good dyet let her take also Morning and Evening a Dose of Cephalick Powder or Electuary drinking after it a draught of Posset drink with the leaves of Sage or Betony or the Roots or Seeds of Poeony boiled in it Let the Infant take twice a day a spoonful of proper Distilled Water Let him have an Issue made in the nape of the Neck and let it lye sometimes on one side and sometimes on the other and rarely or never on its back If a Neck-lace of Coral or little balls of the Seeds or Roots of the male Poeony be worn about the Neck or at the pit of the Stomach it is not altogether useless if that in sleep being often and grievously shaken they are seen to be more dangerously troubled with this Distemper let Blisters be raised in the hinder part of the Neck or behind the Ears also Evening and Morning let there be daily given a Dose of the Powder of Ammoniacum or other proper Dose in a spoonful of Distilled Water or Iulep CHAP. VII Of the Vertigo or a turning round in the Head HAving viewed the exterior compass of either part of the Head and detected the Diseases which beset the sensitive soul about the first beginnings and last springs of the Animal Spirits we shall next descend to the middle part of the Brain where the phantasie and common sense reside and behold what kind of passions these parts are obnoxious to Concerning this in the first place we shall note that sometimes troops or rather mighty armies of Spirits inhabiting these places are affected and sometimes also small handfuls or bands then again many of them are affected together or else only a few at a time or they become Elastick from an heterogeneous Copula and so are compelled into inordinate motions or as it were explosive or shooting off as in the Epileptick fit or suffering an eclipse as in the Apoplexy are deprived of all motion Concerning the former disposition of the Spirits we have formerly treated largely enough and the astonishing Disease we shall handle afterwards But in this place we shall speak of a certain Passion or distemper belonging to these parts viz. the Vertigo in which a certain band or handful of the Spirits are affected and their motions are seen to be partly perverted and partly suppressed Being but little solicitous about the names by which the Vertigo is wont to be known we shall describe the nature or formal reason of it after this manner viz. The Vertigo is an Affection or Distemper in which the visible objects seem to turn round and the sick feel a perturbation or confusion of the Animal Spirits in the Brain that they do not rightly flow into the Nerves Wherefore the visive and the loco-motive faculties do often in some measure fail that those labouring with it fall and oftentimes are covered with darkness In this fit it is observed that the imagination and the common sense are in a manner deceived whilst they believe the quiet objects to be moved but the rational judgment remains for we understand our error and we presently ascribe this fallacy to the inordination of the Animal Spirits for that we plainly know that the spirits flowing within the Brain do decline from their wonted irradiation or beaming forth and do not rightly perform the offices of motion and sensation during the fit That we may find out the Morbific Cause and the preternatural manner of the Vertigo we shall inquire after what manner this same affection or Distemper how extempory or sudden soever it be is wont to be excited from non-natural things for men ordinarily become Vertiginous or have a turning in their head with a long turning round of the body looking down from an high place passing over Bridges Sailing and by Drunkenness and many other ways It will be worth our while to consider a little further the means of affecting by which these exterior actions stir up this turning or rolling about from whence it will the better appear what kind of intrinsick causes â—ay be able to excite this passion In the first place therefore when men are foâ—â—ome time turned about both in that motion all things seem to be turned about and also they ceasing from turning about that still continues in the phantasie so that the affected oftentimes fall to the ground further though they shut their eyes they still perceive as it were a turning round like the turning about of a Mill in the Brain The reason of these is not that the deception of the sight is first brought to the eyes and afterwards continued for some time because this affection is caused by the turning round of the body whether they look with or shut their eyes But indeed the cause of this apparition wholly depends upon the fluid substance of the animal spirits For that the spirits flowing within the Brain are even like to water or a thick heap of Vapors included in a Phial which being shaken round about together with the Vessel and made so to turn about continues for a time that motion though the Vessel stands still in like manner also when the body of a man is turned round about the spirits inhabiting the Brain from that turning about of the Head like the containing Vessel are agitated into spiral or round motions and when therefore they cannot irradiate the Nerves with their wonted influx and direct beams from hence oftentimes a Scotomy or dizzness and a failing of the feet together with a rotation or whirling about of visible objects are induced The visible Hemisphere seems to turn round because as the sensible impression is received by the means of the recipient so the objects as the spirits seem to be moved round about Secondly looking from on high and passing over Bridges stir up a Vertigo or giddiness in the Head for that there is a terror cast on the imagination from unaccustomed objects as also from the site of the body or going in danger whence that being very solicitous how it should rightly order and more firmly direct the spirits into the bodies of the Nerves calls them back into the middle part of the Brain and so perverts them from their wonted afflux and irradiation and whilst it indeavours to set their battel in better array and to direct them more surely by too great a care drives them into a certain confusion and irregular motion Wherefore 't is observed that drunken men and very bold because they are not careful or solicitous concerning the guiding of the animal spirits suffer no such thing Sailing or riding in a Coach causes a turning in the Head by the like reason as the turning round of the Body because the very fluid spirits being too much agitated like water shaken in a Glass leap hither and thither disorderly Further it is wholly for the same reason why many going by Ship or by Coach are subject also to cruel Vomiting to wit because the spirits being snatched
in the compounded Poeony water and boiled up to the consistency of Lozenges six ounces make Lozenges according to art weighing each half a dram Eat of them three or four twice in a day drinking after every Dose of the liquors before mentioned Take of the Powder of Virginian Snakeweed two drams of the lesseâ— Galingal one dram of the gummed extracts of the remains of the distillation of the Elixir Vitae of Quercitan two drams of the Flowers of Sal Armoniack or the most pure Volatile Salt of Sut or Harts-horn one dram of the Balsom of Peru one scruple of the Balsom of Capivus what will suffice to make a mass let it be made into small Pills involved in the Species Diambre The Dose is half a dram evening or morning Take of the Resine or Gum of Guaicum three drams of the Species Diambre one dram of the Chymical Oyl of Guaicum rightly rectified one dram and a half of liquid Amber what will suffice to make a mass let it be formed into Pills to be taken after the same manner If that the Palsie happens in a Cholerick temper or to a young Man it admits only of milder Medicines and all the more hot things and Elastick do but imbitter the Disease The following forms are in use for the taking away of its foregoing cause Take of the Conserves of the Flowers of Betony of Fumitory of Primroses each two ounces of the Species Diambre one dram of Ivory Crabs Eyes and Claws each four scruples of the Powder of the Flowers of Poeony two drams of Lignum Aloes of yellow Sanders each one dram of the Salt of Wormwood one dram and a half and with the Syrup of the Flowers of Poeony what will suffice make an Electuary The Dose is two drams twice in a day drinking after it either the simple water of the Flowers of Aron or of the following Compounded Water three ounces or of the Decoction of Sage with the leaves of Tea infused in it four or six ounces Take of the Roots of Aron or Cuckopint of the male Poeony Angelica Imperatoria each half a pound of the Flowers of Sage Rosemary Marjoram Brooklime Water-Cresses each four handfuls of the rinds of six Oranges and four Lemons of Primroses Cowslips Marigold flowers each three handfuls let them be all bruised and cut and pour to them of new Milk six pints of Malaga Wine one quart distil them in common Stils and let the whole liquor be mixed together Sometimes instead of the Electuary may be taken between whiles for fourteen or fifteen days of the Syrup of Steel of which let one spoonful be taken in three ounces of the distilled Water It may be made after this manner Take of the whitest Sugar dissolved in black Cherry Water and boil'd up to a consistency eight ounces adding to it of our Steel in Powder three drams let them be stirred together over the fire and then by degrees pour to it of the Water of Rosemary warm twelve ounces let it boil gently for a quarter of an hour scumming it and pouring it forth warm thorow an hair sieve or strainer There may be also made steeled Lozenges after this manner to wit with Sugar sufficiently boiled with Steel adding of the Chymical Oyl of Amber or of Rosemary half a dram and presently let it be poured forth that it may flow into a consistency of Lozenges The Dose is two drams twice in a day drinking after it of distilled Water or of the following Apozem six ounces Take of China Root one ounce of the shavings of Ivory Harts-born each half an ounce of white and yellow Sanders of the Wood of the Mastick-tree each half an ounce let them be infused in warm water and close stopt for a whole night six pints in the morning add to them of the Roots of Chervil of sweet smelling Avens of Broom and Parsley each one ounce and a half of the dryed leaves of ground Ivy Sage Germander Betony each one handful of Coriander seeds three drams let them be boiled till half is consumed then add to it of white Wine half a pint and strain it into a jugg upon the leaves of Water-Cresses bruised two handful Let it infuse warm and close shut for two hours strain it again and keep it in a close Vessel well stopt In the Scorbutick Palsie the Juices and expressions of Herbs do often bring notable help Take of the leaves of Brooklime Water-Cresses and Plantan fresh gathered each four handfuls bruise them together and pour to them of the distilled Water but now described eight ounces squeese the juice strongly forth and keep it in a glass and take of it twice or thrice in a day three or four ounces At the extream Physical hours viz. Morning and Evening may be taken these following Pills Take of Millipedes prepared three drams and a half of Pearls one dram and a half of the Root of the Cretick Dittany one dram Venice Turpentine what will suffice to make a mass let it be formed into small Pills the Dose is half a dram drinking after it a draught of the distilled Water For ordinary drink let there be prescribed either a Bochet of Sarse China yellow Sanders c. or small Ale with the dryed leaves of ground Ivy boiled in it and of Sage with the Wood of Sassafras infused therein 2. Whilst these things are doing for the taking away the foregoing cause of the Disease there is no less a curatory care required for its conjunct cause to wit that all obstructed places being opened they might admit the Animal Spirits free from stupefaction and that they may pass freely thorow There are two chief kinds of Remedies which conduce to those ends viz. one particular and private to be applied to the distemper'd places to wit that by Fomentations Oyntments Plasters and such like outward applications the sleepy Spirits might be awakned and their passages opened the other universal to wit that the Blood and Spirits and the other humors and the active Particles flowing in the whole Body being very much agitated and put into a rapit motion like a torrent they might cast down and remove all impacted heaps or stays by which the Spirits are obstructed The administrations used to the distempered parts are so ordinarily and commonly known that it were superfluous to insist here on the describing them more largely First Liniments made out of Oyls Oyntments and Balsoms are to be applied according to the temper of the Patient more or less hot and with frictions or strong rubbing twice a day Sometimes before these are made use of Fomentations made of Cephalick Herbs or spices boiled in Spring Water adding to it sometimes Strong Waters Wine or Bear or their Lees. Further oftentimes it is convenient to make about the distemper'd places Blisters and to use Cupping-glasses and Medicines to take away the hairs and to raise pimples Little Bags and Plasters often help Moreover
Medicines and Purging unless very gentle have very rarely any place here Cataplasms of Rue Chamomel Vervine Bryony Roots red Poppies with Sope may be laid all over the Feet or instead of them may be applied Pigeons or Chickens cut up and laid warm In the mean time as you see occasion there ought to be prescribed Iuleps Apozems Powders and Confections by which the rage of the Blood and the burning of the Animal Spirits may be allayed Take of Pipin Water Black Cherry Water and Cowslip Water each four ounces Water of the whole Citrons two ounces of Pearl powder'd one dram of Syrup of the juice of Citron one ounce mingle them and make a Iulep let three ounces be taken three or four times in a day Take of Grass Roots of the Leaves of Wood-Sorrel and Pimpernel each one handful of Barly half an ounce of Apples cut of Currans or Strawberries or Rasberries one handful let them be boiled in four pints of spring-spring-water till a third part be consumed clarifie it and strain it then add to it of the Syrup of Violets one ounce and of Sal Prunella a dram and a half Take of the Leaves of Borage fresh gathered and young four handfuls of Wood-Sorrel two handfuls two Apples sliced of Sal Prunella two drams the pulp of one Orange of white Sugar one ounce let them be bruised together and pour to them of spring-spring-water two or three pints let them be strongly squeezed forth and kept in a Glass and cleared from its setling let six or seven ounces be taken of this often in a day when they will For the quenching of thirst let the excellent drink of Palmerus viz. spring-Spring-water with Sugar and the juice of Lemons or Water or Posset-drink with Elm leaves or Pimpernel infused or boiled in it be drunk Emulsions of the Decoction of the roots and flowers of Water-Lilies with Melon-seeds or else spring-Spring-water distilled with the pulp of boiled Apples dissolved in it Hypnoticks or Medicines causing rest are often very necessary in this Disease but yet the stronger are not convenient in the beginning nor let them be frequently used because sleep caused by Opiates carries more morbific matter to the Brain and fixes it more deeply there Take of the Water of Cowslip flowers four ounces of the Syrup of Poppies half an ounce of Pearl one scruple make a drink to be taken at night late Take of the Seeds of white Poppy two drams of Sugar-Candy a dram and a half bruise them together and pour to them of white Poppy Water six ounces make an expression to be taken after the same manner Narcoticks or Stupefying Medicines which are made of things meerly cold are cautiously to be exhibited because they agree not with some who have the Fibres of their Stomach very tender and sensible I have often observed these kind of Hypnoticks to have stirred up a great oppression in the Ventricle and then presently an Inflation or blowing of it up and a little after distractions and inordinations of Spirits use to follow in the Brain yea in the whole Body so that there was not only a frustration of sleep but great disquietness was stirred up Take of liquid Luadanum prepared with the Salt of Tartar or the juice of Quinces Let a Dose of it be taken in a convenient liquor Things inviting Sleep as Epithems or moist Medicines applied to the Temples and Forehead are often used with success of which sort are Rose-cakes dipt in Vinegar Rose-water and grated Nutmeg and Embrocation or washing with Water or Milk Oyntments of Oyl of Nutmeg by expression Oyntment of Poplar to which sometimes may be added of Opium five or six grains or a Cake of Poppy flowers with Vinegar and Nutmeg c. Further for this end rather than for the taking away the inflammation of the Meninges the hot Lungs of a Lamb or Weather as also Pigeons or Chickins slit in two do often give notable help Also for this use Housleek bruised and mixt with a Womans Milk and applied to the hinder part of the Head being shaved is wonderfully praised Also the Epithem of Penotus of twelve grains of Nutmeg of Camphir half a scruple and the Tincture of rose-Rose-water impregnated with red Sanders twenty ounces is commended by some Further they are wont to apply Epithens not only to the Head but also to the Heart Liver and other parts A little bag of silk may be applied to the Praecordia with Cardiac Species being sewed or quilted in it with silk and sprinkled with Rose-water or Vinegar of Roses also rags wet in Rose Vinegar may be laid to the Testicles The Feet way be hathed with a Decoction of Willow leaves Lettice or the heads of white Poppy But these kind of cooling Topicks only and cherishers are to be used in the beginning of the Disease but in its height resolves and softners are to be added as the Flowers of Chamomel Melilot Elder c. also the leaves of Mallows Orage Marjoram Hysop and such like In the declining of the Disease resolvers only and those sparingly are to be administred In the mean time there ought to be great means used for keeping up of strenght for that too much failing all hopes of Cure is lost For strength is quickly worn out by reason of great watchings the perpetual agitations both of the body and mind a thin Dyet and Phlebotomy sometimes often requisite Wherefore great care must be had lest whilst we endeavour to root out the Disease by Purging or frequent letting of Blood we should suddenly debilitate the Vital Function If this begins to fail the Phrensie being let alone a better dyet may be granted and especially Cordialls are to be used Take of the Tincture of Coral half an ounce take of it twenty drops twice or thrice in a day with a Dose of a Cephalick or a Cordial Iulep or let it be given with Coral dissolved in Milk made with the juice of Oranges one spoonful often in a day Take of the Rob or Conserves of Rasberries and Barberies one ounce of prepared Pearl of Magistery of Coral each one dram of Confection of Hyacinthae two drams Syrup of the juice of Alchermes what will suffice make a Confection and let the quantity of a Nutmeg be taken three or four times a day drinking after it of the following Iulep three ounces Take of the Water of the Flowers of Water-Lilies red Roses and of Elm leaves each three ounces of the Syrup of Coral two ounces of the Cordial Water of Saxony one dram mingle them Take of the Conserves of the Flowers of Water-Lilies and of Violets each one ounce the Stalks of Lettice candied or preserved half an ounce of the Powder of red Coral bruised in a morter with the juice of Orange and dryed two drams of the Species of Diamarg frigid one dram of white Poppy seeds one dram and a half with what will suffice of the Syrup of the
let there be prepared Carminative Decoctions or such as expel wind or bitter Decoctions in which are dissolved Electuary Diacatholicon Diaphoenicon or of Laurel berries or Species Hierae Also to these Liquors it is usual to add the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum three or four ounces or of the Emollient Decoction one pint add of Venice Treacle dissolved with the yolk of an Egg one ounce or an ounce and a half or Take of sound Vrine one pint of Venice Turpentine dissolved one ounce and a half of Molossus one ounce mix them and make a Clyster I have known this oftentimes to bring great help the reason of which seems to be for that the Balsamick Particles of the Turpentine comfort the Intestines and besides being received by the Blood in the Veins and with it circulated thorow the whole Body moves the Urine so that by such a Clyster plenty of water follows and always is rendred with a smell like Violets Perhaps also the Particles of the Turpentine being every where diffused either move the stagnating Morbific matter or incline the acetous or otherways degenerate to a better disposition Whilst the Intestines are thus washed with Clysters and are cherished within Fomentations are likewise to be applied to the outer parts of the Belly Take of the leaves of both the Mallows of Mercury of Pellitory each four handfuls of the Flowers of Elder Chamomil and Melilot each two handfuls the head of a Sheep cut in pieces Let them be boiled in as much spring-Spring-water as will suffice strain it and use it for a Fomentation with hot linnen stuphes dipt in it and wrung forth and shifting them apply them by turns Repeating them as often as the more strong pains do come upon them In the intervals Pultesses or Oyntments may be administer'd Make a Pultess of bruised Herbs adding to it of oaten meal what will suffice which may be laid to the belly covering it with little square bags made for that purpose Let one of these at a time be made hot in a pan set over hot coals with the Oyl of Earth-worms or of Frogs lay them on warm shifting them as soon as one grows cold Or Take of the Oyl of Earth-worms or of Frogs what will suffice and anoint the pained part after the Fomentation and lay upon it a thin sheet of fine brown paper dipt in it The Caul of a Lamb or the Lungs or the Inwards of any other Beast being laid warm to the Belly and so shifted sometimes wonderfully eases the pain I have observed in some Constitutions and temperaments that Fomentations or Bathings made of hot things and applied hot have rather made the pains worse than eased them wherefore in these cases it will seem good to prescribe Fomentations of the solutions of Nitre or of Sal Armoniack or other Chymical Liquors as in the pains of the Gout and sometimes as Septalius says of pure cold water But if the torments of the Belly do not remit by the use of these Hypnoticks must be used which being given in a just Dose oftentimes give great truces In the mean time that the tired Spirits may be refreshed and strength preserved there must be yet instituted a farther provision against the Disease Take of liquid Landanum Tartarisated from sixteen drops to twenty let it be given going to sleep in a spoonful of the water of Chamomil flowers drinking after it six spoonfuls of the same water Let it be repeated every other or every third night if the pains be very great In a more hot Constitution Take of the water of Chamomil flowers three ounces of the Syrup of Poppies half an ounce of Aqua mirabilis two drams make a draught to be taken at the hour of Sleep In the mean time whilst these things are doing for the allaying the pains evacuating Remedies have their turns for the discussing or at least for the loosning the matter impacted in the morbid nests to wit that both the Colick Mine may be wholly extirpated and also that the supplements or its cherishment be cut off that they may not more increase For these ends a Vomit where it is convenient and a gentle purging ought to be ordered and also in an hot temperament where there is a Feavour or where it is feared letting of Blood Take of the Sulphur of Antimony from five grains to seven or eight of the Conserves of Borrage one Dram let it be given in the Morning with government In this case may be given according to the judgment of the Physician present either an Infusion of Crocus Metallorum or of Mercurius Vitae The Emerick Tartar of Mynsicht the expression of the leaves of Asarum and in more tender Constitutions Salt of Vitriol and Wine and Oxymel of Squills Purges must be given only in a small Dose and such as are choice lest they move a nauseousness in the stomach of the sick Take of the Resine of Ialap of Scammony each five grains of the Cream of Tartar one scruple of Cinnamon powdered four grains make a Powder or let it be reduced into Pills or into a Bolus with the Conserves of the Flowers of Borrage or Damask Roses Take of Scammony sulphurated half a scruple of the Cream of Tartar fifteen grains of Diaphoretick Antimony one scruple make a Powder and let it be given after the same manner If there be not a Feavour a Dose of Stomach Pills cum Gummi may be given or of Amber by it self or with the Resine of Ialap Take of Pill Rudii twenty five Grains or half a dram of Laudamon one grain make four Pills let them be taken at the hour of rest These at first cause sleep and Purge in the morning Or Take of Calomelanos one scruple of the Resine of Ialap six grains of Scammony four grains of Ammoniacum what will suffice make four Pills to be taken going to rest In a long and tedious Colick when all other Remedies help little or nothing I have often known this Medicine being once or twice given to have moved Salivation with the greatest ease to the sick For when the morbific matter being heaped together and thorowly impacted in the nervous Infoldings and other places about the Abdomen could not be moved by any other Medicines the Mercurial Particles every way unfolding themselves easily dissolve it and divide it into small bits and drive it up and down hither and thither and at length wholly dissipate it Wherefore in a long and pertinacious Colick a gentle Salivation sometimes may be very happily administer'd Baths and Sweating Medicines are ordinarily wont to be prescribed in the pains of the Colick but as to our observation very rarely with success For that these by shaking the Blood and nervous humor cause them to lay up still more matter into the Colick Mine yea and that matter there deposited to grow more hot and raging and very rarely wholly shake it off Diureticks are wont
burning Water like the Lees of Wine distilled after the same fashion In both these and in the following Instance the additional sweetnesses are bruised by the saline little darts Sugar of Lead being fused by the fire melts into meer Lead if it be distilled in a Retort if we may believe Beguinus it will produce a burning and sweet smelling Spirit 8. The unctuous or oyly savour seems to be produced when the Particles of any Body are very Spherical and round which neither hawl prick nor tickle the Sensory but only stroke it with a gentle and soft coming to it In these the Sulphureous Principle predominates First Bodies naturally Unctuous or oyly among Vegetables are ripe Olives the Turpentine-Tree The Larix and some sweet smelling Gums naturally sweating forth Among Minerals Asphaltum Bitumen Amber Sperma Ceti and some fat Earths and Ochers Of Animals and their Parts the Sewet Marrow and Fat. Secondly Unctuous things prepared by Art are Butter Cream Oyls press'd out of Fruits and Seeds as Oyl of Nuts of sweet Almonds also Oyls drawn out of Seeds Woods Gums and Refines by distillation Thirdly Althô unctuosity is most difficulty taken away from the Subjects yet it is wont to be lessen'd for so Unctuous Bodies if they grow stale or are too much boiled or otherways grow hot by shaking losing their smoothness become rank and prick and dig the Sensory Further Sewet and Fat if they be long exposed to a moist Air contract a settlement and become hoary and then are resolved into Water or a corrupt Earth In this and in the former instance whil'st the mixture of the Body is resolved some Sulphureous Particles fly away in the mean time the remaining lose their Dominion 9. An insipid Savour or Taste seems to be made when the Particles of any Body are indued with superficial little Darts not at all sharp but smooth and discharged which enter not into the Pores of the Sensory and no ways dig or hawl it In these the Principle either of Water or Earth predominate over the rest First Bodies naturally insipid or tastless are Common Water especially Rain Water some cold Herbs the raw white of an Egg c. Althô in the whole world there is nothing insipid simply yet Speech is wont to apply it to them things in which some one of those Savours are not eminently which we have before recounted Secondly That Savory things may become Unsavory the more acute Particles ought wholly to fly away or be very much broken Herbs long kept also many more things if they be distilled by a moderate heat yield almost an insipid Liquor Thirdly Insipidness it self sometimes is taken away for insipid Water if it stand long that it putrifie acquires a stink and mouldy Savour The white of an Egg boiled hard has something a sharp taste In these kind of Instances some active Elements being before subjugated get strength Besides these Kinds of simple Savours which are as it were the Elements of the rest there remain yet many Complications of these simple ones as the Savours rehearsed are conjoyned one among another And for as much as by the Wisdom of Nature to satisfie all Palates and by the Luxury of Art that she might please the Throats of some manifold mixtures of Savours have been produced that almost nothing to be eaten is found simple and without Sawce or Condiment The several Compositions of these is a thing almost impossible to enumerate it shall suffice for the present that we note some of the more noted Conjugations and their Affections as they are grateful or ingrateful to the Palate The first Conjugation and that most grateful to the Palate is of acid and sweet of which sort are generous Wine Confections prepared out of Citron Wood-Sorrel Berberries c. Sugar'd things and sharp things pickl'd with Sugar Secondly Sweet and Astringent as also sweet and sower are well Consociated as in Marmalade of Quinces Candied Bulloes Cyder drunk with Sugar c. Thirdly Sweet and oyly yield a grateful Savour to the Palate but that brings a nauseousness to the Stomach as in Milk-meats Sugar'd-meats and Pasty-crust c. Fourthly Sweet agrees not with biting bitter or salt Savour Fifthly nor doth a bitter Savour of it self agree with any other it is grateful to the Palate well-tempered with the sweet Sixthly Salt-savour best agrees with the biting sharp as in flesh seasoned with Salt and Pepper it is an ingrateful Sawce with the oyly Seventhly The Acid Astringent and Sower are well associated with the sweet not with the rest There are more Kinds of some other Compounded Savours which we have no time now to recount But there are in respect of the Taste as the Compounded Tunes of Harmony in respect of Hearing in both sensible not simple Species of one Kind but are carried manifold and variously Complicated to the Sensory It now remains for us to pass from the Taste the Object of which we have largely handled to the other Species of the Senses CHAP. XIII Of the Sense of Smelling IT seems that the Smell is a more Excellent and a little more Sublime Faculty than either Tasting or Touching to wit because its Object is more subtle and comes to the Sensory with a thinner Consistency for there is no need to put upon the Organ the more thick substance of the mixture but it suffices that the Effluvia's or Breath sent from odorous Bodies thô at something a remote distance be inspired into the Nostrils together with the Air. Living Creatures are furnished with the Sense of Smelling for this end to wit that agreeable and wholesom Aliments may be known and discerned from disagreeable and hurtful for because it were an incongruous and dangerous thing to take in presently into the Mouth all things offered to be eaten and to be examined by the Taste lest perchance Venomous and Stinking things carelesly taken in by the Palate should bring loathing or hurt to it the Smell examines first the thing at a distance and refuses those rotten things or guilty of any other very infestous quality without receiving any hurt by the Contagion This Kind of Primary use is seen more excellently in brute Animals than in Man for they by this Index only most certainly know the Virtues of Herbs and of other Bodies before unknown yea hunt out and easily find their absent Food thô hidden from them by the Smell But that the Noses of Men are less quick or sagacious it ought not as some would have it to be ascribed to the abuse of the Faculty but the Cause lyes in the defect of the Organ it self for this is not so accurately required for the distinction of Humane Food where Reason and the Intellect are present For that Reason the inferior Powers in Man exist less perfect by Nature that there might be a place left for the exercise and dressing of the more superior As to what
in the fault more often other humors being carried by its passage to the Head and there disposed cause the hurt Therefore when ever the Serous Colluvies or heap goes out from the Blood as was shown but now it causes Headaches frequently the signs of which are Catarrhs about other parts viz. the Nose Mouth or Throat being infested with them then abstinency and rest is to be ordered and that the belly be emptied by a Clyster for the allaying the flux of the Serum and that the matter be suffered to evaporate from the Membranes of the Head if these do not succeed and that the Headach ceases not quickly and of its own accord oftentimes in a more hot Constitution Phlebotomy is convenient to wit because the Vessels being emptied of Blood sup up the extravasated Serum But in frigid tempers Vesicatories or Blisters are of notable use applied to the hinder-part of the Head or nigh the Ears Then after the Belly is emptied by a Clyster the Flux may be allayed by the use of Anodynes or more gentle opiats that being allayed it may be convenient to exhibit a gentle Purge then Medicines which either move by Urine or Sweat or by both together that so they may gently evacuate the superfluous Serosities Medicines fit for this purpose may be every where found in Books which notwithstanding are not to be made use of by Empericks rashly and without distinction but ought to be designed according to the judgment and skill of a prudent Physician always having a respect to the Constitution the temperament and proper disposition of the Patient and to other accidents and circumstances and to be compounded or altered according as the matter requires yea sometimes to be prescribed extempore Wherefore since it will be altogether needless here to heap up many Receipts and a great pile of Medicines it shall be sufficient to propose in this place one or two forms only of every sort of Medicines respecting the chief intentions Take Pills of Amber half a dram Resine of Ialap four grains of Peruvian Balsam what will suffice to make four Pills let three be taken when the Patient goes to sleep and the other in the morning if they work not enough Or Take of sulphurated Scammony half a scruple of the Ceruse of Antimony fifteen grains of the Cream of Tartar eight grains make a Powder to be taken in a spoonful of Grewel early in the morning Take of the Sulphur of Antimony four grains of the Refine of Ialap five grains of the Cream of Tartar six grains bruise them together and with what will suffice of the Conserve of Violets make a Bolus to be taken early in the morning with care or by government Take of the Roots of Butchers-Broom Burdocks Cherefoil Avens each one ounce of preserv'd Eryngo an ounce and an half of the Florentine Iris three drams of the lesser Galangal a dram and an half of the Seeds of Burdock three drams of the dryed leaves of Betony Sage Vervine female Betony each half an handful of Raisins of the Sun stoned two ounces boil these in four pints of fair water till a third part be consumed then add to it of white Wine half a pound strain it and sweeten it if need be with syrup of the Five Roots two ounces take of this six ounces warm twice or thrice in a day a good while after meals For such as are indued with a more Cold and Phlegmatick Constitution the like Decoction of the Wood of Guaicum Sasafrass Sarsaparilla with the addition of the aforesaid Ingredients make an Apozem of which take six or eight Ounces twice or thrice in a day warm For the poor and oftentimes with good success for the rich I was wont to prescribe a Decoction of the dry'd leaves sometimes of Sage or Betony Vervine or Rosemary made of Spring-water and impregnated with the tincture of the Powder of the Berries of Coffee taken warm twice a day about six or eight Ounces 3. If that with the running out Serum Saline Acid Bilous or otherways Infestous particles received either wholely from the Mass of Blood or by its means from the Viscera are carried into the Membranes of the Head and being there fixed bring forth great acute and continual pains then it will be convenient to iterate spareingly the taking away of Blood yea and sometime a gentle Purge to apply cooling Medicines Anodynes and sweetners to the distemper'd places so oftentimes also to exhibite more gentle Hypnoticks or Medicines causing sleep at every turn also Apozems and the Juices of Herbs pressed forth which allay the fervour of Choler carry it forth gently by Stool or Urine and are of known use but in the mean time more sharp Medicines or the more strong whether they be purgative working by Sweat or Urine helping it for that they too much fuse and shake the Blood and Humors are carefully to be shunned I have frequently observed in those labouring with an acute and pertinacious pain in the Head the Serum swimming in the Blood being let forth to be dyed with a yellowness or Bilous Recrements being boiled in it also in this case let Phlebotomy be sparingly but often celebrated and the drinking Whey or spaw-Spaw-waters plentifully have helped before any thing else 4. Further by the fault of any Inward as the Stomach Liver Spleen or Womb or of any other by reason of the transmission of an evil Ferment the parts of the Head suffer then in the Cure of the Disease Remedies for the Spleen are to be given with Cephalicks or such as are proper to the Head Hence the Stomach being also in the fault these often times are helpful to such as are troubled with Headaches Elixir Proprietatis the Elixir of Vitriol of Mynsich the sacred Tincture Vitriol of Steel the Powder of Aron Compound and others ordinarily had for the Stomach for others whose heads partake of the evils of the Spleen Chalybeats or Medicines made of Steel often yield help Some Women troubled with Headaches have felt ease from Hysterical Remedies In like manner when the vices of other parts contribute to the Head-ach let there be joyned with the former shown you things to be taken for those parts 5. Sometimes the nourishing Juice as we showed already is the cause of the periodical Headach viz. forasmuch as this being poured on the Blood and not rightly assimilated by reason of disagreeing particles causes a swelling up in it so that the Blood boiling up into the Head carries its leavings or superfluities into the Meninges or into some of their predisposed parts and by this means stir up the Fibres into painful Convulsions I have known many for this cause to have been obnoxious to dayly Headaches whose Mass of Blood hath been vitiated after the Small Pox Measels and other Feavours and sicknesses viz. so many hours after eating sometimes sooner and sometimes later first a flushing of redness in the
evident cause so that oftentimes the distemper'd are well enough but by reason of their evil manner of living or other accidents they become Vertiginous but sometimes this Distemper becoming habitual they are found to be obnoxious to it almost at all times Secondly As to the feat of this Disease there is a notable difference for this is sometimes more outward as is seen happening in the Callous body and hath almost only the tumults and failings of the Spirits and the wandring inconstant and often confused acts of notions and sense in the forepart of the Head but sometimes the Morbific matter falling down more backward about the streaked bodies stirs up the Scotomy or turning of the Head and a loss or failing of the motive function that oftentimes the Eyes are darkened and they reel or stumble and their Legs fail them As to the prognostick of this Disease the symptomatick or accidental Vertigo yea almost all the others while fresh are free from much danger and are easily to be Cured But the habitual and almost continual although great danger and suddenly to fall is rarely threatned yet because it admits of only a difficult and long Cure it so tires out both the Patient and the Physician that before the Disease can be Cured they both become weary of one another The primary Vertigo being placed before or more outward which hath scarce a darkness or falling accompanying it is more safe and healable but is often changed into an inveterate Headach and sometimes also it is cured of it self by an Haemorrhage or bleeding at the nose or by a flowing down of the Haemorrhoids it is also oftentimes taken away by Medicine The Vertiginous Distemper arising behind and intercepting the beamings forth of the Spirits into the Nerves is far more dangerous and oftentimes passes into an Apoplexy or a Palsie or into Convulsive Diseases There does not properly belong to the symptomatick Vertigo any Curatory Method There it is only needful to joyn some Cephalick Remedies discussing the clouds of the Brain and quieting the disorders of the Spirits to those other primary indications or rather that we may speak to the capacity of the vulgar which ought to be done sometimes though feignedly let some Medicines contrary to Vapors be added The accidental Vertigo or any other fresh or newly taken may be healed with Phlebotomy and a gentle Purge and sometimes iterated but that the Disease may be more certainly extirpated let there be besides administer'd carefully Cephalick Remedies such as are anon described For the Cure of an habitual Vertigo and become inveterate there ought to be instituted almost the like method as is against most other Cephalick Diseases which suggests these three chief intentions of healing viz. in the first place must be endeavoured that the root or nest of the Disease may be cut off and that the brain may remain free from any new flowings in of the Morbific matter for which end a right order of dyet being commanded sometimes letting of blood and most often a gentle Purge in the intervals are convenient Let a dry and open air be chosen let immoderate and untimely sleep and study be shunned let morning and evening draughts be wholly abstained from in the place of the former let a draught of Tea or Coffee with Sage leaves boiled in it be given Let an Issue be made in the Leg or Arm and sometimes let the Hemorrhoidal Vessels be kept open with Leeches let the distemper'd rise early in the morning and wash every day the fore-part of his Head with water and also his Temples and rub them with a course cloth Secondly The second curatory intention is to take away the Procatartick or more remote foregoing causes wherefore endeavour that both the Dyscrasie or evil disposition of the Blood may be removed and also that the weak and too loose constitution of the Brain may be mended For the former altering remedies chiefly are convenient as temperate Antiscorbuticks and sometimes Spaw Waters or Whey To which always may be added for the latter indication Cephalick Medicines to wit such as are prepared of Coral Amber humane Skull the root of the male Poeony Misleto the dung of a Peacock and the like the forms of which we shall shew you by and by The third Intention which is properly curatory endeavours to take away the Conjunct Cause of this Disease which however the Procatartick Causes being removed for the most part ceases of it self for if the coming of every extraneous Matter into the Brain be cut off there will remain nothing but pure and clear Spirits and they having gotten open and free spaces within the Callous Body will from thence flow forth on every side However for the scope of healing this you must prosecute it with the former with Medicines indued with a volatile salt whose particles being very subtil and active do refresh the Animal Spirits of which sort are chiefly Spirits of Harts-Horn Sut of Sal Armoniack c. impregnated with Amber and humane Skull Tinctures of Coral Amber Antimony Elixir of Poeony c. These things being premised concerning the Vertigo in general it will seem to the purpose to draw or shadow forth the Curatory Method particularly and as it were to direct you by a thred and in the first place is shewn what is to be done for the Cure in the fit and what out of it for prevention 1. As to the first although the invasion of the Vertigo seem cruel it is for the most part without danger and easily passes over of its own accord In such a case if the Pulse shews it let Phlebotomy be made use of after having given a Glyster but because the sick think themselves dying and expect medicinal help in that case let there be Blisters made in the Neck and stinking things held to the Nose as Castor the Spirits or Salt of Harts-horn or Urine or of Sal Armoniack Further let these Spirits be given twice or thrice a day with a convenient Dose of Cephalick Iulep going to sleep let them take a Bolus of Mithridate with the Powder of Castor let them take the next day if the Distemper doth not yet vanish a light Purge or if the sick be prone or easie to Vomit an Emetick than which a better Remedy can scarce be taken Take Pills of Amber twenty five grains of the Resine of Ialap six grains of Tartar Vitriolated seven grains of the Balsom of Peru what will suffice to make four Pills to be taken going to bed or early in the morning Or Take of the Sulphur of Antimony five grains of the Cream of Tartar half a scruple of Castor seven grains make a Powder Let it be taken with care expecting to Vomit That Vomiting Medicines do oftenest help in the Vertigo besides the testimony of Authors appears plain enough also from common observation and besides since those troubled with the Vertigo do often Vomit of their
changed therefore instead of the Electuary let there be substituted for two or three weeks sometimes the Spirit of Sal Armoniack with Amber or Coral or else impregnated with humane Skull or Castor sometimes Elixir of Poeony or Tincture of Amber or Coral or Elixir Vitae of Quercitan or the simple mixture also instead of it may be drunk compounded Waters or Water of black Cherries or Walnuts or the simple Waters of Rosemary or Lavender sometimes a draught of Posset-drink with Flowers of the male Poeony or the Lilies of the valley boiled in it or a draught of Tea or Coffee in the morning let the water of which it is prepared have such ingredients first boiled in it or let Chocolate be prepared after this same manner Take of the Powder of the Root of the male Poeony of humane Skull prepared each half an ounce of the Species of Diambrae two drams make a Powder to every paper add of the Kirnels of the Cocoe Nuts one pound of Sugar what will suffice of this make Chocolate take of it half an ounce or six drams every Morning in a draught of the Decoction of Sage or of the Flowers of Poeony or such like Take of the Powder of the Root of the male Poeony of humane Skull prepared each one ounce and a half of the pick'd Root of Zedoary Cretick Dittany Angelica Contrayerva each two drams make a fine Powder of them all add to it of the yellow of Orenges and Lemons Candied each two ounces let all be beaten to a Powder take about half a dram or a dram an hour before and after meals For ordinary drink let a Vessel of four gallons be filled with ordinary Ale in which six handfuls of white Horehound dryed had been boiled of Anacardine and Cardomums cut and beaten each one ounce and a half of it make a bag to hang in it First of all a very strict dyet ought to be ordered let a temperate dry and open air be chosen let good and wholesome meats be eaten and slender meals Let suppers be sparingly taken or none at all Let noon-sleeps drinking bouts and other customary things about the non-naturals be shunned I could here propose many Histories of Apoplectical persons to wit of some who were once or twice touch'd and yet living and of others who have dyed at the first assault or in the second or third fit The most Reverend Father in God the Lord Gilbert Archbishop of Canterbury recovered of a grievous Apoplectical Fit six years ago God prospering our medicinal help to whom we render eternal thanks and from that time though he sometimes suffer'd some light skirmishes of the Disease yet he never fell or became speechless or senseless But we shall not stay upon this or other examples to unfold them largely because there is nothing in them very rare that may illustrate the Aetiology of this Disease Some of their dead Carcases I have dissected but only of such as the cause of death was from some former great hurt of the head as some blow or by means of some blast in all which the extravasated Blood or an Imposthum was the cause of their death We have been prohibited often by their Friends from opening those dying of an habitual Apoplexy who expecting to have them revive again held it as a deadly thing and so wholly forbid Anatomy But I shall here relate a notable Anatomical observation taken about five years since at Oxford An ancient Divine an honest and a godly Man indued with a fat body a short and brawny Neck being long unhealthy and living a sedentary life contracted a very Scorbutick evil disposition being troubled with a difficult and laborious breathing with an heaviness of the Head and unwonted numness was scarce able to endure any thing of labour or exercise more than that he daily went and came from his Chamber to the Chapel and Hall one Morning he came to the Chapel a little before Prayers begun and while he was on his knees he was suddenly struck and immediately became speechless and senseless and fell on the ground but being carried thence and his cloaths taken off he was put into a warm Bed I and other Physicians being presently sent for and coming as soon as we could possibly we found him not only without Pulse sense and breathing but all his Body cold and quite stiff nor could he be recalled to life or heat by any Remedies or ways of administrations though used for some time by which we suspected that the Pulse of his heart was wholly hindred at the first stroke and that its flame being put out presently all motion of the Blood was suppressed The next day seeing the Carcase dead enough and stiff we opened it nothing doubting but that the Distemper so suddenly mortal would shew clear marks of it within the Head But there or in any other part was not the least shadow of this most cruel Disease The Vessels watering the Meninges were moderately filled with Blood without any Inflammation or Extravasation The Brain the Cerebel and the oblong Marrow with all their processes and prominences appeared every where thoroughout firm and well coloured both without and within nor was there any Serum or Blood poured forth any where within the Pores or passages nor yet within the greater Ventricles nor heaped up yea the Choroeidal Infoldings placed both within the cavity of the Brain and behind the Cerebel seem'd free from all fault so that the Morbific matter equally thin and subtil like the Animal Spirits whom it affected remained wholly invisible and we could only argue its presence by the effect But lest this should lye hid some where without the Head after the contents of the head were diligently inspected we came to the Breast where the discoloured Lungs being through the whole stuffed with a frothy matter manifestly shewed the cause of the short and difficult breathing But the Heart was sound and firm enough free from any obstruction or fleshy Concretions Further neither in the neighbouring parts or in others about the Viscera was found any Imposthum or Ulcer by whose contact or stink the Heart could be suddenly oppressed or the Vital Spirits if this be possible might be choaked Wherefore in this case nothing could be suspected else but that the Animal Spirits implanted within the middle of the Cerebel were put to flight and as it were extinguished suddenly by some malignant or narcotick or otherways deadly Particles so that the motion of the Heart presently failing like the first moving wheel in a Clock or Watch immediately all the other functions their impulses being taken away wholly ceased CHAP. IX Of the Palsie THE middle of the Brain or the Callous Body to which we have assigned the seat of the Vertigo and Apoplexy seems also to be the primary distemper'd place in the Epilepsie Concerning which as also concerning Convulsie Diseases since we have elsewhere largely treated we shall
build Houses plant and order Gardens Orchards or Till the Ground For the mind being busied with necessary cares or duties puts aside and at last deserts more easily vain and mad cogitations Melancholy persons are seldom to be lest alone for that then they indulge their airy phantasies and speculations and suffer them to continue longer The Soul sinks down inwardly and leaving the body enters into a certain Metamorphosis and puts on a new shape and oftentimes different from humane manners Wherefore the Distemper'd ought to be disturbed almost always with the discourses of their familiar Friends to wit that the Animal Spirits being called outwards may be solicited from their diversions into their former and accustomed tracts But if the sick be seduced with phantastical illusions and imagine some prodigious things of themselves and firmly believe them their mind is to be drawn from them by artificial inventions very many causes and examples of this sort of Cure are to be found in Books and a discreet Physician may institute the like as occasion serves Although a fresh Melancholy may be cured sometimes by the mere discipline and institution of the mind and Animal Spirits yet in a long or inveterate where the Spirits have contracted an acetous nature and the Blood an Atrabilary or Melancholick disposition and that the Brain is hurt as to its Pores and passages other Indications called Preservatory are required for the taking away of the Procatartick causes Concerning this thing the Medical intentions are first that the Blood be reduced to a better temper and genuine to wit a spirituous saline then to enliven the Brain and to render it bright and clear its Pores being unlocked and also to corroborate the Animal Spirits and to excite them into a lively flowing forth For which ends the following method I think good to propose which notwithstanding ought to be varied according to the various constitutions of the sick The taking away of Blood has place almost in all Melancholicks and sometimes it is often to be iterated For the adust and liveless Blood being at times drawn away a new and more spirituous comes in its place Concerning the quantity place and manner of celebrating this Remedy Authors have various opinions but the motion and the affections of the Blood being truly weighed it will at first suffice to take a moderate quantity out of the Arm and afterwards if need be a lesser or to draw it from the Sedal Veins by Leeches How the Salvatella Veins being opened as is said should bring such notable help to Melancholicks I confess I cannot understand perhaps it may help them if the Melancholick persons be firmly perswaded that this Phlebotomy will cure them before any others the frequent opening the Hemorrhoidal Veins invites Nature to an endeavouring afterwards for that evacuation which succeeding of its own accord as Hippocrates says does not seldom Cure this Disease Purging for that it draws back the nourishment of the Disease from the firsts ways and removes the impediments of other Remedies ought to be celebrated at the beginning and repeated at intervals But that some think for the sooner rooting out of this Disease Hellebore or Elateriums are chiefly to be used and cite Hippocrates for their Author we apprehend if the success be minded those things do not ordinarily agree with yea more often do hurt to the sick For indeed more strong Purgers do not take away the cause of the Disease to wit the Dyscrasie of the Blood but rather encrease it besides they more debilitate and strike down the Animal Spirits before dejected But Hellebore was so often prescribed by Hippocrates because in his Age other Catharticks were scarcely known or at least they were not in frequent use But now it is thought much better gently to draw forth the receptacles of the humors by more gentle and easie Purgers and to cleanse only the Viscera and the first ways without any great commotions of the Blood and Spirits Vomiting Medicines as in most Cephalick Diseases free from a Feavour are wont to help after a peculiar manner in all mad Distempers The reason of this partly consists in this because the viscous load of the Ventricle which as we have elsewhere shewn doth very much burthen the Soul being purged forth the Spirits by that means being more free expand themselves more lively and chearfully Further forasmuch as Vomiting presses together and evacuates the neighbouring receptacles of the humors to wit the Gall Bag the passage of the Pancreas and the Glandulas of the Mesentery procures that their contents be not transferred into the Head Take Oxymel of Squills one ounce and a half of Wine of Squills one ounce of the Syrup de Peto two drams mix them and make a Vomit if it doth not work or but slowly provoke Vomiting with a great deal of Carduus Posset-drink Take of the Decoction of the middle bark of Elder four ounces of the Salt of Vitriol one scruple to two scruples of Oxymel simple three drams mix them and take it after the same manner To robust and well-set persons may be given of the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum or of Mercurius Vitae also the Emetick Tartar of Mynsicht or the Sulphur of Antimony Take of the Root of Polypodium of the Oak half an ounce of Epithimum three drams of Sena half an ounce of Tamarinds six drams of the seeds of Coriander three drams of yellow Saunders two drams let them be boiled in fourteen ounces of spring-Spring-water till it comes to ten ounces adding to the Colature or when it is strained of Agarick two drams of Rhubarb one dram and a half being clarified add of the Syrup of purging Apples two ounces let six ounces be taken and repeated within three or four days Take of the best Sena three drams Epithym Rhubarb each one dram and a half of Yellow Saunders half a dram of Coriander seed two scruples of the Salt of Wormwood half a dram of Celtick Spike a scruple put these into white Wine and the Water of Pipins of each four ounces kept close all night to the liquor being strained five ounces add of the Syrup of Epithimum six drams of Aqua Mirabilis two drams mix them and make a Potion In strong bodies or hard to work on may be added to these of the strings of black Hellebore macerated in Vinegar one dram or two For those who had rather make use of Pills Boluses Powders or Syrups take the following Take of the Pil. Tartar of Quercitan or of Amber of Crato half a dram of the Resine of Ialap or of Scammony six or eight grains or Tartar vitriolated half a scruple of Ammoniacum dissolved in Aqua Mirabilis what will suffice to make a Pill let four be taken going to sleep and unless they work first one in the morning following Take of Calamelanos of the extract of black Hellebore each one scruple of the Resine of Ialap six grains of
Ammoniacum solut what will suffice make four Pills let them be taken with Government The Powder of Haly the Powder of Valesco de Tarenta of Peveda and others are very much commended And indeed in Country bodies or robust this Cathartick may seem convenient Take of Epithimum half an ounce of Agarick Lapis Lazuli each three drams Scammony one dram Cloves thirty make a Powder the Dose is from half a dram to a dram Take of the Powder Diasenna of Diaturbith with Rhubarb each half a dram make a Powder let it be taken in a draught of Posset-drink in a Decoction of Epithimum simple four or five scruples Take of the best Senna two ounces of the Roots of Polypodia of the Oak two ounces of Epithimum one ounce and a half of yellow Citrons half an ounce of Tamarinds one ounce of Coriander seeds six drams boil them in Barnet water four pints till half be consumed strain it and let it be evaporated in a warm Bath to the consistence of a Syrup adding towards the end of pure Manna and of white Sugar each four ounces make a Syrup the Dose is two spoonfuls or three in three ounces of some convenient distilled water or in any other liquor Or Take of the same liquor evaporated to the consistence of Honey six ounces of fresh Cassie four ounces of the jelly of Currans two ounces of Cream of Tartar of the Salt of Wormwood each one dram and a half of the Powder of Diasen two drams of yellow Sanders powder'd two drams mix them and make an Electuary Dose three drams to half an ounce Purging is not to be used continually nor too frequently yea it suffices that it be administred within six or seven days space and at other times let the belly be taken down by Clysters if it be bound As to other Medicines which are not evacuators though the Ancients relied not much upon them we put our greatest confidence of Cure in them For they to whom also many moderns consent thought there was nothing more to be done for the curing of Melancholy than to Purge forth the Melancholick humor wherefore making Purges their chiefest business they instituted the other Medicines called Preparatory only for the sake of this to wit making it their scope that as soon as the humor being reduced to a fit consistency by altering Medicines and that the ways for its excretion were open enough then that it should be carried forth of doors by Purgers Which kind of Hypothesis seems not agreeable neither to reason nor to Medical experience because Melancholick people rather receive hurt than help by often Purging how methodically soever it be instituted Therefore we placing the cause of this Disease in the Dyscrasie of the Blood and Spirits and in the weakness or evil conformation of the Viscera and the Brain esteem altering and corroborating Medicines to be in the first rank for Remedies and for the sake of these that Purgers may be used sometimes between whiles Therefore Purging being rightly prescribed at due intervals for the removing impediments as to the rest you may proceed according to these forms Take of the Conserves of the flowers of Gilliflowers and of Brage each two ounces and a half of the rinds of Myrobalans preserved six drams of Coral prepared and of Pearl each one dram and a half of Ivory and Crabs Eyes each one dram of Confection de Hyacintho two drams of the Syrup of Coral and red Poppy what will suffice make an Electuary take two drams Morning and Evening drinking after it three ounces of the following Iulep or the distilled Water Take of the water of the Flowers of Cowslips and of black Cherries each six ounces of Balm four ounces of Dr. Stephens his Water two ounces of Sugar six drams mingle it and make a Iulep Take of the leaves of Balm Borrage Bugloss Fumitory Water-Cresses and Brooklime each four handfuls of the flowers of Pinks Marigolds Borrage and Cowslips each three handfuls the outer rinds of six Oranges and six Lemons being all cut and bruised pour to them Whey made of Cyder eight pints distil it in a common Still and mix all the liquor together Take of the Powder of Pearl of Ivory of Coral prepared each two drams of the Species Laetificant or making merry of Diarrhod Abbatis each one dram of the Oyl of the rind of Citrons half a scruple of white Sugar dissolved and boiled to the consistence of Lozenges in what will suffice of Balm Water six ounces make Lozenges according to art weighing a dram take two or three at nine of the Clock in the Morning and at five in the Afternoon drinking after it a draught of the distilled Water or of Tea Or Take of the Roots of Chervil of Polypodium of the Oak each one ounce and a half of the leaves of Harts Tongue Ceterach Scolopendria Germander each one handul of Tamarisk half a handful of the bark of the same half an ounce of Raisins of the Sun stoned two ounces one Apple cut let them be cut and bruised and boiled in four pints of spring-Spring-water to the consumption of a third part about the end add of the leaves of Water Cresses one handful let it be strained and clarified take of it six ounces twice or thrice in a day sweteen it with Syrup of Fuâ—itory spaw- Spaw-Waters coming from Iron are wont oftentimes to give great benefit for the Curing of Melancholicks to wit because they being plentifully drunk wash out salino-sulphureous Tincture of the Blood and destroy its evil ferment Moreover they wipe clean the silthiness of the Viscera unlock obstructions and what is of great benefit they corroborate by their astriction both the weak and too loose Viscera and also shut up the little mouths of the gaping Vessels of the Brain by which a passage lay open into it for the extraneous matter together with the nervous juice And for this reason to wit by corroborating the Viscera and by locking up the passages of the Head Vitriolickâ— prepared of Iron are wont to be given profitably in Melancholy and also in the Vertigo Take of our Steel prepared three drams put it into a quart of the Water above described take of it three or four ounces twice in a day by it self or with any other solid Medicine Take of the filings of Iron one ounce put it into a glass with the juice of Oranges two ounces let it stand for a day shaking it sometimes then pour to it of the Water of Pipins and of White Wine each one pint or of the more thin and sweet Cyder one quart take of it three ounces twice in a day after the same manner Take of the Vitriol of Steel of the Cream of Tartar of Crabs Eyes each one dram mix them make a Powder and let it be divided into nine parts Take one part every Morning in a draught of the distilled Water or the Decoction or
breath but little in the water it is so provided that in many places together the food of respiration should be afforded them There are Four hairy tufts of Gills and as it were two Lobes of either of them to wit the upper more broad and thicker and the lower which is thinner and a little more contracted in all the passages of them every one is two-fold and contains two series of little Finns seen to grow together to the several Gills belong two Vessels the Artery and the vein which being deposited in the heaps of the hairy tufts dispose the small shoots of either kind thorow all the borders But besides these Four orders of Vessels there are found also so many series of little breathing holes lying between these Vessels which also by manifest passages open in the places between the Finns and from thence they deduce the waters sup'd up by the inferiour mixture or joyning of the Circular Muscles The like is in crustaceous Fishes as we shall shew by and by As to the motion of the Gills it is clear by ocular Inspection that the Circular Muscles which are knit to either shell for the shutting them when relaxed do reach to the extream brims of the shells whereby at that instant also the Gills being relaxed they imbibe the Waters and together from them draw the nitrous food and by and by being contracted they are drawn inwardly and together compel the Gills to the pressing forth the Waters newly admitted If the Reason is asked why shelly Fishes which also holds with the crustaceous as we shall shew anon have besides the Vessels carrying about the vital humour also Passages or open Chanels by which the Waters are carried to their most intimate recesses it seems to be because both these sorts of Animals though they reside at the bottom of the Sea yet oftentimes they happen to remain dry therefore that they might then breath the most wise Creator so providing they contain plenty of water within their own frame as it were reposed in Wombs by the during provision of which they live as well in the open Air as in the Waters But these Waters being taken away shed or evaporated by heat both these sort of Fishes quickly dye By reason of these Waters these live longer then others out of the Waters Further as the Noble Mr. Boyle hath observ'd the Oyster and the Sea-Crab being put into a Glassy Globe after the Air was suck't forth did not presently expire like many other Animals to wit because part of the Intestine Water being ratified quickly supplyed the defect of the exhausted Air at least that being detained within the proper frame of the Fish affords an inkindling or matter for respiration It is sufficiently known that the Oyster when it is taken out of the Waters hath a great quantity of Waters shut up within its shells as also the Lobster which we intend to consider of among the crusty Fishes doth the same thing as shall be declared In the mean time for the illustration of this our Anatomy of the Oyster Tab. 2 d shews the Figures of its parts aptly represented The Lobster and other Fishes a-Kin to it viz. the Crab Sea Creevish Shrimps c. As they retrograde or rather swiming backwards so their parts and Viscera in respect of other Animals seem to be inverse or opposite For as to the members and moving parts the bones are not covered with flesh but the flesh with bones wherefore almost all the Muscles of the Feet Arms Head Back Tail and other parts either moveable or moving excepting those that are temporal are shut up every where with a crusty covering Indeed it is so ordained by Divine Providence that as these Animals inhabit among Rocks and sharp Stones lest they should be in danger of being dashed too hard by the force of the Tides they are fortified with Bones planted outwardly as it were with Armour Moreover lest that the crusty Covering should more sharply compress the Membranes or the Flesh underneath or should rub against them the same is every where covered within with a thick Purple Muck or Stuff as it were lined with a soft cloath I do believe this purpuling in crusty Fishes otherwise than in soft who also are besmeared with muck to happen through the greater plenty of Sulphur As their Bones and Flesh so their Praecordia and Viscera are observed to be Histeron Proteron topsie turvie for the Liver Stomach and Womb is placed above and the Heart below yea contiguous to the Back yea and the spinal Marrow lyes not close to the Back and above the Viscera but under them and to the prone part of the Body in its whole passage and is included in the bones or jointings of the Sternon or meeting of the Breast But that the Parts and Viscera of the Lobster may the better be beheld let the armed coat with the red Muck and Membrane lying under it be taken away then in the top of the head appears the Brain but meanly large of a greenish colour and as it were two-fold from which the mammillary Processes and the Optick Nerves ascend and two shanks of the oblong Marrow descend into the spinal Marrow and in its whole process they are sometimes divided and sometimes placed togetheâ— now united and then again seperated one from another The Oesophagus tends from a two-fold mouth by a strait and short passage into the Ventricle this large indued with a thick and strong Membrane has three Teeth within its Cavity by which its aliments are chawed or bruised further for the work of Chawing and brusing two pair of muscles are framed in the neighbouring parts to wit one temporal or belonging to the Temples and another hanging to the sides of the Stomach from the sides of the Stomach or Ventricle grow too glandulous Bodies stuffed with many Vessels and various passages as it were certain little thin Intestines and from thence being by degrees sharpened with two Lobes they descend into the lowest Trunk of the Body from the Stomach into these Bodies on either side passages lye open so that wind being blown into it by a Pipe presently it runs into these and makes them swell up These parts in crusty Fishes as also in the shelly are commonly called the Liver and indeed they seem to perform the Offices both of the Liver and Messentery to wit for as much as they receive the more pure portion of the Chyle fresh digested in the Ventricle and commit that by and by being made purer to the vital humour Malpigius observes in the Silk-Worm and in other Insects that certain diversified Vessels analogical to these Bodies are stretch'd out through the back of the Ventricle and from thence to reach lower upon the Intestine which as he probably thinks receive the more thin portion of the meat already macerated and loosned in the Ventricle and deliver it the juyces perhaps being not much changed to
the Heart or at least to the Skin and other parts of the Body Truly by observation after what manner these parts which supply the place of the Liver and Messentery in some Fishes and Insects are made something may be thence gathered concerning the uses of the Liver and of the Vessels both Miseraick and Milky in bloody Brutes In the Male Lobster above the beginnings of the aforesaid parts on either side from the sides of the Oesophagus the spermatick Bodies begin which being sent down towards the bottom of the Trunk and there being more compacted and made smoother after the likeness of the Epididimis or thin covering of the Testicles are terminated in two Yards the Tops of which have their going out thorow holes forged in the last little feet but one In like manner in the Female Lobster two nests of Eggs on either side of the sides of the Oesophagus and Ventricle are placed and pass into two Wombs planted in the lowest Trunk of the Body and into those thorow the holes forged in the last little Feet but one there lyes a passage to the genital Members also a passage from the Womb for the laying of Eggs so that it appears how these living Creatures are most fruitful with a multiplyed Issue when as nature seems to be careful and industrious about their genital parts being double and greater than in many other Brutes to wit that as they being both at once double they might produce both by the works of Generation Conception and bringing forth not only always Twynns but almost Miriads of Twynns Below the Ventricle yea and lower also then the beginnings of the other Viscera the Pericardium in which the beating heart is included is placed in the bottom of the Back the Systole and Diastole of the heart are strong and swift as in Creatures of Blood this appearing of a whitish Colour is indeed a Conick Muscle whose Cavity being sufficiently large is framed with Fibres or Columns also with many strong and various little Furrows The Aorta going forth from its top is cleft presently into two Branches which go towards the Gills The venae cavae one ascending the other descending meet together from the bottom of the Heart and there enter into its little ear The Heart whilst it is relaxed receives the vital humour from the vein and by and by when it is contracted drives it forward into the Aorta The crusty Fishes even as the shelly altho without Blood are indued with numerous and large Gills which are instead of Lungs to which that all the Vital humour may be frequently carried therefore not as in earthy Insects are they dispersed thorow the whole Body but on either side under the brim of the armed coat and being gathered together in one place are made into certain little bundles The inferiour and utmost part of the Gills which are broad and obtuse is fixed to the Sternon or meeting of the Breast with hanging little feet the upper part ascending under the Coat is loose and free and by degrees grows sharp otherwise than in Fishes with Blood whose Gills are tyed together being solid at either end In all the Gills of the Lobster Three Bosoms are found of which two seem to be made for the carrying in and out of the vital humour because a black Liquor being injected into the heart passes to the Gills and there passing first thorow one Bosom returns by and by thorow the other We will speak by and by of the third from these Bosoms appear productions of small Vessels as if it were feathery arising on every side thick set and short like jagged welts or fringes which being spongy sup up the Waters continually flowing to them at every turn of the Diastole and press them forth by Systole to wit for the end that whilst it is there unfolded within the small passages the food for the vital humour may be inspired The Third Bosom being carried from the top of every Gill to its Basis ends in the common Channel in all the Gills of the same side which nigh to the insertion of the highest Gill which beats perpetually gapes with a large gap Any one may easily perceive this in a live Lobster whilst it breathes out of the water for in every Systole or pulse of this supream Gill one may see a bubble of water break forth out of that hole Further if into that hole a black Liquor be injected by and by entring under that Common passage it passes thorow from thence both into all the Gills and the small and feathery Bosoms of them and also into the Arms and all the little feet the Cavities of which the Muscles do not fully stuff yea and into the Cavity of the Body In like manner wind being blown into that hole all the aforesaid parts will be inflated or blown up From hence we may guess that hole with the common channel and the three bosomes of Gills to be a certain Trachea or Wind-pipe into which plenty of water entring at every Diastole is returned back at the next Systole In the mean time these waters in this passage do not only Communicate with the Vital Humour abounding between the Gills but besides are laid up between the Cavities of the Members and the Trunk that they may supply these Fishes whilst they are kept dry with matter for respiration and therefore they not only longer subsist in the open air but also live for some time in a place void of all air In Crusty Fishes for that for the agitating the Gills as it were with Lungs the Ribs belonging to the Sides the Muscles of the Breast and other things are either wanting or by reason of the stiffness of the neighbouring parts are made unable it is performed by an admirable artifice as whilst the Gills for the most part being loose and are left easily moveable the several little bundles of them about the basis of the bony little Foot being included with the Muscles within their Cavities as it were so many hanging Ribs are fixed being drawn forth far beyond the Trunk of the Body which as so many distinct Pendulums by the help of the Muscles which they include being almost continually shaken cause also continual Systoles and Diastoles for the inspiring and exspiring of the Gills But it may well be doubted whether we ought to assign Souls of the nature of fire to these bloodless Creatures inhabiting the waters because they rejoyce in an Element that is deadly to fire it self and to the Lives of more perfect Brutes But this Problem shall be satisfied by and by when we have first discours'd of the Use of the Gills in Bloody Fishes as also concerning the Praecordia of these and others of a more frigid blood In the mean time the Third Table shews the Figures representing to the Life the parts of the Lobster Secondly After the bloodless Brutes their
the Tail even to the Ventricle but in the same place arising up and creeping thorow the walls of the Stomach is stretched forth even to the Head This Vessel is in truth a Tube which being blown up by a Pipe shew'd an ample Cavity and that which Malpigius noted to be stretched forth upon the Ventricle and Intestines of Insects seems answerable to these passages and vessels and we may well suspect it to be in the place of the Liver and Mesenterie In some Earth-Worms about the Tail on either side of the Intestine we found sometimes very many Eggs ready to be lay'd which indeed were seen to have descended thither from the genital parts and were cast out by the Passages lying open into the Arse So much concerning the internal parts of the Earth-Worm opened with its Belly upwards If the same be held down with its Belly downwards on the top of the Back near the brim of every Ringlet little holes are continued almost in the whole Passage from the Head to the Tail into which if you blow with a Pipe presently the underlying parts swell up the dung of the Intestine being driven up and down here and there backward and forward From these holes if they are pressed a white viscous and sometimes a milky Humour drops forth which seems to be muck or stuff besmearing those Cavities and fortifying them against the inclemency of the Air. Without doubt these little holes are so many Wind-Pipes which as in bloodless Insects being numerous and dispersed thorow the whole Body supply the place of Lungs and draw in the nitrous Air for the inspiring the Vital Liquor and by and by sends it forth being spent But against this it may be objected That little and sometimes almost no respiration serves the Earth-Worms Because they sometimes lye hid in the depth of the Earth for above three Months and are able so to ly and to live yea if the holes of the Wind-Pipes be smeared over with Oyl they do not presently dy like the bloodless Insects but being immersed in Oyl they swim in it unhurt and live a long while but if you apply heat to them tho moderate they dy presently The same thing we have observed almost of Fishes and especially of the Shelly and Crusty who bear the defect of Air or Water better than the presence of Fire or Heat The reason of this that we may defend our Hypothesis we shall indeavour to shew we have shewn in a late Tract That altho Fire and Flame necessarily require besides Sulphureous food from the matter of the Subject something nitrous from the Air which being denyed or withdrawn they are suddenly extinguished yet if that the matter be inkindled of Sulphur and Nitre as is wont to be in Gun-Powder together mixed with the Concrete that Fire or Flame will burn in the midst of the Waters or in a place Empty of Air to wit because either food being contained within they do not presently desire supplyes from without In like manner we suppose it may be concerning the Hypostases and accensions of Brutal Souls For altho many of these being inkindled in their vital humour draw in altogether from the ambient Air a Nitrous and from within a Sulphureous Food Yet in the blood of some of them which are destinated to the Waters or to the Earth much of Sulphur thick and Earthy with little of Nitre and very little only of spirit and volatile Salt may be so temper'd that it being inkindled into Life may burn with a silent and almost suppressed fire neither requires from without the access either of much or continued nitrous Food but as it hath a certain intestine task its burning is more securely performed in the Earth or Waters than in the open Air For that indeed from this there is danger of too much inkindling the sulphureous Particles and so quickly of overturning the Crasis or disposition of the Soul Wherefore these kind of Animals greatly abhor fire or external heat which may make the internal Sulphur to work and too much to burn However altho the Souls of these are not contented with fire and it sometimes as it were hid in the Ashes suffers them to be nummed or stiff yet notwithstanding Organs of Respiration are given to them all for the continuing it as long as it pleases and as occasion serves for the increasing or repressing it And indeed the Creatures of a more frigid blood appear to be constituted or imbued with plenty of Sulphur tho sparingly inkindled because Earth-Worms and Fishes quickly putrifying yield a most stinking smell and the putrified flesh of some of these by reason of the very many Effluvia's of Sulphur shine in the dark like a live Coal Moreover it hence appears that the saline Particles which make up the temperament of these are for the most part nitrous and bestowed for the food of Life because from the bodies of these dissolved by Chymical operation you can neither draw a Volatile Salt as out of all Other Animals nor a Fixed The Images of the Earth-Worms shewing their Anatomy are described in the Fourth Table In the next degree of the more frigid bloody Creatures above Earth-Worms Fishes are placed indued with one belly'd Heart and Gills If indeed Lungs be wanting to these the other bosom of the Heart were superfluous But most Fishes want Lungs both for as much as living in the Waters whose medium is not fit for sounds they have neither voyce nor make a noyse and chiefly because the water ought not to be emitted thorow the Wind-pipe into all the Cavities of the Lungs if they had them for that by watering them or overflowing them it would presently overthrow them and fill them to a stiffness But as in Brutes with Lungs the Air being admitted within it slides thorow all the blood-carrying Passages every where that entring the little mouths of the Vessels every where gaping it inspires the Blood with nitrous food so the Gills in Fishes which are substituted as so many Lungs or rather inverted are so placed without the Cavity of the Thorax that the Waters continually flowing to the Passages of the Vessels and their little Mouths being outwardly planted whilst the Gills are inlarged they inspire something nitrous or what is like it to them the remains of which being by and by spent the Gills being contracted is sent away again and so by Continued reciprocations of Inspiration and Expiration as in hot Animals the Life or the Flame of the Blood is Conserved We have not much to say concerning the structure of the Gills they being already sufficiently describ'd by several As to their fabrick they are bony semi-circles planted on both sides of the bottom of the Mouth nigh to the opening of the Gill holes which are made hollow quite thorow with little ditches as it were quilly that they may receive the Vessels sent to them and much branched forth and defend them against
injuries The Vessels belonging to the Gills are Arteries and Veins which in the Sturgion Salmon and Cod are found to be made after this manner The Aorta going forth of the Heart and ascending towards the Chin or end of the lower Jaw sends forth branches to the right and the left some of these presently growing forked accommodate an Artery to two Gills of the same side which by and by being again divided puts thorow two arterous shoots thorow the Bow of every Gill near to the bony Basis then from them others smaller thick set shoots tend into the sides and midst of every Come-like Finn After the Gills being passed thorow all the arterous Branches meet together again and Constitute the same Trunk which being by and by reflected has a prospect to all the other parts The Trunk of the Vena Cava or hollow Vein descending applyes it self and enters near into the Aorta ascending into the Gills Further in the several Finns of the Gills lesser shoots as in the Bows answer the greater passages of the Venous with so many Arterous shoots Besides from the several parts on both sides the Gills a veinous branch is inserted into the descending Trunk This plainly appears because if you open the branches both veinous and arterous lying on the Bows of the Gills there will appear a series or row of holes leading into the Finns Moreover a black Liquor being cast into those Arteries will return by the Veins Yet I have observed part only of that injected Liquor to turn aside thorow the holes into the Finns but another part to pass directly thorow into the Channels and thence to flow into the descending Trunk of the Aorta which the Gilly Branches being at length all united do frame From hence I gather That the Blood in Fishes not as in Brutes with Lungs is carried at every Circuit or passes thorow the Vessels between the organs of respiration not all or whole or is carried from the Arteries into the Veins whereby the hole might be inspired anew of the Air but for that they as we have shewn enjoy in themselves a nitrous food partly intestine therefore it suffices them that the blood only be by parts exposed to the External Nitre flowing to it From these also it seems to appear That Fishes do breath by the Gills or draw what is nitrous from the Waters and do enjoy it as it were the necessary food of Life which also many other Reasons do manifestly declare To wit for that the Waters where Fishes dwell standing still a long time tend to putrefaction or if by too much Heat or Cold or other means by which the nitrous Particles are wont to be driven away or perverted they be affected they Choak their Inhabitants Further if Fishes be shut up in little water or with too strait limits also if more than should be in the same Fish-Pond tho large enough tho they have plenty of food they will dye for want of the nitrous food which also argues the Cause of their death for before they dye they will shoot forth of the waters putting forth their mouths and heads to take in the naked Air so that it may from hence be Concluded That there are also in these Inhabitants of the waters firie Souls to wit the Hypostases of which are an heap of most subtil Atoms which being stirred up into motion by a certain inkindling do require for the Continuing of their substance besides the Sulphureous Aliment within which they feed on another nitrous from the ambient Medium But that Fishes rejoyce in the region of the Water instead of the Air where any one would think that their Flame should be rather extinguished than inkindled we gave the reason of it but now to wit as certain Animals are destinated to these places their Souls were so temper'd that as the matter made up of Sulphur and Nitre mixt together they burn or grow hot under the waters yea they there live more securely to wit for as much as there is in them plenty of Sulphur it is suffer'd to be only sparingly inkindled and to burn forth Further altho some nitrous Particles seem to enter into the intrinsick and ordinary food of the vital fire and lest the flame by the defect of these should expire new suppliments are daily instilled through the Gills yet indeed by reason of the divers Constitutions of Souls living Creatures do respire after a several manner and some require this medium more thick others moderate and others more thin And for this Cause some living Creatures whilst they remain in the same number sometimes change their sphere or ambient medium and sometimes go out of the Waters into the Air and sometimes from this into them A certain Insect called the watry Phryganion in some places in England a Caddis at the first of the Spring is cloathed with a Coat of a sprig or small rind of wood and creeps into the depth of the Rivers in the shape of a Mite or rather a Maggot afterwards when its Soul begins to be sublimed he gets to the tops of the Bulrushes and in the Month of May rising up to the superficies of the water puts off its Coat and having wings flyes into the Air and there lives during Life Who knows not that Frogs live at first in the Waters in the shape of a Tadpole altogether then all the Summer do leap about in the Meadows and that at last in the Autumn returning to the Waters do bury themselves in the Mud After this manner many more Insects do not only change the Region but also vary their Species or Kind and of Reptils become flying Creatures Thirdly A little more superior degree of Creatures of a more frigid or cold blood is those who are gifted with a doubl'd belly'd Heart and with Lungs of which sort are Serpents Lisards and some Amphibious Creatures that is such as live on Water and Land as the Frogs and some Fishes to wit the Polypus the Sea-Calf with many others To these former Lungs are necessary because they oftentimes live in the open Air which always ought to be deeply admitted into the Praecordia themselves Moreover because they put forth a certain sound for which a Wind-pipe is required but for as much as Lungs are granted to them so also a two-fold belly'd Heart without which the blood passes not thorow the Lungs As to what respects the Amphibious Creatures which at their pleasure now live on the Land and now in the Waters tho it appears that these cannot stay always or very long under the water yet it is to be wonder'd at how in the mean time they breath for if they open the Wind-Pipe the Waters rushing presently in would drown the Lungs Bartholinus easily untyes this doubt by asserting That in these Brutes an Oval hole as in Embrio's is kept open all their life-time Cornelius Consentinus affirms it after the same manner to be in
Divers or such as dive under the waters and he shews the manner whereby some men may be made able to dive to wit if whilst they are Infants they be provoked often to Cry they are suffered a long time to restrain the spirit from hence there will be a necessity of casting forth the Blood thorow the oval hole or navil and for that reason will hinder its Coalition or Closing up But indeed in these Brutes as to such a Conformation of the Praecordia the most skilful Anatomist Doctor Walter Needham did doubt and desired to have found it in some of them by an ocular search after many dissections However it is we are to suppose these living Creatures do not breath whilst they are under the Waters and from thence the Course of their Blood is by and by made more flow and smaller In which Condition it matters little whether it so growing torpid or sluggish creeps from the hollow vein into the Aorta by the navil hole or whether lying quiet it creeps forward by a gentle or slow pulse of the Heart for either way there will be a necessity that the Vital fire for defect of aerial food would be presently diminished and as it were depressed into a halituous or breathy substance Notwithstanding in the mean time that it may not wholly Expire or be Extinguished these two things are done viz. First Because in these Animals and as in all Fishes the Vital fire together with a certain Sulphureous and also Nitrous food within as we have shewed is injoy'd therefore it is able a long time to want its external supplement from the Air. Then Secondly in some of them the Hypostasis it self or Constitution of the Soul consisting of less subtle Particles is not so suddenly dissolved but that its parts stick together more strictly among themselves nor are they wont to be dissipated presently by any force as in more hot Animals Further as their Souls as to the greater part by much subsist in the Brain and Nervous stock more than in the Blood it comes to pass that however this fire being diminished and almost suppressed the Animal faculties remain still lively enough and indeed far otherways than in hot Living Creatures whose blood being obstructed about the Praecordia presently there follows an Ecclipse of the Animal faculties Notwithstanding Frogs Eeles and Serpents after their Hearts are taken forth will live for some time and leap about yea by reason of the animal spirits being intangled with a viscous matter and not easily dissipable retain for a little while motion and sense after their Bodies are cut in pieces and the several portions divided and lay'd apart as we have shew'd before The Third and highest Form of Animals Is that of Creatures of an hot Blood all which are framed with a two-Belly'd Heart and Lungs The Anatomy of these being already so accurately performed by many and commonly known there needs not any description of the History and Uses of the Vital or Animal parts in these kind of Creatures or Brutes The chief Species of this Kind are Fowls and Four-footed Beasts and in the same Class or Rank we place with the Souls of the later also the Inferior or Corporeal Soul of Man and that rightly because there is the same Conformity in either of their Praecordia of their Brain and also of their nervous Appendixes which notwithstanding differs from that of Fowls or Birds What kind of difference this is between those and these as to their Animal parts we have formerly declared at large and now we shall notifie what difference happens between them as to their Vital parts The Lungs of Men and Four-footed Beasts are every where shut in the outmost superficies that the Air entring by the Trachea or Wind-Pipe and by and by entring into its Chanels quickly blows up all the Lobes of the Lungs and distends them but it goes no further But in Fowls the Lungs being full of holes admit the inbreathed Air into the whole Cavity of the Belly which by the Muscles of the Abdomen or lower part of the Belly is exploded thence The reason of this I suppose to be in some part that there may be a greater plenty for singing and in some for the longer tuning of the Voyce or for the more strong or longer breathing forth of the Air. Besides for that all are not singing Birds it is so provided for in these Brutes that by reason of the Trunk of the Body being filled and as it were extended with Air they may the more easily fly and are more easily held up by the outward Air by reason of that within Indeed Fishes that they may the more lightly swim in the Waters have in their Bellyes Bladders blown up with Air. In like manner Fowls by reason of the Trunk of their Body being full and as it were blown up with Air whilst they rely on the open Air become less heavy and so fly more lightly and faster Hence it comes to pass that men being in danger of drowning whilst they swim receive great help by restraining the spirit and inflating the Breast as much as may be yea Dead Carcasses being drowned after the breath or fumes begotten by the inward putrefaction and shut up within blow up the fallen Cavities of the Viscera and extend them more rise up again and swim on the surface of the Water If we inquire into the Souls of the more hot Brutes without doubt it was at first in respect of these that the Ancients did declare the Soul to be Fire and the more modern Fire or Flame these placing it in the Heart those making it to be inkindled in the Blood And indeed since we have granted Souls as it were fiery to Bloodless Creatures and those of a more cold Blood which also the Lord Bacon grants to Plants it is not for us to deny the same dignity in Creatures of a more hot Blood For besides that the Souls of those like Flame require absolutely either sort of Food viz. the Sulphureous and the Nitrous and cannot be a minute without them the very hot Blood also is seen by mere accension for as much as we cannot shew how it can become so hot after any other way to boyl up yea and the Lungs hanging to the two-bellyed Heart to be the fire-place chimny or breathing hole of the Flame cherished within them Therefore as the Soul of the Brute of a more hot Blood being the perfectest in its Kind is as it were a Rule or Square by which others more inferior ought to be measured and as the same actuating and vivifying the humane body is sabordinate to the Animal and is the immediate substance of it as shall be more fully shown it remains now that we inquire into its Nature and Essence and first of all that we search into what parts powers and affections she has which shall be the chief Members of our Psycheology or Discourse
carry Man not only beyond the Brutes but himself to wit above his Natural State for as much as they subject the Sensitive Soul to the Rational and both to the most high God But yet such a Divine Politie is not erected in Man without great Contention Because whil'st Reason using its proper force and also Institutes and Sacred Ethicks endeavours to draw the Faculties of the Corporeal Soul to its Party she rising against it adheres pertinaciously to the Flesh and is hardly pull'd away from its Blandishments yea what is to be lamented it seduces in us the Mind or Chief Soul and snatches it away with it self to role in the Mud of Sensual Pleasures So that Man becomes like the Beast or rather worse to wit for as much as Reason becoming Brutal leads to all manner of Excess But indeed 't is not always so with the Empire of the Mind but that she returning at length sometimes on her own accord or awakened by some occasion and knowing of its â—all arises up against the Sensitive Soul as against an Enemy or Traitor casting her out of her Throne commands her to Servitude yea sometimes by reason of some wickedness committed it compels it to torment it self and its Lover the Flesh and so to expiate as much as it may its faults by inflicting on it proper Punishments Indeed these kind of Acts and Affections of Conscience near to Man plainly shews that there is in him either two Souls subordinately or at least the Parts of the same are far different to wit when one of which opposâ—s the other and either strives for the obtaining of Proselytes it happens that Man is hurried into contrary Endeavours and is acted little less than like a Daemoniack possess'd with a Legion But having proposed these things concerning the Rational Soul which we have touch'd only by the by as besides our purpose we will return to the Corporeal and as we have illustrated its Essence Hypostasis and Integral Parts we shall now descend to the Explaining of its Affections or Passions But in the mean time as we have shewn by comparing the Corporeal Soul of the Brute with the Rational of Man what vast difference there is between them perhaps it might be to the purpose to compare the Brains of either and to observe their differences But this Anatomy being elsewhere made we have noted little or no difference in the Head of either as to the Figures and Exterior Conformations of the Parts the Bulk only excepted that from hence we concluded the Soul Common to Man with the Brutes to be only Corporeal and immediately to use these Organs But as we have shewn the description of a Sheeps Brain dissected within the Cortex and as it were made bare of Flesh whereby all the Interior Parts might appear we shall here also to Crown the work give you the Figure of an Humane Brain so as all the inward Parts may be laid open The Eighth Table Contains a new Anatomy of the Humane Brain where by a Dissection with an Instrument made thorow the Bill the Callous Body and the Fornix or Arch and their Parts being taken away and separated the streaked Bodies also the Optic and Orbicular Prominences one side erased and the other whole and plain are Exhibited A. A. A. A. The Hemisphear of the Brain divided and separated by themselves B. B. B. B. Portions of the Callous Body with the Fornix cut off and removed apart C. The Basis of the Fornix with its Roots which cohered with its Trunk Y Y divided Portions of which with Cuttings off of the Callous Body are laid apart on the right and left hand D. One streaked Body scraped or Erased that the Medullary streakes or nervous Tracts may appear E. The formost border of this Body sticking to the right Hemisphear of the Callous Body F. G. The Basis and the Cone of the same Body H. The hinder Border of the same in which the Optick streaks yea and other Medullary Processes are sent from the Orbicular Prominences I. The streaked Body of the left-side plain with the Vessels creeping thorow them whose Borders and Ends are made after the same as in the right K. The right Optick Chamber erased whose Medullary streaks being strait and thick set K.K. are stretch'd forth into the Border of the streaked Body L. The right Nati-form Prominence in like manner erased with streaks stretched forth into the Medullary Process M. M. The Medullary Process which proceeding from the Testes and compassing about the Nates sends from thence other Medullary passages into the streaked Body as more plainly appears in the left side being whole N. The Pineal Kirnel in its proper place O. O. The Orbicular Prominences called Testes Marrowy thorow the whole P. The left Nati-form Prominence plain and whole which is smaller in Man and for the most part Marrowy Q. A Medullary Process Compassing the Nates from which is sent one Medullary Pipe or passage R. towards the Cone of the streaked Body and another S. towards its Basis of which by and by a forked branch goes forth one r. to the middle of the streaked Body the other s. to the corner of its Basis. T. A Transvers shoot knitting together the aforesaid Branches V. The hinder Borders of the streaked Bodies joyned together among themselves W. The Gap or Chink leading to the Tunell X. The Gap or Chink leading into the Cavity lying under the Orbicular Prominences Y. A Medullary Process leading from the Oblong Marrow into the Cerebel which seems to be the root of this Z. Z. Separated Portions of the Cerebel cut off that its Tracts both Marrowy and Cortical or Barkie may be seen X. The Cavity or hollowness lying under the Cerebel 〈◊〉 44 Tabula VIII CHAP. VIII Of the Passions of Affections of the Corporeal Soul in General THe whole Corporeal Soul so long as she is quiet and undisturbed she is fittted to her proper Body equally as to a certain Chest or Cabbinet and waters all its Parts gently both with little Rivulets of Blood Circulating and actuates and inspires them every where with a gentle falling down of the Animal Spirits But it sometimes happens that the whole Constitution of this same Soul is so shaken and moved that both the Blood being interrupted in its equal Circule is compelled into irregular Excursions and Recursions and various Fluctuations and also that the Animal Spirits being snatched hither and thither inordinately perform the Acts of their Functions yea the Animal Spirits themselves whil'st being moved irregularly do shake the Praecordia and flow into them in an undue manner cause the Course of the Blood more to be perverted Further from the Corporeal Soul being disturbed not only the Animal Spirits and Rivers of the Blood are driven into disorders but they induce alterations both to the other Humors and to very many Parts and Members of the Body and to the Rational Soul it self in Man
The Spirit of Vinegar being poured upon Salt of Tartar and drawn off by distillation becomes insipid Spirit of Vitriol poured upon Quick-silver and drawn off by distillation putting away its acidity acquires a taste like Allum and if we may believe Helmont passes by Coagulation into true Alum Distilled Vinegar impregnated with the solution of Minium or red Lead grows wonderfully sweet 5. The Sower austere or binding or astringent Savour arises in Bodies whose Particles are stuffed with very many little Spears and Hooks which in chewing being rolled upon the Sensory are fixed to it and greatly draw together and pull its Fibres not much unlike as if a Comb which Cards Wool should be drawn up and down upon the hands In substances indued with an austere savour a fixed Salt enwrapped with the Particles of the earthy Element predominates First Bodies naturally austere among Vegetables are the Fruit of the Medlar-Tree of the Dog-Bryer of the Cypress-Tree Flowers of Pomegranat Galls Slows Sumach c. Among Minerals Alum Iron Vitriol Among living Creatures or among their Parts there is not as I remember any austere savour to be met with Secondly Bodies Artificially produced which have an austere sower or rough savour are all made Vitriols to wit the Vitriol of Silver of Steel of Tin of Copper c. The reason of which is because in these Minerals the Saline Particles are very much intangled with Terrene and they continue in the same state when they are drawn forth from their Substances by the soluted Mixtion Spirit of Vitriol being drawn from Mercury by frequent Cohobations acquires a Pontick or Aluminous Savour Thirdly As to the Instances by which an austere sower or rough taste may be taken away out of all Substances it is to be observed that Vitriol of every Kind by long distillation and circulation with the Spirit made of Wine grows sweet and loses its astringent force If waters impregnated with Vitriol be poured into Oil of Tartar there will be precipitated a certain thickish Matter wonderfully sweet Steel Tin or Lead being dissolved in Vinegar and Coagulated by Evaporation go into sweet Salts Further it is a common Experiment If having before tasted Vitriol you take the fume of Tobacco at your Mouth the austere taste at first impressed on the Sense is changed into a plainly honied sweetness the reason of which is because the Sea-salt Particles such as are in Vitriol being mingled with the Sulphureous out of the burnt Tobacco create a sweet Savour from whence also we may Collect that Sugar and Honey are of a Sulphureous-saline Nature which also clearly appears by their distillation for as much as they like Salt Minerals yield an Acid and very Corrosive Stagma 6. Of Kin to be the austere is the acerb or sower taste the Particles of whose subject are indued with little Tenters or Hooks or Claws but which are more dull and blunt and with which they strike the Sensory and stop up its little Pores and being once fixed they are not easily removed whence a stupor or numness in the Teeth and Palat is caused not unlike Burdocks which being fixed to the Skin become troublesome and are not easily shaken off In acerb or sower biting Bodies a fluid Salt implicated with an earthy Matter excells First Bodies naturally sower among Vegetables are unripe Fruits as Grapes Pears and Apples and most of all Wildings Crabs or wild Apples thô kept till they are mellow also sower Herbs Among Minerals or Animals there is nothing easily to be met with that has a sower Taste Secondly Bodies that are made sower anew are chiefly Wine and Beer degenerating into a deadness through Age or Thunder also Leaven or Bread too much leavened Broths and Milk-meats if they Contract a settlement and hoariness become sower because in all those Concretes disposed to Corruption the Saline Particles being exalted and tending towards a Flux carry forth also earthy Particles involved with themselves Thirdly As to the taking away of this Taste we have observed That sower Fruits do grow sweet either by the goodness of the Air and Sun in sower Fruits brought to maturity or by the goodness of the Ground or Soil as when wild Apples translated to a good Soil grow sweet the reason of either is because the Spirituous and Sulphureous Particles before subjugated at length Predominate over the Saline If Wine degenerated into deadness is impregnated with new Lees of Tartar it shall recover its Vigor The like happens if a Can of good Wine be poured into a Vessel of sower Beer or Ale Wine growing dead if it be distilled often yields a sweet Spirits and in no less quantity that if the Wine had been in its full strength because the Spirits before subjugated in that Mixture recover their Dominion by distillation Seventhly The sweet savour seems to be made for as much as the Particles of any Body are so figured into soft prickles that they tickle the Sensory with a soft rubbing and from thence stir up a delightful Sense of Pleasure like as if feathers were applyed to the Sides or the Soles of the Feet In these the Saline Principle seems to be associated with Sulphureous and Spirituous and when they are in like manner are carried forth First Those which are naturally sweet are among Vegetables first Sugar and Manna then Cassia ripe Fruits Grapes Raisons some Roots as Parsnips c. Among Animals some ascribe Honey but others more rightly say that is swet out of Plants and gathered by Bees Among Minerals nothing that I know hath naturally a sweet Savour Secondly The things which have a sweet Taste and are made by Art are the Sugar of Lead Salt of Steel Lythargites yea and out of many other Bodies Vinegar extracts a sweet Salt Tasting Vitriol before-hand as was said and then taking a Pipe of Tobacco the smoke grows sweet like Honey In this and in the former instances whil'st the Saline little darts grow to the Sulphureous Particles or Saline of another Kind both of them become more blunt An Alchalisat Spirit and the fixed Salt of any Body being mixed and circulated by a long digestion acquire a sweetness Barley soaked in Water when it begins to sprout and dried with a gentle fire grows exceeding sweet And Wheat in like manner also if being wet it sprouts yields a wonderfully sweet Meal the reason of which is because by that Artifice the Sulphureous and Spirituous Particles overthrown by the Earthy get their Liberty Thirdly There are many Instances by which sweetness is abolished for all sweet things too much boiled grow bitter Sugar or Honey by distillation yield at first an insipid Phlegm then sharp and burning Spirits In the dead Head remaining after distillation is a burning Salt and an insipid Earth and whatever is sweet perishes Further Sugar or Honey being mixed with a great quantity of Common Water and distilled through a Bladder yield a
and down hither and thither by the moved Air. Hence it follows that some Sonorifick Particles or Causing sounds are diffused thorow the Air and as they are more subtil than the little Bodies of the Air and are indued with a more rapid Motion the Transmission or Propagation of the sound depends upon the peculiar motion and waving of these made apart from the inclination of the whole Air. We have elsewhere shewn in the texture of the Atoms of the Air that there are contained Luminous or Nitrous Particles by the inkindling and by the most swift trajection and reflection of these Light the appearances of Colours and the Images of all things are produced And besides these most thin and moveable Bodies which seem to be of a certain fiery Nature and interwoven with the Air and by the private waving of which the visible Objects are carried to the Organ it is likely that certain other Particles of another Kind and those perhaps Saline are diffused thorow the rare and most fluid Constitution of the Air by which whil'st they are strucken and swiftly moved and apt to be figured according to the Idea's of Sounds the Organ of the Hearing is also affected and by this means receives the Impressions of sensible things For it seems that the Sound-causing little Bodies swimming in the Air and interwoven with a certain Continuity in its Pores and thickly set in its passages are placed after that manner that when a Motion is impressed in any Portion of them by the striking against a solid Body they being agitated according to the Character of the Impressed Motion move or shake others planted round about and they again others which are next to them and so when the same Motion is propagated round on every side by a successive affection of the same Particles as when a Stone being cast into a smooth water many little Circles begining after one another and unfolding themselves create an Impression of the first stroke in every part lesser types of the sound and almost innumerable take the place one of another or fill up the room of the first Prototype sound excited according to the solid Body and from thence on every side waved according to the Symbolical Particles successively moved even after the same manner as when the rayes of Light are reflected from an Opacous or shaddowy Body for as much as they being sent at hand from every part of the Object do meet together in a most thick Series of Cones in every place and so create infinite Images of the same thing visible in all places In like manner also whil'st the Sonorific Particles leap back from a solid Body they cause the audible Species to be every where represented according to the stroke there made upon them in the whole Sphear of Vibration whether by a like Contortion or Gyration or any other ways of Conformation in Motion of the symbolar Particles But althô there are found Sonorific little Bodies something like the luminous they are differenced notwithstanding in many things for first of all their Motion is much more slow than the luminous which clearly appears from a Gun being discharged at a distance for it is sometime after the flash reaches the Sight that the report comes to the Ears But the luminous Particles thô they easily pass thorow the more solid Diaphanous Bodies yet not thorow thick shaddowy or Opacous Bodies thô they are made of a more thin or rare texture or stick in the chinks On the contrary the waving of a sound does not so easily pass thorow Glass but the same is often heard within a Chamber that is impervious of Light or where Light cannot enter Hence it may be conjectur'd that the rayes or beams of Light how subtil and thin soever they be are carried only in strait Lines for whether they at first stream forth or are broken in the altered Medium or are reflected from an objected Body they every where pass forward and observe the Line or direction and pass thorow the oblique and winding passages not with a turning passage or going thorow but the sounding Particles being excited into Motion insinuate themselves within the bending pores and blind holes like the flowing of Waters but these Kind of little Bodies which are the Vehicles of sounds I suspect to be of a Saline Nature for this reason because the Particles of this Element are most of all Moveable and Active next to the fiery and Nitrous Sulphureous for it is seen that Glass and Metallick Bodies which abound with very much Salt being struck yield a sound excelling all others Also it makes for it for as much as in a great Winter Frost when the Atmosphear of the Air abounds with Saline Particles a sound becomes more clear and is carried farther So much concerning the Sonorifick Particles as much as we are able to get by Conjecture concerning their Nature Subsistence and wayes of carrying forth or of waving As to these what at first was propounded concerning the Sense of Hearing it self there remains yet to be unfolded by what means and for what occasions these Particles interwoven with the aerial Body are stirred up by a sounding Body into Act then how the same being moved affect the Sensory As to the former there are infinite ways whereby the aforesaid Particles are stirred up into Act or by which sounds are wont to be produced whatsoever percussion of a solid Body yea and almost every vehement Compulsion of the Air when resisted yields a sound There are very many Varieties of these but the Universal or at least the chief Causes of sounds may be not improperly reduced to two ways of being uâ—deâ— to wit either that a solid Body being struck and so affected with a Vibration or shaking drives together the Air and with it the Sonorific Particles and the â—â—râ—ke being most swiftly repeated causes them to shake or to wave Or secondly the Air and with it the Sonorific Particles being driven into a more narrow space whil'st they go forth by Compression are struck against the solid Body and are driven by it into a vibration or shaking By reason of the former way all solid Bodies struck by solids yea and hollow Metallick Bodies a Drum the strings of an Harp and other Musical Instruments furnished with strings when they are stroke yield a sound in all which a vibration being excited from the stroke and shaking Body and impressed on the Sonorific Particles is the whole Cause of every produced sound or of long Continuance and also thô but of a minutes durance or sounding For both Metals also Stones and Wood and other solids being struck make the Air to tremble and yield vibrations or shakings in some measure like Bells and the strings of an Harp Wherefore when by the Finger or any soft Body being lay'd upon them that shaking is stopt presently the sound is intercepted In the latter Rank to wit where the Air is compelled
each one dram make of them all a very fine Powder add to it of Sugar what will suffice boil them to the consistence of Tablets with six ounces of black cherry-Cherry-water of the Tincture of Coral one dram make of them Tablets according to Art to the weight of half a dram Eat three or four in the Morning and at five of the Clock in the Afternoon drinking after them a draught of Tea Or Take of the Tincture of Coral one ounce take of it from fifteen to twenty drops twice in a day in a little draught of Iulep or of the distilled water They who are of a Phlegmatick or more Cold temper may take a Dose twice a day either of the Tincture of Antimony or of the Spirits of Armoniac impregnated with Amber of Coral or of Spirits of Harts horn or of Sut in a proper Vehicle We ought not to omit or postpone the use of Millepedes or Woodlice for that the Juice of them wrung forth with the distilled Water also a Powder of them prepared oftentimes bring notable help for the Curing of old and pertinacious Head-aches I might here propose divers other kinds of Medicines yea all those which I have formerly heaped up against Convulsive Distempers may be brought hither But yet the most difficult knot of the Cure of the Headach remains to be untied to wit how the conjunct Cause of this Disease and fixed consisting in the weakness or hurt Conformation of the Fibres may be healed or taken away Although this is sometimes incurable to wit when as a Scirrhous or Callous Tumor or some other old and fixed swelling has possest the Meninges yet for that the knowledge of this is uncertain and that the leading Cause how cruel soever it seems is sometimes overcome by a long course of Physick therefore in every Head-ach so long as the Patient will admit of Remedies let it not seem troublesome to the Physician to prescribe those things which seem most convenient Therefore first of all which we hinted before you must carefully endeavour that the nest or feeding of the Disease be cut off or intercepted and that the frequent coming of the fits be hindred for so the indisposed Fibres so long as they are no more affected only by the means of Nature will recover health In this case the helps of the Medical Art are rather to be sought from the Chirurgical part than from Physick for whatsoever is taken at the mouth going about by long turnings and windings spends all the vertue before it comes to the Membranes of the Head Among Chirurgical Remedies first Topicks are met with and among these Plasters are of most profitable use and oftentimes give the greatest benefit Let not these be very hot which may rather draw the humors to the distemper'd place but moderately discussing and strengthening I was wont to prescribe Plasters of Red-Lead and of Sope with double of the proportion of the Plaster of Paracelsus to be applied to the part it being first shaven and to be let remain there for some time The Antients frequently administred Plasters made of Mustard and such as raised wheals or whelks over the parts and it is a daily practice to apply sometimes to all the hinder part of the Head and sometimes to the former Vesicatories or blistering Plasters against most cruel Headaches when ease is got from these more hot Topicks it is because by these administrations plenty of the more sharp Serum is drawn away from the disaffected part Liniments of Oyls and Oyntments though often made use of effect little because as I think if they should penetrate deeply into the tones of the Fibres they would loosen them more so that they would more easily lye open to the Incursions of the Morbifick matter Further they stop up the Pores of the skin whereby the Effluvia's do less evaporate Almost for the same reason as hot stupes or Fomentations made of boiled Spices or other Cephalicks oftner hurt than profit forasmuch as they draw the humors towards the distemper'd parts and also open the Pores and passages whereby they are more readily admitted it is that a Bathing of the Head or an Embrocation or washing of the Head at the pumps in hot Baths is used with no better success for Headaches When on the contrary it hath been beneficial to many to pour cold water every Morning and Evening on the temples forehead and forepart of the Head yea to wash or pump the whole Head every Morning with cold water or at least to dip it into a Bucket or Pit of water Another Chirurgical help especially for an inveterate and cruel Headach and much cry'd up is wont to be the burning or cutting of Issues in several parts of the Body It is without doubt that these being made in the Arms or Legs are both less troublesome and do bring something of help because they draw away the feeding of the Disease in part and call it away far from the distemper'd part Besides Issues in the nape of the Neck and a Seaton in the hinder part of the Neck behind the Ear or near it also a piece of the root of wild Hellebore being put into an hole made in the Ear because they evacuate much serosity and draw it to other Emunctuaries to wit the Glandulas are oftentimes administred with benefit But indeed there hath been a talk and much expectation from Cauteries made on the grieved place or near it and so large Issues have been made on the top of the Head or nigh to the joyning of the Sutures If we should measure this practice by the fruit or success it will appear to be rarely beneficial but more often unlucky For I never knew any healed but many troubled with Headaches to be much the worse for it And truly reason plainly tells us that where a Fontinel is made thither the Serous Humor flows from the whole bloody Mass and by consequence from the whole body and oftentimes is there heaped up more copiously than can constantly be put forth by that Emissary wherefore there ordinarily arise about Issues a red swelling pustles and various humors Why should I not then believe that a Cautery made nigh to the grieved part of the Head should rather cause the Morbific matter to be there heaped up There is yet another Chirurgical operation cry'd up by many for a pertinacious Headach but by none that I know of yet attempted to wit an opening of the Skull near the grieved place with a Trypaning Iron This our most ingenious Harvey endeavoured to persuade a Noble Lady labouring with a most grievous and inveterate Headach promising a Cure from thence but neither she nor any other would admit that administration Indeed it did not appear to me that there could be any thing of certainly expected from the opening of the Skull where it was pained if an Imposthum lay hid there this had been the only way of Cure
become also Elastick in the motional Fibres by reason of the bloody Copula therefore if plenty of this be taken away they grow weak and deficient Which thing indeed I have observed in many and for the most part languishings and tremblings to have been begun in the Arm out of which the blood had been taken However in some indued with a sharp and hot blood and apt to flame forth too much though disposed to the Palsie it is sometimes convenient to let blood a little and sparingly About the Aequinox a Purge ought to be instituted and after due times between to be iterated three or four times But first if nothing oppose let a Vomit be given of the Salt of Vitriol Sulphur of Antimony or an Infusion of Crocus Metallorum or of Mercurius Vitae then let there be taken Pills of Amber or of Aloephanginae by it self or with the Resine of Ialap every seventh or eighth day At other times we prescribe Cephalick Remedies such as in the sleepy Diseases viz. Electuaries Powders Spirits and Volatile Salts Tinctures Elixirs with distilled Waters and Apozems sometimes these sometimes those or others Let Issues be made in the Arm or Leg yea in fat people and such as are full of ill humors in both together or between the shoulders Let them drink all the year medicated Beer of Sage Betony Stechades Sassafrass Wood and Winterines Bark Wine and Women ought to be forbidden or but moderately to be used If that the Palsie be excited after a previous disposition either of one side or in some members and that it still continues notwithstanding the first attempt of Medicine a long and complicated method is always requisite and oftentimes doth not suffice for not only the Disease or its conjunct cause or its foregoing severally but all together ought to be opposed for which ends Phlebotomy being for the most part interdicted only a gentle Purge and rarely is convenient Besides some chief Cephalick Medicines and Antiscorbuticks are wont to help against the foregoing cause of this Disease But all of this sort are not convenient to all yea as we have observed in the Scurvey according to the various Constitutions of the Sick there are also Remedies of a diverse kind and virtue For to Cholerick Paralyticks to wit in whose sharp and hot Blood there is much of Salt and Sulphur and very little of Serum the more hot Medicines and indued with very active Particles are not agreeable yea are often hurtful which things notwithstanding are very profitable to Phlegmatick persons whose Blood is colder and contains much of Serum and but few active Elements Wherefore for this twofold state or condition of sick persons it seems convenenient that we institute here a double Method of Cure and two classes of Medicines of which these may be given to cold Parlyticks and those to the hot In the former case for the taking away the Procatartick cause after Vomiting and Purging being rightly instituted I was wont to prescribe according to these following forms Take of the Conserves of the leaves of the Garden Scurvy-grass of Rocket made with an equal part of Sugar each three ounces of Ginger Candied in India half an ounce of the rinds of Oranges and Lemons Candied each six drams of the Powder of the Claws and Eyes of Crabs each four scruples of the Species of Diambre two drams of Winterens Bark one dram and a half of the Roots of Zedoary the lesser Galingal of Cubebs the Seeds of Water-Cresses Rocket each one dram of the Spirits of Scurvy-grass Laevender each two drams of the Syrup of Candied Ginger what will suffice to make an Electuary Take of it about the quantity of a Walnut at eight of the Clock in the Morning and at five in the Afternoon drinking after it a pint of the following Decoction warm or Coffee with the leaves of Sage boiled in it six ounces of or â—per Wine three ounces Take of the shavings of Lignum Sanctum six ounces of Sarsaparilla and of Sassaphras each four ounces of white and yellow Sanders of the shavings of Ivory of Harts-horn each half an ounce infuse them according to art and boil them in sixteen pints of Spring water till half be consumed adding of Crude Antimony in Powder and tyed in a rag four ounces of the Root of the Aromatick Reed of the lesser Galingal each half an ounce of the Florentine Iris one ounce of Cardamums six drams of Coriander Seeds half an ounce six Dates make a Decoction to be used for ordinary drink Going to sleep and first in the morning let a Dose of the Spirits of Sut or Harts-horn or of Armoniacal Amber or of Blood c. be taken with three ounces of the following distilled water Take of the leaves or roots of Aron one pound of the leaves of Garden Scurvey-grass of the greater Rocket of Rosemary Sage Savory Thyme four handfuls of the Flowers of Lavender three handfuls the outer rinds of ten Oranges and six Lemons of Winterans Bark three ounces of the roots of the lesser Galingal of Calamus Aromaticus the Florentine Iris each two ounces of Cubebs Cloves Nutmegs each two ounces all being cut and bruised pour to them of white Wine and of Brunswick Beer or Mum each four pints distil it in common Stills and let all the liquor be mixed together Sometimes in the place of the Electuary may be taken for fifteen or twenty days a Dose of the Tincture of Sulphur Turpentined of the Tincture of Antimony or of Amber Also sometimes Elixir Proprietatis or of Poeony let them be taken in a spoonful of distilled Water drinking after it three ounces of the same Also sometimes the following Powders or Lozenges may be taken by turns in the medical course Take of the Powder of Vipers flesh of Monpillier prepared one ounce of the hearts and livers of the same half an ounce of Species Diambre two ounces make a Powder take one dram once or twice a day with the distilled Water three ounces or with Viper Wine with a Decoction of the leaves of Sage of the root and seeds of the Burdock and the Candied roots of Eringo made of Spring-water what will suffice and boiled to one moiety six or eight ounces in the Morning warm expecting to sweat after it Take of Bezoartick Mineral Solar half an ounce of Cloves powdered two drams mingle them make a Powder and divide it into twelve parts let one be taken after the same manner twice in a day between these kind of Remedies gentle purging may be often used Take of the Powder of the picked roots of Zedoary the lesser Galingal each half a dram of Species Diambre one dram of the Powder of the seeds of Mustard Rocket Scurvygrass Water-Cresses each half a dram make of them all a fine Powder add to it of the Oyl of the purest Amber half a dram and with white Sugar dissolved
Crutches behind him returned whole In this case the Apoplectick matter falling down out of the middle of the Brain being divided and largely poured forth entered both the Streaked Bodies and so caused the universal Palsie but forasmuch as being more stretched abroad the same was the less thickly impacted in the Marrowy Pores therefore being more moveable and apt to be shaken off it did admit so easie and quick a Cure To this man the more hot Remedies were not agreeable so that I was compelled sometimes to iterate Phlebotomy and to give him only temperate Medicines That the Palsie doth sometimes succeed not only Cephalick Distempers but also the Colick and Scurvey as we have already hinted the following History of which we have somewhere made mention as to its Scorbutick reason will manifestly declare A young and handsome Woman after being brought to bed fell into a Tertian Feavour this coming at length daily upon her and protracted brought in a most cruel and continual Colick The pains at first tormented her only in her Belly with vomiting and most sharp torments Being a long while vexed with these and almost worn out at length she began to be molested with a stupefaction and a sense of tingling such as comes upon a member laid upon Nor was it long after that but a Palsie which this other Distemper very often foreruns follow'd in her whole Body In this condition being brought to Oxford she was committed to our Cure the noted Physician Dr. Lydell being also called to our assistance In this sick Gentlewoman not only all her greater Members as her Arms and Legs but almost every lesser joynt or limb was almost wholly loosened that she could not move hand nor foot or the fingers or toes of either Further she was so distemper'd with a wasting away that she was nothing but skin and bones however and from which only we had any hopes she had a good Pulse and a lively aspect After we had administer'd to her for many weeks most choice Medicines both Antiparalytick and Antiscorbutick almost of every kind and according to the various methods without any success at length we proposed to her and to her Friends Salivation as the most powerful though also most dangerous of all other Remedies they not long deliberating upon it resolve to try a Medicine rather doubtful than none and though the same should be wholly inefficacious Therefore by God's help we gave her in a small Dose precipitate of Mercury cum sole and the next day repeated it On the third day a moderate and easie Salivation beginning gently succeeded for a week without any malignant symptom but then the sick complaining of a grievous Headach and Vertigo began to be afflicted with Convulsive motions so that there was a necessity to let her lye down and depress the Salivation and as soon as we could to break off this course by the Serous Flux of water being called away from the Head to the other parts which indeed Clysters frequently given Epispatick or drawing and revulsive Plasters applied to several places together with Cordials and Opiates inwardly given her did quickly effect and then presently this Gentlewoman finding her self a little better began to strech forth and bend her fingers and toes and sometimes to move her members from one place to another Her spitting ceasing being gently purged she took for many days a Decoction of China Sarsa Saunders Ivory c. with the addition of the dried leaves of Betony Sage female Betony c. and between whiles with that Spirits of Harts-horn or of Sut Cephalick and Cardiack Confections also Powders and proper Iuleps Within a months space being held up by her Servants she could stand on her feet and walk a little in her Chamber moreover sleeping and eating moderately she every day got flesh and strength and at length by the use of the temperate Bathes at the Bath she grew well The reason of the aforesaid case seems to be after this manner First the vitious blood had contracted an intermitting Feavour then by reason of the long stay of that Feavour the same being made more vitious did also impart its evil to the Brain and nervous Stock the matter being poured forth from the blood on them together with the nervous juice being only at first Spasmodick or Convulsive and entering much into the Intercostal Nerves excited the Colick but then that being more largely poured forth into the Nerves of the spinal Marrow brought on painful contractions in the nervous Fibres in almost the whole habit of the Body and when from the assiduous and plentiful incourse of the Convulsive matter the passages of the Brain and Nerves being very much unlock'd became very open at length the more thick and vitriolick Particles entering with them disseminated the Paralytick Distemper thorow the whole Body Concerning its Cure the Remedies used before Salivation did not profit because they urging this Morbific matter still forward drove it more deeply and closely into the nervous passages but the mercurial Particles because they dissolved the matter so compacted first opened the way of Cure which afterwards being much helped daily by Cephalick Medicines it was at length consummated by the use of the Baths But that Baths are not profitable to all Paralyticks yea as we said above very hurtful to some this following History whose mournful catastrophe happened whilst we were writing these will manifestly declare A Merchant of London having put his foot out of joint became upon it lame in that part but as to all things else he was sound and strong enough when he had tried for some time several kinds of Topick Remedies and they effecting nothing at length by the counsel of a Physician going to the Bath he began to try the temperate Baths by the use of which growing presently worse and beginning immediately to have a Palsie in his other Members he had abstained from them but that the Physician then present promising him that he should afterwards be better exhorted him to persist wherefore he again enter'd into the Bath for about thirty days until at length all his lower members to wit from the Os sacrum to his Feet being wholly loosened withered away besides in his Breast was excited a very great difficulty of breathing and as it were Asthmatical For that his breast was not able to be dilated sufficiently by introducing the breath deeply the Muscles dedicated to respiration being as it seems also affected with the Palsie wherefore growing short-winded he laboured with a continual endeavour of those parts and with an agitation of the whole Thorax In this condition leaving the Bath he was bid by his Physician to abstain for a whole month from any Remedies taken from Medicine which when he had strictly observed out of hope to grow well again that time being elapsed it was then too late to deliberate on the use of any Medicines for besides his Paralytick and withered members
his belly swell'd his breathing was yet more hard and troublesome that he could now scarely draw breath His Pulse was very weak and upon any motion of his Body he had frequent swoonings away and loss of Spirits Hence as there 〈…〉 rce any place left for purging Cordials and Antiparalytick Remedies were only to be insisted on but notwithstanding the use of which this sick man within a fortnights time labouring for many hours under a Dyspnoe or want of breath at length expired The immediate cause of whose Death I suspect to have been the manifold concretions of the blood in the Heart for when the motion of the Praecordia for a long time was very much hindred there seems nothing more probable than that these kind of gobbets as it were fleshy should increase within the Ventricles of the Heart For the illustrating of the Theory of the Palsie a little more and also of the Lethargy and Carus I shall add this other example with Anatomical observations which happened whilst the former were in the Press A little one a little above three years old of a moist or humid Brain as appeared by most grievous sore Eyes and the watry whelks or pustles of the face to which it was sometimes obnoxious falling ill about the beginning of Autumn with a slow Feavour and lost Appetite it became very torpid and sleepy so that it would sleep almost continually day and night but being awake he knew those standing about him and answered very aptly to their Questions To this Child fit Remedies being presently and diligently given viz. Clysters Blistering Plasters Purges also Juleps Spirits of Harts-horn Powders with many others used in these cases they prevailed so much that within six or seven days the sick Child being free from its Feavour waking enough and desiring Food seemed to grow well and to have scarce any more need of a Physician But in a short time after by what occasion uncertain falling into a relapse and again sleepy was presently seised with a most grievous stupefaction so that it was hardly to be awakened and scarce knew any one or what it did it self the next day being plainly stupid though being strongly pulled it did open its Eyes it would roll them about hither and thither and saw nothing but within a day or two a Palsie follow'd in its whole right side The former Remedies were repeated and besides sneezing Medicines chawing Medicines to draw down Rheum by the mouth a taking away of Blood with Poultisses applied to the Feet and all its Head being shaven drawing Plasters were put all over its Head with other Medicines and ways of administrations prescribed in order nothing profited but that this sick Child after its lying so insensible for four or five days at length its breath and Pulse failing dyed It s dead Body being opened we found almost all things sound enough in the lower and middle bellies i. e. in the Belly and Breast unless that in the right Kidney a whitish mattery Humor or as it were a thin Corruption had begun to be heaped together which plentifully flowed forth out of some parts of the Kidney being disfected and squeezed together This did seem to have been the beginning or a certain rudiment of a future Imposthum and perhaps by reason of the Serum not sufficiently separated here it s greater plenty had slowed to the Brain For the top of the Skull being taken away the anterior region of the Head almost to the insertion of the fourth bosom swelled up being covered with clear water shining thorow the Membranes which presently flowed forth when the Meninges were dissected Further in this place portions of the Brain being by pieces cut off appeared too wet and without any red or bloody pricks but in the hinder border of the Brain the Vessels were red with blood and the Cortical substance appeared without tumor or deluge of water more close and firm From these as we have affirmed before it manifestly appeared that the cause of the Lethargy did depend upon the watry flood or as it were Anasarca or Dropsie of the outward part of the Brain The Brain being cut piece-meal and an hole made in the anterior cavity distended by the water the clear water being before as it were penned up within a more narrow space leaped forth a great plenty of which had filled all the Ventricles to the top and as it seems by compressing the Optick chambers as in the other case above described brought in blindness and by entring or pressing together one of the Streaked Bodies or its Pores caused the Palsie The Choroeidal Infoldings appeared as it were half boiled whitish and almost without blood It is probable that the water did flow forth of these Vessels by which the Ventricles of the Brain were overflown all or at least the greatest part of it although in this case if as some think the watry Latex or Humor sliding down lower from the shelly part of the Brain the Brain being at length thorowly passed thorow did rain down into these bosoms we may from thence aptly fetch a reason wherefore the Lethargy at first thought to be cured returned afterwards more cruel accompanied with blindness and the Palsie to wit because at first the stock of the sleepy matter falling down from the shelly part of the Brain into its cavity the animal function was a little cleared but afterwards when new matter sprung up in the Cortex of the Brain and this sliding forward into its bosom was heaped up to a fulness for that reason happened the relapse of the former Disease with those companions of blindness and the Palsie But although the Dropsie of the interior Brain or the inundation of its Ventricles by compressing either the Streaked Bodies or the optick chambers raised up the Palsie or blindness or by pulling the beginnings of the Nerves the Convulsive Distempers yet it appears most evidently by our late Anatomical observation that the Lethargy did not arise from any such cause but only from the exterior part of the Brain being overflowed or pressed together A certain Gentleman a long time unhealthy after he had laboured almost for five months with the Colick or rather with a wandring Scorbutical Gout in which not only the Viscera and Loins were troubled with great torments but moreover the Membranes and Muscles of the whole Body were almost continually tormented and at length he suffered sometimes most horrid Convulsions in his Members sometimes resolutions and sometimes a Phrensie in his Head and sometimes as it were Apoplectical fits or a darkness in his Eyes so that being worn out his strength and spirits wholly exhausted he dyed Almost seven days except the last but one before he dyed being more strong as to his Sense and Intellect he lived almost perpetually without sleep though gentle or the more strong Opiates were given him yet he could not sleep at all A little before this waking from a Vesicatory applied to the hinder
as it were acetous that is such as we but now described To this Noble man at the beginning we thought good to recommend these following Remedies Take of the Decoction of Senna Gerionis with Tamarinds half an ounce four ounces of the Syrup of purging Apples one ounce of Aqua Mirabilis two drams mix them and take it with government repeating it within nine days After Purging let Blood be taken away with Leeches about four ounces Take of our Syrup of Steel six drams take a spoonful in the morning and at five of the Clock in the Afternoon in the following liquor three ounces walking after it for an hour or two Take of the leaves of Balm Borrage Bugloss Pimpernel Elm-tree Harts Tongue Water-Cresses each four handfuls of the Roots of Borrage half a pound of Pinks and Marigold flowers each three handfuls the outer peels of eight Oranges and four Lemons of Mace half an ounce these being cut and bruised pour to them of Whey made of Cyder eight pints let them be distilled in common Stills Take of the Conserves of Gilliflowers Betony Borrage each one ounce and a half of Pearl powdered two drams of red Coral prepared one dram and a half of the Species Confect de Hyacintho two drams of the Syrup of Coral and red Poppies each what will suffice make an Opiate to be taken going to sleep every night the quantity of a Chesnut drinking after it of Cowslip flower water two or three ounces After sixteen or twenty days changing the method of altering Medicines the following things were used in their places Take of the Powder of Ivory Pearls red Coral prepared each two drams of male Poeony roots one dram and a half of the Wood-Aloes half a dram Lozenges made out of Oranges four ounces of the solution of Tragacanth made of Balm Water what will suffice make Troches weighing half a dram let him eat four in the Morning and at five in the Afternoon drinking after them a draught of Tea Take of the same Powder without the Lozenges half an ounce of the flowers of Sal Armoniack and of Salt of Coral each one dram with Turpentine of Chio six drams make a Mass take half a dram Evening and Morning drinking after it of the distilled water three ounces His food was only good and easily digested meats he drank small Ale with the leaves of Harts-tongue infused in it He tasted sometimes a little Water and Wine or Cyder and he was almost continually employed sometimes in some easie affairs sometimes in moderate exercises or in several sorts of recreations Thus much concerning universal Melancholy by which the sick are affected almost indifferently by any object so that they are intangled in every place and by any accidents and circumstances with a multitude of thoughts continually with raving fear and sadness We have largely enough handled the symptoms of this Disease being manifold and the reasons of them partly in this Chapter and partly in another Tract It is called special Melancholy when the sick respect a certain particular thing or some kinds of things of which they think almost without ceasing and by reason all the powers and affections of the soul being continually imployed about this one thing they live still careful and sad moreover they have absurd and incongruous notions not only about that object but also concerning many other accidents and subjects In this Distemper the Corporeal Soul bending from its proper kind assumes a certain new one but not being conformable either to the Rational Soul or to the Body or to it self it enters into a certain Metamorphosis This kind of Distemper is produced by many ways and on various occasions for vehement passions desire fear anger pleasure yea all other passions both of the concupiscible and irascible Appetite being long continued and carried forth to the height are wont to excite the same But there are two general occasions from which special Melancholy chiefly and most frequently doth arise to wit first when there lyes a most heavy pressure on the mind of some present evil or an evil just at hand whether it be true or imaginary or secondly if the loss or privation of some good before obtained or desparing of something wished for or desired happen In these opposite cases the Corporeal Soul being either drawn forth outwardly omits all domestick care either of it self or of the Body or of the Rational Soul or being pressed inwardly it relinquishes or perverts the offices of Reason and of both the Vital and Animal Functions It would be an huge work to enumerate the various cases in either kind and their ways of affecting out of the great plenty which being of the greatest moment seem to require the care of a Physician are chiefly furious Love Iealousie Superstition despair of Eternal Salvation and lastly the imaginary Metamorphosis of the Body or its parts and the good and evil phantasticks of fortune of these severally we shall speak briefly Concerning the power of Love saying nothing here of some most noble Lord or Heroick actions which appear chiefly on the stage of the Theatre and on that of humane life it is a most common observation that if any one being taken with the aspect and conversation of any Woman begins to desire her and to grow mad for her inwardly and for his most devoted affection has nothing but loss and contempt allotted him unless he be very much supported by a firm reason or is averted as it were by other cross affections there is great danger lest he falls into Melancholy Stupidity or Love-Madness with which passion if by chance he be distemper'd he forth with seems transformed from himself as it were into an animated statue he thinks on nor speaks of any thing but his Love he endeavours to get into her favour with the danger of both the loss of his Life and Fortune in the mean time he not only neglects the care of his houshold affairs or of the publick yea his own health but becoming desperate of his desires he oftentimes lays violent hands of himself But if he be content to live yet growing lean or withering away both in Soul and Body he almost puts off man for the right use of reason being lost omitting food and sleep and the necessary offices of Nature he sets himself wholly to sighing and groaning and gets a mournful habit and carriage of body If we should inquire into the reason of this Distemper it easily appears that the Corporeal Soul of Man being obnoxious to violent affections when it is wholly carried into the object most dear unto it self viz. the beloved Woman and cannot obtain and embrace her there is nothing besides that can quiet or delight it yea being refractory it grows wholly deaf to the Rational Soul and hears not its dictates but carrying only tragical notions to the Imagination darkens the sight of the intellect Further forasmuch as the Praecordia the more
Mercurial Medicines for that they operate not only by Vomit and Stool but oftentimes by Sweat Urine or Salivation do notably help A long and plentiful spitting or flux at the mouth hath perfectly cured some Mad people 3. The more strong Purging Medicines where strength and the constitution may bear them because they depress the raging of the Spirits and of the Blood and very much evacuate the Emunctories that are for the receiving the recrements of the Blood and nervous Juice do often bring help in this Disease For this use preparations of black Hellebore as chiefly its extract and Wine of the Infusion of its strings or the pulp of an Apple with the roots of it boiled together are much praised Take of the Extract of black Hellebore of Calamelanos of each one scruple make a Bolus Take Calamelanos one scruple of Diagridium from twelve to fifteen grains make a Powder Take of Confectio Hamech or of the Electuary of the juice of Roses half an ounce to six drams let it be given in broth Take of the Decoction of Senna Gereonis or of Epithimum with the roots of black Hellebore two drams six ounces make a draught Take of the Powder of Diasennae two drams let it be taken in Posset-drink In the mean time whilst these things are doing let the Preservatory Indication respect the cause of this Disease Wherefore with these frequent purgings and letting of Blood between whiles let altering Medicines or Remedies be used which may attemper the Blood and nervous juice and reduce them to their due temper if that the sick be tractable and orderly enough they will not refuse to take such things methodically Take of Crystal Mineral or of the best purified Nitre two ounces of Pearls powdered two drams of Sugar Candy two drams and a half of Camphor half a scruple let them be all beaten together to a moist fine Powder let two drams of this be put into a glass vessel that will hold two quarts of Spring-water or of clear small Ale or Beer and â—â—ld let it be given for ordinary drink at pleasure Put to Whey being made hot the flowers of Violets or Water-Lilies and after they have infused for two hours let them drink it plentifully also the Spaw Waters are convenient for Mad people to drink orderly and plentifully Take of the tops of green and the tenderest Borrage and Bugloss each four handfuls three Apples pared of Sal Prunella two drams of Sugar half an ounce let them be bruised together and pour to them of Spring-water three pints make a strong Expression take half a pint thrice in a day or oftner Take of the Conserves of Borrage flowers and of Violets each three drams Confectio de Hyacintho of Alchermis each two drams of Coral prepared a dram and an half of the Powder of Pearls one dram of the Salt of Coral one dram of the Syrup of red Poppies what will suffice make an Electuary of which take two drams twice or thrice in a day drinking after it of the following liquor four ounces Take of the waters of the flowers of the Water-Lilie Borrage Bugloss and of black Cherries each four ounces of red Poppies six ounces of red Rose-water two ounces of Camphor tyed in a rag and hang'd in the glass half a dram of the Syrup of Coral one ounce and a half mix them and make a Iulep Take of the yellow flowers of the Willow-tree what will suffice let them be distilled in a common Still and let the Distillation be repeated by putting to it fresh flowers for three times Give of it four ounces twice or thrice in a day sweetning it with the Syrup of Water-Lilies Take of the leaves of the Willow Meadowsweet Pimpernel Borrage Balm each six handfuls of the flowers of the Water-Lilie of the tops of St. Iohns-wort each four handfuls of Camphor powdered three drams all being bruised together pour to them eight pints of new Milk let them be distilled in common Stills Let the brains of Weathers be distilled with Milk and give of the water three or four ounces thrice in a day Further there are to be used Specifick Remedies so called of which is famous a Decoction of Pimpernel with the purple flower also the tops of Hypericon or St. Iohns-wort and other Decoctions Opiates and Powders of Antilyssâ— are frequently noted among all the famous Empericks Concerning the cure of Madness excited from the biting of venomous or mad Animals for that it is almost only Emperical and commonly known we shall not discourse of it in this place and since we have elsewhere proposed our conjectures concerning it But a Decoction or an Infusion of Apples either raw or boil'd in spring-Spring-water the liquor of Tea Emulsions with many other things whose forms we have shewn in the Cure of Melancholy are convenient in this case Moreover from Chirurgical Remedies besides opening of a Vein many other helps are wont to be had for the curing of this Disease Cupping-glasses with Scarification often help Blisterings Cauteries both actual and potential are praised of many Others commend cutting an Artery others Trepaning or opening the Skull others Salivation But these kind of administrations besides that their effects are uncertain can hardly be performed or not at all safely by reason of the intractability of the sick wherefore it were here superfluous to inquire into the reasons of help or cure to be expected from them The hair being shaven off sometimes it is expedient to apply to the forepart of the Head the hot Lungs of a Lamb or Weather and other Fomentations and so to change them But these sorts of Remedies also are hardly to be applied and repeated methodically because of the reluctancy of the sick and so often afford more hurt than help 3. The vital Indication institutes how mad people ought to be handled concerning their government dyet and sleep In this Disease there is no need of keeping up the flesh as in most other Diseases For the spirits ought not to be refreshed with Cordials nor strength to be restored with Medicines but on the contrary both being too raging of themselves things are to be administer'd as it were for the suppression or extinction of a flame raging above measure Therefore let the diet be slender and not delicate their cloathing course their beds hard and their handling severe and rigid But sleep for that it is very necessary ought to be caused sometimes by Anodynes for which end Hypnotick Remedies or Medicines above prescribed for Melancholy are also convenient in this Disease In inveterate and habitual Madness the sick seldom submit to any Medical Cure but such being placed in Bedlam or an Hospital for Mad people by the ordinary discipline of the place either at length return to themselves or else they are there kept from doing hurt either to themselves or to others There is no need to illustrate the nature of
use and in a long time together with an exact method or Government concerning the fix non-naturals often bring great help in this rank the chief are Medidicines indued with a Volatile Salt and Balsamick Sulphur forasmuch as these exalt the fixed Salt and reduce what is Acetous besides bitter and astringent things as these Herbs Chamaepitys Centaury Germander the Roots of Gentian and Aristolochia or Birthwort c. as by experience has been approved of in this Disease for this reason seem to be profitable because they help the offices of Concoction and Chylification or making of Chyle and restrain the Saline fixed feculencies or dregs that they may not be carried into the Blood We shall here set down some forms of each of them Take of the Powder of Chamaepitys six drams of Crabs Eyes two drams of Venice Turpentine what will suffice make small Pills take three or four Morning and Evening for thirty or forty days drinking after them of the following distilled water two or three ounces Take of the leaves of Cypress Tree of the Ash and of Misleto of the Apple tree each six handfuls of the roots of sweet smelling Avens Burdock each one pound the outer rinds of ten Oranges and of six Lemons of Nutmegs and Mace each one ounce let them be all cut and bruised and pour to them seven pints of new Milk and of Malaga one pint let them be distilled according to art and the whole liquor mixed together Or let there be a simple Water prepared of the leaves of Burdock by pouring it twice or thrice upon fresh leaves Take of the Powder of the Seeds of Burdock six drams of Crabs Eyes two drams of Nutmeg half a dram of Capive Balsom what will suffice to make a Mass which form into small Pills let four be taken Evening and Morning for many days Take of the Tincture of Antimony one ounce the Dose twenty drops to twenty five Evening and Morning with three ounces of the water but now described For poor people I was wont to prescribe after this manner Take of the Powder of the leaves of Sage half a pound of Crabs Eyes and of the Sugar of Crystal each two ounces mix them let it be kept in a Glass and take one spoonful twice in a day with a draught of a Decoction of the leaves of Sage or of the roots of the Burdock Or of the Powder of Dorncrellius prescribed to be taken after the same manner Take of the Powder of the leaves of Germander of Gout Ivy of the lesser Centaury of Marjoram of Sage of Betony of the roots of Gentian and of round Birthwort each one ounce of Sugar one pound mix them and make a Powder Or of the Powder of John Anglicus called by himself Saracenick Take of the Powder of the leaves of Chamaepitys one ounce the bones of a Mans foot burnt two drams of Liquorish three drams mix them For ordinary drink let there be prepared a Bochet of Sarsaparilla of Saunders wood of Rhodium shavings of Ivory Harts-horn c. or let there be prepared small Ale in a Vessel holding about four gallons instead of Hops let their be boiled the leaves of Germander and Chamaepitys and after it has work'd put into it of the leaves of dry Sage four handfuls of Sassaphras two ounces of the roots of sweet smelling Avens eight ounces Among Altering Medicines a Milk dyet has not the last place that the Patient should use for three or four Months no other food let him drink Morning and Evening new Milk from the Cow about noon and at other times let him eat white Bread boiled in Barly or Water-gruel of Oatmeal I have known some by this kind of dyet to have received notable help but others to have received much hurt or to grow worse by the use of Milk and the Gout being nothing cured to have contracted great obstructions of the Viscera and a Cachochimical disposition or fulness of evil humors Therefore this method is not rashly to be entered upon without the counsel of a prudent Physician and by a sedulous observation whether it be convenient or not Of late it has been a common custom for people having the Gout to drink every Morning their own Urine which I know has been beneficial to some The reason of which help seems to be because the Saline Latex of the Vrine passing thorow the Blood doth carry with it to the Reins the Saline fixed Particles that were before wont to be carried into the joints Wherefore this method when it is helpful to the distemper of the Gout for the most part encreases the Stone which I think sufficiently appears from the following History A very Learned and Pious Man of this Nation and also the glory of Learned Men Dr. H. H. after he had lived for many years grievously obnoxious to freqent fits of pains of Vomiting and a making of bloody Urine at length by the constant use of the following Remedies he lived above seven years almost free from the Stone and without any grievous Fit The method of Cure which had been taught him by a certain Gentleman was after this manner without any Physick or medicine abstaining from Wine and Cyder he drank for his ordinary drink small Ale made of Oaten Malt further once in a week in the Morning he took a draught of the same Ale to about a pint with the Powder of small old rotten Bones three spoonfuls dissolved in it By the use of these within a few months he seemed to be in health and freed from the Stone but shortly after he began to be sick of the Gout and was infested with most grievous Fits of it all the time he was free from the Stone and at length upon every light occasion was become so obnoxious to them that presently after feeding if he exercised either his body or mind by walking or study he most certainly expected the Fits of his pains The reason of which was because the Blood being filled to a plenitude with Saline fixed Particles and the nervous Liquor still with Acetous when being incited and also poured forth on the fresh nutritious juice they grew turgid presently they deposed their superfluities viz. the Morbific matter of either kind into the very weak Joints This venerable person therefore being tyred out with so frequent and almost continual torture by the counsel of a certain Friend drank every morning of his own Urine by the use of which within a month or two he was less tormented with the goutish Fits but with an evil turn the Distemper of the Stone began to grow again upon him for he was from thence troubled with a pain about his Loins with Vomiting and a pain in making water and a little after a total suppression of Urine followed which being not to be helped by any Remedies in about a fortnights time this Reverend Gentleman dyed The Carcase being opened all the Viscera except the
what Causes the Blood is wont to be moved and to bring 〈◊〉 to the distempered Head The Blood delivers to the head the morbific matter received from any other part A Flux of the Serum sometimes from meer fullness Sometimes from other Causes Sometimes the watry humor suffering a flux offends the Head Hence in those that have the Headach as in Convulsive Diseases there is often a clear and copious Vrine The recrements of other parts often carried violently to the head with the Serum The evacuation of the Serum thorow its right ways being suppressed brings its flux to the Head 3 The nutritious juice sometimes the cause of the Headach either 1 Because it is carried with the Blood into the Head 2 Because not being agreeable to the blood it stirs up its effervescency Sometimes the evident causes of the Headach are Convulsions somewhere begun and continued by the passage of the nerves into the Head Convulsions beginning after off are sometimes signs of an Headach shortly to follow Sometimes also the cause of it Coâ—vniâ—â—â—e Headaches seem to arise so from the Viâ—â—era not from Vapours But this sympathetick Distemper perâ—â—ps proceeds elâ—ewhere by reason of an evil ferment communicated to the blood So sometimes it seems to be caused from the Ventricle The Head and the Stomach intimately conspire and mutually affect one another 2 How the Head-ach seems to arise from the Spleen The like reason is for this Disease arising from the Liver Mesentery or Womb. The kinds of habitual Headach are noted It is either Continual â— Intermitting The Fits of the intermitting either periodical or certain â—â— iâ—certain and wandring The prognostick of the 〈…〉 is â—asie or diffiâ—â—lt to secured also the 〈◊〉 of the Disease safe or dangerous By what signs we may pronounce it safe and easie to be cured By what difficult By what scarce possiâ—le By what dangerous Accidental Headach easily cured The habitual affords more indications Two chief scopes of Cure 1 To cut in two the Bed â—â— Root of the Disease 2 To root out the Conjunct Cause The â—â—st or Tinder of the Disease the blood serum nourishing juice nervous Liquor and the Recrements caried thorow the Blood How the inordinations of the Blood may be taken away and prevented The pain of the Head from the serous heap â—ow to be cured Phlebotomy Purges Pills Purging Powders An emetick Powder An Apozem A decoction of woods A Cephalick Decoction impregâ—ated with the Tincture of Coffee Tâ—e Headach from other barious mixt with the serum how to be cured The Headach arising from any Inward how to be cured Rais'd up from the fault of the nourishing Iuice how to he handled Frequently follows the Small Pox and Measles Easily cured An Electuary A Iulep Antiscorbutick Remedies good for it The Headach raised up from the vice of the nervous humour how to be cured It s fault either private or particular Or universal and then letting of blood or stronger Purges are not convenient Remedies called Cephalicks proper here Of which sort are these which are convenient in Disâ—ases of the Brain and in these kind of Headaches A great many of these every where to be found in Physical Books An Electuary Iulep A distilled Water Tablets Tinctures Spirits The use of millepedes notably helps The other part of the conjunct Cause consisting in the weakness or evil conformation of the distempered part how to be handled We are not to despair of the Cure Here those Medicines are only profitable that cut off the inkindling or root of the Disease Chyrurgical Remedies chiefly help here of which are 1. Plasters Medicines raising Whelks and Blisters Liniments Fomentations and Bathings help not An Embrocation or a dipping of the head in cold water oftentimes helps Issues Issues made upon or near the distempered place help little The opening of the Skull cry'd up by many but rarely or never attempted Whether salivation in inveterate Headaches without any suspicion of the Venereal Disease ought to be administred The means and manner of salivation by Mercury unfolded Salivation not always safe wherefore to be suspected in Headaches What the cutting of the Artery may profit in this Disease Nevertheless in this Distemper it is often helpful and by what means is shown Farriers use the like practice And perhaps it may be convenient for the curing of strumous or running humours such as the Kings Evil. The History of a continual and a deadly Head-ach A continual and inveterate Headach passing into a Lethargy A second History of an incurable Headach in a most noble Lady labouring with it for twenty years Remedies of every kind for the curing this Headach try'd in vain Conjectures concerning the reason of this cruel Disease A third History of a deadly continual Headach A conjecture concerning the reason of the Disease A fourth History of an Head-ach excited from a fiery Swelling or an Inflammation of the Meninges An History of an Headach raised up from an Impostâ—ume in the Meninges A continual Headach we always to be accounted incurable An intermitting Headach whose Fits are uncertain are so frequent that we need shew no instances of it The sixth History of a periodical intermitting Headach The Cure of the same The reason of this Case unfolded The seventh History of the same Distemper excited by the default of the nervous Liquor The Cure of it The reason of the Case unfolded An Instance of an intermitting Headach which seem'd to be excited from the womb The eighth History of an intermitting Headach seeming to aâ—ise from the Stomach A reason of this Case delivered The like reason is for other Headaches seeming to arise from the Spleen Liver Mesentery c. The Seat of the Lethargy is the same with that of Sleep and Memory to wit about the Shell of the Brain By this name both the Fits of the Lethargy are called And also the soporiferous disposition or Sleepiness Of which there are various kinds The continual Sleepiness the Coma c. In every Lethargick Distemper there is an excess of Sleep and a defect of Memory The essence and causes of natural and non-natural Sleep rehearsed The causes of preternatural Sleep are An infartion or obstruction of the outward part of the Brain and a recess of the Spirits from thence Sometimes this sometimes that is the cause The Lethargy oftentimes from the serous heap overflowing the outward part of the Brain And sometimes from a Dropsiâ— of the whole Brain Not only a plenty of humour but the malignity often causes this Disease The proâ—atarctick causes of the Lethargy In what respect they are in fault Both the Blood begetting evil humours and sending them to the Brain and the Brain too easily receiving them Vpon what occasions the Brain is prone to the Lethargy The evident causes of this Disease Another conjunct cause of the Lethargy consists in the afflicting the Spirits with some narcotick How opiates causes Sleep How they operate in the Ventricle 〈…〉
if the business will admit it let the Paralytick members be covered over with hot grains or with the refuse of the Grapes when flung out of the Wine-press or let them be thrust into the belly of a Beast new slain or bathed in an artificial Bath or in the natural Baths and be kept for a long while in any of these But if these help not you must then come to universal Remedies or great Remedies of which sort in the first place are Diaphoreticks or sweating Medicines Mercurial Medicines stirring up Salivation and strong Vomiting Medicines of each of which we shall speak briefly In the Cure of the Palsie sometimes Diaphoreticks or Medicines causing sweats do very much help and that they sometimes are hurtful the common people do ordinarily observe Wherefore it is very requisite that we should unfold the reasons of this so different effect and that so indications may be taken as to the use or rejection of them Therefore a plentiful sweating is wont to be helpful sometimes to Paralyticks chiefly for two reasons to wit for that it doth thrust forth or exterminate in a great measure the impurities of the Blood and the nervous juice being apt to breath forth so that the Morbific matter doth not flow any more to the Brain and the distemper'd parts and that whatever hath already flowed forth from them is partly conveyed forth of doors Then Secondly Because the Effluvia's of heat falling away from the boiling blood do very much open the nervous Passages before obstructed whilst in evaporating they pass thorow them and make an open way for the Spirits Wherefore this administration is chiefly and almost only convenient for those whose Blood is not stuffed with fixed Salt and Sulphur but is diluted with a limpid and saltless Serum For on the contrary Paralyticks whose blood and humors are full of fierce Exotick and fixed Particles of enormous Salts and Sulphur and unfit to be exhaled do often receive great harm by a violent and forced sweating Of this kind of effect we have assigned these two causes to wit because that the Morbific Particles by reason of agitation being too much exalted become more outragious then secondly because these being more plentifully brought to the Brain and nervous Stock they oftentimes increase the old obstructions and not rarely produce new That a plentiful sweating or Diaphoresis may be easily provoked both internal Medicines and outward administrations are wont to be made use of The former stir up either the Blood or Serum into an heat or provoke the heart into more swift motions and for that cause whether one or both be done when the bloody liquor is rapidly circulated thorow the Heart and Vessels and is wrought into a frothy swelling up there is a necessity that very many Effluvia's which are the matter of sweat should go away from it For this end Medicines of a various kind are commended to Paralyticks of which the most noted are a Decoction of Guaicum Sarsaparilla c. Spirits and Oyl of Guaicum the simple mixture Flowers and Spirits of Sal Armoniack Aurum Diaphoreticum the Salt of Vipers as also the Powder and Wine of the same the solar Rezoartick minerale Tincture of Antimony c. External administrations move sweat because they hold in and stir up the moderate heat in the whole body and so the blood being made hot is compelled to move more swiftly and to evaporate more and at the same time the Pores of the skin being unlocked readily let forth all the Particles that are apt to exhale For this use besides the Bed-cloaths which only hold in the Effluvia's of heat sent from the body about it still there are little sweating Chairs or Stoves made hot with Coals or with the Spirits of Wine also Hot-houses and Baths of various kinds and forms and our natural Baths are wont to be made use of But of all of them our natural Baths of the Bath if they agree with the temper of the sick are thought to be the best Remedy which the many Crutches hung up as so many trophies of this Disease being overcome belonging to many Cured of the Palsie do sufficiently shew But as the best Medicines if they prove not a Remedy to the Disease often pass into poisons so the use of Baths when it cures not some Paralyticks renders them much worse so that when as the sick had before many members distemper'd and resolved or loosened there was no other occasion for them of leaving behind them there their Crutches unless it were because they could use them no longer We have above shewed the cause of this to wit because bathing shaking or moving the blood and all the humors more exalts all the Morbific and extraneous particles and they becoming more outragious drives them from the Viscera into the bloody mass from whence when they cannot easily evaporate entring into the Brain and nervous Stock increase the Paralytick Distemper and very often adds to it the Convulsive For this reason Bathing sometimes actuates or stirs up the Nephritick and the Gouty disposition and further in many where there was not a disposition it causes a spitting of blood the Asthma or Consumption Wherefore Baths ought not to be tryed without the advice of a Physician and then having tryed them if they seem not agreeable they are to be soon left I have by my own experience sufficiently try'd and known also by that of several other Physicians that some Paralyticks have been cured by Salivation excited by Mercury But I think this kind of Remedy is only to be used to the habitual Palsie to wit which hath its foregoing cause in the Blood and Brain easily moveable and its conjunct cause in the nervous appendix not very fixed But when this Distemper is caused from an outward and great hurt or follows upon the Carus Apoplexy or Convulsions a Salivation or spitting is attempted in vain and sometimes not without great hurt But whoever are indued with a weak and too loose a Brain and are obnoxious to frequent Convulsive motions are not rashly to make use of Mercury Yet sometimes a Salivation in an habitual Palsie are not very fixed hath highly profited forasmuch as by taking away the impurities of the blood it cuts off all the nourishment of the Disease also because some Mercurial Particles whilst passing thorow the Brain and entring the nervous passages divide the Morbific matter impacted in them and drawing its parts one from another variously disperse some forward and others backwards when oftentimes it is the fault of other Medicines that they only urge forward the heap obstructing the ways of the Spirits so that if they pull in not to pieces they drive it more firmly into the obstructed places In some measure it is for this reason also that Vomits do frequently yield notable help in the Cure of the Palsie to wit because they draw away the nourishment of the