Liniments to asswage and mollifie The Oils of common Wall-Nuts and Small-Nuts may be also prepar'd after the same manner as that of Sweet-Almonds The Oil of Bayes Take as much as you please of Laurel or Bay-Berries well cleans'd perfectly ripe and soundly bruis'd let 'em be put into a Kettle and boil'd with a sufficient quantity of Water during half an Hour then strain and squeez 'em strongly let the Liquor cool and scum off the Fat that swims upon the Water Afterward pound the remaining Substance in a Mortar and cause it to be boil'd again for half an Hour with some of the first Water which was left adding a little fresh then strain and squeez it as before and take off the Oil that swims on the Top. But the first Oil is better than the second and therefore ought to be kept separately The Oils of Berries of Mastick Myrtle and other oleaginous Plants may be extracted after the same manner The Oil of Bayes mollifies attenuates and â—s opening and discussive It is very good against the Palsie and the Shiverings or cold Fits of a â—eaver or Ague in anointing the Back as also against Scabs Tetters c. The Oil of Eggs by Expression Take newly laid Eggs and let 'em be harâ—en'd in Water then separate the Yolks and put 'em into a Frying-pan over a gentle Coal-fire stirring 'em about from time to time and a last without discontinuing till they grow reddish and begin to yield their Oil Then they are to be sprinkl'd with Spirit of Wine and â—our'd very hot into a little Linnen-Bag which â—s to be ty'd and set in a Press between two â—eated Platines so that the Oil may be squeez'd â—ut as readily as is possible This Oil mitigates the Pains of the Ears and Haemorrhoids cures Scabs and Ring-Worms or Tetters as also Chaps and Clefts in the Breast Hands Feet and Fundament and is made use of in Burns c. CHAP VI. Of Collyrium ' s. COLLYRIVM's are Medicines prepar'd for the Diseases of the Eyes The following is that of Lanfrancus Take a Pint of White-Wine three Pints of Plantain-Water three Pounds of Roses two Drams of Orpiment one Dram of Verdegrease Myrrh and Aloes of each two Scruples The Orpiment Verdegrease Myrrh and Aloes are to be beaten to a fine Powder before they are intermixt with the Liquors This Collyrium is not only good for the Eyes but is also of use to make Injections into the Privy-Parts of Men and Women but before the Injections are made it ought to be sweeten'd with three or four times the quantity in weight of Rose Plantain or Morel-Water A dry Collyrium Take two Drams of Sugar-candy prepar'd Tutty Lizard's-Dung of each one Dram White Vitriol Sucotrin Aloes and Sal Saturni of each half a Dram. Let the whole Composition be reduc'd to a very fine Powder and mixt together Two or three Grains of this Powder may be blown at once into the Eye with a small Quill Pipe of Straw or Reed as long as it is necessary and the same Powder may also be steept in Ophthalmick Waters to make a liquid Collyrium A Blue Collyrium Take a Pint of Water in which unslackt Lime has been quench'd and a Dram of Sal Ammoniack pulveriz'd mingle these Ingredients together in a Brass-Bason and let 'em be insus'd during a whole Night then filtrate the Liquor and keep it for use This Collyrium is one of the best Medicines that can be prepar'd for all manner of Diseases of the Eyes CHAP. VII Of Powders A Powder against Madness or Frenzy TAKE the Leaves of Rue Vervein the lesser Sage Plantain Polypody common Wormwood Mint Mother-Wort Balm Betony St. John's-Wort and the lesser Centory of every one an equal quantity These Plants must be gather'd in the Month of June during the clear and serene Weather and ty'd up in Nose-gays or little Bundles which are to be wrap'd up in Paper and hung in the Air to be dry'd in the Shade Afterward they are to be pounded in a great Brass-Mortar and the Powder is to be sifted thro' a Silk-Sieve The Dose of this Powder is from two to three Drams mingl'd with half a Dram of the Powder of Vipers in half a Glass of good White-Wine every Morning fasting for fifty one Days successively It has an admirable effect provided the wounded Person be not bit in the Head nor Face and that the Wound has not been wash'd with Water CHAP. VIII Styptick-Water TAKE Colcothar or Red Vitriol that remains in the Retort after the Spirit has been drawn off Burnt Allom and Sugar-candy of each thirty Grains the Urine of a Young Person and Rose-Water of each half an Ounce and two Ounces of Plantain-Water Let the whole Mixture be stirr'd about for a long time and then put into a Vial. But the Liquor must be pour'd off by Inclination when there shall be occasion to take any for use If a Bolster steept in this Water be laid upon an open Artery and held close with the Hand it will soon stop the Blood a small Tent may be also soakt in it and put up into the Nose for the same purpose If it be taken inwardly it stops the spitting of Blood and the Dysentery or Bloody-Flux as also the Haemorrhoidal and Menstruous Fluxes the Dose being from half a Dram to two Drams in Knot-Grass-Water FINIS A TABLE OF THE CHAPTERS And of the Principal Matters Which are contain'd in every Chapter CHAP. I. OF the Qualifications of a Surgeon and the Art of Surgery Page 1 CHAP. I. Of Synthesis Diaeresis Exaeresis and Prosthesis Page 2 CHAP. I. What ought to be observ'd before the undertaking of an Operation Page 3 CHAP. II. Of Chirurgical Instruments portable and not portable Page 5 CHAP. III. Of Anatomy in general and in particular of all the Parts of which the Human Body is compos'd Page 7 CHAP. IV. Of the General Division of a Human Body Page 10 CHAP. V. Of the Skeleton Page 12 CHAP. V. Of the different kinds of Articulations Page 14 CHAP. V. Of the Number of the Bones of the Human Skeleton Page 16 CHAP. VI. Of Myology or the Description and Anatomy of the Muscles of the Human Body Page 19 CHAP. VII Of the Myology or Anatomy of the Muscles of the Head Page 21 CHAP. VIII Of the Myology or Anatomy of the Muscles of the Chest or of the Breast Belly and Back Page 31 CHAP. IX Of the Myology or Anatomy of the Muscles of the lower Belly Page 34 CHAP. IX Of the Muscles of the Parts that serve for Geration in both Sexes Page 36 CHAP. X. Of the Muscles of the Shoulder-Blades Arms and Hands Page 37 CHAP. XI Of the Muscles of the Thighs Legs and Feet Page 48 CHAP. XI A List of all the Muscles of the Humane Body Page 57 CHAP. XII Of the Anatomy of the Nerves Arteries and Veins in general Page 58 CHAP. XII Of the Structure of the four Tunicks of the Arteries Page 61 CHAP.
keep his Bed in a warm Room and never rise till it shall be thought fit to stop the Salivation which continues twenty or twenty five Days or rather till it becomes Laudable that is to say till it be no longer stinking nor colour'd but clear and fluid If a Looseness shou'd happen during the Salivation it wou'd cease so that to renew it the Looseness may be stay'd with Clysters made of Milk and the Yolks of Eggs and in case the Salivation shou'd not begin afresh it must be excited with a slight Friction But if it shoul'd be too violent it may be diminish'd by some gentle Purge or with four or five Grains of Aurum Fulminans taken in Conserve of Roses Three or four Pints of Rheum are commonly salivated every Day in a Bason made for that purpose which the Patient holds in his Bed near his Mouth so as the Spittle may run into it But if the Fluxing shou'd not cease of it self at the time when it ought he must be purg'd to put a stop thereto If any Ulcers remain in his Mouth to dry 'em up Gargarisms are to be often us'd which are made of Barley-Water Honey of Roses or luke-warm Wine The Warts are cur'd by binding 'em if a Ligature be possible or else they may be consum'd with Causticks such as the Powder of Savine or Aqua-fortis by corroding the neighbouring Parts sometimes they are cut left to bleed for a while and bath'd with warm Wine When the Patient begins to rise he must be purg'd his Linnen Bed and Chamber being chang'd and afterward his Strength is to be recruited with good Victuals and generous Wine If he were too much weaken'd let him take Cow's-Milk with Saccharum Rosatum If the Pox were not inveterate the Fluxing might be excited by the Panacaea alone without any Frictions For after the Phlebotomy Purgations and Bathings duly administer'd the Patient might take ten Grains of the Mercurial Panacaea in the Morning and as many at Night on the next Day fifteen Grains might be given and the like quantity at Night on the third Day twenty Grains might be given both Morning and Evening on the fourth Day twenty five Grains in the Morning and as many at Night and on the fifth Day thirty Grains in the Morning and the very same quantity in the Evening continuing thus to augment the Dose till the Fluxing comes in abundance and it may be maintain'd by giving every two or every three Days twelve Grains of the Panacaea This Course must be continually follow'd till the Salivation becomes Laudable and the Symptoms cease The manner of making the Mercurial Panacaea To prepare this Panacaea it is requisite to take Mercury reviv'd from Cinnabar because it is more pure than Mercury which is immediately dug out of the Mine The Mercury is reviv'd with Cinnabar after this manner Take a Pound of artificial Cinnabar pulveriz'd and mighled exactly with three Pounds of unslack'd Lime in like manner beaten to Powder Let this Mixture be put into a Retort of Stone or Glass luted the third part of which at least remains empty Let it be plac'd in a reverberating Furnace and after having fitted a Recipient fill'd with Water let the whole be left during twenty four Hours at least then let the Fire be put under it by degrees and at length let the Heat be very much augmented whereupon the Mercury will run Drop by Drop into the Recipient Let the Fire be continu'd till nothing comes forth and the Operation will be perform'd generally in six or seven Hours Then pour the Water out of the Recipient and having wash'd the Mercury to cleanse it from some small quantity of Earth that may stick thereto let it be dry'd with Cloaths or else with the Crum of Bread Thus thirteen Ounces of Mercury may be drawn off from every Pound of artificial Cinnabar The Panacaea is made of sweet Sublimate and the later of corrosive Sublimate To make the corrosive Sublimate put sixteen Ounces of Mercury reviv'd from Cinnabar into a Matrass pour upon it eighteen Ounces of Spirit of Nitre place the Matras upon the Sand which must be somewhat hot and leave it there till the Dissolution be effected Then pour off this dissolâ—ed Liquor which will be as clear as Water into a Glass Vial or into a Sâ—one-Jug and let its Moisture evaporate gently over the Sand-Fire till a white Mass remains which you may pulverize in a Glass Mortar mingling it with sixteen Ounces of Vitriol calcin'd and as much decrepited Salt Put this Mixture into a Matras two third parts of which remain empty and the Neck of which hath been cut in the middle of its height then fix the Matras in the Sand and begin to kindle a gentle Fire underneath which may be continu'd for three Hours afterwards let Coals be thrown upon it till the Fire burn very vehemently and a Sublimate will arise on the top of the Matras so that the Operation may be perform'd within the space of six or seven Hours Let the Matras be cool'd and afterward broken avoiding a kind of Flower or light Powder which flyes up into the Air as soon as this Matter is remov'd whereupon you 'll find nineteen Ounces of very good corrosive Sublimate but the red Scoria or Dross which settleth at the bottom must be cast away as unprofitable This Sublimate being a powerful Escarotick eats away proud Flesh and is of singular use in cleansing old Ulcers if half a Dram thereof be dissolv'd in a Pint of Lime-Water it gives a yellow Tincture and this is that which is call'd the phagaedonick-Phagaedonick-Water The sweet Sublimate of which the Panacaea is immediately compos'd is made with sixteen Ounces of corrosive Sublimate pulveriz'd in a Marble or Glass-Mortar intermixing with it by little and little twelve Ounces of Mercury reviv'd from Cinnabar Let this Mixture be stirr'd about with a Wooden Pestle till the Quick-silver become imperceptible then put the Powder which will be of a grey Colour into divers Glass-Vials or into a Matras of which two third parts remain empty place your Vessel on the Sand and kindle a small Fire in the beginning the Heat of which may be afterward encreas'd to the third Degree Let it continue in this Condition till the Sublimate be made and the Operation will be generally consummated in four or five Hours whereupon you may break your Vial and throw away as useless a little light Earth that lies at the bottom You must also separate that which sticks to the Neck of the Vials or of the Matras and keep it for Ointments against the Itch but carefully gather together the white Matter which lies in the middle and having pulveriz'd it cause it to be sublimated in the Vials or Matras as before This Matter must also be separated again as we have already shown and put into other Vials to be sublimated a third time Lastly the terrestrial parts in the bottom and the fuliginous in
Phlebotomy They are an Impostume a Rhombus an Echymosis an Aneurism Lipothymy Swooning and a Convulsion What is a Rhombus It is a small Tumour of the Blood which happens in the place where the Operation is perform'd either by making the Orifice too small or larger than the Capaciousness of the Vessel will admit The Rhombus is cur'd by laying upon it a Bolster dipt in fair Water between the Folds of which must be put a little Salt to dissolve and prevent the Suppuration How may it be perceiv'd that an Artery hath been prickt or open'd in letting Blood The Puncture of an Artery produceth an Aneurism and the Opening of it causeth a Flux of Vermilion Colour'd Blood which issueth forth in abundance and by Leaps Are the Leaps which the Blood makes in running a certain Sign that it comes from an Artery No because it may so happen that the Basilick Vein lies directly upon an Artery the beating of which may cause the Blood of the Basilica to run out leaping Therefore these three Circumstances ought to be consider'd jointly that is to say the Vermilion Colour the great quantity and the Leaps in order to be assur'd that the Blood proceeds from an Artery How may it be discover'd that a Tendon hath been hurt in letting Blood It is known when in opening the Median Vein the end of the Lancet hath met with some Resistance when the Patient hath felt great Pain and afterward when the Tendon apparently begins to be puff'd up and the Arm to swell A Remedy may be apply'd to this Accident thus after having finish'd the Operation a Bolster steep'd in Oxycratum is to be laid upon the Vessel a proper Bandage is to be made and the Arm must be wrapt up in a Scarf If the Inflammation that ariseth in the Part be follow'd with Suppuration it must be dress'd with a small Tent and if the Suppuration be considerable it is necessary to dilate the Wound and to make use of Oil of Eggs and Brandy or Arcaeus's Liniment with a good Digestive as also to apply Emplastrum Ceratum to make an Embrocation on the Arm with Oil of Roses and to dip the Bolsters in Oxycratum to cover the whole Part. Is it not to be fear'd that some Nerve may be wounded in letting Blood No they lie so deep that they cannot be touch'd Vnder what Vein is the Artery of the Arm It is usually situated under the Basilica What Course is proper to be taken to avoid the Puncture of an Artery in letting Blood It must be felt with the Hand before the Ligature is made observing well whether it be deep or superficial for when it lies deep there is nothing to be fear'd and when it is superficial it may be easily avoided by pricking the Vein either higher or lower What is to be done when an Artery is open'd If it be well open'd it is requisite to let the Blood run out till the Person falls into a Syncope or Swoon by which means the Aneurism is prevented and afterward the Blood will be more easily stopt It remains only to make a good Bandage with many Bolsters in the first of which is simply put a Counter or a Piece of Money but a bit of Paper chew'd will serve much better with Bolsters laid upon it in several Folds If the Arteries cause so much trouble when open'd accidentally why are those of the Temples sometimes open'd on purpose to asswage violent Pains in the Head By reason that in this place the Arteries are situated upon the Bones that press 'em behind which very much facilitates their re-union Are not the Arteries of Persons advanc'd in Years more difficult to be clos'd than those of Children Yes Are there not Accidents to be fear'd in letting Blood in the Foot Much less than in the Arm because the Veins of the Malleoli or Ankles are not accompany'd either with Arteries or Tendons which gave occasion to the Saying That the Arm must be given to be let Blood only to an able Surgeon but the Foot may be afforded to a young Practitioner A TREATISE OF Chirurgical Operations CHAP. I. Of the Operation of the Trepan THIS Operation is to be perform'd when it is inferr'd from the Signs of which we have already given a particular Account that some Matter is diffus'd over the Dura Mater The Trepan must not be us'd in the Sinus Superciliares by reason of their Cavity nor in the Sutures in regard of the Vessels that pass thro' 'em nor in the Temporal Bone without great necessity especially in that part of it which is join'd to the Parietal-Bone lest the end of this Bone shou'd fly out of its place since it is only laid upon the Parietal nor in the middle of the Coronal and Occipital-Bones by reason of an inner Prominence wherein they adhere to the Dura Mater nor in the Passage of the Lateral Sinus's that are situated on the side of the Occipital If the Fissure be very small the Trepan may be apply'd upon it altho' it is more expedient to use this Instrument on the side of the Fissure in the lower part neither is the Trepan to be set upon the Sinkings and if the Bones are loosen'd or separated there needs no other trepanning than to take 'em away with the Elevatory The Operation must be begun with Incision which is usually made in form of a Cross if the Wound be remote from the Sutures and there are no Muscles to be cut and in the shape of the Letter T. or of the Figure 7. if it be near the Sutures so that the Foot of the 7. or of the T. ought to be parallel to the Suture the top of the Letter descending toward the Temples it is also made in the middle of the Forehead If it be sufficient to make a longitudinal Incision in the Forehead its Wrinkles may be follow'd and there will be less Deformity in the Scar but it is never done Crosswise in this Part and the Lips of the Wound are not to be cut If an Incision be made on the Muscle Crotaphites and on those of the back-part of the Head it may be done in form of the Letter V. the Point of which will stand at the bottom of the Muscles nevertheless it is more convenient to make a longitudinal Incision by which means fewer Fibres will be cut and it is always requisite to begin at the lower part to avoid being hindred by the Haemorrhage The Incisions are to be made with the Incision-Knife and that too boldly when there are no Sinkings but if there be any too much weight must not be laid upon 'em Thus the Incision being finish'd the Lips of the Skull are to be separated either with the Fingers or some convenient Instrument Then if there be no urgent Occasion to apply the Trepan it may be deferr'd till the next Day the Wound being dress'd in the mean time with Plaisters Bolsters Pledgets and a large Kerchief or upper Dressing
off whatsoever is corrupted scarifying the Ring on the inside to to make a good Cicatrice or Scar. The Dressing and Bandage The Dressing may be prepar'd with a Linnen-Tent soft and blunt of a sufficient thickness and length to hinder the Intestines from re-entring into the Rings by their Impulsion a Thread being ty'd thereto to draw it out as occasion serves Then Pledgets are to be put into the Wound after they have been dipt in a good Digestive such as Turpentine with the Yolk of an Egg applying at the same time a Plaister a Bolster of a Triangular Figure and the Bandage call'd Spica which is made much after the same manner as that which is us'd in the Fracture of the Clavicle Of the compleat Hernia or Rupture It happens when the Intestinal Parts fall into the Scrotum in Men or into the bottom of the Lips of the Matrix in Women To perform this Operation the Patient must be laid upon his Back as in the Bubonocele and the Incision carry'd on after the same manner which is to be made in the Scrotum tearing off the Membranes to the Intestine Then a Search will be requisite to observe whether any parts stick to the Testicle if the Caul doth so it must be taken off leaving a little Piece on the Testicle but if it be the Intestine so that those Parts cannot be separated without hurting one of 'em it is more expedient to impair the Testicle than the Intestine If the Caul be corrupted it must be cut to the sound Part and the Wound is to be dress'd with Pledgets Bolsters and the Bandage Spica as in the Bubonocele CHAP. XIV Of the Operation of Castration THE Mortification or the Sarcocele of the Testicles gives occasion to this Operation to perform which the Patient must be laid upon his Back with his Buttocks higher than his Head his Legs being kept open and the Skin of the Scrotum taken up one end of which is to be held by a Servant and the other by the Surgeon who having made a longitudinal Incision therein or from the top to the bottom slips off the Flesh of the Dartos which covers the Testicle binds up the Vessels that lie between the Rings and the Tumour and cuts 'em off a Fingers ' breadth beneath the Ligature But care must be taken to avoid tying the Spermatick Vessels too hard for fear of a Convulsion and to let one end of the Thread pass without the Wound If an Excrescence of Flesh stick to the Testicle and it be moveable or loose it is requisite to take it off nearly leaving a small Piece of it on the Testicle and if any considerable Vessels appear in the Tumour they must be bound before they are cut The Dressing and Bandage The Dressing is made with Pledgets and Bolsters laid upon the Scrotum and the proper Bandage is the Suspensor of the Scrotum which hath four Heads or Ends of which the upper serve as a Cincture or Girdle and the lower passing between the Thighs are fasten'd behind to the Cincture There is also another Bandage of the Scrotum having in like manner four Heads of which the upper constitute the Cincture but it is slit at the bottom and hath no Seams the lower Heads crossing one another to pass between the Thighs and to be join'd to the Cincture Both these sorts of Bandages have a Hole to give Passage to the Yard CHAP. XV. Of the Operation of the Stone in the Ureter IF the Stone be stopt at the Sphincter of the Bladder it ought to be thrust back with a Probe If it stick at the end of the Glans it may be press'd to let it out and if it cannot come forth a small Incision may be made in the opening of the Glans on its side But if the Stone be remote from the Glans it is requisite to make an Incision in the Vreter to which purpose the Surgeon having caus'd the Skin to be drawn upward holds the Yard between two Fingers making a Longitudinal Incision on its side upon the Stone which must be prest between the Fingers to cause it to fly out or else it may be taken out with an Extractor Then if the Incision were very small the Skin needs only to be let go and it will heal of it self but if it were large a small Leaden Pipe is to be put into the Vreter lest it shou'd be altogether clos'd up by the Scar It is also expedient to anoint the Pipe with some Desiccative Medicine and to dress the Wound with Balsam Afterward a little Linnen-Bag or Case is to be made in which the Yard is to be put to keep on the Dressing but it must be pierc'd at the end for the convenience of making Water having two Bands at the other end which are ty'd round about the Waste CHAP. XVI Of the Operation of Lithotomy THIS Operation is undertaken when it is certainly known that there is a Stone in the Bladder to be assur'd of which it may not be improper to introduce a Finger into the Anus near the Os Pubis by which means the Stone is sometimes felt if there be any The Finger is likewise usually put into the Anus of young Virgins and into the Vagina Vteri of Women for the same purpose But it is more expedient to make use of the Probe anointed with Grease after this manner The Patient being laid on his Back the Operator holds the Yard streight upward the Glans lying open between his Thumb and Fore-finger then holding the Probe with his Right-hand on the side of the Rings he guides it into the Yard and when it is enter'd turns the Handle toward the Pubes drawing out the Yard a little to the end that the Canal of the Vreter may lie streight If it be perceiv'd that the Probe hath not as yet pass'd into the Bladder a Finger is to be put into the Anus to conduct it thither Afterward in order to know whether a Stone be lodg'd in the Bladder the Probe ought to be staken a little therein first on the Right-side and then on the Left and if a small Noise be heard it may be concluded for certain that there is a Stone But if it be judg'd that the Stone swims in the Bladder so that it cannot be felt the Patient must be oblig'd to make Water with a hollow Probe Another manner of searching may be practis'd thus Let the Yard be rais'd upward inclining a little to the side of the Belly let the Rings of the Probe be turn'd upon the Belly and the end on the side of the Anus and then let this Instrument be introduc'd shaking it a little on both sides to discover the Stone In order to perform the Operation of Lithotomy the Patient must be laid along upon a Table of a convenient height so as that the Surgeon may go about his Work standing the Patient's Back must also lean upon the Back of a Chair laid down
being a Finger's breadth wide and long enough to be roll'd about the whole Dressing It must be pierc'd at one of its ends and cut the length of three Fingers at the other so that the two Heads may pass thro' the Hole to surround the Finger with small Rollers CHAP. XXXI Of the Reduction of the falling of the Anus TO reduce the Anus to its proper place when it is fallen the Patient being laid upon his Belly with his Buttocks higher than his Head the Operator gently thrusts back the Roll that forms the Anus with his Fingers dipt in the Oil of Roses Then he applies the Bolsters steept in some Astringent Liquor and causeth 'em to be supported with a sort of Bandage the Nature of which we shall shew in treating of the Fracture of the Coccyx that is to say the T. the double T. or else the Sling with four Heads CHAP. XXXII Of the Reduction of the falling of the Matrix IN this Operation the Patient being laid upon her Back with her Buttocks rais'd up somentations are to be apply'd to the Part 〈◊〉 Linnen Cloth is to be laid upon the Neck of the fallen Matrix and it is to be thrust â—ery gently with the Fingers without using â—uch force If the Matrix shou'd fall out aâ—â—in it wou'd be requisite to convey a Pessaâ—â— into it after it hath been reduc'd and to â—njoyn the Patient to lie on her Back with her legs a-cross CHAP. XXXIII Of the Application of the Cautery THE Cautery is an Ulcer which is made in the Skin by applying Causticks to it â—â—er this manner The Surgeon having moisten'd the Skin 〈◊〉 a while with Spittle or else having caus'd 〈◊〉 light Friction to be made with a warm â—â—oth applies a perforated Plaister to the Part â—â—d breaks the Cautery-Stone to be laid in the little Hole leaving it for a longer or shorter time accordingly as he knows its Efficacy or as the Skin is more or less Fine Afterward he scarifieth the Burn with his Lancet and puts a Suppurative or piece of fresh Butter into the Part till the Escar be fallen off The Dressing and Bandage After the Application of the Lapis Infernalis or any other Cautery-Stone it is necessary to lay over it a Plaister a Bolster and a Circular Bandage which ought to be kept sufficiently close to press the Stone after a Pea or little Piece of Orrice-Root hath been put into the Ulcer to keep it open Then the Patient is to make use of this Bandage with which he may dress it himself Take a piece of very strong Cloth large enough to roll up the Part without crossing above it And let three or four Holes be made in one of its sides as many small Ribbans or Pieces of Tape being sow'd to the other which may be let into the Holes as occasion serves to close the Band. CHAP. XXXIV Of the Application of Leeches IT is requisite that the Leeches be taken in clear running Waters and that they be long and slender having a little Head the Back green with yellow Streaks and the Belly somewhat reddish Before they are apply'd it is also expedient to let 'em purge during some Days in fair Water fast half a Day in a Box without Water Afterward the Part being rubb'd or chaf'd with warm Water Milk 〈◊〉 the Blood of some Fowl the Opening of the Box is to be set to the Part or the Leethes themselves laid upon a Cloth for they will not fasten when taken up with the Fingers The end of their Tail may be cut with 〈◊〉 Pair of Sizzers to see the Blood run and to determine its quantity as also to facilitate their sucking When you wou'd take 'em away put Ashes Salt or any other sharp thing upon their Head and they will suddenly desist from their Work but they are not to be pull'd off by force lest they shou'd leave their Head or Stâ—ing in the Wound which wou'd be of very dangerous consequence When they are remov'd let a little Blood run out and wash the Part with salt Water Is made with a Bolster soakt in some Styptick Water if the Blood will not otherwise stop or in Brandy or aqua-Vitae if there be an Inflammation and it is to be supported with a Bandage proper for the Part. CHAP. XXXV Of the Application of the Seton TO perform this Operation a Cotton or Silk Thread is to be taken after it hath been dipt in Oil of Roses and let into a kind of Pack-Needle then the Patient sitting in a Chair is to hold up his Head backward whilst the Surgeon gripes the Skin transversely in the Nape of the Neck with his Fingers or else takes it up with a Pair of Forceps and passeth the Needle thro' the Holes of the Forceps leaving the String in the Skin As often as the Bolster that covers the Seton is taken off that part of the String which lies in the Wound is to be drawn out and cut off CHAP. XXXVI Of Scarifications SCARIFICATIONS are to be made more or less deep accordingly as necessity â—â—quires beginning at the bottom and carrying 〈◊〉 on upward to avoid being hinder'd by â—â—e Haemorrhage They must also be let one to another that Strings may not be left in â—â—e Skin CHAP. XXXVII Of the Application of Vesicatories VESICATORIES are compounded with the Powder of Cantharides or Spanish â—â—es mixt with very sower Leaven or else â—â—th Turpentine Before they are apply'd a light â—â—â—tion is to be made on the Part with a wram â—eth and a greater or lesser quantity is to be â—â—d on accordingly as the Skin is more or â—s fine leaving 'em on the Part about seven or 〈◊〉 Hours then they are to be taken away â—â—d the Blisters are to be open'd applying thereâ—â—me sort of Spirituous Liquor CHAP. XXXVIII Of the Application of Cupping-Glasses A Good Friction being first made with warm Clothes lighted Toe is to be put into the Cupping-Glass or else a Wax-Candle fasten'd to a Counter and then it is to be apply'd to the Part till the Fire be extinguish'd and the Skin swell'd re-iterating the Operation as often as it is necessary and afterward laying on a Bolster steept in Spirit of Wine These are call'd dry Cupping-Glasses But if you wou'd draw Blood every thing is to be observ'd that we have now mention'd besides that Scarifications are to be made according to the 〈◊〉 manner and the Cupping-Glass is to be set upon the Scarifications But when the Cupping-Glass is half full of Blood it must be taken off to be emptied and the Application thereof is to be re-iterated as often as it is requisite to take away any Blood Lastly the Incisionâ— are to be wash'd with some Spirituous Liquor and a Bandage is to be made convenienâ— for the Part. CHAP. XXXIX Of the opening of Abcesses or Impostumes AN Abcess or Impostume ought to be open'd in its most mature part and in the Bias of the Humours endeavouring to
promotes Suppuration and cicatrizes Wounds when the purulent Matter is drawn forth It is often laid alone upon the Bolsters and sometimes mixt with the Yolks of Eggs Turpentine and other Ointments or with Oils and Plaisters A cooling Cerate Take a Pint of Oil of Roses and three Ounces of white Wax Let the whole Composition be put into a glaz'd Earthen-Pot and the Pot set in Balneo Mariae till the Wax be well dissolv'd in the Oil Then take the Vessel out of the Bath and stir the Ointment with a Wooden Pestle till it be cool'd add two Ounces of Water and stir it about with the Pestle till it be imbib'd by the Cerate let as much more Water be infus'd and again the same quantity till the Cerate becomes very white and hath been well soakt with fresh Water Afterward all the Water is to be pour'd off by Inclination and separated as much as is possible from the Cerate which may then be kept for use but some Surgeons cause an Ounce of Vinegar to be mingl'd with it This Cerate is usually laid outwardly upon all Parts that stand in need of cooling and asswages the Pains of the Haemorrhoids or Piles It is also good for Chaps sore Nipples and other ill Accidents that happen in the Breast and is us'd for Burns either alone or mixt with other Ointments Whensoever it is necessary to apply Desiccatives and Astringents to any Part this Cerate may be mingl'd with Vnguentum de Cerussa An Ointment for Burns Take a Pound of Bores-Grease two Pints of White-Wine the Leaves of the greater Sage Ground and Wall-Ivy Sweet Marjoram or the Greater House-Leek of each two handfuls Let the whole Mass be boil'd over a gentle Fire and having afterward strain'd and squeez'd it let the Ointment so made be kept for use CHAP. III. Of Plaisters The Plaister of Diapalma TAKE three Pounds of prepar'd Litharge of Gold three Pints of common Oil two Pounds of Hogs-Lard a Quart of the Decoction of Palm-Tree or Oak-Tops four Ounces of Vitriol calcin'd till it become red and steept in the said Decoction Having bruis'd or cut very small two handfuls of Palm-Tree or Oak-Tops let 'em be boil'd slowly in three Quarts of Water till about half be consum'd and after the whole Mass hath been well squeez'd the strain'd Decoction is to be preserv'd In the mean time the Litharge is to be pounded in a great Brass Mortar and diluted with two or three Quarts of clear Water but it will be requisite readily to pour out into another Vessel the muddly Water which is impregnated with the more subtil part of the Litharge whilst the thicker remains at the bottom of the Mortar whereupon this part of the Litharge will sink to the bottom of the Water and the Litharge remaining in the Mortar is to be pounded again Then having diluted it in the Water of the first Lotion or in some other fresh Water the muddy Liquor is to be pour'd by Inclination upon the subtil Litharge that remain'd in the bottom of the Vessel Afterward you may continue to pound the Litharge to bruise it in the Water to pour it off by Inclination and to let the Powder settle till there by left only at the bottom a certain impure part of the Litharge capable of being pulveriz'd and rais'd amidst the Water As soon as the Lotions are well settl'd and care hath been taken to separate by Inclination the Water which swims over the Powder of Litharge this Powder is to be dry'd and having weigh'd out the appointed Quantity it is to be put as yet cold into a Copper-Pan lin'd with Tin and stirr'd about to mingle it with the Oil Lard and Decoction of Palm-Tree-Tops When these Ingredients have been well incorporated together a good Charcoal Fire must be kindl'd in a Furnace over which they are to be boil'd stirring 'em continually with a great Wooden Spatula and constantly maintaining an equal Degree of Heat during the whole time of their boiling At last you may add the rubify'd Vitriol dissolv'd in a Portion of the Liquor that hath been reserv'd if you wou'd have the Plaister tinctur'd with a red Colour or else white Vitriol melted in the same Decoction if it shall be thought fit to retain the Whiteness of the Plaister which may be form'd into Rolls and wrapt up with Paper This Plaister is us'd for the cure of Wounds Ulcers Tumours Burns Contusions Fractures and Chilblains and is also laid upon the Cauteris If you mingle with it the third or fourth part of its weight of some convenient Oil it will attain to the Consistence of a Cerate and this is that which is call'd Dissolved Diapalma or Cerate of Diapalma The Plaister of simple Diachylum Take of Marsh-Mallow-Roots peel'd three Drams the Seeds of Line and Fenugreek of each four Ounces three Quarts of Spring-Water two Quarts of common Oil and two Pounds of Litharge of Gold Let the Mucilages of Marsh-Mallow-Roots and of the Seeds of Line and Fenugreek be taken as hath been shewn in the making of Vnguentum Althaeae and let the Litharge be prepar'd after the same manner as for the Plaister of Diapalma Having at first well mixt the Oil with the Litharge in a large Copper-Vessel or Pan Tinn'd on the inside being wide at the top and tapering like a Cone toward the bottom as also having afterward added and well incorporated the Mucilages a moderate Charcoal Fire t s to be kindl'd in a Furnace upon which the Vessel is to be set and the whole Mass is to be stirr'd about incessantly with a Wooden Spatula and as fast as is possible A gentle Fire is to be maintain'd and the Boiling and Agitation to be continu'd till it be perceiv'd that the Plaister begins to sink in the Pan then the Heat of the Fire must be diminish'd one half at the least and it will be requisite only to cause an Evaporation by little and little of the Superfluous Moisture that might remain in the Plaister which being consum'd it will be sufficiently boil'd having attain'd to its due Consistence and Whiteness This Plaister softens and dissolves hard Swellings and even the Scirrhous Tumours of the Liver and Bowels such are the Scrophulous or King's-Evil Tumours the old remains of Abcesses c. The Plaister of Andreas Crucius Take two Ounces of Rosin four Ounces of Gum Elemi Venice Turpentine and Oil of Bays of each two Ounces After having beat in pieces the Rosin and Gum Elemi they are to be melted together over a very gentle Fire and then may be added the Turpentine and Oil of Bays When the whole Mass hath been by this means well incorporated it must be strain'd thro' a Cloth to separate it from the Dregs The Plaister being afterward cool'd is to be made up in Rolls and kept for use This Plaister is proper for Wounds of the Breast It also mundifies and consolidates all sorts of Wounds and Ulcers dissipates Contusions strengthens the Parts in
Pain Hardness and sometimes a Feaver What is a Carbuncle A Carbuncle is a hard Swelling red burning and inseparable from a Fever It is cover'd with a black Crust or Scab that afterward falls off at the Suppuration leaving a deep and dangerous Ulcer and which sometimes doth not suppurate at all What is an Anthrax The Anthrax is very near the same thing as the Carbuncle only with this difference that the latter always appears in the Glandulous Parts and the Anthrax every where else What is a Furunculus It is a kind of Boil or benign Carbuncle which somewhat resembles the Head of a Nail and is on that Account call'd Clou by the French causing Pains as if a Nail were driven into the Flesh What is a Phygeton The Phygeton is a small red and inflam'd Extuberance situated in the Miliary Glandules of the Skin where it causeth a pricking Pain without Suppuration What is a Phyma The Phyma appears after the same manner as the Phygeton and suppurates What are the Remedies proper for all these sorts of phlegmonous Tumours and Impostumes They are Cataplasms and Plaisters Anodyn Emollient Resolvent and Suppurative which are us'd proportionably as in the Phlegmons What is a Gangrene Sphacelus or Esthiomenus The Gangrene and Sphacelus signifie the same thing nevertheless are commonly distinguish'd the former being a Mortification begun and the Sphacelus an entire or perfect Mortification call'd also Necâ—â—is and Siâ—â—ratio An Estâ—â—omâ—nus is a Disposition to Mâ—â—â—â—â—â—on discover'd by the sofâ—ness of thâ—â—art and a Gangrene is defin'd to be a Mortification of a Part occasion'd by the Interception of the Spirits and the Privation of the Natural Heat What are the causes of a Gangrene in general Every thing that can hinder the Natural Heat from exerting it self in a Part as strong Ligatures astringent or resolvent Medicines not conveniently us'd in great Inflammations a violent Haemorrhage or Old Age whereby the Spirits are exhausted the bitings of Mad Dogs excessive Cold c. By what Signs is the Gangrene known It is discover'd by the livid Colour of the Skin which departs from the Flesh the softness coldness and insensibility of the part and sometimes by its dryness and blackness from whence exhales a cadaverous Stench with Sanies issuing forth after Punctures or Scarifications made therein Lastly a Gangrene is perceiv'd by the cold Sweats Swoonings Syncope's and Delirium's that invade the Patient and which are all the Fore-runners of approaching Death Is a Gangrene only found in the Flesh and soft Parts of the Body It happens also in the Bones and is then call'd Caries How is this Caries or Gangrene of the Bone discover'd when it lies hid under the Flesh It is known by the black Colour of the Neighbouring Flesh the Stink of the Sanies that comes forth the intolerable Pains felt thereabouts which are six'd and continual before the Impostume and Ulcer appear but when the Ulcer is made a kind of roughness may be perceiv'd in the Bone REMEDIES What are the Remedies proper for a Gangrene They are those that take away the morrify'd and corrupt Parts and recall the Natural Heat both which Indications are exactly answer'd in the Extirpation of what is already corrupted with the Incision-Knife and the Restauration of the Natural Heat by the following Remedies Take an Ounce of good Vinegar steeping therein a Dram of White Vitriol with as much Sal Ammoniack Let it be us'd in bathing the Part and apply thereto Bolsters well seak'd in the same Liquor This remedy is convenient in the first Disposition toward a Gangrene Or if you please you may make use of the Yellow Water which is made with Corrosive Sublimate and Lime-Water taking for Example half a Dram of Corrosive Sublimate to be infus'd in a Pint of Lime-Water But a Tincture of Myrrh and Aloes is more efficacious wherein Vnguentum Aegyptiacum is steep'd or else Lime-Water kept for that purpose in which have been boil'd two Ounces of Sulphur or Brimstone with two Drams of Mercurius Dulcis adding four Ounces of Spirit of Wine to make an excellent Phegedaenick Water with which the Part may be bathed and the Bolsters soak'd If the Gangrene passeth to the Bone the Ulcer must be immediately cleans'd with Brandy and Euphorbium afterward put into it laying also some upon the Bolsters and abstaining from all sorts of Oils and Greases But if these Remedies prove unprositable recourse is then to be had to the Incision-Knife Fire or Amputation the manner of performing which several Operations is explain'd hereafter What are Kibes or Chilblains They are painful Tumours which are often accompany'd with Inflammation they happen more especially in the nervous and outward Parts as the Heel and are so much the more sensibly selt as the Air and Cold are more sharp and Veâ—ement What is to be done in order to cure these Kibes or Chilblains The Heel or affected Part must be wash'd and dipt in Wine boil'd with Allum and Salt whereof a Cataplasm may be afterward made by adding Meal of Rye Honey and Brimstone The Juice of a hot Turnep apply'd with Vnguentum Rosatum is also very good or Petroleum alone What is a Panaritium Panaritium or Paronychia is a Tumour which generally ariseth in the Extremity of the Fingers at the Root of the Nails It is red and accompany'd with very great Pain even so exquisite that the whole Arm is sensible thereof insomuch that a Fever sometimes ensues and a Gangrene the Humour being contain'd between the Bone and the Periosteum or that little Membrane with which it is immediately invested What Remedies are convenient for the curing a Panaritium Anodyn Cataplasms are to be first apply'd that is to say such as serve to asswage excessive Pain as that which is compos'd of Milk Line-seeds beaten large Figs the Yolk of an Egg Saffron Honey and Oleum Lumbricorum with the Crum of white Bread Afterward you may endeavour to dissolve it by applying Oil of Almonds Saccharum Saturni and Ear-Wax or else Balsam of Sulphur The Plaister of Mucilages and that of Sulphur or Brimstone dissolv'd in Wine is also a most excellent Resolvent and Anodyn If it be requisite to bring this Tumour to Suppuration white Lillies roasted under Embers may be added to the preceeding Cataplasm or else a new Cataplasm may be made with Sorrel boil'd fresh Butter and a little Leaven What is a Burn A Burn is an Impression of Fire made upon a Part wherein remains a great deal of Heat with Blisters full of serous Particles or Scabs accordingly as the Fire hath taken more or less effect What are the Remedies proper for a Burn A Burn is cur'd by the speedy Application of fresh Mud re-iterated many times successively by that of peel'd Onions Vnguentum Rosatum and Populeon mixt with the Yolk of an Egg and unslack'd-Lime Cray-Fishes or Crabs pounded alive in a Leaden-Mortar and a great Number of other things If the Burn be in the Face you may
more especially take the Mucilages of the Seeds of Quinces and Psyllium and Frog's-Sperm of each an equal quantity adding to every fourâ— Ounces twenty Grains of Saccharum Sâ—tuâ—ni This Composition may be spread on the Part with a Feather and cover'd with fine Brown Paper It is an admirable and approved Receipt If the Burn hath made an Escar or Crust it may be remov'd with fresh Butter spread upon a Colewort or Cabbage Leaf and apply'd hot But in Case the Scab is too hard and doth not fall off it must be open'd to give passage to the Pus or corrupt Matter the stay of which would occasion a deep Ulcer underneath The same Method is to be observ'd in the Pustules or Blisters two Days after they are rais'd applying also the Ointment of quick Lime Oil of Roses and Yolks of Eggs. ARTICLE II. Of the Erysipelas and its Dependances WHat is an Erysipelas An Erysipelas commonly call'd St. Anthony's Fire is a small Elevation produc'd by a Flux of Choler dispers'd and running between the Skin and the Flesh It is known by its yellowish Colour great Heat and Prickings REMEDIES What are the Remedies proper for an Erysipelas An Erysipelas that ariseth in the Head and Breast is not without danger and the Cure of it ought to be undertaken with great Care in the Application as well of internal as external Remedies For it is requisite to take inwardly a Dose of the Diaphoretick Mineral Crabs-Eyes Egg-shels Powder of Vipers and other Medicines as also Potions that have the like Virtues such as the following Take four Ounces of Elder-Flower-Water adding thereto a Scruple of the volatile Salt of Vipers or Hart's-Horn with an Ounce of Syrrup of red Poppies Phlebotomy or Blood-letting hath no place here unless there be a great Plethory but frequent Clysters are not to be rejected viz. such as are made of Whay Chervil Succory and Violet-Plants adding a Dram of Mineral Crystal-dissolv'd with two Ounces of Honey of Violets As for outward Applications Linnen-Rags dipt in the Spirit of Wine impregnated with Camphire and Saffron are to be laid upon the Tumour and renew'd as fast as they are dry'd An equal quantity of Chalk and Myrrh beaten to Powder may also be strew'd upon a Sheet of Cap-Paper over-spread with Honey and apply'd to the Part. If the Heat and Pain grow excessive take half a Dram of Saccharum Saturni twenty Grains of Camphire as much Opium with two Drams of red Myrrh to be infus'd in a Gallon of White-Wine Let this Liquor be kept to soak the Cloaths that are laid upon the Erysipelas ond often renew'd But to dress the Face a Canvass Cloth may be us'd which hath been dipt in a Medicine prepar'd with a Gallon of Whey two Yolks of Eggs and a Dram of Saffron Moreover amidst all these Remedies it is necessary to oblige the Patient to keep to a good Diet and to prescribe for his ordinary Drink a Diet-Drink made of Hart's-Horn the Tops of the lesser Centory Pippins cut in Slices with their Skins and Liquorish A little good Wine may be also allow'd with the Advice of the Physician Of Erysipelatous Tumours or Impostumes and their Remedies What are the Tumours or Impostumes that parrake of the Nature of an Erysipelas They are the dry and moist Herpes the former being that which is call'd the Tetter or Ring-Worm and the other a kind of yellow Bladders Pustules or Wheals that cause itching and raise small corroding Ulcers in the Skin To these may be added divers sorts of Scabs and Itch. The Remedies prescrib'd for the Erysipâ—les may be us'd for both these kinds of Herpes as also Lotions or Bathing-Liquors made of Lime-Water and a Decoction of Wormwood and Sal Ammoniack allowing half a Dram to four Ounces of Liquor Or else take half a Dram of Sal Saâ—uâ—â—i and put it into a Glass of the Decoction of Fumitory or Chervil You may also make use of the Oil of Tartar per deliquium to make a Liniment either alone or ming'd with the above-mention'd Decoctions ARTICLE III. Of the Oedema WHat is the Oedema It is a white soft Tumour with very little sense of Pain which ariseth from the Settling of a pituitous Humour What are the Rumedies proper for an Oedema They are Fomentations Cataplasms Liniments and Plaâ—sters The Fomenâ—aâ—ions are made with Bundles of Wall-Wort or Dwarf-Elder thrown into a hot Oven after the Bread is bak'd and sprinkled with Wine Afterward being taken out smoaking they are unty'd open'd and wrapt about the Part putting a warm Linnen Cloth over ' em This Operation is to be re-iâ—erated and by this means the Humour is dissolv'd thro' Transpiration by Swear The Cataplasms are compos'd of Camomile Melilot St. John's-Wort Sage Wall-Wort Pellitory of the Wall Roots of Briony and Onions all boil'd together in White Wine with Honey adding if you please a few Cummin or Fennel Seeds beaten Cataplasms are also made of Horse-Dung and the Seeds of Cummin beaten which are boil'd in strong Vinegar and mixt with Barly-Meal to the Consistence of Pap. The Plaisters are prepar'd with an Ounce of Diapalma half an Ounce of Martiatum a Pint of Oil of Lillies half an Ounce of Cummin-Seeds powder'd half a Dram of Sal Ammoniack and an Ounce of yellow Wax to make a Consistence If any hardness remains the Plaister of Mucilages may be apply'd or that which is made of the Gums Bdellium Ammoniack and Galbanum dissolv'd in Vinegar Buâ— Care must be taken not to omit the Purgatives of Jalap to the quantity of a Dram in a Glass of White-Wine or of half an Ounce of Lozenges of Diacarthamum which are effectual in drawing out the bottom of pituitous and serous Humours that nourish the Oedema's Of Oedomatous Tumours and Impostumes What are the kinds of Tumours that partake of the Nature of an Oedema They are the Phlyctaena the Emphysema the Batrachos or Ranunculus the Wen the Talpa the Bronchocele the Ganglion the Fungus the Scurf the Scrophula or King's-Evil and all sorts of Dropsies both general and particular What are Phlyctaena's They are Pustules or Blisters fill'd with a white and somewhat yellowish Humour What is an Emphysema It is a kind of flatuous Tumour wherein Wind is contain'd with a little slimy Phlegm What is a Batrachos or Ranunculus It is a Blister fill'd with slimy Water that ariseth under the Tongue near the String and in French is call'd Grenouillette or the little Frog which is the same with its Greek and Latin Names What is a Wen It is a Tumour consisting of thick plaistry Phlegm which is reckon'd among the Encysted What is a Talpa It is a soft and very broad Tumour which usually appears in the Head and Face containing a white thick and pituitous Matter What is a Bronchocele It is a bunch'd Tumour which ariseth in the Throat and causeth it to swell extremely being compos'd of thick Phlegm mix'd with a little Blood and ranked among the Encysted Tumours
dreadful Symptoms or concomitant Circumstances The Degenerate Cancer is that which succeeds an obstinate and ill-dress'd Tumour or Impostume and which becomes an Ulcerated Cancer without assuming the Nature of a blind or occult one What Remedies are requisite to be apply'd to a blind Cancer In regard that it cannot be known in this Condition without difficulty it is often neglected nevertheless it is a Matter of great Moment to prevent its Consequences more especially by a good Diet and by general Remedies which may gently rectifie the intemperature of the Bowels Afterwards Baths may be prescrib'd together with the use of Whey Asses-Milk and Specificks in general as Powders of Crab's-Eyes Vipers Adders and others As for Topical Remedies none are to be administer'd except it be judg'd convenient to apply to the Tumour a Piece of Lead rubb'd with Quick-silver all others serving only to make the Skin tender and apt to break The Patient may also take for his Drink Water of Scorzonera and Hart's-Horn with the Flowers of Bugloss or Borage and Liquorice Or else Quick-silver-Water alone boiling an Ounce of it in a Quart of Water every time the Quick-silver always remaining at the bottom of the Vessel What are the Remedies for an ulcerated Cancer Besides the general ones that are the same with those of the blind Cancer there are also Topical which may take place here The Powders of Toads Moles Frogs and Crabs calcin'd cleanse the Ulcers perfectly well A Decoction of Vipers and Crabs may serve to bath 'em and some of it may be taken inwardly Detersives made of Lime-Water or Whey clarify'd and boil'd with Chervil are very good and if you please you may add Camphire or Saccharum Saturni If the Pains grow violent recourse is to be had to Laudanum one or two Grains whereof may be given in a little Conserve of Roses When the Cancer is situated in the Glandules or Flesh the Extirpation of it may also be undertaken with good Success As for the manner of handling Degenerate Cancers respect must be always had to the kind of Tumour from whence it deriv'd its Original CHAP. IV. Of Bastard or Encysted Tumours WHAT is an Encysted or Bastard Tumour or Impostume It is that which is made of a Setling of mixt and corrupt Humours the Matter whereof is contain'd in certain proper Cystes or Membranous Bags What are the kinds of these Tumours They are the Steatoma the Atheroma the Meliceris the Wen the Bronchocele and the Scrophula or King's-Evil How is the difference between these Tumours discern'd The Steatomá is known by its Matter resembling Suet as that of the Atheroma resembleth Pap and that of the Meliceris is like Honey These three Tumours cannot be well distinguish'd on the outside in regard that they do not change the natural Colour of the Skin which equally retains in all three the print of the Fingers that press it But the Bronchocele is discover'd by the Place and Part which it possesseth that is to say the Throat as also by its somewhat hard consistence without the Alteration of the Skin The Scrophulae or King's-Evil Swellings are known by their unequal Hardness and their situation in the Glandules either in the Neck Arm-pits or elsewhere without alteration likewise of the Skin REMEDIES What is the Method to be observ'd in curing these sorts of Tumours An Attempt is to be made to dissolve 'em as in all the others nevertheless the safest way is to bring 'em to Suppuration and to extirpate the Cystes which are apt to be sill'd again after the Dissipation of the Humour What are the Medicines proper to dissolve these Tumours They are all such as may be us'd for the Oedema and Scirrhus but the Specificks or particular Remedies are these Take Rosemary Sage Wormwood Elder great Celandine Camomile Melilot St. John's Wort and Tobacco boil 'em in White-Wine with Soot and Mercurial Honey adding thereto Cummin-seeds beaten and Olcum Lumbricorum to make a Cataplasm which is to be renew'd twice a Day Afterward if the Tumour be not dispers'd you may apply the following Plaister which hath an admirable Effect Take an equal Portion of the Plaister of Diachylon Devigo and four times as much Mercury and Emplastrum Divinum let 'em be dissolv'd together then intermix Saffron and Oil of Tobacco to make a Plaister with the whole Mass which may be spread upon thin Leather and apply'd to the Tumour without taking it off only once every eighth Day to cool it so that it must be laid on again after having wash'd and bath'd the Part with warm Urine or Brine But it is to be always remember'd that external Remedies take effect only imperfectly unless they are assisted by internal such as in this case are reirerated Purgations join'd with a regular Diet. What are the Remedies proper to excite Suppuration To this purpose those may be us'd that serve in other kinds of Tumours But as for the extirpation of the Cystis it is done by dividing the Tumour into four Parts by procuring Suppuration and by consuming the Bag by little and little The Bronchocele alone will not admit this Extirpation by reason of the great Number of Nerves Veins and neighbouring Arteries amidst which the Tumour is settl'd However Bronchotomy or opening the Throat may be perform'd which is an Operation peculiar to this Tumour CHAP. V. Of Critical Malignant Pestilential and Venereal Tumours and Impostumes WHAT difference is there between Critical Malignant Pestilential and Venereal Tumours It consists in these particular circumstances viz. that Critical Tumours or Impostumes are indifferently all such as are form'd at the End or Termination of Diseases in whatsoever Place or Part they appear Malignant Impostumes or Tumours are those that are obstinate and do not easily yield to the most efficacious Remedies Pestilential Impostumes or Tumours are those that are accompany'd with a Fever Swooning Head-ach and Faintness They usually arise in the time of a Plague or Pestilence and are contagious Venereal Tumours or Impostumes are those that appear only at the bottom of the Groin and are the product of an impure Coitus However the Critical Impostume may be Malignant Pestilential and Venereal the Malignant Impostume may be neither Critical nor Pestilential nor Venereal But the Pestilential and Venereal Tumours are always Malignant What are the ordinary kinds of Critical Tumours or Impostumes They are the Anthrax the Boil the Phlegmon and the Parotides or Swellings in the Almonds of the Ears What are the kinds of Malignant Tumours or Impostumes They are the Cancer the Scrophula or King's-Evil and others of the like Nature What are the kinds of Pestilential Tumours or Impostumes They are Carbuncles that break out every where a sort of Authrax which appears under the Arm-pits and Bubo's in the Groin What are the kinds of Venereal Tumours or Impostumes They are Botches or Bubo's and Cancers that arise in the Yard as also Wens and Condyloma's in the Fundament What is the difference between
a Pestilential and a Venereal Buboe They may be distinguish'd by their Situation and respective Accidents the Pestilential lying higher and the Venereal lower Besides a Fever Sickness at the Heart and an universal Faintness or Weakness are the ordinary concomitant Circumstances of the former whereas the Venereal Buboe is always the consequence of an impure Coitus and is attended with no other Symptoms than those of common Tumours viz. Pain Heat Shootings or Prickings c. As for the Remedies they may be sought for among those that have been already prescrib'd for Tumours CHAP. VI. Of the Scurvy THIS Disease is known by the Ulcers of the Mouth which are very stinking as also by excessive Salivation great Pains in the Head Dizziness frequent Epilepsies Apoplexies and Palsies The Face being of a pale red and dark Colour is sometimes puff'd up or bloated inflam'd and beset with Pustules The Teeth are loose and â—ake the Gums are swell'd itch putrifie exulcerate and are eaten with the Canker and the Jaw is almost unmoveable The Members are bow'd and cannot be extended The Patients become stupid and drowsie so that they fetch their Breath with difficulty are obnoxious to Palpitations of the Heart and Coughs and fall into Swoons The Ulcers sometimes are so malignant that their Cheeks are entirely eaten up and their Teeth seen They are also much inclin'd to Vomitting Looseness and Gripes and their Entrails are swell'd They have red and livid Pustules on their Belly and Privy-parts which sometimes break out into Ulcers their whole Body being dry'd c. This Disease may be easily cur'd in the beginning but when it is grown inveterate and invades the Bowels it becomes incurable as well as when it is the Epidemical Disease of the Country or the Persons afflicted with it are old or well advanc'd in Years In undertaking the Cure it is requisite to begin with a good Diet and to sweeten the Blood let the Patient take the Broth of boil'd Fowl eating Pullets and Eggs in the Broth may also be put divers sorts of Antiscorbutick Herbs viz. Cresses Spinage Parsly-Roots Sparagus Smallage Scorzonera Scurvy-Grass c. Let him eat nothing that is high season'd nor acid or sharp let him drink pure Claret without any adulterate Mixture let him use moderate Exercise and Rest Lastly let him keep his Mind sedate and free from all manner of violent Passion The following Remedies taken inwardly are very good for the Scurvy viz. the Tincture of Flints from ten Grains to thirty Diaphoretick Antimony from six Grains to thirty sweet Sublimate from six Grains to thirty Mars Diaphoreteus from ten Grains to twenty Crocus Martis Aperitivus from ten Grains to two Scruples prepar'd Coral from ten Grains to one Dram Volatile Spirit of Sal Ammoniack from six Drops to twenty Water of Cresses from fifteen Drops to one Dram Spirit of Scurvy-grass from ten Drops to one Dram Tincture of Antimony from four Drops to twenty Oily Volatile Sal Ammoniack from four Grains to fifteen Spirit of Guyacum from half a Dram to a Dram and a half Vitrioliz'd Tartar from ten Grains to thirty the Volatile Salt of Tartar Urine Vipers and Hart's-Horn of each from six Grains to fifteen the Spirit of Gum Ammoniack from eight Drops to sixteen White Mercury Precipitate from four to ten Grains Mercurial Panacaea from six Grains to two Scruples We shall shew the manner of compounding 'em in our Treatise of Venereal Diseases It is also expedient to give Emollient and Detersive Clysters to the Patient at Night going to bed his Body being always kept open with convenient Diet-drinks Afterward let him take gentle Sudorificks such as are made of the Decoctions of Fumitory wild Cicory Dandelion Hart's-Tongue Scabious the lesser House-Leek Germander Borage Scorzonera-Root and Polypody with Flowers of Broom Elder and Mary gold These are stronger for cold Constitutions viz. Decoctions of Scurvy-Grass Lepidium Arse-smart the lesser Celandine Wormwood little House-Leek Trifolium Febrinum Angelico Juniper-Berries c. Convenient Decoctions to wash the Mouth may be made with Sage Rosemary Hyssop Oak-Leaves Scurvy-Grass Cresses Tobacco Roots of Bistort Aristolochy or Birth-Wort Tormentil Flower-de-Luce Balaustia or Pomegranate-Flowers Red Roses c. To corroborate the Gums Gargarisms are made of Anti-Scorbutick Plants as of Spirit of Scurvy-Grass two Drams one Scruple of Spirit of Vitriol one Scruple of common Salt four Ounces of Rose-Water and Plantane-Water But if the Gums are putrefy'd they are to be rubb'd with Honey of Roses and some Drops of Spirit of Salt To asswage the Pains of the Members Bathings and Fomentations are to be us'd and a Decoction of Saxifrage taken inwardly with some Grains of Laudanum is good for that Purpose To allay the Gripes Clysters may be given with Whey Sugar Yolks of Eggs Syrrop of Poppies and Oils of Earth-Worms Scurvy-Grass Camomile c. Against the Scorbutick Dropsy take the Essence of Trifolium Febrinum and Elicampane from twenty four Drops to thirty and continue the use thereof Milk taken inwardly hinders Vomitting and a Broth or Gelly of Crabs sweetens the Blood The Looseness may be stopt with the Essence of Wormwood and Spirit of Mastick as also the Fever with Febrifuges and Anti-scorbuticks The Spots may be fomented with Decoctions of Aromatick and Anti-Scorbutick Herbs and Nitre For the Ulcers of the Legs pulverize an equal quantity of Saccharum Saturni Crocus Martis Myrrh and Mercurius Dulcis and lay it upon the Bolsters that are to be apply'd to the Sores To mollifie the sharpness of Acid Humours this is a good Remedy Prepare half an Ounce of Spirit of Scurvy-Grass two Drams of tartariz'd Spirit Ammoniack a Dram of the Tincture of Worms Take thrice a Day fifteen or twenty Drops of this Liquor in a Decoction of the Tops of Firr Against the Tubercles take two Handfuls of the Flowers of Camomile and Elder three Drams of Briony-Root and an Handful of White-Bread Crum Boil the whole Composition in Milk and make Cataplasms thereof To mitigate the Pains in the Head take twenty or thirty five Drops of the Tincture of Amber in Anti-scorbutick Spirits or Waters The difficulty of Respiration may be remov'd by a Medicinal Composition made of two Drams of an Anti-scorbutick Water two Drams of the Essence of Elicampane and half a Dram of the Spirit of Gum Ammoniack take three or four Spoonfuls thereof several times in a Day To prevent the putrefaction of the Gums take one Dram of the Tincture of Gum Lacca three Drams of the Spirit of Scurvy-Grass with fifteen or twenty Drops of Oil of Tartar made per Deliquium and rub the Gums with this Composition many times in a Day Brandy in which Camphire is infus'd or Spirit of Wine is likewise a most excellent Remedy as also all Lotions or Washes made with the Waters or Decoctions of Anti-scorbutick Plants For Leanness Goat's-Milk with the Spirit of Scurvy-Grass may be us'd and other Waters drawn from Anti-scorbutick Plants The
Aloes or with simple Decoctions of Wormwood Scâ—â—dium or Water-Germander Bugle Sanicle and Hore-Hound in White-Wine as also by prescribing the Vulnerary Decoctions of Powder of Crab's-Eyes and Saccharum Saturni to be token inwardly to consume the acid Humours which are a very great Obstacle that hinders the speedy cure of Wounds What are the Vulnerary Plants the Decoâ—ion 〈◊〉 which is to be taken inwardly They are Alchymilla or Lion's-Foot Ground-Ivy Veronica or Fluellin St. John's-Wort Wormwood Centory Bugle Sanicle Chervil and others The Broth of Crabs may also be prescrib'd which is an excellent Remedy and may serve instead of a Vulnerary Potion Sometimes Sutures or Stitches contribute very much to the re-uniting of the Lips of Wounds when they cannot be join'd by Bandage CHAP. III. Of particular Wounds of the Head WHAT ought first to be consider'd in a Wound of the Head Two things that is to say the Wound it self and the Instrument with which it was made for by the Consideration of the Wound we may know whether it be Superficial or Deep and by that of the Instrument we are enabled to make a truer Judgment concerning the Nature of the same Wound What is a Superficial and what is a Deep Wound in the Head That is call'd a Superficial Wound in the Head which lies only in the Skin and that a Deep one which reacheth to the Pericranium Skull or Substance of the Brain What is to be apply'd to a Superficial Wound It is cur'd with a little Queen of Hungary Water or else with a little Balsam laying upon it the Surgeon's Plaister or that of Betony But if the Wound or Rent be somewhat large it must be clos'd with a Stitch. What is to be done to a Deep Wound If it be situated in the Pericranium the Wound must be kept open waiting for Suppuration but if it enter the Skull an Enquiry is to be made whether there be a Simple Contusion or a Fracture also In the Contusion it is necessary to wait for the Suppuration and the fall of the Splint and to keep the Wound open as in â—he Fracture to examine whether it be in the first Table only or in both it is known to be only in the first by the Application of an Instrument and of Ink as also in regard that there are no ill Symptoms but a Fracture in both Tables shews it self by the Signs and it may be found out by making a Crucial Incision in the Flesh to discover the Fissure What are the Signs of the Fracture of the twâ— Tables of the Skull and of the overflowing of the Blood upon the Membranes of the Brain They are the loss of the Understanding at the very Moment of receiving the Wound an Haemorrhage or Flux of Blood thro' the Nose Mouth or Ears drowsiness and heaviness of the Head and more especially Vomitting of Phlegm from whence may be inferr'd the necessity of making use of the Trepan What Consequence may be drawn from the Knowledge of the Instrument with which the Wound was made It is according to the Quality of this Instrument as it is proper to cut prick or bruise if it be cutting the Wound is more Superficial and not subject to a great Suppuration If it be pricking the Wound is deeper but of small Moment If it be a battering or bruising Instrument the Wound is accompany'd with Contusion producing a great Suppuration besides the Concussion and Commotion of the Part which are inseparable and often cause very dangerous Symptoms Inferences may be made also from the disposition of the wounded Person for a strong robust Man may better bear the Stroke than a weak one and even Anger causeth an Augmentation of Vehemency so that all such Circumstances are not to be despis'd in regard that they give occasion to profitable Conjectures What particular Circumstance is there to be observ'd in undertaking the Cure of Wounds in the Face It is that a more nice Circumspection is requir'd here than elsewhere in abstaining from Incisions as well as in making choice of proper Medicines which must be free from noisome Smells and it is in this Part chiefly that Balsams are to be used avoiding Suppuration to prevent Scars and other Deformities CHAP. IV. Of the particular Wounds of the Breast WHAT is to be observ'd in Wounds of the Breast Two things viz. whether they penetrate into the Cavity of the Thorax or not which may be discover'd by the Probe and by a Wax-Candle lighted and apply'd to the Entrance of the Wound obliging the Patient to return to the same Posture wherein he receiv'd the Hurt as also to keep his Nose and Mouth shut For then the Flame may be perceiv'd to be wavering the Orifice of the Opening being full of Bubbles a Judgment may be also made from the running out of the Blood What is to be done when it is certainly known that the Wound penetrates into the Cavity of the Breast It is necessary to examine what Part may be hurt by considering the situation of the Wound and its Symptoms If the Lungs are piered a spitting of froathy Vermilion-colour'd Blood ensues with difficulty of Respiration and a Cough If any of the great Vessels are open'd the wounded Person feels a Weight at the bottom of his Breast is seiz'd with cold Sweats being scarce able to fetch his Breath and Vomits Blood some Portion whereof issueth out of the Wound If the Diaphragm or Midriff be cut in its Tendinous Part he is suddenly hurry'd into Convulsions And if the Heart be wounded either in its Basis or Ventricles he falls into a Swoon and dies incontinently But if the Probe doth not enter and none of the above-mention'd Symptoms appear it may be taken for granted that the Wound is of no great Consequence What is to be done when the Wound penetrates into the Chest yet none of the Parts are hurt only there is an Effusion of Blood over the Diaphragm It is necessary to make an Empyema for otherwise the diffus'd Blood in corrupting wou'd inevitably cause an Inflammation Gangrene and Death it self What is an Empyema It is an Operation whereby any sorts of Matter are discharg'd with which the Diaphragm is over-spread by making a Puncture or Opening in the Breast CHAP. V. Of the particular Wounds of the lower Belly WHAT is to be done to know the quality of a Wound made in the lower Belly It is requisite to make use of the Probe to observe the situation of the Wound and to take notice of all the Symptoms For by the help of the Probe one may discover whether it hath penetrated into the Cavity or not after having enjoyn'd the Patient to betake himself to the same Posture wherein he was when he first receiv'd the Wound By its situation a Conjecture may be made that such a particular Part may be hurt and by a due Examination of the Symptoms one may attain to an exact Knowledge As for Example It is known that one of
Lime in which Brimstone hath been boil'd with Mercurius Dulcis and the Spirit of Wine is a very efficacious Remedy In a considerable Gangrene after having made deep Scarifications let Horse-Dung be boil'd in Wine and laid upon the Part in form of a Cataplasm This is an approved Remedy If a Sphacelus be begun scarifie the Part and apply thereto abundance of Vnguentum Aegyptiacum over and above the Ointments and Cataplasms already describ'd remembring always that when the Gangrene degenerates into a Sphacelus all the mortify'd Parts must be incontinently separated or cut off from the sound CHAP. VII Of Vlcers in general WHAT is an Vlcer An Ulcer is a Rupture of the Natural Union of the Parts made a long while ago which is maintain'd by the Sanies that runs out of its Cavity or an Ulcer takes its Rise from a Wound that cou'd not be well cur'd in its proper time by reason of the ill quality of its Pus or corrupt Matter What difference is there between a Wound and 〈◊〉 Vlcer It is this that a Wound always proceeds from an external Cause and an Ulcer from an internal such as Humours that fall upon a Part or else a Wound in growing inveterate degenerates into an Ulcer Whence is the difference of Vlcers deriv'd It is taken from the Causes that produce 'em and the Symptoms or Accidents with which they are accompany'd Thus upon Account of their Causes they are call'd Benâ—gn or Malignant Great Little Dangerous or Mortal and by reason of their Accidents they are term'd Putrid Corrosive Cavernous Fistulous Cancerous c. Do Vlcers always proceed from external Causes or from an outward Wound degenerated No they sometimes also derive their Origine from internal Causes as the Acrimony of Humours or their Malignant Quality the Retention of a Splint of a Bone and other things of the like Nature These Ulcers are commonly call'd Primitive and the others Degenerate What are Putrid Corrosive Cavernous Fistulous and Cancerous Vlcers The Putrid Ulcer is that wherein the Flesh is soft and scabby the Pus and Ichor being viscous stinking and of a cadaverous smell The Corrosive Ulcer is that which by the Acrimony and Malignity of its Sanies corrodes makes hollow corrupts and mortifies the Flesh The Cavernous Ulcer is that the Entrance of which is streight and the bottom broad wherein there are many Holes fill'd with malignant Sanies without any callosity or hardness in its sides The Fistulous Ulcer is that which hath long streight and deep Holes with much hardness in its sides the Sanies whereof is sometimes virulent and sometimes not The Cancerous Ulcer is large having its Lips bloated hard and knotty of a brown Colour with thick Veins round about full of a livid and blackish sort of Blood In the bottom aâ—â— divers round Cavities which stink extremely by reason of the ill Quality of the Sanies that runs out from thence Are there no other kinds of Vleers Yes there are also Verminous Chironian Telephian Pocky Scorbutick and others which have much affinity with and may well be reckon'd among the five Kinds already specify'd What are the means to be us'd in the curing of Vcers Ulcers ought to be well mundify'd dry'd and cicatriz'd but with respect to the several Causes and Accidents that render 'em obstinate and difficult to be cur'd it is also requisite to make use of internal Medicines which may restrain and consume ' em If their sides grow callous they are to be scarify'd in order to bring 'em to Suppuration and if there be any Excrescences they must be eaten away with corroding Powders such as that of Allom or by the Infernal Cautery What are the Remedies proper to cleanse and dry up Vlcers To this Purpose divers sorts of Liquors may be us'd as also Powders and Plaisters The Liquors are usually made of Briony-Roots the greater Celandine Lime and Yellow Water a Tincture of Myrrh Aloes and Saffron and Whey whereto is added Saccharum Saturni so that the Ulcers may be wash'd or bath'd with these Liquors and very good Injections may be compounded of ' em The Powders are those of Worm-eaten-Oak Allom and Cinoper the last of these being us'd by burning it to cause the Fume to be convey'd to the Ulcer thro' a Funnel The Country People often make use of Potter's-Earth to dry up their Ulcers with good Success but then they must not be of a Malignant Nature The Plaisters are Emplastrum de Betonica Diasulphuris Dessiccativum Rubrum and others and the Ointments are such as these Take three Yolks of Eggs half an Ounce of Honey and a Glass of Wine and make thereof a mundifying Ointment according to Art Otherwise Take Lime well wash'd and dry'd several times let it be mingled with the Oil of Line and Bolus and it will make an excellent Ointment to mundifie and dry a little Mercury Precipitate may be intermixt if you please to augment the drying Quality and Mercurius Dulcis may be added in the Injections For Ulcers in the Legs and Cancerous Ulcers take Plantain-Water and Allom-Water or else Spirit of Wine Vnguentum Aegyptiacum and Treacle or else an Extract of the Roots of round Birth-Wort made in the Spirit of Wine Gun-Powder alone dissolv'd in Wine is of singular Use to wash the Ulcers and afterwards to wet the Pledgets which are to be apply'd to ' em But here are two particular and specifick Medicines to mollifie a Cancer Take Saccharum Saturni Camphire and Soot let 'em be incorporated with the Juice of House-Leek and Plantain in a Leaden-Mortar then make a Liniment thereof and cover the Part affected as lightly as is possible to be done as with a simple Canvass-Cloth or a Sheet of Cap-Paper Or else Take the destill'd Water of rotten Apples and mingle it with the Extract of the Roots of round Birth-Wort made in Spirit of Wine reserving this Liquor to wash the Part and to make Injections CHAP. VIII Of Venereal Diseases Of the Chaude-pisse or Gonorrhaea THE Signs of this Disease are a painful Distention of the Penis or Yard and a scalding Pain in making Water the Urine being pale whitish and full of Filaments or little Threads Sometimes the Testicles are swell'd as well as the Glans and Praeputium and sometimes there is a Flux of a kind of Matter yellowish Greenish c. If there be a great Inflammation in the Yard endeavours must be us'd to allay it by letting Blood and afterward the Patient may take a cooling and diuretick Diet-Drink as also Emulsions made with cold Seeds in Whey A very good Decoction may be prepar'd in all places and without any trouble by putting a Dram of Sal Prunâ—llâ— into every Quart of Water whereof the Patient is to drink as often as he can This Decoction is very cooling and diuretick and the use of it ought to be continu'd till the Inflammation be asswag'd Then some gentle Purges are to be prescrib'd in the beginning such as an Ounce of
the Neck of the Vials must be in like manner separated still preserving the Sublimate in the middle which will then be very well dulcify'd and amount to the quantity of twenty five Ounces and an half It is an Efficacious Remedy for all sorts of Venereal Diseases removes Obstructions kills Worms and purgeth gently by stool being taken in Pills from six Grains to thirty Of the proper Composition of the Mercurial Panacaea Take what quantity you please of sweet Sublimate reduce it to Powder in a Marble or Glass-Mortar and put it into a Matras three quarters whereof remain empty and of which you have cut off the Neck in the middle of its Height Then place this Matras in a Furnace or Balneum of Sand and make a little Fire underneath for an Hour to give a gentle Heat to the Matter which may be augmented by little and little to the third degree Let it continue in this state about five Hours and the Matter will be sublimated within that space of time Then let the Vessel cool and break it throwing away as unprofitable a little light sort of Earth of a reddish Colour which is found at the bottom and separating all the Sublimate from the Glass Afterward pulverize it a second time and let it be sublimated in a Matras as before Thus the Sublimations must be reiterated seven several times changing the Matrasses every time and casting away the light Earth Then having reduc'd your Sublimate to a very sine impalpable Powder by grinding it upon a Porphyry or Marble Stone put it into a Glass Cucurbite or Gourd pour into it alkaliz'd Spirit of Wine to the height of four Fingers cover the Cucurbite with its Head and leave the Matter in Infusion during fifteen Days stirring it about from time to time with an Ivory Spatula Afterward set your Cucurbite in Balneo Mariae or in a Vaporous Bath make fit a Recipient to the Mouth of the Alembick lute the Joints exactly with a moisten'd Bladder and cause all the Spirit of Wine to be destill'd with a moderate Fire Let the Vessels be cool'd and unluted and the Panacaea will appear at the bottom of the Cucurbite If it be not already dry enough you may dry it up with a gentle Fire in the Sand stirring it with an Ivory or Wooden Spatula in the Cucurbite it self till it be reduc'd to Powder It may be kept for use in a Glass-Vessel as a Remedy of very great Efficacy for all sorts of Venenereal Diseases as also for Obstructions the Scurvy Scrophula or King's-Evil Tettar Scab Scurf Worms Ascarides inveterate Ulcers c. The Dose is from six Grains to two Scruples in Conserve of Roses A TREATISE OF THE DISEASES OF THE BONES CHAP. I. Of the Dislocation of the Bones WHAT are the Diseases incident to the Bones They are five in number viz. Dislocation Fracture Caries or Ulcer Exostosis and Nodus What is a Dislocation or Luxation It is the starting of the Head of one Bone out of the Cavity of another with an Interdiction of the proper Motion of the Part Or else it is the disjointing of two Bones united together for the Motion of a Part. How many causes are there of Dislocation in general Two that is to say one violent and the other gentle thus the Dislocation is made violently in Falls Strains Knocks and Blows but it is done gently and slowly in Defluctions of Rheum as also by an insensible gathering together of Humours between the Joints and upon the Ligaments the Relaxation or loosening of which gives occasion afterward to the Head of the Bone to go out of its place whence this Consequence may well be drawn viz. that a violent Dislocation usually depends upon an external Cause and a gentle Dislocation upon an internal After how many manners doth a Dislocation happen Two several Ways viz. the first is called compleat total and perfect and the second incompleat partial and imperfect But both may happen before behind on the inside and without and may also be simple or complicated What are the signs of a perfect total and compleat Dislocation It is when a hard Tumour or Swelling is perceiv'd near a Hole in the place of the Joint great pain being felt in the Part and the Motion of it abolith'd What are the signs of an imperfect partial and incompleat Dislocation It is when the Motion is streighten'd and weaker than ordinary so that some Pain is felt in the Joynt and a Deformity may be discern'd therein by comparing the hurt Part with the opposite which is sound This Dislocation is otherwise call'd a Sprain when it proceeds from an external Cause or else it is termed a Relaxation when it happens by an internal What is a simple and what is a complicated Dislocation or Luxation The Dislocation is properly simple when it hath no concomitant Accidents and it is complicated when accompany'd with some ill Symptoms or Accidents such as Swellings Inflammations Wounds Fractures c. What are the means proper to be us'd in a simple Dislocation A speedy and simple reducing thereof which is perform'd by stretching out the dislocated or luxated Member and thrusting back the Head of the Bone into its natural place Afterward the Joynt must be strengthen'd with a Fomentation made with Provence Roses the Leaves of Wormwood Rosemary Camomile St. John's-Wort and Oak-Moss boil'd in the Lees of Wine and forge-Forge-Water keeping the Part well bound up and sustain'd in a convenient situation But if any ill Consequence is to be fear'd apply Emplastrum Oxycroceum or Diapalma dissolv'd in Wine What is to be done in a complicated Dislocation The Accidents must be first remov'd and then the Bone may be set which is impossible to be done otherwise it being dangerous even to make an Attempt before by reason of the too great Violence with which it is effected and which would infallibly produce a Convulsion or a Gangrene If the Dislocation be accompany'd with a Wound must the Wound be cur'd before any Endeavours are us'd to reduce it No but the Symptoms of the Wound which hinder the Operation must be taken away as the Swelling Inflammation and others of the like Nature and then it may be reduc'd and the Wound may be dress'd according to the usual Method If the Dislocation be complicated with the Fracture what is to be done then It is necessary to begin with reducing of the Dislocation and afterward to perform that of the Fracture by reason of the Extension which must be made to reduce the Dislocation which would absolutely hinder the Setling of the Fracture How is the Inflammation and Swelling to be asswag'd With Linnen Cloaths dipt in Brandy and common Water which must be often renew'd or else with the Tops of Wormwood and Camomile with Sage and Rosemary boil'd in the Lees of Wine wherein the Bolsters and Bands are to be steep'd But all Repereussives and Astringents must be avoided How doth it appear that the Reduction is
Matter when he turns himself from one side to another If the Tumour appears on the outside the Abcess may be open'd between the Ribs but if no external Signs are discern'd the Surgeon may choose a more convenient place to make the Opening Thus when the Patient is set upon his Bed and conveniently supported the Opening is to be made between the second and third of the Spurious Ribs within four Fingers breadth of the Spine and the lower Corner of the Omoplata to this purpose the Skin is to be taken up a-cross to cut it in its length the Surgeon holding it on one side and the Assistant on the other The Incision is made with a streight Knife two or three Fingers breadth long and the Fibres of the great Dorsal-Muscle are cut a-cross that they may not stop the Opening Then the Surgeon puts the Fore-Finger of his Left-hand into the Incision to remove the Fibres and divides the Intercostal Muscles guiding the Point of the Knife with his Finger to pierce the Pleuron for fear of wounding the Lungs which sometimes adhere thereto the Opening being thus finish'd if the Matter runs well it must be taken out but if not the Fore-Finger must be put into the Wound to disjoyn those Parts of the Lungs that stick to the Pleuron To let out the Matter the Patient must be oblig'd to lean on one side stopping his Mouth and Nose and puffing up his Cheeks as if he were to blow vehemently then if Blood appears a greater quantity of it may be taken away than if it were Matter in regard that a Flux of Matter weakens more than that of Blood It is also worth the while to observe that in making the Incision the Intercostal Muscles ought to be cut a-cross that the side of the Ribs may not be laid bare by which means the Wound will not so soon become Fistulous If it be judg'd that purulent Matter is contain'd in both sides of the Breast it is requisite that the Operation be done on each side it being well known that the Breast is divided into two Parts by the Mediastinum But in this case the two Holes made by the Incision must not be left open at the same time for fear of suffocating the Patient The Dressing and Bandage The Wound is dress'd with a Tent of Lint arm'd with Balsam being soft and blunt at the end which enters only between the Ribs for fear of hurting the Lungs but a good Pledget of Lint is more convenient than a Linnen Tent however a Thread must be ty'd to the Pledget or Tent lest it shou'd fall into the Breast and Bolsters are to be put into the Wound as also a Plaister or Band over the whole This Dressing is to be kepc close with a Napkin fasten'd round the Breast with Pins and supported by a Scapulary which is a sort of Band the breadth of which is equal to that of six Fingers having a Hole in the middle to let in the Head One of its ends falls behind and the other before and they are both fasten'd to the Napkin Thus the Patient is laid in Bed and set half upright If the Lungs hinder the running out of the Matter a Pipe is us'd and the Wound afterward dress'd according to Art CHAP. X. Of the Operation of the Paracentesis of the Lower-Belly THIS Manual Operation is sometimes necessary in a Dropsie when Watry Humours are contain'd in the Cavity of the Belly or else between the Teguments The Disease is manifest by the great Swelling and the Operation is perform'd with a Cane or a Pipe made of Silver or Steel with a sharp Stilet at the end altho' the Ancients were wont to do it with a Lancet The Patient being supported sitting on a Bed or in a great Elbow-Chair to the end that the Water may run downward a Servant must press the Belly with his Hands that the Tumour may be extended whilst the Surgeon perforates it three or four Fingers breadth below the Navel and makes the Puncture on the side to avoid the White-Line but before the Opening is made it is expedient that the Skin be a little lifted up The pointed Stilet being accompany'd with its Pipe remains in the Part after the Puncture but it is remov'd to let out the Water and a convenient quantity of it is taken away accordingly as the Strength of the Patient will admit The Stilet makes so small an Opening that it is not to be fear'd lest the Water shoul'd run out which might happen in making use of the Lancet because there wou'd be occasion for a thicker Pipe When a new Puncture is requisite it must be begun beneath the former but if the Waters cause the Navel to stand out the Opening may be made therein without seeking for any other place The Bandage and Dressing Are prepar'd with a large four-double Bolster kept close with a Napkin folded into three or four Folds which is in like manner supported by the Scapulary The Operation of the Paracentesis of the Scrotum Is undertaken when those Parts are full of Water after this manner Assoon as the Patient is plac'd in a convenient Posture either standing or sitting the Operator lays hold on the Scrotum with one Hand presseth it a little to render the Tumour hard and makes a Puncture as in the Paracentesis of the Abdomen In an Hydrocele that happens to young Infants the Opening may be made with a Lancet to take away all the Water at once But in Men especially when there is a great quantity thereof it is more expedient to do it with the sharp-pointed Pipe but the Testicles are to be drawn back for fear of wounding 'em with the Point of the Instrument If the Hydrocele be apparently Encysted the Membrane containing the Water is to be consum'd with Causticks which is done by laying a Cautery in the place where the Incision shou'd be made and afterward opening the Escar with a Lancet When the Puncture is made it ought to be done in the upper-part of the Scrotum because it is less painful than the lower and less subject to Inflammation CHAP XI Of the Operation of Gastroraphy THIS Operation is usually perform'd when there is a Wound in the Belly so wide as to let out the Entrails If there be a considerable Wound in the Intestine it may be sow'd up with the Glover's Stitch the manner of making which we have before explain'd If the Omentum or Caul be mortify'd the corrupted Part must be cut off to which purpose it is requisite to take a Needle with waxed Thread and to pass it into the sound Part a-cross the Caul without pricking the Vessels Then the Caul being ty'd on both sides with each of the Threads that have been pass'd double may be cut an Inch below the Ligature and the Threads will go thro' the Wound so as to be taken away after the Suppuration Afterward the Intestines are to be put up again into the Belly by thrusting 'em
Germander Sage St. John's-Wort Plantain Milfoil or Yarrow Perewinkle the greater Comfrey the lesser Comfrey Betony Honey-suckle Fluellin Vervein Knot-Grass Adders-Tongue and Burnet of every one of these Plants two handfuls a Gallon of common Oil white Pitch Mutton-Suet yellow Wax and Turpentine of each two Pounds Bruise all these Herbs in a Marble-Mortar let the Wax white Pitch and Mutton-Suet cut into pieces as also the Turpentine be melted in the Oil in a Copper-Pan lin'd with Tin over a moderate Fire put the bruis'd Herbs in it and cause the whole Mass to simmer together very slowly stirring it about from time to time with a Wooden Spatula As soon as it shall be perceiv'd that the Oil of the Herbs is almost quite consum'd the whole Composition is to be strain'd and strongly squeez'd Then after having let the Ointment cool to draw off all the Dregs and Moisture it is to be dissolv'd over a very gentle Fire and after having left it a little while to cool again and thicken you may add thereto Myrrh Aloes Florence Orris and round Birth-Wort pulveriz'd very fine When all these Ingredients are by this means well incorporated the Ointment will be brought to perfection This Ointment is of singular Use to cleanse Ulcers as also to mundifie cicatrize and consolidate all sorts of Wounds The black or suppurative Ointment Take a Quart of common Oil white and yellow Wax Mutton-Suet that lies near the Kidneys pure Rosin Ship-Pitch Venice Turpentine of each half a Pound and of Mastick beaten to fine Powder two Ounces let all that is capable of being dissolv'd be liquify'd in the Oil and add the Powder of Mastick to make in Ointment This Ointment searches and opens all sorts of Impostumes as well as Carbuncles and Pestilential and Venereal Bubo's The use of the same Ointment is also to be continu'd after the opening of the Abcesses till their perfect Cure be compleated Unguentum Rosatum Take Bore's-Grease well purify'd and often wash'd and Red Roses newly pickt of each four Pounds with the like quantity of White Roses The thin Membrane or Skin which lies upon the Bores-Grease being taken away it is to be cut into small pieces well wash'd in fair Water and melted in a glaz'd Earthen-Pot over a very gentle Fire the first Grease that is dissolv'd is to be strain'd thro' a Cloth well wash'd and mixt with the same quantity of thick Rose-Buds well bruis'd Then the whole Mass is to be put into a glaz'd Earthen-Pot with a narrow Mouth the Pot is to be well stopt and set during six Hours in Water which is between luke-warm and boiling hot Afterward it is to be boil'd an Hour strain'd and strongly squeez'd In the mean while four Pounds of White Roses newly blown are to be taken well bruis'd and mingl'd with the former Composition the Pot being cover'd which is likewise set for the space of fix Hours in Water between luke-warm and boiling hot Then the Liquor is to be strain'd and strongly squeez'd Lastly after the Ointment hath been cool'd and separated from its Faeces or Dregs it may be kept for use If it be desir'd to give a Rose-Colour to this Ointment it wou'd be requisite a quarter of an Hour before it be strain'd the last time to throw into it two or three Ounces of Orcanet which is to be stirr'd into the Ointment If it be thought fit to retain the White Colour and to produce the smell of Roses it may be done with Damask-Roses without Orcanet If you are desirous to give it the Consistence of a Liniment you may add Oil of sweet Almonds to the quantity of a sixth part of its weight This Ointment is a very good Remedy against all manner of external Inflammations particularly against Phlegmons Erysipelas's and Tetters as also against the Head-ach and Haemorrhoids or Piles Unguentum Album aut de Cerussa Take three Pints of Oil of Roses nine Ounces of white Wax one Pound of Venice Ceruse or white Lead and a Dram and a half of Camphire The Ceruse being pulveriz'd by rubbing the pieces upon the Cloath of a Hair-Sieve turn'd upside-down the Powder is to be receiv'd on 〈◊〉 Sheet of Paper laid underneath and to be often wash'd with Water in a great Earthen-Pan stirring it about with a Wooden Spatula and pouring off the Water by Inclination as soon as the Powder is sunk to the Bottom When the Water of these Washings grows insipid the last Lotion is to be made with Rose-Water leaving it for the space of five or six Hours which being expir'd it is to be pour'd off by Inclination and the Ceruse must be dry'd in the Shade cover'd with Paper Then the broken Wax and prepar'd Oil is to put into a glaz'd Earthen-Pot and the Pot into the boiling Bath As soon as the Wax is melted the Pot may be taker out of the Bath and the dissolv'd Liquor stirr'd with a Wooden Pestle till it begins to grow thick Afterward the pulveriz'd Ceruse is to be infus'd and the Ointment stirr'd about till it be almost cold If you shall think fit to add Camphire let it be dissolv'd in a little Oil and incorporated with the Ointment when it is cold The Whites of Eggs may be also well mixt with the Ointment by stirring it about to make an exact union of the several Ingredients This Ointment is good for Burns Erysipelas's the Itch and many Distempers of the Skin it allayes the Itchings and intemperature of Ulcers it dissipates the Chasings and Redness that happen in the Bodies of Infants It is of great efficacy in the â—ealing of Contusions and it serves to consolidate and cool light Wounds Unguentum Aegyptiacum Take eleven Ounces of Verdegrease fourteen Ounces of strong Vinegar and twenty eight Ounces of good Honey Let the Verdegrease be put into a Copper-Pan or Skillet over a very gentle Fire then bruise it with a Wooden Pestle work it well in the Vinegar and strain the whole thro' a Hair-Sieve If a little Verdegrease remains on the Sieve it is to be put again into the Skillet bruis'd and beaten small therein as before with a Portion of the same Vinegar straining it thro' the Sieve till the unprofitable drossy parts of the Copper be only left Afterward this Liquor is to be boil'd over a gentle Fire with the Honey stirring it about from time to time till it hath acquir'd the Consistence of a softish Ointment and a very red Colour This Ointment consumes putrify'd Flesh and the Superfluities of Ulcers and Wounds Unguentum Basilicon or Royal Ointment Take yellow Wax Mutton-Suet Rosin Ship-Pitch and Venice Turpentine one Pound of each with five Pints of common Oil. Cut the Suet Rosin and black Pitch into small Pieces and let 'em be melted together with the Oil in a Copper-Pan over a very moderate Fire then after having strain'd the Liquor thro' a thick Cloth let it be incorporated with the Turpentine and the Ointment will be made It
Fractures and Dislocations and causeth the Serous Humours to pass away by Transpiration Emplastrum Divinum Take of Litharge of Gold prepar'd one Pound and an half three Pints of common Oil one Quart of Spring-Water six Ounces of prepar'd Load-Stone Gum Ammoniack Galbanum Opoponax and Bdellium of each three Ounces Myrrh Olibanum Mastick Verdegrease and round Birth-Wort of every one of these an Ounce and an half eight Ounces of Yellow Wax and four Ounces of Turpentine Let the Gum Ammoniack Galbanum Bdellium and Opoponax be dissolv'd in Vinegar in a little Earthen Pipkin strain 'em thro' a course Cloth and let 'em be thicken'd by Evaporation according to the Method before observ'd in other Plaisters Then prepare the Load-Stone upon a Porphyry or Marble-Stone and take care to bruise separately the Olibanum the Mastick the Myrrh the round Birth-Wort and the Verdegrease which is to be kept to be added at last In the mean while having incorporated cold the Oil with the Litharge and mingl'd the Water with 'em they are to be boil'd together over a very good Fire stirring 'em incessantly till the whole Composition hath acquir'd the Consistence of a somewhat solid Plaister in which is to be dissolv'd the yellow Wax cut into small pieces Afterward having taken off the Pan from the Fire and left the Ingredients to be half cool'd intermix the Gums which have been already thicken'd and incorporated with the Turpentine then the Load-Stone mingl'd with the Birth-Wort Myrrh Mastick and Olibanum and last of all the Verdegrease Thus when all these Ingredients are well stirr'd and mixt together the Plaister will be entirely compounded so that it may be made up into Rolls and preserv'd to be us'd upon necessary Occasions This Plaister is efficacious in curing of all kinds of Wounds Ulcers Tumours and Contusions for it mollifies digestes and brings to Suppuration such Matter as ought to be carry'd off this way It also mundifies cicatrizes and entirely consolidates Wounds c. CHAP. IV. Of Cataplasms or Pultisses CATAPLASMS are usually prepar'd to asswage Pain as also to dissolve and dissipate recent Tumours and are made thus Take four Ounces and a half of white Bread one Pint of new Milk three Yolks of Eggs one Ounce of Oil of Roses one Dram of Saffron and two Drams of the Extract of Opium The Crum is to be taken out of the inside of a white Loaf newly drawn out of the Oven and to be boil'd with the Milk in a Skillet over a little Fire stirring it from time to time with a Spatula till it be reduc'd to a thick Pap. After having taken the Vessel off from the Fire the three Yolks of Eggs beaten are to be put into it and the Dram of Saffron pulveriz'd to these Ingredients may be added two Drams of the Extract of Opium somewhat liquid if the Pain be great Here is another Cataplasm proper to mollifie and to bring to Suppuration when it is necessary Take White-Lilly-Roots and Marsh-Mallow-Roots of each four Ounces the Leaves of common Mallows Marsh-Mallows Groundsel Violet-Plants Brank-Ursin of every one of these Herbs one handful the Meal of Line Fenugreek and Oil of Lillies of each three Ounces The Roots when wash'd and slic'd are to be boil'd in Water and the Leaves being added some time after the Boiling is to be continu'd till the whole Mass becomes perfectly tender and soft at which time having strain'd the Decoction beat the remaining gross Substance in a Stone-Mortar with a Wooden Pestle and pass the Pulp thro' a Hair-Sieve turn'd upside-down Then let the Decoction and Pulp so strain'd be put into a Skillet and having intermixt the Meal of Line Fenugreek and Oil of Lillies let 'em be boil'd together over a gentle Fire stirring about the Ingredients from time to time till they be all sufficiently thicken'd These two Cataplasms may serve as a Model for the making of many others CHAP. V. Of Oils OILS are made either by Infusion or Expression Simple Oil of Roses made by Infusion Take two Pounds of Roses newly gather'd and bruis'd in a Mortar half a Pint of the Juice of Roses and five Pints of common Oil Let the whole Composition be put into a Earthen-Vessel Leaded and well stopt and then let it be expos'd to the Sun during forty Days Afterward let it be boil'd in Balneo Mariae and having strain'd and squeez'd the Roses let the Oil be kept for use Compound Oil of Roses made by Infusion Take a Pound of Red Roses newly gather'd and pound 'em in a Mortar as also four Ounces of the Juice of Red Roses and two Quarts of common Oil. Let the whole Composition be put into an Earthen-Vessel Leaded the Mouth of which is narrow and well stopt and then having expos'd it to the Sun during four Days let it be set in Balneo Mariae for an Hour and then strain'd and squeez'd Afterward let this Liquor be put into the same Vessel adding to it the Juice of Roses and Roses themselves in the same quantity as before Let the Vessel be stopt let the Maceration Boiling Straining and Expression be made in like manner as before and let the same Operation be once more re-iterated Then let your Oil be depurated and preserv'd for use These Oils qualifie and disperse Defluctions of Humours suppress Inflammations mitigate the Head-ach and Deliriums and provoke to sleep They must be warm'd before the Parts are anointed with 'em and they may be given inwardly against the Bloody-flux and Worms the Dose being from half an Ounce to a whole Ounce The Parts are also anointed with 'em in Fractures and Dislocations of the Bones and Oxyrodins are made of 'em with an equal quantity of Vinegar of Roses Oil of Sweet Almonds made by Expression Take new Almonds that are fat and very dry without their Snells and having shaken 'em in a somewhat thick Sieve to cause the Dust to fall off let 'em be put into hot Water till their Skins become tender so that they may be separated by squeezing 'em with the Fingers Afterward having taken off the Skin they must be wip'd with a white Linnen-Cloth and spread upon it to be dry'd Then they are to be put into a Stone-Mortar and pounded with a Wooden-Pestle till the Paste grows very thin and begins to give Oil This Paste is to be put into a little Linnen-Bag new and strong the Mouth of which hath been well ty'd and the Bag is to be plac'd between two Platines of Tin or of Wood lin'd on the inside with a Leaf of Tin squeezing the whole Mass gently at first but afterward very strongly and leaving it for a long while in the Press that the Oil may have time to run out This Oil mitigates the Nephritick Colicks remedies the Retension of Urine facilitates Child-birth allayes the After-Pains in Women after their delivery and the Gripes in young Infants It is taken inwardly fasting from half an Ounce to two Ounces and it is us'd in