Lastly all such as have the menstrual or haermorrhoidall blood suppressed or too immoderately flowing contrary to their custome either overwhelms diminisheth or extinguisheth the native heat no otherwise than fire which is suffocated by too great a quantity of wood or dieth and is extinguished for want thereof We must look for the same from the excrements of the belly or bladder cast forth either too sparingly or too immoderately Or by too large quantity of meats too cold and rashly devoured without any order To conclude by every default of external causes through which occasion error may happen in diet or exercise The Ascites is distinguished from the two other kinds of Dropsies The signs of an Ascites both by the magnitude of the efficient cause as also by the violence of the Symptoms as the dejected appetite thirst and swelling of the Abdomen And also when the body is moved or turned upon either side you may hear a sound as of the jogging of water in a vessel half full Lastly The Symptomes the humor is diversly driven upwards or downwards according to the turning of the body and compression of the Abdomen It also causeth various Symptoms by pressure of the parts to which it floweth For it causeth difficulty of breathing and the cough by pressing the Midriffe by sweating through into the capacity of the Chest it causeth like Symptoms as the Empyema Besides also the patients often seem as it were by the ebbing and flowing of the waterish humor one while to be carried to the skies and another whiles to be drowned in the water which I have learnt not by reading of any author but by the report of the Patients themselves But if these waterish humors be fallen down to the lower parts they suppress the excrements of the guts and bladder by pressing and straitning the passages When the patient lies on his back the tumor seems less because it is spread on both sides On the contrary when he stands or sits it seems greater for that all the humor is forced or driven into the lower belly whence he feels a heaviness in the Pecten or share The upper parts of the body fall away by defect of the blood fit for nourishment in quality and consistence but the lower parts swel by the flowing down of the serous and waterish humor to them The pulse is little quick and hard with tension This disease is of the kind of Chronical or long diseases wherefore it is scarce Prognosticks or never cured especially in those who have it from their mothers womb who have the Action of their stomach depraved and those who are cachectick and old and lastly all such as have the natural faculty languishing and faulty On the contrary young and strong men especially if they have no feaver and finally all who can endure labour and those exercises which are fit for curing this disease easily recover principally if they use a Physitian before the water which is gathered together do putrefie and infect the bowels by its contagion CHAP. XII Of the cure of the Dropsie THe beginning of the cure must be with gentle and milde medicins neither must we come to a Paracentesis unless we have formerly used and tried these Therefore it shall be the part of the Physitian to prescribe a drying diet and such medicines as carry away water Hip. lib. 4. de acut lib. de intern both by stool and urine Hippocrates ordains this powder for Hydropick persons â„ž Canthar ablatis capitib alis â„¥ ss comburantur in furno fiat pulvis of which administer two grains in white wine for nature helped by this and the like remedies hath not seldome been seen to have cured the Dropsie But that we may hasten the cure it will be available to stir up the native heat of the part by application of those medicines which have a discussing force as bags baths ointments Bags and Emplaisters Let bags be made of dry and harsh Bran Oats Salt Sulphur being made hot or for want of them of Sanders or Ashes often heated Bathes The more effectual baths are salt nitrous and sulphurous waters whether by nature or art that is prepared by the dissolution of salt nitre and Sulphur to which if Rue Marjoram the leaves of Fennel Liniments and tops of Dill of Stoechas and the like be added the business will goe better forwards Emplaisters Let the ointments be made of the oyl of Rue Dill Baies and Squills in which some Euphorbium Pellitory of Spain or Pepper have been boiled Let Plaisters be made of Frankincense Vesicatories Myrrh Turpentine Costus Bay-berries English Galengall hony the dung of Oxen Pigeons Goats Horses and the like which also may be applied by themselves If the disease continue we must come to Sinapisms and Bhoenigms that is to rubrifying and vesicatory medicines When the blisters are raised they must be anointed again that so the water may by little and little flow so long untill all the humor be exhausted and the patient restored to health Gal. lib. de facul natur 1. Galen writes the Husbandmen in Asia when they carried wheat out of the Country into the City in Carrs when they would steal away and not be taken hide some stone-jugs fill'd with water in the midst of the wheat for that will draw the moisture through the jugs into it self and encrease both the quantity and weight When certain pragmatical Physitians had read this they thought that wheat had force to draw out the water so that if any sick of the Dropsie should be buried in a heap of wheat it would draw out all the water Divers opinions of Paracentâ—sit or opening of the belly Reasons against it But if the Physitian shall profit nothing by these means he must come to the exquisitly chief remedy that is to Paracentesis Of which because the opinions of the ancient Physitians have been divers we will produce and explain them Those therefore which disallow Paracentesis conclude it dangerous for three reasons The first because by pouring out the contained water together with it you dissipate and resolve the spirits and consequently the natural vital and animal faculties Another opinion is because the Liver wanting the water by which formerly it was born up thence-forward hanging down by its weight depresseth and draweth downwards the midriffe and the whole Chest whence a dry cough and a difficulty of breathing proceed The third is because the substance of the Peritonaeum as that which is nervous cannot be pricked or cut without danger neither can that which is pricked or cut be easily agglutinated and united by reason of the spermatick and bloudlesse nature thereof Erasistratus moved by these reasons condemned Paracentesis as deadly also he perswaded that it was unprofitable for these following reasons viz. Because the water powred forth Erasistratus his Reasons against it doth not take away with it the cause of the Dropsie and
made with a Chicken to be taken in the morning for eight or nine days after the first concoction The choice of meats For meats in the beginning of the disease when the faculties are not too much debilitated he shall use such as nourish much and long though of hard digestion such as the extream parts of beasts as the feet of Calves Hogs-feet not salted the flesh of a Tortois which hath lived so long in a garden as may suffice to digest the excrementitious humidity the flesh of white Snails and such as have been gathered in a vineyard of frogs river-Crabs Eels taken in clear water and well cooked hard Eggs eaten with the juyce of Sorrel without spices Whitings and Stockfish For all such things because they have a tough and glutinous juyce are easily put and glutinated to the parts of our body neither are they so easily dissipated by the feaverish heat But when the paient languisheth of a long hectick he must feed upon meats of easie digestion these boyled rather than roasted for boyled meats humect more and roasted more easily turn into choler Wherefore he may use to eat veal kid capon pullet boiled with refrigerating and humecting herbs he may also use barly-creams almond-milks as also bread crummed and moistned with rose-rose-water boiled in a decoction of the four cold seeds with sugar of roses for such a Panada cools the liver and the habit of the whole body and nourisheth withal The testicles wings and livers of young Cocks as also figs and raisons But if the Patient at length begin to loath grow weary of boiled meats then let him use roast but so that he cut away the burnt and dryed part thereof and feed only on the inner parr thereof and that moistned in rose-Rose-water the juyce of Citrons Oranges or Pomegranates Let him abstain from salt and dry fishes and chuse such fishes as live in stony-stony-waters for the exercise they are forc'd to undergo in shunning the rocks beaten upon by the waves How Asses milk must be used in a hectick Asses milk newly milked and seasoned with a little salt sugar honey or fennel that it may not corrupt nor grow sowre in the stomach or womans milk sucked from the dug by the Patient to the quantity of half a pint is much commended verily womans milk is the more wholsome as that which is more sweet and familiar to our substance if so be that the nurse be of a good temper and habit of body Womans milk more wholesome than Asses For so it is very good against the gnawings of the stomach and ulcers of the lungs from whence a Consumption often proceeds Let your milch Ass be fed with barly oats oak-leaves but if the Patient chance to be troubled with the flux of the belly you shall make the milk somewhat astringent by gently boyling it and quenching therein pebble-stones heated red hot But for that all natures cannot away with Asses-milk such shall abstain from it as it makes to have acrid belchings difficulty of breathing a heat and rumbling in the Hypochondria and pain of the head Let the Patient temper his Wine with a little of the waters of Lettuce Purslain and water-Lillies but with much Bugloss-water both for that it moistens very much as also for that it hath a specifick power to recreate the heart whose solid substance in this kind of disease is grievously afflicted And thus much of things to be taken inwardly These things which are to be outwardly applyed are inunctuous baths epithems clysters Things to be outwardly applyed Inunctions are divers according to the various indications of the parts whereto they are applyed For Galen anoints all the spine with cooling and moderate astringent things as which may suffice to strengthen the parts and hinder their wasting and not let the transpiration for if it should be letted the heat would become more acrid by suppressing the vapours Oyl of roses water-lillies quinces the mucilages of Gum-tragacanth and Arabick extracted into water of Night-shade with some small quantity of camphire and a little wax if need require but on the contrary the parts of the breast must be anointed with refrigerating and relaxing things by refrigerating I mean things which moderately cool for cold is hurtful to the breast But astringent things would hinder the motions of the muscles of the chest and cause a difficulty of breathing Such inunctions may be made of oyl of violets willows of the seeds of lettuce poppies water-lillies mixing with them the oyl of sweet almonds to temper the astriction which they may have by their coldness A caution in the choyce of Oyls But you must have great care that the Apothecary for covetousness in stead of these oyls newly made give you not old rancid and salted oyls for so in stead of refrigerating you shall heat the part for wine honey and oyl acquire more heat by age in defect of convenient oyls we may use butter well washed in violet and nightshade water The use of such inunctions is too cool humect and comfort the parts whereto they are used they must be used evening morning chiefly after a bath Now for Baths we prescribe them either only to moisten The differences of Baths and then plain warm water wherein the flowers of violets and water-lillies willow-leaves and barly have been boyled will be sufficient or else not only to moisten but also to acquire them a fairer and fuller habit and then you may add to your bath the decoction of a Sheeps-head and Gather with some Butter But the Patient shall not enter into the bath fasting but after the first concoction of the stomach Why the Patients must not enter the Bath fasting that so the nourishment may be drawn by the warmness of the bath into the whole habit of the body For otherwise he which is sick of a consumption and shall enter the bath with his stomack empty shall suffer a greater dissipation of the triple substance by the heat of the bath than his strength is well able to endure Wherefore it is fit thus to prepare the body before you put it into the bath How to prepare the body for the Bath The day before in the morning let him take an emollient clyster to evacuate the excrements baked in the guts by the hectick dryness then let him eat to his dinner some solid meats about nine of the clock and let him about four of the clock eat somewhat sparingly meats of easie digestion to his supper A little after midnight let him sup off some chicken-broth or barly-cream or else two rear egs tempered with some rose-water and sugar of roses instead of salt Some 4 or 5 hours after let him enter into the bath those things which I have set down being observed When he comes out of the bath let him be dryed and gently rubbed with soft linnen cloaths and anointed as I formerly prescribed then let him sleep if he
luc lb. ii aq vitae â„¥ vi agitentur omnia simul diligentissime Lutetur alembicum luto sapientiae fiat distillatio lento ignae in balneo mariae Use it after the following manner â„ž aq stillatitiae prescriptae â„¥ ii aut iii. According to the operation which it shall perform let the patient take it four hours before meat Also radish-water distilled in balneo mariae is given in the quantity of â„¥ iiii with sugar and that with good success Baths and sem cupia or halt baths are artificially made Why the use of diureticks is better after bathing To cleanse the ulcers of the kidnies and bladder relax soften dilate and open all the body therefore the prescribed diureticks mixed wtih half a dram of treacle may be fitly given at the going forth of the bath These medicines following are judged fit to cleanse the ulcers of the kidnies and bladder Syrup of maiden-hair of â—oses taken in quantity of â„¥ i. with hydromel or barlie-barlie-water Asses or Goats-milk are also much commended in this affect because they cleanse the ulcers by their serous or whayish portion and agglutinate by their chees-life They must be taken warm from the dug with hony of roses or a little salt least they corrupt in the stomach and that to the quantity of four ounces drinking or eating nothing presently upon it The following Trochises are also good for the same purpose Trochisces to heal the ulcers of the kidnies â„ž quatuor sem frigid major seminis papaveris albi portulâ—cae-plantag cydon myrtil gum tragacanth arab pinear. glycyrrhi mund hordei mund mucilag psilii amygdal dulcium an â„¥ i. bâ—â— armen sanguin dracon spodii rosar mastich terrae sigil myrrhae an â„¥ ii cum oxymelite conficiantur secundum artem trochisci Let the patient take Ê’ ss dissolved in whay ptisan barlie-water and the like they may also be profitably dissolved in plantain-water and injected into the bladder Let the patient abstain from wine and instead thereof let him use barlie-barlie-water or hydromel or a ptisan made of an ounce of raisins of the Sun Drink instead of wine stoned and boiled in five pints of fair water in an earthen pipkin well leaded or in a glass untill one pint be consumed adding thereto of liquorice scraped and beaten â„¥ i. of the cold seeds likewise beaten two drams Let it after it hath boiled a little more be strained through an hypocras bag with a quartern of sugar and two drams of choice cinnamon added thereto and so let it be kept for usual drink CHAP. LVI Of the Diabete or inabilitie to hold the Vrine THe Diabete is a disease wherein presently after one hath drunk the urine is presently made in great plentie What Diabete is by the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the reins and the depravation or immoderation of the attractive faculty The external causes are the unseasonable and immoderate use of hot and diuretick things and all more violent and vehement exercises The causes The internal causes are the inflammation of the liver lungs spleen but especially of the kidnies and bladder This affect must be diligently distinguished from the excretion of the morbifick causes by urine Signs The loins in this disease are molested with a pricking and biteing pain and there is a continual and unquenchable thirst and although this disease proceed from a hot distemper Why the urines are watrish yet the urine is not coloured red troubled or thick but thin and white or waterish by reason the matter thereof makes very small stay in the stomach liver and hollow vein being presently drawn away by the heat of the kidnies or bladder If the affect long endure the patient for want of nourishment falleth away whence certain death ensues For the cure of so great a disease the matter must be purged which causes or feeds the inflammation or phlegmon and consequently blood must be let We must abstain from the four cold seeds for although they may profit by their first qualitie The cure yet will they hurt by their diuretick faculty Refrigerating and astringent nourishments must be used and such as generate gross humors as rice thick and astringent wine mixed with much water Narcotick things to be applied to the loins Exceeding cold yea narcotick things shall be applied to the loins for otherwise by reason of the thickness of the muscles of those parts the force unless of exceeding refrigerating things will not be able to arrive at the reins of this kinde are oil of white poppie henbane opium purslain and lettuce-seed mandrage vinegar and the like of which cataplasms plasters and ointments may be made fit to corroborate the parts and correct and heat CHAP. LVII Of the Strangurie What the Strangurie is THe Strangurie is an affect haveing some affinitie with the Diabete as that wherein the water is involuntarily made but not together at once but by drops continually and with pain The causes The external causes of a strangurie are the too abundant drinking of cold water and all too long stay in a cold place The internal causes are the defluxion of cold humors into the urinarie parts for hence they are resolved by a certain palsie and the sphincter of the bladder is relaxed so that he cannot hold his water according to his desire inflammation also and all distemper causeth this affect and whatsoever in some sort obstructs the passage of the urine as clotted blood thick phlegm gravel and the like And because according to Galens opinion all sorts of distemper may cause this disease diverse medicines shall be appointed according to the difference of the distemper Therefore against a cold distemper fomentations shall be provided of a decoction of mallows Com. ad aphor 15. sect 3. roses origanum calamint and the like and so applied to the privities then presently after let them be anointed with oil of bays and of Castoreum and the like Strong and pure wine shall be prescribed for his drink and that not only in this cause but also when the strangurie happens by the occasion of obstruction caused by a gross and cold humor if so be that the body be not plethorick But if inflammation together with a Plethora oâ— fulness hath caused this affect we may according to Galens advice Ad aphor 48. sect 7. heal it by blood-letting But if obstruction be in fault that shall be taken away by diureticks either hot or cold according to the condition of the matter obstructing We here omit to speak of the Dysuria or difficultie of making water because the remedies are in general the same with those which are used in the Ischuriae or suppression of urine CHAP. LVIII Of the Cholick WHensoever the guts being obstructed or otherwise affected the excrements are hindred from passing forth and if the fault be in the small guts the affect is termed Volvulus Ileos and Miserere mei but if it be in
incorporentur simul fiat cataplasma Or â„ž farinae fabarum et hordei an â„¥ iii. â—lei rosati â„¥ ii oxycrati quantum sufficit câ—quantur simul fiat cataplasma Another â„ž mucilag sent psilii â„¥ iiâ—i â—l rosati â„¥ ii acet â„¥ i. vitellos ovorum nu iii. croci ℈ i. misce Pliny reporteth that Sextus Pomponius the Governor of the hither-Spain as he overlooked the winowing of his corn Lib. 22. cap. â—5 was taken by the pain of the Gout in his feet wherefore he coverd himself with the Whear above his knees and so was eased his feet being wonderfully dryed and he afterwards used this kind of remedy It is note-worthie which often happeneth that the pain cannot be altogether eased by such remedies by reason of the abundance of blood impact in the part wherefore it must be evacuated Phlebotomie to evacuate the conjunct matter and asswage pain which I have done in many with good success opening the vein which was most swelled and nigh to the affected part for the pain was presently asswaged Neither must we too long make use of repercussives least the matter become so hardned that it can scarce be afterwards resolved as when it shall be concrete into knots and plaster-like stones resolving medicines are to be mixed with repercussives conveniently applyed so to discuss the humor remaining as yet in the part whereof shall be spoken in the following Chapter CHAP. XVII Of Locall medicines for a cholerick Gout What repercussives are beâ—e required THe repercussives that must first be used in this kinde of Gout ought to be cold and moist that so they may resist both the qualities of choler such are the leaves of night-shade purslain hous-leek henbane sorrel plantain poppy cold water and the like whereof may be made divers compositions As â„ž succi hyoscyami sempervivi lactuc. an â„¥ ii farin hordeiÊ’i olei rosati â„¥ ii agitando simul fiat medicamentum Let it be applyed and often changed for so at length it will asswage the inflammation Some think the brain of a hog mixed with white starchs or barly-meal and oil of roses an excellent medicine The leaves of mallows boiled in water and beaten with a pestil and applyed asswage pain â„ž mucilag sem psilii extract in aq solani vel resarum â„¥ ii â—arin hordei â„¥ i. aceti q s fiat linimentum Or else â„ž unguent rosat mesue popules an â„¥ iii. succi melâ—num â„¥ ii alb overum nu iii. misceantur simul pro litu Also a spunge dipped in oxycrate and pressed out again and applied thereto doth the same Or else â„ž fol caulium rub m. ii câ—quantur in â—xycrato terantur adde overum vitellos tres olei rosati â„¥ ii farinae hordei quantum sufficit flugantur cataplasma Also you may take the crude juice of cole-worts cane-weed and roses beaten and pressed out and of these incorporated with oil of roses and barly-meal make a cataplasm In winter-time when as these things cannot be had green you may use unguent infrigidanâ— Galeni populeon A cerâ—te with opium Or else â„ž cerae albae â„¥ i. croci ℈ i opii ℈ iiii olei rosati quantum sufficit macerentur opium crocus in acelo deinde terantur et incorporentur cum cera et oleo fiat cetatum spread it upon a cloth and lay it upon the part and all about it and let it be often renewed Some cut frogs open and apply them to the grieved part It is confirmed by sundry mens experience that pâ—in of the Sciatica when it would yeeld to no other remedy to have been asswaged by anointing the affected part with the mucous water or gelly of Snails The water of Snails being used for the space of seven or eight daies truth whereof was assured me by the worthy Gentleman the Lord of Longemau a man of great honesty and credit who himself was troubled for six months space with the Sciatica This water is thus made Take fifty or sixty red Snails put them in a copper-pot or kettle and sprinkle them over with common salt and keep them so for the space of a day then press them in a course or hair-cloth in the expressed liquor dip linnen rags and apply them so dipped to the part affected and renew them often But if there be great inflammation the Snails shall he boiled in Vinegar and rose-Rose-water They say that Citrons or Oranges boiled in Vinegar and beaten in a mortar and incorporated with a little barly or bean flower are good against these pains Or else â„ž â—â—morum coctorum in lacte lb. i. butyri â„¥ i. vitellos ovorum nu ii aceti â„¥ i fiat cataplasma There are some who take chees-curd newly made and mix it in a mortar with oil of Roses and barly-meal and so apply it it represseth inflammation and asswageth pain Others mix cassia newly extracted forth of the cane with the juice of Gourds or Melons Others apply to the part the leavs of Coleworts and Dane-weed or smallage or all three mixed together and beaten with a little Vinegar Others macerate or steep an ounce of linseed in Wort and make the mucilage extracted therefrom into a Cataplasm with some oil of Roses and barly-meal Some put oil of poppies to the pulp of Citrulls or Gourds being beaten and so incorporate them together and apply it An history This following medicine hath its credit from a certain Gascoin of Basas that was throughly cured therewith when as he had been vexed long and much with gouty pains above the common custom of such as are troubled with that disease Thus it is Take a great ridg-tile thick and strong and heat it red hot in the fire A particulars stove then put it into such another tile of the same bigness but cold least it should burn the bed-clothes then forthwith fill the hot one with so many Dane-wort-leaves that the patient may safely lay the affected part therein without any danger of burnâ—ng it Then let the patient endure the heat that comes there from and by sweat receive the fruit thereof for the space of an hour substituting fresh Dane-wort-leaves if the forme become too drie as also another hot tile if the former shall grow too cold before the hour be ended This being done let the part be dried with warm and drie linnen clothes Use this particular stove for the space of fifteen daies and that in the morning fasting afterward annoint the part with this following ointment An ointment of the juice of Dane-wurt â„ž succi â—buli lb. i. ss olei com lb. i. misceantur simul and let them be put into a straight mouthed glass and well luted up then let it boil in balneo Mariae being first mixed with some wine untill the half thereof be consumed for the space of ten or twelve hours then let it cool and so keep it for use adding thereto in the time of anointing some few dropâ— of aqua
sweat runs a quite contrary course and this is the opinion of many and great Physcians Hip aph ult sect 6. This first decoction being boiled out and strained the like quantity of water shall be put to the stuff or mass that so being boiled again without any further inâ—usion and strained with the addition of a little cinnamon for the strengthening of the stomach the patient may use it at his meals and between his meals if he be drie for his ordinary drink How and in what quantity the decoction must taken The quantity of the first decoction to be taken at once ought to be some five or six ounces and it shall be drunk warm that so it may be the sooner brought into action and least the actual coldness should offend the stomach and then the patient being well covered shall keep himself in bed and there expect sweat which if it come slowly on it shall be helped forwards with stone-bottles filled full of water and put to the sores of the feet If any parts in the interim shall be much pained they shall be comforted by applying of swines-bladders half filled with the same decoction heated Neither will it be unprofitable before the decoction be drunk to rub over all the body with warm linnen clothes that by this means the humors may be attenuated and the pores of the skin opened When he shall have sweat some two hours the parts opposite to the grieved places How to drie the sweat of the body shall first be wiped then presently but more gently the grieved parts themselves least a greater conflux of humors flow thereto These things being done he shall keep himself in bed shunning the cold air untill he be cooled and come to himself again some two hours after he shall so dine as the disease and his former custome shall seem to require six hours after betakeing himself to his bed he shall drink the like quantity of the decoction and order himself as before But if he be either weak or weary of his bed it shall be sufficient to keep the house without lying down for although he shall not sweat yet there will be a great dissipation of the vapors and venenate spirits by insensible transpiration for the Lues venerea by the only communication of these often times catcheth hold and propagates it self in lying with a bedfellow tainted therewith But as it is requisite to have let blood and purged the body by the advice of a Physician before the taking of the decoction of Guaicum so whilst he doth take it it much conduceth to keep the belly soluble which is much bound by the heat and driness of such a drink and to preserve the purity of the first veins by a glyster How long this decoct on must be used or laxative medicine taken every fifth or sixth day But for the use of it we muâ—â— warily observe taking indication not only from the malignity and contumacy of the disease but also from the particular nature of the patient for such as have their body wasted by heat and leanness and their skin drie and scaly whence you may gather a great adustion of the humors as it were a certain incineration of the habit of the body must more sparingly make use of these things but rather temper the body by humecting things taken inwardly and applyed outwardly as bathes ointments without Quick-silver and other such like things And then a very weak decoction of Guaicum shall be used for a few dâ—ies before your unction with Quick-silver A more plentiful diet The manner of diet as it draws forth the disease which of its own nature is long so a more sparing and slender diet makes the ulcers more rebellious and contumacious by a hectick dryness Therefore a middle course must be kept and meats made choice of which are fit and naturally engender good and laudable juice in the body For it is not only great ignorance but much mo e cruelty to go about to contain all patients without any difference within the strait allowance of four ounces of Ship-bisket and twelve damask prunes for I judg it far better to diet the patient with Lamb Veal Kid Pullets fat Larks and black-birds as those which have a greater familiarity with our bodies then Prunes and the like Junkets Let his bread be made of white wheat To whom and what manner of wine may be allowed well leavened neither too new or tough neither too old or hard Let his drink be made of the mass or strainings of the first decoction of Guaicum boiled with more water as was formerly mentioned yet if there arise any great weakness of the faculties you may permit the use of some little wine drinking especially before each a cup of the last mentioned decoction Let him avoid sleep presently after meat for so the head is filled with gross vapors Passions or perturbations of the minde must also be avoided for that by these the spirits are inflamed and dissipated all the delights of honest pleasure are to be desired but venery wholly avoided as that which weakens all the nervous parts The description of China Many instead of a decoction of Guaicum use a decoction of China Now this China is the root of a certain Rush knotty rare and heavy when it is fresh but light when it is waxed old it is also without smell whence many judge it void of any effectual quality it is brought into use out of India it is thus prepared it is cut into thin round slices boiled in fountain or river water and is given to patients to drink morning and evening after this manner â„ž rad chin in taleol The preparation sect â„¥ ii aquae font lbxii infundantur per hor. xii coquantur ad consumption tertiae partis Let him take â„¥ vi in the morning and so much at night let him expect a sweat in his bed a second decoction may be made of the mass remaining of the first but with a less quantity of water put thereto which also by longer boiling may draw forth the strength remaining in the mass and be used at meals for ordinary drink There are some who make a third decoction thereof but that is wholly unprofitable and unuseful Of Sarsaparilla Sarsaparilla is prepared also just after the same manner CHAP. IX Of the second manner of cureing the Lues Venerea which is performed by friction or unction THe cure of the Lues Venerea which is performed by unction and friction is more certain yet not in every kinde condition and season thereof For if the disease be inveterate from an humor tough gross viscous and more tenaciously fixed in the solid parts as you may gather by the knotty tumors of the bones for then we are so far from doing any good with a friction used at the first that on the contrary we bring the patient in danger of his life When the body
is thirsty Or else put the flesh of one old Capon and of a leg of Veal two minced Partridges and two drams of whole Cinnamon without any liquor in a Limbeck of glass well lated and covered and so let them boil in Balneo Mariae unto the perfect conâ—oction For so the fleshes will be boiled in their own juice without any hurt of the fire then â—et the juice be pressed out there-hence with a Press give the patient for every dose one ounce of the juice with some cordial waters some Trisantalum and Diamargaritum frigidum The preserves of sweet fruits are to be avoided because that sweet things turn into choler but the confection of tart prunes Cherries and such like may be fitly used But because there is no kinde of sickness that so weakens the strength as the plague it is alwaies necessary but yet sparingly and often to feed the patient still having respect unto his custom age the region and the time for through emptiness there is no great danger lest that the venomous matter that is driven out to the superficiall parts of the body should be called back into the inward parts by an hungry stomach and the stomach it self should be filled with cholerick hot thin and sharp excremental humors whereof cometh biting of the stomach and gripings in the guts CHAP. VII What drink the patient infected ought to use IF the fever be great and burning the patient must abstain from wine unless that he be subject to swounding and he may drink the Oxymel following in stead thereof An Oxymel Take of fair water three quarts wherein boil four ounces of hony until the third part be consumed scumming it continually then strain it and put it into a clean vessel and add thereto four ounces of vinegar and as much cinnamon as will suffice to give it a tast Or else a sugred water as followeth Take two quarts of fair water of hard sugar six ounces of Cinnamon two ounces strain it through a woollen bag or cloth without any boiling and when the patient will use it put thereto a little of the juice of Citrons The syrup of the juice of Citrons excelleth amongst all others that are used against the pestilence A Julip The use of the Julip following is also very wholsome Take of the juice of Sorrel well clarified half a pinte of the juice of Lettuce so clarified four ounces of the best hard sugar one pound boil them together to a perfection then let them be strained and clarified adding a little before the end a little vinegar and so let it be used between meals with boiled water or with equal portions of the water of Sorrel Lettuce Scabious and Bugloss or take of this former described Julip strained and clarified four ounces let it be mixed with one pound of the fore-named cordial waters and boil them together a little And when they are taken from the fire put thereto of yellow Sanders one dram of beaten Cinnamon half a dram strain it through a cloth when it is cold let it be given the patient to drink with the juice of Citrons Those that have been accustomed to drink sider perry bear or ale ought to use that drink still so that it be clear transparent and thin and made of those fruits that are somewhat tart for troubled and dreggish drink doth not only engender gross humors but also crudities windiness and obstructions of the first region of the body whereof comes a fever The commodities of oxycrate Oxycrate being given in manner following doth asswage the heat of the fever and repress the putrefaction of the humors and the fierceness of the venom and also expelleth the water through the veins if so be that the patients are not troubled with spitting of blood cough yexing and altogether weak of stomach To whom hurtfull for such must avoid tart things Take of fair water one quart of white or red vinegar three ounces of fine sugar four ounces of syrup of Roses two ounces boil them a little and then give rhe patient thereof to drink Or take of the juice of Limmons and Citrons of each half an ounce of the juice of sowr Pomgranats two ounces of the water of Sorrel and Roses of each an ounce of fair water boiled as much as shall suffice make thereof a Julip and use it between meals Or take the syrup of Limmons and of red currans of each one ounce of the water of Lillies four ounces of fair water boyled half a pinte make thereof a Julip Or take of the syrups of water-Lillies and vinegar of each half an ounce dissolve it in five ounces of the water of Sorrel of fair water one pinte make thereof a Julip But if the patient be young and have a strong and good stomach and cholerick by nature The drinking of cold water whom and when profitable I think it not unmeet for him to drink a full and large draught of fountain-water for that is effectual to restrain and quench the heat of the Fever and contrariwise they that drink cold water often and a very small quantity at a time as the Smith doth sprinkle water on the fire at his Forge do increase the heat and burning and thereby make it endure the longer Therefore by the judgment of Celsus when the disease is in the chief increase and the patient hath endured thirst for the space of three or four daies cold water must be given unto him in great quantity so that he may drink past his satiety that when his belly and stomach are filled beyond measure Lib. 3. cap. 7. and sufficiently cooled he may vomit Some do not drink so much thereof as may cause them to vomit but do drink even unto satiety and so use it for a cooling medicine but when either of these is done the patient must be covered with many cloaths and so placed that he may sleep and for the most part after long thirst and watching and after long fulness and long and great heat sound sleep cometh by which great sweat is sent out and that is a present help But thirst must sometimes be quenched with little pieces of Melons Gourds Cucumbers with the leaves of Lettuce Sorrel and Purslain made moist or soaked in cold water or with a little square piece of a Citron Limmon or Orange macerated in Rose-water and sprinkled with Sugar and so held in the mouth and then changed But if the patient be aged his strength weak flegmatick by nature and given to wine when the state of the Fever is somewhat past and the chief heat beginning to asswage he may drink wine very much allayed at his meat for to restore his strength and to supply the want of the wâ—â—â—ed spirits The patient ought not by any means to suffer great thirst but must mitigate it by drinking or else allay it by washing his mouth with oxycrate and such like and he may therein also wâ—sh his hands and his
is done for the most part within twenty dales after the birth if the woman be not in danger of a fever nor have any other accident let her enter into a bath made of marjerom mint sage rosemary mugwort agrimony penniroyal the flowrs of camomil melilote dill being boiled in most pure and clear running water All the day following let another such like bath be prepared whereunto let these things following be added â„ž farin fabarum aven an lb iii. farin orobi lupinor gland an lb i. aluminis râ—ch â„¥ iv salis com lb ii gallarum nucum cupressiâ— an â„¥ iii. rosar rub m. vi caryophyl nucum moschat an Ê’iii boil them all in common water then sew them all in a clean linnen cloth as is were in a bag and cast them therein into the bath wherein Iron red hot hath been extinguished and let the woman that hath lately travailed sit down therein so long as she pleaseth and when she commeth out let her be laid warm in bed and let her take some preserved Orange-pill or bread toasted and dipped in Hippocras or in wine brewed with spices and then let her sweat if the sweat will come forth of its own accord A stringent so mentations for the privy parts On the next day let astringent fomentations be applied to the genitals on this wise prepared â„ž gallar nucum cupressi corticum granat an â„¥ i. rosar rub m. i. thymi majotan an m. ss alaminis rochae salis com an Ê’ii boil them all together in red wine and make thereof a decoction for a fomentation A distilled liquor for to draw together the dugs that are loose and slack for the fore-named use The distilled liquor following is very excellent and effectual to confirm and to draw in the dugs or any other loose parts â„ž caryophil nucis moschat nucum cupressi an â„¥ iss mastich â„¥ ii alumin. rech â„¥ iss glandium corticis querni an lb ss rosar rubr m. i. cort granat â„¥ ii terrae sigillat â„¥ i. cornn cervi usti â„¥ ss myrtillor sanguinis dracon an â„¥ i. boli amini â„¥ ii ireos florent â„¥ i. sumach berber Hippuris an m. ss conquassentur omnia macerentur spatio duorum dierum in lb. F. aquae rosarum lb.ii. prunorum syvestr mespilerum pomorum quernorum lb. ss aquae fabrorum aceti denique fortiss â„¥ iv afterward distill it over a gentle fire and keep the distilled liquor for your use wherewith let the parts be fomented twice in a day And after the fomentation let wollen cloaths or stupes of linnen cloth be dipped in the liquor and then pressed out and laid to the place When all these things are done and past the woman may again keep company with her husband CHAP. XXIX What the causes of difficult and painful travail in childe-birth are The causes of the difficult childe-birth that are in the woman that travaileth THe fault dependeth sometimes on the mother and sometimes on the infant or child within the womb On the mother if she be more fat if she be given to gormanoize or great eating if she be too lean or young as Savanarola thinketh her to be that is great with childe at nine years of age or unexpert or more old or weaker then she should be either by nature or by some accident as by diseases that she hath had a little before the time of childe-birth or with a great flux of blood But those that fall in travail before the full and prefixed time are very difficult to deliver because the fruit is yet unripe and not ready or easie to be delivered If the neck or orifice of the womb be narrow either from the first conformation or afterwards by some chance as by an ulcer cicatrized or more hard and callous by reason that it hath been torn before at the birth of some other childe and so cicatrized again so that if the cicatrized place be not cut even in the moment of the deliverance both the childe and the mother will be in danger of death also the rude handling of the midwife may hinder the free deliverance of the childe The passions of the minde binder the birth Oftentimes women are letted in travail by shamefac'tness by reason of the presence of some man or hate to some woman there present If the secundine be pulled away sooner then it is necessary it may cause a great flux of blood to fill the womb so that then it cannot perform his exclusive faculty no otherwise then the bladder when it is distended by reason of over-abundance of water that is therein cannot cast it forth so that there is a stoppage of the urine But the womb is much rather hindred or the faculty of childe-birth is stopped or delayed if together with the stopping of the secundine there be either a Mole or some other body contrary to nature in the womb In the secundines of two women whom I delivered of two children that were dead in their bodies I found a great quantity of sird like unto that which is found about the banks of rivers so that the gravel or sand that was in each secundine was a full pound in weight Also the infant may be the occasion of difficult childe-birth as if too big The causes of d fficult child-birth thâ—t are in the infant if it come overthwart if it come with its face upwards and its buttocks forwards if it come with its feet and hands both forwards at once it it be dead and swoun by reason of corruption if it be monstrous if it have two bodies or two heads if it be manifold or seven-fold as Allucrasis affirmeth he hath seen if there be a mole annexed thereto if it be very weak if when the waters are stowed out it doth not move nor stir or offer its self to come forth Yet notwithstanding it happeneth sometimes that the fault is neither in the mother nor the childe but in the air which being cold The exâ—ernal causes of difficult childe-birth doth so binde congeal and make stiff the genital parts that they cannot be relaxed or being contrariwise too hot it weakneth the woman that is in travail by reason that it wasteth the spirits wherein all the strength consisteth or in the ignorant or unexpert midwife who cannot artificially rule and govern the endeavors of the woman in travail The birth is wont to be easie if it be in the due and prefixed natural time Which is an easie birth What causeth easiness of child-birth if the childe offer himself lustily to come forth with his head forwards presently after the waters are come forth and the mother in like manner luâ—ty and strong those which are wont to be troubled with very difficult childe-birth ought a little before the time of the birth to go into an half-tub filled with the decoction of mollifying roots and seeds to have their genitals womb and neck thereof to be annointed with
Tertian a great pricking stretching or stiffness as if there were pins thrust into us over all our bodies by reason of the acrimony of the cholerick humor driven uncertainly and violently over all the body and the sensible membranous and nervous particles at the beginning of the fit then presently the heat becomes acrid the Feaver kindled like a fire in dry straw the pulse is great quick and equal the tongue dry the Urin yellowish red and thin The Symptoms are watchings thirst The Symptomes talking idlely anger disquietness and tossing the body at the least noise or whispering These Feavers are terminated by great sweats They are incident to cholerick young men such as are lean Why Tertians have an absolute cessation of the feaver at the end of each fit and in Summer after the fit oft-times follow cholerick vomiting and yellowish stools After the fit there follows an absolute intermission retaining no reliques of the Feaver until the approach of the following fit because all the cholerick matter by the force of that Fit and Nature is easily cast out of the body by reason of its natural levity and facility whereas in Quotidians there is to such thing as which after the fit always leave in the body a sense and feeling of a certain inequality by reason of the stubbornness of the Phlegmatick humor and dulness to motion The fit commonly uses to endure 4 5 or 6 hours although at some time it may be extended to 8 or 10. This Feaver is ended at 7 fits and usually is not dangerous unless there be some error committed by the Physitian Patient or such as attend him Tertians in Summer are shorter in Winter longer Wherefore the beginning of the fit is accompanyed with stifness or stretching the state with sweat whereupon if the Nose Lips or Mouth break forth into pimples or scabs it is a sign of the end of the Feaver and of the power of Nature which is able to drive the conjunct cause of the disease from the center to the habit of the Body yet these pimples appear not in the declining of all Tertians but only then when the cholerick humor causing the Feaver shall reside in the Stomach or is driven thither from some other part of the first region of the Liver For hence the subtler portion thereof carryed by the continuation of the inner coat to the mouth and nose by its acrimony easily causes Pimples in these places The cure is performed by Diet and Pharmacy Therefore let the Diet be so ordered for the six things not natural The diet of such as have a Tertian When such as have a tertian may use wine The time of feeding the Patient that it may incline to refrigeration and humection as much as the digestive faculty will permit as Lettuce Sorrel Gourds Cowcumbers Mallows Barly Creams Wine mâ—ch alla d with Water thin small and that sparingly and not before signs of concoction shall appear in the Urin for at the beginning he may not use Wine nor in the declining but with these conditions which we have prescribed But for the time of feeding the Patient on that day the fit is expected he must eat nothing for three hours before the fit lest the Aguish heat lighting on such meats as yet crude may corrupt and putrefie them whence the matter of the Feaver may be increased because it is as proper to that heat to corrupt all things as to the native to preserve and vindicate from putrefaction the fit lengthened and nature called away from the concoction and excretion of the Morbifick humor yet we may temper the severity of this Law by having regard to the strength of the Patient for it will be convenient to feed a weak Patient not only before the fit but also in the fit it self but that only sparingly lest the strength should be too much impaired Now for Pharmacy It must be considered whether the strength of the Patient be sufficient When to purge the Patient if the humors abound for then you may prescribe Diaprunum simplex Cassia newly extracted the decoction of Violets of Citrin Myrobalanes Syrups of Violets Roses of Pomegranats and Vinegar But if the powers of the Patient languish he must not only not be purged but also must not draw bloud too plenteously because Cholerick men soon faint by reason of the facile and easie dissipation of the subtle humors and spirits besides such as are subject to Tertian Feavers do not commonly abound with bloud unless it be with Cholerick bloud which must rather be renued or amended by cooling and humecting things than evacuated Yea verily when it is both commodious and necessary to evacuate the body it may be attempted with far more safety by such things as work by insensible transpiration which provoke sweats Vomit or Urin by reason of the subtlety of the Cholerick humor than by any other Also the frequent use of emollient Clysters made with a decoction of Prunes Jujubes Violets Bran and Barley will profit much If the Patient fall into a Delirium or talk idlely by reason of the heat and dryness of the head with a particular excess of the cholerick humor the Head must be cooled by applying to the Temples and Forehead and putting into the Nose Oyl of Violets Roses or Womans Milk Let the feet and legs be bathed in fair and warm water and the soles of the feet be anointed with Oyl of Violets and such like In the declining a Bath made of the branches of Vines the leaves of Willows Lettuce and other refrigerating things boiled in fair water may be profitably used three hours after meat eaten sparingly When the time is fit to use a Bath But I would have you so to understand the Declination or declining not of one particular fit but of the disease in general that the humors already concocted allured to the skin by the warmness of the Bath may more easily and readily breathe forth he which otherwise ordains a Bath at the beginning of the disease will cause a constipation in the skin and habit of the body by drawing thither the humors peradventure tough and gross no evacuation going before What kinds of evacuations are most fit in a Tertian Also it will be good after general purgations to cause sweat by drinking white Wine thin and well tempered with water but Urin by a decocton of Smallage and Dill Certainly sweat is very laudable in every putrid Feaver because it evacuates the conjunct matter of the disease but chiefly in a Tertian by reason that choler by its inbred levity easily takes that way and by its subtilty is easily resolved into sweat But that the sweat may be laudable it is fit it be upon a critical day and be fore-shewed by signs of concoction agreeable to the time and manner of the disease Sweats when as they flow more slowly are forwarded by things taken inwardly and applyed outwardly Sudorificks by things taken inwardly
cast up any quantity of phlegm by vomit and that fit be determinated in a plentiful sweat it shews the Feaver will not long last for it argues the strength of nature the yielding and tenuity of the matter flying up and the excretion of the conjunct cause of the Feaver A Quotidian Feaver is commonly long because the phlegmatick humor being cold Why Quotidians are oft-times long Into what diseases a Quartain usually changes and moist by nature is heavy and unapt for motion neither is it without fear of a greater disease because oft-times it changes into a burning or Quartain feaver especially if it be bred of salt Phlegm for saltness hath affinity with bitterness wherefore by adustion it easily degenerates into it so that it need not seem very strange if Salt phlegmby adustion turn into choler or melancholy Those who recover of a Quotidian-feaver have their digestive faculty very weak wherefore they must not be nourished with store of meats nor with such as are hard to digest In a Quotidian the whole body is filled with crude humors whereby it comes to pass that this Feaver oft-times lasts sixty days But have a care you be not deceived and take a double Tertian for a Quotidian How to distinguish a quotidian from a double tertian because it takes the Patient every day as a Quotidian doth Verily it will be very easie to distinguish these Feavers by the kind of the humor and the propriety of the Symptoms and accidents besides Quotidian commonly take one in the evening or the midst of the night as then when our bodies are refrigerated by the coldness of the air caused by the absence of the Sun Wherefore then the cold humors are moved in us which were bridled a little before by the presence and heat of the Sun But on the contrary double Tertians take one about noon The shortness and gentleness of the fit the plentiful sweat breaking forth the matter being concocted causes us to think the Quotidian short and salutary The cure is performed by two means to wit Diet and Pharmacy Diet. Let the Diet be slender and attenuating let the Patient breathe in a clear air moderately hot and dry let his meats be bread well baked Cock or Chicken broths in which have been boiled the roots of Parsley Sorrel and the like Neither at sometimes will the use of hot meats as those which are spiced and salted When the use of spiced and salted meats are fit be unprofitable especially to such as have their stomach and liver much cooled Let him eat Chickens Mutton Partridge and small Birds River-fishes and such as live in stony-Stony-waters fryed or boyled rear Eggs and such like These fruits are also good for him Raisons stewed Prunes Almonds and Dates Let his drink be small white Wine mixed with boyled water Moderate exexercises will be good as also frictions of the whole body sleep taken at a fitting time and proportioned to waking so that the time of sleep fall not upon the time of the fit When sleep is hurtful for then it hurts very much for calling the heat to the inner parts it doubles the raging of the feaverish heat inwardly in the bowels For the the passions of the mind the Patient must be merry and comforted with a hope shortly to recover his health It seems not amiss to some at the coming of the fit to put the feet and legs into hot water in which Chamomil Dill Melilot Marjerom Sage and Rosemary have been boyled The medicines shall be such syrups as are called digestive and aperitive Medicines as Syrup of Wormwood Mints of the five opening roots Oxymel with a decoction of Chamomil Calamint Melilot Dill and the like or with common decoctions The Purgatives shall be Diaphaenicon Electuarium Diacarthami Hiera picra Agarick Turbith of which you shall make Potions with the water of Mints Balm Hyssop Sage Fennel Endive or the like Pillulae aureae are also good These purgatives shall sometimes be given in form of a bole with Sugar as the Physitian being present shall think most fit and agreeable to the nature of the Patient About the state of the disease you must have a care of the Stomach Care must be bad of the Stomach Vomits and principally of the mouth thereof as being the chief seat of Phlegm wherefore it will be good to anoint it every other day with Oil of Chamomil mixed with a little white Wine as also to unlade it by taking a vomit of the juyce of Radish and much Oxymel or with the decoction of the seeds and roots of Asarum and Chamomill and Syrup of Vinegar will be very good especially at the beginning of the fit when Nature and the humors begin to move for an inveterate Quotidian The use of Treacle in an inveterate quotidian though you can cure it by no other remedy nothing is thought to conduce so much as one dram of old Treacle taken with Sugar in form of a Bole or to drink it dissolved in Aqua vitae CHAP. XXIV Of a Scirrhus or an hard tumor proceeding of Melancholy HAving shewed the nature of tumors caused by bloud choler and phlegm it remains we speak of these which are bred of a melancholick humor of these there are said to be four differences The first is of a true and legitimate Scirrhus that is What a true and legitimate Scirrhus is What an illegimate Scirrhus is of an hard tumor endued with little sense and so commonly without pain generated of a natural melancholick humor The second is of an illegitimate Scirrhus that is of an hard tumor insensible and without pain of a Melancholick humor concrete by too much resolving and refrigerating The third is of a cancrous Scirrhus bred by the corruption and adustion of the Melancholick humor The fourth of a phlegmonous Erysipelous or Oedematous Scirrhus caused by Melancholy mixed with some other humor The cause of all these kinds of Tumors is a gross tough and tenacious humor concrete in any part But the generation of such an humor in the body happens either of an ill and irregular diet or of the unnatural affects of the Liver or Spleen as obstruction or by suppression of the Haemorrhoids or Courses The Signs The signs are hardness renitency a blackish colour and a dilation of the veins of the affected part with blackishness by reason of the abundance of the gross humor The illegitimate or bastard Scirrhus which is wholly without pain and sense and also the cancerous admit no cure and the true legitimate scarse yield to any Prognostick Those which are brought to suppuration easily turn into Cancers and Fistula's these tumors though in the beginning they appear little yet in process of time they grow to a great bigness CHAP. XXV Of the cure of a Scirrhus THe Cure of a Scirrhus chiefly consists of three heads First The Physitian shall prescribe a convenient diet that is sober and
Iron so thrust into a Trunk or Pipe with an hole in it that so no sound part of the mouth may be offended therewith A hollow Trunk with a hole in the side with the hot Iron inserted or put therein CHAP. VIII Of the Angina or Squinzy What it is THe Squinancy or Squincy is a Swelling of the jaws which hinders the entring of the ambient air into the Weazon and the vapours and the spirit from passage forth and the meat also from being swallowed The differences There are three differences thereof The first torments the Patient with great pain no swelling being outwardly apparent by reason the Morbisick humor lyes hid behind the Almonds or Glandules at the Vertebrae of the Neck The first kind so that it cannot be perceived unless you hold down the Tongue with a Spatula or the Speculum oris for so you may see the redness and tumor there lying hid The Symptoms The Patient cannot draw his breath nor swallow down meat nor drink his tongue like a Gray-hound's after a course hangs out of his mouth and he holds his mouth open that so he may the more easily draw his breath to conclude his voyce is as it were drown'd in his jaws and nose he cannot lye upon his back but lying is forced to sit so to breathe more freely and because the passage is stopt the drink flies out at his Nose the Eyes are fiery and swollen and standing out of their orb Those which are thus affected are often sodainly suffocated a foam rising about their mouths The second kind The second difference is said to be that in which the tumor appears inwardly but little or scarse any thing at all outwardly the Tongue Glandules and Jaws appearing somewhat swollen The third The third being least dangerous of them all causes a great swelling outwardly but little inwardly The Causes The Causes are either Internal or External The External are a stroak splinter or the like thing sticking in the Throat or the excess of extreme cold or heat The Internal causes are a more plentiful defluxion of the humors either from the whole body or the Brain which participate of the nature either of bloud choler or flegm but seldom of Melancholy The signs by which the kind and commixture may be known have been declared in the general Treatise of Tumors The Squincy is more dangerous by how much the humor is less apparent within and without That is less dangerous which shews it self outwardly because such an one shuts not up the wayes of the meat nor breath Some dye of a Squincy in twelve hours others inâ—â—o four or seven days Hip. sect 3. proe 2. Apâ—â—r 10 sect 5. Those saith Hippocrates which scape the Squincy the disease passes to the Lungs and they dye within seven dayes but if they scape these days they are suppurated but also oftentimes this kind of disease is terminated by disappearing that is by an obscure reflux or the humor into some noble part as into the Lungs whence the Emprema proceeds and into other principal parts whose violating brings inevitable death sometimes by resolution otherwise by suppuration The way of resolution is the more to be desired it happens when the matter is small and that subtle especially if the Physitian shall draw bloud by opening a vein and the Patient use fitting Gargarisms A Critical Squincy divers times proves deadly by reason of the great falling down of the humor upon the throttle by which the passage of the breath is sodainly shut up Broths must be used made with Capons and Veal seasoned with Lettuce Purslain Sorrel and the cold Seeds If the Patient shall be somewhat weak let him have potched Egges and Barly Creams Diet. the Barly being somewhat boyled with Raisons in Water and Sugar and other meats of this kind Let him be forbidden Wine in stead whereof he may use Hydromelita and Hydrosachara that is drinks made of Water and Honey or Water and Sugar as also Syrups of dryed Roses of Violets Sorrel and Limmons and others of this kind Let him avoid too much sleep But in the mean time the Physitian must be careful of all because this disease is of their kind which brook no delayes Wherefore let the Basilica be presently opened on that side the tumor is the greater Cure then within a short time after the same day for evacuation of the conjunct matter let the vein under the tongue be opened let Cupping-Glasses be applyed sometimes with scarification sometimes without to the neck and shoulders and let frictions and painful ligatures be used to the extreme parts But let the humor impact in the part be drawn away by Clysters and sharp Suppositories Repelling Gargarisms Whilst the matter is in defluxion let the mouth without delay be washed with astringent Gargarisms to hinder the defluxion of the humor lest by its sodain falling down it kill the Patient as it often happens all the Physitians care and diligence notwithstanding Therefore let the mouth be frequently washed with Oxycrate or such a Gargarism â„ž Pomorum sylvest nu iiij sumach Rosar rub an m. ss berber Ê’ ij let them be all boyled with sufficient quantity of water to the consumption of the half adding thereunto of the Wine of sour Pomgranats â„¥ iiij of Diamoron â„¥ ij let it be a little more boyled and make a gargle according to Art And there may be other Gargarisms made of the waters of Plantain Night-shade Verjuyce Julep of Roses and the like But if the matter of the defluxion shall be Phlegmatick Alum Pomgranat-pill Cypress-nuts and a little Vinegar may be safely added But on the contrary Repercussives must not be outwardly applyed but rather Lenitives whereby the external parts may be relaxed and rarified and so the way be open either for the diffusing or resolving the portion of the humor You shall know the humor to begin to be resolved if the Feaver leave the Patient if he swallow speak and breathe more freely if he sleep quietly and the pain begin to be much asswaged Ripening Gargarisms Therefore then Nature's endeavour must be helped by applying resolved medicines or else by using suppuratives inwardly and outwardly if the matter seem to turn into Pus Therefore let Gargarisms be made of the roots of March-Mallows Figs Jujubes Damask-Prunes Dates perfectly boyled in water The like benefit may be had by Gargarisms of Cows-milk with Sugar by Oyl of Sweet-Almonds or Violets warm for such things help forward suppuration and asswage pain let suppurating Cataplasms be applyed outwardly to the neck and throat and the parts be wrapped with wooll moistned with Oyl of Lillies When the Physitian shall perceive that the humor is perfectly turned into pus let the Patients mouth be opened with the Speculum oris and the abscess opened with a crooked and long Incision-knife then let the mouth be now and then washed with cleansing Gargles as â„ž Aquae hordei
the distemper and hardness of the Liver and of the other Bowels whereby it comes to pass that by breeding new waters they may easily again fall into the Dropsie And then the feaver thirst the hot and drie distemper of the bowels all which were mitigated by the touch of the included water are aggravated by the absence thereof being powred forth which thing seemeth to have moved Avicen and Gordonius that he said none the other said very few lived after the Paracentesis but the refutation of all such reasons is very easie Reasons for it For for the first Galen inferrs that harmful dissipation of spirits and resolving the faculties happens when the Paracentesis is not diligently artificially performed As in which the water is presently powred forth truly if that reason have any validity Phlebotomy must seem to be removed far from the number of wholsome remedies as whereby the blood is poured forth which hath far more pure and subtil spirits than those which are said to be diffused and mixed with the Dropsie waters But that danger which the second reason threatens shall easily be avoided the patient being desired to lie upon his back in his bed for so the Liver will not hang down But for the third reason the fear of pricking the Peritonaeum is childish for those evils which follow upon wounds of the nervous parts happen by reason of the exquisit sense of the part which in the Peritonaeum ill affected altered by the contained water is either none or very small But reason and experience teach many nervous parts also the very membranes themselves being far removed from a fleshy substance being wounded admit cute certainly much more the Peritonaeum as that which adheres so straitly to the muscles of the Abdomen that the dissector cannot separate it from the flesh but with much labor But the reason which seems to argue the unprofitableness of Paracentesis is refelled by the authority of Celsus Lib. 3. cap. 21. I saith he am not ignorant that Erasistratus did not like Paracentesis for he thought the Dropsie to be a disease of the Liver and so that it must be cured and that the water was in vain let forth which the Liver being vitiated might grow again But first this is not the fault of this bowel alone and then although the water had his original from the Liver yet unless the water which stayeth there contrary to nature be evacuated it hurteth both the Liver and the rest of the inner parts whilst it either encreaseth their hardness or at the least keepeth it hard and yet notwithstanding it is fit the body be cured And although the once letting forth of the humor profit nothing yet it makes way for medicines which while it was there contained it hindered But this serous salt and corrupt humor is so far from being able to mitigate a feaver and thirst that on the contrary it increaseth them And also it augmenteth the cold distemper whilst by its abundance it overwhelms and extinguisheth the native heat But the authority of Celius Aurelianus that most noble Physitian though a Methodick may satisfie Avicen and Gordonius They saith he which dare avouch that all such as have the water let out by opening their belly have died do lie Lib. de morb Ch. cap. de Hydrope for we have seen many recover by this kind of remedy but if any died it happened either by the default of the slow or negligent administration of the Paracentesis I will add this one thing which may take away all error or controversie we unwisely doubt of the Remedy when the Patient is brought to that necessity that we can only help him by that means Now must we shew how the belly ought to be opened If the Dropsie happen by fault of the Liver the section must be made on the left side The places of the apertion must be divers according to the parts chiefly affected but if of the Spleen in the right for if the patient should lie upon the side which is opened the pain of the wound would continually trouble him and the water running into that part where the section is would continually drop whence would follow a dissolution of the faculties The Section must be made three fingers breadth below the Navell to wit at the side of the right muscle but not upon that which they call the Linea Alba neither upon the nervous parts of the rest of the muscles of the Epigastrium that so we may prevent pain and difficulty of healing The manner of making apertion Therefore we must have a care that the Patient lye upon his right side if the incision be made in the left or on the left if on the right Then the Chirurgion both with his own hand as also with the hand of his servant assisting him must take up the skin of the belly with the fleshy pannicle lying under it and separate them from the rest then let him divide them so separated with a Section even to the flesh lying under them which being done let him force as much as he can the divided skin upwards towards the stomach that when the wound which must presently be made in the flesh lying there-under shall be consolidated the skin by its falling therein may serve for that purpose then therefore let him divide the musculous flesh and Peritonaeum with a small wound not hurting the Kall or Guts Then put into the wound a trunk or golden or silver crooked pipe of the thickness of a Gooses-quill and of the length of some half a finger Let that part of it which goes into the capacity of the belly have something a broad head and that perforated with two small holes by which a string being fastened it may be bound so about the body that it cannot be moved unless at the Chirurgeons pleasure Let a spunge be put into the pipe which may receive the dropping humor and let it be taken out when you would evacuate the water but let it not be poured out altogether but by little and little for fear of dissipation of the spirits and resolution of the faculties which I once saw happen to one sick of the Dropsie A History He being impatient of the disease and cure thereof thrust a Bodkin into his belly and did much rejoice at the pouring forth of the water as if he had been freed from the humor and the disease but died within a few hours because the force of the water running forth could by no means be staied for the incision was not artificially made But it will not be sufficient to have made way for the humor by the means aforementioned A caution for taking out the pipe but also the external orifice of the pipe must be stopped and strengthned by double cloaths and a strong ligature lest any of the water flow forth against our wills But we must note that the pipe is not to be drawn out
by amputation or cutting it away but you must diligently observe that the flesh be not grown too high and have already seized upon the groin for so nothing can be attempted without the danger of life But if any man think that he in such a case may somewhat ease the Patient by the cutting away of some portion of this same soft flesh The Cure he is deceived For a Fungus will grow if the least portion thereof be but left being an evil far worse than the former but if the Tumor be either small or indifferent the Chirurgeon taking the whole tumor that is the testicle tumified through the whole substance with the process incompassing it and adhering thereto on every side and make an Incision in the Cod even to the tumor then separate all the tumid body that is the Testicle from the Cod then let him thrust a needle with a strong thred in it through the midst of the process above the region of the swoln testicle and then presently let him thrust it the second time through the same part of the process then shall both the ends of the Thred be tied on a knot the other middle portion of the Peritonaeum being comprehended in the same knot This being done he must cut away the whole process with the testicle comprehended therein But the ends of the thred with which the upper part of the process was bound must be suffered to hang some length out of the wound or Incision of the Cod. Then a repercussive medicine shall be applyed to the wound and the neighbouring parts with a convenient ligature And the cure must be performed as we have formerly mentioned What a Cirsocele is The Cirsocele is a tumor of veins dilated and woven with a various and mutual implication about the Testicle and Cod and swelling with a gross and melancholy bloud The causes are the same as those of the Varices But the signs are manifest The Cure To heal this Tumor you must make an Incision in the Cod the bredth of two fingers to the Varix Then put under the Varicous vein a Needle having a double thred in it as high as you can that you may bind the roots thereof then let the Needle be again put after the same manner about the lower part of the same vein leaving the space of two fingers between the ligatures But before you bind the thred of this lowest ligature the Varix must be opened in the midst almost after the same manner as you open a vein in the arm to let bloud That so this gross Bloud causing a Tumor in the Cod may be evacuated as is usually done in the cure of the Varices The wound that remains shall be cured by the rules of Art after the manner of other wounds leaving the threds in it which presently fall away of themselves To conclude then it being grown callous especially in the upper part thereof where the vein was bound it must be cicatrized for so afterwards Bloud cannot be strained or run that way Hernia Humoralis Hernia Humoralis is a tumor generated by the confused mixture of many humors in the Cod or between the Tunicles which involve the Testicles often also in the proper substance of the Testicles It hath like causes signs and cures as other Tumors While the cure is in hand Rest Trusses and fit Rowlers to sustain and bear up the Testicles are to be used CHAP. XVIII Of the falling down of the Fundament WHen the Muscle called the Sphincter which ingirts the Fundament is relaxed The causes then it comes to pass that it cannot sustain the right gut This disease is very frequent to Children by reason of the too much humidity of the Belly which falling down upon that Muscle mollifieth and relaxeth it or presseth it down by an unaccustomed weight so that the Muscles called Levatores Ani or the lifters up of the Fundament are not sufficient to bear up any longer A great Bloudy-flux gives occasion to this effect A strong endevour to expel hard excrements the Haemorrhoids which suppressed do over-load the right gut but flowing relax it Cold as in those which go without Breeches in Winter or sit a long time upon a cold Stone a stroak or fall upon the Holy-bone a Palsie of Nerves which go from the Holy-bone to the Muscles the lifters up of the Fundament the weight of the Stone being in the Bladder That this Disease may be healed we must forbid the Patient too much drinking The cure too often eating of Broth and from feeding on cold Fruits For local medicines the part must be fomented with an astringent decoction made of the rinds of Pomegranats Galls Myrtles Knotgrass Shepherds-purse Cypress Nuts Alum and common Salt boyled in smiths-Smiths-water or Red-wine After the fomentation let the Gut be anointed with Oyl of Roses or Myrtles and then let it be gently put by little and little into its place charging the Child if he can understand your meaning to hold his breath When the Gut shall be resotred the part must be diligently wiped lest the Gut fall down again by reason of the slipperiness of the unction Then let the powder prescribed for the falling down of the Womb be put into the Fundament as far as you can Then you must straitly bind the Loins with a swathe to the midst whereof behind let another be fastned which may be tied at the Pubes coming along the Peritonaeum so to hold up the Fundament the better to contain it in its place a Spunge dipt in the astringent decoction The Patient if he be of sufficient age to have care of himself shall be wished when he goes to Stool that he sit upon two pieces of wood being set some inch a sunder lest by his straining he thrust forth the Gut together with the excrement but if he can do it standing he shall never by straining thrust forth the Gut But if the Gut cannot by the prescribed means be restored to its place Hippocrates hiâ— cure Hippocrates bids that the Patient hanging by the heels be shaken for so the Gut by that shaking will return to his place but the same Hippocrates wisheth to anoint the Fundament because that remedy having a drying faculty hath also power to resolve the flatulent humors without any acrimony by reason of which the Gut was the less able to be contained in his place CHAP. XIX Of the Paronychia THe Paronychia or Panaris is a tumor in the ends of the fingers with great inflammation What the Paronychia is coming of a malign and venemous humor which from the Bones by the Periosteum is communicated to the Tendons and Nerves of that part which it affecteth whereof cruel symptoms do follow as pulsifique pain a Feaver restlesness so that the affected through impatiency of the pain are variously agitated like those tormented with Carbuncles for which cause Guido and Johannes de Vigo judge this disease to be
in the amputation of a member And it happens by the puncture of a venemous beast or from seed retained or corrupted in the womb or from a Gangrene or Sphacel from a venenate and putrid air carryed up to the Brain or from a sodain tumult and fear Lastly what things soever with any distemper The Cure especially hot do hurt and debilitate the mind These may cause doting by the afflux of humors specially cholerick by dissipation oppression or corruption of the spirits Therefore if it shall proceed from the inflammation of the Brain and Meninges or Membranes thereof after purging and bloud-letting by the prescription of a Physitian the hair being shaved or cut off the head shall be fomented with Rose-Vinegar and then an Emplaister of Diacalcitheos dissolved in Oyl and Vinegar of Roses shall be laid thereupon Sleep shall be procured with Barly creams wherein the seeds of white Poppy have been boyled with broths made of the decoction of the cold seeds of Lettuce Purslain Sorrel and such like Cold things shall be applyed to his Nostrils as the seeds of Poppy gently beaten with rose-Rose-water and a little Vinegar Let him have merry and pleasant companions that may divert his mind from all cogitation of sorrowful things and may ease and free him of cares and with their sweet intreaties may bring him to himself again But if it happen by default of the spirits you must seek remedy from those things which have been set down in the Chapter of Swooning The End of the Ninth Book The Tenth BOOK Of the Green and Bloudy WOVNDS of each Part. CHAP. I. Of the kinds or differences of a broken Skull NOw that we have briefly treated of Wounds in general that is of their differences signs causes prognosticks and cure and also shewed the reason of the accidents and symptoms which usually follow and accompany them it remains that we treat of them as they are incident to each part because the cure of wounds must be diversly performed according to the diversity of the parts Now we will begin with the wounds of the head The differences of a broken Head Therefore the head hath the hairy scalp lightly bruised without any wound otherwhiles it is wounded without a Contusion and sometimes it is both contused and wounded but a fracture made in the skull is sometimes superficiary sometimes it descends even to the Diploe sometimes it penetrates through the 2 Tables and the Meninges into the very substance of the Brain besides the Brain is oft-times moved and shaken with breaking of the internal veins and divers symptoms happen when there appears no wound at all in the head of all and every of which we will speak in order and add their cure especially according to the opinion of the divine Hippocrates He in his Book of the wounds of the head seems to have made 4 or 5 kinds of fractures of the skull The kinds of a broken Skull out of Hippocrates The first is called a fissure or fracture the second a contusion or collision the third is termed Effractura the fourth is named Sedes or a seat the fifth if you please to add it you may call a Counterfissure or as the interpreter of Paulus calls it a Resonitus As when the Bone is cleft on the contrary side to that which received the stroak Differences from their quantity Differences from their figure From their complication There are many differences of these five kinds of a broken skull For some fractures are great some small and others indifferent some run out to a greater length or bredth others are more contracted some reside only in the superficies others descend to the Diploe or else pierce through both the Tables of the Skull some run in a right line others in an oblique and circular some are complicated amongst themselves as a Fissure is necessarily and alwayes accompained with a Collision or Contusion and others are associated with divers accidents as pain heat swelling bleeding and the like Sometimes the Skull is so broken that the Membrane lying under it is pressed with shivers of the Bone as with pricking needles Somewhiles none of the Bones fall off All which differences are diligently to be observed because they force us to vary cure and therefore for the help of memory I have thought good to describe them in the following Table A Table of the Fractures of the Skull A Fracture or Solution of continuity in the Skull is caused either by Contusion that is a collision of a thing bruising hard heavy and obtuse which shall fall or be smitten against the head or against which the head shall be knocked so that the broken Bones are divided or Keep their natural figure and site touching each other whence proceeds that fracture of the Skull which is called a fissure which is Either manifest and apparent that is To your sight To your feeling Or instrument Or obscure and not manifest when as not the part which received the blow is wounded but the contrary thereto and that happens either In the same Bone and that two manner of ways as On the side as for example when the right side of the Bone of the Forehead is strucken the left is cleft Or from above to below as when not the first Table which received the blow is cleft but that which is under it In divers Bones to wit in such men as want Sutures or have them very close or disposed other-wayes then is fit and this opposition is either From the right side to the left and so on the contrary as when the right Bregma is struck and the left cleft From before to behind and the contrary as when the Forehead is smitten the Nowl is cleft Or between both that is the obscure and manifest as that which is termed a Capillary fissure and is manifested by smearing it over with Oyl and writing Ink. Or lose their site and that either Wholly so that the particles of the broken Bone removed from their seat and falling down press the Membrane whence proceeds that kind of effracture which retains a kind of attrition when as the Bone struck upon is broken as it were into many fragments shivers and scales either apparent or hid in the sound Bone so that it is pressed down Or in some sort as when the broken bone is in some part separated but in others adheres to the whole Bone whence another kind of effracture arises you may call it arched when as the Bone so swels up that it leaves an empty space below Or by incision of a sharp or cutting thing but that incision is made either by Succision when the bone is so cut that in some part it yet adheres to the sound Bone Rescission when the fragment falls down wholly broken off Or Seat when the mark of the weapon remains imprinted in the wound that the wound is of no more length nor breadth than the weapon fell upon Another Table of the
young men and more slowly in old And thus much may serve for Prognosticks Now will we treat as briefly and perspicuously as we can of the cure both in general and particular wherefore beginning with the general we will first prescribe a convenient Diet by the moderate use of the six things not natural CHAP. XIV Of the general cure of a broken Skull and of the Symptoms usually happening thereupon THe first cure must be to keep the Patient in a temperate air and if so be How the air ought to be that it be not such of it self and its own proper nature it must be corrected by Art As in winter he must have a clear fire made in his chamber lest the smoak cause sneesing and other accidents and the windows and doors must be kept shut to hinder the approach of the cold air and wind All the time the wound is kept open to be drest some body standing by shall hold a chafendish full of coals or a heated Iron bar over the wound at such a distance that a moderate heat may pass thence to the wound and the frigidity of the encompassing air may be corrected by the breathing of the diffused heat For cold according to the opinion of Hippocrates is an Enemy to the Brain Bones Aphor. 18. sect 5. Nerves and spinal marrow it is also hurtful to ulcers by suppressing their excrements which supprest do not only hinder suppuration but also by corrosion makes them sinuous Therefore Galen rightly admonisheth us to keep cold from the Brain not only in the time of trepaning but also afterwards For there can be no greater nor more certain harm befal the fractured skull than by admitting the air by such as are unskilful For if the air should be hotter than the Brain Lib. 2. de usâ— part cap. 2. then it could not thence be refrigerated but if the brain should be laid open to the air in the midst of Summer when it is at the hottest yet would it be refrigerated The Air though in Summeâ— is colder than the brain and unless it were relieved with hot things take harm this is the opinion of Galen whereby you may understand that many who have the r Skulls broken dye more through default of skill in the curing than by the greatness of the fracture But when the wound is bound up with the pledgets cloths and rowlers as is fit if the air chance to be more hot than the Patient can well endure let it be amended by sprinkling and strawing the chamber with cold water oxycrate the branches of Willows and Vine Neither is it sufficient to shun the too cold air unless also you take heed of the over light chiefly until such time as the most feared and malign symptoms are past For a too great light dissipates the spirits increases pain strengthens the feaver and symptoms The discommodities of too much Light Hippocrates wholly forbids wine therefore the Patient instead thereof must drink Barly water fair water boyled and tempered with Julep of roses syrup of Violets vinegar the like water wherein bread crums have been steeped Water and Sugar with a little juyce of Limmons What his drink must be or Pomecitron added thereto and such like as the ability and taste of the Patient shall require Let him continue such drinks until he be free from malign symptoms which usually happen within fourteen days His meat shall be pap Ptisan shunning Almond-milks for Almonds are said to fill the Head with vapours and cause pain stued Damask Prunes Raisons and Currants seasoned with Sugar Almonds increase the pain of the head and a little Cinamon which hath a wonderful power to comfort the stomach and revive and exhilarate the Spirits Chickens Pidgeons Veal Kid Leverets Birds of the fields Pheasons Black-birds Turtles Partridges Thrushes Larks and such like meats of good digestion boyled with Lettuce Purslain Sorrel Borage Bugloss Succory Endive and the like are thought very convenient in this case If he desire at any time to feed on meats rosted he may only dipping them in Verjuyce in the acid juyces of Oranges Citrons Limons or Pomegranates sometimes in one and sometimes in another What fish he may eat according to his tast and ability If any have a desire to eat fish he must make choyce of Trouts Gudgeons Pikes and the like which live in running and clear waters and not in muddy he shall eschew all cold Sallets and Pulse because they fly up and trouble the head it will be convenient after meat to use common dridg powder or Aniseed Fennel-seed or Coriander-comfits also Conserve of Roses or Marmilate of Quinces to shut up the orifice of the Ventricle lest the head should be offended with vapours arising from thence Aphor. 13. 14. sect 1. Children must eat often but sparingly for children cannot fast so long as those which are elder because their natural heat is more strong wherefore they stand in need of more nourishment so also in winter all sorts of people require more plentiful nourishment for that then their stomachs are more hot than in Summer Aphor. 15. sect 2. When the fourteenth day is past if neither a Feaver nor any thing else forbids he may drink wine moderately and by little and little encrease his diet but that respectively to each one's nature strength and custom He shall shun as much as in him lies sleep on the day time unless it happen that a Phlegmon seise upon the brain or the Meninges Why sleep upon the day time is good for the brain being inflamed Lib. 2. Epidem For in this case it will be expedient to sleep on the day time especially from morning till noon for in this season of the day as also in the Spring bloud is predominant in the body according to the opinion of Hippocrates For it is so vulgarly known that it need not be spoken that the bloud when we are awake is carryed into the habit and surface of the body but on the contrary by sleep it is called into the noble parts the Heart and Liver Wherefore if that the bloud by the force of the Sun casting his beams upon the Earth at his rising is carryed into the habit of the body it should again be more and more diffused by the strength and motion of watching the inflammation in the Brain and Meninges would be much encreased Wherefore it will be better especially then to stay by sleep the violence of the bloud running into the habit of the body when it shall seem to rage and more violently to affect that way The discommodities ensuing immoderate Watching Gal. Meth. 18. Watching must in like manner be moderate for too much depraves the temper of the Brain and of the habit of the whole body it causes crudities pains and heaviness of the head and makes the wounds dry and malign But if the Patient cannot sleep by reason of the vehemency of the
saccar alb an â„¥ i vitelios ovorum num ii olei anethini chamaem an Ê’ii fiat clyster In the interim let the kidnies be anointed on the outside with unguentum rosatum refrigerans Galen and populeon used severally or mixed together laying a double linnen cloth dipped in oxycrate Remedies against the stone of the kidnies comming fâ—om a cold cause But if rhe concretion of the stone be of a cold cause the remedies must be varied as follows â„ž terebeinth venet Ê’i cort citri Ê’ii aquae coct Ê’ii fiat potio Or else â„ž cassiae recent extract Ê’ vi benedict lax Ê’iii aq faenic â„¥ ii aq asparag â„¥ i. fiat potio let him take it three hours before dinner this following apozeme is also good â„ž rad cepet bardan. gram an Ê’iii bismal cum toto beton an m. ss sem milii solis bard utrio an Ê’ii sem melon glycyrhiz ras an Ê’ii ss ficus num 4. fiat decoct ad quart iii in expressà collaturà dissolve sirup de raphan oxymelitis scilitici an â„¥ i. ss sacchar albis â„¥ iii. fiat opozema pro tribus dosibus clarificetur aromatiz cumÊ’i cinam Ê’ ss sant citrin let him take four ounces three hours before dinner â„ž rad petrosel faenicul an â„¥ i. saxifrag pimp gram bardan. an m. ss quatuor seminum frig major mundat millii solis an Ê’ii fiat decoctic cape de colaturâ lb. ss in quà dissolve sacch rub syrup capill ven an â„¥ i. ss Let it be taken at three doses two hours before meat The following powder is very effectual to dissolve the matter of the stone â„ž sem petrosel rad ejusdem mundat an â„¥ ss sem cardui quem colcitrapam vocant â„¥ i. let them be dried in an oven or stone with a gentle fire afterwards let them be beaten severally and make a powder whereof let the patient take ℈ i. ss or two scruples with white wine or chicken-broth fasting in the morning by the space of three daies Or â„ž coriand praep ℈ iv anis marathri granor alkakengi millii solis an Ê’ii zinzib cinam an ℈ ii turbith electiÊ’i cari ℈ ii galang nucis moschat lapid judiaci an ℈ i. fol. sennae mund ad duplum omnium diacrydiiÊ’ii ss misce fiat pulvis the dosis is about Ê’i with white wine three hours before meat Against the flatulencies which much distend the guts in this kinde of diseas glysters shall be thus made â„ž malu bismal pariet origani calament flor chamaem sumitat anethi an m. ss anisi carui cumini Cumitaâ—ive gâ—isters foenic. an â„¥ ss baccar laur Ê’iii sem rutaeÊ’ii fiat decoctio in colaturâ dissolve bened lax vel diaphaenic â„¥ ss confect bac lauriÊ’iii sacchar rub â„¥ i. olei aneth chamaem rutoe an â„¥ i. fiat clyster Or â„ž olei nucum vini mal an lb. ss aq vitae â„¥ ss fiat clyster let it be kept long that so it may have the more power to discuss the winde CHAP. XXXVIII What is to be done when the stone falleth out of the Kidnie into the Ureter OFt-times it falleth out that the reins useing their expulsive faculty Signs of the stone stopping in the ureter force down the stone whose concretion and generation the Physicians by the formerly prescribed means could not hinder from themselves into the ureters but it staieth there either by reason of the straightness of the place or the debilitie of the expulsive faculty Therefore then cruel pain tormenteth the patient in that place whereas the stone sticketh which also by consent may be communicated to the hip bladder testicles and yard with a continual desire to make water and go to stool In this case it behooveth the Physician that he supplie the defect of nature and assist the weak indeavors Therefore let the patient if he be able mount upon a trotting horse Remedies to force down the stone sticking in the ureter and ride upon him the space of some two miles or if he can have no opportunity to do so then let him run up and down a pair stairs untill he be wearie and even sweat again for the stone by this exercise is oft-times shaken into the bladder then presently shall be given or taken by the mouth such things as have a lenitive and relaxing faculty as oil of sweet almonds newly drawn and that without fire and mixed with the water of pellitorie of the wall and white wine Let frictions of the whole body be made from above downwards with hot clothes let Ventoses with a great flame be applied one while to the loins and another while to the bottome of the belly a little below the grieved place and unless the patient vomit of his own accord or by the bitterness of his pain let vomiting be procured with a draught of water and oil luke-warm for vomiting hath much force to drive down the stone by reason of the compression of the parts which is caused by such an endeavor Lastly if the stone descend not by the power of these remedies then the patient must be put into a Semicupium that is a Half-bath made of the following decoction â„ž malvae bismal cum toto an m. ii beton nasturt saxifrag berul parietar violar an m. iii. sem melonum millii solis A decoction for a bath alkekengi an Ê’vi cicer rub lb. i. rad apii gram foeniculi eringii an â„¥ iiii in sufficienti quantitate aquae pro incessu coquantur ista omnia inclusa sacco herein let the patient sit up to the navel neither is it fit that the patient tarry longer in such a bath then is requisite for the spirits are dissipated and the powers resolved by too long stay therein But on the contrary if the patient remain as long as is sufficient in these rightly made the pain is mitigated the extended parts relaxed and the passages of the urine opened and dilated and thus the stone descendeth into the bladder But if it be not moved by this means any thing at all out of the place and that the same totall suppression of urine do as yet remain neither before the patient entred into the bath the putting of a Catheter into the bladder did any thing avail yet notwithstanding he shall trie the same again after the patient is come out of the bath that he may be throughly satisfied whether peradventure there may be any other thing in these first passages of the yard and neck of the bladder which may with-hold the urine for the Catheter will enter far more easily the parts being relaxed by the warmness of the bath then inject some oil of sweet almonds with a syringe into the Vrethra or passage of the yard whilst all these things are in doing let not the patient come into the cold air But here I have thought good to describe a chair for a bath wherein the patient may fitly
you may also put now and then to the patients nose a nodulus made with a little vineger and water of roses camphire the powder of sanders and other odoriferous things which have a cooling faculty this also will keep the nose from pustles CHAP. III. What parts must be armed against and preserved from the Pox. THe eies nose throat lungs and inward parts ought to be kept freer from the eruption of pustles then the other parts for that their nature and consistence is more obnoxious to the malignity of this virulency and they are easilyer corrupted and blemished Therefore lest the eyes should be hurt you must defend them when you first begin to suspect the disease How to defend the eyes with the eie-lids also moistning them with rose-rose-water verjuce or vineger and a little camphire There are some also who for this purpose make a decoction of Sumach berberie-seeds pomgranate-pills aloes and a little saffron the juice of sowr pomgranates and the water of the whites of eggs dropped in with rose-water are good for the same purpose also womens milk mixed with rose-water and often renewed and lastly all such things as have a repercussive quality Yet if the eies be much swoln and red you shall not use repercussives alone When the eyes must not be defended by repercussives onely but mix therewith discussers and cleansers such as are fit by a familiarity of nature to strengthen the sight and let these be tempered with some fennel or eie-bright water Then the patient shall not look upon the light or red things for fear of pain and inflammation wherefore in the state of the disease when the pain and inflamation of the eyes are at their height gently drying and discussive things properly conduceing to the eyes are most convenient as washed aloes tutty and Antimony in the water of fennel eie-bright and roses The formerly mentioned nodulus will preserve the nose and linnen clothes dipped in the fore-said astringent decoction put in the nostrils and outwardly applied How to defend the nose We shall defend the jaws throat and throtle and preserve the integrity of the voice by a gargle of oxycrate or the juice of sowr pomgranates holding also the grains of them in their mouths How the mouth How the lungs and often rouling them up and down therein as also by nodulaes of the seeds of psilium quinces and the like cold and astringent things We must provide for the lungs and respiration by syrups of jujubes violets roses white poppies pomgranates water-lillies and the like Now when as the Pox are throughly come forth then may you permit the patient to use somewhat a freer diet and you must wholly busie your self in ripening and evacuating the matter drying and sâ—aling them But for the Meazles they are cured by resolution onely and not by suppuration the Pox may be ripened by anointing them with fresh butter by fomenting them with a decoction of the roots of mallows lillies figs line-seeds and the like After they are ripe they shall have their heads clipped off with a pair of scissers or else be opened with a golden or silver-needle How to prevent pock-arrs lest the matter contained in them should corrode the flesh that lies thereunder and after the cure leave the prints or pock-holes behinde it which would cause some deformity the pus or matter being evacuated they shall be dried up with unguent rosat adding thereto ceruss lithrarge aloes and a little saffron in powder for these have not onely a faculty to dry but also to regenerate flesh for the same purpose the flowr of barly and lupines are dissolved mixed with rose-water and the affected parts annointed therewith with a fine linnen rag some annoint them with the sward of bacon boiled in water and wine then presently strow upon them the flower of barly or lupines or both of them Others mix crude hony newly taken from the comb with barly-flower and therewithall annoint the pustles so to dry them being dried up like a scurse or scab they annoint them with oil of roses violets almonds or else with some cream that they may the sooner fall away the pustles being broken tedious itchings sollicit the patients to scratch Remedies for excoriation whence happens excoriation and filthy ulcers for scratching is the occasion of greater attraction Wherefore you shall binde â—he sick childes hands and foment the itching parts with a decoction of marsh-mallows barly and lupines with the addition of some salt But if it be already excoriated then shall you heal it with unguent album comphorat adding thereto a little powder of aloes or Cinnabaâ—is or a little desiâ—catâ—vum rubrum But if notwithstanding all your application of repelling medicines pustles nevertheless break forth at the eyes then must they be diligently cured with all manner of collyria haveing a care that the inflammation of that part grow not to that bigness as to break the eyes and that which sometimes happens to drive them forth of their proper orbs If any crusty ulcers arise in the nostrils they may be dried and caused to fall away by putting up of ointments Such as arise in the mouth palate and throat with horsness and difficulty of swallowing may be helped by gargarisms made with barly-water the waters of plantain and chervil with some syrup of roses or Diamoron dissolved therein the patient shall hold in his mouth sugar of roses or the tablets of Elect. diatragacanth frigid The Pock-arrs left in the face For the ulcers of the mouth and jaws if they bunch out undecently shall be clipped away with a pair of scissers and then annointed with fresh unguent citrin or else with this liniment â„ž amyli triticei amygdalarum excorticarum an Ê’iss gum tragacanth Ê’ss seminis melonum fabarum siccaram excorticat farniae hordei an â„¥ iiii To help the unsightly scarâ— of the face Let them all be made into fine powder and then incorporated with rose-water and so make a liniment wherewith annoint the face with a feather let it be wiped away in the morning washing the face with some water and wheat-bran hereto also conduceth lac virginale Goose ducks and capons grease are good to smooth the roughness of the skin as also of oil of lillies hares-blood of one newly killed and hot is good to fill and plain as also whiten the pock-holes if they be often rubbed therewith In stead hereof many use the sward of Bacon rubbed warm thereon also the distilled waters of bean flowers lillie-roots reed-roots egge-shels and oil of eggs are though very prevalent to waste and smooth the Pock-arrs A Discourse of certain monstrous creatures which breed against nature in the bodies of men women and little children which may serve as an induction to the ensuing discourse of worms A comparison between the bigger and lesser world The anergation of winde in mans body Of water As in the macrocosmos or bigger world so in
face for that doth recreate the strength If the flux or lask trouble him he may very well use to drink steeled water and also boiled milk wherein many stones coming 〈◊〉 not out of the fire have been many times quenched For driness or roughness of the mouth For the driness and roughness of the mouth it is very good to have a cooling moistening and lenifying lotion of the mucilaginous water of the infusion of the seeds of Quinces psilium id est Flea-wort adding thereto a little Camphire with the Water of Plantain and Roses then cleanse and wipe out the filth and then moisten the mouth by holding therein a little oil of sweet Almonds mixed with a little syrup of Violets If the roughness breed or degenerate into ulcers they must be touched with the water of the infusion of sublimate or Aqua fortis But because we have formerly made frequent mention of drinking of water For the Ulcers thereof I have here thought good to speak somewhat of the choice and goodness of waters The choice of waters is not to be neglected because a great part of our diet depends thereon for besides that we use it either alone or mixed with wine for drink we also knead bread boil meat and make broths therewith The choice of waters Many think that rain-water which falls in summer and is kept in a cistern well placed and made is the wholesomest of all Then next thereto they judge that spring water which runs out of the tops of mountains through rocks cliffs and stones in the third place they put Well-water or that which riseth from the foots of hills Also the river-water is good that is taken out of the midst or stream Lake or pond-water is the worst especially if it stand still for such is fruitful of and stored with many venomous creatures as Snakes Toads and the like That which comes by the melting of Snow and Ice is very ill by reason of the too refrigerating faculty and earthly nature But of Spring and Well-waters these are to be judged the best which are insipid without smell and colour such as are clear warmish in winter and cold in summer which are quickly hot Hip. sect 5 â—phor 26. and quickly cold that is which are most light in which all manner of puls turnips and the like are easily and quickly boiled Lastly when as such as usually drink thereof have clear voices and shril their chests sound and a lively and fresh colour in their faces CHAP. XXII Of Antidotes to be used in the Plague NOw we must treat of the proper cure of this disease which must be used as soon as may be possible because this kind of poyson in swiftness exceedeth the celerity of the medicine Therefore it is better to erre in this that you should think every disease to be pestilent in a pestilent season and to cure it as the Pestilence because that so long as the air is polluted with the seeds of the Pestilence the humors in the body are soon infected with the vicinity of such an air so that then there happeneth no disease void of the Pestilence that is to say which is not pestilent from the beginning by his own nature or which is not made pestilent Many begin the Cure with blood-letting some with purging and some with Antidotes Wee The beginning of the cure must be by Antidotes taking a consideration of the substance of that part that is assaulted first of all begin the cure with an Antidote because that by its specifick property it defends the heart from poison as much as it is offended therewith Although there are also other Antidotes which preserve and keep the heart and the patient from the danger of Poyson and the Pestilence not only because they do infringe the power of the poison in their whole substance but also because they drive and expel it out of all the body by sweat vomiting scouring and such other kinds of evacuations In what quantity they must be taken The Antidote must be given in such a quantity as may be sufficient to overcome the poyson but because it is not good to use it in greater quantity then needeth lest it should overthrow our nature for whose preservation only it is used therefore that which cannot be taken together at once must be taken at several times that some portion thereof may daily be used so long untill all the accidents effects and impressions of the poyson be past and that there be nothing to be feared Why poysonous things are put into Antidotes Some of those Antidotes consist of portions of venemous things being tempered together and mixed in an apt proportion with other medicines whose power is contrary to the venom as Treacle which hath for an ingredient the flesh of Vipers that it being thereto mixed may serve as a guide to bring all the Antidote unto the place where the venenate malignity hath made the chief impression because by the similitude of nature and sympathy one poyson is suddenly snatched and carried into another There are other absolutely poysonous which nevertheless are Antidotes one unto another Some poysons Antidotes to other some as a Scorpion himself cureth the pricks of a Scorpion But Treacle and Mithridate excell all other Antidotes for by strengthening the noblest part and the mansion of life they repair and recreate the wasted Spirits and overcome the poyson not only being taken inwardly but also applyed outwardly to the region of the heart Botches and Carbuncles for by an hidden property they draw the poysons unto them as Amber doth Chaff and digest it when it is drawn and spoil and rob it of all its deadly force as it is declared at large by Galen in his book de Thearicâ ad Pisonem by most true reasons and experiment But you will say that these things are hot and that the plague is often accompanied with a burning fever But thereto I answer there is not so great danger in the fever as in the pestilence although in the giving of Treacle I would not altogether seem to neglect the fever but think it good to minister or apply it mixed with cordial-cooling medicines as with the Trochises of Camphire syrup of Lemmons of water-Lillies the water of Sorrel and such like And for the same cause we ought not to chuse old Treacle but that which is of a middle age as of one or two years old to those that are strong you may give half a dram and to those that are more weak a dram How to walk after the taking of an Antidote The patient ought to walk presently after he hath taken Treacle Mithridate or any other Antidote but yet as moderately as he can not like unto many which when they perceive themselves to be infected do not cease to course and run up and down untill they have no strength to sustain their bodies for so they dissolve nature so that it cannot suffice
to overcome the contagion After moderate walking the patient must be put warm to bed and covered with many cloaths and warm brick-bats or tiles applied to the soles of his feet or in stead thereof you may use Swines bladders filled with hot water and apply them to the groins and arm-holes to provoke sweat for sweating in this disease is a most excellent remedy both for to evacuate the humors in the fever and also to drive forth the malignity in the pestilence although every sweat brings not forth the fruit of health For George Agricola saith that he saw a woman at Misnia in Germany that did sweat so for the space of three daies that the blood came forth at her head and brest and yet nevertheless she died A sudorifick potion This potion following will provoke sweat Take the roots of China shaved in thin pieces one ounce and half of Guaicum two ounces of the bark of Tamarisk one ounce of Angelica-roots two drams of the shavings of Harts-horn one ounce of Juniper-berries three drams put them into a viol of glass that will contain six quarts put thereto four quarts of running or river-water that is pure and clear macerate them for the space of one whole night on the ashes and in the morning boil them all in Balneo Mariae untill the half be consumed which will be done in the space of six hours then let them be strained through a bag and then strained again but let that be with six ounces of sugar of Roses and a little Treacle let the patient take eight ounces or fewer of that liquor and it will provoke sweat The powder following is also very profitable Take of the leavs of Dictamnus A sudorifick powder the roots of Tormentil Betony of each half an ounce of Bole-Armenick prepared one ounce of Terra Sigillata three drams of Aloes and Myrrh of each half a dram of Saffron one dram of Mastich two drams powder them all according to art and give one dram thereof dissolved in Rose-water or the water of wilde sorrel and let the patient walk so soon as he hath taken that powder then let him be laid in his bed to sweat as I have shewed before A distilled water against the Plague The water following is greatly commended against poyson Take the roots of Gentian and Cyperus of each three drams of Carduus Benedictus Burnet of each one handful of Sorrel seeds and Devils-bit of each two pugils of Ivy and Juniper-berries of each half an ounce of the flowers of Bugloss Violets and red-Roses of each two pugils powder them somewhat grosly then soak or steep them for a night in white wine and rose-Rose-water then add thereto of Bole-Armenick one ounce of Treacle half an ounce distill them all in Balneo Mariae and keep the distilled liquor in a viol of glass well covered or close stopped for your use let the patient take six ounces thereof with Sugar and a little Cinnamon and Saffron then let him walk and then sweat as is aforesaid the treacle and cordial-water formerly prescribed Another are very profitable for this purpose Also the water following is greatly commended Take of Sorrel six handfuls of Rue one handful dry them and macerate them in vinegar for the space of four and twenty hours adding thereto four ounces of Treacle make thereof a distillation in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water be kept for your use What means to be used in sweating and so soon as the patient doth think himself to be infected let him take four ounces of that liquor then let him walk and sweat He must leave sweating when he beginneth to wax faint and weak or when the humor that runs down his body begins to wax cold then his body must be wiped with warm cloaths and dried The patient ought not to sweat with a full stomach for so the heat is called away from performing the office of concoction also he must not sleep when he is in his sweat lest the malignity go inwardly with the heat and spirits unto the principal parts but if the patient be much inclined to sleep he must be kept from it with hard rubbing and bands tied about the extreme parts of his body and with much noise of those that are about him and let his friends comfort him with the good hope that they have of his recovery but if all this will not keep him from sleep dissolve Castoreum in tart vinegar and aqua vitae and let it be injected into his nostrils and let him be kept continually waking the first day and on the second and third even unto the fourth that is to say unto the perfect expulsion of the venom and let him not sleep above three or four hours on a day and a night In the mean time leâ— the Physician that shall be present consider all things by his strength for it is to be feared that great watchings will dissolve the strength and make the patient weak you must not let him eat within three hours after his sweating in the mean season as his strength shall require let him take the rinde of a preserved Citron eonserve of Roses bread tosted and steeped in wine the meat of preserved Myrabolane or some such like thing CHAP. XXIII Of Epithemes to be used for the strengthening of the principal parts THere are also some topick medicines to be reckoned amongst Antidotes Whereof they must be made which must be outwardly applyed as speedily as may be as cordial and hepatick Epithems for the safety of the noble parts and strengthening of the faculties as those that drive the venenate air far from the bowels they may be made of cordial things not only hot but also cold that they may temper the heat and more powerfully repercuss They must be applied warm with scarlet or a double linnen cloth or a soft spunge dipped in them if so be that a Carbuncle do not possess the regions of the most noble parts Repercussives not fit to be applied to Carbuncles for it is not fit to use repercussives to a Carbuncle You may make Epithems after the following forms â„ž aquar ros plantag solan an â„¥ iv aquae acetos vini granat aceti an â„¥ iii. santal rub coral rub pulveris an Ê’ iii. theriac vet â„¥ ss camph. ℈ â—i croci ℈ i. carioph Ê’ ss misce fiat epithema Or else â„ž aqu ros plantag an â„¥ x. aceti ros â„¥ iv caryoph sant rub coral rub pulveris pul diamargarit frigid an Ê’ i ss camphurae moschi an ℈ i. fiat epithema Or â„ž aquar rosar melissae an â„¥ iv aceti ros â„¥ iii. sant rub Ê’ i. caryophil Ê’ ss croci ℈ ii camphurae ℈ i. boli arm terra sigil zedoar an Ê’i fiat epithema Or else â„ž aceti ros aquae rosat an lb. ss camphuraeÊ’ ss theriac mithridat an Ê’i fiat epithema Or else aqu rosar nenuph buglos acetosae
his belly and make him to sweat Truly those that are wounded or bit with venomous beasts If they bind broom above the wound it will prohibit or hinder the venom from dispersing it self or going any further therefore a drink made thereof will prohibit the venom from going any nearer the heart Some take of the root of Elecampane Gentian Tormentil Kermes-berries and broom of the powder of Ivory and Harts-horn of each half a dram they do bruise and beat all these and infuse them for the space of four and twenty hours in white wine and aqua vitae on the warm embers and then strain it and give the patient three or four ounces thereof to drink this provokes sweat and infringeth the power of the poysons and the potion following hath the same virtue Take good Mustard half an ounce of Treacle or Mithridate the weight of a bean A Potion dissolve them in white wine and a little aqua vitae and let the patient drink it and sweat thereon with walking You may also roast a great Onion made hollow and filled with half a dram of Treacle and vinegar under the embers and then strain it and mix the juice that is pressed out of it with the water of Sorrel Carduus Benedictus or any other cordial thing and with strong wine and give the paticet to drink thereof to provoke sweat to repel the malignity Or else take as much Garlick as the quantity of a Nut of Rue and celandine of each twenty leaves bruise them all in white wine and a little aqua vitae then strain it and give the patient thereofto drink There besome that do drink the juice that is pressed out of Celandine and Mallows with three ounces of Vinegar and half an ounce of the oil of Wall-nuts and then by much walking do unburthen their stomach and belly upwards end downwards and so are helped When the venomous air hath already crept into and infected the humors one dram of the dried leaves of the Bay-tree macerated for the space of two dayes in Vinegar and drunk is thought to be a most soveraign medicine to provoke sweat loosnes of the belly and vomiting Matthiolus in his Treatise de Morbo gallico writeth that the powder of Mercury ministred unto the patient with the juice of Carduus Benedictus or with the Electuary de Gemmis will drive away the pestilence before it be confirmed in the body by provoking vomit loosness of the belly and seat one dram of Calcauchum of white Copperas dissolved in rose-Rose-water performeth the like effect in the same disease Some do give the patient a little quantity of the oil of Scorpions with white wine to expel the the poyson by vomit and therewithall they annoint the region of the heart the breast and the wrists of the hands I think these very meet to be used often in bodies that are strong and well exercised because weaker medicines do evacuate little or nothing at all but only move the humors whereby cometh a Fever When a sufficient quantity of the malignity is evacuated then you must minister things that may strengthen the belly and stomach and with-hold the agitation or working of the humors and such is the confection of Alkermes CHAP. XXVI Of many Symptoms which happen together with the Plague and first of the pain of the head The cause of phrensie in the Plague IF the malignity be carried into the brain and nature be not able to expel it it inflames not only it but also the menbranes that cover it which inflamation doth one while hurt trouble or abolish the imagination another while the judgment and sometimes the memory according to the situation of the inflamation whether it be in the former or hinder or middle part of the head but hereof cometh alwaies a Phrensie with fiery redness of the eies and face and heaviness and burning of the whole head If this will not be amended with Clysters and with opening the Cephalick vein in the arm the arteries of the Temples must be opened taking so much blood out of them The benefit of opening an artery as the greatness of the Symptoms and the strength of the patient shall require and permit Truly the incision that is made in opening an arterie will close and joyn together as readily and with as little difficulty as the incision of the vein And of such an incision of an artery cometh present help by reason that tensive and sharp vapours do plentifully breath out together with the arterious blood It were also very good to provoke a flux of blood at the nose Aph. 10. sect 6. if nature be apt to exonerate her self that way For as Hippocrates saith when the head is grieved or generally aketh if matter water or blood flow out at the nostrils mouth or ears it presently cures the disease Such bleeding is to be provoked by strong blowing or striving to cleanse the nose by scratching or pricking of the inner side of the nostrils by pricking with an hors hair and long holding down of the head An history The Lord of Fontains a Knight of the Order when we were at Bayon had a bleeding at the nose which came naturally for the space of two dayes and thereby be was freed of a pestilent Fever which he had before a great sweat arising there-withall and shortly after his Carbuncles came to suppuration To stay bleeding and by Gods grace he recovered his health being under my cure If the blood do flow out and cannot be stopped when it ought the hands arms and legs must be tied with hands and sponges wet in Oxycrate must be put under the arm-holes cupping glasses must be applied unto the dugs the region of the Liver and Spleen and you must put into the nostrils the doun of the willow-tree or any other astringent medicine incorporated with the hairs plucks from he flank belly or throat of an Hare Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata the juice of Plantaine and Knot-grass mixed together and furthermore the patient must be placed or laied in a cool place But if the patient be nothing mitigated notwithstanding all these fluxes of blood we must come to medicines that procure sleep whose forms are these Medicines to procure sleep Take of green Lettuce one handful flowers of water-Lillies and Violets of each two pugils one head of white-Poppy bruised of the four cold seeds of each two drams of Liquorice and Raisins of each one dram make thereof a decoction and in the straining dissolve one ounce and a half of Diacodium make thereof a large potion to be given when they go to rest Also Barly-cream may be prepared in the water of water-Lillies and of Sorrel of each two ounces adding thereto six or eight grains of Opium of the four cold seeds and of white-Poppy seeds of each half an ounce and let the same be boiled in broth with Lettuce and Purslain also the pils de Cynoglesso i. e. Hounds-tongue
may be given Clysters that provoke sleep must be used which may be thus prepared Take of Barly-water half a pirate oil of Violets and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the water of Plantain and Purslain or rather of their juice three ounces of Camphire seven grains and the whites of three eggs make thereof a Clyster The head must be fomented with Rose-vinegar the hair being first shaved away leaving a double cloth wet therein on the same and often renewed Sheeps-lungs taken warm out of the bodies may be applyed to the head as long as they are warm Cupping-glasses with and without scarification may be applied to the neck and shoulder-blades The arms and legs must be strongly bound being first well rubbed to divert the sharp vapors and humors from the head Frontals may also be made on this manner Take of the oil of Rose and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the oil of Poppy half an ounce of Opium one dram of Rose-vinegar one ounce of Camphire half a dram mix them together Also Nodulaes may be made of the flowers of Poppies Henbane water-Lillies Mandrags beaten in rose-Rose-water with a little Vinegar and a little Camphire and let them be often applied to the nostrils for this purpose Cataplasms also may be laid to the forehead As Take of the mucilage of the seeds of Psilium id est Flea-wort and Quince-seeds extracted in Rose-water three ounces of Barly-meal four ounces of the powder of Rose-leaves the flowers of water-Lillies and Violets of each half an ounce of the seeds of Poppies and purslain of each two ounces A Cataplasm of the water and vinegar of Roses of each ounces make thereof a Cataplasm and apply it warm to the head Or take of the juice of Lettuce of water-Lillies Henbane purslain of each half a pinte of Rose-leaves in powder the seeds of Poppy of each half an ounce oil of Roses three ounces of vinegar two ounces of Barlie-meal as much as shall suffice make thereof a Cataplasm in the form of a liquid Pultis When the heat of the head is mitigated by these medicines and the inflamtion of the brain asswaged we must come unto digesting and resolving fomentations which may disperse the matter of the vapours But commonly in pain of the head they do use to binde the forehead and hinder part of the head very strongly which in this case must be avoided CHAP. XXVII Of the heat of the Kidneyes THe heat of the kidnies tempered by anointing with unguent refrigerans Galeni newly made adding thereto the whites of eggs well beaten that so the ointment may keep moist the longer let this liniment be renewed every quarter of an hour wiping away the reliques â—â—â—e old Or â„ž aq ros lb. ss succi plant â„¥ iv alb ovorum iv olei rosacei nenuph. an â„¥ ii An ointment for the reins acetires â„¥ iii. misce ad usum When you have annointed the part lay thereon the leaves of water-Lillies or the like old herbs and then presently thereupon a double linnen cloth dipped in oxycrate and wrung out again and often changed the patient shall not lie upon a fether-bed but on a quilt stuffed with the chaff of Oats or upon a Mat with many doubted cloaths or Chamlet spread thereon An ointment for the heart To the region of the heart may in the mean time he applied a refrigerating and alexiterial medicine as this which followeth â„ž ung rosat â„¥ iii. olei nonupharini â„¥ i. acet ros aq ros an â„¥ i. theriacae Ê’i croci Ê’ ss Of these melted and mixed otgether make a soft ointment which spred upon a scarlet cloth maybe applied to the region of the heart Or â„ž theriaca opt Ê’i ss The noise of dropping water draws on sleep succi citri acidi limonis an â„¥ ss coral rub sem rosar rub an Ê’ss camphurae croci an grain iii. let them be all mixed together and make an ointment or liniment At the head of the patient as he lies in his bed shall be set an Ewer or cock with a basin under it to receive the water which by the dropping may resemble rain Let the soles of the feet and palms of the hands be gently scratched and the patient lie far from noise and so at length he may fall to some rest CHAP. XXVIII Of the Eruptions and Spots which commonly are called by the name of Purples and Tokens THe skin in pestilent Fevers The differences of the spots in the Plague is marked and variegated in divers places with spots like unto the bitings of Fleas or Gnats which are not alwaies simple but many times arise in form like unto a grain of miller The more spots appear the better it is for the patient they are of divers colours according to the virulencie of the malignity and condition of the matter as red yellow brown violet or purple blew and black Their several names and the reasons of them And because for the most part they are of a purple colour therefore we call them purples Others call them Lenticulae because they have the colour and form of Lentiles They are also called Papiliones i. Butterflies because they do suddenly seize or fall upon divers regions of the body like unto winged Butterflies somtimes the face sometimes the arms and legs and sometimes all the whole body oftentimes they do not only affect the upper part of the skin but go deeper into the flesh When signs of death specially when they proceed matter that is gross and adust They do sometimes appear great and broad affecting the whole arm leg or face like unto an Erysipelas to conclude they are divers according to the variety of the humor that offends in quantity or quality If they are of a purple or black colour with often swounding and sink in suddenly without any manifest cause they fore-shew death The cause of the breaking out of those Spots is the working or heat of the blood by reason of the cruelty of the venom receieed or admitted They often arise at the beginning of a pestilent Fever many times before the breaking out of the Sore or Botch or Carbuncle and many times after but then they shew so great a corruption of the humors in the bodie that neither the sores nor carbuncles will suffice to receive them and therefore they appear as fore-runners of death Somtimes they break out alone without a botch or carbuncle which if they be red and have no evil symptoms joyned with them they are not went to prove deadly they appear for the most part on the third or fourth day of the disease and sometimeslater and sometimes they appear not before the patient be dead because the working or heat of the humours being the off-spring of putrefaction is not as yet restrained and ceased Why they sometimes appear after the death of the patient Wherefore then principally the putrid heat which is greatest a little
notwihstanding will suddenly bring the patient to destruction like those that are black wherefore it is not good to trust too much to those kinds of tumors CHAP. XXXI Of the cure of Buboes or Plague-sores SO soon as the Bubo appears apply a Cupping-glass with a great flame unto it The use of cupping-glasses in curing of a Bubo unless it be that kinde of Bubo which will suddenly have all the accidents of burning and swelling in the highest nature but first the skin must be anointed with the oil of Lillies that so it being made more loose the Cupping-glass may draw the stronger and more powerfully it ought to stick to the part for the space of a quarter of an hour and be renewed and applied again every three quarters of an hour for so at length the venom should be the better drawn forth from any noble part that is weak the work of suppuration or resolution which so ever nature hath assailed will the better and sooner be absolved and perfected which may be also done by the application of the following ointment Take of Vnguentum Dialthaea one ounce and a half oil of Scorpions half an ounce of Mithridate dissolved in Aqua vitae half a dram this liniment will very well relax and loosen the skin open the pores thereof and spend forth portion of the matter which the Cupping-glass hath drawn thither in stead thereof mollifying fomentations may be made and other drawing and suppurating medicines which shall be described hereafter A visicatory applyed in a meet place below the Bubo profits them very much but not above A liniment as for example If the Bubo be in the throat the Vesicatory must be applied unto the shoulder blade on the same side if it be in the arm-holes it must be applied in the midst of the arm or of the shoulder-bone on the inner side if in the groin in the midst of the thigh on the inner side that by the double passage that is open for to draw out the matter the part wherein the venom is gathered together may be the better exonerated Spurge Crow-foot Arsmart Bear-foot Briony the middle bark of Travellers-joy the rindes of Mullet Flammula or upright Virgins-power are fit for raising blisters If you cannot come by those simple medicines you may apply this which followeth which may be prepared at all times Take Cantharides Pepper Euphorbium Pellitory of Spain of each half a dram A compound vesicatory of sower leaven two drams of Mustard one dram and a little Vinegar the vinegar is added thereto to withhold or restrain the vehemency of the Cantharides but in want of this medicine it shall suffice to drop scalding oil or water or a burning candle or to lay a burning coal on the place for so you may raise blisters which must presently be cut away and you must see that you keep the ulcers open and flowing as long as you can by applying the leaves of red-colworts Beets or Ivy dipped in warm water and annointed with oil or fresh butter Some apply Cauteries Why vesicatories are better then cauteries in a pestilent Bubo but Vesicatories work with more speed for before the Eschar of the Cauteries will fall away the patient may die therefore the ulcers that are made with Vesicatories will suffice to evacuate the pestilent venom because that doth work rather by its quality then by its quantity Let the abscess be fomented as is shewed before and then let the medicine following which hath vertue to draw be applied Fill a great onion being hollowed with Treacle and the leaves of Rue Strong drawing cataplasmes then rost it under the hot Embers beat it with a little Leaven and a little Swines-grease and so apply it warm unto the abscess or sore let it be changed every six hours Or take the roots of Marsh-mallows and Lillies of each half a pound of Line Fenugreek and mustard-seeds of each half an ounce of Treacle one dram ten Figs and as much Hogs-grease as shall suffice make thereof a cataplasm according to Art Or take of Onions and Garlick rosted in the Embers of each three ounces bruise them with one ounce of sowr leaven adding thereto Vnguentum Basilicon one ounce Treacle one dram Mithridate half a dram of old Hogs-grease one ounce of Cantharides in powder one scruple of Pigeons-dung two drams beat them and mix them together into the form of a cataplasm Hereunto old Rennet is very profitable for it is hot and therefore attractive being mixed with old Leaven and Basilicon you ought to use these until the abscess be grown unto its full ripeness and bigness but it presently after the beginning there be great inflammation with sharp pain as it often happeneth especially when the abscesses be of the kinde of Carbuncles we must abstain from those remedies that are hot and attractive and also from those that are very emplastick and clammy because they do altogether close the pores of the skin or because they resolve the thinner part of the collected matter which if it might remain would bring the other sooner to suppuration or else because they may perchance draw more quantity of the hot matter then the part can bear whereof cometh rather corruption then maturation and last of all because they increase the fever and pain which infer the danger of a Convulsion or mortal Gangrene Therefore in such a case it is best to use cold and temperate local medicines as the leaves of Henbane and Sortel rosted under the coals Galen's pultise and such like Against such as cut away Plague-sores There are many that for fear of death have with their own hands pulled away the Bubo with a pair of Smiths-pincets others have digged the flesh round about it and so gotten it wholly out And to conclude others have become so mad that they have thrust an hot iron into it with their own hand that the venom might have a passage forth of all which I do not allow one for such abscesses do not come from without as the bitings of virulent beasts but from within and moreover because pain is by these means increased and the humor is made more malign and fierce Therefore I think it sufficient to use medicines that relax open the pores of the skin and digest portion of the venom by transpiration A digestive fomentaâ—ion as are these that follow Take the roots of Marsh-mallows and Lillies of each six ounces of Camomil and Melilot-flowers of each half a handful of Lin-seeds half an ounce of the leaves of Rue half an handful boil them and strain them dip sponges in the straining An anodyne Cataplasm and therewith let the tumor be fomented along time Or take the crum of hot bread and sprinkle it with treacle-Treacle-water or with Aqua-vitae and Cows-milk or Goats-milk and the yelks of three Eggs put them all on stupes or flax and apply them warm unto the place Or take of sowr Rie-leaven
is corrupted by taking the air and by the falling down of the urine and filth and by the motions of the thighs in going it is ulcerated and so putrifies An historie I remember that once I cured a young woman who had her womb hanging out at her privie parts as big as an egg and I did so well performe and perfect the cure thereof that afterwards she conceived and bare children many times and her womb never fell down CHAP. XLI The cure of the falling down of the womb BY this word falling down of the womb Remedies for the ascention of the womb we understand every motion of the womb out of its place or seat therefore if the womb ascend upwards we must use the same medicines as in strangulation of the womb If it be turned towards either side it must be restored and drawn back to its right place by applying and using cupping-glasses But if it descend and fall down into its own neck but yet not in great quantity the woman must be placed so that her buttocks may be very high and her legs across then cupping-glasses must be applied to her navel and Hypâ—gastrium and when the womb is brought into its place injections that binde and drie strongly must be injected into the neck of the womb For the falling down of the womb properly so called stinking fumigations must be used unto the privie parts and sweet things used to the mouth and nose But if the womb hang down in great quantitie between the thighs it must be cured by placing the woman after another sort and by using other kinde of medicines First of all she must be so layed on her back her buttocks and thighs so lifted up and her legs so drawn back as when the childe or secundine are to be taken or drawn from her then the neck of the womb and whatsoever hangeth out thereat must be annointed with oyl of lillies fresh butter capons grease and such like then it must be thrust gently with the fingers up into its place the sick or pained woman in the mean time helping or furthering the endeavour by drawing in of her breath as if she did sup drawing up as it were that which is fallen down After that the womb is restored unto its place whatsoever is filled with the ointment must be wiped with a soft and clean cloth lest that by the slipperiness thereof the womb should fall down again the genitals must be fomented with an astringent decoction made with pomegeanate pills cypress nuts gals roach allom horse-tail sumach berberies boiled in the water wherein Smiths quench their irons of those materials make a powder wherewith let those places be sprinkled let a Pessary of a competent bigness be put in at the neck of the womb but let it be eight or nine fingers in length according to the proportion of the grieved patients body Let them be made either with latin or of cork covered with wax of an oval form having a thread at one end whereby they may be drawn back again as need requires The formes of oval Pessaries A. sheweth the body of the Pessarie B. sheweth the thread wherewith it must be tied to the thigh When all this is done let the sick woman keep her self quiet in her bed with her buttocks lying very high and her legs across for the space of eight or ten dayes in the mean while the application of cupping-glasses will staye the womb in the right place and seat after it is restored thereunto but if she hath taken any hurt by cold air let the privie parts be fomented with a discussing and heating fomentation or this wise A discussing and hearing fomentation â„ž fol. alth salv lavend. rosmar artemis flor chamoem melilot an m ss sem anis foenugr an â„¥ i. let them be all well boiled in water and wine and make thereof a decoction for your use Give her also glysters that when the guts are emptied of the excrements the womb may the better be received in the void and empty capacity of the belly for this reason the bladder is also to be emptied for otherwise it were dangerous lest that the womb lying between them both being full should be kept down and cannot be put up into its own proper place by reason thereof How vomiting is profitable to the falling down of the womb Also vomiting is supposed to be a singular remedy to draw up the womb that is fallen down furthermore also it purgeth out the phlegm which did moisten and relax the ligaments of the womb for as the womb in time of copulation at the beginning of the conception is moved downwards to meet the seed so the stomach even of its own accord is lifted upwards when it is provoked by the injurie of any thing that is contrary unto it to cast it out with greater violence but when it is so raised up it draws up together therewith the peritonaeum The cutting away of the womb when it is putrified Lib. 6. the womb and also the body or parts annexed unto it If it cannot be restostored unto its place by these prescribed remedies and that it be ulcerated and so putrified that it cannot be restored unto his place again we are commanded by the precepts of art to cut it away and then to cure the womb according to art but first it should be tied and as much as is necessary must be cut off and the rest â—eared with a cautery There are some women that have had almost all their womb cut off without any danger of their life as Paulus testifieth Epist 39. lib. 2. Epist mâ—d John Langius Physician to the Count Palatine writeth that Carpus the Chirurgian took out the womb of a woman of Bononia he being present and yet the woman lived and was very wel after it Trac de miâ—and moâ—b caus Antonius Benevenius Physician of Florence writeth that he called by Vgolius the Physician to the cure of a woman whose womb was corrupted and fell away from her by pieces and yet she lived ten years after it An history There was a certain woman being found of body of good repute and above the age of thirtie years in whom shortly after she had been married the second time which was in Anno 1571. having no childe by her first husband the lawful signs of a right conception did appear yet in process of time there arose about the lower part of her privities the sense or feeling of a weight or heaviness being so troublesome unto her by reason that it was painful and also for that it stopped her urine that she was constrained to disclose her mischance to Christopher Mombey a Surgeon her neighbour dwelling in the Suburbs of S. Germâ—ns who having seen the tumor or smelling in her groin asswaged the pain with mollifying and anodyne fomentations and cataplasms but presently after he had done this he found on the inner side of her lip of
at the mouth and sweats In the mean while let him put in an instrument made like unto a pessary and cause the sick woman to hold it there this instrument must have many holes in the upper end through which the purulent matter may pass which by staying or stopping might get a sharpness as also that so the womb may breath the more freely and may be kept more temperate and cool by receiving the air by the benefit of a springe whereby this instrument being made like unto a pessary is opened and shut The form of an Instrument made like unto a Pessary whereby the womb may be ventilated A. Sheweth the end of the Instrument which must have many hâ—les therein B. Sheweth the body of the Instrument C. Sheweth the plate whereby the mouth of the Instrument is opened and shut as wide and as close as you will for to receive the air more freely D. Sheweth the springe EE Shew the laces and bands to tie about the patients body that so the Instrument may be staied and kept fast in his place CHAP. LXI Of the Hoemorrhoids and Warts of the neck of the womb The differences of the Haemorrhoids of the neck of the womb LIke as in the fundament so in the neck of the womb there are Hoemorrhoides and as it were varicous veins often-times flowing with much blood or with a red and stinking whayish humor Some of these by reason of their redness and great inequality as it were of knobs are like unripe Mulberries and are called vulgarly venae morales that is to say the veins or hoemorrhâ—ids like unto Mulberries others are like unto Grapes and therefore are named uvales other some are like unto warts and therefore are called venae verucales some appear and shew themselves with a great tumor others are little in the bottom of the neck of the womb others are in the side or edg thereof Acrochordon is a kinde of wart with a callous bunch or knot having a thin or slender root What an Acrochoâ—don is and a greater head like unto the knot of a rope hanging by a small thred it is called of the Arabians veruca botoralis What a Thymus it There is also another kind of wart which because of its great roughness and inequality is called Thymus as resembling the flower of Thyme All such diseases are exasperated and made more grievous by any exercise especially by Venerous acts many times they have a certain malignity and an hidden virulency joined with them by occasion whereof they are aggravated even by touching only because they have their matter of a raging humor therefore to these we may not rightly use a true S. Fiacrius figs. but only the palliative cure as they term it the Latines call them only ficus but the French men name them with an adjunct Saint Fiacrius figs. CHAP. LXII Of the cure of the Warts that are in the neck of the womb What warts of the womb must be bound and so cut off THe warts that grow in the neck of the womb if they be not malignant are to be tied with a thred and so cut off Those that lie hid more deep in the womb may be seen and cured by opening the matrix with a dilater made for the purpose Divers Specula matricis or Dilaters for the inspection of the Matrix Another form of a Dilater or Speculum matricis whereof the declaration followeth A. Sheweth the screw which shutteth and openeth the dilater of the Matrix BB. Shew the arms or branches of the instrument which ought to be eight or nine fingers long But these Dilaters of the matrix ought to be of a bigness correspondent to the patients bodie let them be put into the matrix when the woman is placed as we have said when the childe is to be drawn out of her bodie That instrument is most meet to tie the warts which we have described in the relaxation of the palate or Vvula let them be tied harder and harder every day until they fall away Therefore for the curing of warts there are three chief scopes as bands sections Three scopes of the cure of warts in the womb An effectual water to consume warts cauteries and lest they grow up again let oil of vitriol be dropped on the place or aqua fortis oâ— some of the â—ee whereof potential cauteries are made This water following is most effectual to consume and waste warts â„ž aq plantag â„¥ vi virid aeris Ê’ii alum roch Ê’ iii. sal com â„¥ ss vit rom sublim an Ê’ ss beat them all together and boil them let one or two drops of this water be dropped on the grieved place not touching any place else but if there be an ulcer it must be cured as I have shewed before A certain man studious of physick Unguents to consume warts of late affirmed to me that Ox-dung tempered with the leaves or powder of Savine would wast the warts of the womb if it were applied thereto warm which whether it be true or not let Experience the mistress of things be judge Verily Cantharides put into unguents will do it and as it is likely more effectually for they will consume the callousness which groweth between the toes or fingers I have proved by experience that the warts that grow on the hands may be cured by applying of purslain beaten or stampt in its own juice The leaves and flowers of Marigolds do certainly perform the self-same thing CHAP. LXIII Of Chaps and thâ—se wrinkled and hard excrescences which the Greeks call Condylomata What Chaps are CHaps or Fissures are cleft and very long little Ulcers with pain very sharp and burning by reason of the biting of an acrid salt and drie humor making so great a contraction and often-times narrowness in the fundament and the neck of the womb that scarcely the top of ones finger may be put into the orifice thereof like unto pieces of leather or parchment which are wrinkled and parched by holding of them to the fire They rise sometimes in the mouth so that the patient can neither speak eat nor open his mouth so that the Surgeon is constrained to cut it The cure In the cure thereof all sharp things are to be avoided and those which mollifie are to be used and the grieved place or part is to be moistened with fomentations liniments cataplasms emplasters and if the maladie be in the womb a dilater of the matrix or pessarie must be put thereinto very often so to widen that which is over hard and too much drawn together or narrow What Condylomata are and then the cleft little ulcers must be cicatrized Condylomata are certain wrinkled and hard bunches and as it were excrescences of the flesh rising especially in the wrinkled edge of the fundament and neck of the womb Cooling and relaxing medicines ought to be used against this disease The cure such as are oil of
therefore laying aside the composition of Cerats let us speak of Emplasters Emplasters An Emplaster is a composition which is made up of all kinde of medicines especially of fat and dry things agreeing in one gross viscous solid and hard body sticking to the fingers The differences of Emplasters are taken from those things which the variety of ointments are taken from Of those things which go into the composition of an Emplaster some are only used for their quality and faculty as Wine Vinegar Juices Others to make the consistence as Litharge which according to Galen is the proper matter of Emplasters Wax Oil and Rosin Others be useful for both as Gums Metals parts of beasts Rosin Turpentine to digest to cleanse and dry Of Emplasters some are made by boiling some are brought into a form without boiling those which be made without fire do sudâ—â—â—â—y nor are they viscous they are made with meal and powder with some juice or wit◠〈◊〉 â—umid matter mingled with them But plasters of this kinde may rather be called hard 〈◊〉 or cataplasms for plasters properly so called are boiled some of them longer som◠〈◊〉 according to the nature of those things which make up the composition of the Emplâ—â—â—herefore it will be worth our labor to know what Emplasters do ask more or which less beâ—◠〈◊〉 or roots woods leavs stalks flowers seeds being dried and brought into powder are 〈◊〉 be added last when the plasâ—er is boiled as it were and taken from the fire least the virtue of these things be lost But if green things are to be used in a composition they are to be boâ—led in some liquor and being pressed forth that which is strained to be mingled with the rest of the composition or if there be juice to be used it is to be bruised and pressed forth which is so to be boiled with the other things that nothing for the quality is to remain with the mixture as we use to do in Empl. de Janna seu Betonica Gratia Dei The same is to be done with Mucilages but that by their clamminess they do more resist the fire But there doth much of oil and hony remain in their plasters when they are made Those juices which are hardened by concretion as Alces Hypâ—cystis Acacia when they are used in the composition of a plaster and be yet new they must be macerated and dissolved in some proper liquor and then they are to be boiled to the consumption of that liquor Gums as Opopanax Galbanum Sagapenum Ammoniacum must be dissolved in Wine Vinegar or Aqua vitae then strained and boiled to the consumption of the liquor and then mixed with the rest of the plaster And that they may have the exact quantity of Guns and Pitch it is necessary that first they be dissolved strained and boiled because of the sticks and sordid matter which are mingled with them You must have respect also to the liquor you use to dissolve them in for Vinegar of the best Wine doth more powerfully penetrate then that which is of weak and bad Wine Other Gums which are drier are to be powdred and are to be mingled with plasters last of all Metals as Aes ustum Chalcitis Magnes Bolus Armenius Sulphur Auripigmentum and others which may be brought to powder must be mingled last unless advice be given by long boiling to dull the fierce qualities of them The like consideration is to be had of Rosin Pitch and Turpentine which must be put in after the Wax and may not be boiled but very gently but the fats are mingled whilst the other things are boiling The Litharge is to be boiled with the oil to a just consistence if we would have the plaster dry without biting Ceâ—uss may endure as long boiling but then the plaster shall not be white neither will the Litharge of silver make a plaster with so good a color as Litharge of gold Moreover this order must be observed in boiling up of plasters the Litharge must be boiled to his consistence juices or mucilages are to be boiled away then add the fats then the dry Rosin Wax-Gums Turpentine and after them the powders You shall know the plaster is boiled enough by his consistence Signs of a plaster perfect y boiled gross hard glutinous and sticking to the fingers being cooled in the air water or upon a stone Also you shall know it by his exact mixtion if that all the things become one mâ—sâ— hard to be broken The quantity of things which are to be put into a plaster can hardly be described but an artificial conjecture may be given by considering the medicaments which make the plaster stiff The quantity of things to be put into plasters and of a consistence and the just hardness and softness they make being boiled Wax is not put into such plasters wherein is Labdanum for that is in stead of Wax For if there shall be in the composition of a plaster some emplastick medicaments the Wax shall be the less Contrariwise if they shall be almost all liquid things the Wax shall be increased so much as shall be necessary for the consistence of the plaster The quantity of the Wax also must be altered according to the time or the air therefore it is fit to leave this to the art and judgment of the Apothecary Emplasters are sometimes made of ointments by the addition of wax or dry rosin or some other hard or solid matter Some would that a handful of medicaments poudred should be mingled with one ounce or an ounce and an half of oil or some such liquor but for this thing nothâ—ng can certainly be determined Only in plasters described by the Antients there must be great care had wherein he must be very well versed who will not err in the describing the dose of them and therefore we will here give you the more common forms of plasters â„ž ol chamaem aneth de spica liliacei an â„¥ ii ol de croco â„¥ i. pingued porci lb i. pingued vitul Empl. de Vigo with Mercury lb. ss euphorb Ê’ v. thuris Ê’ x. ol lauri â„¥ i ss ranas viv nu vi pingued viper vel ejus loco human â„¥ ii ss lumbricor lotor in vino â„¥ iii ss succi ebuli enul ana â„¥ ii scoenanthi staechados matricar an m. ii vini oderiferi lb ii litharg auri lb i. terebinth clarae â„¥ ii styracis liquid â„¥ i ss argenti vivi exstincti so much as the present occasion shall require and the sick shall be able to bear and make up the plaster they do commonly add four ounces of quick-silver yet for the most part they do increase the dose as they desire the plaster should be stronger the worms must be washed with fair water and then with a little wine to cleanse them from their earthy filth of which they are full and so the frogs are to be washt and macerated in wine and so boiled together to
linnen-clothes dipped therein A water also distilled of snails gathered in a vine-yard juice of lemmons the flowers of white mullain mixed together in equal proportion with a like quantity of the liquor contained in the bladders of Elm-leaves is very good for the same purpose Also this â„ž micae panis albi lb iv flor fabar rosar alb flor nenuph. lilior ireos an lb ii lactis vaccini lb vi ova nu viii aceti â—pt lb i. distillentur omnia simul in alembico vitrâ—c fiat aqua ad faciei et manuum lotionem Or â„ž olei de tartaro â„¥ iii. mucag. sem psilii â„¥ i. cerus in oleo ros dissolut â„¥ i. ss borac sal gem an Ê’ i. fiat linimentum profacie Or â„ž caponem vivum et caseum ex lacte caprino recenter confectum limon nu iv ovor nu iv cerus lâ—t in aq rosar â„¥ ii boracis â„¥ i ss camph. â„¥ ii aq flor fabar lb iv fiat omnium infusio per xxiv horas postea distillentur in alembico vitreo The marrow of sheeps-bones good to smooth the face There is a most excellent fucus made of the marrow of sheeps-bones which smooths the roughness of the skin beautifies the face now it must be thus extracted Take the bones severed from the flesh by boiling beat them and so boil them in water when they are well boiled take them from the fire and when the water is cold gather the fat that swims upon it and there with anoint your face when as you go to bed and wash it in the morning with the formerly prescribed water How to make Sal ceâ—ussa â„ž salis ceruss Ê’ ii ung citrin vel spermat ceti â„¥ i. malaxentur simul et fiat linimentum addendo olei ovor Ê’ ii The Sal cerussae is thus made grinde Ceruss into very fine powder and infuse lb 1. thereof in a bottle of distilled vineger for four or five daies then filter it then set that you have filtred in a glased earthen vessel over a gentle fire until it concrete into salt just as you do the capitellum in making of cauteries â„ž excrementi lacert ossis saepiae tartari vini albi rasur corn cerv farin oriz. an partes aequales fiat pulvis infundatur in aqua distillata amygdalarum dulcium limacum vinealium flor nenuph. huic addito mellis albi par pondus let them all be incorporated in a marble morter and kept in a glass or silver vessel and at night anoint the face herewith it wonderfully prevails against the redness of the face if after the anointing it you shall cover the face with a linnen cloth moistened in the former described water â„ž sul lim Ê’i argent viv saliv extinct Ê’ii margarit non perforat Ê’i caph Ê’ i ss incorporentur simul in mortario marmoreo cum pistillo ligneo per tres horas ducantur et fricentur reducanturque in tenuissimum pulverem confectus pulvis abluatur aquâ myrti et desiccetur serveturque ad usum adde follorum auri et argenti nu x. When as you would use this powder put into the palm of your hand a little oyl of mastich or of sweet-almonds then presently in that oyl dissolve a little of the described powder and so work it into an ointment wherewith let the face be anointed at bed-time but it is fit first to wash the face with the formerly described waters and again in the morning when you arise How to paint the face When the face is freed from wrinkles and spots then may you paint the cheeks with a rosie and flourishing colour for of the commixture of white and red ariseth a native and beautiful color for this purpose take as much as you shall think fit of brasil and alchunet steep them in alum-water and therewith touch the cheeks and lips and so suffer it to dry in there is also spanish red made for this purpose others rub the mentioned parts with a sheeps-skin died red moreover the friction that is made by the hand only causeth a pleasing redness in the face by drawing thither the blood and spirits GHAP. XLV Of the Gutta Rosacea or a fiery face THis treatise of Fuci puts me in minde to say something in this place of helping the preternatural redness which possesseth the nose and cheeks Why worse in winter then in summar and oft-times all the face besides one while with a tumor otherwhiles without sometimes with pustles and scabs by reason of the admixture of a nitrous and adust humor Practitioners have termed it Gutta rosacca This shews both more and more ugly in winter then in summer because the cold closeth the pores of the skin so that the matter contained thereunder is bent up for want of transpiration whence it becomes acrid and biting so that as it were boiling up it lifts or raiseth the skin into pustles and scabs it is a contumacious disease and oft-times not to be helped by medicine For the general method of curing this disease it is fit that the patient abstain from wine Diet. and from all things in general that by their heat inflame the blood and diffuse it by their vaporous substance he shall shun hot and very cold places and shall procure that his belly may be soluble either by nature or art Let blood first be drawn out of the basilica then from the vena frontis and lastly from the vein of the nose Let leeches be applied to sundry places of the face and cupping-glasses with scarification to the shoulders For particular or proper remedies if the disease be inveterate Remedies the hardness shall first be softned with emollient things then assaulted with the following ointments which shall be used or changed by the Chirurgian as the Physician shall think fit â„ž succi citri â„¥ iii. cerus quantum sufficit ad eum inspissandum An approved ointment argenti vivi cum saliva et sulphure vivo extincti Ê’ ss incorporentur simul et fiat unguentum â„ž boracis Ê’ii farin ciser et fabar an Ê’ i ss caph Ê’i cum melle et succo cepae fiant trochisci when you would use them dissolve them in rose and plantain-water and spread them upon linnen cloths and so apply them on the night-time to the affected parts and so let them oft-times be renewed â„ž unguenti citrini recenter dispensati â„¥ ii sulphuris vivi â„¥ ss cum modico olei sem cucurb et succi limonum fiat unguentum with this let the face be annointed when you go to bed in the morning let it be washed away with rose-rose-water being white by reason of bran infused therein moreover sharp vineger boiled with bran and rose-rose-water and applied as before powerfully takes away the redness of the face â„ž cerus litharg auri sulphuris vivi pulverisati an â„¥ ss ponantur in phiala cum aceto aquae rosarum linnen cloths dipped herein shall be applied to the
the hairs for many dayes CHAP. XLVII Of Pâ—ilothra or Depilatories and also of sweet-waters MEdicines to fetch off hair which by the Greeks are termed Psilothra and Depilatoria in Latine vulgarly A deplitatory are made as you may learn by these following examples â„ž calcis viva â„¥ iii. auripigmenti â„¥ i. let the lime be quenchd in fair water and then the orpiment added with some aromatick thing have a care that the medicine lie not too long upon the part otherwise it will burn and this medicine must be made to the consistence of a pultis and applied warm first fomenting the part with warm watet for then the hair will fall off by gentle rubbing or washing it with warm water but if there happen any excoriation thereupon you may help it by the use of unguentum rosatum Another or some other of the like faculty â„ž calcis viv aurip citrin an â„¥ i. amyl spumae argent â„¥ ss terantur et incorporentur cum aq cum bulliant simul you shall certainly know that it is sufficiently boiled if putting thereinto a gooses quill the feathers come presently off some make into powder equal parts of unquench'd lime and orpiment they tye them up in a cloth with which being steeped in water they besmear the part Sweet-waters and within a while after by gentle stroaking the head the hair falls away of it self The following waters are very fitting for to wash the hands face and whole body as also linnen because they yield a gratefull smel Lavender-water the first is lavander-water thus to be made â„ž flor lavend. lb iv aq rosar vini alb an lb ii aq vitae â„¥ iv misceantur omnia simul fiat distillatio in balneo Mariae the same water may also be had without distillation if you put some lavander-flowers in fair water clâ—ve- clâ—ve-Clâ—ve-water and so set them to sun in a glass or put them in balneo adding a little oyl of spike and musk Clove-water is thus made Sweet-water â„ž caryoph â„¥ ii aq rosar lbii. macerentur spatio xxiv horarum et distillentur in balneo Mariae Sweet-water commonly so called is made of divers odoriferous things put together as thus â„ž menthae majoranae hyssopi salviae rorismarini lavendulae an m ii radicis ireos â„¥ ii caryophyllorum cinamoni nucis moschatae ana â„¥ ss limonum nu iv maecerentur omnia in aqua rosarum spacio viginti quatuor horarum distillentur in balneo Mariae addendo Moschi ℈ ss The end of the Twenty sixth Book THE SEVEN and TWENTIETH BOOK OF DISTILLATION CHAP. I. What distillation is and how many kindes thereof there be HAving finishd the Treatise of the faculties of medicines it now seems requisite that we speak somewhat of Chymistry and such medicines as are extracted by fire These are such as consist of a certain fift essence separated from their earthy impurity by Distillation in which there is a singular and almost divine effcacy in the cure of diseases So that of so great an abundance of the medicines there is scarce any which at this day Chymists do not distil or otherwise make them more strong and effectual then they were before What distillation is Now dâ—stillation is a certain Art or way by which the liquor or humid part of things by the virtue and force of fire or some semblable heat as the matter shall seem to require is extracted or drawn being first resolved into vapor and then condens'd again by cold Some call this art Sublimation or subliming which signifies nothing else but to separate the pure from the unpure the parts that are more subtil and delicate from those that are more corpulent gross and excrementitious as also to make those matters whose substance is more gross to become more pure and sincere either for that the terrestrial parts are ill-united and conjoyned or otherwise confused into the whole and dispersed by the heat and so carried up the other grosser parts remaining together in the bottom of the vessel Or distillation is the extraction or effusion of moisture distilling drop by drop from the nose of the Alembeck or any such like vessel Before this effusion or falling down of the liquor there goes a certain concoction performed by the vertue of heat which separates the substances of one kinde from those of another that were confusedly mixed together in one body and so brings them into one certain form or body which may be good and profitable for divers diseases Some things require the heat of a clear fire others a flame others the heat of the Sun Four degrees of heat others of ashes or sand or the filings of Iron others hors-dung or boiling water or the oily vapor or steam thereof In all these kindes of fires there are four considerable degrees of heat The first is contained in the limits of warmth and such is warm water or the vapor of hot water The second is a little hotter but yet so as the hand may abide it without any harm such is the heat of ashes The third exceeds the vehemency of the second wherefore the hand cannot long endure this without hurt and such is the heat of sand The fourth is so violent that it burneth any thing that commeth near and such are the filings of Iron The first degree is most convenient to distill such things as are subtil and moist as flowers What heat fittest for what things The second such as are subtil and drye as those things which are odoriferous and aromatical as Cinnamom Ginger Cloves The third is fittest to distill such things as are of a more dense substance and fuller of juice such as are some Roots and gums The fourth if fit for metals and minerals as Allum Vitriol Amber Jet c. In like manner you may distill without heat as we use to do in those things which are distilled by straining as when the more pure is drawn and separated from that which is most unpure and earthy as we do in Lac Virginale and other things which are strained through an hypocrass-bag or with a piece of cloth cut in form of a tongue or by setling or by a vessel made of Ivie wood sometimes also some things may be distilled by coldness of humidity and so we make the oyl of Tartar Myrrh and Vitriols by laying them upon a marble in a cold and moist place CHAP. II. Of the matter and form of Fornaces THe matter and form of Fornaces uses to be divers The matter the best for Fornaces For some Fornaces use to be made of bricks and clay othersome of clay only which are the better and more lasting if so be the clay be fat and well tempered with whites of Eggs and hair Yet in sudden occasions when there is present necessity of distillation Fornaces may be made of bricks so laid together that the joints may not agree but be unequal for so the structure will
Feaver which happeneth in Scirrhous Tumors Why a Quartain happens upon Scirrhous tumors SUch a Feaver is a Quartain or certainly comming near unto the nature of a Quartain by reason of the nature of the Melancholick humor of which it is bred For this shut up in a certain seat in which it makes the tumor by communication of putrid vapours heats the heart above measure and enflames the humors contained therein whence arises a Feaver Now therefore a Quartain is a Feaver comming every fourth day and having two days intermission The primitive causes thereof are these things which encrease Melancholick humors in the body such as the long eating of pulse of coarse and burnt bread of salt flesh and fish of gross meats as Beef Goat Venison old Hares old Cheese Cabbadge thick and muddy Wines and other such things of the same kind The antecedent causes are heaped up plenty of Melancholick humors abounding over all the body But the conjunct causes are Melancholick humors putrefying without the greater vessels in the small veins and habit of the body The signs We may gather the signs of a Quartain Feaver from things which they call natural not natural and against nature From things natural for a cold and dry temper old age cold and fat men having their veins small and lying hid their Spleen swollen and weak are usually troubled with Quartain Feavers Why they are frequent in Autumn Of things not natural this Feaaer or Ague is frequent in Autumn not only because for that it is cold and dry it is fit to heap up Melancholick humors but chiefly by reason that the humors by the heat of the preceding Summer are easily converted into adust Melancholy whence far worser and more dangerous quartains arise than of the simple Melancholick humor to conclude through any cold or dry season in a region cold and dry men that have the like Temper easily fall into Quartains if to these a painful kind of life full of danger and sorrow doth accrew Of things contrary to nature because the fits take one with painful shaking inferring as it were the sense of breaking or shaking the bones further it taketh one every fourth day with an itching over the whole body and oft-times with a thin skurf and pustules especially on the legs the pulse at the beginning is little slow and deep and the Urin also is then white and waterish inclining to somewhat a dark colour In the declination when the matter is concocted the Urin becomes black not occasioned by any malign Symptom or preternatural excess of heat for so it should be deadly but by excretion of the conjunct matter The Fit of the Quartain continues 24 hours and the intermission is 44 hours At often takes its original from an obstruction pain and Scirrhus of the Spleen and of the suppression of the Courses and Haemorrhoides Prognostick Quartains taken in the Summer are for the most part short but in the Autumn long especially such as continue till Winter Those which come by succession of any disease of the Liver Spleen or any other precedent disease are worse than such as are bred of themselves and commonly end in a Dropsie From what diseases a Quartain frees one But those which happen without the fault of any bowels and to such a Patient as will be governed by the Physitian in his Diet infer no greater harm but free him from more grievous and long diseases as Melancholy the Falling-sickness Convulsion Madness because the Melancholy humor the Author of such diseases is expelled every fourth day by the force of the fit of the Quartain A Quartain Feaver if there be no error committed commonly exceeds not a year for otherwise some Quartains have been found to last to the twelfth year according to the opinion of Avicen the Quartain beginning in Autumn is oft-times ended in the following Spring the Quartain which is caused by adust bloud or choller or Salt-flegm is more easily and sooner cured than that which proceeds from adust Melancholy humor because the Melancholy humor terrestrial of its own nature and harder to be discussed than any other humor is again made by adustion the subtiller parts being dissolved and the grosser subsiding more stubborn gross malign and acrid The cure is wholly absolved by two means that is by Diet and medicines Diet. The diet ought to be prescribed contrary to the cause of the Feaver in the use of the six things not natural as much as lies in our power Wherefore the Patient shall eschew Swines flesh flatulent viscid and glutinous meats fenny Fowls salt Meats and Venison and all things of hard digestion The use of white Wine indifferent hot and thin is convenient to attenuate and incide the gross humor and to move urin and sweat yea verily at the beginning of the fit a draught of such Wine will cause vomitting which is a thing of so great moment that by this one remedy many have been cured Yet if we may take occasion and opportunity to provoke vomit How much Vomiting prevails to cure a Quartain there is no time thought fitter for that purpose then presently after meat for then it is the sooner provoked the fibers of the stomach being humected and relaxed and the Stomach is sooner turned to vomitting whereupon follows a more plentiful happy and easie evacuation of the Phlegmatick and Cholerick humor and less troublesome to nature and of all the crudities with which the mouth of the ventricle abounds in a Quartain by reason of the more copious afflux of the Melancholick humor which by his qualities cold and dry disturbs all the actions and natural faculties Moreover exercises and frictions are good before meat such passions of the mind as are contrary to the cause from which this Feaver takes his original are fit to be cherished by the Patient as Laughter Jesting Musick and all such like things full of pleasure and mirth At the beginning the Patient must be gently handled and dealt withal and we must abstain from all very strong medicins until such time as the disease hath been of some continuance For this humor contumacious at the beginning when as yet nature hath attempted nothing is again made more stubborn terrestrial and dry by the almost fiery heat of acrid medicins If the body abound with bloud some part thereof must be taken away by opening the Median or Basilick-vein of the left Arm with this caution that if it appear more gross and black we suffer it to flow more plentifully if more thin and tinctured with a laudable and red colour that we presently stay it The matter of this Feaver must be ripened concocted and diminished with the Syrrups of Epithymum of Scolopendrium Medicines of Maiden-hair Agrimony with the waters of Hops Bugloss Borage and the like I sincerely protest next unto God I have cured very many quartains by giving a portion of a little Treacle dissolved in about some
the Physitian is often forced to change the order of the cure All strange and external Bodies must be taken away as speedily as is possible because they hinder the action of Nature intending unity especially if they press or prick any Nervous Body or Tendon whence pain or an Abscess may breed in any principal part or other serving the principal Yet if by the quick and too hasty taking forth of such like Bodies there be fear of cruel pain or great effusion of Bloud it will be far better to commit the whole work to Nature than to exasperate the Wound by too violent hastening For Nature by little and little will exclude as contrary to it or else together with the Pus what strange body soever shall be contained in the wounded part But if there shall be danger in delay it will be fit the Chirurgeon fall to work quickly safely and as mildly as the thing will suffer for effusion of Bloud swooning convulsion and other horrid symptoms follow upon the too rough and boystrous handling of Wounds whereby the Patient shall be brought into greater danger than by the Wound it self Therefore he may pull out the strange Bodies either with his fingers or with instruments fit for that purpose but they are sometimes more easily and sometimes more hardly pulled forth according as the Body infixed is either hard or easie to be found or pulled out Which thing happens according to the variety of the figure of such like Bodies according to the condition of the part it self soft hard or deep in which these Bodies are fastned more straitly or more loosly and then for fear of inferring any worse harm as the breaking of some Vessel but how we may perform this first intention and also the expression of the instruments necessary for this purpose shall be shown in the particular Treaties of Wounds made by Gun-shot Arrows and the like Ligatures and Sutures for to conjoyn and hold together the lips of wounds But the Surgeon shall attain to the second and third scope of curing Wounds by two and the same means that is by Ligatures and Sutures which notwithstanding before he use he must well observe whether there be any great flux of Bloud present for he shall stop it if it he too violent but provoke it if too slow unless by chance it shall be poured out into any capacity or belly that so the part freed from the superfluous quantity of Bloud may be less subject to inflammation Therefore the lips of the Wound shall be put together and shall be kept so joyned by suture and ligatures Not truly of all but only of those which both by their nature and magnitude as also by the condition of the parts in which they are are worthy and capable of both the remedies For a simple and small solution of continuity stands only in need of the Ligature which we call incarnative especially if it be in the Arms or Legs but that which divides the Muscles transversly stands in need of both Suture and Ligature that so the lips which are somewhat far distant from each other and as it were drawn towards their beginning and ends may be conjoyned If any portion of a fleshy substance by reason of some great Cut shall hang down it must necessarily be adjoyned and kept in the place by Suture The more notable and large Wounds of all the parts stand in need of Suture which do not easily admit a Ligature by reason of the figure and site of the part in which they are as the Ears Nose Hairy-scalp Eye-lids Lips Belly and Throat There are three sorts of Ligatures by the joynt consent of all the Ancients Three sorts of Ligatures They commonly call the first a Glutinative or Incarnative the second Expulsive the third Retentive The Glutinative or Incarnative is fit for simple green and yet bloudy Wounds What an incarnative Ligature is This consists of two ends and must so be drawn that beginning on the contrary part of the Wound we may so go upwards partly crossing it and going downwards again we may closely joyn together the Lips of the Wound But let the Ligature be neither too strait lest it may cause inflammation or pain nor too loose lest it be of no use and may not well contain it The Expulsive Ligature is fit for sanious and fistulous Ulcers to press out the filth contained in them This is performed with one Rowler having one simple head What an expulsive the beginning of binding must be taken from the bottom of the Sinus or bosom thereof and there it must be bound more straightly and so by little and little going higher you must remit something of that rigour even to the mouth of the Ulcer that so as we have said the sanious matter may be pressed forth The Retentive Ligature is fit for such parts as cannot suffer strait binding such are the Throat What the retentive What the rowlers must be made of Belly as also all parts oppressed with pain For the part vexed with pain abhorreth binding The use thereof is to hold to local Medicines It is performed with a Rowler which consists somewhiles of one some whiles of more heads All these Rowlers ought to be of linnen and such as is neither too new nor too old neither too coorse nor too fine Their breadth must be proportionable to the parts to which they shall be applyed the indication of their largeness being taken from their magnitude figure and site As we shall shew more at large in our Tractates of Fractures and Dislocations The Chirurgeon shall perform the first scope of curing Wounds Why and how the temper of the wounded part must be preserved which is of preserving the temper of the Wounded part by appointing a good order of diet by the Prescript of a Physitian by using universal and local Medicines A slender cold and moist Diet must be observed until that time be passed wherein the Patient may be safe and free from accidents which are usually feared Therefore let him be fed sparingly especially if he be plethorick he shall abstain from Salt and spiced flesh and also from Wine if he shall be of a cholerick or sanguine nature in stead of Wine he shall use the Decoction of Barly or Liquorice or Water and Sugar He shall keep himself quiet for Rest is in Celsus opinion the very best Medicine He shall avoid Venery Contentions Brawls Anger and other perturbations of the mind When he shall seem to be past danger it will be time to fall by little and little to his accustomed manner and diet of life Universal remedies are Phlebotomies and Purging which have force to divert and hinder the defluxion whereby the temper of the part might be in danger of change For Phlebotomy it is not alwayes necessary as in small Wounds and Bodies In what wounds blood-letting is not necessary which are neither troubled with ill humors or Plethorick
immoderate eating and drinking and omission of exercise or any accustomed evacuation as suppression of the Hemorrhoides and courses for hence are such like excrementitious humors drawn into the Nerves with which they being repleat and filled are dilated more than is fit whence necessarily becomming more short they suffer Convulsion Examples whereof appear in Leather and Lute or Viol-strings which swoln with moisture in a wet season are broken by repletion Causes of Inanition Immoderate vomitings fluxes bleedings cause Inanition or Emptiness wherefore a Convulsion caused by a wound is deadly as also by burning feavers For by these and the like causes the inbred and primogenious humidity of the Nerves is wasted so that they are contracted like leather which is shrunk up by being held too neer the fire or as fidle strings which dryed with Summers heat are broken with violence such a convulsion is incurable For it is better a Feaver follow a Convulsion Aph. 26 sec 2. then a Convulsion a Feaver as we are taught by Hippocrates so that such a Feaver be proportional to the strength of the convulsifique cause and the Convulsion proceed from Repletion for the abundant and gross humor causing the Convulsion is digested and wasted by the feaverish heat Causes of convulsion by consent of pain The Causes of a convulsion by reason of pain are either the puncture of a Nerve whether it be by a thing animal as by the biting of a venemous Beast or by a thing inanimate as by the prick of a needle thorn or pen-knife or great and piercing cold which is hurtful to the wounds principally of the nervous parts whereby it comes to pass that by causing great and bitter pain in the nerves they are contracted towards their original that is the Brain as if they would crave succour from their parents in their distressed estate Besides also an ill vapour carried to the brain from some putrefaction so vellicateth it that contracting it self it also contracteth together with it all the Nerves and Muscles as we see it happeneth in those which have the falling sickness By which it appears that not only the brain it self suffereth together with the Nerves but also the Nerves with the Brain The signs of a Convulsion are difficult painful and depraved motions Signs of a convulsion either of some part or of the whole body turning aside of the Eyes and whole Face a contraction of the Lips a drawing in of the Cheeks as if one laughed and an universal sweat CHAP. X. The Cure of a Convulsion The cause of a Convulsion by Repletion THe cure of a Convulsion is to be varied according to the variety of the convulsive cause for that which proceeds from Repletion must be otherwise cured than that which is caused by an Inanition and that which proceeds of Pain otherwise than either of them For that which is caused by Repletion is cured by discussing and evacuating medicines as by diet conveniently appointed by purging bleeding digestive locall Medicines exercise frictions sulphurious baths and other things appointed by the prescription of some learned Physitian which shall oversee the cure which may consume the superfluous and excrementitious humors that possess the substance of the Nerves and habit of the body The locall remedies are Oyls Unguents and Liniments with which the Neck back-bone and all the contracted parts shall be anointed The Oyls are the oyl of Foxes Bayes Cammomill Worms Turpentine of Costus of Castoreum The Oyntments are Unguentum Arragon Agrippae de Althaea Martiatum This may be the form of a Liniment â„ž Olei chamaem Laurin ana â„¥ ij Olei Vulp â„¥ j Unguenti de Althaea Marti an â„¥ ss Axungiae vulpis â„¥ i Aquae vitae â„¥ i ss Cerae quantum sufficit Make a Liniment for your use Or â„ž Olei Lumbric de Spica de Castoreo an â„¥ iij Axung hum â„¥ i Sulphuris vivi â„¥ ss Cerae quantum sufficit Make a Liniment or â„ž Unguenti Martiati Agrip. an â„¥ iij. Olei de Terebinth â„¥ i ss Olei Salviae â„¥ ss Aquae vitae â„¥ i Cerae â„¥ i ss fiat linimentum But this disease is cured by slender diet and sweating with the Decoctions of Guiacum because by these remedies the gross tough and viscid excrements which are in fault are digested A Convulsion proceeding of Inanition is to be cured by the use of those things which do wholesomly and moderately nourish The cure of a Convulsion caused by inanition And therefore you must prescribe a diet consisting of meats full of a good nourishment as broaths and cullices of Capons Pigeons Veal and Mutton boyling therein Violet and Mallow leaves Conserves must be ordained which may strengthen the debilitated powers and humect the habit of the body such as are the Conserves of Bugloss Violets Borage and water Lillies The following broath will be profitable â„ž Lactucae Buglos portul an M i quatuor seminum frigid major an â„¥ ss seminis Barberis Ê’ i. Let them all be boyled with a chicken and let him take the broath every morning If thirst oppress him the following Julep will be good â„ž Aquae rosar â„¥ iv Aquae viol lb ss Saccari albissimi â„¥ vi fiat Julep utatur in siti If the Patient be bound in his body emollient and humecting Clysters shall be appointed made of the decoction of a Sheeps-head and feet Mallows Marsh Mallows Pellitory of the wall Violet leaves and other things of the like faculty Or that the remedy may be more ready and quickly made let the Clysters be of Oyl and Milk Topick remedies shall be Liniments and Baths Let this be the example of a Liniment An Emollient Liniment for my Convulsion â„ž Olei Viol. Amygdal dulc an â„¥ ij Olei Lilior Lumbric an â„¥ i Axungiae porci recentis â„¥ iij Cerae novae quantum sufficit fiat Linimentum with which let the whole spine and part affected be anointed This shall be the form of an emollient and humecting bath â„ž Fol. Malvae Bis Malvae An Emollient and humecting Bath Pariet ana M. vj. Sâ—minis Lini foenug ana lb ss Coquantur in aqua communi addendo Olei Lilior lb viiij Make a Bath into wâ—â—ch let the Patient enter when it is warm When he shall come forth of the Bath let him be â—ried with warm clothes or rest in his bed avoiding sweat But if the patient be able to undergo the charge it will be good to ordain a bath of milk or oyl alone or of them equally mixt together CHAP. XI Of the cure of a Convulsion by sympathy and pain A Convulsion which is caused both by consent of pain and Communication of the affect The Cure of a Convulsion by a puncture or bite is cured by remedies which are contrary to the dolorifick cause For thus if it proceed from a puncture or venemous bite the wound must be dilated and inlarged by cutting the skin that
can for two or three hours in his bed when he wakes let him take some Ptisan or some such like thing and then repeat his bath after the foresaid manner Things strengthening the ventricle He shal use this bath thrice in ten days But if the Patient be subject to crudities of the stomach so that he cannot sit in the bath without fear of swooning and such symptoms his stomach must be strengthened with oyl of quinces wormwood and mastich or else with a crust of bread toasted and steeped in muskadine and strewed over with the powders of roses sanders and so laid to the stomach or behind neer to â—e 13. verteâ—ra of the back under which place Anatomy teaches that the mouth of the stomach lies Epithems shall be applyed to the liver and heart to temper the too acrid heat of these parts Epithems and correct the immoderate dryness by their moderate humidity Now they shal be made of refrigerating and humecting things but chiefly humecting for too great coldness would hinder the penetration of the humidity into the part lying within The waters of bugloss and violets of each a quartern with a little white wine is convenient for this purpose But that which is made of French barly the seeds of gourds pompious or cowcumbers of each three drams in the decoction mixed with much tempering with oyl of Violets or of sweet Almonds is most excellent of all other Let cloaths be dipped and steeped in such epithems and laid upon the part and renewed as oft as they become hot by the heat of the part And because in hectick bodies by reason of the weakness of the digestive faculty many excrements are usually heaped up and dryed in the guts it will be convenient all the time of the disease to use frequently clysters made of the decoction of cooling and humecting herbs flowers and seeds wherein you shall dissolve Cassia with Sugar and Oyl of Violets or Water-lillies What a flux happening in a hect ck feaver indicates But because there often happen very dangerous fluxes in a confirmed hectick Feaver which shew the decay of all the faculties of the body and wasting of the corporeal substance you shall resist them with refrigerating and assisting medicins and meats of grosser nourishment as Rice and Cicers and application of astringent and strengthening remedies and using the decoction of Oats or parched Barly for drink Let the Patient be kept quiet and sleeping as much as may be especially if he be a child For this Feaver frequently invades children by anger great and long fear or the too hot milk of the nurse over-heating in the Sun the use of wine and other such like causes they shall be kept in a hot and moist air have another Nurse and be anointed with oyl of violets to conclude you shal apply medicins which are contrary to the morbifick cause CHAP. XXXIII Of the Wounds of the Epigastrium and of the whole lower Belly How children be cured THe wounds of the lower Belly are sometimes before sometimes behind some only touch the surface thereof others enter in some pass quite through the body so that they often leave the weapon therein some happen without hurting the contained parts others grievously offend these parts the Liver Spleen Stomach Guts Kidneys Womb Bladder Ureters and great Vessels Their differences so that oft-times a great portion of the Kall falls forth We know the Liver is wounded when a great quantity of bloud comes forth of the wound when a pricking pain reaches even to the Sword-like gristle Signs of a wounded liver Signs that the stomach and smaller guts are wounded Signs to know when the greater Guts are wounded Signs that the Kidneys are hurt Signs that the Bladder is wounded Signs that the womb is wounded to which the Liver adheres Oft-times more choler is cast up by vomit and the Patient lyes on his Belly with more ease and content When the Stomach or any of the small Guts are wounded the meat and drink break out at the wound the Ilia or flanks swell and become hard the Hicket troubles the Patient and oft-times he casts up more choler and grievous pain wrings his Belly and he is taken with cold sweats and his extream parts wax cold If any of the greater Guts shall be hurt the excrements come forth at the wound When the Spleen is wounded there flows out thick and black bloud the Patient is oppressed with thirst and there are also the other signs which we said use to accompany the wounded Liver A difficulty of making water troubles the Patient whose reins are wounded bloud is pissed forth with the Urin and he hath a pain stretched to his groins and the regions of the Bladder and Testicles The Bladder or Ureters being wounded the flanks are pained and there is a Tension of the Pecten or Share Bloud is made instead of Urin or else the Urin is very bloudy which also divers times comes forth at the wound When the Womb is wounded the Bloud breaks forth by the Privities and the symptoms are like those of the Bladder The wounds of the Liver are deadly for this part is the work-house of the bloud wherefore necessary for life besides by wounds of the Liver the branches of the Gate or Hollow-veins are cut whence ensues a great flux of bloud not only inwardly but also outwardly and consequently a dissipation of the spirits and strength Prognosticks Lib. 6. cap. 88. But the bloud which is shed inwardly amongst the Bowels putrefies and corrupts whence follows pain a feaver inflammation and lastly death Yet Paulus Aegineta writes that the lobe of the Liver may be cut away without necessary consequence of death Also the wounds of the Ventricle and of the small Guts but chiefly of the Jejunum are deadly for many vessels run to the Jejunum or empty Gut and it is of a very nervous and slender substance and besides it receives the cholerick humor from the Bladder of the Gall. So also the wounds of the Spleen Kidneys Ureters Bladder Womb and Gall are commonly deadly but alwayes ill for that the actions of such parts are necessary for life besides divers of these are without bloud and nervous others of them receive the moist excrements of the whole body and lye in the innermost part of the body so that they do not easily admit of medicins Furthermore all wounds which penetrate into the capacity of the Belly are judged very dangerous though they do not touch the contained Bowels for the encompassing and new air entring in amongst the Bowels greatly hurts them as never used to the feeling thereof add hereto the dissipation of the spirits which much weakens the strength Neither can the filth of such wounds be wasted away according to the mind of the Chirurgeon whereby it happens they divers times turn into Fistula's as we said of wounds of the Chest and so at length by collection of matter cause death
objects but the Ear cannot but in some certain space of time and by distinct gradations But the rumbling noise is like in both and certainly the Report of great Ordnance may be heard sometimes at forty miles distance whilst they make any great battery in the besieging of Cities Besides also Iron Bullets cast forth with incredible celerity by the fired Gunpowder throw down all things with a horrid force and that more speedily and violently by how much they resist the more powerfully by their hardness They report that Lightning melts the mony not hurting the purse Now many by the only violence of the air agitated and vehemently moved by shooting a piece of Ordnance as touched with Lightning have dyed in a moment their bones being shivered and broken no sign of hurt appearing in the skin The smell of Gunpowder when it is fired is hurtful fiery and sulphurous just like that which exhales or comes from bodies killed with Lightning For men do not only shun the smell but also wild Beasts leave their Dens if touched with Lightnings Now the cruelty of great Ordnance makes no less spoil amongst buildings nor slaughter amongst men and beasts than Lightnings do as we have formerly shown by examples not only horrid to see but even to hear reported as of Mines the Arcenal of Paris the City of Malignes These may seem sufficient to teach that Thunder and Lightning have a great similitude with the Shooting of great Ordnance which notwithstanding I would not have a like in all things For they neither agree in substance nor matter but only in the manner of violent breaking asunder the objects Now let us see and examin what manner of cure of wounds made by Gunshot our adversary substitutes for ours For he would have suppuratives used and applyed Our adversaries method and manner of cure reproved yet such as should not be hot and moist in quality or of an Emplastick consistence but hot and dry things For saith he here is not the same reason as in Abscesses where the Physitian intends nothing but suppuration But here because a contusion is present with the wound this requires to be ripened with suppuratives but the wound to be dryed Now to answer this objection I will refer him to Galen Gal. lib. 9 simpl 10. Meth. d. who will teach him the nature of supparatives from whom also he may learn that great regard is to be had of the cause and more urgent order in the cure of compound diseases then would I willingly learn of him whether he can heal a wound made by Gunshot not first bringing that which is contused to perfect maturity If he affirm he can I will be judged by whatsoever Practitioners he will to judge how obscure these things are Whereby you may the better understand there is nothing more commodious than our Basilicon and Oyl of Whelps to ripen wounds made by Gunshot if so be that putrefaction corruption a Gangrene or some other thing do not hinder Then would he have Oxycrate poured into these wounds to stay their bleeding which if it cannot so be stayed he would have a medicine applyed consisting of the white of an Egge Bole Armenick Oyl of Roses and Salt But I leave it to other mens judgment whether these medicines have power to stay bleeding if put into the wound certainly they will make it bleed the more Vinegar put into a wound doth not stay but causes bleeding For Vinegar seeing it is of a tenuious substance and biting it is no doubt but that it will cause pain defluxion and inflammation To which purpose I remember I put to stanch bleeding for want of another remedy a medicine wherein was some Vinegar into a wound received by a Moor an attendant of the Earl of Roissy hurt with a Lance run through his arm before Bologne by an English Horseman A History But he comes again to me a little after complaining and crying out that all his arm burnt like fire wherefore I was glad to dress him again and put another medicine into his wound and laid an astringent medicine upon the wound but poured it not therein And then above all other remedies he extols his Balsam composed of Oyl of Wax and Myrrhe beaten together with the white of an Egge which he saith is equal in operation to the natural Balsam of Peru. For he affirms that this hath a faculty to consume the excrementitious humidity of wounds and so strengthens the part that no symptom afterwards troubles them Yet he saith this doth not so well heal and agglutinate these wounds as it doth others which are cut Balms are fit to heal simple but not contused wounds Verily it is ridiculous to think that contused wounds can be healed after the same manner as simple wounds may which only require the uniting of the loosed continuity Therefore neither can these Balsams be fit remedies to heal wounds made by Gunshot seeing by reason of their dryness they hinder suppuration which unless it be procured the Patient cannot be healed Wherefore such things ought not to be put into wounds of this nature before they be ripened washed and clensed from their filth Yet can I scarse conceive where we shall be able to find out so many Chymists which may furnish us with these things sufficiently to dress so many wounded souldiers as usually are in an Army or whence the souldiers have sufficient means to bear the charge thereof Also that which he saith is absurd that the Balsams must be put into the wounds without Tents and presently forgetting himself he saith it will not be amiss if there be a little and slender Tent put into the wound which may only serve to hinder the agglutination thereof But how can these Balsams come to the bottoms of wounds without tents when as it is their chief property to carry medicins even to the innermost parts of the wounds and alwayes keep open a free passage for the evacuation of the quitture But it is not worthy that after he hath rejected Unguentum Aegyptiacum he nevertheless bids to apply it from the beginning until the contusion come to perfect maturation dissolving it in a decoction of the tops of Wormwood S. John Wurt the lesser Centory and Plantain and so injecting it into the wound Aegyptiacum howsoever made is a clenseâ— not a suppurative Besides also a little after he gives another way of using it which is to boyl a quantity of Hony of Roses in plantain-Plantain-water carefully skimming it until it be boyled to the consistence of Hony and then to add as much Aegyptiacum thereto and so to make an Ointment most fit to brings these wounds to suppuration But I leave it for any skilful in Chirurgery to judg whether such medicines can be suppuratives or whether they be not rather detersives Last of all he writes that these wounds must be drest but every fourth day And if there be a fracture of the bone joyned with
for such as live for they did not so much as suspect or imagine so horrid a wickedness but either for that they held an opinion of the general resurrection or that in these monuments they might have something whereby they might keep their dead friends in perpetual remembrance Thevet not much dissenting from his own opinion writes that the true Mummie is taken from the Monuments and stony Tombs of the anciently dead in Egypt the chinks of which tombs were closed and cemented with such diligence the inclosed bodies embalmed with precious Spices with such Art for eternity that the linnen vestures which were wrapt about them presently after their death may be seen whole even to this day but the bodies themselves are so fresh that you would judg them scarse to have been three days buryed And yet in those Sepulchers and Vaults from whence these bodies are taken there have been some corps of two thousands years old The same or their broken members are brought to Venice from Syria and Egypt and thence disperst over all Christendom But according to the different condition of men the matter of their embalments were divers for the bodies of the Nobility or Gentry were embalmed with Myrrh Aloes Saffron and other precious Spices and Drugs but the bodies of the common sort whose poverty and want of means could not undergo such cost were embalmed with asphaltum or pissasphaltum Now Mathjolus saith that all the Mummie which is brought into these parts What our Mummie usually is is of this last kind and condition For the Noblemen and chief of the Province so religiously addicted to the Monuments of their Ancestors would never suffer the bodies of their friends and kindred to be transported hither for filthy gain and such detested use as we shall shew more at large at the end of this work Which thing sometimes moved certain of our French Apothecaries men wondrous audacious and covetous to steal by night the bodies of such as were hanged and embalming them with Salt and Drugs they dryed them in an Oven so to sell them thus adulterated in stead of true Mummie Wherefore we are thus compelled both foolishly and cruelly to devour the mangled and putrid particles of the carkasses of the basest people of Egypt or of such as are hanged as though there were no other way to help or recover one bruised with a fall from a high place than to bury man by an horrid insertion in their that is in mans guts Now if this Drug were any way powerful for that they require they might perhaps have some pretence for this their more than barbarous inhumanity But the case stands thus that this wicked kind of Drug Mummie is no way good for contusions doth nothing help the diseased in that case wherefore and wherein it is administred as I have tryed a hundred times and as Thevet witnesses he tryed in himself when as he took some thereof by the advice of a certain Jewish Physitian in Egypt from whence it is brought but it also infers many troublesome symptoms as the pain of the heart or stomach vomiting and stink of the mouth I perswaded by these reasons do not only my self not prescribe any hereof to my Patients But hurtful and how but also in consultations endeavour what I may that it be not prescribed by others It is far better according to Galen's opinion in Method med to drink some Oxycrate The effects of Oxycrate in Contusions which by its frigidity restrains the flowing bloud and by its tenuity of substance dissolves and discusses the congealed clots thereof Many reasons of learned Physitians from whom I have learned this History of Mummie drawn from Philosophy whereby they make it apparent that there can be no use of this or that Mummie in contusions or against flowing or congealed bloud I willingly omit for that I think it not much beneficial to Chirurgeons to insert them here Wherefore I judg it better to begin to treat of Combustions or Burns CHAP. VIII Of Combustions and their Differences ALl Combustions whether occasioned by Gunpowder or by scalding Oyl Water The reason and symptoms of Combustions some metal or what things soever else differ only in magnitude These first cause pain in the part and imprint in it an unnatural heat Which savouring of the fire leaves that impression which the Greeks call Empyreuma There are more or less signs of this impression according to the efficacy of the thing burning the condition of the part burned and stay upon the same If the combustion be superficiary the skin rises into pustules and blisters unless it be speedily prevented If it be low or deep in it is covered with an Eschar or Crust the burnt flesh by the force of the fire turning into that crusty hardness The burning force of the fire upon whatsoever part it falls leaves a hot distemper therein condensates The 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 sing But 〈…〉 contracts and thickens the skin whence pain proceeds from pain there comes an attraction of humors from the adjacent and remote parts These humors presently turn into waterish or serous moisture whilst they seek to pass forth and are hindered thereof by the skin condensated by the action of the fire they lift it up higher and raise the blisters which we see Hence divers Indications are drawn whence proceeds the variety of medicins for Burns For some take away the Empyreuma that is the heat of the fire as we term it and asswage the pain other hinder the rising of blisters othersome are fit to cure the ulcer first to procure the falling away of the Eschar Variety of medicins to take away the heat and asswage the pain then to clense generate flesh and cicatrize it Remedies fit to asswage pain and take away the fiery heat are of two kinds for some do it by a cooling faculty by which they extinguish the preternatural heat and repress or keep back the bloud and humors which flow into the parts by reason of heat and pain Others endued with contrary faculties are hot and attractive as which by relaxing the skin and opening the pores resolve and dissipate the serous humors which yield both beginning and matter to the pustules and so by accident asswage the pain and heat Refrigerating things are cold water the water of Plantain Nightshade Henbane Hemlock the juyces of cooling hearbs as Purslane Lettuce Plantain Housleek Poppy Mandrake and the like Of these some may be compounded as some of the fore-named juyces beaten with the white of an Egge Clay beaten and dissolved in strong Vinegar Roch-Alome dissolved in water with the whites of Egs beaten therein writing-Ink mixed with Vinegar and a little camphire Unguentum nutritum and also Populeon newly made These and the like shall be now and then renewed chiefly at the first until the heat and pain be gone But these same remedies must be applyed warm for if they should be laid or put to
cold they would cause pain and consequently defluxion besides also their strength could not pass or enter into the part or be brought into action but so applyed they asswage pain hinder inflammation and the rising of blisters CHAP. IX Of hot and attractive Medicins to be applyed to Burns How fire may asswage the pain of burning AMongst the hot and attractive things which by rarifying drawing out and dissolving asswage the pain and heat of combustions the fire challenges the first place especially when the burning is but small For the very common people know and find by daily experience that the heat of the lightly burnt part vanishes away and the pain is asswaged if they hold the part which was burnt some pretty while to the heat of a lighted Candle or burning Coals for the similitude causeth attraction Thus the external fire whilest it draws forth the fire which is internal and inust into the part is a remedy against the disease it caused and bred It is also an easily made and approved remedy Beaten Onions good for burns and how if they presently after the Burn apply to the grieved part raw Onions beaten with some Salt Now you must note that this medicine takes no place if it be once gone into an ulcer for it would increase the pain and inflammation but if it be applyed when the skin is yet whole and not excoriated it doth no such thing but hinders the rising of pustles and blisters Hippocrates for this cause also uses this kind of remedy in procuring the fall of the Eschar If any endeavour to gainsay the use of this remedy by that principle in Physick which says that contraries are cured by contraries and therefore affirm that Onions Lib. 5. simpl according to the authority of Galen being hot in the fourth degree are not good for combustions let him know that Onions are indeed potentially hot and actually moist therefore they rarifie by their hot quality and soften the skin by their actual moisture whereby it comes to pass that they attract draw forth and dissipate the imprinted heat and so hinder the breaking forth of Pustles To conclude the fire as we formerly noted is a remedy against the fire But neither are diseases always healed by their contraries saith Galen but sometimes by their like although all healing proceed from the contrary this word contrary being more largely and strictly taken for so also a Phlegmon is often cured by resolving medicines which healeth it by dissipating the matter thereof Therefore Onions are very profitable for the burnt parts which are not yet exulcerated or excoriated But there are also many other medicins good to hinder the rising of blisters such as new Horse-dung fryed in Oyl of Wal-nuts or Roses and applyed to the parts In like manner the leaves of Elder or Dane-wort boyled in Oyl of Nuts and beaten with a little Salt Also quenched L me powdered and mixed with Unguentum Rosatum Or else the leaves of Cuckow-pint and Sage beaten together with a little Salt Also Carpenters Glue dissolved in water and anointed upon the part with a feather is good for the same purpose Also thick Vernish which Polishers or Sword Cutlers use But if the pain be more vehement How often in a day these must be dressed these medicins must be renewed three or four times in a day and a night so to mitigate the bitterness of this pain But if so be we cannot by these remedies hinder the rising of Blisters then we must presently cut them as soon as they rise for that the humor contained in them not having passage forth acquires such acrimony that it eats the flesh which lyeth under it and so causeth hollow ulcers So by the multitude of causes and increase of matter the inflammation groweth greater not only for nine days as the common people prattle but for far longer time also somewhiles for less time if the body be neither repleat with ill humors nor plethorick and you have speedily resisted the pain and heat by fit remedies When the combustion shall be so great as to cause an Eschar Medicins for an Eschar the falling away must be procured by the use of emollient and humective medicins as of Greases Oyls Butter with a little Basilicon or the following Ointment â„ž Mucagin psillii cydon an â„¥ iiij gummi trag â„¥ ij extrahantur cum aqua pariatariae olei filiorum â„¥ ijss cerae novae q. s fiat unguentum molle For ulcers and excoriations you shall apply fit remedies which are those that are without acrimony such as Unguentum album camphoratum deficcativum rubrum unguentum rosatum made without Vinegar or nutritum composed after this manner â„ž lithargyri auri â„¥ iiij ol rosat â„¥ iij. ol de papavar â„¥ ij ss ung populcon â„¥ iiij A description of Nutritum camphoraeÊ’ j. fiat unguentum in mortario plumbeo secundum artem Or Oyl of Egs tempered in a Leaden Mortar Also unquenched lime many times washed and mixed with unguentum rosatum or fresh Butter without Salt and some yolks of Egs hard roasted Or â„ž Butyri recent sine sale ustulati colati â„¥ vj. vitell over iiij cerus lotae in aqua plantag vel resar â„¥ ss tuthiae similiter lotae Ê’ iij. pâ—um i usti loti Ê’ ij Misceantur omnia simul fiat linimentum ut decet Or else â„ž cort sanâ—uc viridis olei rosat an lib. j. bulliant simul lento igne postea colentur adde olei ovorum â„¥ iiij pul cerus luthiae praepar an â„¥ j. cerae albae quantum sufficit fiat unguentum molle secundum artem But the quantity of drying medicins may always be encreased or diminished according as the condition of the ulcer shall seem to require The following remedies are fit to asswage pain as the mucilages of Line-seeds of the seeds of Psillium or Flea-wort and Quinces extracted in rose-Rose-water or fair-fair-water with the addition of a little Camphire and lest that it dry too speedily adde thereto some Oyl of Roses Also five or six yolks of Egs mixed with the mucilages of Line-seed the seed of Psillium and Quinces often renewed are very powerful to asswage pain A remedy for Burns commonly used in in the Hospital of Paris The women which attend upon the people in the Hospital in Paris do happily use this medicine against burns â„ž Lard conscissi libram unam let it be dissolved in Rose-water then strained through a linnen cloath then wash it four times with the water of Hen-bane or some other of that kind then let it be incorporated with eight yolks of new laid Egs and so make an Ointment If the smart be great as usually it is in these kinds of wounds the ulcer or sores shall be covered over with a piece of Tiffany lest you hurt them by wiping them with somewhat a coarse cloth and so also the matter may easily come forth and the medicins easily
heat is oppressed and suffocated But this I would admonish the young Chirurgeon that when by the fore-mentioned signs he shall find the Gangrene present that he do not defer the amputation for that he finds some sense or small motion yet residing in the part For oft-times the affected parts are in this case moved not by the motion of the whole muscle but only by means that the head of the muscle is not yet taken with the Gangrene which moving its self by its own strength also moves its proper and continued tendon and tail though dead already wherefore it is ill to make any delay in such cases CHAP. XIV Of the Prognosticks in Gangrenes HAving given you the signs and causes to know a Gengrene it is fit we also give you the prognosticks The fierceness and the malignity thereof is so great that unless it be most speedily withstood the part it self will dye and also take hold of the neighbouring parts by the contagion of its mortification which hath been the cause that a Gangrene by many hath been termed an Esthiomenos For such corruption creeps out like poyson Why a Gangrene is called Esthiomenos and like fire eats gnaws and destroys all the neighbouring parts until it hath spread over the whole body For as Hippocrates writes Lib. de vulner capitis Mortui viventis nulla est proportio i. there is no proportion between the dead and living Wherefore it is fit presently to separate the dead from the living for unless that be done the living will dye by the contagion of the dead In such as are at the point of death The quick impatient of the dead a cold sweat flows over all their bodies they are troubled with ravings and watchings belchings and hicketing molest them and often swoundings invade them by reason of the vapours abundantly and continually raised from the corruption of the humors and flesh and so carryed to the Bowels and principal parts by the Veins Nerves and Arteries Wherefore when you have foretold these things to the friends of the Patient then make haste to fall to your work CHAP. XV. Of the General cure of a Gangrene Various Indications of curing a Gangrene THe Indications of curing Gangrenes are to be drawn from their differences for then cure must be diversly instituted according to the essence and magnitude For some Gangrenes possess the whole member others only some portion thereof some are deep othersome superficial only Also you must have regard to the temper of the body For soft and delicate bodies as of Children Women Eunuchs and idle persons require much milder medicins than those who by nature and custom or vocation of life are more strong and hardy such as Husbandmen Labourers Mariners Huntsmen Porters and men of the like nature who live sparingly and hardly What parts soonest taken â—old by a Gangrene Neither must you have respect to the body in general but also to the parts affected for the fleshy and musculous parts are different from the solid as the nerves and joynts or more solid as the Vertebrae Now the hot and moist parts as the privities mouth womb and fundament are easilyer and sooner taken hold of by putrefaction wherefore we must use more speedy means to help them Wherefore if the Gangrene be chiefly occasioned from an internal cause he must have a dyet prescribed for the decent and fitting use of the six things not natural If the body be plethorick or full of ill humors you must purge or let bloud by the advice of a Physitian Against the ascending up of vapours to the noble parts the heart must chiefly be strengthened with Treacle dissolved in Sorrel or Carduus-water with a bole of Mithridate the Conserve of Roses and Bugloss and with Opiâ—tes made for the present purpose according to Art this following Apozeme shall be outwardly applyed to the region of the heart A cordial Epithema â„ž Aquae rosar nenuphar an â„¥ iiij aceti scillitici â„¥ j. câ—rallorum santalorum alborum rulrorum rosar rub in pulver redactarum spodii an â„¥ j. mithrid theriacae an Ê’ ij ss trochiscorum de CaphuraÊ’ ij flor cardial in pollin redactarum p. ij creciÊ’ j. Ex omnibus in pollinem redactis fiat epithema Which may be applyed upon the region of the heart with a Scarlet-cloth or spunge These are usually such as happen in the cure of every Gangrene CHAP. XVI Of the particular cure of a Gangrene THe cure of a Gangrene caused by the too plentiful and violent defluxion of humors suffocating the native heat by reason of great Phlegmons is performed by evacuating and drying up the humors The cure of a Gangrene made by inflammation which putrefie by delay and collection in the part For this purpose scarifications and incisions great in differeâ—s small deep and superficiary according to the condition of the Gangrene are much commenâ—â—d that so the burdened part may injoy the benefit of perspiration and the contained humorâ— of difflation or evacuation of their sooty excrements Let Incisions be made when the â—ffeâ—◠〈◊〉 deep in and neer to mortification But scarifications may be used when the part first 〈◊〉 to putrefie for the greatness of the remedy must answer in proportion to that of the disâ—â—â—â— Wherefore if it penetrate to the bones it will be fit to cut the skin and flesh with mâ—â—â—â—â—d deep Incisions with an Incision-knife made for that purpose yet take heed of cutting the larger nerves and vessels unless they be wholly putrefied for if they be not yet putrefied you shall make your Incisions in the spaces between them if the Gangrene be less we must rest satisfied with only scarifying it When the Scarifications and Incisions are made we must suffer 〈◊〉 bloud to flow forth that so the conjunct matter may be evacuated Then must we apply and put upon it such medicins as may by heating drying resolving clensing and opening amend and correct the putrefaction and by piercing to the bottom may have power to overcome the virulency already impact in the part For this purpose Lotions made of the Lye of the Ashes of Fig-tree or Oak wherein Lupins have been throughly boyled are good Or you may with less trouble make a medicine with salt-Salt-water wherein you may dissolve Aloes and Aegyptiacum adding in the conclusion a little Aqua vitae The description of an Aegyptiacum for Aqua vitae and calcined Vitriol are singular medicins for a Gangrene Or â„ž acet optmi lb j. mel ros â„¥ iiij syrup acetosi â„¥ iij. salis com â„¥ v. lulliant simul adde aqua vitae lb. s Let the part be frequently washed with this medicine for it hath much force to repress Gangrenes After your Lotion lay Aegyptiacum for a Liniment and put it into the Incisions for there is no medicine more powerful against putrefaction for by causing an Eschar it separates the putrid flesh from the sound But we must not in
medicins as those of the reins are but these not only taken by the mouth but also injected by the urinary passage These injections may be made of Gordonius his Trochisces formerly prescribed being dissolved in some convenient liquor but because Ulcers of the bladder cause greater and more sharp pain than those of the Kidnies therefore the Chirurgeon must be more diligent in using Anodynes For this purpose I have often by experience found that the oil of henbane made by expression gives certain help He shall do the same with Cataplasms and Liniments applyed to the parts about the Pecten and all the lower belly and perinaeum Aegyptiacum for the ulcers of the bladder as also by casting in of Clysters If that they stink it will not be amiss to make injection of a little Aegyptiacum dissolved in wine plantain or rose-water For I have often used this remedy in such a case with very prosperous success CHAP. XIX Of the Ulcers of the Womb. The causes ULcers are bred in the womb either by the conflux of an acrid or biting humour fretting the coats thereof or by a tumour against nature degenerating into an abscess or by a difficult and hard labour they are known by pain at the perinaeum and the efflux of Pus and Sanies by the privity Lib. 3. sect 12. tract 2. cap. 5. All of them in the opinion of Avicen are either putrid when as the Sâ—nies breaking forth is of a stinking smell and in colour resembles the water wherin flesh hath been washed Signs or else sordid when as they flow with many virulent and crude humours or else are eating or spreading Ulcers when as they cast forth black Sanies and have pâ—lsation joyned with much pain Besides they differ amongst themselves in site for either they possess the neck and are known by the sight by putting in a speculum or else are in the bottom and are manifested by the condition of the more liquid and serous excrements and the site of the pain The cure They are cured with the same remedies wherewith the Ulcers of the mouth to wit with aqua fortis the oil of Vitriol and Antimony and other things made somewhat more milde and corrected with that moderation that the ulcerated parts of the Womb may be safely touched with them it is requisite that the remedies which are applyed to the ulcers of the womb do in a moment that which is expected of them for they cannot long adhere or stick in the womb as neither to the mouth Galen saith Why strongly drying things are good for Ulcers of the womb that very drying medicins are exceeding fit for ulcers of the womb that so the putrefaction may be hindred or restrained whereto this part as being hot and moist is very subject besides that the whole body unto this part as unto a sink sends down its excrements If an ulcer take hold of the bottom of the womb it shall be cleansed and the part also strengthened by making this following injection â„ž hordei integri p. ij guajaci â„¥ j. An injection for an Ulcer in the bottom of the wombe rad Ireos â„¥ ss absinth plant centaur utriusque an M. j. fiat decoct in aqua fabrorum ad lb ij in quibus dissolve mellis rosati syrupi de absinthio an â„¥ iij. fiat injectio For amending the stinking smell I have often had certain experience of this ensuing remedy â„ž vini rab lb.j. unguent aegyptiaci â„¥ ij bulliant parum Thus the putrefaction may be corrected An injection hindering putrefaction and the painfull maliciousness of the humor abated Ulcers when they are cleansed must presently be cicatrized that may be done with Alum water the water of Plantain wherein a little Vitriol or Alum have been dissoved Lastly if remedies nothing availing the ulcer turn into a cancer it must be dressed with anodynes and remedies proper for a Cancer which you may finde set down in the proper treatise of Cancers The cure of Ulcers of the fundament was to be joined to the cure of these of the womb but I have thought good to referre it to the treatise of Fistulaes as I do the cure of these of the urinary passage to the Treatise of the Lues Venerea CHAP. XX. Of the Varices and their cure by cutting A Varix is the dilatation of a vein some whiles of one and that a simple branch What a Varix is and what be the differences thereof other whiles of many Every varix is either straight or crooked and as it were infolded into certain windings within its self Many parts are subject to Varices as the temples the region of the belly under the navil the testicles womb fundament but principally the thighs and legs The matter of them is usually melancholy blood The matter for Varices often grow in men of a melancholy temper and which usually feed on gross meats or such as breed gross and melancholy humours Also women with childe are commonly troubled with them by reason of the heaping together of their suppressed menstrual evacuation The causes The precedent causes are a vehement concussion of the body leaping running a painfull journey on foot a fall the carrying of a heavy burden torture or racking This kinde of disease gives manifest signs thereof by the largeness thickness Signs swelling and colour of the veins It is best not to meddle with such as are inveterate The cure for of such being cured there is to be feared a reflux of the melancholly blood to the noble parts whence there may be imminent danger of malign Ulcers a Cancer madness or suffocation When as many Varices and diversly implicit are in the legs they often swell with congealed and dryed blood and cause pain which is increased by going and compression The cutting of Varices Such like varices are to be opened by dividing the vein with a Lancet and then the blood must be pressed out and evacuated by pressing it upwards and downwards which I have oft-times done and that with happy success to the Patients whom I have made to rest for some few dayes and have applyed convenient medicins A varix is often cut in the inside of the leg a little below the knee in which place commonly the originall thereof is seen He which goes about to intercept a varix downwards from the first originall and as it were fountain thereof makes the cure far more difficult For hence it is divided as it were into many rivulets all which the Chirurgeon is forced to follow A varix is therefore cut or taken away so For what intention a Varix must be cut Paulus cap. 82. lib. 6. The manner how to cut it to intercept the passage of the blood and humours mixed together therewith flowing to an ulcer seated beneath or else lest that by the too great quantity of blood the vessel should be broken and death be occasioned by
turpentine A detersive and a little wheat flower and I used it until it was opened then to cleanse it I used this following remedy ℞ syrupi rosati terebinth venetae an ℥ ii pulveris radicis ireos florentiae aloes mastiches farinae hordei an ʒ ss incorporentur omnia simul fiat mundificativum but I had a care that the place whereat I conjectured the quite severed scales of the bones must break forth should be filled with tents made of sponge or flax that so by this means I might keep the ulcer open at my pleasure Catagmatick powders have power to cast forth the scales of bones But I put into the bottom of the ulcer catagmatick and cephalick powders with a little burnt alum to procure the egress of the formerly mentioned scales These at length cast forth I cicatrized the ulcer with burnt alum For this having a drying and astringent faculry confirms and hardens the flesh which is loose and spongy and flowing with liquid sanies and helps forward natures endeavour in cicatrization For the fragments of the bones they by reason of their natural driness and hardness cannot be joyned and knit together by themselves without a medium but they need a certain substance which thickning and concreting at their ends doth at length glue them together The causes both efficient and material of a Callus and as it were fasten them with soder This substance hath its matter of the proper substance and marrow of the bones but the former from the native hear and emplastick medicines which moderately heat For on the contrary these medicines which by their too much heat do discuss and attenuate do as it were melt and dissolve the matter of the Callus and so hinder the knitting Wherefore for this purpose I would wish you to make use of the following emplasters of whose efficacie I have had experience for hence they are called knitting or consolidating plasters Medicines conducing to the generation of a Callus ℞ olei myrtil rosarum omphac an lb. ss rad altheae lb. ij rad fraxini fol. ejusdem rad consolidae majoris fol. ejusdem fol. salicis an m. j. fiat decoctio in sufficiente quantitate vini nigri aquae fabrorum ad medietatis consumptionem adde in colaturâ pulveris myrrhae thuris an ℥ ss adipis hirci lb. ss terebinth lotae ℥ iv mastichesʒ iij. lithargyri auri argenti an ℥ ij boli armeniae terrae sigillatae an ℥ i. ss miniiʒ vi cerae albae quantum sufficit fiat emplastrum ut artis est In stead hereof you may use the black emplaster whereof this is the description The black plaster ℞ lithargyri auri lb. j. olei aceti lb ij coquantur simul lento igne donec nigrum splendens reddatur emplastrum non adhaereat digitis Or else ℞ olei rosat myrtill an ℥ ij nucum cupressi boli armen sanguinis drac pulverisatorum an ℥ ss emplastri diachalcitheos ℥ iv liquefaciant simul fiat emplastrum secundum artem The Description of a Sparadrapum or Cere-cloth In defect of these you may use a Cere-cloth or tela Gualteri whereof this is the description ℞ pulveris thuris farinae volatilis mastiches boli arm resinae pini nucum cupressi rubiae tinctorum an ℥ ij sevi arietini cerae albae an lb ss fiat emplastrum into which whilest it is hot dip a warm linnen cloth for the forementioned use Emplastrum Diacalcitheos by the common consent of all the Ancients is much commended for fractures but it must undergo different preparations according to the condition of the time for in the Summer it must be dissolved in the juice of Plantain and Night-shade lest it should heat more than is fit It is convenient in the interim to have regard to the temper of the affected bodies for neither are the bodies of children to be so much dried as these of old men otherwise if such drying medicines should be applied to young bodies as to old the matter of the Callus would be dissolved it would be so far from concreting wherefore the Surgeon must take great heed in the choice of his medicines Medicins good of themselves not good by event For oftentimes remedies good of themselves are by use made not good because they are used and applyed without judgment which is the cause that oft-times pernicious accidents happen or else the Callus becomes more soft hard slender crooked or lastly concretes more slowly by the great error and to the great shame of the Surgeon CHAP. XXVIII By what means we may know the Callus is a breeding When the Callus is breeding the ulcer must be seldom drest THen I knew that my leg begun to knit when as less matter than was usual came from the ulcer when the pain slackned and lastly when as the convulsive twitchings ceased which caused me to judge it fit to dress it seldomer than I was used to do For by the frequent detersion in dressing an ulcer whilest a Callus is breeding the matters whereof it is to be made are drawn away and spent which are as they term them Ros Cambium and Gluten which are the proper and genuine nourishments both of the bony as also of the fleshy substance I by other signs also conjectured the breeding of the Callus to wit by the sweating of a certain dewie blood out of the edges and pores of the wound which gently died and bedewed the boulsters and ligatures Hipp. sent 43. sect 1. de fract proceeding from the efflux of the subtler and gentler portion of that matter which plenteously flowed down for the breeding of a Callus As also by a tickling and pleasing sense of a certain vapour continually creeping with a moderate and gentle heat from the upper parts even to the place of the wound Wherefore thenceforwards I somewhat loosened the ligation lest by keeping it too strait I should hinder from entring to the fragments of the bones the matter of the Callus which is a portion of the bloud temperate in quality and moderate in quantity Then therefore I thought good to use nourishments fit to generate more gross thick Meats fit for generating a Callus and tenacious bloud and sufficient for generating a Callus such as are the extremities tendinous and grisly parts of beasts as the heads feet legs and ears of Hogs Oxen Sheep Kids all which I boiled with Rice French Barley and the like using somewhiles one somewhiles another to please my stomach and palate I also sometimes fed upon frumity or wheat sodden in Capon broth with the yolks of eggs I drank red thick and astringent wine indifferently tempered with water For my second course I ate chesnuts and medlars neither do I without some reason thus particularize my diet for that gross nourishments especially if they be friable and fragil as Beef is are alike hurtful
can firmly stand upon his feet CHAP. LVIII Of the symptoms and other accidents which may befal a broken or dislocated member MAnie things may befal broken or dislocated members by the means of the fracture or dislocation such as are bruises great pain inflammation a fever impostume Remedies for a contusion grangrene mortification ulcer fistula and atrophia all which require a skilfull and diligent Surgeon for their cure A contusion happen's by the fall of som heavie thing upon the part or by a fall from high whence follow 's the effusion of blood poured out under the skin wich if it bee poured forth in great plentie must bee speedily evacuated by scarification and the part eased of that burden lest it should thence gangrenate And by how much the blood shall appear more thick and the skin more dens by so much the scarification shall be made more deep You may also for the same purpose apply Leeches What may happen by pain Concerning pain wee formerly said that it usually happen's by reason that the bones are mooved out of their places whence it happeneth that they becom troublesom to the muscles and nervs by pricking and pressing them Hence ensue inflammations as also impostumation and a fever oft times a gangrene and in conclusion a mortification corrupting and rotting the bones otherwhiles a sinuous ulcer or fistula But an atrophia and leanness ariseth by the sloth and idelness of the member decaying all the strength thereof and by too straight ligation intercepting the passages of the blood otherwise readie to fall and flow thither Remedies for the leanness or Atrophia of any member Now the leanness which is occasioned by too straight ligation receive's cure by the flackning of the ligatures wherewith the member was bound That which proceed's from idleness is helped by moderate exercise by extending bending lifting up and depressing the member if so bee that hee can away with exercise Otherwise hee shall use frictions and fomentations with warm water The frictions must be moderate in hardness and gentleness in length and shortness The same moderation shall be observed in the warmness of the water What measure to bee used in fomenting and in the time of fomenting For too long fomenting resolv's the blood that is drawn But that which is too little or short a space draw's little or nothing at all after the fomentation hot and emplastick medicins made of pitch turpentine euphorbium pellitorie of Spain sulphur and the like shall bee applied They shall bee renued every day more often or seldom as the thing it selfe shall seem to require A dropax These medicines are termed Dropaces whose form is thus ℞ picis nigriae ammoniaci bdelii gummi elemi in aquâ vitae dissolutorum an ℥ ii olei laurini ℥ i. pulveris piperis zinziberis granorum paradisi Binding of the sound part opposite to the emaciated baccarum lauri juniperi anʒii fiat emplastrum secundùm artem extendatur super alutam It is also good to binde about the opposite sound part with a ligature yet without pain as if the right arm shall decay for want of nourishment the left shall bee bound beginning your ligation at the hand and continuing it up to the arm-pit If this mischance shall seiz upon the right leg then the left shall bee swathed up from the sole of the foot to the groin For thus a great portion of the blood is forced back into the vena cava or hollow vein and from this being distended and over full into the part affected and gapeing with the vessels almost empty beside also it is convenient to keep the sound part in rest that so it may draw the less nourishment and by that means there will bee more store to refresh the weak part How to binde up the emaciated part Som wish also to binde up the decaying member with moderate ligation for thus say they the blood is drawn thither for when as wee intend to let blood by opening a vein with a lancet wee bind the arm Also it is good to dip it into water somwhat more than warm and hold it there util it grow red and swell for thus blood is drawn into the veins as they finde which use to draw blood of the saphena and salvatella Now if when as these things and the like bee don the lame part grow's hot red and swollen then know that health is to bee hoped for but if the contrary happen the case is desperate wherefore you need attempt nothing further Signs that an Atrophia is curable Furthermore there is somtimes hardness lest in the joints after fractures and dislocations are restored It is fit to soften this by resolving the contained humor by fomentations liniments cataplasms emplasters made of the roots of marsh-mallows brionie lillies line seed fenugreek seed and the like and also of gums dissolved in strong vineger as ammoniacum bdelium opopanax labdanum sagapenum styrax liquida and adeps anserinus gallinaceus humanus oleum liliorum and the like Also you must wish the patient to moov the part ever now and then every day yet so that it bee not painfull to him that so the pent up humor may grow hot bee attenuated and at length discussed and lastly the part it self restored as far as art can performe it for oft-times it cannot bee helped any thing at all For if the member bee weak and lame by reason that the fracture happend neer the joint for the residue of his life the motion thereof useth to bee painful and difficult and oft-times none at all especially if the callus which grow's there bee somwhat thick and great and lastly if the joint it self shall bee contused and broken by the stroke as it oft-times happen's in wounds made by gun-shot Of divers other PRETER-NATURAL AFFECTS Whose cure is commonly performed by Surgerie THE SEVENTEENTH BOOK CHAP. I. Of an Alopecia or the falling away of the hairs of the head AN Alopecia is the falling away of the hair of the head and somtimes also of the eie-brows chin and other parts the French commonly call it the Pelade Physicians term it the Alopecia for old Foxes subject Gal. c. 2. lib. 1. de comp med secun locos by reason of their age to have the scab are troubled oft-times with this diseas This affect is caused either through defect of nourishment fit to nourish the hairs as in old age through want of the radical humiditie The caus or by the corruption of the alimentarie matter of the same as after long Fevers in the Lues venerea Leprosie the corruption of the whole bodie and all the humors whence follow 's a corruption of the vapors and fuliginous excrements or els by the vitious constitution of pores in the skin in raritie and constriction or densitie as by too much use of hot ointments made for coloring the hair or such as are used to take off hair
rag dipped therein but with care that none thereof fall upon the eye But when the Patient goes to bed let him cause them to be anointed with the following ointment very effectual in this case â„ž axungiae porci butyri recentis an â„¥ ss tut praepar Ê’ ss antimon in aqua euphrasiae praeparati ℈ ij camphorae gra iv misce in mortario plumbeo ducantur per tres horas conflatum indè unguentum servetur in pyxide plumbeâ Some commend and use certain waters fit to cleanse drie binde strengthen and absolutely free the eye-lids from itching and redness of which this is one â„ž aquae euphrag foeniculi chelidon an â„¥ ss sarcocol nutritae ℈ ij vitriol rom Ê’j misceantur simul bulliant uniâ—â â—bullitione postea coletur liquor servetur ad usum dictum Or else â„ž aquae ros vini alb boni an â„¥ iv tut praepar aloes anÊ’j flor aeni ℈ ij camphor gra ij Let them be boiled according to art and kept in a glass to wash the eye-lids Or else â„ž vini albi lb ss salis com Ê’ j. let them be put into a clean Barbars bason and covered and kept there five or six days and be stirred once a day and let the eye-lids be touched with this liquor Some wish that the Patients urine be kept all night in a Barbars bason and so the Patients eye-lids be washed therewith Verily in this affect we must not fear the use of acrid medicines for I once saw a woman of fifty years of age You need not fear to use acrid medicines in the itching of the eyelids Lib. 2. cap. 9. tract 3. who washed her ey-lids when they itched with the sharpest vinegar she could get and affirmed that she found better success of this then of any other medicine Vigo prescribes a water whose efficacie above other medicins in this affect he saith hath been proved and that it is to be esteemed more worth then gold the description thereof is thus â„ž aq ros vini albi odoriferi mediocris vinofitatis an â„¥ iiij myrobalan citrini trit Ê’j ss thurisÊ’ij bulliant omnia simul usque ad consumptionem tertiae partis deinde immediatè addantur flores aeris ℈ ij camph. gr ij Let the liquor be kept in a glass well stopped for the foresaid use CHAP. XI Of Lippitudo or Blear-eyes THere are many whose eyes are never drie but always flow with a thin acrid and hot humour which causeth roughness and upon small occasions inflamations blear or blood-shot eyes and at length also Strahismus or squinting What lippitudo is Lippitudo is nothing else but a certain white filth flowing from the eyes which oft-times agglutinates or joins together the eye-lids This disease often troubles all the life time and is to be cured by no remedy in some it is cureable Such as have this disease from their infancie are not to be cured for it remains with them till their dying day For large heads and such as are repleat with acrid or much excrementitious phlegm scarce yield to medicines There is much difference whether the phlegm flow down by the internal vessels under the skul or by the external which are between the skull and the skin or by both For if the internal veins cast forth this matter it will be difficultly cured if it be cured at all But if the external vessels cast forth that cure is not unprofitable which having used medicins respecting the whole body applies astringent medicines to the shaved crown as Empl. contra rupturam which may streighten the veins and as it were suspend the phlegm useth cupping and commands frictions to be made towards the hind part of the head and lastly maketh a Seton in the neck There are some who cauterize the top of the crown with an hot iron even to the bone so that it may cast a scale thus to divert and stay the defluxion A Collyrium of vitriol to stay the defluxions of the eyes For local medicines a Collyrium made with a good quantity of rose-rose-water with a little vitriol dissolved therein may serve for all CHAP. XII Of the Ophthalmia or inflamation of the Eyes AN Ophthalmia is an inflamation of the coat Adnata What Ophthalmia is and the causes thereof and consequently of the whole eye being troublesome by the heat redness beating renitencie and lastly pain It hath its original either by some primitive cause or occasion as a fall stroke dust or small sand flying into the eyes For the eye is a smooth part so that it is easily offended by rough things as saith Hippocrates lib. de carnibus Or by an antecedent cause as a defluxion falling upon the eyes The signs follow the nature of the material cause Signs for from blood especially cholerick and thin it is full of heat redness and pain from the same allaied with phlegm all of them are more remiss But if a heaviness possess the whole head the original of the disease proceeds there from But if a hot pain trouble the forehead the disease may be thought to proceed from some hot distemper of the Dura mater or the pericranium but if in the very time of the raging of the disease the Patient vomit the matter of the disease proceeds from the stomach But from whencesoever it cometh there is scarce that pain of any part of the body which may be compared to the pain of the inflamed eyes Verily the greatness of the inflamation hath forced the eyes out of their orb and broken them asunder in divers Therefore there is no part of Physick more blazed abroad then for sore eyes For the cure The cure the Surgeon shall consider and intend three things diet the evacuation of the antecedent and conjunct cause and the overcoming it by to pick remedies The diet shall be moderate eschewing all things that may fill the head with vapours and those things used that by astriction may strengthen the orifice of the ventricle and prohibit the vapors from flying up to the head the Patient shall be forbidden the use of wines unless peradventure the disease may proceed from a gross and viscid humour as Galen delivers it The evacuation of the matter flowing into the eye shall be performed by purging medicines phlebotomie in the arm cupping the shoulders and neck with scarification and without and lastly by frictions Com. ad aphor 31. sect 6. as the Physitian that hath undertaken the cure shall think fit Galen after universal remedies for old inflamations of the eyes commends the opening of the veins and arteries in the forehead and temples Lib. 13. meth cap. ult because for the most part the vessels thereabouts distended with acrid hot and vaporous bloud cause great and vehement pains in the eye For the impugning of the conjunct cause divers to pick medicins shall be applied according to the four sundry times or seasons that every phlegmon usually hath For in the beginning
by conjecture CHAP. XX. Of the physical cure of a beginning Cataract Diet for such as are troubled with a Cataract A Beginning Cataract is hindered from growing and concretion by diet conveniently and artificially prescribed by the abstinence from wine especially more strong and vaporous and forbearing the use of meats which yield a phlegmatick juice and vaporous as pease beans turneps chesnuts and lastly all such things as have the faculty of stirring up the humors and causing defluxion in the body such as are all salt and spiced meats as also garlike onions mustard The immoderate use of Venery hurts more than all the rest for that it more violently exagitates the whole body weakens the brain and head Bread seasoned with sennel-seeds and begets crude humors Let his bread be seasoned with some sennel-seeds for it is thought to have a faculty of helping the sight and clearing the eyes and dissipating the misty vapours in the stomach before they can ascend to the brain Wherefore by the same reason it is good to use Marmelade of quinces conserve of roses and common drige powder or any such like composed of things good to break winde or corroborate the ventricle Phlebotomy and purging if they be requisite shall be fitly appointed Ventoses shall be applyed to the shoulders and neck and phlegmatick matter shall be diverted and evacuated by the mouth with using masticatories in the morning There be some which believe that a beginning Cataract may be dissipated and discussed by often rubbing the eye-lids with his fingers and in like sort by the often and earnest beholding of the Stars and the Moon when it is at the full looking-glasses diamonds and all other such like bright shining things How bright shining things may dissipate a beginning Cataract I believe that by beams plentifully and suddenly brought and diffused over the eye directly opposite against some bright shining thing it may seem to have a penetrating dividing dissolving as also a consuming and drying faculty Besides also the hot breath of him who holdeth in his mouth and chaweth fennel-seeds annis-seeds coriander-seeds nutmeg cinnamon cloves and the like hath a great faculty the eyes being first gently rubbed with the finger it being breathed in neer at hand and often received to heat attenuate resolve digest and diffuse the humor which is ready to concrete Moreover this collyrium of John Vigo is thought very powerfull to clear the eyes strengthen the sight hinder suffusions and discuss them if at any time they concrete and begin to gather A Collyâ—ium dissipating a beginning Cataract â„ž hepatis hircini sani recentis lb ij calami aromatici mellis an â„¥ ss succi rutae Ê’iii aquae chelidoniae foeniculi verbenae euphrasiae an â„¥ iij. piperis longi nucis moschatae carâ—ophillorum an Ê’ ii croci ℈ j. floris rorismarini aliquantum contriti m. ss sarcocollae alces hepaticae anÊ’ iii. fellis ratae leporis perdicis an â„¥ i. terantur omnia tritisque adde sacchari albi â„¥ ii mellis rosatiÊ’ vi conjiciantur in alembicum vitreum distillentur in balneo Mariae Let this distilled liquor be often dropped into the eyes But if you prevail nothing by all these medicines and that the cloudy and heaped-up humor doth daily increase and thicken then must you abstain from remedies and expect untill it be no more heaped up but thickned yea untill it seem to be grown somewhat hard For so it may be couched with a needle otherwise if this same skin shall not be ripe but more tender than is fitting when you shall come to the operation it will be broken and thrust through with the needle and not couched On the contrary if it be too hard it will resist the needle neither will it suffer it self to be easily couched A Cataract must not be â—â—uched unless it be ripe Wherefore it is requisite that the Surgeon know when it is ripe and he must diligently observe the signs whereby he may discern a ripe Cataract from an unripe and that which is curable from that which is uncurable For that only which is ripe and curable is to be couched that which is unripe that is such an one as is more tender and as it were crude and that which is more hard and dense and lastly that which is uncurable must not be attempted at all CHAP. XXI By what signs ripe and curable Cataracts may be discerned from unripe and uncurable ones IF the sound eye being shut the pupil of the sore or suffused eye after it shall be rubbed with your thumb be presently dilated and diffused and with the like celerity return into the place figure colour and state it is thought by some to shew a ripe and confirmed Cataract But an unripe and not to be couched if the pupil remain dilated and diffused for a long while after But it is a common sign of a ripe as also more dense and consequently uncurable suffusion to be able to see nor distinguish no visible thing beside light and brightness for to discern other objects sheweth that it is not yet ripe Therefore the sound eye being shut and pressed the pupil of the other rubbed with your thumb is dilated enlarged swelleth and is more diffused the visive spirits by this compression being as it were forced from the sound into the sore eye Uncurable Cataract But these following Cataracts are judged uncurable that is such as are great such as when the eye-lid is rubbed are nothing dilated or diffused whose pupil becometh no broader by this rubbing for hence you may gather that the stopping or obstruction is in the optick nerve so that how cunningly and well soever the Cataract be couched yet will the patient continue blinde you shall do no more good in couching a Cataract which is in an eye consumed and wasted with a Phthisis Also that Cataract is uncurable which is occasioned by a most grievous disease to wit by most bitter and cruel pains of the head or by a violent blow Such as are of a plaister-like green black livid citrine and quick-silver-like colour are usually uncurable On the contrary such as are of a Chesnut colour or of a skie or sea-sea-water colour Curable Cataracts with some little whiteness yield great hope of a happy and successfull cure CHAP. XXII Of the couching a Cataract AFter you shall know by the forementioned signs that the Cataract is curable When to couch a Cataract it remains that you attempt the couching thereof but so that there be nothing which may hinder For if the pain of the head cough naufeousness or vomiting at that time trouble the patient you shall then bestow your labour in vain Wherefore you must expect untill these symptoms be gone Then make choice of a season fitting for that purpose that is in the decrease of the Moon when the air is not troubled with thunder nor fightning and when as the Sun is not in
Aries because that sign hath dominion over the head Then let the Surgeon consult a Physician whether purging or blood-letting be convenient for the patient so to resist plethorick symptoms otherwayes ready to yield matter for relapse Two dayes after you must make choice of a place furnished with indifferent oâ— competent light The place and the Patient being fasting shall be placed in a straight chair so that the light may not fall with the beams directly upon him but side-wise The eye which shall be cured must be made more steddy by laying and binding wooll upon the other Then the Surgeon shall seat and place himself directly against the patient upon a seat somewhat higher and bidding the patient put his hands down to his girdle he shall hold the Patients legs between his knees One shall stand at the patients back who shall hold his head and keep it from stirring for by a little stirring he may lose his sight for ever Then must you prepare and make ready your needle The Needle and thrust it often into some strong thick cloth that it may be as it were smooth by this motion and for the performance of the work in hand with the less pain somewhat warmed It must be made of iron or steel and not of gold or silver it must be also flatted on the sides and sharp-pointed that so it may the better pierce into the eye and wholly couch the Cataract once taken hold of and lest it should slip in the Surgeons hand and be less steddy it shall be put into a handle as you may see by the following figure A Needle inserted in a handle for the couching of Cataracts All things being thus in a readiness you must bid the patient to turn the sight of his eye towards his nose and the needle must be boldly thrust for it is received in a place that is void and only filled with spirits directly by the coat Adnata in the middle space between the lesser corner and the horny-coat just against the midst of the Cataract yet so as that you hurt no vein of the Adnata Gal. lib. 10 de â—â—u p. râ—iâ—m 5 â—els lib. 7. and then by stirring it as it were diversly untill it come to the midst of the pupil and suffusion When it is come thither the needle must be inclined from above downwards to the suffussion and there to be stirred gently untill by little and little it couch or bring down the Cataract as whole as may be beneath the compass of the pupil let him still follow it though couched with his needle and somewhat violently depress and keep it down for some short space that so it may rest and stay in that lower place whither it is depressed The sign of a Cataract well couched The Surgeon shall trie whether it firmly remain there or no bidding the patient presently to move his eye for if it remain constantly so and do not re-again the cure is perfect Then must the needle be lifted up by little and little neither must it presently be taken forth that if the Cataract should bear up or rise again that it might again and so often whilest the work is yet hot and all things in a readiness be couched towards the lesser corner untill it be fully and surely hid Then must you draw back the needle gently and after the same manner as you put it in lest if you use not moderation you bring back the Cataract from whence you couched it or grievously offend the chrystalline humor the prime instrument of sight or the pupil with danger of dilating thereof Some as soon as the work is done give the patient something in his hand to look upon but Paulus approves not thereof Lib. 6. cap. 21. Whaâ— to be done after the c uching of a Cataract for he fears lest his endeavouring or striving to see may draw back the Cataract Wherefore it is more wisdom and better presently after the drawing forth of the needle to put on a soft rag the white of an egg beaten in rose-rose-water with a little choice Alum and so apply it to the eye and neighbouring parts for to binde and hinder the inflammation then also you must together therewith binde up the sound eye lest by stirring to see it might together therewith draw and move the sore eye by reason of the sympathy and consent they mutually have by the optick nerves After all things are thus performed the patient shall be laid in a soft bed and so placed that his head may lie somewhat high let him be laid far from noise let him not speak nor eat any hard thing that may trouble his jawes wherefore let him feed upon liquid meats as panado barly-cream cullisses gellies rear-eggs and other meats of the like nature At the end of eight dayes the ligature that bindes up the eyes shall be loosed and his eyes washed with rose-rose-water and putting on spectacles or some taffaty the patient shall by little and little accustom himself to the light lest he should be offended by the sudden meeting with light But if the suffusion after some short while after lift it self up again it must be couched again but through a new hole for the eye is pained and tender in the former place It sometimes happens by the touch of the needle that the Cataract is not couched whole but is broken into many pieces then therefore each of them must be followed and couched severally if there be any very small particle which scapes the needle it must be let alone for there is no doubt but that in process of time it may be dissolved by the force of the native heat There are also some Cataracts which at the first touch of the needle are diffused and turn into a substance like to milk or troubled water Of a Cataract which is broken to pieces for that they are not throughly ripe yet these put us in good hope of recovery if it be but for this that they can never afterwards concrete into one body as before Wherefore at the length they are also discussed by the strength of the native heat and then the eye recovers its former splendor If that any other symptoms come unlooked for they shall be helped by new counsels and remedies CHAP. XXIII Of the stopping of the passage of the Ears and the falling of things thereinto The cause IT sometimes happeneth that children are born without any holes in their ears a certain fleshly or membranous substance growing in their bottom or first entrance The same may also happen afterwards by accident they being ulcerated by some impostum or wound and the ear shut up by some fleshly excrescence or scar When as the stopping is in the bottom of the cavity the cure is more difficult than if it were in the first entrance But there is a double way of cure The cure for this substance whatsoever it be must either be cut out
or else eaten away and consumed by acrid and catheretick medicins in performance of which there is need of great moderation of the minde and hand For it is a part endued with most exquisite sence and near the brain wherefore by handling it too roughly there is fear of distension of the nerves and consequently of death Sometimes also the preternatural falling of some strange bodies into this passage maketh a stopping of the ears such as are fragments of stone gold silver iron and the like metals pearls cherry-stones or kernels pease and other such like pulse Now solid and bony bodies still retain the same magnitude but pease seeds and kernels by drawing the moisture there implanted into them swell up and cause vehement pain by the distension of the neighbouring parts wherefore the sooner they are drawn forth the better it is for the patient This shall be done with small pincers and instruments made in the shape of ear-picks But if you profit nothing thus then must you use such gimblets as are made for the drawing forth of bullets shot deep into the bodie Little stones and bodies of the like stonie hardness shall be forced forth by the brain provoked to concussion by sneesing The concussive force of sneesing and by dtopping some oil of almonds first into the passage of the ear that the way may be the more slippery for it will come to pass by this sneesing or violence of the internal air forcibly seeking passage out that at length they may be cast forth the mouth and nostrils being stopped with the hand But if we cannot thus prevail it remains that we cut open the passage with an incision-knife so much as shall be sufficient for the putting in and using of an instrument for to extract them If any creeping things of little creatures as fleas ticks pismires gnats and the like which sometimes happeneth shall get therein you may kill them by dropping in a little oil and vinegar There is a certain little creeping thing which for piercing and getting into the ears the French call Perse-oreille we an ear-wig This if it chance to get into the ear may be killed by the foresaid means you may also catch it or draw it forth by laying half an apple to your ear as a bait for it CHAP. XXIV Of getting of little bones and such like things out of the jaws and throat SOmetimes little bones and such like things in eating greedily use to stick The cure different according to the places where they stick or as it were fasten themselves in the jaws oâ— throat Such bodies if you can come to the sight of them shall be taken out with long slender and crooked mallets made like a Cranes-beak If they do not appear nor there be no means to take them forth they shall be cast forth by causing vomit or with swallowing a crust of bread or a drie fig gently chawed and so swallowed or else they shall be thrust down into the stomack or plucked back with a leek or some other such long and stiff crooked bodie anointed with oil and thrust down the throat If any such like thing shall get into the weazon you must cause coughing by taking sharp things or else sneesing so to cast forth whatsoever is there troublesome CHAP. XXV Of the Tooth-ache OF all pains The Tooth-ach a most cruel pain there is none which more cruelly tormenteth the patients then the Tooth-ache For we see them oft-times after the manner of other bones to suffer inflammation which will quickly suppurate and they become rotten and at length fall away piece-meal for we see them by daily experience to be eaten and hollowed and to breed worms some portion of them putrefying The cause of such pain is either internal or external and primitive The internal is a hot or cold defluxion of humors upon them filling their sockets The cause thereof and thence consequently driving out the teeth which is the reason thar they stand sometimes so far forth that the patient neither dares nor can make use of them to chaw for fear of pain for that they are loose in their sockets by the relaxation of the gums caused by the falling down of the defluxion When as they are rotten and perforated even to the roots if any portion of the liquor in drinking fall into them they are pained as if you thrust in a pin or bodkin the bitterness of the pain is such The signs of a hot defluxion are sharp and pricking pain The signs of this or that defluxion as if needles were thrust into them a great pulsation in the root of the pained tooth and the temples and some ease by the use of cold things Now the signs of a cold defluxion are a great heavinesse of the head much and frequent spitting some mitigation by the use of hot remedies In the bitternesse of pain we must not presently run to Tooth-drawers or cause them presently to go in hand to pluck them out First consult a Physician who may prescribe remedies according to the variety of the causes Now here are three intensions of curing The first is concerning diet the other for the evacuation of the defluxion or antecedent cause Three scopes of curing the third for the application of proper remedies for the asswaging of pain The two former scopes to wit of diet and diâ—eâ—ting the defluxion by purging phlebotomie application of cupping-glasses to the neck and shoulders and scarification do absolutely belong to the Physician Now for proper and to pick medicines they shall be chosen contrary to the cause Wherefore in a hot cause it is good washing the mouth with the juice of pomgranats plantain-plantain-water A cold and repercussive lotion for the mouth a little vinegar wherein roses balaustiae and sumach have been boiled But such things as shall be applyed for the mitigating of the pain of the teeth ought to be things of very subtle parts for that the teeth are parts of dense consistence Therefore the ancients have alwaies mixed vinegar in such kind of remedies â„ž rosar rub sumach hordei an m. ss seminis hyoscyami canquassatiÊ’ii santalorum an Ê’i lactucae summitatum rubi solani plantaginis an m. ss bulliant omnia in aquae lb. iiii pauco aceto ad hordei crepaturam Wash the mouth with such a decoction being warm You may also make Trochises for the same purpose after this manner â„ž sem hyosciami Trochises for a hot defluxion sandarachae coriandri opii an Ê’ ss terantur cum aceto incorporentur formenturque trochisci apponendi dentibus dolentibus Or else â„ž seminis portulacae hyoscyami coriandri lentium corticis santali citrini rosar rub pyrethri camphorae an Ê’ ss let them all be beaten together with strong vinegar and made into trochises with which being dissolved in rose-water let the gums and whole mouth be washed when need requireth But if the pain be not asswaged with these you
thrust this hot iron thorow a pipe or cane made for the same purpose lest it should harm any sound part by the touch thereof and thus the putrefaction the cause of the arosion may be staid But if the hole be on the one side between two teeth then shall you file away so much of the sound tooth as that you may have sufficient liberty to thrust in your wier without doing any harm The forms of Files made for filing the teeth Worms breeding by putrefaction in the roots of the teeth Causes of worms in the teeth shall be killed by the use of causticks by gargles or lotions made of vineger wherein either pellitory of Spain hath been steeped or treacle dissolved also aloes and garlick are good to be used for this purpose Setting the teeth on edge happens to them by the immoderate eating of acrid or tart things or by the continual ascent of vapours endued with the same quality Causes of setting the teeth on edge from the orifice of the ventricle to the mouth or by a cold defluxion especially of acrid phlegm falling from the brain upon the teeth or else by the too excessive use of cold or stupifying liquors This affect is taken away if after general medicines and shunning those things that cherish the disease the teeth be often washed with aqua vitae or good wine wherein sage rosemarie cloves nutmegs and other things of the like nature have been boiled CHAP. XXVII Of drawing of teeth TEeth are drawn either for that they cause intolerable pains which will not yield to medicines or else for that they are rotten and hollowed so that they cause the breath to smell or else for that they infect the sound and whole teeth and draw them into the like corruption or because they stand out of order Besides when they are too deep and strongly rooted so that they cannot be plucked out they must oft-times be broken of necessity that so you may drop some caustick thing into their roots which may take away the sense and consequently the pain A caveat in drawing of teeth The hand must be used with much moderation in the drawing out of a tooth for the jaw is sometimes dislocated by the too violent drawing out of the lower teeth But the temples eyes and brain are shaken with greater danger by the too rude drawing of the upper teeth Wherefore they must first be cut about that the gums may be loosed from them then shake them with your fingers and do this until they begin to be loose for a tooth which is fast in and is plucked out with one pull oft-times breaks the jaw and brings forth the piece together therewith Lib. 7. cap. 18. whence follows a fever and a great flux of blood not easily to be staid for blood or pus flowing out in great plenty is in Celsus's opinion the sign of a broken bone and many other malign and deadly symptomes Some have had their mouths drawn so awry during the rest of their lives that they could scarce gape Besides if the tooth be much eaten the hole thereof must be filled either with lint or a cork or a piece of lead well fitted thereto lest it be broken under your forceps when it is twitched more straitly to be plucked out and the root remain ready in a short time to cause more grievous pain But judgment must be used and you must take special care lest you take a sound tooth for a pained one for oft-times the Patient cannot tell for that the bitterness of pain by neighbourhood is equally diffused over all the jaw The manner of drawing teeth Therefore for the better plucking out a tooth observing these things which I have mentioned the Patient shall be placed in a low seat bending back his head between the tooth-drawers legs then the tooth-drawer shall deeply scarifie about the tooth separating the gums therefrom with the instruments marked with this letter A. and then if spoiled as it were of the wall of the gums it grow loose it must be shaken and thrust out by forcing it with the three-pointed levatory noted with this letter B. but if it stick in too fast and will not stir at all then must the tooth be taken hold of with some of these toothed forcipes marked with these letters C. D. E. now one then another as the greatness figure and site shall seem to require I would have a tooth-drawer expert and diligent in the use of such toothed mullets for unless one know readily and cunningly how to use them he can scarce so carrie himself but that he will force out three teeth at once oft-times leaving that untoucht which caused the pain Instruments for scraping the teeth and a three-pointed levatorie The effigies of Forcipes or Mullets for the drawing of teeth The form of another Instrument for drawing of teeth What to be done when the tooth is pluckt out After the tooth is drawn let the blood flow freely that so the part may be freed from pain and the matter of the tumor discharged Then let the tooth-drawer press the flesh of the gums on both sides with his fingers whereas he took out the tooth that so the socket that was too much dilated and oft-times torn by the violence of the pluck may be closed again Lastly the mouth shall be washed with oxycrate and if the weather be cold the Patient shall take heed of going much in the open air lest it cause a new defluxion upon his teeth CHAP. XXVIII Of cleansing the Teeth PIeces of meat in eating sometimes stick between the teeth Causes of foul or rusty teeth and becoming corrupt by long staying there do also hurt the teeth themselves and spoil the sweetness of the breath He that would eschew this ought presently after meat to wash his mouth with wine mixed with water or oxycrate and well to cleanse his teeth that no slimie matter adhere to them Many folks teeth by their own default gather an earthy filth of a yellowish colour which eats into them by little and little as rust eats into iron This rustie filthiness or as it were mouldiness of the teeth doth also oft-times grow by the omitting of their proper duty that is of chawing Whence soever this slimie filth proceeds we must get Dentifrices to fetch it off withall The cure and then the teeth must be presently rubbed with aqua fortis and aqua vitae mixed together that if there be any thing that hath scaped the Dentifrices it may be all fetched off A caution in the use of acrid things yet such acrid washings are hurtful to the sound teeth for that they by little and little consume and waste the flesh of the gums Dentifrices shall be made of the root of marsh-mallows boiled in white wine and allom and as when the teeth are loose we must abstain from such things as are hard to be eaten and chawed but much more from
performed a silver pipe shall bee put through the wound into the bladder whereof I have here given you divers forms that you may take your choice and so fit them to the wounds and not â—he wounds to them which oft-times in want of instruments the Surgeons are forced to do to the great harm of the patient Silver pipes to bee put in the bladder when the stone is drawn out These must have no holes in their sides as those here expressed but only in their ends that all the matter of the wound and the filth gathered and concrete in the bladder may flow and bee carried forth this way When cleer urine shall begin to flow out of the wound there shall bee no more need of a pipe therefore if you continue it and keâ—p it longer in the wound there is som danger least nature accustomed to that way may afterwards neglect to send the water through the Vrethra or urinarie passage Neither must you forget to defend the parts near to the wound with the following repercussive medicine to hinder the defluxion and inflammation which are incident by reason of the pain â„ž album ovorum an iii. pulboli armeni A repercussive medicine sanguinis dracon an â„¥ iii. olei ros â„¥ i. pilorum leporinorum quantum sufficit make a medicine of the consistence of honey CHAP. XLIV How to lay the patient after the stone is taken away ALl things which wee have recited beeing faithfully and diligently performed the patient shall be placed in his bed laying under him as it were a pillow filled with bran or oat chaff to drink up the urine which floweth from him You must have divers of these pillows Remedies for the Cod least it gangrenate that thay may bee changed as need shall require Somtimes after the drawing forth of the stone the blood in great quantity falleth into the Cod which unless you bee careful to provide against with discussing drying and consumeing medicines it is to bee feared that it may gangrenate Wherefore if anie accident happen in cureing these kinde of wounds you must diligently withstand them After som few daies a warm injection shall bee cast into the bladder by the wound consisting of the waters of plantain night shade and roses with a little syrup of dried roses It will help to temper the heat of the bladder caused both by the wound contusion as also by the violent thrusting in of the instruments Also it somtimes happen's that after the drawing forth of the stone clots of blood and other impuritie may fall into the urinarie passage and so stop the urine that it cannot flow forth Therefore you must in like sort put a hollow probe for som dais into the urethra that keeping the passage open all the grosser filth may flow out together with the urine CHAP. XLV How to cure the wound made by the incision What things hasten the union YOu must cure this wound after the manner of other bloodie wounds to wit by agglutination and cicatrization the filth or such things as may hinder beeing taken away by detergent medicines The patient shall hasten the agglutination if hee lie cross-legged keep a slender diet untill the seventh or ninth day bee past Hee must wholly abstain from wine unless it bee verse weak in stead thereof let him use a decoction of barly and licorish or mead or water and suger or boiled water mixed with syrrups of dried roses maidenhair and the like Let his meat bee panado raisons stewed prunes chickens boiled with the cold seeds purslain sorrel borage spinage and the like If hee bee bound in his belly a Physician shall bee called who may help it by appointing either Cassia a glyster or som other kinde of medicines as hee shall think good CHAP. LVI What cure is to bee used to Vlcers when as the urine flow's through them long after the stone is drawn out MAnie after the stone is drawn out cannot have the ulcer consolidated therefore the urine flow's out this way continually by little and little and against the patient's wil dureing the rest of his life unless the Surgeon help it How to make a fresh wound of an old ulcer Therefore the callous lips of the wound must bee amputated so to make a green wound of an old ulcer then must they bee tied up bound with the instrument wee term a Retinaculum or stay this must bee perforated with three holes answering to three other on the other side needles shall bee thrust through these holes taking hold of much flesh shall bee knit about it then glutinative medicines shall bee applied such as are Venice Turpentine gum Elemi sanguis draconis bole armenick and the like after five or six daies the needles shall bee taken out and also the stay taken away For then you shall finde the wound almost glewed and there will nothing remain but onely to cicatrize it The figure of a Retinaculum or stay A. shew's the greater B. the lesser that you may know that you must use divers according to the different bigness of the wound If a Retinaculum or stay bee wanting you may conjoin the lips of the wound What to do in want of a stay after this following manner Put two quills somwhat longer than the wound on each side one and then presently thrust them through with needles haveing thred in them takeing hold of the flesh between as often as need shall require then tying the thred upon them For thus the wound shall bee agglutinated and the fleshie lips of the wound kept from beeing torn which would bee in danger if the needle and thred were onely used CHAP. LVII How to take stones out of women's bladders WE know by the same signs that the stone is in a woman's bladder as wee do in a man's yet it is far more easily searched by a Catheter How to search for the stone in women for that the neck of the bladder is the shorter broader and the more straight Wherefore it may not onely bee found by a Catheter put into the bladder but also by the fingers thrust into the neck of the womb turning them up towards the inner side of the Os pubis and placeing the sick woman in the same posture as wee mentioned in the cure of men Yet you must observ that maids yonger then seven yeers old that are troubled with the stone cannot bee searched by the neck of the womb without great violence Therefore the stone must bee drawn from them by the same means as from boies to wit by thrusting the fingers into the fundament for thus the stone beeing found out and the lower bellie also pressed with the other hand it must bee brought to the neck of the bladder and then drawn forth by the forementioned means Yet if the riper yeers of the patient permit it to bee don without violence the whole work shall bee more easily and happily performed by putting the
contrarie the urine becom's more clear That purulent matter which flow's from the lungs by reason of an Empiema or from the liver or any other bowel placed above the midriff the pus which is cast forth with the urine is both in greater plentie and more exactly mixed with the urine than that which flow's from the kidnies and bladder It neither belong's to our purpose Cure or a Surgeon's office either to undertake or deliver the cure of this affect It shall suffice onely to note that the cure of this symptom is not to bee hoped for so long as the caus remain's And if this blood flow by the opening of a vessel it shall be staied by astringent medicines if broken by agglutinative if corroded or fretted asunder by sarcotick CHAP. LII Of the signs of the ulcerated kidnies I Had not determined to follow or paticularly handle the causes of bloodie urines yet becaus that which is occasioned by the ulcerated reins or bladder more frequently happen's therefore I have thought good briefly to speak thereof in this place The signs of an ulcer of the reins are Why the matter which flow's from the kidnies is less stinking than that which flow's from the bladder pain in the loins matter howsoever mix't with the urine never evacuated by it self but alwaies flowing forth with the urine and resideing in the bottom of the chamber-pot with a sanious and red sediment fleshie and as it were blodie fibres swimming up and down in the urine and smel of the filth is not so great as that which flow's from the ulcerated bladder for that the kidnies seeing they are of a fleshie substance do far better ripen and digest the purulent matter than the bladder which is nervous and bloodless CHAP. LIII Of the signs of the ulcerated Bladder ULcers are in the bottom of the bladder and the neck thereof Differences The signs of an ulcer in the bladder are a deep pain at the share-bones the great stench of the matter flowing there-from white and thin skins swimming up and down in the water But when the ulcer possesseth the neck of the bladder the pain is more gentle neither doth it trouble before the patient come to make water but in the verie making thereof and a little while after But it is common both to the one and the other that the yard is extended in makeing of water to wit by reason of the pain caused by the urine fretting of the ulcerated part in the passage by neither is the matter seen mixed with the urine as is usual in an ulcer of the upper parts because it is poured forth not together with the urine but after it CHAP. LIV. Prognosticks of the ulcerated Reins and Bladder ULcers of the kidnies are more easily and readily healed then those of the bladder Why ulcers of the bladder are cure with more difficultie for fleshie parts more speedily heal and knit then bloodless and nervous parts Ulcers which are in the bottome of the bladder are incureable or certainly most difficult to heal for besides that they are in a bloodless part they are daily vellicated and exasperated by the continual afflux of the contained urine for all the urine is never evacuated now that which remains after makeing water becomes more acrid by the distemper and heat of the part for that the bladder is alwaies gathered about it and dilated and straightned according to the quantity of the contained urine therefore in the Ischuria that is the suppression or difficulty of making water you may sometimes see a quart of water made at once Those which have their legs fall away having an ulcer in their bladder are near their deaths Ulcers arising in these parts unless they be consolidated in a short time remain uncureable CHAP. LV. What cure must be used in the suppression of the Vrine IN curing the suppression of the urine the indication must be taken from the nature of the disease and cause thereof if it be yet present or not But the diversitie of the parts Scopes of cure-ring by which being hurt the Ischuria happens intimates the variety of medicines neither must we presently run to diureticks and things breaking the stone which many Empericks do To what suppression of the urine diureticks must not be used For hence grievous and malign symptoms often arise especially if this suppression proceed from an acrid humor or blood pressed out by a bruise immoderate venerie and also more vehement exercise a hot and acrid potion as of Cantharides by too long abstaining from makeing water by a Phlegmon or ulcer of the urinarie parts For thus the pain and inflammation are increased whence follows a gangrene and at length death Wherefore attempt nothing in this case without the advice of a Physician no not when you must come to Surgerie To which and when to be used For diureticks can scarce have place in another case then when the urinarie passages are obstructed by gravel or a gross and viscid humor or else in some cold countrie or in the application of Narcoticks to the loins although we must not here use these before we have first made use of general medicines now diureticks may be administred sundrie waies as hereafter shall appear â„ž agrimon urtic. parietar surculos rubros habentis an m i. rad asparag mundat â„¥ iiii gran alkekengi â—n â—x sem malvae â„¥ ss rad acor â„¥ i. bulliant omnia simul in sex libris aquae dulcis ad tertias deinde coletur Let the patient take â„¥ iiii hereof with â„¥ i. of sugar candie and drink it warm fasting in a morning three hours before meat Thirty or forty lvie-berries beaten in white wine and given the patient to drink some two hours before meat are good for the same purpose Also Ê’i of nettle-seeds made into fine powder and drunk in chicken-broth is good for the same purpose A decoction also of grummel Goats-saxifrage pellitory of the wall white saxifrage the roots of parslie asparagus acorus bruscus and ortis drunk in the quantity of some three or four ounces is profitable also for the same purpose Yet this following water is commended above the rest to provoke urine and open the passages thereof from what cause soever the stopping thereof proceeds A diuretick water â„ž rad osmund regal cyp bismal gram petrosel foenic. an â„¥ ii raph crassior in taleol â„¥ iiii macerentur per noctem in aceto albâ— aceâ—â—imoâ— bulliant postea in aquae fluvialis lb. x saxifrag crist marin rub tinct millii solis summitat malvae bismal an p. ii berul cicer rub an p. i. sem melon citrul an â„¥ ii ss alkekengi gra xx glycerhiz â„¥ i. bulliant omâ—ia simul ad tertias in colaterâ infunde per noctem fol. ser oriental lb. ss fiat iterum parva ebullitio-in expressione colatâ infunde cinam elect Ê’ vi colentur iterum colatura injiciatur in alembicum vitreâ—â— postea tereb venet
juniperi coâ—quassat an â„¥ i. pulveris nuc moschat ziuzib caryophil piper an Ê’ i. de eâ— qued stillabat fiat unguentum vel linimentum cum cerà terebinth veneta pauca aq vitae addita this marvellously asswageth the pain of the Gout ariseing from a cold cause Another â„ž gummi pini laudani an â„¥ iv gummi â—lâ—mi picis naval an â„¥ ss terebinth venet claraeÊ’ vi chamaem liliorum an â„¥ vi vini rub lb. i ss aq vit salv an Ê’ vi dissolvantur omnia simul lento igne baculo semper agitando deinde adde pul ireos flor baccarum lauri et hermodactyl an â„¥ ii ss mastiches myrrhae et olibani an â„¥ ii farinae fabar â„¥ iv incorporentur omnia simul fiat unguentum molle Or else â„ž mucilag seminis faenugr in aceto extract quantum volueris cui misce mellis quantum sufficit let them be boiled together untill they acquire the consistence of an ointment Discussing fomentations These things shall be changed as often as need shall seem to require Also an anodine and discussing fomentations are good to resolve as this â„ž fol. rutae salv rorismar an m i. bulliant cum aceto vino and so make a decoction for a fomentation which you may use not only in a cold Gout but also in a hot because it resolveth and strengtheneth the part by astriction and freeth it from the defluxion you must have a care that the medicines which are used to pains of the Gout be changed now and then For in this kinde of disease that remedy which did good a little before Remedies must be often changed in the gout and now availeth will in a shott time become hurtful But if the contumacy and excess of the pain be so great that it will not yield to the described medicines then it is fit because the disease is extreme A great discusser to use according to Hippâ—crates counsel extreme such as are those which follow â„ž axungie gallinae olei laurini mastic cuphorb an â„¥ i. pulv â—â—phorb pyreth an Ê’ i. fiat litus herewith let the part be rubbed every day for it is a very effectual medicine For euphorbium and Pellitory by their heat attenuate and resolve the â—apons grease and oil of baies relax the oil of mastich strengtheneth the part and hindreth a new defluxion Also there is made a very anodine ointment of oil of Foxes wherein earth-worms An Anodine the roots of elecampane and bryony have been boiled with a little turpentine and wax this softens attenuates and resolves the cold humor impact in the joints Or else â„ž seminis siâ—â—pi pulviâ—â—rati aceto acerrimo dissoluti â„¥ iii. mellis anacardani â„¥ ii aqua vitae â„¥ i. salis com Ê’ ii let them be all mixed together and applyed to the pained part Or â„ž picis nigrae â„¥ iii. terebinth venetae â„¥ i. sulphuris vivi subtiliter pulverisati â„¥ iii. olei quantum sufficit liquefiant simul fiat emplastrum let it be spread upon leather and laid upon the part for two or three daies space if the patient perceive any ease thereby if otherwise let it be changed as we said before Some for the same purpose apply nettles thereto and presently after wash the part in the sea or salt-salt-water A vesicatory against the contumacie of the conjunct matter Others foment the part with vinegar wherein pigeons hath been boiled A vesicatory made of very sower leaven cantharides and a little aqua vitae is very powerful to evacuate the conjunct matter For thus the malign and virulent serum or whayish humor is let out whence follows some ease of the pain Now there are some goutie pains which cannot be lessened or asswaged unless by remedies more powerful then the distemper therefore vesicatories ought not to be rejected seeing that the Ancients in this affect have also made use of actual cauteries as we shall shew hereafter Chrâ—stâ—pher Andreas in his book termed Oecâ—itarie that is domestick physick much commends Ox-dung wrapped in cabbage or vine-leavs and roasted in the embers and so applyed hot to the grieved part CHAP. XVI Of local medicines to be applyed to hot or sanguin Gout HEre must we in the beginning make use of repercussives such as are cold and dry What repercussives are here required that they may contend with the morbifick matter by both their qualities also let them be astrictive so to add strength to the part But I would have you alwaies to understand that you must first premise general medicines â„ž albuminum ovorum nu iv succi lactucae solani an â„¥ i. aq rosar â„¥ ii incorporentur simul fiat linimentum saepius renovandum Others take the meal of barly lentils acatia oil of roses myrtles and with a little vinegar they make a cataplasm Or â„ž sumaâ—h myrtillorum boli arm an Ê’ ss acatiae corticum granat baulast an Ê’ i. aq plantag rosar an â„¥ iii. olâ— rosati â„¥ i ss aceti â„¥ ii farâ—nae hordei lentium quantum satis erit fiat cataplasma This is very excellent and effectual to stay or hinder phlegmonous and erisipelatous tumors Also you may make a cataplasm ex mucagine Cydoniorum in aquâ rosarum extractà cassia fistula oleo rosato aceto Or â„ž pampinorum vitis viridum m. ii terantur bulliant in oxycrato ex aquâ fabrorum cuiÌ„ adde sumach câ—â—quassat â„¥ i. olei rosat â„¥ ii farinae hordei quantum sufficit fiat cataplasma Or else An excellent astringent cataplasm â„ž succi sempervivi hyoscyami portulacae an â„¥ iv corticum mali granati â„¥ i ss farinae hordie â„¥ v. vini austeri quantum suffâ—â—iâ— fiat cataplasma this is much commended for it hath entring thereinto wine and the pomgranate pill which both are very great astrictives and the juices are exceeding cooling the meal also hinders and thickens the sanguin humors that are ready to flow down and make the medicine of a good consistence Another â„ž fol. hyoscyami acetosae an m. i. involvantur papyro sub cineribus câ—quantur mox cum unguento populeon an t rosat â„¥ ii incorporentur and then lay this Cataplaâ—m thus made warm unto the part Another â„ž florum hyoscyami lb. ii ponantur in phialâ vitâ—eatà recende in fimo equino donec putruerint accipe ex putredine â„¥ ii in quibus dissolve olei de junipere â„¥ ss fiat linimentum ad usum Others beat pulp of a Gourd or Citrul in a mortar and so apply it Another â„ž mucilag sem psilii cydon extract in aq rosar solani an â„¥ iiii olei rosati â—â—phacini â„¥ iii. vini granat â„¥ i. vitellâ—s ovor cum albumine nu iii. camphoraeÊ’ i. encorporentur simul siat linimentum Or else â„ž ol rosat omphacini â„¥ iv album ovorum cum vitellis nu vi succi plantag et solani an â„¥ i. farinae hordei â„¥ iii.
vitae It may be anointed twice or thâ—iâ—e in a day long after meat Moreover the roots and leaves of Dane-wort boiled in water beaten and applyed asswage pain the oil thereof chimicaly extracted performs the same When to use narcoticks But if the contumacious pain cannot be mitigated by the described remedies and becoming intollerably hot and rageing make the patient almost to swonn then must we flie to Narcoticks For although the temper of the part may be weakned by these the native heat diminished or rather extinguished yet this is a far less inconvenience then to let the whole body be wasted by pain These things have a powerful refrigerateing and drying faculty takeing away the sense of the pain and furthermore incrassate thin acrid and biteing humors such as cholerick humors are Wherefore if the matter which causeth the pain be thick we must abstain from Narcoticks A cataplasm with opium or certainly use them with great caution â„ž micae panis secalins parum cocti in lacte â„¥ ii vitellos ovorum nu ii opii Ê’i succorum sâ—lani hyoscyami mandragorae portulacae sempervivi an Ê’i let them be mixed together and applied and often changed Or else â„ž fol. hyoscyami cicutae aâ—nes an m. i. bulliant in exycrato contundantur cumque vitellis ovorum crudorum nu ii olei rosat â„¥ ii farin hordei quod satis fit incorporentur fiat cataplasma with the use thereof I am accustomed to asswage great pains Or else â„ž opiiÊ’iii camphor Ê’ ss olei nenuph. â„¥ i. lactis â„¥ ii unguent ros Galeni â„¥ iv incorporentur simul in mortario applicentur Moreover cold water applyed and dropped upon the part drop by drop is narcotick and stupefactive as Hippocrates affirmeth Aphor. 29. Sect. 5. for a moderate numness mitigateth pain There is also another reason why it may be profitably used in all pains of the Gout for that by repelling the humors it hindereth their defluxion into the part Mandrag-apples boiled in milk and beaten do the same thing also the leaves of henbane hemlock lettuce purslain being so boiled do the same If any desire to use these more cold he must apply them crude and not boiled But the excess of pain being mitigated we must desist from the use of such narcoticks and they must rather be strengthened with hot and digerating things otherwise there will be danger lest it be too much weakned the temper thereof being destroied and so afterwards it may be subject to every kinde of defluxion How to amend the harm done by Narcoticks Discussers Wherefore it shall be strengthened with the formerly discussing fomentations and these ensuing remedies As â„ž gum ammoniaci bdelii an â„¥ i. dissolvantur in aceto passentur per setacium addendo styracis liquid farin foenugr an â„¥ ss pulv ireos â„¥ iiii olei chamem â„¥ ii pulveris pyrethriÊ’ ii cum cera fiat emplastrum molle Or else â„ž rad emulae ebuli altheae an lb. ss sem lini foenugr an Ê’ii ficuum ping nu xx coquantur completè trajiciantur per setaceum addendo pul euphorb Ê’ii olei chamem aneth rutacei A mean to be used in discussing an â„¥ iii. medullae cervi â„¥ iv fiat cà taplasma Yet you must use moderation in discussing least the subtler part of the impact humor being discussed the grosser part may turn into a stonie consistence which also is to be feared in using repercussives I also omitted that according to the opinion of the Antients bathes of fresh-water Barhs asswage the pain of the Gout wherein cooling herbs have been boiled used three hours after meat conduce much to the asswageing of pain for so used they are more convenient in cholerick natures and spare bodies for that they humect the more and quickly digest the thin and cholerick and consequently acrid vapors the pores being opened and the humors dissipated by the gentle warmness of the bath After the bath the body must be anointed with hydrelium or oil and water tempered together least the native heat exhale and the body become more weak Meats of more gross juice are more convenient How meats of gross juice are profitable as beef sheeps-feet and the like if so be that the patient can digest them for these inspissate the cholerick blood and make it more unfit for defluxion CHAP. XVIII What remedies must be used in pains of the joints proceeding of a distemper only without matter PAins also happen in the joints by distemper without any matter which though rare An history yet because I happened once to feel them I have thought good to shew what remedies I used against them I once earnestly busied in study and therefore not sensible of such external injuries as might befall me a little winde coming secretly in by the â—rannies of my study fell upon my left Hip at length wearied with study assoon as I rose up to go my way I could not stand upon my feet I felt such bitter pain without any swelling or humor which might be discerned Hip. ap 10. sect Divers remedies for pain ariseing from a cold distemper without matter Therefore I was forced to go to bed and calling to minde that cold which was absolutely hurtful to the nerves had bred me that pain I attempted to drive it away by the frequent application of very hot clothes which though they scorched and blistered the sound parts adjoining thereto yet did they scarce make any impression upon the part where the pain was setled the distemper was so great and so firmly fixed therein And I laied thereto bags filled with fried oats and millet and dipped in hot red wine as also ox bladders half filled with a decoction of hot herbs And lastly a wooden dish almost filled with hot ashes covered over with sage rosmarie and rue lightly bruised and so covered with a cloth which sprinkled over with aqua vitae sent forth a vapor which asswaged the pain Also brown bread newly drawn out of the oven and sprinkled over with rose-water and applied did very much good And that I might more fully expel this hurtful cold I put stone-bottles filled with hot water to the soals of my feet that the brain might be heated by the straightness and continuity of the nerves At length by the help of these remedies I was very well freed from this contumacious distemper when it had held me for the space of four and twenty hours There is another kinde of Gouty pain sometimes caused by a certain excrementitious matter A fuliginous vapour sometimes the cause of the Gout but so thin and subtle that it cannot be discerned by the eies It is a certain fuliginous or sooty vapor like to that which passeth from burning candles or lamps which adheres and concretes to any thing that is opposed thereto which being infected by the mixture of a virulent serous humor whithersoever it runneth causeth extreme pain
languisheth and becommeth dull By this we have delivered it may be perceived that the running of virulent strangury is not the running of a seminal humor fit for generation of issue but rather of a viscous and acrid filth which hath acquired a venenate malignity by the corruption of the whole substance CHAP. XVII Of the causes and differences of the scalding or sharpness of the urine The cause of a particular repletition of the privy parts THe heat or scalding of the water which is one kinde of the virulent strangury ariseth from some one of these three causes to wit repletition inanition and contagion That which proceeds from repletion proceeds either from too great abundance of blood or by a painful and tedious journy in the hot sun or by feeding upon hot acrid diuretick and flatulent meats causing tension and heat in the urinary parts whence proceeds the inflamation of them and the genital parts whence it happens that not only a seminal but also much other moisture may flow unto those parts but principally to the prostata which are glandules situate at the roots or beginning of the neck of the bladder in which place the spermatick vessels end also abstinence from venery causeth this plentitude in some who have usually had to do with women especially the expulsive faculty of the seminal and urinary parts being weak so that they are not of themselves able to free themselves from this burden For then the suppressed matter is corrupted and by its acrimony contracted by an adventitious and putredinous heat it causeth heat and pain in the passage forth The prostata swelling with such inflamed matter in process oftime become ulcerated the abscess being broken The purulent sanies dropping and flowing hence alongst the urinary passage causes the ulcers by acrimony which the urine falling upon exasperates whence sharp pain which also continueth for some short time after making of water and together therewith by reason of the inflamation the pains attraction and the vaporous spirits distension the yard stands and is contracted with pain as we noted in the former Chapter But that which happens through inanition The causes of the inanition of the genital parts is acquired by the moderate and unfit use of venery for hereby the oily and radical moisture of the fore-mentioned glandules is exhausted which wasted and spent the urine cannot but be troublesome and sharp by the way to the whole Vrethra From which sense of sharpe pain the scalding of the urine hath its denomination That which comes by contagion is caused by impure copulation with an unclean person or with a woman which some short while before hath received the tainted seed of a virulent person or else hath the whites or her privities troubled with hidden and secret ulcers or carrieth a virulent spirit shut up or hidden there which heated and resuscitated by copulation presently infects the whole body with the like contagion no otherwise then the sting of a Scorpion or Phalangium by casting a little poison into the skin presently infects the whole body the force of the poison spreading further then one would believe so that the party falls down dead in a short while after Thus therefore the seminal humor contained in the prostatae is corrupted by the tainture of the ill The reason of a contagious Strangury drawn thence by the yard and the contagion infects the part it self whence follows an abscess which â—asting forth the virulency by the urinary passage causeth a virulent strangury and the malign vapor carried up with some portion of the humor unto the entrials and principal parts cause the Lues Venerea CHAP. XVIII Prognosticks in a virulent Strangury WEe ought not to be negligent or careless in cureing this affect for of it proceed pernicious accidents as we have formerly told you and neglected A virulent Strangury continues with some during their lives it becoms uncurable so that some have it run out of their urinary passage during their lives oftimes to their former misery is added a suppression of the urine the prostatae and neck of the bladder being inflamed and unmeasurably swelled Copulation and the use of acrid or flatulent meats increase this inflamation and also together therewith cause an Ischuria or stoppage of the urine they are worse at the change of the Moon certain death follows upon such a stoppage An History as I observed in a certain man who troubled for ten years space with a virulent strangury at length died by the stoppage of his water He used to be taken with a stopping of his urine as often as he used any violent exercise and then he helped himself by putting up a silver Catheter which for that purpose he still carried about him it happened on a certain time that he could not thrust it up into his bladder wherefore he sent for me that I might help him to make water for which purpose when I had used all my skill it proved in vain when he was dead and his body opened his bladder was found full and very much distended with urine but the prostatae preternaturally swelled ulcerated and full of matter resembling that which formerly used to run out of his yard From what part the matter of a virulent strangury flows whereby you may gather that this virulency flows from the prostatae which runs forth of the yard in a virulent strangury and not from the reins as many have imagined Certainly a virulent strangury if it be of any long continuance is to be judged a certain particular Lues Venerea so that it cannot be cured unless by frictions with Hydragyrum But the ulcers which possess the neck of the bladder are easily discerned from these which are in the body or capacity thereof For in the latter the filth comes away as the patient makes water and is found mixed with the urine with certain strings or membranous bodies coming forth in the urine to these may be added the far greater stench of this filth which issueth out of the capacity of the bladder Now must we treat of the cure of both these diseases that is the Gonorrhoea and virulent Strangury but first of the former CHAP. XIX The chief heads of curing a Gonorrhoea LEt a Physician be called who may give direction for purging bleeding and diet if the affect proceed from a fulness and abundance of blood and seminal matter Diet. all things shall be shunned which breed more blood in the body which increase seed and stir to venery Wherefore he must abstain from wine unless it be weak and astringent and he must not onely eschew familiarity with women but their very pictures and all things which may call them to his remembrance especially if he love them dearly strong exercises do good For a Strangury occasioned by repletion as the carrying of heavy burdens even until they sweat swimming in cold water little sleep refrigerations of the loins and genital
decoction of the lesser hous-leek and sebestens given with sugar before meat it is no less affectual to put wormseeds in their pap and in rosted apples and so to give them it Also you may make suppositories after this manner Supposâ—ory against the Ascarides and put them up into the fundament â„ž coralli subalbi rasurae eboris cornu cervi usti ireos an ℈ ii mellis albi â„¥ ii ss aquae centinodiae q. s ad omnia concorporanda fiant Glandes let one be put up every day of the weight of Ê’ii for children these suppositories are chiefly to be used for Ascarides as those which adhere to the right gut To such children as can take nothing by the mouth you shall apply cataplasms to their navels made of the powder of cummin-seeds the flower of Iupines wormwood southern-wood tansie the leaves of artichokes Rue the powder of coloquintida citron-seeds aloes ars-smart hors-mint peach-leaves Costus amarus Zedoaria sope and ox-gall Such cataplasms are oftimes spread over all the belly mixing therewith astringent things for the strengthening of the part as oil of myrtils Quinces and mastich you may also apply a great onion hollowed in the midst and filled with aloes and treacle and so rosted in the Embers then beaten with bitter almonds and an ox-gall Also you may make emplasters of bitter things as this which follows â„ž fellis bubuli succi absinth an â„¥ ii colocyn â„¥ i. terantur misceantur simul incorporentur cum farinâ lupinorum make hereof an emplaster to be laid upon the Navel Liniments and ointments may be also made for the same purpose to annoint the belly A plaster against the worms you may also make plasters for the navel of pillulae Ruf. annointing in the mean time the fundament with hony and sugar that they may be chased from above with bitter things and allured downwards with sweet things Or else take worms that have been cast forth dry them in an iron-pan over the fire then powder them and give them with wine or some other liquor to be drunk for so they are thought quickly to kill the rest of the worms Hereto also conduceth the juice of citrons drunk with the oil of bitter almonds or sallet-oil Also some make bathes against this affect of worm-wood galls peach-leavs boiled in water and then bathe the childe therein But in cureing the worms you must observe that this disease is oftimes entangled with another more grievous disease as an acute and burning fever a flux or scouring and the like in which as for example sake a fever being present and conjoined therewith if you shall give worm-seeds old Treacle myrrh aloes you shall increase the fever and flux for that bitter things are very contrary to these affects But if on the contrary in a flux whereby the worms are excluded you shall give corral and the flower of Lentils you shall augment the fever makeing the matter more contumacious by dry and astringent things Therefore the Physician shall be careful in considering whether the fever be a symptom of the worms or on the contrary it be essential A fever sometimes a symptom and sometimes a disease and not symptomatick that this being known he may principally insist in the use of such medicines as resist both affects as purgeing and bitterish in a fever and worms but bitter and somewhat astrictive things in the worms and flux CHAP. VI. A short description of the Elephantiasis or Leprosie and of the causes thereof THis disease is termed Elephantiasis because the skin of such as are troubled therewith is rough scabious wrinkled and unequal like the skin of an Elephant Yet this name may seem to be imposed thereon by reason of the greatness of the disease Some from the opinion of the Arabians have termed it Lepra or Leprosie but unproperly for the Lepra is a kinde of scab and disease of the skin which is vulgarly called Malum sancti manis which word for the present we will use as that which prevails by custome and antiquity Lib. 4. cap. 1. Lib. 2. cap. 11. Now the Leprosie according to Paulus is a Cancer of the whole body the which as Avicen adds corrupts the complexion form and figure of the members Galen thinks the cause ariseth from the error of the sanguifying faculty through whose default the assimulation in the flesh and habit of the body is depraved and much changed from it self and the rule of nature But ad Glauconem he defines this disease An effusion of troubled or gross blood into the veins and habit of the whole body This disease is judged great for that it partakes of a certain venenate virulency depraveing the members and comeliness of the whole body Now it appears There is a certain hidden virulency in the Leprosie that the Leprosie partakes of a certain venenate virulency by this that such as are melancholick in the whole habit of their bodies are not leprous Now this disease is composed of three differences of diseases First it consists of a distemper against nature as that which at the beginning is hot and dry and at length the ebullition of the humors ceasing and the heat dispersed it becomes cold and dry which is the conjunct cause of this symptom Also it consists of an evill composition or conformation for that it depraves the figure and beauty of the parts Also it consists of a solution of continuity when as the flesh and skin are cleft in divers parts with ulcers and chops The Leprosie hath for the most part three general causes that is the primitive antecedent and conjunctive The primitive cause of a Leprosie How they may be leprous from their first conformation The primitive cause is either from the first conformation or comes to them after they are born It is thought to be is him from the first conformation who was conceived of depraved and menstruous blood and such as inclined to melancholie who was begot of the leprous seed of one or both his parents for leprous persons generate leprous because the principal parts being tainted and corrupted with a melancholick and venenate juice it must necessarily follow that the whole mass of blood and seed that falls from it and the whole body should also be vitiated This cause happens to those that are already born by long staying and inhabiting in maritime countries whereas the gross and misty air in success of time induceth the like fault into the humors of the body for that acccording to Hippocrates such as the air is such is the spirit and such the homors Also long abideing in very hot places because the blood is torrified by heat but in cold places for that they incrassate and congealing the spirits do after a manner stupifie may be thought the primitive causes of this disease Thus in some places of Germany there are divers leprous persons but they are more frequent in Spain and over all Africa then in all the
obstructed by the thickness of this humor but they are depressed and flatted by reason of the rest of the face and all the neighboring parts swoln more then their wont add hereto that the partition is consumed by the acrimony of the corroding and ulcerating humor The seventh is the lifting up thickness and swelling of the lips the filthiness stench and corrosion of the gums by acrid vapors riseing to the mouth but the lips of leprous persons are more swoln by the internal heat burning and incrassating the humors as the outward heat of the Sun doth in the Moors The eighth sign is the swelling and blackness of the tongue and as it were varicous veins lying under it because the tongue being by nature spongeous and rare is easily stored with excrementitious humors sent from the inner parts unto the habit of the body which same is the cause why the glandules placed about the tongue above and below are swoln hard and round no otherwise then scrophulous or meazled swine Lastly all their face riseth in red bunches or pushes and is over-spread with a dusky and obscure redness the eies are fiery fierce and fixed by a melancholick chachectick disposition of the whole body manifest signs whereof appear in the face by reason of the fore-mentioned causes yet some leprous persons have their faces tinctured with a yellowish others with a whitish color according to the condition of the humor which serves for a basis to the leprous malignity For hence Physicians affirm that there are three sorts of Leprosies one of a reddish black colour consisting in a melancholick humor another of a yellowish green in a cholerick humor another in a whitish yellow grounded upon adust phlegm The ninth sign is a stinking of the breath as also of all the excrement s proceeding from leprous bodies by reason of the malignity conceived in the humors The tenth is a horsness a shaking harsh and obscure voice as it were comming out of the nose by reason of the lungs recurrent nerves and muscles of the throttle tainted with the grosness of a virulent and adust humor the forementioned constriction and obstruction of the inner passage of the nose and lastly the asperity and inequality of the Weazon by immoderate driness as it happens to such as have drunk plentifully of strong wines without any mixture This immoderate driness of the muscles serving for respiration makes them to be troubled with a difficulty of breathing The eleventh sign is very observable which is a morphew or defedation of all the skin with a dry roughness and grainy inequality such as appears in the skins of plucked geese with many tetters on every side a filthy scab and ulcers not casting off only a bran-like scurf but also scales and crusts The cause of this dry scab is the heat of the burning bowels and humors unequally contracting and wrinkling the skin no otherwise then as leather is wrinkled by the heat of the sun or fire The cause of the filthy scab and serpiginous ulcers is the eating and corroding condition of the melancholick humor and the venenate corruption it also being the author of corruption so that it may be no marvel if the digestive faculty of the liver being spoiled the assimilative of a malign and unfit matter sent into the habit of the body cannot well nor fitly perform that which may be for the bodies good The twelfth is the sense of a certain pricking as it were of Goads or needles over all the skin caused by an acrid vapor hindred from passing forth and intercepted by the thickness of the skin The thirteenth is a consumption and emaciation of the muscles which are between the thumb and fore-finger not only by reason that the nourishing and assimilating faculties want fit matter wherewith they may repair the loss of these parts for that is common to these with the rest of the body but because these muscles naturally rise up unto a certain mountainous tumor therefore their depression is the more manifest And this is the cause that the shoulders of leprous persons stand out like wings to wit the emaciation of the inward part of the muscle Trapozites The fourteenth sign is the diminution of sense or a numness over all the body by reason that the nerves are obstructed by the thickness of the melancholick humor hindring the free passage of the animal spirit that it cannot come to the parts that should receive sense these in the interim remaining free which are sent into the muscles for motions sake and by this note I chiefly make trial of leprous persons thrusting a somewhat long and thick needle some-what deep into the great tendon endued with most exquisite sense which runs to the heel which if they do not well feel I conclude that they are certainly leprous Now for that they thus lose their sense their motion remaining entire the cause hereof is that the nerves which are disseminated to the skin are more affected and those that run into the muscles are not so much and therefore when as you prick them somewhat deep they feel the prick which they do nor in the surface of the skin The fifteenth is the corruption of the extreme parts possessed by putrefaction and a gangrene by reason of the corruption of the humors sent thither by the strength of the bowels infecting with the like tainture the parts wherein they remain add hereto that the animal sensitive faculty is there decaied and as often as any faculty hath forsaken any part the rest presently after a manner neglect it The sixteenth is they are troubled with terrible dreams for they seem in their sleep to see divels serpents dungeons graves dead bodies and the like by reas n of the black vapors of the melancholick humor troubling the phantasie with black and dismal visions by which reason also such as are bitten of a mad dog fear the water The seventeenth is that at the beginning and increase of the disease they are subtill crafty and furious by reason of the heat of the humors and blood but at length in the state and declension by reason of the heat of the humors and blood and entrails decaying by little and little therefore then fearing all things whereof there is no cause and distrusting of their own strength they endeavor by craft maliciously to circumvent those with whom they deal for that they perceive their powers to fail them The eighteenth is a desire of venery above their nature both for that they are inwardly burned with a strange heat as also by the mixture of slatulencies therewith for whose generation the melancholick humor is most fit which are agitated and violently carried through the veins and genital parts by the preternatural heat but at length when this heat is cooled and that they are fallen into an hot and dry distemper they mightily abhor venery which then would be very hurtful to them as it also is at the beginning of the disease because
garlick have not their heads troubled Garlick good against the Plague nor their inward parts inflamed as Country-People and such as are used to it to such there can be no more certain preservative and Antidote against the pestiferous fogs or mists and the nocturnal obscurity then to take it in the morning with a draught of good wine for it being abundantly diffused presently over all the body fills up the passages thereof and strengthneth it in a moment For water if the Plague proceed from the tainture of the Air we must wholly shun and avoid Rain-water What water to be made choice of in the plague-time because it cannot but be infected by the contagion of the Air. Wherefore the water of Springs and of the deepest Wells are thought best But if the malignity proceed from the vapors contained in the Earth you must make choice of Rain-water Yet it is more safe to digest every sort of water by boyling it and to prefer that water before other which is pure and clear to the sight and without either taste or smell and which besides suddenly takes the extremest mutation of heat and cold CHAP. VII Of the Cordial Remedies by which we may preserve our Bodies in fear of the Plague and cure those already infected therewith SUch as cannot eat without much labour exercise and hunger and who are no lovers of Break-fasts having evacuated their excrements before they go from home must strengthen the heart with some Antidote against the virulency of the infection Amongst which Aqua Theriacalis Aqua Theriacalis good against the Plague both inwardly taken and outwardly applied or Treacle-water two ounces with the like quantity of Sack is much commended being drunk and rubbing the Nostrils Mouth and Ears with the same for the Treacle-water strengthens the heart expells poyson and is not only good for a preservative but also to cure the disease it self For by sweat it drives forth the poyson contained within It should be made in June at which time all simple medicines by the vital heat of the Sun ate in their greatest efficacy The composition thereof The composition whereof is thus Take the roots of Gentian Ciperus Tormentil Diptam or Fraxella Elecampane of each one ounce the leaves of Mullet Carduus Benedictus Divels-bit Burnet Scabious Sheeps-sorrel of each half a handful of the tops of Rue a little quantity of Mittle-berries one ounce of red Rose-leaves the flowers of Bugloss Borage and S. Johns wott of each one ounce let them be all cleansed dried and maceâ—ated for the space of twenty-four hours in one pound of white wine or Malmsie and of Rose-water or Sorrel-water then let them be put in a vessel of glass and add thereto of Treacle and Mithridate of each four ounces then distill them in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water be received in a Glass-Viol and let there be added thereto of Saffron two drams of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata yellow Sanders shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn of each half an ounce then let the glass be well stopped and set in the Sun for the space of eight or ten dayes Let the prescribed quantity be taken every morning so oft as shall be needful It may be given without hurt to sucking children and to Women great with childe But that it may be the more pleasant it must be strained through an Hippocras-bag adding thereto some sugar and cinnamon Some think themselves sufficiently defended with a root of Elecampane Zedoary or Angelica rowled in their mouth or chawed between their teeth Others drink every morning one dram of the root of Gentian bruised being macerated for the space of one night in two ounces of white wine Others take Worm-wood-wine Others sup in a rare egg one dram of Terra Sigillata or of Harts-horn with a little Saffron and drink two ounces of wine after it There be some that do infuse Bole-Armenick the roots of Gentian Tormentil Diptam the berries af Juniper Cloves Mace Cinnamon Saffron and such like in aqua vitae and strong white wine and so distill it in Balneo Mariae This Cordial water that followeth is of great vertue A cordial water Take of the roots of the long and round Aristolechia Tormentil Diptam of each three drams of Zedoary two drams Lignum Aloes yellow Sanders of each one dram of the leaves of Scordium St. Johns-wort Sorrel Rue Sage of each half an ounce of Bay and Juniper-berries of each three drams Citron-feeds one Dram Cloves Macc Nutmegs of each two drams of Mastich Olibanum Bole-Armenick Terra Sitillata shavings of Harts horn and Ivory of each one ounce of Saffron one scruple of the Conserves of Roses Bugloss-flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Champhire half a dram of aqua vitae half a pinte of white wine two pints and a half make thereof a dissillation in Balneo Mariae The use of this distilled water is even as Treacle water is The Eâ—ectuary following is very effectual Take of the best Treacle three ounces A Cordial Electuary Juniper-berries and Carduus-seeds of each one dram and a half of Bole-Armenick prepared half an ounce of the powder of the Electuary de Gemmis and Diamargariton frigidum the powder of Harts-horn and red Coral of each one dram mix them with the syrup of the rindes and juice of Pome-Citrons as much as shall suffice and make thereof a liquid Electuary in the form of an Opiate let them take every morning the quantity of a Filberd drinking after it two drams of the water of Scabious Cherries Carduus Benedictus and of some such like cordial thing or of strong wine The following Opiate is also very profitable which also may be made into tablets An Opiate Take of the roots of Angelica Gentian Zedoary Elecampane of two drams of Citron and Sorrel-seeds of each half a dram of the dried rindes of Citrons Cinnamon Bay and Juniper-berties and Saffron of each one scruple of conserve of Roses and Bugloss of each one ounce and fine hard Sugar as much as is sufficient make thereof Tablets of the weight of half a dram let him take one of them two hours before meat or make thereof a Opiate with equal parts of conserves of Bugloss and Mel Anthosatum and so adding all the rest drie and in powder Another Or take of the roots of Valerian Tormentil Diptam of the leaves of Rue of each half an ounce of saffron Mace Nutmegs of each half a dram of Bole-Armenick prepared halfe an ounce of conserve of Roses and syrup of Lemmons as much as will be sufficient to make thereof an Opiate liquid enough Another Or take of the roots of both the Aristolochiaes of Gentian Tormentil Diptam of each one dram and a half of Ginger three drams of the leaves of Rue Sage Mints and Penny-royal of each two drams of Bay and Juniper-berries Citron-seeds of each four scruples of Mace Nutmegs Cloves Cinnamon of
each two drams of Lignum aloes and yellow Sanders of each one dram of Male-Frankincense i. Olibanum Mastich shavings of Harts-Horn and Ivory of each two scruples of Saffron half a dram of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata red Coral Pearl of each one dram of conserves of Roses Bugloss-flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Loaf-sugar one pound and a quarter a little before the end of the making it up add two drams of Confectio Alkermes and of Camphire dissolved in Rose water one scruple make thereof an Opiare according to Art the dose thereof is from half a dram to half a scruple Treacle and Mithridate faithfully compounded excell all Cordial medicines adding for every half ounce of them one ounce and an half of Conserves of Roses or of Bugloss or of Violets and three drams of Bole-Armenick prepared Of these being mixt with stirring and incorporated together make a conserve it must be taken in the morning the quantity of a Filberd You must â—huse that treacle that is not less then fower years old nor above twelve that which is somewhat â—ew is judged to be most meet for cholerick persons but that which is old for flegmatick and old men For at the beginning the strength of the Opium that enters into the composition thereof remains in its full vertue for a year but afterwards the more years old it waxeth the strength thereof is more abolished so that at length the whole composition becometh very hot The confection of Alkermes is very effectual both for a preservative against this disease and also for the cure The quantity of a Filberd of Rubard with one Clove chawed or rowled in the mouth is supposed to repell the coming of the pestilent Air as also this composition following A Confection to be taken in the morning against the pestilent Air. Take of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram of conserve of Roses and of the roots of Bugloss of each three drams of Citron-seeds half an ounce of Annise-seeds and Fennel-seeds of each one dram of Angelica-Roots four scruples sugar of Roses as much as sufficeth Make a confection and cover it with leaves of Gold to take a little of it upon a spoon before you to abroad every morning Or take of Pine-apple-kernels and Fistick-nuts A March-pans infused for the space of six hours in the water of Scabions and Roses of each two ounces of Almonds blanched in the fore-named waters half a pound of preserved Citron and Orange pills of each one dram and an half of Angelica-roots four scruples make them according to art unto the form of March-pane or of any other such like confection and hold a little piece thereof often in your mouth The Tablets following are most effectual in such a case Take of the roots of Diptam Tormentil Valerian Elecampane Eringoes of each half a dram of Bole-Armenck Terra Sigillata of each one scruple of Camphire Cinnamon Sorrel-Seeds and Zedoary of each one scruple of the species of the electuary Diamargariton frigidum two scruples of conserve of Roses Bugloss preserved-Citton-pills Mithridate Treacle of each one dram of fine Sugar dissolved in Scabions and Carduus-water as much as shall suffice Make thereof Tablets of the weight of a dram or half a dram take them in the morning before you eat Pills of Ruffus The pills of Ruffus are accounted most effectual preservatives so that Ruffus himself saith that he never knew any to be infected that used them the composition of them is thus Take of the best Aloes half a dram of Gum-Ammoniacum two drams of Myrrh two drams and an half of Mastich two drams of Saffron seven grains put them all together and incorporate them with the juice of Citrons or the syrup of Limons and make thereof a mass and let it be kept in leather Let the patient take the weight of half a dram every morning two or three hours before meat and let him drink the water of Sorrel after it which through its tartness and the thinness of its parts doth infringe the force and power of the malignity or putrefaction For experience hath taught us that Sorrel being eaten or chawed in the mouth doth make the pricking of Scorpions unhurtful And for those ingredients which do enter into the composition of those pills Aloes doth clense and purge Myrrh resists putrefaction Mastich strengthens Saffron exhilerates and makes lively the spirits that govern the body especially the vital and animal Other pills Those pils that follow are also much approved Take of Aloes one ounce of Myrrh half an ounce of Saffron one scruple of Agarick in Trochisces two drams of Rubarb in powder one dram of Cinnamon two scruples of Mastich one dram and a half of Citron-seeds twelve grains powder them all as is requisite and make thereof a mass with the syrup of Maiden-hair let it be used as aforesaid If the mass begin to wax hard the pills that must presently be taken must be mollified with the syrup of Limons Other pills Take of washed Aloes two ounces of Saffron one dram of Myrrh half an ounce of Ammoniacum dissolved in white wine one ounce of hony of Roses Zedoary red Sanders of each one dram of Bole-Armenick prepared two drams of red coral half an ounce of Camphiâ—e half a scruple make thereof pills according to art But those that are subject or apt to the hoemorrhoids ought not at all or very seldom to use those kinds of pills that do receive much Aloes They say that King Mithridates affirmed by his own writing that whosoever took the quantity of an hasel-nut of the preservative following and drank a little wine after it should be free from poyson that day Take two Wall-nuts those that be very dry two Figs twenty leaves of Rue and three grains of Salt beat them and incorporate them together and let them be used as is aforesaid This remedy is also said to be profitable for those that are bitten or stung by some venomous beast and for this only because it hath Rue in the composition thereof But you must forbid women that are with childe the use of this medicine for Rue is hot and dry in the third degree and therefore it is said to purge the womb and provoke the flowers whereby the nourishment is drawn away from the childe Of such variety of medicines every one may make choice of that is most agreeable to his taste and as much thereof as shall be sufficient CHAP. VIII Of local medicines to be applyed outwardly THose medicines that have proper and excellent vertues against the pestilence are not to be neglected to be applyed outwardly or carryed in the hand And such are all aromatical astringent or spirituous things which therefore are endued with vertue to repel the venomous and pestiferous air from coming and entring into the body and to strengthen the heart and brain Of this kinde are Rue Balm Rosemary Scordium Sage Worm-wood Cloves Nut-megs
and nature be too weak and yield and that first he be troubled with often panting or palpitation of the heart then presently after with frequent faintings the patient then at length will die For this is a great sign of the Plague or a pestilent Fever if presently at the first with no labour nor any evacuation worth the speaking of their strength fail them and they become exceeding faint You may find the other signs mentioned in our preceding discourse CHAP. XIX Into what place the Patient ought to betake himself so soon as he finds himself infected Change of the Air conduceth to the cure of the Plague WE have said that the perpetual and first original of the Pestilence cometh of the Air therefore so soon as one is blasted with the pestiferous Air after he hath taken some preservative against the malignity thereof he must withdraw himself into some wholesome Air that is clean and pure from any venomous infection or contagion for there is great hope of health by the alteration of the Air for we do most frequently and abundantly draw in the Air of all things so that we cannot want it for a minute of time therefore of the Air that is drawn in dependeth the correction amendment or increase of the poyson or malignity that is received as the Air is pure sincere or corrupted There be some that do think it good to shut the patient in a close chamber shutting the windows to prohibit the entrance of the Air as much as they are able But I think it more convenient that those windows should be open from whence that wind bloweth that is directly contrary unto that which brought in the venomous Air Air pent up is apt to putrefie For although there be no other cause yet if the Air be not moved or agitated but shut up in a close place it will soon be corrupted Therefore in a close and quiet place that is not subject to the entrance of the Air I would wish the Patient to make winde or to procure Air with a thick and great cloth dipped or macerated in water and vinegar mixed together and tied to a long staff that by tossing it up and down the close chamber the winde or air thereof may cool and recreate the Patient The Patient must every day be carryed into a fresh chamber and the beds and the linnen cloaths must be changed there must alwayes be a clear and bright fire in the Patients chamber and especially in the night whereby the air may be made more pure clean and void of nightly vapors and of the filthy and pestilent breath proceeding from the Patient or his excrements In the mean time lest if it be in hot weather the Patient should be weakned or made more faint by reason that the heat of the fire doth disperse and wast his spirits the floor or ground of his chamber must be sprinkled or watered with vineger and water or strowed with the branches of Vines made moist in cold water with the leaves and flowers of Water-lillies or Poplar or such like In the fervent heat of Summer he must abstain from Fumigations that do smell too strongly because that by assaulting the head they increase the pain If the Patient could go to that cost it were good to hang all the chamber where he lyeth and also the bed with thick or course linnen cloaths moistned in vineger and water of Roses Those linnen cloaths ought not to be very white but somewhat brown because much and great whiteness doth disperse the sight and by wasting the spirits doth increase the pain of the head for which cause also the chamber ought not to be very lightsome Contrariwise on the night season there ought to be fires and perfumes made which by their moderate light may moderately call forth the spirits The materials for sweet fires Sweet-fires may be made of little pieces of the wood of Juniper Broom Ash Tamarisk of the rind of Oranges Lemmons Cloves Benzoin Gum-Arabick Orris-roots Myrrh grosly beaten together and laid on the burning coals put into a chafing-dish Truly the breath or smoak of the wood or berries of Juniper is thought to drive serpents a great way from the place where it is burnt Lib. 16. cap. 13. The virtue of the Ash-tree against venom is so great as Pliny testifieth that a Serpent will not come under the shadow thereof no not in the morning nor evening when the shadow of any thing is most great and long but he will run from it I my self have proved that if a circle or compass be made with the boughs of an Ash-tree and a fire made in the midst thereof and a Serpent put within the compass of the boughs that the Serpent will rather run into the fire then through the Ash-boughs There is also another means to correct the Air. You may sprinkle Vinegar of the decoction of Rue Sage Rosemary Bay-berries Juniper-berries Ciprus-nuts and such like on stones or bricks red hot and put in a pot or pan that all the whole chamber where the Patient lyeth may be perfumed with the vapor thereof Perfumes Also Fumigations may be made of some matter that is more gross and clammy that by the force of the fire the fume may continue the longer as of Laudanum Myrrh Mastich Rosin Turpentine Stâ—rax Olibanum Benzoin Bay-berries Juniper-berries Cloves Sage Rosemary and Marjerom stamped together and such like Sweet candles Those that are rich and wealthy may have Candles and Fumes made of Wax or Tallow mixed with some sweet things A sponge macerated in Vineger of Roses and Water of the same and a little of the decoction of Cloves and of Camphire added thereto ought alwayes to be ready at the Patients hand that by often smelling unto it the animal spirits may be recreated and strengthned A sweet water to smell to The water following is very effectual for this matter Take of Orris four ounces of Zedoary Spikenard of each six drams of Storax Benzoin Cinnamon Nutmegs Cloves of each one ounce and half of old Treacle half an ounce bruise them into gross powder and macerate them for the space of twelve hours in four pound of white and strong wine then distil them in a Lembick of glass on hot ashes and in that liquor wet a sponge and then let it be tied in a linnen cloth or closed in a box and so often put into the nostrils Or take of the vinegar and water of Roses of each four ounces of Camphire six grains of Treacle half a dram let them be dissolved together and put into a vial of glass which the Patient may often put into his nose This Nodula following is more meet for this matter Take of Rose-leaves two pugils A Nodula to smell to of Orris half an ounce of Calamus aromaticus Cinnamon Cloves of each two drams of Storax and Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Cyprus half a dram beat them
into a gross powder make thereof a Nodula between two pieces of Cambrick or Lawn of the bigness of an hand-ball then let it be moistned in eight ounces of Rose-water and two ounces of Rose-vinegar and let the patient smell to it often Those things must be varied according to the time For in the Summer you must use neither Musk nor Civet nor such like hot things and moreover women that are subject to fits of the Mother and those that have Fevers or the head-ach ought not to use those things that are so strong smelling and hot but you must make choice of things more gentle Therefore things that are made with a little Camphire and Cloves bruised and macerated together in Rose-water and vineger of Roses shall be sufficient CHAP. XX. What Diet ought to be observed and first of the choice of Meat THe order of Diet in a pestilent disease ought to be cooling and drying not slender Why such as have the plague may feed more fully but somewhat full because by this kind of disease there cometh wasting of the spirits and exsolution of the faculties which inferreth often swounding therefore that loss must be repaired as soon as may be with more quantity of meats that are of easie concoction and digestion Therefore I never saw any being infected with the pestilence that kept a slender diet that recovered his health but died and few that had a good stomach and fed well died Sweet gross moist and clammy meats and those which are altogether and exquisitely of subtil parts are to be avoided for the sweet do easily take fire and are soon inflamed the moist will putrefie the gross and clammy obstruct and therefore engender putrefaction those meats that are of subtil parts over-much attenuate the humors and inflame them and do stir up hot and sharp vapours into the brain whereof cometh a Fever Therefore we must eschew Garlick and Onions Mustard salted and spiced Meats and all kinde of pulse must also be avoided Pulse must be shunned because they engender gross windes which are the authors of obstruction but the decoction of them is not alwaies to be refused because it is a provoker of urine Therefore let this be their order of diet The manner of Diet. let their bread be of Wheat or Barly well wrought well leavened and salted neither too new nor too stale let them be fed with such meat as may be easily concocted and digested and may engender much laudable juice and very little excremental as are the flesh of Wether-Lambs Kâ—â—s Leverets Pullets Partridges Pigeons Thrushes Larkes Quails Black-Birds Turtle-Doves Moor-Hens Phesants and such like avoiding water-Fowls Let the flesh be moistned in Ver-juice of unripe Grapes Vinegar or the juice of Lemmons Oranges Citrons tart-Pomgranats Barberies Goose-berries or red Currance or of garden and wilde-sorrel for all these sowr things are very wholsome in this kinde of disease for they do stir up the apetite resist the venomous quality and putrefaction of the humors restrain the heat of the Fever and prohibit the corruption of the meats in the stomach Although those that have a more weak stomâ—ch and are endued with a more exact sense and are subject to the Cough and diseases of the Lungs must not use these unless they be mixed with Sugar and Cinnamon If the patient at any time be fed with sodden meats let the brothes be made with Lettuce Purslain Succory Borage Sorrel Hops Bugloss Cresses Burnet Marigolds Chervil the cooling Seeds French-Barly and Oat-meal with a little Saffron for Saffron doth engender many spirits and resisteth poyson To these opening roots may be added to avoid obstruction yet much broth must be refused by reason of moisture The fruit of Capers eaten at the beginning of the Meal provoke the appetite and prohibit obstructions but they ought not to be seasoned with overmuch oil and salt that they may also with good success be put into broths Fishes are altogether to be avoided because they soon corrupt in the Stomach but if the patient be delighted with them those that live in stony places must be chosen that is to say those that live in pure and sandy water and about rocks and stones as are Trouts Pikes Pearches Gudgeons and Crevices boiled in milk Wilks and such like And concerning Sea fish he may be fed with Giltheads Gurnarts with all the kindes of Cod-fish Whitings not seasoned with salt and Turbuts Eggs potched and eaten with the juice of Sorrel are very good Likewise Barly-water seasoned with the grains of a tart Pomgranate and if the fever be vehement with the seeds of white Poppy Such barly-water is easie to be concocted and digested it cleanseth greatly and moistens and mollifieth the belly But in some it procures an appetite to vomit and pain of the head and those must abstain from it But in stead of Barly-water they may use pap and bread crummed in the decoction of a Capon For the second course let him have raisins of the Sun newly sodden in Rose-water with Sugar For the second course sowr Damask-Prunes tart Cherries Pippins and Katharine-Pears And in the later end of the Meal Quinces rosted in the Embers Marmalate of Quinces In the end of the Meal and conserves of Bugloss or of Roses and such like may be taken or else this powder following Take of Coriander-seeds prepared two drams of Pearl of Rose-leaves shavings of Harts-Horn and Ivory of each half a dram of Amber two scruples of Cinnamon one scruple of Unicorns horn and the bone is a Staggs heart of each half a scruple of Sugar of Roses four ounces make thereof a powder and use it after meats If the patient be somewhat weak he must be fed with Gelly made of the flesh of a Capon and Veal sodden together in the water of Soâ—â—el Carduus Benedictus with a little quantity of Rose-vinegar Cinnamon Sugar and other such like as the present necessity shall seem to require In the night season for all events and mischances the patient must have ready prepared broth of meats of good digestion with a little of the juice of Citrons or Pomgranats A restaurative drink This restaurative that followeth may serve for all Take of the conserve of Bugloss Borage Violets Water-lillies and Succory of each two ounces of the powder of the Electuary Diamargaritum frigidum of the Trochiâ—es of Camphire of each three drams of Citron-seeds Carduus-seeds Soâ—â—el-seeds the roots of Dictamnus Tormentil of each two drams of the broth of a young Capon made with Lettuce Purslain Bugloss and Borage boyled in it six pints put them in a Limbeck of glass with the flesh of two Pullets of so many Parthridges and with fifteen leaves of pure Gold make thereof a distillation over a soft fire Then take of the distilled liquor half a pinte strain it through a woollen bag with two ounces of white Sugar and half a dram of Cinnamon let the patient use this when he
the place must be fomented with water and oil mixed together wherein a little Treacle hath been dissolved leaving thereon stupes wet therein you may also use the decoction of Mallows the roots of Lillies Line-seeds Figs with oil of Hypericon to make the skin thin and to draw forth the matter and the day following you must apply the Cataplasm following Take the leaves of Sorrel and Hen-bane rost them under the hot ashes A Cataplasm for a pestilent Carbuncle afterwards beat them with four yelks of eggs two drams of Treacle oil of Lillies three ounces Barly-meal as much as shall suffice make thereof a Cataplasm in the form of a liquid pultis this asswageth heat and furthereth suppuration Or take the roots of Marsh-mallows and Lillies of each four ounces An other line-seeds half an ounce boil them beat them and then strain them through a Serse adding thereto of fresh butter one ounce and an half of Mithridate one dram of Barly-meal as much as shall suffice make thereof a Cataplasm according to art those Cataplasms that follow are most effectual to draw the venomous matter forth and to make a perfect suppuration Other Cataplasms especially when the 〈◊〉 of the matter is not so great but that the part may bear it Take the roots of white Lillies Onions Leaven of each half an ounce Mustard-seeds Pigeons dung Sope of each one dram six Saâ—ilâ— in their shels of fine Sugar Treacle and Mithridate of each half a dram beat them altogether and incorporate them with the yelks of eggs make thereof a Cataplasm and apply it warm Or take the yelks of six eggs of salt powdered one ounce of oil of Lillies and Treacle of each half a dram Barly-meal as much as will suffice make thereof a Cataplasm Take of ordinary Dyachiâ—â— four ounces of Vnguentum Basilicon two ounces oil of Violets half an ounce The effect of Scabious against a pestilent Carbuncle make thereof medicine Many antient Professors greatly commend Scabious ground or brayed between two â—ones mixed with old Hogs grease the yelks of eggs and a little salt for it will cause suppuration iâ— Carbuncles also an egge mixed with Barly-meal and oil of Violets doth mitigate pain and suppurate A Raddâ—sh root draws out the venom powerfully A Raddish-root cut in slices and so the slices laid one after one unto a Carbuncle or pestilent tumor doth mightily draw out the poison The juice of Colts-foot doth extinguish the heat of Carbuncles The herb called Divels-bit being bruised worketh the like effect I have often used the medicine following unto the heat of Carbuncles with very good success it doth also asswage pain and cause suppuration Take of the soot scraped from a chimny four ounces of common salt two ounces beat them into small powder adding thereto the yelks of two eggs and stir them well together untill it come to have the consistence of a pultis and let it be applyed warm unto the Carbuncle In the beginning the point or head of the Carbuncle must be burned if it be black The top of a Carbuncle when why and with what to be burned by dropping thereinto scalding hot oil or aqua fortis for by such a burning the venom is suffocated as touched by lightning and the pain is much lessened as I have proved oftentimes neither is it to be feared lest that this burning should be too painful for it toucheth nothing but the point of the Carbuncle which by reason of the eschar that is there is voâ—â— of sense After this burning you must go forward with the former described medicines untill the Eschar seemeth to separate it self from the flesh round about it which is a token or the patients recovery for it signifieth that nature is strong and able to resist the poyson After the fall of the Eschar you must use gentle mundificatives The falling of Eschar prâ—miseth health as those which we have prescribed â—n a pestilent Bubo not omitting someâ—imes the use of suppurative and mollifying medicines that while the gross matter is cleansed A twofold indication that which is as yet crude may be brought to suppuration for then the indication is twofold the one to suppurate that which remains as yet crude and raw in the part and the other to cleanse that which remains concocted and perfectly digested in the ulcer CHAP. XXXV Of the itching and inflammation happening in pestilent ulcers and how to cicatrize them Why the adjacent parts are troubled with itching THe parts adjoyning to a pestilent Ulcer oft-times are superficiarily excoriated by reason of ulcerous pustles which here and there with burning and great itching prick and vellicate the part The cause may happen either externally or internally internally by a thin and biting sanies which sweating from the Ulcer moistens the neighboring parts But externally by the constipation of the pores of the skin induced by the continual application oâ— medicines To remedy this A fomentation for this itch the place must be fomented with discussing and relaxing things as aqua fortis which the Gold-smiths have used for seperating of metals Alum-water the water of Lime Brine and the like But Ulcers left by Carbuncles and pestilent Buboes are difficultly cicatrized by reason of the corroding sanies Why these Uâ—cers are hard to be cicatrized proceeding from the cholerick or phlegmatick and salt blood which being in fault by the corruption of the whole substance causeth the abscess Besides such Ulcers are commonly round and therefore hard to be cicatrized for that the Quit ture hath no free passage forth so the â—anies of its own nature acrid and corroding doth by delay acquire greater acrimony and introsity so by its burning touch dissolving the adjacent flesh it hinders the conjunction and unition of the lips of the Ulcer but in the interim the lips of the Ulcer become callous which unless they be helped by cutting or eating medicines the Vlcer cannot be heâ—led for that by their denfity they hinder the sweating out of a sufficient quantity of the dewie glue to heal up the Vlcer Now the Vlcer being plained and brought equal to the other flesh Two sorts of Epuloticks we must use Epuloticks that is such things as have a faculty to cicatrize Vlcers by condensing and hardning the surface of the flesh of these there are two kinds for some without much biting bind and dry such are Pomegranat-pills Oak-bark Tutia Litharge burnt bones scales of brass Galls Cypress-nuts Minium Antimony Bole-Armenick the burnt and washed shels of Oâ—sâ—ers Lime nine times washed and many metalline things Others are next to these by which proud flesh is consumed but such must be sparingly used Of this kind is washed Vitriol burnt Alum which excelleth other Epuloticks by reason of the excellent drying and astringent faculty consolidating the flesh which by being moistened by an excrementitious humor grows lank For that the scar which is made is commonly unsightly in
this kind of Vlcers Remedies against the deformity of â—ears as red livid black swoln rough by reason of the great adustion imprinted in the part as by a buâ—ning cole therefore I have thought good here to set down some means by which this deformity may be corrected or amended If the scar be too big or high it shall be plâ—ined by making convenient ligation and strait binding to the part a plate of lead rubbed over with quick-silver but you may whiten it by annointing it with Lime nine times washed that so it may be more gentle and lose the acrimony and incorporated with oil of Roses Some take two pound of Tartar or Argol burn it and then powder it put it in a cloth and so let it hang in a moist Vault or Cellar and set a vessel under it to receive the dropping of liquor which is good to be rubbed for a good space upon the scar The same faculty is thought to be in that moisture of eggs which sweats through the shell whilst they are rosted at the coles as also unguentum citrinum Ointments to at enuate and take away scars and Emplast de cerussâ newly made The three following compositions are much approved â„ž Axungiae suillae nonies lotae in aceto acerrìmo â„¥ iv cinab succi citri alum usti an â„¥ ss sulphur vivi ignem haud experti Ê’ii camph. ℈ ii fiat pulvis then let them all be incorporated together and make an ointment it attenuates the skin and cleanseth spots â„ž olei hyos olei semin cucurb an â„¥ i. olei tartar â„¥ ss cerae alb Ê’iii liquefiant simul lento igne deinde adde spermat cetiÊ’vi removeantur praedicta ab igue donec infrigid postea adde troch alb Rhasis pul Ê’iii camph. Ê’i tandem cum mali citri succo omnia dilâ—gent commisce fiat linimentum Or else â„ž rad serpent â„¥ i. bulliat in aquâ com lbi ad dimid deide adde sulph vivi ignem non experti et alum crudi pulveris an Ê’iss colent praedict addatur caph Ê’ i. succi bycscyamiÊ’iss Let this medicine be kept in a lead or glass vessel and when you would use it dip linnen cloths therein and lay them to the part You may also use these medicines against the redness of the face and you may fetch them off in the morning by washing the face with warm water and bran CHAP. XXXVI Of sundry kinds of Evacuations and first of Sweating and Vomiting THe pestilent malignity is not only evacuated and sent forth by the eruption of pustles and spots but also by sweat vomit bleeding at nose at the haemorrhoids by the courses Why the pestilent malignity is not carried away by one way but by many a flux of the belly and other ways so that nature by every kind of excretion may be freed from the deadly poison especially that which is not as yet arrived at the heart But chief regard must be had to the inclination of nature and we must attend what way it chiefly aims at and what kind of excretion it affects Yet such evacuations are not always critical We must have chief regard to the motion of nature Signs of future sweat but usually symptomatical for that oft-times nature is so irritated by the untamable malignity of the matter that it can no way digest it but is forced by any means to send it away crude as it is Wherefore if nature may seem by the moistness of the skin the suppression of urine and other signs to affect a crisis and excretion by sweat you then shall procure it by the formerly mentioned means It is delivered by the Antients that all sweats in acute diseases are salutary which happen upon a critical day which are universal and hot and signified before the critical day But in this rapid and deadly disease of the Plague we must not expect a Crisis but as soon as we can A Crisis must not be expected in the Plague and by what means we may to free nature from so dire and potent an enemy But oft-times the tough and gross excrementitious humors may be purged by vomit which could not be evacuated by strong purges Therefore also by this manner of excretion may we hope for the exclusion of the pestilent venom if there be nothing which may hinder and nature by frequent nauseousness may seem to affect this way the endeavour thereof shall be helped by giving some half a pint of warm water to be drunk with four ounces of common oil an ounce of vinegar and a little juice of raddish after the taking of the potion How to procure vomit it is fit to thrust into the throat a Goose-quil dipped in the same oil or else a branch of Rosemary or else by thrusting in the fingers so to procure vomit also a portion of eight ounces of the mucilaginous water of the decoction of Line-seeds will procure vomit Or else â„ž rad raph in taleol sect vel sem ejus sem artriplicis an Ê’ iii. bulliant in aquae com quod sufficit pro dosi in colaturà dissolve oxym syr acet an â„¥ ss exhibeatur potio larga tepida Or else â„ž oxym Gal. â„¥ vi ol com â„¥ ii paretur potio tepid But nature must not be forct unless of its own accord it undertake this motion Why vomit must not be forced for forced and violent vomiting distends the nervous fibres of the ventricle dejects the strength breaks the vessels of the lungs whence proceeds a deadly spitting of blood Wherefore if the stomach shall trouble itself with a vain and hurtful desire to vomit it shall rather be strengthened with bags of Roses Worm-wood and Sanders using inwardly the juice of Quinces and Berberies and broths made for the same purpose CHAP. XXXVII Of Spitting Salivation Belching Hicketting and making of Water THat long evacuations may be made by Spitting and Salivation The effect of spitting in pestilent diseases you may learn by the example of such as have a plurifie for the matter of the plurifie being turned into pus the purulent matter suckt up by the rare and spongeous substance of the lungs thence drawn into the aspera arteria is lastly cast out by the mouth There is none ignorant how much such as have the Lues Venerea are helped by Salivation and Spitting But these shall be procured by a Masticatory of the roots of Ireos The force of Salivation Pellitory of Spain Mastich and the like the mucilage of Line-seeds held in the mouth will work the same effect That such as have a moist brain may expel their superfluous humors by sneesing and blowing their noses the brain by the strength of the expulsive faculty The force of Sneesing being stirred up to the exclusion of that which is harmful may be known by the example of old people and children which are daily purged by their noses the brain is stirred up to both kindes of
of an Onion rosted under the embers and incorporated with Treacle and a little oil of Rue after the hoemorrhoid veins by these means come to shew themselves they shall be rubbed with rough linnen cloths or Fig-leaves or a raw Onion or an Ox-gall mixt with some powder of Collequintida Lastly you may apply Horse-leeches or you may open them with â— lancet if they hang much forth of the fundament and be swoln with much blood But if they flow too immoderately they may be staid by the same means as the courses CHAP. XXXIX Of procuring evacuation by stâ—ol or a flax of the belly NAture oftentimes both by it self of its own accord as also helped by laxative and purging medicines casts into the belly and guts as into the sink of the body the whole matter of a pestilâ—nt disease whence are caused Diarrhaeas Lienteries and Dysenteries you may distinguish these kinds of fluxes of the belly by the evacuated excrements For if they be thin and sincere that is retain the nature of one and that a simple humor as of choler melancholy or phlegm and if they be cast forth in a great quantity without the ulceration or excoriation of the guts vehement or freâ—ting pain then it is a Diarrhaea What a Diarrhaea is which some also call fluxus humoralis It is called a Lienteria when as by the resolved retentive faculty of tâ—e stomach and guts caused by ill humors either there collected or flowing from some other 〈◊〉 or by a cold and moist distemper the meat is cast forth crude and almost as it was taken A Dysenteria is when as many and different things and oft-times mixt with blood What a Disenteria is are cast forth with pâ—iâ—â—g gâ—ipings and an ulcer of the guts caused by acrid choler fretting in sunder the coats of the vessels But 〈…〉 â—ny kind of disease certainly in a pestilent one fluxes of the belly happen immoderate in quantity and horrible in the quality of their contents as liquid viscous frothy as from melted grease yellow red purple green ash-coloured black and exceeding stinking The cause of various and stinking excrements in the Plague The cause is various and many sorts of ill humors which taken hold of by the pestilent malignity turn into divers species differing in their whole kind both from their particulâ—r as also from nature in general by reason of the corruption of their proper substance whose inseparable sign is stench which is oft-times accompanied by worms In the camp at Amiens a pestilent Dysentery was over all the Camp An history in this the strongest souldiers purged forth meer blood I dissecting some of their dead bodies observed the mouths of the Mesaraick veins and arteries opened and much swollen and whereas they entered into the guts were just like little Catyledones out of which as I pressed them there flowed blood For both by the excessive heat of the Summers sun and the minds of the enraged souldiers great quantity of acrid and cholerick humor was generated and so flowed into the belly but you shall know whether the greater or lesser guts be ulcerated better by the mixture of the blood with the excrements then by the site of the pain therefore in the one you must rather work by clysters but in the other by medicines taken by the mouth Therefore if by gripings a tenesmus the murmuring and working of the guts you suspect in a pestilent disease that nature endeavors to disburden it self by the lower parts neither in the mean while doth it succeed to your desire then must it be helped forward by art as by taking a potion of â„¥ ss of hiera simplex and a dram of Diaphaenicon dissolved in Worm-wood wateâ— A person Also Clysters are good in this case not only for that they asswage the gripings and pains and draw by continuation or succession from the whole body but also because they free the mesaraick veins and guts from obstruction and stuffing so that by opening and as it were unlocking of the passages nature may afterwards more freely free it self from the noxious humors In such Clysters they also sometimes mix two or three drams of Treacle that by one and the same labour they may retund the venenate malignity of the matter There may also be made for the same purpose Suppositories of boiled hony â„¥ i of hiera picra and common salt of each Ê’ ss or that they may be the stronger of hony â„¥ iii. of Ox-gall â„¥ i. of Scammony Euphorbium and Coloquintida powdred of each Ê’ ss Suppositories The want of these may be supplyed by Nodulas made in this form â„ž vitell ovor nu iii. fellis bubuli mellis an â„¥ ss salis tom Ê’ss let them be stirred together and well incorporated and so parted into linnen rags and then bound up into Noduleas of the bigness of a Fil-berd and so put up into the fundament you may make them more acrid by adding some powder of Eupporbium or Coloquintida CHAP. XL. Of stopping the flux of the belly VIolent and immoderate scourings for that they resolve the faculty and lead the patient into a consumption and death if they shall appear to be such A hasty pudding to stay the lask they must be staied in time by things taken and injected by the mouth and fundament To this purpose may a pudding be made of wheat-flower boiled in the water of the decoction of one Pomegranat Berberies Bole-Armenick Terra sigillata white Poppy-seeds of each Ê’i The following Almond-milk strengthens the stomach and mitigates the acrimony of the cholerick humor provoking the guts to excretion Take sweet Almonds boiled in the water of Barly wherein steel or non hath been quenched â—eat them in a marble-mortar and so with some of the same water make them into an Almond-mâ—lk whereto adding Ê’i of Diarhâ—den Abbatis you may give it to the patient to drink This following medicine I learnt of Dr. Chappelain the Kings chief Physician who received it of his father and held it as a great secret and was wont to prescribe it with happy success to his patients D. Chappâ—lains medecine to stay a scouring It is 〈◊〉 â„ž beâ—â—â—rmen terrae sigil l. pid hamat an Ê’i picis nâ—valis Ê’ i ss coral rub marg 〈◊〉 câ—râ— câ—vi â—st 〈◊〉 in aq p. aâ—t an ℈ succar r. s â„¥ ii fiat pu vis Of this let the patient take a 〈◊〉 before meat or with the yâ—lk of an egg Chrisâ—â—pher Anarâ—â— in his 〈◊〉 much commendeth dogs-dung when as the dog hath for three dries before â—een fed only with bones Qâ—â—ces rosted in members or boâ—led in a pot the Conserve of Cornelian-cherries Preserved Berberies and Myrabolans rosted nutmeg taken before meat strengthen the stomach and stay the lask the patient must feed upon good meats Drink and these rather rosted then boiled His drink shall be caliâ—â—â—ate-caliâ—â—â—ate-water of the decoctâ—on of sower Pomegranats beaten or of the
decoction of Quince Medlars Cervices Mulberries Bramble-berries and the like things endued with a faculty to binde and wast the excrementitious humidities of the body these waters shall be mixed with syrup of red Currants Ointments jul p of Roses and the like Let the region of the stomach and belly be annointed with oil of Mastich Moschatelium Myrtles and Quince Also cut of bread newly drawn forth of the oven and steeped in vinegar and Rose-water may be profitably applied or else a cataplasm of red Roses Sumach Berberâ—es Myrtles the pulp oâ— Quinces Mastich Bean-flower and hony of Roses made up with Calideate-water Clyster to stay a flux Anodyne abstergent astringent consolidating and nourishing Clysters shall be injected These following retund the acrimony of humors and asswage pain â„ž fol. lâ—ctuc hyâ—sc aceâ—â—s pâ—riuâ—an m. i. fter violâ—r nenuph. an â„¥ i ss fiâ—t clyster Or else â„ž râ—s rut hâ—râ— muna sem piant an p. i. fiat de câ—ctio in câ—â—atura â—ade â—â—e râ—s â„¥ ii vite â—vâ—r ii fiat clyster Or â„ž decoctionis câ—pi crur. viteâ—â—â— câ—pit vâ—rvicin unà cum pelle lb. ii in qua â—â—quantur fol. violâ—r mâ—â—iv mercur planteg an m i. hâ—ra mund â„¥ i. quatuor sem frigid major â„¥ ss in coâ—â—turae lb ss dissolvâ— câ—ss reventer exirâ—ct â„¥ i. ol vici â„¥ iv vitell r. over ii sacc rub â„¥ i. fiat clyster Or â„ž far chamam meâ—â—neth in p. â— rad lismal â„¥ i. fiat decoctio in lacte colaturâ—â—â—dde mucâ—g sem lin faenugraexiract in aquâ maâ—v â„¥ ii saccar rub â„¥ â— olei cham aneth an â„¥ i ss vitellâ—r â—ver ii fiat clyster Such Clysters must be long kept that they may more readily mitigate pain When shaving of the guts appear in the stools it is an argument that there is an ulcer in the guts therefore then we must use detergent and consolidating glysters A Clyster for uâ—ceraced guts as this which follows â„ž herdei integr p. ii râ—s ruâ— fâ—r chamoem plantag â—pit an p. i. fiat decoctio in colaturâ dissolve melits rasat syr de a. sinth an â„¥ ss viteâ— â—ver ii This following glyster consolidateth â„ž succi plantag centinea pertulac an â„¥ ii â— â—mâ—n sarg aracâ—n â—myl an Ê’i seâ—i hiâ—cini dissoluti Ê’ii fiat câ—yster Also Cows-milk boiled with Plantain A very astringent Clyster and mixed with syrup of Roses is an excellent medicine for the ulcerated guts This following glyster bindes â„ž caud equin plantpolygon an m. i. fiat decoctio in lacte ustulato ad quart iii. in calaturâ adde boli armen sâ—gil sang dracen Ê’ii aellumina quatuor over fiat clyster Or. else â„ž suc plant arnâ—glâ—s câ—ntined partulac residentia fâ—cta depura crum quantumufficit pro clystere addendo pul boli armani terrae sigil sang dracon anÊ’i cl myrrh rosat an â„¥ ii fiat clyster If pure blood flow forth of the guts I could wish you to use stronger astrictives To which purpose I much commend a decoction of Pomegranat-pils of Cypress-nuts red Rose leaves Sumâ—ch Alum and Vitriol made with Smiths water and so made into glysters without any oil It will be good with the same decoction to foment the fundament perinaeum and the whole belly A nourishing C yster Astringent Clysters ought not to be used before that the noxious humors be drawn away and purged by purging medicines otherwise by the stoppage hereof the body may chance to be oppressed If the patient be so weak that he cannot take or swallow any thing by the mouth nutritive glysters may be given him â„ž decoctionis capi pinguis crur. vitulini coct cum acetosa buglossâ— beragiâ— lactuca pimpinellâ â„¥ x. vel xii in quibus dissolve vitâ—llos overum nu iii. saccarirosati aquae vitae an â„¥ i. butyri recenâ—is non sality Ê’ii fiat clyster CHAP. XLI Of evacuation by insensible transpiration Tumors are oft-â—imes discussed by the force of nature after they are suppurated THe pestilent malignity as it is oft-times drawn by the pores by transpiration into the body so oft-times it is sent forth invisibly the same way again For our native heat that is never idle in us disperseth the noxious humors attenuate into vapours and air through the unperceiveable breathing-places of the skin An argument hereof is we see that the tumors and abscesses against nature even when they are come to suppuration are oft-times resolved and discussed by the only efficacy of nature and heat without any help of art Therefore there is no doubt but that nature being prevalant may free it self from the pestilent malignity by transpiration some Abscess Bubo or carbuncle being come forth and some matter collected in some certain part of the body For when as nature and the native heat are powerful and strong nothing is impossible to it especially when the passages are also in like manner free and open CHAP. XLII How to cure Infants and Children taken with the Plague IF that it happen that sucking or weaned children be infected with the pestilence they must be cured after another order then is yet described The Nurse of the sucking Childe must govern her self so in diet and the use of medicines The nurs must be dieted when as the childe is sick as if shee were infected with the pestilence her self Her diet consisteth in the use of the six things not natural Therefore let it be moderate for the fruit or profit of that moderation in diet cannot chuse but come unto the Nurses milk and so unto the infant that liveth by the milk And the Infant it self must keep the same diet as near as he can in sleep waking and expulsion or avoiding of superfluous humors and excrements of the body Let the narse be fed with those things that mitigate the violence of the severish heat as cooling broths cooling herbs and meats of a moderate temperature shee must wholly abstain from wine and annoint her nipples as often as shee giveth the Infant suck with water or juice of Sorrel tempered with Sugar of Roses But the Infants heart must be fortified against the violence of the increasing venom by giving it one scruple of Treacle in Nurses milk the broth of a Pallet or some other cordial water It is also very necessary to annoint the region of the heart the emanctories and both the wrists with the same medicine neither were it unprofitable to smell often unto Treacle dissolved in rose-Rose-water vinegar of Roses and a little Aqua vitae that so nature may be strengthened against the malignity of the venom When the children are weaned and somewhat well grown they may take medicines by the mouth Medicines may be given to such as are weaned for when they are able to concoct and turn into blood meats that are more gross and firm then milk they may easily actuate a gentle medicine Therefore a potion must be prepared for them of twelve
temperature of his inâ—ward parts so that disâ—ases are oft times hereditary the weakness of this or that entral being translated from the parent to the child Wherefore many diseases are heredetary How seed is to be understood to faâ—l from the whole body There are some which suppose this falling of the seed from the whole bodie not to â—e uâ—derstood according to the weight and matter as if it were a certain portion of all the bloud separated from the rest but according to the power and form that is to say the animal natural and vital spirits being the frâ—mers of formation and life and also the formative faculty to fall down from all the parts into the seed that is wrought or perfected by the Testicles for proof and confirmation whereof they alledge that many perfect sound absolute and well proportioned children are born of â—ame and decrepit Parents CHAP. I. Why the generative parts are endued with great pleasure What moveth a man to copulation A Certain great pleasure accompanieth the function of the parts appointed for generation and before it in living creatures that are of a lusty age when matter aboundeth in those parts there goeth a certain fervent or furious desire the causes thereof many of which the chiefest is That the kind may be preserved and kept for ever by the propagation and substitâ—tion of other living creatures of the same kind For brute beasts which want reason and therefore cannot be sol citous for the preservation of their kind never come to carâ—al copulation unless they be moved thereunto by a certain vehement provocation of unbridled lust and as it were by the stimulation of Venery But man that is endued with reason being a divine and most noble creature would never yield nor make his minde subject to a thing so abject and filthy as is carnal copulation but that the Venereous ticklings raised in those parts relax the severity of his minde or reason admonisheth him that the memory of his name ought not to end with his life but to be preserved unto all generations as far as may be possible by the propagation of hâ—s seed or issue Therefore by reason of this profit or commodity nature hath endued the genitals with a far more exact or exquisite sense then the other parts by sending the great sinews unto them and moreover she hath caused them to be bedewed or moistned with a certain whayish humor not much unlike the seed sent from the glandules or kernels called prostata situated in men at the beginning of the neck of the bladder but in women at the bottom of the womb this moisture hath a certain sharpness or biting for that kind of humors of all others can chiefly provoke those parts to their function or office and yeeld them a d lectable pleasure while they are in execution of the same For even so whayish and sharp humors when they are gathered together under the skin if they wax warm tickle with a certain pleasant itching and by their motion infer delight but the nature of the genital parts or members is not stirred up or provoked to the expulsion of the seed with these provocations of the humors abounding either in quantity or quality only but a certain great and hot spirit or breath contained in those parts doth begin to dilate it self more and more which causeth a certain incredible excess of pleasure or voluptuousness wherewith the genitals being replete are spread forth or distended every way unto their ful greatness The yard is given to men whereby they may cast out their seed directly or straitly into the womans womb and the the neck of the womb to women whereby they may receive that seed so cast forth by the open or wide mouth of the same neck and also that they may cast forth their own seed sent through the speâ—matick vessels unto their testicles The cause of folding of the spermatick vessels these spermatick vessels that is to say the vein lying above and the artery lying below do make many flexions or windings yet one as many as the other like unto the tendâ—ils of vines diversly platted or folded together and in those folds or bendings the blood and spirit which are carried unto the testiles are concocted a longer time and so converted into a white seminal substance The lower of these flexions or bowings do end in the stones or testicles But the testicles forasmuch as they are loose thin and spongeous or hollow receiving the humor which was begun to be concocted in the fore-named vessels concoct it again themselves but the testicles of men concoct the more perfectly for the procreation of the issue and the testicles of women more imperfectly because they are more cold less weak and feeble Wâ—mens testicles more imperfect but the seed becommeth white by the contact or touch of the testicles because the substance of them is white The male is such as engendreth in another and the female in her self by the spermatick vessels which are implanted in the inner capacity of the womb Why many men and women abhor venerous copulation But out of all doubt unless nature had prepared so many allurements baits and provocations of pleasure there is scarce any man so hot and delighted in venerous acts which considering and marking the pâ—ace appointed for humane conception the loathsomness of the filth which daily falleth down into it and wherewithall it is humected and moistned and the vicinity and nearness of the great gut under it and of the bladder above it but would shun the embraces of women Nor would any women desire the company of man which once premeditates or fore-thinks with her self on the labour that she should sustain iâ— bearing the burthen of her childe nine moneths and of the almost deadly pains that she shall suffer in her delivery Men that use too frequent copulation Why the str ngury ensueth immoderate copulation oftentimes in stead of seed cast forth a crude and bloody humor and sometimes meer blood it self and oft-times they can hardly make water but with great pain by reason that the clammy and oily moisture which nature hath placed in the glandules called prostatae to make the passage of the urine slippery and to defend it against the sharpness of the urine that passeth through it is wasted so that afterward they shall stand in need of rhe help of a Surgeon to cause them to make water with ease and without pain by injecting of a little oyl out of a Syringe into the conduit of the yard What things necessary unto generation For in generation it is fit the man cast forth his seed into the womb with a certain impetuosity his yard being stiff and distended and the woman to receive the same without delay into her womb being wide open lest that through delay the seed wax cold and so become unfruitful by reason that the spirits are dissipated and consumed The yard is
the childe Moreover let the Midwife annoint her hands with this ointment following as often as she putteth them into the neck of the womb and therewith also annoint the parts about it â„ž clei ex seminibus lini â„¥ i ss olâ—i de castoreo â„¥ ss galliae meschatae Ê’iii ladaniÊ’i make thereof a liniment Moreover you may provoke sneesing Aph. 35 43. sect 5. c. by putting a little pepper or white helebore in powder into the nostrils Line-seed beaten and given in potion with the water of Mug-wort and Savine is supposed to cause speedy deliverance Also the medicine following is commended for the same purpose â„ž certicis cassiae fistul A potion causing speedy deliverance conquassatae â„¥ ii cicer rub m ss bulliant cum vino albo aquà sufficienti sub finem addendo sabinaeÊ’ii in celaturâ prodosi adde cinam Ê’ ss crcci gr vi make thereof a potion which being taken let sneesing be provoked as it is above-said and let her shut or close her mouth and nostrils Many times it happeneth that the infant cometh into the world out of the womb having his head covered or wrapped about with a portion of the secundine or tunicle wherein it is inclosed especially when by the much strong and happy striveing of the mother he commeth forth together with the water wherein it lieth in the womb and then the Midwives prophesie oâ— foretell that the childe shall be happy because he is born as it were with a hood on his head But I suppose that it doth betoken health of body both to the infant and also to his mother for it is a token of easie deliverance For when the birth is difficult and painful the childe never bringeth that membrane out with him but it remaineth behinde in the passages of the genitals or secret parts What a woman in travail must take presently after her deliverance because they are narrow For even so the Snake or Adder when she should cast her skin thereby to renew her age creepeth through some narrow or strait passage Presently after birth the woman so delivered must take two or three spoonfuls of the oil of sweet almonds extracted without fire and tempered with sugar Some will rather use the yelks of eggs with sugar some the wine called Hyppocras others cullises or gelly but alwayes divers things are to be used according as the Patient or the woman in childe-bed shall be grieved and as the Physician shall give counsel both to case and asswage the furious torments and pain of the throwes to recover her strength and nourish her The cause of the after-throws Throws come presently after the birth of the childe because that then the veines nature being wholly converted to expulsion cast out the reliques of the menstrual matter that hath been suppressed for the space of nine months into the womb with great violence which because they are gross slimy and dreggish cannot come forth without great pain both to the veines from whence they come and also unto the womb whereunto they go also then by the conversion of that portion thereof that remaineth into winde and by the undiscreet admission of the air in the time of the childe-birth the womb and all the secret parts wil swel unless it be prevented with some digesting repelling or mollifying oil or by artificial rowling of the parts about the belly CHAP. XVII What is to be done presently after the childe is born Why the secundine or after-birth must be taken away presently after the birth of the childe The binding of the childes navel-string after the birth PResently after the childe is born the Midwife must draw away the secundine or after-birth as gently as she can but if she cannot let her put her hands into the womb and so draw it out separating it from the other parts for otherwise if it should continue longer it would be more difficult to be gotten out because that presently after the birth the orifice of the womb is drawn together and closed and then all the secundine must be taken from the childe Therefore the navel-string must be tied with a double thred an inch from the belly Let not the knot be two hard lest that part of the navel-string which is without the knot should fall away sooner then it ought neither too slack or loose lest that an exceeding and mortal flux of blood should follow after it is cut off and lest that through it that is to say the the navel-string the cold air should enter into the childes body When the knot is so made the navel-string must be cut in sunder the breath of two fingers beneath it with a sharp knife Upon the section you must apply a doudle linnen cloath dipped in oyl of Roses or of sweet Aâ—monds to mitigate the pain for to within a few dayes after that which is beneath the knot will â—all away being destitute of life and nourishment by reason that the vein and artery are tied so close that no life nor nourishment can come unto it commonly all Midwives do let it lie unto the bare belly of the infant whereof commeth grievous pain and griping by reason of the coldness thereof which dyeth by little and little as destitute of vital heat But it were far better to rowl it in soft cotton or lint until it be mortified and so fall away Those midwives do unadvisedly who so soon as the infant is born do presently tie the navel-string and 〈…〉 off not looking first for the voiding of the secundine When all these things are â—on the infant must be wiped cleansed and rubbed from all filth and excrement with oil of Roses or Myttles For thereby the pores of the skin wil be better shut and the habit of the body the more strengthened There be some that wash infants at that time in warm water and red wine and afterwards annoint them with the fore named oils Others wash them not with wine alone but boil therein red Roses and the leaves of Myrtles adding thereto a little salt and then using this lotion for the space of five or six daies they not only wash away the filth but also resolve and digest if there be any hard or confused place in the infants tender body by reason of the hard travail and labour in childe-birth Their toes and fingers must be handled drawn a sunder and bowed The defaults that are commonly in children newly born and the joints of the arms and legs must be extended and bowed for many daies and often that thereby that portion of the excremental humor that remaineth in the joints by motion may be heated and resolved If there be any default in the membe s either in conformation construction or society with those that are adjoyning to them it must be corrected or amended with speed Moreover you must look whether any of the natural passages be stopped or covered with a membrane The defaults of
this flux And as the matter is divers so it will stain their smocks with a different color Truly if it be perfectly red and sanguine it is to be thought it commeth by erosion or the exsolution of the substance of the vessels of the womb or of the neck thereof therefore it commeth very seldome of blood and not at all except the woman be either great with childe or cease to be menstrual for some other cause Womens flâ—x commeth veâ—y seldom of blood for then in stead of the monthly flux there floweth a certain whayish excrement which staineth her cloaths with the color of water wherein flesh is washed Also it very seldome proceeds of a melancholick humor and then for the most part it causeth a cancer in the womb But often-times the purulent and bloody matter of an ulcer lying hidden in the womb deceiveth the unskilful Chirurgian or Physician but it is not so hard to know these diseases one from the other for the matter that floweth from an ulcer By what signs an ulcer in the womb may be known from the white flowers because as it is said it is purulent it is also lesser grosser stinking and more white But those that have ulcers in those places especially in the neck of the womb cannot have copulation with a man without pain CHAP. LIX Of the causes of the Whites SOmetimes the cause of the Whites consisteth in the proper weakness of the womb or else in the uncleanness thereof and sometimes by the default of the principal parts For if the brain or the stomach be cooled or the liver stopped or schirrous many crudities are engendred which if they run or fall down into the womb that is weak by nature they cause the flux of the womb or Whites but if this Flux be moderate and not sharp How a womans flux is who eâ—â—me How it causeth diseases it keepeth the body from malign diseases otherwise it useth to infer a consumption leanness paleness and an oedematus swelling of the legs the falling down of the womb the dejection of the appetite and all the faculties and continual sadness and sorrowfulness from which it is very hard to perswade the sick woman because that her minde and heart will be almost broken by reason of the shame that she taketh How it leâ—teâ—h the concepâ—ion because such filth floweth continually it hindereth conception because it either corrupteth or driveth out the seed when it is conceived Often-times if it stoppeth for a few months the matter that stayeth there causeth an abscess about the wound in the body or neck thereof and by the breaking of the abscess there followeth rotten and cancerous ulcers sometimes in the womb sometimes in the groin and often in the hips This disease is hard to be cured not only by reason of it self Why it is hard to be cured as because all the whole filth and superfluous excrements of a womans body floweth down into the womb as it were into a sinke because it is naturally weak hath an inferior situation many vessels ending therein and last of all because the courses are wont to come through it as also by reason of the sick woman who oftentimes had rather die then to have that place seen the disease known or permit local medicines to be applied thereto for so saith Montanus An history that on a time he was called to a noble woman of Italy who was troubled with this disease unto whom he gave counsel to have cleansing decoctions injected into her womb which when she heard she fell into a swound and desired her husband never thereafter to use his counsel in any thing CHAP. LX. The cure of the Whites IF the matter that floweth out in this disease be of a red color it differeth from the natural monthly flux in this only because it keeps no order or certain time in its returning If the flux of a woman be red wherein it d ffereth from the menstrual flux Therefore phlebotomy and other remedies which we have spoken of as requisite for the menstrual flux when it floweth immoderately is here necessary to be used But if it be white or doth testifie or argue the ill juice of this or that humor by any other colour a purgation must be prescribed of such things as are proper to the humor that offends for it is not good to stop such a flux suddenly for it is necessary A womans flux is not suddenly to be stopped that so the body should be purged of such filth or abundance of humors for they that do hasten to stop it cause the dropsie by reason that this sink of humors is turned back into the liver or else a cancer in the womb because it is stayed there or a fever or other diseases according to the condition of the part that receiveth it Therefore we must not come to local detersives desiccatives restrictives unless we have first used universal remedies according to art Alum-baths baths of brimstone and of bitumen or iron are convenient for the whites that come of a phlegmatick humor What baths are profitable instead whereof baths may be made of the decoction of herbs that are hot dry and indued with an aromatick power with alom and pebbles or flint-stones red hot thrown into the same Let this be the form of a cleansing decoction and injection â„ž fol. absynth agrimon centinod burs-past an m. ss boil them together and make thereof a decoction in which dissolve mellis rosar â„¥ .ii aloes myrrhae salis uitri an Ê’i make thereof an injection the woman being so placed on a pillow under her buttocks that the neck of the womb being more high An astringent injection may be wide open when the injection is received let the woman set her legs across and draw them up to her buttocks and so she may keep that which is injected They that endeavor to dry and binde more strongly add the juice of acatia green galls the findes of pomegranats roch-alome Romane vitriol and they boil them in Smiths water and red-wine pessaries may be made of the like faculty The signs of a putrified ulcer in the womb If the matter that commeth forth be of an ill color or smell it is like that there is a rotten ulcer therefore we ought to inject those things that have power to correct the putrefaction among which Aegyptiacum dissolved in lie or red wine excelleth There are women which when they are troubled with a virulent Gonorrhaea The vâ—rulent Gonorrhaea is like unto the flux of women or an involuntary flux of the seed cloaking the fault with an honest name do untruly say that they have the whites because that in both these diseases a great abundance of filth is avoided But the Chyrurgian may easily perceive that malady by the rottenness of the matter that floweth out and he shall perswade himself that it will not be cured without salivation or fluxing
of the shape which you may see here set forth The figure of a fish resembling a Monk The figure of a fish in the habit or shape of a Bishop Anno Dom. 1531. there was seen a Sea-monster in the habit of a Bishop covered over with scails Rondoletius and Gesner have described it Gesner professeth that he received from Jerome Cardane this monster having the head of a Bear the feet and hands of an Ape The effigies of a Sea-monster headed like a Bear The effigies of a Lion-like scaly Sea-monster Anno Dom. 1523. the third day of November there was seen at Rome this sea-monster of the higness of a child of five years old like to a man even to the navel except the ears in the other parts it resembled a fish The effigies of a Sea-monster with a mans face Gesner makes mention of this Sea-Monster and saith that he had the figure thereof from a Painter who took it from the very fish which he saw at Antwerp The head looks very ghastly having two horns prick-ears and arms not much unlike a man but in the other parts it was like a fish It was taken in the Illyrian Sea as it came ashore out of the water to catch a little childe for being hurt by stones cast by fisher-men that saw it it returned a while after to the shore from whence it fled and there died The effigies of a Sea-Devil Gesner tells that a Sea-monster with the head mane and breast of a horse and the rest of his body like a fish was seen and taken in the ocean-Sea brought to Rome and presented to the Pope Oâ—aus Magnus tells that a Sea-monster taken at Bergen with the head and shape of a Calf was given him by a certain English Gentleman The like of which was presented lately to King Charls the ninth and was long kept living in the waters at Fountain-Bleau and it went oft-times a shore This is much different from the common Sea-calf or Seal The effigies of a monstrous * This here figuâ—ed is the sea-Morse taken commonly by our men in their Greenland voiages and I judg the Sea-Bo e and Elephant to be the same but that the Painter hath shewed his skill too much in the one and the other is an old Morse as this here figured is a young one Sea calf This great monster was seen in the Ocean-sea with the head of a Bore but longer tusks sharp and cutting with scales set in a wonderful order as you may see by this figure The effigies of a Sea-bore Olaus Magnus writes that this Monster was taken at Thyle an Island of the North Anno Dom. 1538. it was of a bigness almost incredible as that which was seventy two foot long and fourteen high and seven foot between the eyes now the liver was so large that there with they filled five hogssheads the head resembled a swine having as it were a half-Moon on the back and three eyes in the midst of his sides his whole body was scaly The effigies of a monstrous Sea Swine The Sea-Elephant as Hector Boetius writes in his description of Scotland it is a creature that lives both in the water and ashore having two teeth like to Elephants with which as oft as he desires to sleep he hangs himself upon a rock and then he sleeps so soundly that Mariners seeing him at sea have time to come ashore and to binde him by casting strong ropes about him But when as he is not awakened by this means they throw stones at him and make a great noise with which awakened he endeavors to leap back into the sea with his accustomed violence but finding himself fast he grows so gentle that they may deal with him as they please Wherefore they then kill him take out his fat and divide or cut his skin into thongs which because they are strong and do not rot are much esteemed of The effigies of a Sea-Elephant The Brabians of Mount Mazoven which runs alongst the Red Sea chiefly feed on a fish called Orobone which is very terrible and much feared by other fish being nine or ten foot long and of the breadth agreeable thereto and it is covered with scales like a Crocodile A Crocodile is a vast creature comming sometimes to be fifteen cubits long and seeing it is a creature that doth not bring forth young but eggs it useth at the most to lay some sixtie eggs no bigger then Goose eggs rising to such such bigness from so small beginnings for the hatched young one is proportionable to the egg she is very long lived It hath so small and useless a tongue that it may seem to have none at all Wherefore seeing it lives both on land and water as it lives on land it is to be taken for a tongue but as it lives part of the life in the water it hath no use of a tongue and therefore is not to be reputed one For fishes either wholly wane tongues or else have them so impedite and bound The Crocodile only moves the upper jaw that they serve for little use The Crocodile only of all other things moves the upper jaw the lower remaining unmovable for her feet they are neither good to take nor hold any thing she hath eyes not unlike those of swine long teeth standing forth of the mouth most sharp claws a scaly skin so hard that no weapon can pierce it Of the land-Crocodile resembling this both land and water one is made the medicine Crocodilea most singular for sore eyes Expende diligenter Plimi locum lib 28. c. 8. being annointed with the juice of leeks it is good against suffusions or dimness of the sight it takes away freckles pustles and spots the Gall annointed on the eyes helps Cataracts but the blood clears the sight Thevet saith they live in the fountains of the river Nilus Cosmograph tom 1. l 2. c 8. How they take Crorodiles or rather in a lake flowing from the same fountains and that he saw some that were six paces long and a yard cross the back so that their very looks were formidable They catch them thus when as the water of Nilus falls the Egyptians let down a line having thereto fastned an iron hook of some three pound weight made very large and strong upon this hook they put a piece of the flesh of a Camel or some other beast which when as he sees he presently falls upon it and devours it hook and all wherewith when he finds himself to be cruelly pulled and pinched it would delight you to see how he frets and leaps aloft then they draw him thus hooked by little and little to the shore and fasten the rope surely to the next tree lest he should fall upon them that are about him then with prongs and such things they so belabor his belly whereas his skin is soft and thin that at length they kill him and uncaseing him they make ready his flesh and eat it for
may be drawn forth The form of a Nodule This description may be an example of Nodules â„ž Vitellum unius ovi cui adde salis modicum fellis vervecis mellis an â„¥ ss butyri â„¥ iii. misce fiant Noduli filâ— appensi Pessaries A Pessary is grosser than a Suppository and is appointed for the womb being made with Cotton-wool or Silk steeped in some medicament and then put into the neck of the womb Their use A Pessary is used either to ulcers of the neck of the womb or for the procuring or stopping of the Menstrua or against sordid and hurtful humors of the womb causing hysterical passions and therefore to be wasted away and evacuated Therefore in the composition of Pessaries are used gums juices seeds of herbs roots and many other things according to the advice of the Physician they are also made of a solid consistence the bigness of a finger that they may enter into the neck of the womb these being tied with a string which must hang forth to pluck it out withal when evasion serves This following may be an example of their description â„ž myrrh aloes an Ê’ i. sabin semin nigel artemis an Ê’ii radic ellebor nig Ê’i croci ℈ i. cum succo mercurial melle fiat Pessus let it be tied to the thigh with a thred Or thus â„ž mastich thuris an â„¥ iii. alum ros rub nuc cupres an Ê’ii ladan hypoci sumach myrtil an Ê’ iii. fiant pessi cum succo arnoglos cotoniorum According to this example others may be made for to mollifie to bind to cleanse to incarnate to cicatrize and cover the ulcers of the womb they are to be put up when the patient lieth in bed and to be kept all night Pessaries are also made of medicinable powders not only mixed with some juice but also with those powders alone being put into a little bag of some thin matter being stuffed with a little cotton that it might be of a convenient stifness and this kind of Pessiaries may be used profitably in the falling of the mother An example of one mentioned by Rondoletius in his book of inward Medicines is as followeth Against the suffocation of the Mother â„ž Benioini styracis caryoph an Ê’i gal moschi gr vi fiat pulvis this being made up with cotton may be put up into the body CHAP. XXIV Of Oils PRoperly and commonly we call oil that juice which is pressed forth of Olives but the word is used more largely for we call every juice of a fluxible unctuous and aiery substance Oil. There are three differences of these oleaginous juices The first is of those things which yield oil by expression as well fruits as seeds being bruised that by beating the oily juice may be pressed forth some are drawn without fire as oil of sweet and bitter almonds oil of nuts of Palma Christi Others are made to run by the help of fire by which means is gotten oil of bayes linseed-oil rape-oil oil of hemp and such like The manner of drawing oil from seeds is set down by Mesue in his third book The second sort of those oils which are made by the infusion of simple medicines in oil The making oils by infusion wherein they leave their qualities and this is done three several wayes the first is by boiling of roots leaves tops of flowers fruits seeds gums whole beasts with wine water or some other juice with common or any other oil â—ntill the wine water juice be consumed which you may perceive to be perfectly done if yoâ— castâ—d op of the oil into the fire and it maketh no noise but burneth It is to be remembreâ—â—haâ— sometimes the seeds or fruits are for a certain time to be macerated before they are set to the fire but it must be boiled in a double vessel lest the oil partake of the fire After this manner is made oleum costinum rutaceum de croco cydoniorum myrtillerum mastichinum de euphorbio vulpinum de scorpionibus and many others The second is by a certain time of maceration some upon hot ashes others in hors-dung that by that moderate heat the oil might draw forth the effects of the infused medicines into it self The third is by insolation that is when these or these flowers being infused in oil are exposed to the sun that by the heat thereof the oil may change and draw into himself the faculty of the flowers which are infused of this kinde are oil of roses camomil dill lilies of water-lilies violets and others as you may see in Mesue The third kinde is properly that of the Chymists The manner of oils by resolution and is done by resolution made after divers manners and of this sort there are divers admirable qualities of divers oleaginous juices whether they be made by the sun or fire or putrefaction as we shall speak in his place hereafter We use oils when we would have the virtue of the medicament to pierce deep or the substance of the medicines mingled with the oil to be soft and gentle Moreover when we prepare oils that should be of a cooling quality the common oil of the unripe Olive is to be used of that should the oil of roses be made Again when we would prepare oils of heating qualities such as are Oleum Philosophorum or of Tiles sweet and ripe oil is to be chosen CHAP. XXV Of Liniments A Liniment is an external medicine of a mean consistence between an oil and an ointment What a liniment is for it is thicker then an oil for besides oil it is compounded with butter axungia and such like which is the reason why a Liniment is more efficacious in ripening and mitigating pain then simple oil The varieties of Liniments are drawn from their effects some cool others heat some humect som ripen others by composition are made for divers uses The matter whereof they are usually made is oil axungia snet butter all those things which have an oily substance or consistence as styrax liquida turpentine the mucilages of fenugreek marsh-mallows marrow and other like To these are sometimes added powders of roots seeds flowers rindes metals but sparingly that the liniment may be of a liquid consistence An example of a liniment that is good to attenuate heat and digest is this that followeth â„ž ol amygd amar lilior an â„¥ i. axung anat gallin an â„¥ ss butyr sal expert â„¥ i. mucag. sem alth foenugr extract in aq hyssop an â„¥ ss pulver croci ireos an ℈ i. fiat linimentum This may be an example of a liniment to humect and mollifie â„ž ol amydg dulc â„¥ ii axung human â„¥ ss mucag. semin malv. extract in aq parietar â„¥ ss fiat linimentum you may add a little saffron There be many others like these which may be made for divers affects They are easily applied to every part of the body because they are not so liquid as oils the
the consumption of a third part then the Squinath must be bruised the Feverfew and the Staechas cut small and they being added to be boiled to the consumption of one pint and being boiled sufficiently the decoction being cooled shall be strained and kept and the Litharge is to be infused for twelve hours in the oil of Camomil dill Lilies and the axungia's above spoken of Then boil them all with a gentle fire by and by taking Saffron from the fire and add one quart of the decoction above spoken of then set it to the fire again that the decoction may be consumed and then by degrees add to the rest of the decoction the oil of spike shall be reserved unto the last which may give the plaster a good smell Then are added the juices of walwurt and enula which must be boiled untill they be wasted away Afterwards it being taken from the fire to the composition is added the Franincense and euphorbium and white wax as much as shall suffice When the whole mass shall cool then at last is mingled the quick-silver exstinct tutpentine oil of bitter almonds baies spike of line styrax and axungia being continually stirred and it shall be made up upon a stone into rolls Unless the quick-silver be well extinguished it will run all into one place and unless you tarry untill the composition cool it will vapor away in fume â„ž croci Ê’ii bdelli mastich ammon styrac liquid an â„¥ ss cerae alb lb ss tereb â„¥ vi medul Cerarum oesipi ex Philagrio cruris vaccae adipis anserini an â„¥ i. oesipi vel si desit axung gallin â„¥ ix clei nard quantum satis ad magdaleones formandos expressionis scillae â„¥ i ss olibani sevi vitul â„¥ i. The aesipus sepum adeps medulla cera are to be dissolved together when they cool add the ammoniacum dissolved in the decoction of fenugreek and camomil half an ounce and so much juice of squills then put to the styrax and turpentine stirring them continually then add the bdellium olibanum mastich aloes brought into fine powder and when they are perfectly incorporated into a mass let them be made up with oleum nardinum into rolls â„ž terebinth lb ss resin lbi cer alb â„¥ iv mastich â„¥ i. fol. verbin betonic pimpinel an m. i. De gratia Dei The herbs being green the tops are to be cut and bruised in a stone-mortar and boiled in red wine to the consumption of one third part To the strained liquor add wax cut into small pieces and being dissolved by the fire the liquor being consumed put to the rosin when it shall cool add the Mastich powdred working it with your hands by which it may be incorporated with the rest of the things â„ž succi beton plantag apii an lb i. cerae picis resin tereb ana lb. ss fiat empl De janua seu de Betonica The juices are to be mingled with the wax being dissolved and boiling them untill three parts be consumed add the rosin and pitch which being dissolved and hot must be strained and then add the turpentine and make up the plaster â„ž croci picis com or rather picis navalis Emplastrum oxycroceum because this emplaster is used to discuss and draw forth the matter which causeth the pain in the joints coloph. cerae an â„¥ ii tereb galb ammon thuris myrrhae mastich an Ê’ v ss The cera pix and colophonia are by little and little to be dissolved to which add the gums dissolved according to art and mingled with the terebinth and taking it from the fire add the thus myrrha and at last the crocus in fine powder and then make it into rowls up with oil of worms â„ž ol com lb ii cerus subtilis lb i. boil them together with a gentle fire De cerussá stirring them up continually untill they come to the body of an emplaster if you would have the plaster whiter take but â„¥ ix of the oil â„ž litharg irit acet fortis an lb. ss ol antiq lb. i. fiat emplastrum Tripharmacumâ— seu nigrum let the oil be mingled with the litharge for the space of twelve hours then boil them to a good consistence putting in the vinegar by little and little but you shall not take it from the fire untill the vinegar be quite wasted away Diapalma seu diatalcith os â„ž ol vet lb. iii. axung vet sine sale lb ii litharg trit lb iii. vitriol â„¥ iv let the oil be mingled with the litharge for the space of twelve hours and boil them to a good consistence then add to the axungia stirring them continually with a spatter made of the palm-tree reed or willow and being sufficiently boiled take it from the fire and add the vitriol in fine powder Contra ruptâ— raâ— â„ž picis naval aloes an â„¥ iii. litharg cerae coloph. galban ammoniac an â„¥ ii visci querni â„¥ vi gypsi ust utriusque aristoloch ana â„¥ iv myrrhae thuris an â„¥ vi tereb â„¥ ii pulveris vermium terrestrium gallar utriusqae consolid vol. arm an â„¥ iv sang humani lb i. fiat emplast If you would have iâ— of a very good conâ—stence you may add of the oil of myrtils or mastich lb ss you shall make it thus Take the skin of a Ram cut in pieces and boil it in an hundred pints of water and vinegar untill it come to a glue of stiff gelly in which you shall dissolve the visc quer then add the pitch and was broken into small pieces and if you will you may add the oil with them afterwards the galban and ammâ—â—â— dissolved in vinegar being mingled with the terebinth may be added Then add 〈…〉 â—gypsâ—â—m bol aristoloch consolida vermes sang human At last the myrrh thus colophon and alâ—â— â—â—â—ing them continually and that they may be the better mingled work the plaster with a hot peâ—â—il in a mortar De muâ—aginibus â„ž mâ—â—ag sâ—m liniâ—rad alth faenug median cortices ulmi an â„¥ iv olei liliacei cham aneth an â„¥ i ss ammon opopâ—â—â— sagap ana â„¥ ss croci Ê’ ii cerae nov lb ss tereb â„¥ ss fiat emplast Fernelius haâ—h â„¥ xx of wax â—â—e waxâ—â—eâ—ng cut sm ll must be mingled with the oils and the mucilages stirring them continuaâ—â—y with a wooden spatter till the liquor be consumed Then the gums dissolved and mingled with the â—â—binâ—â—â—ma must be added and last of all the saffron finely powdered De minio â„ž ol ros myrtil ung populeon ana â„¥ iv pinguedinis gallin â„¥ ii sebi arietis castrati sepi vaccini an â„¥ vi pingued porci â„¥ x. litharg auri argenti ana â„¥ iii. cerus â„¥ iv minii â„¥ iii. tereb â„¥ iv cerae q s fiat emplastrum vel ceratum mâ—lle The lithargyros cerussa and minium are to be brought into fine powder severally being sprinkled with a little rosewater lest the
finest of it should fly away these being mingled with the oil of roses and myrtles with a gentle fire may be boiled untill they come to the consistence of hony then add the axungia's and boil them till the whole grow black after add the sebum and that being dissolved take it from the fire and then add the unguentum populeon and some wax if there be need and so bring it to the form of a plaster Diachyloâ— magnum â„ž litharg puri pul â„¥ xii ol irin chamaem aneth an â„¥ viii mucag sem lini faenug rad alth ficuum ping uvar. passar succi ireos scillae oesipi icthyocollae an Ê’ vii ss tereb â„¥ iii. res pini cerae flavae an â„¥ ii fiat emplastrum The litharge is to be mingled with the oil before it be set to the fire then by a gentle fire it is to be boiled to a just consistence after the mucilage by degrees must be put in which being consumed the juices must be added and the icthyocolla and they being wasted too then put to the wax rosin then taking the whole from the fire add the oesipus and terebinthina The use of plasters We use plasters when we would have the remedy stick longer and firmer to the part and would not have the st ength of the medicament to fly away or exhale too suddenly CHAP. XXVIII Of Cataplasms and Pultisses The matter of cataplasms CAtaplasms are not much unlike to emplasters less properly so called for they may be spread upon linnen cloths and stoups like them and so applied to the grieved parts They are composed of roots leaves fruits flowers seeds herbs juices oils fats marrows meals rosins Of these some must be boiled others crude The boiled are made of herbs boiled tender and so drawn forth an hair-searse adding oils and axungias thereto The crude are made of herbs beaten or their juices mixed with oil and flower or other powders appropriate to the part oâ— disease as the Physician shall think fit The quantity of medicines entring these compositions can scarce be defined for that they must be varied as we would have the composition of a softer or harder body Their use Verily they ought to be more gross and dense when as we desire to ripen any thing but more soft and liquid when we endeavor to discuss We use cataplasms to asswage pain digest discuss and resolve unnatural tumors and flatulencies They ought to be moderately hot and of subtill parts so to attract and draw forth yet their use is suspected the body being not yet purged for thus they draw down more matter into the affected part Neither must we use these when as the matter that is to be discussed is more gross and earthy for thus the subtler parts will be only discussed Lib. 2. ad Glauc â—bid sciâ—ho and the gross remain impact in the part unless your cataplasm be made of an equal mixture of things nor only discussing but also emollient as it is largely handled by Galen An anodyne cataplasm A ripening cataplasm A discussing cataplasm How Pultisses differ from cataplasms This shall be largely illustrated by examples As â„ž medul panis lb ss decâ—quantur in lacte pingui adde olei chamaem â„¥ ss axung galin â„¥ i. fiat cataplasma Or â„ž rad alth â„¥ iii. fol. malv. senecionis an m i. sem lini fenug an Ê’ ii ficus ping nu vi decoquantur in aqua per setaceum transmittantur addendo â—lei lilior â„¥ i. far bord â„¥ ii axung porcini â„¥ i ss fiat cataplasma Or â„ž far fab â—roh an â„¥ ii pulv chamaem melil an Ê’ iii. ol â—rin amydg amar an â„¥ i. succi rut â„¥ ss fiat cataplasma Pultisses differ not from cataplasms but that they usually consist of meals boiled in oil water hony or axungia Pultisses for the ripening of tumors are made of the flowr of barly wheat and milk especially in the affects of the entrails or else to dry and binde of the meal of rice lentils or Orobus with vinegar or to cleanse and they are made of hony flour of beans and lupines adding thereto some old oil or any other oil of hot quality and so make a discussing pultis Also anodyne pultisses may be made with milk as thus for exampleâ— A ripening cataplasm â„ž farin triticiae â„¥ ii misce panis purissimi â„¥ iii. decequantur in lacte fiat pulticula â„ž farin hordei fab an â„¥ ii far oreb â„¥ iii. decoquantur in hydromelete addendo meliis quart i. olei amyg amar â„¥ ii fiat pulticula We use pultises for the same purpose as we do cataplasms to the affects both of the internal and external parts We sometimes use them for the killing of worms and such as are made of the meal of Lupines boiled in vineger with an oxes gall or in a decoction of wormwood and other such like bitter things CHAP. XXIX Of Fomentations A Fotus or fomentation is an evaporation or hot lotion chiefly used to mollifie relax and asswage pain consisting of medicines having these faculties A fomentation commonly useth to be moist being usually made of the same things as embrocations to wit of roots seeds flowers boiled in water or wine The roots here used are commonly of mallows marsh-mallows and lillies The seeds are of mallows marsh-mallows parsley smallage line fenugreek Flowers are of camomil melilot figs raisins and the like all which are to be boiled in wine water or Lye to the consumption of the third part or the half as â„ž Rad. alth lil an â„¥ ii sem lini foenug cumin an Ê’ iii. flo cham melil aneth an p i. summit orig m. ss bulliant in aequis partibus aquae vini aut in duabus partibus aquae una vini aut in Lixivio cineris sarmentorum ad tertiae partis consumptionem fiat fotus In imitation hereof you may easily describe other fomentations as occasion and necessity shall require We use fomentations before we apply cataplasms ointments or plasters to the part Their use that so we may open the breathing places or pores of the skin relax the parts attenuate the humor that thus the way may be the more open to the following medicines The body being first purged fomentations may be used to what parts you please They may be applied with a female-spunge for it is gentler and softer then the male with felt woollen cloaths or the like dipped in the warm decoction wrung out and often renewed otherwise you may fill a Swines bladder half full especially in pains of the sides of the decoction or else a stone-bottle so to keep hot the longer 2. De victu in acuâ—is yet so that the bottle be wrapped in cotton wool or the like soft thing that so it may not by the hardness and roughness offend the part according to Hippocrates CHAP. XXX Of Embrocations AN Embroche or Embrocation is a watering
What an Embrocation iâ— when as from an high we as it were showâ— down some moisture upon any part This kinde of remedy is chiefly used in the parts of the head and it is used to the coronal future for that the skul is more thin in that part so that by the spiracula or breathing places of this future more open then chose of the other futures the force of the medicine may more easily penetrate unto the Meninges or membranes of the brain The matter of Embrocations is roots leaves flowers seeds fruits and other things according to the intention and will of the Physician They are boiled in water and wine to the half or third part Embrocations may also be made of Lye or Bâ—ine against the cold and humid affects of the brain Sometimes of oyl and vineger otherwhiles of oyl only â„ž fol. plantag solan an m. i. sem portul cucurb an Ê’ ii myrtil Ê’ i. flor nymph ros an p. ss fiat decoct ad lb i. cum aceti â„¥ ii si alte subeundem sit ex qua irrigetur pars inflammata In affects of the brain when we would repercuss we often and with good success use oyl of Roses with a fourth part of vineger We use Embrocations Their use that together with the air drawn into the body by the Diastole of the arteries the subtler part of the humor may penetrate and so cool the inflamed part for the chief use of Embrocations is in hot affects Also we use Embrocations when as for fear of an haemorrhagy or the slying asunder of a broken or dislocated member we dare not loose the bondages wherein the member is bound For then we drop down some decoction or oyl from high upon the bondages that by these the force of the medicine may enter into the affected member CHAP. XXXI Of Epithemes EPithema or an Epitheme is a composition used in the diseases of the parts of the lower middle belly like to a fomentation not much unlike an embrocation What an Epitheme is They are made of waters juices and powders by means whereof they are used to the heart chest liver and other parts Wine is added to them for the more or less penetration as the condition of the hot or cold affect shall seem to require for if you desire to heat more wine must be added as in swooning by the clotting of blood by the corruption of the seed by drinking some cold poison the contrary is to be done in a fainting by dissipation of the spirits by feverish heats also vineger may be added The matter of the medicines proper to the entrails is formerly described yet we commonly use the species of electuaries as the species elect triasantali the liver being affected In the sixth Chapter and Diamargariton in affects of the heart The proportion of the juices or liquors to the powders uses to be this to every pinte of them â„¥ i. or â„¥ iss of these of wine or else of vineger â„¥ i. You may gather this by the following example A cordial Epitheme â„ž aqu ros bugl borag an â„¥ iii. succi scabios â„¥ ii pul elect diamarg. frigid Ê’ii cort citri sicciÊ’i coral ros ebor an Ê’ ss sem citri card ben an Ê’ii ss croci moschi an gra 5. addendo vini albi â„¥ ii fiat Epithema pro corde Their use Epithemes are profitably applied in hectick and burning fevers to the liver heart and chest if so be that they be rather applied to the region of the lungs then of the heart for the heat of the lungs being by this means tempered the drawn in air becomes less hot in the pestilent and drying fevers They are prepared of humecting refrigerating and cordial things so to temper the heat and recreate the vital faculty Sometimes also we use Epithemes to strengthen the heart and drive there-hence venenate exhalations lifted or raised up from any part which is gangrenate or sphacelate Some cotton or the like steeped or moistened with such liquors and powders warmed is now and then to be applied to the affected entrail this kinde or remedy as also all other topick particular medicines ought not to be used unless you have first premised general things CHAP. XXXII Of Potential Cauteries The use of potential cauteries THat kinde of Pyrotick which is termed a Potential Cautery burns and causeth an eschar The use of these kindes of cauteries is to make evacuation derivation revulsion or attraction of the humors by those parts whereto they are applied Wherefore they are often and with good success used in the punctures and bites of venemous beasts in a venemous as also in a pestilent Bubo and Carbuncle unless the inflammation be gâ—eat for the fire doth not only open the part but also retunds the force of the poison calls forth and plentifully evacuates the conjunct matter Also they are good in phlegmatick and contumacions tumors for by their heat they take away the force and endeavours of our weak heat Also they are profitably applied to stanch bleeding or eat or waste the superfluous flesh of ulcers and wens to bring down the callous lips of ulcers and other things too long here to insist upon The ma ter of them The materials of these Cauteries are Oke-ashes Pot-ashes the ashes of Tartar of Tithymals or spurges the Fig-tree the stalks of Coleworts and beans cuttings of Vines as also sal ammoniacum alkali axungia vitri sal nitrum Roman Vitrol and the like for of these things there is made a salt which by its heat is caustick and escharotiâ—â— like to an hot iron and burning coal Therefore it violently looses the continuity by eating into the skin together with the flesh there-under I have thought good here to give you divers forms of them The forms of them Take of unquenâ—ht Lime extinguished in a bowl of Barbers Lye three pounds When the Lye is settled let it be strained and into the straining put of Axungia vitri or Sandiver calcined Argol of each two pounds of Sal nitrum ammoniacum of each four ounces these things must be beaten into a gross powder then must they be boiled over the fire and after the boiling let them remain in the Lye for four and twenty hours space being often stirred about and then strained through a thick and double linnen-cloth lest any of the earthly dross get thorow together with the liquor This strained liquor which is as clear as water they call Capiteum and they put it in a brasen Basin such as barbers use and so set it upon the fire and assoon as it boils they keep it with continual stirring lest the salt should adhere to the basin the Capitellum being half boiled away they put in two ounces of powdred vitriol so to hasten the falling of the eschar and so they keep the basin over the fire until all the liquor be almost wasted away Then they cut
into pieces the salt or that earthy matter which remains after the boiling away of the Capitellum with a knife or hot iron spatula form them into cauteries of such figure and magnitude as they think fitting and so they laye them up or keep them for use in a viol or glass closely stopped that the air get not in Or Take a bundle or sufficient quantity of Bean-stalks or husks of Colewort-stalks two little bundles of cuttings of Vines four handfuls burn them all to ashes which put into a vessel of river-water so let them infuse for a dayes space being stirred ever now and then to this add two pounds of unquencht Lime of Axungia vitri half a pound of calcined Tartar two pounds of Sal niter four ounces infuse all these being made into powder in the foresaid Lye for two or three daies space often stirring it then strain the Capitellum or liquor through a thick cloth until it become clear Put it into a bason and set it over the fire and when as the moisture is almost wholly spent let two or three ounces of vitriol be added when the moisture is sufficiently evaporated make cauteries of that which remains after the formerly mentioned manner Take of the ashes of sound knotty Old oke as much as you please make thereof a Lye pour this Lye again upon other fresh ashes of the same wood let this be done three or four times then quench some Lime in this Ley and of these two make a Capitellum whereof you may make most approved cauteries The sign of good Capitellum For such ashes are hot in the fourth degree and in like sort the stones whereof the Lime by burning becomes fiery and hot to the fourth degree Verily I have made Caureries of Oke-ashes only which have wrought quickly and powerfully The Capitellum or Lye is thought sufficiently strong if that an egg will swim therein without sinking Or Take of the ashes of bean-stalks three pounds of unquencht lime Argol of the ashes of Okewood being all well burnt of each two pounds Let them for two daies space be infused into a vessel full of Lye made of the ashes of Oke-wood and be often stirred up and down Let this Lye then be put into another vessel having many holes in the bottom thereof covered with strums or straw-pâ—pes that the Capitellum flowing thorough these strait passages may become more clear Let it be put twice or thrice upon the ashes that so it may the better extract the heat and caustick quality of the ashes Then putting it into a Barbers basin set it over the fire and when it shall begin to grow thick the fire must be increased and cauteries made of this concreting matter The following cauteries are the best that ever I made trial of The faculty of the silken cautery as those that applied to the arm in the bigness of a Pease in the space of half an hour without pain especially if the part of it self be painless and free from inflammation eat into the skin and flesh even to the bone and make an ulcer of the bigness of ones fingers end and they leave an eschar so moist and humid that within four or five daies space it will fall away of it self without any scarification The cause of the name I have thought good to call these cauteries Silken or Velvet ones not only for that they are like Silk gentle and without pain but chiefly because I obtained the description of them of a certain Chymist who kept it as a great secret for some Velvet and much entreaty Their description is this Take of the ashes of Bean-stalks of the ashes of Oke-wood well burnt of each three pounds Their description let them be infused in a pretty quantity of river-water and be often stirred up and down then add thereto of unquench't lime four pounds which being quench't stirr it now and then together for two daies space that the Capitellum may become the stronger then strain it through a thick and strong linnen-cloth and thus strained put it three or four times upon the ashes that so it may draw more of the caustick faculties from them then boil it in a Barbers basin or else an earthen one well leaded upon a good Char-cole-fire until it become thick But a great part of the secret or Art consists in the manner and limit of this boiling for this Capitellum becomming thick and concreting into salt must not be kept so long upon the fire until all the moisture shall be vanished and spent by the heat thereof for thus also the force of the foresaid medicines which also consists in a spirituous substance will be much dissipated and weakned therefore before it be come to extreme driness it shall be taken from off the fire to wit when as yet there shall some thick moisture remain which may not hinder the cauteries from being made up into a form The made up cauteries shall be put up into a glass most closely luted or stopped that the air may not dissolve them so they shall be laid up kept in a dry place Now becaus the powder of Mercury is neer to cauteries in the effect faculty thereof which therefore is termed pulvis Angelicus for the excellency therefore I have thought good to give you the description thereof which is thus â„ž auripigmenti citrini floris aeris an â„¥ ii salis nitri lbi ss alumin. rochae lbii. vitrioli lbiii The description of Mercury or Angelical powder Let them all be powdred and put into a Retort having a large receiver well luted put thereto Then set the Retort over a Furnace and let the distillation be made first with a gentle fire then encreased by little and little so that the receiver may wax a little reddish â„ž Argenti vivi lb ss aquae fortis lbi ponantur in phiala fiat pulvis ut sequitur Take a large earthen pot whereinto put the viol or bolt-head wherein the Argentum vivum and Aqua fortis are contained setting it in ashes up to the neck thereof then set the pot over a furnace or upon hot coles so that it may boil and evaporate away the Aqua fortis neither in the interim will the glass be in any danger of breaking when all the water is vanished away which you may know is done when as it leaves smoaking suffer it to become cold then take it forth of the ashes and you shall finde calcined Mercury in the bottom of the colour of red Lead separated from the white yellow or black excrement for the white that concretes in the top is called Sublimate which if it should remain with the calcified Mercury you shall make it into powder and put it in a brass vessel upon some coals stirring or turning it with a spatula for the space of an hour or two for thus it will lose a great part of the acrimony and biting whence it will
thick and less fit to enter the passages of the nostrils and the sieve like bones but apt rather there to cause obstruction and intercept the freedome of respiration â„ž succi betae Ê’i aq salv beton an Ê’ii ss castor ℈ ss piper pyreth an ℈ i. fiat caputpurgium An errhine with powdeâ— Drye Errhines that are termed sternutatories for that they cause sneesing are made of powders only to which purpose the last mentioned things are used as also aromatick things in a small quantity as to Ê’ii at the most as â„ž major nigel caryoph zinzih an ℈ i. acor pyrâ—th panis porcin A sternutatory an ℈ ss euphorh ℈ i. terantur in nares mittantur aut in sufflientur Errhines of the consistence of Emplasters by the Latins vulgarly called Nasalia are made of the described powders or gums dissolved in the juice of some of the forementioned herbs incorporated with turpentine and wax that so they may the better be made into a pyramidal form to be put into the nostrils As â„ž majoran salv nigel ℈ ii pip alb caryoph galang an ℈ i. pyreth euphorb an Ê’ ss panis porcin ellebor alb an The matter of solid errhines ℈ i. terantur in pulverem redigantur And then with turpentine and wax as much as shall be sufficient make them up into Nasalia of a pyramidal or taper-fashion Their use We use Errhines in inveterate diseases of the brain as the epilepsie fear of blindness an apoplexy lethargy convulsion the lost sense of smelling yet we first use general remedies and evacuations lest by sneesing and the like concussion of the brain for the exclusion of that which is offensive thereto there should be made a greater attraction of impurity from the subjacent parts Liquid things must be drawn up into the nostrils warm out of the palm of the hand to the quantity of â„¥ ss The manner of using them the mouth being in the interim filled with water lest the attracted liquor should fall upon the palat and so upon the lungs dry Errhines are to be blown into the nose with a pipe or quill solid ones must be fastned to a thred that they may be dâ—awn forth as need requires when as they are put up into the nostrils The morning the belly being empty is the fittest time for the use of Errhines If by their force the nose shall be troubled with an itching the pain thereof must be mitigated by womans milk or oyl of violets To whom they are hurtful The use of attractive Errhines is hurtful to such as are troubled with diseases of the eyes or ulcers in the nose as it oft-times falls out in the Lues Venerea wherefore in this case it will be best to use Apophlegmatisms which may divert the matter from the nose CHAP. XXXVI Of Apohlegmatisms or Masticatories APophlegmatismoi in Greek and Masticatoria in Latine What an apophlegmatism is The differences are medicines which kept or held in the mouth somewhat chawed do draw by the mouth forth of the brain excrementitious humors especially phlegm now they are chiefly made four manner of wayes the first 〈◊〉 when as the medicines are received in hony or wax and formed into pills and so given to chaw upon The second is when as the same things are bound up in a fine linnen-cloth so to be held in the mouth The third is when as a decoction of acrid medicines is kept in the mouth for a pretty space The fourth is when as some acrid medicine or otherwise drawing phlegm as pellitory of Spain mastich and the like is taken of it self to the quantity of a hasel-nut and so chawed in the mouth for some space The matter of masticatories is of the kinde of acrid medicines as of pepper mustard hyssop ginger pellitory of Spain and the like amongst which you must make choice chiefly of such as are not troublesome by any ingrate taste that so they may be the longer kept in the mouth with the less offence and loathing Yet masticatories are sometimes made of harsh or acerb medicines as of berberies the stones or prunes of cherries which held for some space in the mouth draw no less store of phlegm then acrid things for the very motion and rowling them up and down the mouth attracts because it heats compresses and expresses the quantity of the medicine ought to be from â„¥ ss to â„¥ i ss as â„ž pyreth staphysag an Ê’i ss mastich Ê’ ss pulverentur involvantur nodulis in masticatoria Or â„ž zinzib sinap an Ê’i euphorb ℈ ii piper Ê’ss excipiantur melle et fiant pastilli pro masticatoriis â„ž hyssop thym origan salv an p i. boil them in water to wash the mouth withall Or â„ž zinzib caryoph an Ê’i pyreth pip an Ê’ss staphysagr Ê’ii mastiches â„¥ ss excipiantur fiant pastilli pro masticatoriis The use of masticatories We use masticatories in old diseases of the brain dimness of the sight deafness pustles of the head and face and sometimes to divert the excrements which run to the nose being ulcerated Masticatories are very hurtful to such as have their mouths or throats ulcerated To whom hurtful as also to them whose lungs are subject to inflammations distillations and ulcers for then Errhines are more profitable to derive the matter of the disease by the nostrils For though the humor drawn from the brain into the mouth by the means of the masticatory may be thence cast forth by coughing and spitting yet in the interim nature will be so inured to that passage for the humor so that it will run that way when as we sleep and fall down upon the parts thereunder weak either by nature or by accident The time fittest for the use of Apophlegmatisms is the morning the body being first purged if any ingrateful taste remain in the mouth or adhere to the tongue by using of masticatories you shall take it away by washing the mouth with warm water or a decoction of liquorice and barly CHAP. XXXVII Of Gargarisms What a gargle is The differences thereof A Gargle or gargarism is a liquid composition fit for to wash the mouth and all the parts thereof to hinder defluxion and inflammation to heal the ulcers which are in those parts to asswage pain Their composition is two-fold the first is of a decoction of roots leaves flowers fruits and seeds fit for the disease now the decoction is to be made either in fair water alone or with the admixture of white or red wine or in the decoction of liquorice and barly or of pectoral things as the intention of the Physician is to repel cool or hinder inflammation as in the tooth-ach caused by matter which is yet in motion to discuss as in the tooth-ach already at the height or to cleanse as in the ulcers of the mouth or to drie and bince as when it is fit to heal the ulcers already
may perceive by the happy success of such as have used them against the Dysentery Besides these there are also other baths made by art of simple water The faulty of a bath of warm-water sometimes without the ad mixture of any other thing but otherwhiles with medicinal things mixed therewith and boiled therein But after what manner soever these be made they ought to he warm for warm-warm-water humects relaxes mollifies the solid parts if at any time they be too drye hard and dense by the ascititious heat it opens the pores of the skin digests and attracts and discusses fuliginous and acrid excrements remaining between the flesh and the skin It is good against sun-burning and weatiness whereby the similar parts are dried more then is fit To conclude whether we be too hot or cold or too drye or be nauseous we finde manifest profits by baths made of sweet or warm water as those that my supply the defect of frictions and exercises for they bring the body to a mediocrity of temper they increase and strengthen the native colour and by procuring sweat discusse statulencies therefore they are very useful in hectick fevers and in the declension of all fevers and against raving and talking idlely for the procuring sleep Why we put oil in to baths But because water alone cannot long adhere to the body let oyl be mixed or put upon them which may hold in the water and keep it longer to the skin These baths are good against the inflammations of the lungs and sides for they mitigate pain and help forward that which is suppurative to exclusion when as general remedies according to art have preceded for otherwise they will cause a greater defluxion to the afflicted parts for a bath in Galens opinion is profitably used to diseases when as the morbifick matter is concocted To this purpose is chosen rain-water then river-water so that it be not muddy and then fountain-water the water of standing-Lakes and sens is not approved of for it is fit that the water which is made choice of for a bath of sweet water should be light and of subtil parts for baths of waters which are more then immoderately hot or cold yeeld no such commodity but verily they hurt in this that they shut up or close the pores of the body keep in the fuliginous excrements under the skin other baths of sweet or fresh water consist of the same matter as fomentations do whence it is that some of them relax others mitigate pain others cleanse and othersome procure the courses that is compounded of a decoction of ingredients or plants having such operations To these there is sometimes added wine otherwhiles oyl sometimes fresh butter or milk as when the urine is stopped when nephiritick pains are violent when the nerves are contracted when the habit of the body wastes and wrinkles with a hectick driness for this corrugation is amended by relaxing things but it is watered and as it were fatted by humecting things which may penetrate and transfuse the oily or fatty humidity into the body thus rarified and opened by the warmness of a bath Anodyne baths are made of a decoction of medicines of a middle nature such as are temperate and relaxing things with which we may also sometimes mix resolving things they are boiled in water wine especially in pains of the cholick proceeding from vitreous phlegm or gross thick flatulencies contained or shut up in the belly Why we must not continue in the bath till we sweat kidnies or womb In such baths it is not fit to sweat but only to sit in them so long untill the bitterness of the pain be asswaged or mitigated lest the powers weakened by pain should be more resolved by the breaking forth of sweat emollients are sometimes mixed with gentle detergents when as the skin is rough and cold or when the scails or crust of scabs is more hard then usual then in conclusion we must come to strong detersives and driers lastly to drying and somewhat astrictive medicines so to strengthen the skin that it may not yeeld it self so easie and open to receive defluxions By giving you one example the whole manner of prescribing a bath may appear A mollifying and anodyne-bath â„ž rad lilior bismalv an lbii. malv. parlet violar an m ss sem lini foenug bismalv an lbi flor cham melil aneth an p vi fiat decoctio in sufficienti aquae quantitate cui permisceto olei liliorum lini ana lb ii fiat balneum in quo diutius natet aeger Cautions to be observed in the use of baths B ths though noble remedies approved by use and reason yet unless they be fitly and discreetly used in time plenty and quality they do much harm for they cause shakings and chilness pains density of the skin or too much rarefaction thereof and oft-times a resolution of all the faculties Wherefore a man must be mindeful of these cautions before he enter into a bath First that there be no weakness of any noble principal bowel for the weak parts easily receive the humors which the bath hath defused and rarified the wayes lying open which tend from the whole body to the principal parts Neither must there be any plenty of crude humors in the first region for so they should be attracted and diffused over all the body therefore it is not only fit that general purgations should precede but also particular by the belly and urine besides the patient should be strong that can fasting endure a bath as long as it is needful Lastly the bath ought to be in a warm and silent place lest any cold air by its blowing or the water by its cold appulse cause a shivering or shaking of the body whence a fever may ensue The fitâ—est time for bathing The morning is a fit time for bathing the stomach being fasting and empty or six hours after meat if it be requisite that the Patient should bath twice a day otherwise the meat yet crude would be snatched by the heat of the bath out of the stomach into the veins and habit of the body Many of all the seasons of the year make choice of the spring and end of Summer and in these times they chuse a clear day neither troubled with stormy windes nor too sharp an air As long as the Patient is in the bath it is fit that he take no meat unless peradventure to comfort him he take a little bread moistened in wine or the juice of an orange or some damask-prunes to quench his thirst his strength will shew how long it is fit that he should stay in for he must not stay there to the resolution of his powers for in baths the humid and spirituous substance is much dissipated How to order the patient comming forth of the bath Comming forth of the bath they must presently get them to bed be well covered that by sweating the
of Waters BEfore I describe the manner how to distill waters The varieties of distilled waters I think it not amiss briefly to reckon up how many sorts of distilled waters there be and what the faculties of them are Therefore of distilled waters some are medicinal as the waters of Roses Plantain Sorrel Sage and the like others are alimentary as those waters that we call restauratives other some are composed of both such as are these restaurative waters which are also mixed with medicinal things others are purging as the distilled water of green and fresh Rubarb othersome serve for smoothing the skin and others for smell of which sort are those that are distilled of aromatick things To distill Rose-water it will be good to maceâ—ate the Roses before you distill them for the space of two or three daies in some formerly distilled Rose-water or their pressed-out juice Rose water luting the vessel close them put then into an Alembick closely luted to his head and his Receiver and so put into a Balneum Mariae as we have formerly described The distilled Alimentary liquors are nothing else than those that we vulgarly call Restauratives Restauratives this is the manner and art of preparing them Take of Veal Mutton Kid Capon Pullet â—ock Parâ—ridg Phesant as much as shall seem fit for your purpose cut it small and lest it should requires heat or empyreuma from the fire mix therewith a handful of French Barly and of red Rose-leaves dâ—ie and fresh but first steeped in the juice of pomgranats or citrons and rose-Rosewater with a little Cinnamon The delineation of a Balneum Mariae which may also serve to distill with ashes A. Shews the Fornace with the hole to take forth the ashes B. Shews another Fornace as it were set in the other now it is of Brass and runs through the midst of the kettle made also of brass that so the contained water or ashes may be the more easily heated C. The kettle wherein the water ashes or sand are contained D. The Alembick set in the water ashes or sand with the mouths of the receivers E. The bottom of the second brass Fornace whose top is marked with B. which contains the fire There may be made other restauratives in shorter time with less labor and cost Anosher way of making restaurative Liquors To this purpose the flesh muâ—t be beaten and cut thin and so thrust through with a double thred so that the pieces thereof may touch each other then put them in to a glass and let the thred hang out so stop up the glass close with a linnen cloth Cotton or Tow and lute it up with paste made of meal and the whiâ—es of eggs then set it up to the neck in a kettle of water but so that it touch not the bottom but let it be kept upright by the formerly described means then make a gentle fire there-under un il the contained flesh by long boiling shall be dissolved into juice and that will commonly be in some four hours space This being done let the fire be taken from under the kettle but take not forth the glass befor the water be cold lest the fire being hot should be broken by the sudden â—ppulse of the cold air Wherefore when as it is cold let it be opened and the thred with the pieces of flesh be drawn forth so that only the juice may be left remaining then strain it through a bag and aromatize it with Sugar and Cinnamom adding a little juice of Citron Verjuice or Vineger as it shall best like the Patients palate After this manner you may quickly easily and without great cost have and prepare all sorts of restauratives as well medicated as simple But the force and faculty of purging medicines is extracted after a clean contrary manner then the oyls and waters which are drawn of Aromatitk things as Sage Rosemary Time Anniseeds Fennel Cloves Cinnamon Nutmegs and the like For the strength of â—hese as that which is subtil and aiery flies upwards in distillation but the strength of puâ—ging things aâ— Tuâ—bâ—th Agarick Rubâ—rb and the like subsides in the bottom For the purgative â—â—câ—l y of these purgers inseparably ache es to the b dies and substances Now for sweet waters and such as serve to smooth the skin of the face they may be distilled in Balneo Mariae like as Rose water CHAP. VIII How to distill Aqua Vitae or the spirits of Wine TAke of good white or Claret-wine or Sack which is not sowr nor musty nor otherwise corrupt or of the Lees that quantity which may serve to fil the vessel wherein you make the distillation to a third part then put on your head furnished with the nose or pipe Spirit of wine seven times rectified and so make your distillation in Balneo Mariae The oftner it is distilled or as they term it rectified the more noble and effectual it becomes Therefore some distil it seven times over At the first distillation it may suffice to draw a fourth or third part of the whole to wit of twenty four pintes of Wine or Lees draw six or eight pintes of distilled liquor At the second time the half part that is three or four pintes At the third distillation the half part again that is two pintes so that the oftner you distil it over the less liquor you have but it will be a great deal the more efficacious I do well like that the first distillation be made in Ashes the second in Balneo Mariae To conclude that aqua vitae is to be approved of neither is it any oftner to be distilled which put into a spoon or saucer and there set on fire burns wholly away and leaves no liquor or moisture in the bottom of the vessel if you drop a drop of oyl into this same water it continually falls to the bottom or if you drop a drop into tht palm of your hand it will quickly vanish away which are two other notes of the probation of this liquor The faculties of the spirit of wine The faculties and effects of aqua vitae are innumerable it is good against the epilepsie and all cold diseases it asswages the pain of the teeth it is good for punctures and wounds of the Nerves faintings swoonings gangreens and mortifications of the flesh as also put to other medicines for a vehicle The distilling of Wine and vineger is different There is this difference between the distilling of Wine and Vineger wine being of an aiery and vaporous substance that which is the best and most effectual in it to wit the aiery and fiery liquor comes from it presently at the first distillation Therefore the residue that remains in the bottom of the vessel it is of a cold drye and acrid nature on the contrary the water that comes first from Vineger being distilled is insipid and flegmatick For Vineger is made by the corruption of wine and the segregation of
the fiery and aiery parts wherefore the Wine becoming sowr there remains nothing of the former substance but phlegm wherefore seeing phlegm is chiefly predominant in Vineger it first rises in distillation Wherefore he that hopes to distil the spirit of Vineger he must cast away the phlegmatick substance that first substance that first rises and when by his taste he shall perceive the spirit of Vineger he shall keep the fire thereunder until the flowing liquor shall become as thick as hony then must the fire be taken away otherwise the burning of it will cause a great stinch The vessels fit to distil aqua vitae and Vineger are divers as an Alembick or Retort set in sand or Ashes a Copper or brass-bottom of a Stil with a head thereto having a pipe comming forth thereof which runs into a worm or pipe fastned in a barrel or vessel filled with cold water and having the lower end comming forth thereof whose figure we shall give you when as we come to speak of the drawing of oyls out of vegetables CHAP. IX Of the manner of rectifying that is how to increase the strength of waters that have been once distilled The first way TO rectifie the waters that have been distilled in Balneo Mariae you must set them in the Sun in glasses well stopped and half filled being set in sand to the third part of their height that the water waxing hot by the heat of the Sun may separate it self from the phlegm mixed therewith which will be performed in 12. or 15. dayes There is another better way to do this which is to distil them again in Balneo with a gentle fire or if you will put them into a Retort furnished with his receiver and set them upon chrystal or iron-bowls or in an iron-mortar directly opposite to the beams of the Sun The second as you may learn by these ensuing signs A Retort with his receiver standing upon Chrystal-bowls just opposite to the Sun-beams A. Shews the Retort B. The receiver C. The Châ—ystal bowls Another Retort with his receiver standing in a Marble or Iron-mortar directly opposite to the Sun A. Shews the Retort B. The marble or Iron-mâ—â—tar C The receiver CHAP. X. Of Distillation by filtring YOu shall set three basins or vessels of convenient matter in that fite and order that each may be higher than other that which stands in the highest place shall contain the liquor to be distilled and that which stands lowest shall receive the distilled liquor Out of the first and second vessel shall hang shreds or pieces of cloth or cotton with their broader ends in the liquor or upper vessel and the other sharper ends hanging down whereby the more subtil and defecate liquor may fall down by drops into the vessel that stands under it but the grosser and more feculent part may subside in the first and second vessel You by this means may at the same time distil the same liquor divers times if you place many vessels one under another after the fore-mentioned manner and so put shreds into each of them so that the lowest vessel may receive the purified liquor In stead of this distillation Apothecaries of-times use bags The description of vessels to perform the distillation or filtration by shreds A. Shews the vessel B. The Cloths or shreds â„ž litharg auri diligenter pulveris â„¥ iii. macerentur in aceti boni â„¥ vi trium horarum spatio seorsim etiam in aqua plantaginis solani rosarum aut commun sal infundatur then distil them both by shreds then mix the distilled liquors and you shall have that which for the milky whiteness is termed Virgins milk being good against the redness and pimples of the face Cap. 44. of fuci as we have noted in our Antidotary CHAP. XI What and how many waies there are to make oyls YOu may by three means especially draw to extract the oyls that you desire The first is by expression and so are made the oyls of Olives nuts seeds fruits and the like Oyls by expression By infusion By distillation Under this is thought to be contained elixation when as the beaten materials are boiled in water that so the oyl may swim aloft and by this means are made the oyls of the seeds of Elder and danewort and of Bay-berries Another is by infusion as that which is by infusing the parts of plants and other things in oyls The third is by distillation such is that which is drawn by the heat of the fire whether by ascent or by descent or by concourse The first way is known by all now it is thus Take almonds in their husks beat them work them into a mass then put them into a bag made of hair or else of strong cloth first steeped in water or in white-wine then put them into a press and so extract their oyl You may do the same in pine-apple-kernels Hazel-nuts Coco-nuts nutmegs peach-kernels the seeds of gouâ—ds and cucumbers pistick-nuts and all such oily things Oyl of bayes may be made of ripe bay-berries newly gathered Oyl of Balberries let them be beaten in a mortar and so boyled in a double vessel and then forthwith put into a press so to extract oyl as you do from Almonds unless you had rather get it by boiling as we have formerly noted Oyl of Eggs is made of the yelks of Eggs boyled very hard when they are so Of Eggs. rub them to pieces with your fingers then frie them in a pan over a gentle fire continually stirring them with a spoon until they become red and the oyl be resolved and flow from them then put them into a hair-cloth and so press forth the oyl The oyls prepared by infusion are thus made make choise of good oyl wherein let plants or creatures or the parts of them be macerated for some convenient time that is until they may seem to have transfused their faculties into the oyl then let them be boiled so strained or pressed out But if any aquosity remain let it be evaporated by boiling Some in compounding of oyls add gums to them of which though we have formerly spoken in our Antidotary yet have I thought good to give you this one example Oyl of S. Johns-wort â„ž flor hyper â„ž ss immitantur in phialam cum flo cent gum elemi an â„¥ ii olei com lb ii Let them be exposed all the heat of Summer to the Sun If any will add aqua vitae wherein some Benzoin is dissolved he shall have a most excellent oyl in this kinde Oyl of mastich is made Ex olei rosati â„¥ xii mastich â„¥ iii. vini optimi â„¥ viii Let them all be boiled together to the consumption of the wine then strain the oyl and reserve it in a vessel CHAP. XII Of extracting of Oyls of vegetables by Distillation ALmost all herbs that carry their flowers and seeds in an umble have seeds of a hot subtil and aiery substance and
consequently oily Now because the oily substance that is contained in simple bodies What oyls are to be drawn by expression is of two kindes therefore the manner also of extracting is two-fold For some is gross earthy viscous and wholly confused and mixt with the bodies out of which they ought to be drawn as that which we have said is usually extracted by expression this because it most tenaciously adheres to the grosser substance and part of the body therefore it cannot by reason of this natural grossness be lifted up or ascend Othersome are of a slender and aiery substance which is easily severed from their body wherefore being put to distillation it easily riâ—es such is the oily substance of aromatick things as of Juniper Aniseeds Cloves Nutmegs The first manner of drawing oyls by distillation Cinnamom Pepper Ginger and the like odoriferous and spicy things This the manner of extracting oyls out of them let your matter be well beaten and infused in water to that proportion that for every pound of the material there may be ten pints of water infuse it in a copper-bottom having a head thereto either tinned or silvered over and furnished with a couler filled w th cold-water Set your vessel upon a fornace having a fire in it or else in sand or ashes When as the water contained in the head shall wax hot you must draw it forth and put in cold that so the spirits may the better be condensed and may not flye away you shall put a long-neckt-receiver to the nose of the Alembick and you shall increase the fire until the things contained in the Alembick boil Another way There is another manner of performing this distillation the matter preserved and infused as we have formerly declared shall be put in a brass or copper-bottom covered with his head to which shall be fitted or well luted a worm of Tin this worm shall run through a barrel filled with cold-cold-water that the liquor which flows forth with the oyl may be cooled in the passage forth at the lower end of this worm you shall set your Receiver The fire gentle at the first shall be increased by little and little until the contained matter as we formerly said do boil but take heed that you make not too quick or vehement a fire for so the matter swelling up by boiling may exceed the bounds of the containing vessel and so violently flye over Observ ng these things you shall presently at the very first see an oily moisture flowing forth together with the waterish When the oyl hath done flowing which you may know by the color of the distilled liquor as also by the consistence and taste then put out the fire and you may separate the oyl from the water by a little vessel made like a Thimble and tied to the end of a stick or which is better with a glass-funnel or instrument made of glass for the same purpose Here you must also note that there be some oyls that swim upon the top of the water as oyl of aniseeds othersome on the contrary What oyls fall to the bottom which fall to the bottom as oyl of Cinnamon Mace and Cloves Moreover you must note that the watrish moisture or water that is distilled with oyl of Anniseed and Cinnamom is whitish and in success of time will in some small proportion turn into oyl Also these waters must be kept several for they are far more excellent then those that are distilled by Balneo Mariae especially those that first come forth together with the oyl Oyls are of the same faculties with the bodies from whence they are extracted but much more effectual for the force which formerly was diffused in many pounds of this or that medicine is after distillation contracted into a few drams For example the faculty that was dispersed over one pound of Cloves will be contracted into two ounces of oyl at the most and that which was in a pound of Cinnamon will be drawn into Ê’iss or Ê’ii at the most of oyl But to draw the greater quantity with the lesser charge and without fear of breaking the vessels whereto glasses are subject I like that you distil them in copper-vessels for you need not fear that the oyl which is distilled by them will contract an ill quality from the copper for the watrish moisture that flows forth together therewith will hinder it especially if the copper shall be tinned or silvered over I have thought good to describe and set before your eyes the whole manner of this operation A Fornace with set vessels to extract the Chymical oyls or spirits of Sage Rosemary Tyme Lavander Anniseeds Fennel-seeds Cloves Nutmegs Cinnamon Pepper Ginger and the like as also to distill the spirit of Wine of Vineger and Aqua vitae In stead of the barrel and worm you may use a head with a bucket or rowler about it A. Shews the bottom which ought to be of Copper and tinned on the in side B. The head C. The barrel filled with cold water to refrigerate and condensate the water and oyl that run through the pipe or worm that is put through it D. A pipe of brass or lattin or rather a worm of Tin running through the Barrel E. The Alembick set in the fornace with the fire under it Now because we have made mention of Cinnamon Pepper The description of Pepper and other spices which grow not hâ—re with us I have thought good to describe there out of Thevets Cosmography he having seen them growing Pepper grows upon shrubs in India these shrubs send forth little branches whereon hang clusters of berries like to Ivie-berries or bunches of small black grapes or currans the leaves are like those of the Citron-tree but sharpish and pricking The Iadians gather those berries with great diligence and stow them up in large cellars as soon as they come to perfect maturity Wherefore it oft-times happens that there are more then 200 ships upon the coast of the lesser Iava an Island of that country to carry thence Pepper and other spices Pepper is used in antidotes against Poysons it provokes urine digests attracts resolves and cures the bites of Serpents It is properly applied and taken inwardly against a cold stomach The uses thereof in sauces it helps concoction and procures appetite you must make choice of such as is black heavy and not flaccid The trees which bear white and those that bear black pepper are so like each other that the natives themselves know not which is which unless when they have their fruit hanging upon them as the like happens upon our Vines which bear white black Grapes The tree that yeels Cinnamon grows in the mountain of India The Cinnamon tree and hath leaves very like to baye-leaves branches and shoots at certain times of the year are cut from this tree by the appointment of the Kâ—ng of that Province the bark of which is that we term
he commanded me to wear I may say I was as glad of it as a dog that hath a clog for fear he should go into the vineyard and eat the grapes The Physician and Surgeon led me through the Camp to visit their hurt people where I took notice what our enemies did I perceived they had no more pieces of Cannon but twenty five or thirty pieces for the field Monsieur de Vandeville held Monsieur de Bauge prisoner the brother of Monsieur de Martigues who died at Hedin The said Lord of Bauge was prisoner in the Castle of the heap of wood belonging to the Emperor who had been taken at Therowenne by two Spanish Souldiers Now the said Lord of Vandeville having looked well upon him conceived he must be a Gentleman of some good house and to be the better assured he caused him to have his stockings pulled off and seeing his stockings and his feet clean and neat together with his fine white sock it confirmed him the better in his opinion that it was a man was able to pay some good ransome He demands of the Souldiers if they would take thirty Crowns for their prisoner and that he would give it to them presently to which they agreed willingly because they had neither means to keep him nor feed him besides they knew not his worth therefore they delivered their prisoner into the hands of the said Lord of Vandeville who presently sent him to the Castle of the heap of wood with a guard of four souldiers with other Gentlemen prisoners of ours The said Lord Bauge would not discover himself who he was and endured very much being kept but with bread and water and lay upon a little straw The said Lord of Vandeville after taking of Hedin sent word to the said Lord Bouge and other prisoners that the place of Hedin was taken and the list of those that had been slain and amongst the rest Monsieur de Martigues and when the said Lord of Bauge heard the sound of the death of his brother the Lord Martigues he began much to weep and lament his keeper demanded of him why he made so many and so great lamentations He declared unto tham thut it was for Monsieur de Martigues his brothers sake Having understood that the Captain of the Castle dispatchd a man away quickly to tell it to Monsieur de Vandeville that he had a good prisoner who having received this good news rejoyced greatly and the next day sent me with his Phyâ—icians and four Souldiers to the Wood-Cas le to know if this prisoner would give him fifteen thousand Crowns for a ransom so he would send him free to his own horse and for the present he desired but the security of two Merchants of Antwerp that he would name The said Lord Vandeville perswaded me that I would make his agreement with his prisoner See then why he sent me to the Wooden Castle and commanded the Captain of the Castle to use him well and to put him into a Chamber hung with Tapestry and that they should make the Guard more strong and from that time they made him good chear at his expence The answer of the said Lord of Bauge was that to put himself to ransome he was not able and that that depended upon Monsieur d' Estamps his Uncle and of Mistris de Bressuere his Aunt and he had not any means to pay such a ransome I returned with my keepers to the said Lord Vandeville and told him the answer of his said prisoner who told me perhaps he should not get out at so good a rate which was true for he was discovered And forthwith the Queen of Hungary and the Duke of Savoy sent word to the Lord Vandeville that this morsel was too great for him and that he must send him to them which he did and that he had enough prisoners besides him he was put to forty thousand Crowns ransom besides other expences Returning toward the said Lord Vandeville I passed by S. Omer where I saw their great pieces of battery whereof the greatest part was flawed and broken I came also by Therowenne where I did not see so much as stone upon stone unless the mark of a great Church For the Emperor gave commandment to the country people within five or six leagues about that they should empty and carry away the stones insomuch that now one may drive a cart over the City as is likewise done at Hedin without any appearance of Castle or Fortress See then the mischief which comes by the wars And to return to my purpose presently after my said Lord Vandeville was very well of his ulcer and little wanted of the entire cure which was the cause he gave me my leave and made me be conducted with a Pass-port by a Trumpet to Abbeville where I took post and went and found the King Henry my Master at Ausimon who received me with joy and a good countenance He sent for the Duke of Guise the high Constable of France and Monsieur d' Estrez to understand by me what had past at the taking of Hedin and I made him a faithful report and assured them I had seen the great pieces of Battery which they had carried to S. Omer Whereof the King was very joyful because he feared lest the enemy should come further into France He gave me two hundred Crowns to retire my self to my own house and I was very glad to be in liberty and out of this great torment and noise of thunder from the Diabolick artillery and far from the Souldâ—ers blasphemers and deniers of God I will not omit to tell here that after the taking of Hedin the King was advertised that I was not slain but that I was a prisoner which his Majesty caused to be written to my wife by Monsieur dn Gogular his chief Physician and that she should not be in any trouble of minde for me for that I was safe and well and that he would pay my ransom The battle of S. Quintin 1557. AFter the battel of S. Quintin the King sent for me to the Fere in Tartemis toward Monsieur the Marshal of Bourdillon to have a pass-port by the Duke of Savâ—y to go to dress Monsieur the Constable who was grievously hurt with a Pistol-shot in the back whereof he was like to dye and remained a prisoner in his enemies hands But the Duke of Savoy would not give consent that I should go to the said Lord Constable saying he would not remain without a Surgeon and that he doubted I was not sent only to dress him but to give him some advertisement and that he knew I understood something else beside Surgery and that he knew me to have been his prisoner at Hedin Monsieur the Marshal of Bourdillon advertised the King of the Dukes denial by which means the King writ to the said Lord of Bourdilloon that if my Lady the Lord high Constables wife did send any body of her house which
in the interspaces of the muscles and in the substance of them Likewise to the bones which caused a great corruption in the whole thigh from whence the vapors did arise and were carried to the heart which caused the syncope and the fever and the fever an universal heat through the whole body and by consequent depravation of the whole Oeconomy Likewise that the said vapors were communicated to the brain which caused the Epilepsie and trembling and to the stomach disdain and loathing and hindered it from doing its functions which are chiefly to concoct and digest the meat and to convert it into Chylus which not being concocted they ingender crudities and obstructions which makes that the parts are not nourished and by consequent the body dryes and grows lean and because also it did not do any exercise for every part which hath not his motion remaineth languid and atrophiated because the heat and spirits are not sent or drawn thither from whence follows mortification And to nourish and fatten the body frictions must be made universally through the whole body with warm linnen cloths above below and on the right side and left and round about to the end to draw the blood and spirits from within outward and to resolve any fuliginous vapors retained between the skin and the flesh thereby the parts shall be nourished and restored as I have heretofore said in the tenth book treating of the wounds of Gun-shot and we must then cease when we see heat and redness in the skin for fear of resolving that we have already drawn by consequent make it become more lean As for the ulcer which he hath upon his rump which came through his two long lying upon it without being removed which was the cause that the spirits could not flourish or shine in it by the means of which there should be inflammation aposteme and then ulcer yea with loss of substance of the subject flesh with a very great pain because of the nerves which are disseminated in this part That we must likewise put him in another soft bed and give him a clean shirt and sheets otherwise all that we could do would serve for nothing because that those excrements and vapors of the matter retained so long in his bed are drawn in by the Systole and Diastole of the Arteries which are disseminated through the skin and cause the spirits to change and acquire an ill quality and corruption which is seen in some that lye in a bed where one hath swet for the Pox who will get the Pox by the putrid vapors which shall remain soaking in the sheets and coverlets Now the cause why he could in no wise sleep and was as it were in a consumption t was because he ate little and did not do any exercise and because he was grieved with extreme pain For there is nothing that abateth so much the strength as pain The cause why his tongue was drye and fowl was through the vehemency of the heat of the fever by the vapors which ascended through the whole body to the mouth For as we say in a common proverb When the oven is well heat the throat feels it Having discoursed of the causes and accidents I said they must be cured by their contraries and first we must appease the pain making apertions in the thigh to evacuate the matter retained not evacuating all at a time for fear lest by a sudden great evacuation there might happen a great decay of spirits which might much weaken the patient and shorten his dayes Secondly to look to the great swelling and cold of his leg fearing lest it should fall into a Gangrene and that actual heat must be applied unto him because the potential could not reduce the intemperature de potentia ad actum for this cause hot briks must be applied round about on which should be cast a decoction of nerval herbs boyled in wine and vineger then wrapt up in some napkin and to the feet an earthen bottle filled with the said decoction stopt and wrapt up with some linnen cloths also that fomentations must be made upon the thigh and the whole Leg of a decoction made of Sage Rosemary Tyme Lavander flowers of Cammomile Melilot and red-Roses boiled in white-wine and a Lixivium made with Oke-ashes with a little Vineger and half an handful of salt This decoction hath vertue to attenuate incise resolve and drye the gross viscous humor The said fomentations must be used a long while to the end there may be a great resolution for being so done a long time together more is resolved then attracted because the humor contained in the part is liquified the skin and the flesh of the muscles is rarified Thirdly that there must be applied upon the rump a great emplaster made of the red desiccative and unguentum Comitissae of each equal parts incorporated together to the end to appease his pain and drye up the ulcer also to make bim a little down-pillow which might bear his rump aloft without leaning upon it Fourthly to refresh the heat of his kidnies one should apply the unguent called Refrigerans Galeni freshly made and upon the leaves of water-Lillies Then a napkin dipt in Oxucrate wrung and often renewed and for the corroboration and strengthening of his heart a refreshing medicine should be applied made with oyl of nenuphar and unguent of Roses and a little saffron distilled in Rose-vineger and Triacle spread upon a piece of Scarlet for the Syncope which proceeded from the debilitation of the natural strength troubling the brain Also he must use good nourishment full of juice as rere eggs Damask-prunes stewed in wine and sugar also Panado made of the broth of the great pot of which I have already spoken with the white fleshly parts of Capons and Patridg-wings minced small and other rost-meat easie of digestion as Veal Goat Pigeon Partridg and the like The sauce should be Orenges Verjuice Sorrel sharp Pomgranats and that he should likewise eat of them boiled with good herbs as Sorrâ—l Lettuce Purslain Succory Bugloss Marigolds and other the like At night he might use cleansed Barly with the juice of Nenuphar and Sorrel of each two ounces with five or six grains of Opium and of the four cold seeds bruised of eath half an ounce which is a remedy nourishing and medicinal which will provoke him to sleep that his bread should be of Messin neither too new nor too stale and for the great pain of his head his hair must be cut and rub his head with Oxyrrhâ—dinum luke-warm and leave a double-cloth wet therein upon it likewise should be made for him a frontal of oyl of Roses Nenuphar Poppies and a little opium and Rose-vineger and a little Champhire and to renew it sometimes Moreover one should cause him to smell to the flowers of Henbane and Nenuphar bruised with vineger rose-Rose-water and a little Camphir wrapped in a handkercher which shall be often and a long time
midriff the Coeliacal one then the upper Mesenterick the two emulgents as many spermatical ones at last the lower Mesenterick and the Lumbares or arteries of the loins Of these the Intercostals are scattered whilst the trunk is yet in the chest the rest whilst it passes on through the lowest belly But some of them accompany the branches of the gate-vein as the Coelicacal and both the Mesenterical arteries others those of the hollow vein as the rest Now we will treat of these in order beginning from the Intercostals or arteries between the ribs which are placed uppermost Presently therefore after the Descendent trunk Q is issued forth from its back-side it sends over little branches on both sides to the distances of the eight lower ribs which they call Intercostales inferiores Intercostales inferiores the arteries between the lower ribs the lower arteries between the ribs uuu in respect of the upper Intercostal of which we have spoken above These associating themselves with the veins and nerves of the same name go straight on by the lower side of the ribs where peculiar sinus or channels are cut out for them But as the Intercostal veins reach in the true ribs only to the gristles but in the bastard ones somewhat farther to wit to the sides of the abdomen so also the arteries end in them together with the bony parts of the ribs but in these run out a little farther And these arteries send over some propagations through the holes of the nerves to the spinal marrow and to the muscles that lye upon the rack-bones of the back just as we have said the Intercostal veins were propagated Their use But the use of them is to diffuse the vital spirit and the blood to the muscles betwixt the ribs besides which they have also another notable office to wit of carrying down the water and purulent matter that is gathered together in the chest into the great artery and from thence by the Emulgent branches to the bladder Although I am not ignorant that the most learned Fallopius and others who have read before me in this most famous University of Padua have shewn another way to their Auditors by which either purulent matter or water might be conveyed forth by help of the kidneys to wit the vein sine pari or without a companion a little branch whereof in the left side goes into the Emulgent of the left kidney But this way which we shew through the Intercostal arteries is by much the shorter that I pass by this that any matter heaped together may be more easily dispatcht away through the arteries then the veins Nor needs any one here to be afraid lest the vital spirits should be infected from these excrementitious and ill humurs whereby the heart may incurre fearful symptoms when we willingly grant which experience also hath often taught us that whilst the corrupt matter is emptied out by the urine the sick parties have often faln into fits of swounding and other diseases sometimes also have died suddenly when the peccant humor has been of too great a quantity or too bad a quality and has offered so much violence to nature that the heat and spirits have been over come therewith The explanation of a place in Hippocrates But here a certain place in Hippocrates calls upon me to explain it which has long and often troubled my minde The place is in Coacis praenotionibus where he says They who together with the heart have their whole lungs inflamed so that it falls to the side are deprived of motion all over and the parties so diseased lye cold senseless and dye the second or third day But if this happen to the lungs without the heart they live not so long Yet some also are preserved I have often thought with my self what should be that sympathy of the heart lungs with the brain and nerves that from the inflammation of those parts the patient should be so deprived of sense and motion all over when the same Hippocrates teacheth in the same place that the diseased suffer such deprivation in that part livid spots appear on the outside about the rib where-about the Aortae so he seems to call the lobes or division of the lungs being inflamed fall to the sides But if they be not much inflamed so that they fall not down to the side he sayes that there is a pain indeed all over but no deprivation of sense or motion nor any spots appear Having deliberated often with my self at length I came to be of this opinion that there was no other cause but the sympathy betwixt these Intercostal arteries and the marrow in the back-bone This sympathy arises from those propagations which we told you past through the holes of the rack-bones of the chest into the back-bone Wherefore if the lungs and heart be so mightily inflamed that great plenty of blood rush into the great artery whereupon it swels as also these vessels betwixt the ribs and consequently those surcles which go to the marrow of the back-bone truly it cannot be but that both the marrow and the nerves which issue out of it be comprest from whence what else can follow but the resolution of those parts into which those nerves are implanted to which they impart the faculty of motion This opinion seems to me to be wonderfully confirmed by a certain pretty observation which the learned Cornelius Gemma has in his book de hemititraeo pestilenti A certain studious young man sayes he through the whole course of his disease had his left eye less then the other He was paind in the left side especially all the time the fit raged but about the crisis or judication thereof the artery of his left leg being swoln up was moved according to its length that being to be seen by us it seemed to be turned upward and downward like a rope pull'd back Who will not here willingly confess that this matter was in the arteries when the crisis was made by them But from this that hath been said a reason may be also given of another observation of Galen which is l. 4 de locis affect c. 4. where he sayes thus In a certain man who was troubled with a vehement inflammation of the lungs as wel the outer as the inner parts of his arm from the cubit to the very ends of his fingers labour'd with difficulty of sense and their motion also was somewhat empair'd In the same man also the nerves which are in the first and second distances betwixt the ribs sustained harm And a little after This man was quickly restored to his health to wit a medicine being applyed to the place from whence the nerves issue forth near to the first and second spaces betwixt the ribs By reason of the same branches betwixt the ribs John Valeriola the son of that Physitian whose observations we have being yet a boy suffered Convulsion-fits in a grievous Pleurisie The arteries
four ounces of Basilicon two ounces three yelks of egs oil of Lillies two ounces Treacle one dram let it be received on stupes and applied in like manner Or take of Diachylon and Basilicon of each two ounces oil of Lillies one ounce and an half let them be melted and mixed tegether and let it be applyed as is abovesaid When you see feel and know according to reason that the Bubo is come to perfect suppuration it must be opened with an incision-knife Why it is best to open a plague sore with a potential cautery or an actual or potential Cautery but it is best to be done with a potential Cautery unless that happily there be great inflammation because it doth draw the venom from beneath unto the superficial parts and maketh a larger orifice for the matter that is contained therein neither must it be looked for that nature should open it of her self for then there were danger that lest while nature doth work slowly a venomous vapour should be stirred up which striking the heart by the arteries the brain by the nerves and the liver by the veins should cause a new increase of the venomous infection For fear whereof there be some that will not expect the perfect maturation and suppuration but as it were in the midst of the crudity and maturity will make an orifice for it to pass forth at yet if it be done before the tumour be at his perfect maturity pain a Fever and all accidents are stirred up and enraged whereof cometh a malign ulcer that often degenerates into a Gangrene For the most part about the tenth or eleventh day the work of suppuration seemeth perfected and finished but it may be sooner or later by reason of the application of medicines the condition of the matter and state of the part when the matter cometh forth you must yet use suppurative and mollifying medicines to maturate the remains thereof in the mean while clensing the ulcer by putting mundificatives into it as we shall declare in the cure of Carbuncles But if the tumor seem to sink in How to draw forth a sore that sâ—ems to go in again or hide it self again it must be revoked and procured to come forth again by applying of Cupping glasses with scarification and with sharp medicines yea and with Cauteries both actual and potential When the Cauteries are applied it shall be very good to apply a vesicatory a little below it that there might be some passage open for the venom while the Eschar is in falling away For so they that are troubled with the French-Pox so long as they have open and flowing ulcers so long are they void of any pain that is worth the speaking of which ulcers being closed and cicatrized they do presently complain of great pain If you suspect that the Bubo is more malign by reason that it is of a green or black and inflamed colour as are those that come of a melancholick humour by adustion turned into a gross and rebellious melancholick humour so that by the more copious influx thereof into the part there is a danger of a gangrene and mortification then the places about the abscess must be armed with repercussives When repercussives may be applyed but not the abscess it self and this may be the form of the repercussives Take of the juice of Hous-leek Purslain Sorâ—el Night-shade or each two ounces of Vinegar one ounce the whites of three eggs of oil of Roses and water-Lillies of each two ounces and a half stir them together apply it about the Bubo and renew it often or boil a Pomgranat in vinegar beaâ— it with Vnguentum Rosatum or Populeon newly made and apply it as is aforesaid If these things do not stop the influx of other humors the abscess it self and the places about it must be scarified round about if the part will permit it that the part exorerated of portion of the venom may not stand in danger of the extinction of the proper and natural heat by the greater quantity and malignity of the humors that flow unto it In scaâ—ifying you must haâ—e care of great vessels for fear of an irrepugnable flux of blood which in this case Why too much bleeding is to be feared is very hard to be stayed or resisted both because the part it self is greatly inflamed and the humor very fierce for the expulsion whereof nature careful for the preservation of the part and all the body besides seemeth to labour and worke But yet you must suffer so much of the blood and humor to flow out as the patient is able to abide without the loss of his strength Moreover you may spend forth the superfluous portion of the malignity with relaxing mollifying and resolving fomentations as Take the roots of Marsh-Mallows Lillies and Elecampane of each one pound of Line-seeds and Fenugreek of each one ounce of Fennel-seeds and Anise-seeds of each half an ounce of the leaves oâ— Rue Sage Rosemary of each one handful of Camomile and Melilot-flowers of each three handfuls boil them all together and make thereof a decoction for a fomentation use it with a sponge according to Art Also after the aforesaid scarification we may put Hens or Turkies that lay egs which therefore have their fundaments more wide and open and for the same purpose put a little salt into their fundaments upon the sharp top of the Bubo that by shutting their bills at several times they may draw and suck the venom into their bodies far more strongly and better then cupping-glasses because they are endued with a natural property against poyson for they eat and concoct Toads Efts and such like virulent beasts when one Hen is killed with the poyson that shee hath drawn into her body you must apply another and then the third fourth fifth and sixt within the space of half an hour There be some that will rather cut them or else use whelps cut asunder in the midst and applyed warm to the place that by the heat of the creature that is yet scarce dead portion of the venom may be dissipated and exhaled But if nevertheless there be any fear of a Gangrene at hand you must cut the flesh with a deeper scarification not only avoiding the great vessels but also the nerves for fear of convulsion and after the scarification and a sufficient flux of blood you must wash it with Aegyptiacum Treacle and Mithridate dissolved in sea-water aqua vitae and Vinegar For such a lotion hath virtue to stay putrefaction repel the venom and prohibit the blood from concretion but if the Gangrene cannot be avoided so cauteries may be applyed to the part especially actual because they do more effectually repel the force of the poyson and strengthen the part Presently after the impression of the hot Iron Liniments to hasten the falling away of the Eschar the Eschar must be cut away even unto the quick-flesh that the venomous vapours and
tail but I making large dilatation of her womb could see no such thing only we observed a certain voluntary motion whereof she her self was the author by contracting and dilating the muscles of the lower belly Which when as we had observed perceiving the deceit and imposture we thought good so to terrifie her and make her confess the deceit to tell her that she must take another but that a more strong purgation that what we could not do by the former as more gentle we might attain to by the later as far stronger She dissembling all fear and conscious of her craft and dissimulation after we were gone in the evening packing up her stuff and a great deal more then her own she secretly stole away not bidding her hostess farewell and thus ar length the fraud was apparent to the loss of the honest Gentlewoman I saw this baggage six daies after sitting lustily upon a Pack-horse at the gate Montmartrae and laughing heartily with such as brought Sea-fish to Town and she was returning as it war most likely into her country seeing her cozenage was discovered here The craft of such as feign themselves to have the falling sickness Of such as feign themselves leprous Such as feign themselves dumb draw back and double their tongues in their mouths Such as falling down counterfeit the falling sickness binde straitly both their wrests with plates of iron tumble and rowl themselves in the mire sprinkle and defile their heads and faces with beasts blood and shake their limbs and whole body Lastly by putting sope into their mouths they foam at the mouth like those that have the falling sickness Othersome with flour make a kinde of glue wherewith they besmeare their whole bodies as if they had that Leprosie or Scab that is vulgarly termed Malum sancti manis Neither must we think this art of counterfeiting and cheating begging to be new and of late invention for long ago it flourished in Asia even in the time of Hippocrates as may appear by his book De Aere Locis Aquis But by how much this disease hath taken more deep root and grown more inveterate by process of time by so much it must more diligently and carefully be looked to and prevented by cruelly punishing such counterfeits for that by this feighned begging as the nourisher of sloth and shop of all dishonesty that which is taken from the good is bestowed upon the ill and one wicked and counterfeit begger hurts all other wretched people CHAP. XIX Of strange or monstrous accidents in Diseases WHat monstrousness soever was in the last mentioned parties it was made up by the craft of beggars for filthy gain But if there be any monstrousners in the following narrations it is of nature but working as it were miraculously by some secret and occult means Monsters happen also in disâ—ases A bullet shot into the belly came forth at the fundament for thus there are ofttimes monsters in diseases Before the town of St. John de Angeley a souldier called Francis of the company of Captain Muret was wounded with a Harquebuz-shot on the belly between his navel and sides the bullet was not taken out because the Surgeons who searched him diligently could not finde it wherefore he was troubled with grievous and tormenting pains untill the ninth day after he received the wound the bullet came forth at his fundament wherefore within three weeks after he was perfectly whole He was healed by Simon Crinay the Surgeon of the French companies A bullet sticking in the throat and the patient recovering James Pope Lord of St. Albans in Dauphine was wounded at the Skirmish at Chasenay haveing three harquebuz-bullets entring into his body one whereof pierced under his throat where it buncheth out as with a knot neer to the pipe of his lungs even to the beginning of the vertebrae of the neck in which place the leaden bullet stuck and as yet doth remain Hereupon he was afflicted with many and fearful symptoms as a fever and a great swelling of his whole neck so that for ten whole daies he could swallow nothing but broaths and liquid things Yet he recovered Lib. 3. anatom cap. 9 A crooked â—ron shâ—t into the back came forth at the fundament A swa lowed needle voided by uâ—ine A needle running in at the buâ—tock came forth at the groin and remaineth well at this present by the cure of James Dalam the Surgeon Alexander Benedictus makes mention of a certain country-man who shot into the back with a dart drawing out the shaft the head was left behind being in length about the bredth of two fingers but hooked and sharp on the sides When as the Surgeon had carefully and diligently sought for it and could by no means find it he healed up the wound but two months after this crooked head came forth at his fundament The same author telleth that at Venice a virgin swallowed a needle which some two years after she voided by urine covered over with a stony matter gathered about viscous humors Catherine Perlan the wise of Williaem Guerrier a Draper of Paris dwelling in the Jewry as she rode on hors-back into the country a needle out of her pin-cushion got under her by accident ran so deep into her right buttock that it could not by any art or force be plucked forth Four months after she sent for me to come to her and she told me that as often as she had to do with her husband she suffered extreme pricking pain in her right groin putting my hand thereto as I felt it my fingers met with something sharp and hard wherefore I used the matter so that I drew forth the needle all rusty this may be accounted a miracle that steel naturally heavy should rise upwards from the buttock to the groin and pierce the muscles of the thigh without causing an abscess A needle in the midst of a stone taken forth of the bladdeâ— Anno Dom. 1566. the two sons of Laurence Collo men excellent in cutting for the stone took forth a stone of the bigness of a Wall-nut in the midst whereof was a needle just like those that shoo-makers use the Patients name was Peter Cocquin dwelling in the street Galand at the place called Maubert at Paris and I think he is yet living This stone was shewed to King Charls the ninth for the monstrousness of the thing I being then present which being given me by the Surgeon I preserve amongst my other rarities The figure of a Stone taken forth of the bladder of a Confectioner Anno Dom. 1570. the Dutchess of Ferrara at Paris sent for John Collo to take a stone out of a Confectioner This stone though it weighed nine ounces and was as thick as ones fist yet was it happily taken out the patient recovering Francis Rousset and Joseph Javelle the Dutchess Physicians being present Yet not long after this Confectioner died by the stoppage of his water
by reason of two other little stones which about to descend from the kidnies to the bladder stayed in the midway of the Ureters The figure of the extracted stone was this Anno Dom. 1569 Laurence Collo the younger took three stones out of the bladder of one dwelling at Marly called commonly Tire-vit because being troubled with the stone from the tenth year of his age he continually scratched his yard each of the stones were as big as an hens egg of colour white they all together weighed twelve ounces When they were presented to King Charles then lying at Saint Maure des Faussez he made one of them to be broken with a hammer and in the middest thereof there was found another of a chesnut colour but otherwise much like a Peach stone These three stones bestowed on me by the brethren I hare here represented to the life The effigies of the three fore-mentioned stones whereof one is broken I have in the dissecting of dead bodies observed divers stones of various forms and figures as of pigs whelps and the like Dalechampius telleth that he saw a man which by an abscess of his loins which turned to a Fistula voided many stones out of his kidnies and yet notwithstanding could endure to ride on horseback or in a coach John Magnus the Kings most learned and skilful Physician having in cure a woman troubled with cruel torment and pains of the belly and fundament sent for me that by putting a Speculum into the fundament A stone by the force of purging mâ—dicines voided by the fundament he might see if he could perceive any discernable cause of so great and pertinacious pain and when as he could see nothing which might further him in the finding out of the cause of her pain following reason as a guide by giving her often glysters and purgations he brought it so to pass that she at length voided a stone at her fundament of the bigness of a Tennis-ball which once avoided all her pain ceased Hippocrates tells that the servant of Dyseris in Larissa when she was young in using venery 5. Epid. A stone coming out of the neck of the womb was much pained and yet sometimes wâ—thout pain yet she never conceived But when as she was sixty years old she was pained in the after-noon as if she had been in labor When as she one day before noon had eaten many leeks afterward she was taken with a most violent pain far exceeding all her former and she felt a certain rough thing rising up in the orifice of her womb But she falling into a swound another woman putting in her hand got out a sharp stone of the bigness of a whirl and then she forthwith became well and remained so Lib. 1. cap. de palp cond In a certain woman who as Hollerius tells for the space of four months was troubled with an incredible pain in making water two stones were found in her heart with many abscesses her kidnyes and bladder being whole Anno Dom. 1558. I opened in John Bourlier a Tailor dwelling in the street of St. Honorè a watry abscess in his knee wherein I found a stone white hard and smooth of the thickness of an Almond No part of the body wherein stones may not be found which being taken out he recovered Certainly there is no part of the body wherein stones may not breed and grow Anthony Benevenius a Florentine Physician writes that a certain woman swallowed a brass needle without any pain A needle swallowed came forth at the navel some two years after and continued a year after without feeling or complaining of it but at the end theteof she was molested with great pains in her belly for helping of which she asked the advice of all the Physicians she could making in the interim no mention of the swallowed needle Wherefore she had no benefit by all the medicines she took and she continued in pain for the space of two years untill at length the needle came forth at a little hole by her navel and she recovered her health A sprig of gras swallowed came forth whole again between the ribs A Scholar named Chambelant a native of Bourges a student in Paris in the Colledge of Presse swallowed a stalk of grass which came afterwards whole out between two of his ribs with the great danger of the Scholars life For it could not come there unless by passing or breaking through the lungs the encompassing membrane and the intercostal muscles yet he recovered Fernelius and Haguet having him in cure A knife swallowed came forth at an abscess in the groin Cabrolle Chirurgian to Mounsieur the Marshall of Anville told me that Francis Guillenet the Chirurgian of Sommiers a small village some eight miles from Mompelier had in cure and healed a certain Shepherd who was forced by theeves to swallow a knife of the length of half a foot with a horn handle of the thickness of ones thumb he kept it the space of half a yeer yet with great pain and he fell much away but yet was not in a consumption untill at length an abscess rising in his groin with great store of very stinking quitture the knife was there taken forth in the presence of the Justices and left with Joubert the Physician of Mompelier The point of a sword swallowed came forth at the fundament Mounsieur the Duke of Rohan had a Fool called Guido who swallowed the point of a sword of the length of three fingers and he voided it at his fundament on the twelfth day following yet with much ado there are yet living Gentlemen of Britany who were eye-witnesses thereof There have been sundry women with childe who have so cast forth piece-meal children that have died in their wombs Wonderful excretions of infants out of the womb as that the bones have broke themselves a passage forth at the navel but the flesh dissolved as it were into quitture flowed out by the neck of the womb and the fundament the mothers remaining alive as Dalechampius observes out of Albucrasis Is it not very strange that there have been women who troubled with a fit of the Mother have lien three whole daies without motion Women troubled with the Mother laid out for dead An impostume spit out of the bigness of a Pigeons egg without breathing or pulse that were any way apparent and so have been carried out for dead A certain young man as Fernelius tells by somewhat too vehement exercise was taken with such a cough that it left him not for a moment of time untill he therewith had cast forth a whole impostume of the bigness of a pigeons egg wherein being opened there was found quitture exquisitely white and equal He spit blood two daies after had a great fever and was much distempered yet notwithstanding he recovered his health Worms cast up in the fit of an Ague Anno Dom. 1578. Stephana Chartier dwelling at St.