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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51184	Remarkable addresses by way of embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Emperor of Japan Containing a description of their several territories, cities, temples, and fortresses; their religions, laws, and customs; their prodigious vvealth, and gorgeous habits; the nature of their soil, plants, beasts, hills, rivers, and fountains: with the character of the ancient and modern Japanners. Collected out of their several writings and journals by Arnoldus Montanus. English'd, and adorn'd with a hundred several sculptures, by John Ogilby Esq; His Majesties cosmographer, geographick printer, and master of the revels in the Kingdom of Ireland.; Gedenkwaerdige gesantschappen der Oost-Indische maatschappy in 't Vereenigde Nederland, aan de Kaiseren van Japan. English.	Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683.; Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie.; United Provinces of the Netherlands.	1671 (1671)	Wing M2486A; ESTC R218646	565,250	480

supinely slothful that the Women do all the business of the Field Plough Sowe and Reap having neither Horses nor any other Cattel to help them the Drudgery being the more because they make it Gardners work for onely with Shoes they dig and turn the Glebe and where their Corn grows thickest especially Rice they pluck it out with their Hands and set it where they find the Blades come up thinner and in Harvest knowing neither Scythe nor Sickle which tries their patience cropping it with a Tool like a Pruning-Knife Stalk by Stalk a Span below the Ear which without Threshing they store up in their Houses How they order their Rice hanging it in the Evening in small Bundles over the Fire and early in the Morning the Women rise and Pound so much as will serve them that day for their lazy Lord and Family Besides Rice and other Grain they sowe Carrots Set Water-Melons Pinang Quach Taraum and Pting This Isle is not stor'd with such Wines as other Places in India have which their Trees produce but they have another sort of Liquor that inebriates no less than the Indian or Juice of the Spanish Grape which they prepare in this manner They take a quantity of Rice which they put in a Vessel made for that purpose and boyl it then turning it out they knead it into little Balls or Pellets when they are well chew'd they put it into another Pot there letting it stand till grown sowre to this they pour a good quantity of spring-Spring-water which being so put together works a Moneth or two for so long it will ferment which done it becomes a clear pleasant wholsom and strong Liquor the longer they keep it the better it grows Strange Liquor in Formosa for it will hold good thirty years The top of this Liquor is thin and clear the bottom or sedement thick like our Pap the thin makes their Drink with which they often Fuddle the thick makes their Cawdle to recover which they eat with Spoons after their Recovery This they carry with them to the Field and take a Dose thereof when they think fit and thus yearly they spend most part of their Rice The Women Fish and Till The Women when their Cultivation or Land-work is done then they betake themselves to the Sea and Launch out their Boats which they call Champans and fall to Fishing where they catch great store of Crabs Oysters and Gurnets which they Salt without Gutting and therefore though Pickled keep not long but are apt to putrifie and breed Worms yet they like it never the worse but look upon their Dish as the greater Dainty the rancker the Hogoe Their Youths though strong and of able Bodies spend their time in idleness and sloth and when forty years old then they settle themselves to Laziness as if it were a Trade or Handicraft spending twenty years in a methodical doing of nothing in a small Hut or Hovel dandling their Children or Dalliance with their Wives seldom or never stirring out of their own Limits or Patch of Ground unless invited either to a private or publick Feast or Hunting-Matches in which Pleasure they take some pains using several Several woys of Hunting and indeed ingenious ways to catch the Game sometimes practising deceit laying Snares and Traps of complicated Rushes and Reeds so artificially that they look fresh as if growing and ungather'd setting them in the Haunts of wild Boars Lays of Deers and the like and so catch them wondering who made their new Lodges and Beds so soft and lay Meshes in other inviting places which if they take not willingly nor observe such allurements they drive them in Where they also make them their Prey and they trepan them into Pits digg'd and spread over with a light Swarth or Turf of Grass supported with brittle Twigs laid athwart the Holes here to make them sure from getting out they place a Snare which suddenly arrests them taking them Prisoners by the Neck or Legs and then they with a shout fall upon the so taken Quarry Strange manner of Hunting in Fira●d● Besides this they use Hostility and open Arms whole Villages march out together nay two or three Townships joyning their Forces taking the Field where drawn out in a single File they stretch a Ring which extends four or five English Miles in compass every one brandishing in each Hand a Javelin some carrying three or four thus all prepar'd with a rally of Hounds they rouse the Prey then contracting their wide Circumference by degrees into a narrower and narrower Circuit closing up at last Man to Man Shoulder this done if any one of their thrown Spears hit and fallen in the Body of the Game they never lose him for their Launces being short not above six Foot long and Pointed with Iron having three retorted Hooks stick so fast that though flying to shelter amongst the Bushes and Shrubs will not when impeded by intangling Branches drop out and also having ty'd at the But-end of the Staff a long String with a Bell so that if by chance the Beast thus imparked break the Pail yet they never lose him for they follow not onely by the scent but by the sound both which seldom fail They use also Arrows especially when they Hunt wild Deer The remainder of the slain Venison Venison how eaten when they have Feasted themselves they barter for Clothing and Raiment with the China's seasoning with Salt the Humbles to keep for their own private Store but if by chance they kill a pregnant Doe they unlace her and Feasting upon the Slinck eat up Skin and all The Formosan Mens Exercises and their manner of Fighting To this their Manly Divertisements and Exercises of Saiha pleasing Labor as pursuing their Game they have also rougher work and serious engagements which when successful brings no less delight to such a barbarous People that is a Civil War antient Feuds or fresh Animosities still upon new occasions fermenting so that Town against Town and Village against Village all the Countrey over are in open Hostility either publick Slaughter or private Murder being their Sports which thus they carry on First one Town begins sending the other a bold Defiance this is follow'd by twenty or thirty in a Party which Row in their Boats or Champans to their Enemies Village near which they lie as if in Ambuscade till Night then growing dark they Landing march up and down and explore the Fields culling out private Huts and such like Houses where the Graver sort the Married People as we said before at their ease and pleasure dwell Those that be thus supinely careless they suddenly surprise and off goes their Heads Hands and Feet sometimes more cruelly they slice out their whole Bodies each one carrying a Collup in triumph home as an evidence that he had no small share in that bloody Slaughter but as they suppose honorable Action But finding no small Game or such single

call'd Oets The way which directed thither was between high Mountains on both sides built with Houses one side appearing a stately Fort rais'd on the Promontory of a River In Oets the Ambassadors stay'd some hours to refresh themselves then going forward they went through Jesi a Wall'd City Jesi to which leads an even Path each side beset with pleasant Trees at the end of which Lane stands a Village wash'd by the Water on whose Promontory the Castle Oets is built The Water in this Place makes two Inlets or Greeks over the one a small Wooden Bridge and over the other a Bridge of two hundred and thirty Steps long Japan Beggars ¶ THis Road is much pester'd with Beggars as most Ways of Japan are which commonly have a great many Children with them These poor People carry a Dish in their Hands in which they receive and gather Alms. The Women carry a Budget or Bag and a Callibash which hangs before them and under that their Purse Oftentimes whole Generations of them banish'd by the Emperor from the Cities Range all over the Countrey with their Wives and Children The antient People and Infants they carry in square Baskets which they make fast to the Horns of two Oxen one going before and another behind the rest lead the way and follow Singing Songs and Sonnets of the valiant Acts of the antient Japan Hero's and so passing by several Houses of which the Inhabitants in reward for their Singing bountifully bestow Alms upon them ¶ THe Netherlanders departing from Jesi came towards the Evening over a steep and scraggy Mountain into the Village Cusatz Here grow the best sort of Canes This Place produces the best sort of Japan Canes or Sticks The young Sprigs fill'd with sweet Juice are tough and full of Joints each distinguish'd at equal distance by a round Knot being small at bottom and thick on the top These Canes they use in stead of Ropes to tie with The use and description of them and also make Cables of them for their greatest Ships which last longer than those of Hemp. They also make all manner of Baskets and Hampers of these Canes which are much stronger than the Europeans that are Pleited of Twigs and two Pieces of the said Cane being rubb'd hard together serve in stead of a Flint and Steel for to strike Fire with Fruit-bearing Canes There is a sort of these Canes which bears a sharp Fruit the Shell of a Chesnut colour thorny and full of streaks which grow athwart one another and is about the bigness of a small Apple or Crab on each Bough from the top to the bottom in stead of Leaves are small knotted Branches which being very tough are Pleited together like a Rope The longest of these bears the Fruit which hangs just at the end thereof in a Cluster of six or seven Cods together each containing a hard Kernel out of which they press Oyl of a peculiar Vertue for the curing of Wounds and therefore much us'd by the Slaves to heal those cruel Blows which oftentimes they receive from their Masters with those Canes till the Blood runs down their Backs Moreover there are another sort which grow about Cusatz shooting up from the Roots of small Trees which spread themselves Pleited together a great way ¶ BEfore day-light the Ambassadors proceeded forward in their Journey and ere the Sun appear'd Itzibe they were got to the Village Itzibe About two Leagues beyond Itzibe they Ferry'd over the River Jocatangauwa and about ten a Clock they came to Minacutz Here a strong Castle stands for the securing of the Road which leads to Meaco To Minabutz guides an even Way on both sides Planted with shading Trees and border'd with Rice-Fields as far as they could discern Japan above all other Countreys abounds in Rice Japan Rice and produces much better than any other Place in India whose Coasts it not onely supplies but also all Europe in a plentiful manner they Mowe it in September the whitest sort bearing the higest Price that which is brown growing in Begu and Sian is of a far less value In Japan as also in all India are no Mills to Grind any manner of Corn wherefore they Bake no Bread after our European manner Their Rice serves them in stead of Bread but is boyl'd in Water and brought to their Tables like Pap or Pudding The Rice which is not kneaded but in Lumps is very unwholsom and occasions the griping in the Bowels and weak Eyes They also Roast their Rice after that it is boyl'd making it in Cakes Father Xaverius relates that travelling through Japan he sustain'd himself a long time by those Cakes of Rice which the Japanners call'd Arela carrying some of them with him in his Sleeves The Rice when growing hath a fatty thick Leaf not unlike those of Housleek but broader shooting up half a Yard from the Ground with a Purple-colour'd Flower and a double Root Plinius affirms that the Indians made Oyl of Rice but at present not onely in Japan but in all India they make a very strong Liquor of it The Mountain Coetsecajamma ¶ THe Hollanders leaving Minacutz encountred with that high Mountain call'd Coetsecajamma where they found much trouble in carrying over their Goods and Package yet at last getting through Zintzsamma and Sacca they came to Sicconoziro where they rested all Night An hour before day-light the next Morning the Moon shining the Ways and Rivers also Frozen very hard they proceeded forward in their Journey where afar off they espy'd a costly Edifice Castle Cammiammi being the Castle Cammiammi rising aloft with very high Turrets The Walls built of Free-stone fortifi'd the Castle in such a manner that it seem'd able to endure a hard Siege Beyond this Fortress appears a large Village About two Leagues farther they entred the Town Isacutz PLACE = marg Isacutz and whilst they were there at Dinner some Rusticks came and offer'd them Provisions to sell being Clothed as the ordinary Citizens or Burgers Description of the Japan Rusticks Riding through the Countrey on Buffles having a Hook in his Nose which being made fast to a Chain and coming about his Ears and between his Horns serves them for a Bridle The Women wear Clogs under their Feet which have a Knob that sticks between their great and second Toe to keep them close to their Feet they wear a kind of short Boots or Buskins which they fasten with Strings athwart one another ¶ FRom Isacutz the Ambassadors travell'd through Zono Ojebakitz Owaka Isacutz Jokeitz and Tonuda to Quana The City Quana In the closing of the Evening they entred the City which above all Places in Japan is most artificially built and surrounded with strong Walls on one side fortifi'd with a large Castle all of hewn Stone whose Turrets are seen at a great distance The City Piongo ruin'd by Wars and Earthquakes ¶ ABout half way

Ground heats and causes the Water to boyl as if a Pot hung over a Flame But that Opinion is not grounded on Reason for it is the nature of Fire being inclos'd in Caves under Ground to break forth with great rage if it hath the least vent Here also it is to be observ'd That the Fire dries up the Water or the Water extinguishes the Fire so soon as the one gets the Mastery of the other So that without contradiction the force of the Fire must either dry up the flowing Waters and consume the Earth underneath to Ashes or else the Water which has pass'd through it so many Ages must needs have quench'd the Fire For who will believe that Water and Fire are of one force and power under Ground and so agreeable in Nature that the one should not extinguish the other Moreover where is there any scalding Waters by burning Sulphurous places yet if it be any where it must be there The Italians reckon little less the fifty boyling Waters but not one of them by which any fire hath been found The Mountains Vesuvius Aetna Hecla and others which continually belch out hideous Smokes into the Air and sometimes horrible Flames yet produce no manner of hot moysture The best reason of the hotness of the waters But the wisest Philosophers judge the occasion of the heat in Sulphurous Waters to proceed from the swift motion with which it pours down from steep descents into the Crevises of the Earth and so still running forwards that it becomes hotter and hotter for experience learns us that a quick motion occasions heat This reason seems to our stupid judgments to be nearest the truth yet we must herein acknowledge a great ignorance and a Bridle for our understanding which seems to be wanting and stops as amaz'd at such mysteries Who can disclose the reason why the Fountain near Matilga a City of the Garamantes hath from Noon to Midnight Water boyling hot which from Midnight to Noon is as cold as Ice as Augustin Isidorus and Pliny witness why the Fountain Consecrated to Jupiter Hammon as Diodorus Salinus Amianus Lucretius Plin. lib. Hist 5. cap. 5. Wonders of waters and Pliny thus relate changeth also hot and cold of which Ovid saith Horn'd Hamon's Water in the Morning hot And at the Evening boyling like a Pot Yet from what reason to the Learn'd unknown Grows Chill like Snow and cold as Ice at Noon Who will dive with his judgement into the Mysteries which the Territories of Epirus manifest by a strange Fountain which not onely lights a Torch when held to it but also puts out one that is lighted What man will find out the reason that a Lake in a Jewish Plantation if Isidorus deserves to be credited drys up Sabbatical River or rather stands still every Sabbath day And why the Fountain of the Hill Anthracius when it overflows signifies Plenty and by its scarcity of Water as is to be seen by Pliny foretels Famine Those that are tortur'd with Singoks water Apostatize ¶ BUt to return to those miserable Wretches at Singok who when they began to pant for Breath by reason of their unsufferable Pain were deliver'd up to Chirurgeons to prolong their Lives to enable them to more sufferings for so soon as they recover'd any strength they were sure again to be brought to Singok They spent most part of August in this cruel Persecution insomuch that all those which resolv'd to be constant became Apostates except one Youth who scarce had attain'd the eighteenth year of his age was the onely person that dy'd under the hands of the merciless Torturers Horrible cruelties inflicted on the Japan women The Women generally suffer'd more than the Men for besides dropping Singoks Water upon them they drove the Maids stark naked along the Streets forcing them to creep on their Hands and Feet and causing them to be publickly ravish'd The Widows they stripp'd of their Clothes provoking their Sons to commit Adultery with them some Women they held fast by their arms and legs under Stone-Horses so committing all the outrages of Sodom they forc'd the Children to pour Singoks Water on their Parents and the Parents on the Children standing close together betwixt Stakes drove round about them some of the Women suffer'd no less by shame than other by torture their Privities being stuft full of Flax and Hemp with which also they ty'd up the young Mens Members and the Daughters were forc'd to set fire of the heaps of Wood which were to consume their Fathers Several hundreds went in companies ranging up and down in the Woods all Stigmatiz'd on their Fore-heads every one being commanded on pain of death not to give them any sustenance Tortures with water In several places near the Sea-side many Inclosures were erected in which they lock'd up whole Families which at low Water sate dry but at the time of Flood above half way in the Salt-Water these having leave to eat and drink Of Children with their Parents liv'd generally twelve or thirteen days Moreover the Parents were hoodwink'd whilst their Children which were miserably tortur'd night and day cry'd Fathers and Mothers take pity of us forsake the Christian Religion it is impossible to endure these cruel Torments which doleful cry took such deep impression into some of their hearts that for meer grief they dy'd Several had their Nails par'd off Inhumane cruelties others had their Arms and Legs boar'd thorow with Drill-Irons which occasion'd great pain also they fill'd some of their Bellies with Water which they pour'd into them through a Tunnel then being laid on their backs on the ground the Executioners stamp'd upon them so vehemently that they made them disgorge the same through their Mouths Noses and Ears After these kind of Cruelties they us'd another more barbarous placing the Martyrs on a Bench bending their Arms across on their breasts they made their bodies fast behind to a Post and then drove betwixt the Nails of their Hands and Feet sharp Spikes which tortures they renew'd five six or more days together Moreover they plac'd some Women in a large Coope full of Snakes and Serpents which crept into their Privities eating up their Bowels Hanging them up by the legs an intollerable pain for the Japanners But amongst all the tortures the most cruel was hanging them by their Legs on a Gallows with their Heads down in a Well over which a Gibbet was plac'd and at the end thereof a Block was made fast through which a Rope was drawn and ty'd to the Legs of the sufferer who being thus ty'd was let down with his Head into the Well so low that his Feet appear'd just on the top thereof In the Heads of those that hung several Wounds were cut cross-wise to the end the bloud might by degrees drop out and not overwhelm their hearts some liv'd five six nay more days before they gave up the Ghost Francis Caron relates

Obligations Seal'd with a Cup of Wine may not be broke The cutting of their Bellies is perform'd in the following manner He that is to perform the Office invites his nearest Relations into a Temple the middle thereof cover'd with Mats where they have a Noble Treat at which are some of the prime Bonzies after having Eat and Drunk their fill he cuts his Belly athwart so that his Bowels and all his Entrails come gushing out upon the Floor Some that are a little wiser besides ripping open their Bowels cut their own Throats and the more they Massacre themselves the greater Honor they gain This kind of Dying with their Lords is very ancient for it was a Custom in Gallia before the Birth of our Savior Julius Caesar relates That the Soldurii bound themselves to their Lords in like manner as the Japanners Japan servants suffer themselves to be bury'd alive under a Wall Moreover they maintain a second Custom of Self-Murder When a Prince by the Emperors Command or for his own safety is to build a Castle or strong Wall his Servants intreat him to let them have the honor to lie under the Foundation imagining that such Walls built on living Men are invincible And why so that there is scarce any great Building to be found but the Foundation thereof is laid upon one Man or more Strange manner of execution in Japan Each Lord is Judge over his own Servants there is scarce any Crime but they suffer death for it as for Stealing the value of a Farthing or Playing for Money for which Offences he onely that hath committed them dies otherwise for greater Faults his nearest Relations also die with him Those Crimes which they account great are to break the Emperors Command viz. unjust Dealings of Judges plac'd by the Emperor falsifying his Coyn setting Houses a Fire running away with Marry'd Women for all which Offences a whole Family is destroy'd yet the Women making their innocency known often escape with Life The Goods of the Condemn'd are deliver'd to Officers which preserve the same to repair Temples Bridges and mend the High-ways Their Punishments are several according to the greatness of the Crime ripping open their Bowels being onely granted to Persons of Quality and for small Offences for at other times they Burn them Roast them alive Boil them in Oil or Water or else pull them asunder by four Bulls with their Heads hanging down But when the Emperor dies all Criminals are set at liberty through all Japan in one day and hour and the Poof and Needy receive Money that they may take something in hand whereby to live Very remarkable Voyage of Henry Schaep ¶ THe Japanners very False and Treacherous which their Qualities may partly appear by what happen'd to Henry Cornelizoon Schaep a Merchant and a Factor William Bylevelt sent in the Bresken's Ketch with the Fly Boat Castrecom by the East-India Council at Batavia to discover by the East of Japan the Northern Coasts of Tartary The River Polisange the West-most part of America and the rich Gold and Silver Islands On the third of February Anno 1643. the two Vessels set Sail. The Ketch Breskens happen'd about the latter end of July to get into an Inlet on the East Coast of Japan Falls on Japan lying in forty Degrees North Latitude before a Village inhabited by Fishers The Sea-men obtain'd liberty to Barter some Netherland Commodities for Rice and other Provisions Are kindly entertain'd there A Japan Noble happening to come Aboard invited the Captain and other Officers to his House to a Dinner where according to promise he kindly entertain'd them furnishing them with all manner of Herbs and other Provisions and free liberty to come ashore and go when they plea'd Against the Evening the Noble-man return'd again Aboard with the Governor of the Village bringing a Bale of Japan Rice with him for which receiving thanks was entertain'd by the Captain in his Cabinet with Arak Spanish Wines and Tent and as a return for his Rice gave him a pair of new Shooes and Silk Stockins with which he seem'd to be highly satisfi'd After having eat and drank sufficiently the Captain Henry Cornelizoon Schaep William Bylevelt Sieward Johnson the Purser Peter Gerritszoon the Cooper Henry Elsfoort Gunner Jurian Sholton Abraham Spelt Hans Slee and two Youths Jacob de Paw and Aert Bastiaenszoon accompany'd with the Japan Gentlemen went ashore The Captain taking with him some Linnen and a few ordinary Clothes to Barter for Provisions for the sick Sea-men The Noble-man carry'd them all again to his House which stood close by the Shore entertaining them with Japan Wine after which refreshment Schaep desir'd to see the Village and to buy some necessaries which the Noble-man not onely granted but went himself with them in Person bringing the Netherlanders to the Governor of the Town who likewise drank to each of them three Cups of Japan Wine A Japan Nobleman betrays the Netherlanders From thence he carry'd them by a way on one side wash'd with the Sea and on the other side border'd with Fields full of little Cucumers and Radishes and having walk'd half an hour they came near a Hill from whence they had a most delightful Prospect of Vallies Rice Fields and Pasture-Ground in which some Cows and Oxen were Grazing about a stones cast from them was a Rusticks House towards which they walk'd altogether and went in to rest and shelter themselves from the Sun where sitting down they desir'd something to drink on which the Noble-man made signs to them that he had given order for it already and that it would immediately be brought them but staying an hour and nothing coming the Netherlanders would have taken their leaves and been gone aboard A cunning Plot of his Whereupon he again signifi'd to them to stay a little longer for he saw some Horses coming thither on which they might ride back to the Village which the Sea-men refused saying Their Legs were able to carry them But he continu'd earnest in his Request whilst the Horses approach'd the Houses so that he forc'd them to get upon them every one being Mounted were on each side held by three Japanners under a pretence of Civility to hold them fast on their Horses In this manner they rode down the Hill through the Vallies into the Countrey by which they suspected not without great reasons that it was some treacherous design which fear was augmented because one of the Japanners desirous to see Captain Schaep's Hanger which he giving him would not return it but kept it under a pretence to wear it for his sake Japanners use the Prisoners after a strange manner The Japanners understanding these their signs carry'd them to a Brook where they wash'd off the Dirt from their Faces which no sooner done but they saw the Governor of the Town whom they had Treated aboard coming toward them with a great Train of Servants Colours and

both the Captain and the Merchant out of their Sleep but being inform'd that they were some of the Watch they rested all the remaining part of the Night without any disturbance A Letter from their Ship On the first of August Consaimondonne deliver'd to Captain Schaep two small Packs made up in Mats with a Letter from his Ship which advis'd him that they had receiv'd information by his Letter concerning their carrying away and the whole Circumstance thereof on which they thought it convenient to Ride a little farther from the Shore Observing a sudden change amongst the Townsmen which come daily Aboard of them and withall that they would stay as long as possible they had whereupon to live Consaimondonne order'd the Captain to answer their Letter and withall advise them that Consaimondonne had given order to the Villages to furnish them with Rice fresh Waters Fish Wood and other Necessaries therefore they might stay without repining at it Captain Schaep's letter to the Ketch Breskins Soon after the Captain Writ again a second time what Consaimondonne commanded him and withall added thereto That they should remain where they were though he stay'd away four Moneths that he might not be taken in an Untruth by those Princes before whom he was to go but that their Ketch was Dutch built and belong'd to the Hollanders or else the East-India Trade and his Life besides all those that were with him would be in great danger The Hollanders proceed in their Voyage The Letter being Seal'd and deliver'd to a Priest the Captain and Merchant Mounted on two stately Steeds the Saddles curiously Varnish'd Every one held now the Reyns of the Bridle in their own Hands and were attended with two Servants which made them to admire their Civility The fair City Fitachi After they had travell'd six Leagues they came to a great Wall'd City standing in a most pleasant and delightful Soyl. They could no ways understand the Name of it but thought it must upon necessity have been Fitachi known to be seated in that Tract of Land The spacious Streets presented stately Houses and in the Houses curious Shops Hollanders are kindly entertain'd The Hollanders were at last Lodg'd in a brave House standing at a Corner of a Street where Consaimondonne came to see them and gave order to prepare a noble Dinner and immediately after order'd them to put on those Clothes that were sent them from Aboard in the Straw-Mats Thus Clothed Consaimondonne took Captain Schaep the Merchant Byleveld the Pursor Siward Johnson the Gunner Henry Van Ebsfoord and the two Youths with him through the City and had not the Soldiers clear'd the Way it had been impossible for them to have pass'd for the great Concourse of People which came flocking from all Corners to see them so that the whole City out of Novelty was in an uprore Palace of the King at Fitachi Thus being led through many Streets they came at last into a great Market-place and through a pair of great Gates into a stately Court with several Avenues which all came out at a costly Ascent of six Steps leading into a spacious Hall where entring they found a high Table standing in the middle thereof on which lay two naked Scymiters cross one another Several Japanners sitting in rich Apparel with their Legs under them kept Watch there Here the foremention'd Governor came to the Hollanders and order'd them to pull off their Shoes and immediately after went with him and Consaimondonne up several broad Steps then entring into a stately Gallery very artificially built the Governor commanded them to kneel and wait for the Kings coming Where whilst they stay'd in that posture they saw several Courtiers richly Habited Hollanders appear before the King Saluting and Complementing one another At last the King appear'd in a very stately Hall at the end of the Gallery whither the Hollanders were conducted and placed right against him one by another The King whom they guess'd to be about forty years old spake to them with no less State than Friendship Hollande and immediately gave order that all sorts Flesh Fish Fruit and Japan-Wine should be brought before them But they surpriz'd at such abundance of Kindess and great State could not eat any thing which Consaimondonne and the Governor observing thought that their refraining from their Meat was for fear of being poyson'd who to clear them of that doubt went and eat a little of every Dish at which they also fell to and drank each of them two Cups of Wine These Entertainments lasted till the twelfth of August when in the Night a strange noise awak'd the Hollanders not without being much frighted thereat for a Japan Secretary watch'd over them in their Chamber who being call'd went out but soon returning wak'd them all and bid them put on their Clothes and wash themselves In an instant the whole House was all in a hurry the Men and Maid-Servants being all busie sweeping of Chambers shaking out Mats and sprinkling their Halls with Water The amazed Hollanders ask'd their Watch what those kind of Preparations in the Night might signifie Whereupon they were answer'd That some Ladies and Persons of Quality were coming to see them which satisfi'd them a little sitting up three hours by as many great Wax-Candles Then the King of Fitachi entring the Chamber nodded to the Hollanders and sitting down commanded Captain Schaep and the Merchant to play on the Tables which they had made to pass away their time withall and whilst they were busie about their Game two Japan Knights accompany'd with a Bonzi entred the Chamber Examination of the Hollanders by a Japan Bonzi But the Bonzi which went in with the two Knights speaking good Spanish and a little English ask'd the Hollanders if they were French English Danes or Swedes What Place they came from What they were freighted with Why they came so much to the Northward from their Coast Moreover Whether any of them understood the Portuguese of Spanish Tongues Amongst the Hollanders were some that spoke Portuguese but they thought it better not to acknowledge it so to prevent further Examinations Therefore speaking nothing but Dutch they told him That they set Sail from Batavia to Ternata and from thence steer'd their Course to Tayoan but being overtaken by a great Storm out of the South-west they were driven to the Northward and after four Months hapned to come to an Anchor in a Japan Haven there to refresh themselves which they were indeed forc'd to most of their Seamen being sick The Hollanders understood plainly that they took them for Dutchmen but such as no way concern'd the East-India Company and that many of them had been formerly sent from Micau or the Manillas with Priests to Japan The Hollanders travel to Jedo ¶ ON the fourteenth of August 1643. they receiy'd Orders to pack up their Clothes and make themselves ready for their Journey to Jedo two Noblemen besides

in former Ages placed their Letters one amongst another and also the Mexicans according to Acosta Great care hath been taken at all times to promote the Art of Writing Moreover the Antients have much tir'd themselves in this Art every one inventing a new way first all publick Acts were Engraven on Plates of Lead but peculiar Accidents of single Persons noted on Linnen Egypt was the first that afforded Paper made of Plants pasted together In Rome also were us'd a long time Tablets cover'd with Wax of which two three or five were sow'd together being either of a Saffron or Egg-colour Green or Purple on three doubles they writ Letters on five doubles Titles and Offices of Honour and on the double ones peculiar Secrets The Grecians sometimes us'd the Bark of a Lint-tree in stead of Paper Attalus fitted Goat-skins to Write on in the City Pergamum from whence to this day all over Europe it is call'd Pergamenum or Parchment The Brachmans antient Philosophers amongst the Indians made use of fine Linnen on which they drew black Letters Inventers of Characters and chiefly Chineses and Japanners Moreover Cadmus brought the Grecian Characters from Phaenicia to Greece Radamanthus furnish'd the Assyrians Memnon and Anubis the Egyptians Hercules the Phrygians Carmenta the Latines every one with several Letters or Characters But the Japanners Extracted from China Write antienter Characters than any other Countrey The Chinese Chronicles make mention of Fohi who was the first King of China and Reign'd about three hundred years after Noah's Flood that he invented Letters which he made of Serpents Snakes and the like strangely tangl'd and wound up together wherefore his Book of Astronomy is by the Chineses call'd Fohi Xi-lum-zu that is Fohi's Book of Serpents Strange Characters us'd by the antient Chineses and Japanners After that several Kings in China found divers strange Marks for Writing Xum-num invented the Pictures of Husbandry Xan Hoan of Birds Chuem Kim of Oysters and Worms another of Herbs and Plants Choan Ham of Birds Feet Yao of Tortoises Besides these kind of writing Marks the antient Chineses and Japanners us'd in their Writing several Marks of Peacocks Herbs or Quills and several other Fancies invented by the Emperor Co or from the Stars or Planets and also Fishes Besides these also there are other peculiar Characters of which some are us'd onely in writing of Law-business others in Letters and Superscriptions They have also particular Characters to express Peace Joy Darkness Clearness and Disputations and resemble not in the least the other Japan Marks for Writing Original of the Chinese and Japan Characters The Learned cannot agree when they enquire after the original of this Art for some acknowledge the Assyrians for the first inventers but most ascribe the honor to the Egyptians But if the Chineses and Japanners us'd Marks for Writing three thousand six hundred eighty nine years ago according to the Book of Serpents of their first King Fohi then they knew it before the Assyrians and Egyptians yet it cannot be deny'd though the Chineses and Egyptians express their meanings by the placing of Beasts and Plants without making any Letters that there is a great difference because the Egyptians not onely in their common Conversation but us'd the same Marks in their religious Matters therefore none might learn them but those that were commanded and had leave from their Governors And also the Egyptian Hieroglyphicks signifi'd not onely the thing it represented but also the hidden property and sole operation of the written Matter whereas on the contrary the Chinese and Japanners Writing express and describe the Transactions of Men and other natural things and shew plainly the whole Matter without any farther Mysteries Strange Language call'd Quanhoa why invented Moreover the Chineses have a general Language call'd Quonhoa which the have made themselves for China being divided into great and mighty Kingdoms whereof the Governors or Mandarins must give a yearly account to the Emperor at his Court at Pechin or Nanchin and every Chinese Territory having their peculiar Language which is different from their Neighbors therefore they found out that Language call'd Quanhoa which is not onely us'd amongst the Courtiers but also in all manner of Contracts and is spoke by most but chiefly by the best bred Chineses by reason this Language hath very short Sentences for though it contains many Letters yet it hath scarce three hundred twenty six Words which begin all with one Letter and end with one of the Vowels a e i o u or m x n from whence it proceeds that one word often hath more than twenty several significations and according to the soft or loud pronunciation of it signifies either this or that Five several People can understand it when they Read it but not when they Speak it The chiefest thing to be admir'd in this Mandarine Tongue is that when Written it is understood by all the Chineses Japanners Coreans Tonchinensers and those of Couchinchina but they cannot speak it for then the one Countrey cannot in the least understand another It is with the Mandarine Tongue as with our ordinary Ciphering which signifies all one thing quite over Europe and when pronounced is not understood but by their own several Nations because they all give several denominations to their Figures Japan Tongue very lofty Lastly concerning the Janpan Tongue the same sounds no less lofty than brave and expresses sufficiently the high ambition of the Speaker being full of Vowels and Consonants Some words thereof for a small Example these may serve Mos Resoucq gusarr Give a Candle Curi gusavimass Come here Sass Massio I drink to you Itum takka Massio Much good may it do you Icoramors How much for that Doukye Gousarri mass Whether will you go Mis cosmis Eat Rice Souw Meoremas Drink Water Gekyo donne or samma Lord and Master Nanto Moss What say you Friend Mada sutta Stay a little Imo gusarrimas I come presently Emingosamma A Gentlewoman Bobbo A Womans Hymen Ring Ksou Vinegar Warrangusar Bad Surry warrangusar This is bad Kataskanongusarrimas I humbly thank you Katania A Custom Konatta samma gattinnakka Your Lord understands it wrong Konatta samma gattinde gusarr Your Lord understands it right Wataxix gattinde gusarr I understand it Wataxix gattinnakka I understand it not Arygattinnakka He understands it not Phnyx ikomassio To come Aboard and Sail Meditongusarimas I humbly wish you a good day Farther Examination of the Hollanders by the Japan Councellors ¶ TO return again to our Examination After Schaep had answer'd to Sammoccysamma's Question If the Hollanders believ'd that they could be Sav'd by the Portuguese Priests He said That the Priests ought to use their Art to deliver themselves from such insufferable torments as they endur'd which made all the Japan Lords to laugh In this Hall for Audience lay a new Japan Drum on which the Councellor Matsodairo Ysosamma commanded the Youth Jacob de

whereof stands a Flower-pot on the other a crooked Branch juts out In the middle sits Pussa but is onely seen from the Waste upward her Face representing that of a most beautiful Woman surrounded with darting Sun-beams Under a Cloth that hangs before her Breast appear sixteen Arms whereby they express That China and Japan have been happily govern'd sixteen Ages by this their Goddess Pussa Their Worship to this Deity is thus perform'd Two Japanners stand up to the middle in Water just before the conjoyn'd Bodies of the Trees on which Pussa sits whilst a Boat made fast a little from the Shore hath a Ram-Goat hanging over her Prow to Sacrifice which a Bonzi stands ready in the middle of the Boat before a Table attended by two Servants with a Hanger in his Hand ¶ BUt to return again to our Embassador Wagenaer who staying in Osacca was amongst others visited by two Brothers Merchants from Saccai who told him that about three Months thence they would send four Vessels laden with Copper to Nangesaque Wagenaer reply'd That they should be welcome but the East-India Company would not buy their Copper so dear this Year as they had done the last Whereat they looking one upon another laugh'd scornfully Wagenaer arrives at Jedo Wagenaer proceeding in his Journey came the sixteenth of February to Jedo and first made his coming known to Sicungodonne and Joffiesamma the Governor of Nangesaque with Intreaties of a quick Dispatch to deliver the Presents to the Emperor Sicungodonne and Joffiesamma return'd him for Answer That he should on the fifteenth of Songats which is the Japanners New-year the which fifteenth agrees with our twenty seventh of February appear before the Emperor Soon after Sicungodonne sent not onely for the Inventory of the Presents but the Presents also and lock'd them up in his Store-house built against all Casualties of Fire Appears before the Emperor The Ambassador Wagenaer being carried to the Imperial Castle at the appointed time waited in a Hall above two Hours when afterwards he was brought before the Emperor who sat on a high Throne in a very splendid manner to whom he proffer'd the Presents in which his Imperial Majesty took great delight and chiefly to see the Dutch Pistols a Sword and a curious Flower'd Box The costly Alcatif was little regarded because the often unpacking had spoil'd and made it full of Holes Presents to the Japan Council The next day Wagenaer deliver'd the other Presents to the three Chief Councellors the fourth Kannicfaesamma being over-grown in Years had quitted his Office so that he receiv'd no Presents But the rest of the Nobility receiv'd their part of the Presents according to the usual Custom all accepting them very courteously by their Stewards What the Presents and Journey amount to These Presents amounted to above fourteen thousand three hundred Guilders The Charges of the Journey were much greater for it cost for Horses Guards Interpreters and Expences in Inns and for other Conveniences almost sixteen thousand Guilders The remaining Goods Wagenaer sold for three thousand Tail every Tail being an English Crown The Japan Nobility buying these Goods paid much less than they cost And none was more satisfied than Sicungodonne saying He had never seen such choice Goods Asheeldinghe van de Brandt tot JEDO. a Protrature of the fyer at JEDO. ¶ IT was at this time the second of March Anno 1657 when on a sudden all Jedo was in confus'd hurry every one crying Fire And soon after they saw from Sicungodonne's Palace toward the North end of the City a terrible Flame rising towards the Sky which by strong North Winds was driven directly into the City the Sparks flying over Jedo Sicungodonne goes cut to give order about the Fire At which Sicungodonne excus'd himself that he could no longer enjoy the Ambassadors Presence it being his Office in such a Calamity to order all things requisite to restrain its inlarging Yet he sent his three Secretaries to entertain Wagenaer in his absence but he desir'd leave to depart that he might see how his Affairs stood in the Hollanders Inn which was granted him and mounting his Horse he posted home for the Fire though it was near a League from him yet he saw it come on like a Sea which impetuously breaking in A great Calamity in Jedo overflows both Fields and Banks Wherefore he gave warning to all those where he pass'd by Wagenaers Transactions in his Inn. But coming at last to his Inn he found the Merchant Assistant Cornelius Mulock and the Japan Servants busie packing up the Papers in Chests that lay on the Table and also the remaining Presents their Plate Clothes and Letters to secure them in the Scone Store-houses built against Fire by the Japanners call'd Goddon Every one rested when they heard that the Wind was turn'd and that there was no danger of the Dutch Inn so that the Japan Servants forbore carrying away the Goods But between four and five a clock the Street in which the Hollanders Inn stood swarm'd with People and little Wains in which they carried their young Children and aged People Whereupon Wagenaer himself got on the top of the House and saw plainly that the Fire as far as he could discern was spread more and more and was also driven towards them by a strong North Wind He ask'd therefore their Landlord Ginnemon Whether he thought it best to carry the Goods of the East-India Company and secure them in the Goddon or else to Joffiesamma Ginnemon judg'd the Goddon to be sufficient having not long since endur'd a great Fire And here already a great part of the Goods lay but the Bonjoises judg'd it fit to carry the Cabinet with the East-India Companies Money to Joffiesamma Governor of Nangesaque and that which was in the Goddon should remain there because the Doors and Windows were already plaister'd up with Clay and all things that were too near the Goddon pull'd down Yet Wagenaer would rather have carried them out of the Goddon but whilst he disputed with Ginnemon the Flame laid hold on the Verver Street which was but a Musquet-shot from the Hollanders Inn it was therefore time to fly for safety Ginnemon sending his Mother Wife and Children before who amongst a great Crowd of People got out of the Street The Ambassador Wagenaer Ginnemon and the rest belonging to the Ambassador also forsook their Inn which since the last Fire was not quite finish'd and getting out of Doors they found themselves in great danger for the Streets being full every where with Wains Wagenaer and his Retinue are in great danger to be burnt Chests Trunks Houshold-goods and People thronging between them that they were not able to pass either one way or other Here they lay heap'd being tumbled one upon the other there they were squeez'd betwixt the Goods yonder with a hideous Cry they throng'd their way through some being trodden to death some

after the Storm blowing afresh they were not able to carry out the least Sail till the Gusts were more favorable mean while the Ship being so miserably toss'd sprung a Leak so that they could scarce keep her free with Pumping sometimes a Sea beat over her in such a manner that the Water could scarce find ways to run out again seeming as if it would sink immediately With these inconveniences came far greater for towards the Evening a Sea wash'd away one of the Galleries and soon after another the Head so loosning the Boltsprit yet they had not been in such great danger had not the Ship rowl'd so extremely and the Seas follow'd one another so suddenly they judg'd it convenient to hale up their Mizin and Sail before the Wind the second Watch they discover'd Land but the Ship in the dark was got within Musquet-shot of the Shore before they could see it the steep Shore suffer'd the Ship to run against a Rock which with three blows broke it into a thousand pieces and of sixty four Men escap'd onely thirty six most of which were miserably wounded by the sharp Rocks those that lay in their Cabbins being tir'd with watching died all amongst those that were sav'd was the Captain Reinier Egbertson of Amsterdam From the Wreck they sav'd one Barrel of Flower one Barrel of Salt-Beef some Pork and a Rundlet of Tent which prov'd very happily for the wounded Moreover they gather'd up as many Pieces of the Ship as would make them a Booth to defend them from the Weather for they knew not in what Countrey they were how call'd or whether inhabited or not because the Skie being Clouded for several days they could take no observation On the second day after they suffer'd Shipwrack they saw a Man whom they beckning to come to them ran away soon after came three other of which one carry'd a Musquet the other two Bows and Arrows which also fled from them but one of the Sea-men running after them unarm'd got some Fire which they wanted extremely Against the Evening their Tent or Booth was surrounded with above a hundred Men wearing Hats made of Horse-hair The next day came a small Army being about two thousand Foot and Horse while the Hollanders were making of a bigger Tent. The Commander of them fetch'd the Book-keeper Henry Haemel with the Pilot Quartermaster Strange usage by the Coreans of thirty six Shi●wracked Hollanders and a Boy out of the Booth which were all four thrown down on the Earth before the General at which the whole Army made a kind of strange noise The Hollanders that remain'd in the Tent believ'd certainly that their Companions were put to a miserable death but they us'd them not so cruelly for the Coreans onely put an Iron Chain about their Necks to which a great Bell was made fast under their Chin. Then some of the Officers went into the Booth and had a great deal of Discourse which the Hollanders understood not but they signifi'd to them that they intended to go to Japan but suffering Shipwrack they were come ashore there to save themselves The Chineses look'd upon those Goods which they had sav'd and finding onely a little Meal Salt-Beef and Pork they brought some Rice boyl'd in Water which was a great refreshment Not long continu'd their joy that they were not in a barren Countrey for whilst they were eating a great many of the Soldiers came running towards their Tent every one holding a Rope in his hand which made the Hollanders think that they should be bound and kill'd but this fear soon vanish'd when the Coreans ran with all speed towards the Wreck every one laboring to hale the Wood ashore which burning they carry'd the Iron away In the interim the Pilot taking an observation found that it was Quelpaerds-Island where they had lost their Ship and were in thirty three Degrees and thirty two Minutes Latitude Moreover the Coreans still busied themselves in haling ashore the Pieces of the Wreck and burning it for the Iron and lastly they set the whole Wreck on Fire which might have cost them dear for two Brass-Guns deeply loaden went off but it so hapned that the Muzzles of them lay towards the Sea this Blow struck such a fear amongst them that every one fled and coming to the Hollanders desir'd to know of them if it would do the like again but they informing that there were no more Guns that were Charged in the Ship they went on with their work Moreover the Hollanders visited the Governor of Quelpaerds-Isle and presented him with a Bottle of Tent which pleas'd him so well that he became very kind to them sending them boyl'd Rice twice a day and bid them come and see the punishment which would be inflicted on those that had robb'd the wreck'd Vessel The Iron they had stole was tied to their Backs and they themselves laid upon the Ground receiv'd several Drubbings on the Balls of their Feet with a Stick about a Fathom long and as thick as an ordinary Boy 's Arm so beating them unmercifully Their Journey through Quelpaerds-Island After this was over the Hollanders had order to be gone with all their things so travelling with a Guard of Foot and Horse they went that day four Leagues and Lodg'd in a small Town call'd Tadjunch in an old Store-house from thence they went to the City Moggan where the Governor of Quelpaerds keeps his Court here on a great Market place three thousand Armed Men were drawn up in Battel aray The Governor caus'd Henry Hamell with the Pilot and Quartermaster to come to him and ask'd them where they were going at which Hamel cry'd several times Japan and Nangesaque at which the Governor nodding his Head seem'd to understand it The remaining Hollanders were also carry'd four and four to the Governor Examin'd and Lodg'd in a House in which as they afterwards understood the Kings Uncle had a long time been kept Prisoner and at last died there because he endeavor'd to depose his Nephew Every day they had their allowance of boyl'd Rice wheaten Flower and another strange Food which they could not eat wherefore they liv'd most upon Rice The Governor a Man aged about seventy years and of a noble Aspect signifi'd to them that he would Write to the King to know what should be done with them but it would be a considerable time before he could have an Answer for the Place where the King kept his Court was thirteen Leagues over-Sea and above twenty Leagues from Moggan But whilst they waited for it the Hollanders had fresh Meat allow'd them and also leave for six at a time to walk abroad by turns The Governor oftentimes invited them to his Palace bidding them write their Names and cur'd those that were wounded at their Landing and also prepar'd several noble Dinners for them In which kind Hospitality-the Heathens far exceed very many Christians Strange adventure of a Hollander But

with the Island Sinoja and in the Morning had sight of Fibi when a stiff Gale out of the North drove them more to the South-ward so that soon after they came near Margan Rocks which rise very high out of the Sea on the highest of them lies a curious neat Town below which the Rock is very artificially hewn out for a convenient Haven against all Winds whatsoever Here the Ambassador drop'd Anchor and when grown somewhat calmer stood out again but could not reach beyond Fibi however at Night he got to Dasacci and although the Storm began to blow afresh yet next day he got to Ousimata from whence he Sail'd over to Wota where he lay at an Anchor all Night and in the Morning Weighing got to the Banks before Muro where he ran a ground the Barque giving a great blow and had without doubt burst asunder had not the Wind blown off from the Shore so that haling out all their Sails they at last got off and afterwards judg'd it convenient to fall down to the Island Jesima so to get into a deeper Water On Jesima as also on all the other little Islands stood a Beacon Beacons built four and twenty years before upon an occasion which the Japan Interpreter related being at the time when the Islands of Bungo and Saykok rebell'd against the Emperor and made the Water between Japan and Tonsa very dangerous by their Piracy wherefore the Islanders so soon as ever they descry'd any Ships from their Beacons gave notice thereof to the Main-Land by fireing them in the Night or making a great Smoke in the day time whereupon they immediately Guarded the Sea-Shore and sent off several Vessels well Man'd since which time they observ'd the same Custom with their Beacons either in bad Weather or when any one endeavors to make his escape that hath by some means or other incur'd the Emperors displeasure On which occasions a certain sign is given so that he who thought to save himself by flight seldom escapes notwithstanding he suddenly gets into some Haven or other for the Water between Bungo Tonsa and the Main-Coast of Japan from Simonisacci to Osacca is full of little Islands on every one of which stands a Beacon Guarded and continually Watch'd by two Men that have three Shillings a day Pleasant Scituation of Swoja The Holland Ambassador after he left Jesima Steer'd his Course Easterly and drop'd Anchor in the Haven which washes Swoja where going Ashore he found the Countrey thereabouts so exceeding pleasant that the whole Earth cannot shew a finer spot of Ground How much have the Romans cry'd up the Countrey about Capua which yields Fruit twice a year where there is a disputable difference whether the Ground be Fruitfuller that produces Corn or Vines The Greeks also spent much time in describing the famous Tempe in Thessalie But certainly both Tempe and Campania may not be compar'd to the pleasantness of Swoja which is on the South Wash'd by the Ocean that makes a convenient Harbor having against Northern Storms a high Shore against Eastern the Promontory of Saccai and against Western the mighty Island Tonsa and the high Rocks on the South-Shore break the violence of the Waves when at any time a South Wind blows the Billows against the Shore Moreover round about the City the Countrey is exceeding delightful because of the several Growths with which it is adorn'd In some places the Ground being Hilly is Crown'd with shady Trees in others the Valleys abound with all manner of Plants there are Plow'd Fields here pleasant Meadows full of Oxen and Sheep The City Swoja it self very curiously built hath many great Store-houses in which the Merchandize from all places are laid to be transported thence to Osacca Saccai Miaco and other places of Trade The Ambassador Zelderen unladed some Hart and Buck Skins here whilst the Sea-men went to see the Neighboring Town Akas because the Citizens of Swoja related a strange Story of an accident which for the most part ruin'd that Town And indeed when they came thither Ruine of the Town Akas they found above half of Akas lying desolate some Houses being faln in others sunk into the Ground yet others appear'd with some part of them lying on the Earth but the other part stood in a pretty good condition The Inhabitants whereof told them That not long since a terrible Earthquake shook the Earth two days together then the Flames broke forth betwixt the crack'd Earth as if it would have devour'd all things and lastly there arose such a Fog that choak'd many Not far from this lies a Sulphurous burning Mountain whose Subterranean Fire having consum'd the Earth at last broke forth The Emperor Toxogunsama allow'd them some of his Revenues to Re-build that part of the Town which was so harras'd Auszug des Stathalters zu miako Vyt Rydinge vande Gouverneur van MIAKO Gouernor of Miaco 's Proyres The Japan Emperor hath in all his Fortifications plac'd Overseers whose Offices are to look after the repairing of the Walls and putting in new Stones so soon as they see any one begin to decay Whilst they Rode here at Anchor the Ambassador Zelderen saw a Japanner Japanner drowns himself who having great Stones ty'd about his Neck Legs and Middle leaping into the Water drown'd himself for the honor of Canon The Vessel in which he was brought from the Shore was immediately burnt being too Holy to be us'd thereafter for any Worldly Affairs Description of the Ambassadors Reception in Meaco ¶ THe Holland Ambassador hasting on his Voyage and passing by Osacca came to an Anchor close under Miaco whereinto he was conducted in great State The foremost that came were eight hundred Horsemen on well-train'd Steeds every one Arm'd with a Bow and Quiver full of Arrows a long Pike two Swords a large Cutting-Knife a Helmet and Waxt Buskins by the Japanners call'd Taepjes Behind them came two Japan Officers Riding one by another the Emperors Standard-Bearer follow'd holding a long Staff at the end whereof Wav'd a great Flag representing on Embroyder'd Gold and Silver round O's and five pointed Stars and below the O's a half Moon a Snails Horn three Stars and the Flower Toxangpenung Then came seven Men playing on Pipes and six with Trumpets behind these follow'd five on Horseback beating on Kettle-Drums then a great square Canopy was brought by four Supporters under which Rode one who held the Emperors and the City Meaco's Arms before his Breast on the Horses Neck next follow'd several Musicians Playing on all manner of Instruments Lastly came the Governor sitting in a very costly Coach the Wheels Waxt and Gilt Great State of the Governor of Meaco went slowly about between which were two great Oval Openings and two other but much lesser the Curtains very handsome being of Flower'd Silk on the top were two Gilded Dragons who with their fore Feet hold a Coat of Arms the four Corners were adorn'd