are knotty like unto the joynts of the Wrest and Ankles as we have already said 8 The Abdomen indeed outwardly in respect of the parts continent is lean but inwardly in respect of the parts contained it is somwhat sticking out and seemeth to be sweld and extended And these have been our Observations before the opening of the bellies II. The Abdomen being opened we have Noted these things 1 The Liver in all that we have dissected hath exceeded in bignesse but was well coloured and not much hardned nor contaminated by any other remarkable vice We desire som bodies should here be excepted in which other Diseases before death were complicated with this as in a Dropsie an extream Consumption we remember to have hapned 2 The Spleen namely so far as hitherto it hath been lawful for us to observe for the most part is not to be contemned whether you consider the magnitude the colour or the substance of it notwithstanding we do not deny but it may otherwise happen in regard of a complication with other Diseases 3 We have sometimes espied a wheyish water to have glided into the cavity of the Abdomen but indeed not often nor in any great plenty 4 The Stomach and Guts are somewhat more infected with flatulent humors then sound bodies usually are which partly may be the cause of that extension of the hypochondriacal parts above mentioned 5 The Mesentery is sometimes faultlesse and sometimes affected with glandulous excrescences bigger then ordinary if not with swelling bunches But concerning the sweet-breadwe declare nothing for a certainty only we suspect that obstructions if not a schirrhus may sometimes invade that part But thus we delegate to the enquiry of others 6 The Kidneys Ureters and Bladder unlesse there be a concomitancy of some other Disease are laudably sound We observe in general of all the Bowels contained in this Belly that although the parts containing them as we have noted above are very much extenuated and emaciated yet are they as large and as full if not larger and fuller then those seen in sound bodies as hath been said of the Liver III. The Sterne being with-drawn these things have presented themselves in the breast 1 A certain adherence or growing to of the Lungs with the Pleura which hath been more or lesse discernable in all the Bodies which hitherto we have cut up Yet we suppose that this affect may happen without any such nourishment although in the advancement of the Disease for the most part it cometh before the Patient die 2 The stopings or stuffings of the lungs are no less frequent especially in those coadhering parts Hard humours also engendered by a thick viscous and blackish bloud sometimes in one sometimes in many of the strings of the Lungs yet are not these alwayes conspicuous many times also Imposthums and Ulcers 3 One amongst us doth attest That he once saw glandulous knobs and bunches so numerous That they seemed to equallize if not exceed the magnitude of the Lungs themselves They were scituated on both sides between the Lungs and the Mediastinum that is the Membrane that divides the middle belly and were extended from the Canel-bone to the Diaphragma 4 In the cavity of the Breast we have sometimes seen a collection of wheyish waters indeed more frequently then in the cavity of the Abdomen but not in all 5 One amongst us hath likewise seen this affect complicated with a great Impostume and with the Ptysick the Stern being removed all the Lungs on the left side were infected with an Impostume and on every side growing to the Pleura and the humour being lightly crushed a copious thick and stinking Matter of a yellowish colour flowed out thorow the sharp artery into the very mouth The outward Membrane of the Lungs whereby they firmly adhered to the Pleura appeared thicker then ordinary and by the mediation of it the strings on that side did so grow together that you could scarce distinguish them ●or such the same Membrane also involved both the Lungs and also the Impostume it self which being opened the magnitude of the Imposthume was discernable which by the estimation of those that were present contained at the least two pound of water 6 The kernel in the Canel-bone in Childhood is alwayes observed to be great and perhaps greater yet in those who have died of this Disease IV. The Skull being
sawed thorow in a circular Figure and the little cover being removed we have observed these things 1 The Dura Mater hath been more firme and adhered to the Skul in more places then is usual in men of ripe years perhaps the same may be observed in other Children not affected with this evil although as we suppose not in so great a manner for certain it is That in new born Infants there are many and straight connexions between the Pericranian and the Dura Mater which are afterwards broken off and are scarce discernable 2 In some Bodies that we have dissected between the Dura and the Pia mater and in the very ventricles of the Brain we have found wheyish and waterish humours from whence it is manifest That this affect is complicated with the Hydrocephalus 3 We have found the Brain in others that we have opened to be firm and inculpable and not overflowed with any waterish congestions 4 Lastly We have observed in some Bodies lately opened That the Carotides have exceeded their just proportion and so also have the jugulary Veins but the Arteries and the Veins which are delated to the outward parts were of an unusual slendernesse But whether or no this be perpetual in this affect we cannot yet witnesse by an occular testimony yet we conjecture That it happeneth so perpetually but it came not sooner into our minds to examine it since the beginning of our Anatomical enquiries into this subject These things being premised our next Disquisition shall be to find out the Essence of the Disease CHAP. III. Certain Suppositions are proposed for the easier finding out of the Essence of the Disease First of the Essence of Health Secondly of the Essence of a Disease Thirdly of a threefold Division of Health and Diseases The Explication of the third Division and the Vse of the same The Description of a natural Constitution and the exaltation of it The Fourth Supposition of the Combination of three Constitutions in the same parts THat we may proceed the more distinctly and clearly in the finding out of the Essense of this Disease we judged it very advantagious to premise these subsequent Suppositions I That the Essence of Health doth consist in some Constitution of the Body according to Nature But seing this is twofold in the kind one Essential and necessary respecting the tò esse simply which during life continueth immoveable and immutable under various affections and is indivisible The other Accidental having reference to the tò bene esse which in respect of the whole Animal is both moveable and mutable and hath a great latitude and can be present or absent without the dissolution of the whole Health consists not in the former but in the latter Constitution II. That the Essence of a Disease in like manner consisteth not in the Essential Constitution For so the dissolution of the whole would by and by follow But in the Accidental Constitution namely such an one as in respect of the whole can be present or absent without its dissolution We have said and not without reason that this Constitution wherein Health and Sicknesse are founded is moveable and accidental in respect of the whole for even this also in respect of some part may be essential as for example a finger being cut off a Disease ariseth in the defective number of the parts which in respect of the whole is founded upon an accidental Constitution for that finger may be present or absent without the dissolution of the whole but in respect of the lost member it is founded upon an Essential Constitution for this Disease being supposed the Essence of that finger perisheth III. That the Constitution wherein the Essence both of Health and Sickness consisteth admits a threefold manner of division or distinction in the method of Discipline The first is somewhat thick and is resolved into parts altogether Concrete namely It proceedeth Kata topous according to the division of the parts from head to heel The second is purely abstracted and searcheth out all the Elements of the moveable Constitution from whence cometh the division of Diseases into similar organical and common and then again those various subdivisions into distempers faults of figure superficies cavities and passages of magnitude number site and continuity The third is as it were a middle manner and although it hath been hitherto neglected yet we dare avouch That it may have its use and that no contemptible one in the handling of Diseases and the finding out of the causes of the Disease and it is divided into a Constitution Natural Vital and Animal The first is proper to and inherent in every part absolutely competible to it and without any dependance upon the other parts according to the Essence of it simply This remaineth a while after death till it be resolved by Putrefaction Ambustion simple Exiccation Mummification Petrification and the like violent Causes This Constitution in respect of its simple Essence doth not depend upon those Members which minister an Influx but it dependeth upon them both in respect of its Conservation and likewise of its Operation For the vital influx ceasing after death which is as it were the salt and condiment of it quickly perisheth and as long as the creature liveth this is variously affected by the influxes and thereupon the actions are either promoved or interupted The Second is the Vital Constitution which is produced by that continual influx from the heart thorow the arteries into the parts of the whole Body This also it admitteth degrees and is often subject to variations more or lesse and sometimes also seemeth to suffer a kind of eclips as in a swouning a syncope c. yet it persevereth from the beginning to the last period of life at least in its fountain and in some other parts The Third is the Animal Constitution which is derived from the Brain thorow the Nerves into the Organs of Sense and Motion This is many times totally wanting in many parts the life notwithstanding remaining yea it might for a long time together be defective in several parts or all the parts did not respiration which is absolute necessary unto life depend upon it These Constitutions therefore keep such a connexion between themselves that the second doth eternally and continually presuppose the existence of the former and the third of the second but there is not back again so absolute a dependance between them because as we have even now said the former can for some time subsist without the second and the second commonly altogether without the third And these three Constitutions may in most bodies be manifestly perceived yet we affirm not that they may be found in all The Natural indeed and the Vital are wanting to no part but the Animal is defective in the Bones though the teeth will admit some doubt gristles perhaps ligaments and some substances as of the Liver Spleen c. we assert therefore this threefold Constitution to be in all those