open'd So soon as the Pox are broken gargle with a Decoction of Barley Plantain and Red Roses sweetened with Honey of Roses and Syrup of Cumfrey To defend the Nostrils from the Pox let the Patient very often smell to Venegar Thus also Forestus writes that Benedict Faventinus before breaking of the Pox ordered their Patients to smell to Vinegar wherein they had boil'd a quantity of Roses Liddelius also and Riverius approve the smelling to Vinegar But if the Pox happen to be very thick in the Nostrils annoint them often with a Feather dipped in Oyl of Sweet Almonds But if they are grown into hard Scabs and obstruct the Nostrils and so procure a difficulty of Breathing then stuff into the Nostrils new Butter without Salt by which means the Scabs being softned fall off and the Obstruction ceases The advice of others is that the Patients should snuff up into their Nostrils these and the other Decoctions but that Children cannot do nor can grown People do it by reason of the Obstruction Only Butter thrust up often into the Nostrils does the business so that there is no need of other troublesom Remedies But if there be any Exulceration in the Nostrils that is to be cured with a Liniment made of the Oyl of the Yolks of Eggs and juice of Plantain well mixt together in a Mortar To which if there be an occasion of drying up the Matter more than ordinary you may add a little Tutia Oyntment If the Ears ake and itch let not the Patient handle them with his Hands or if they run let the Matter go and take care that they continue open But if the Pain be very much dip a Spunge in the Decoction of the Leaves of Althea Flowers of â—…amomil Melilot and Roses Seeds of Fengreek Dill and Cumin and drop it lukewarm into the Ear. The Medicinal Part that concerns the Eyes consists partly in Preservation partly in the Cure To preserve the Eyes from being over-run with the Pox some wash the Eye-lids with Plantain and Rose water wherein a little prepared Tutia has been infused or mixed with a little white Self and Camphire Bauderon prescribes to this purpose the following Collyrium â„ž Leaves of Black-thron-Bush Plantain red Roses an half a handful Boyl them in Smiths water to â„¥ iij. In the straining dissolve Saffron ℈ j. Camphire gr v. The white of one Egg and mix them together Of this drop some few drops into the Eyes every hour and lay little Rags dipped in the same upon the Eye-lids and keep the Patient dark Liddle prescribes this â„ž Rose-water â„¥ ij Plantain-water â„¥ j. Powder of the Seed of Sumach Ê’ij warm them over a gentle Fire and strain them with a good force Add to the straining Camphir ℈ j. Saffron gr v. Mix them for a Collyrium and let the Eyes be often moistened with a Linnen cloth dipped therein Mercurialis administers this â„ž rose-Rose-water plantain-Plantain-water an â„¥ j Sumac â„¥ s. let them steep a whole night and make a mixture with as much white of an Egg as suffices Or else he takes â—…halybeat Milk mixt with rose-Rose-water with which sometimes he mingles a little Mirrh to assawge the pain and itching For my part I find nothing better then Saffron powdered and mixt with Cream of sweet Milk With which mixture let the Eyes be anointed with a Feather touching with the same now and then the Caruncles in the larger corner which I use with success when the Eyes are damnified only adding thereto a little white Sief If the Eye-lids cannot be preserved from the Small Pox then it frequently happens that they swell very much so that the Eyes are closed by reason of the swelling In this case observe that the Eye-lids notwithstanding that swelling are to be opened with the Fingers once or twice every day to the end the humour abiding therein may be let out which otherwise thickning within the Eye-brows begits a Whitshot But if by reason of the largeness of the swelling the Eye-lids cannot be conveniently opened they are first to be fomented with a soft Spung dipt in Mutton broth or a lukewarm Decâ—…ction of Leaves of Althea Flowers of pale Roses and Melilot and Seed of Fengreek and after the use of this Fomentation for some time then try again to sunder the Eye-lids with your Fingers If after the swelling is abated and consequently the Eye-lids freely open any white Clouds like the white of an Egg appear in the Eyes dimming the sight blow a little white Sugar Candy finely powdered through a quill into the Eye with which and nothing else I have successfully removed those little Clouds But if they chance to grow harder and absolutely blind the sight then add to the said Sugar Candy a fourth or sixth part of Lapis Calaminaris finely powdred together with the Sugar Candy That powder wonderfully takes away those Clouds and restores the sight But if the Eyes are Ulcerated by the Pox they must be cured with this Collyrium â„ž Ceruse washed Ê’iij Sarcocol Ê’j Gum Tragacanth ℈ j. Opium gr ij make Trochischs of this with Muscilage of Tragacanth extracted in Plantain-water which when use requires are to be dissolved in Womans milk or Rose-water The care of the Face like that of the Eyes consists partly in Preservation partly in Cure Preservation is not intended to prevent the breaking forth of the Pox in the Face for if that should be hindred the Distemper would seize the inner Parts as the Brain Meninx's Eyes and other Parts which would be a greater prejudice but that the Small Pox being dried and falling off may leave as few Scars and Pits as may be To which purpose several Topics have been invented Some while the Pox are coming forth frequently foment the Face with a Decoction wherein Pease have been boyl'd to an Extraordinary softness as we say to mash Others anoint the Face twice a day with a Feather dipp'd in Oyl of Navews with great success Forestus recommends Oyl of Sweet Almonds Riverius Oyl of Nuts Others Bacon tosted at a hot Fire and the dripping receiv'd into rose-Rose-water and so made into a soft Oyntment which does well and was generally used by that great Practitioner Timannus Gesselius Others roast the Caul of a Boar-Pig at the Fire upon a Spit letting the Fat drop into a Receptacle fill'd with Rose-water and smear the Face all over with that mixture and then cover all the Face with the Fat of the same Hog cut into thin slices This they do twice a day taking off the Old and laying on fresh till perfect Maturation of the Pox which happens sooner by that means till they fall off and this is a great secret among the Court Lady's Certainly none of these ways are to be contemn'd but excellent in their kind and I believe they are many times to be made use of Especially among the Richer sort and great People that think the Physitians care do them more good by some notable Exploit then Nature by
Air no less troublesome to it IV. Which Vellication of the Nerve being communicated to the Nerve and perceived by the Mind presently more copious Spirits were determined to the Place affected for its Relief which distending in breadth the Nerve and Muscle belonging to it but contracting it in length caused the Convulsion By the Pain of this Convulsion the Head being troubled sends the Animal Spirits disorderly to these or other lower Parts and so contracting them in the same manner the Contraction happens not only in the wounded but in other Parts likewise and from this great Disturbance of the Brain and Animal Spirits happens a Delirium V. This is a dangerous Malady for besides the Nerves and Muscles the noble Bowel is distmpered Therefore says Hippocrates a Convulsion ensuing a Wound is very dangerous But the Youth and Strength of the Patient promises great hopes of Cure besides that the Convulsion proceeds from an external Cause that may be removed VI. The Method of Cure consists in keeping the Patient warm and in a warm Place in removing the sharp and biting Oyntment and washing the Wound with Barley-water boiled with Hyssop and a little Honey dissolved in it then put a Tent into it dipped in this Oyntment â„ž The Yolk of an Egg n â— j. Honey Turpentine an Ê’iij Spirit of Wine Ê’ij Then lay on Emplaster of Betony or Melilot VII The Parts afflicted and especially the wounded Arm are to be fomented with this Fomentation â„ž Marjoram Rosemary Betony Calamint Hyssop Basil an M. j. Flowers of Dill M. ij Of Chamomil Melilot an M. j. s. Seeds of Cumin â„¥ j. of Lovage Ê’iij Of Dill â„¥ s. White-wine q. s. Boil them to lbiij VIII After Fomentation strongly chaâ—…e the Parts affected with this Liniment warm â„ž Martiate Oyntment Oyl of Ireos Oyl of Foxes Earth-worms and Spike an â„¥ j. Oyl of Castor â„¥ s. IX In the mean time after a Glister given let the Parties take a Draught of this Apozem to strengthen the Brain and Nerves â„ž Root of sweet Cane Fennel Male Piony an Ê’vj Herbs Of Majoram Rue Betony Rosemary Baum Basil Calamint an M. j. Flowers of Stoechas M. s. Fennel Seed Ê’ij Raisins cleansed â„¥ ij Water q. s. Boil them to lbj s. Then mix Water of Tilet Flowers Syrup of Stoechas an â„¥ iij. X. Now and then let her take a small quantity of this Conditment â„ž Species Diambra ℈ iiij Candied Root of sweet Cane Conserve of Flowers of Sage Betony Anthos an â„¥ s. Syrup of Stoechas q. s. XI Lastly clap such a quilted Cap upon her Head â„ž Leaves of Marjoram M. s. Of Rosemary Betony Flowers of Dill Melilot an Two little Handfuls Nutmegs Ê’j Benjamin Ê’s Beat them into a Gross Powder for a quilted Cap. XII The Convulsion ceasing the Body must be purged with an Infusion of Leaves of Senna Rubarb Agaric c. or with Cochiae or Golden Pills Diaphenicon or Diaturbith with Rubarb And then return to the use of the foresaid Apozem and Conditement XIII Her Diet must be easie of Digestion condited with Marjoram Hyssop Rosemary Betony Sage Anise-seed Fennel-seed and the like Let her sleep Long and take her Rest as much as may be And be sure the Body evacuate regularly HISTORY XV. Of the Epilepsie A Boy of eight years of Age indifferent lusty no care being had of his Diet first became sad and the Winter being past often complain'd of a grievous Head-ach In March as he was at play he fell down of a sudden quite senseless writh'd his Eyes and clutch'd his two Thumbs hard in his Fists That Fit soon went off but the next day it returned much more vehement attended with manifest Convulsions of the Body From that time the Fits returned twice thrice and four times a Week with more terrible Convulsions But in the Summer they were much gentler and not so frequent But the Autumn following especially near Winter the Fits took him very often and very violent and that too of a sudden without any warning with horrid Convulsions and Foming at the Mouth And at last the I continuance and violence of the Distemper had so disordered the Animal Functions that the Child was become sottish I. THAT the Boys Brain was affected was plain by the distress of the Animal Functions II. This Distemper is called an Epilepsie Which is a Convulsion of the whole Body not perpetual with which the Party taken falls to the Ground with an intercepting of the Senses and Functions of the Mind rising from a Peculiar malignant and acrimonious Matter III. Bad Diet contributes much to the breeding of this Disease as the greedy devouring of bad and raw Fruit which heaps up Crude and Flegmatic Humors in a Flegmatic Body and these filling the Brain first caused the Head-ach then through their long stay in the Brain obtaining a certain peculiar pravity and acrimony constitute the containing Cause of the Epilepsis IV. From this depraved and acrimonious Humor exhale sharp and malignant Vapors which as often as they twitch and bite the beginning of the Nerves about the heat of the common Sensory so often they cause the Fit For while Nature endeavors to shake off that troublesom Acrimony from the sensible Parts it happens that as the Spirits flow in greater or less quantity into them they contract and relax alternately and move the rest of the Nerves and Muscles of the Body after the same manner whence those short and frequent Convulsions V. Now because this Malignant and sharp Humor chiefly and oftenest afflicts the small diminutive Nerves near the seat of the common Sensory hence it comes to pass that the fit so suddainly seizes For so soon as those little Nerves feel that Acrimony Nature endeavors to shake it off And because that endeavor is made and begins near the common Sensory therefore there is a stop put upon the Functions of the Senses and Mind For in regard the Pine Kernel is presently affected and for that the Influx of the Animal Spirits through the Nerves sometimes contracted sometimes relaxed can never be regular hence it happens that the Organs of the Senses become defective in their Functions and by reason of that disorderly Influx of the Spirits into the Nerves and Muscles the Patient presently falls VI. The Fits are milder and not so frequent in Summer For that the Pores of the whole Body are more open by reason of the External heat so that there is a greater dissipation of the Humors and considering the time of the year less Flegm is bred and heaped up in the Brain Therefore in Autumn and Winter they are most frequent and violent because of the greater abundance of Flegm then bred and less easie to be dissipated through the Pores then contracted with Cold besides the Vapors exhaling from it are more abundant and acrimonious VII The Foam at the Mouth proceeds from hence for that those Flegmatic Humors expelled from the Brain into the Jaws and Lungs by that
Electuary of Hiera or Diaturbith or Infusions of Agaric Diaturbith Iallop or other Phlegmagogues VIII To abate the Flegm of the whole Body Decoctions of Sassafras Sassaperil and Guaiacum are most proper to which add hot Cephalics at the end of the Decoction The Humors in the Ventricles of the Brain must be evacuated by Masticatories Errhines and Sneezing And to corroborate the Brain proper Apozems and Cephalic Conditements must be prescribed IX To disupate the remainders in the Head and Parts affected a Fomentation of hot and discussing Fomentations will be requisite as Betony Sage Rosemary Marjoram Calamint Thime c. the Head being often fomented with a large Sponge dipt therein After which a Quilt of the same Cephalics will be no less proper X. Afterwards to attenuate and dissipate the Flegmatic Humors contained in the Organ of Sense some such Decoction as this may be prepared â„ž Root of Wild Radish â„¥ iij. Thime Betony Hyssop Marjoram Rosemary creeping Thime Lawrel-leaves Flowers of Camomil Melilot an M s. Seeds of Caroways Cummin Lovage Fenneâ—… an â„¥ s. Water q. s. Boyl them according to Art While they are Boiling he may receive into his Ear the steam of the Decoction through a Pipe placed in the Cover of the Pot then let the Ears be fomented with Sponges dipt in the said Decoction and after Fomentation put into the Ears two Tents dipt in the Oil of Anise-seeds Fennel or Caroways XI This Cataplasm also laid upon the Ears in the Night time between two Linnen Cloaths may prove very effectual â„ž Marjoram Sage Flowers of Camomil Melilot an M. j Seeds of Nasturtium Cummin Fennel an Ê’ j. s. Reduce them to Powder and to the Powder add Onions roasted under the Embers No. ij one midling Turnep roasted Flower of Fengreek-seed â„¥ j. Water q. s. Let them boil a little while and adding Oyl of Dill of Bitter Almonds an â„¥ j. make a Cataplasm XII In the day time instead of this Cataplasm let him lay warm to both Ears this little Bag. â„ž Marjoram M. j. Rosemary Flowers of Camomil an M. s. Seeds of Cummin Fennel Caroways Lovage an ℈ ij cut and beat these and put them into a silken Bag. XIII If the use of these Remedies afford no ease then make Issues in the Neck and Arms to divert the flegmatic Matter from the Ears through other Passages XIV Beware of Places exposed much to the Wind especially the North. His Diet must be easie of Digestion condited with Marjoram Lawrel-leaves Creeping Thyme Rosemary Betony Carminative Seeds or Seeds against Wind Nutmeg c. His Drink small All Meats that fill the Head with Vapors must be avoided Moderate Sleep and Exercise and a soluble Belly HISTORY XXI Of Bleeding at the Nose the Murr and loss of Smelling A Man about forty Years of Age indifferent strong and abounding with Blood sometimes drinking over hard was for sometime troubled with sharp and salt Catarrhs falling down partly to his Nostrils partly to his Lungs and Chaps which brought upon him a violent Cough insomuch that while he was once Coughing very vehemently his Nose fell a bleeding nor could the bleeding be stopt for some hours But that being stopped and some Remedies given him for his cold and the Catarrh within two days his Cough ceased but then the bleeding returned by Intervals especially if the Patient stirred more then ordinary and that in such abundance that his life was in danger I. THE Malady is Bleeding at the Nose II. The Antecedent Cause is twofold 1. Redundancy of Blood 2. A sharp Humor collected in the Head III. The Blood abounding in the whole Body being vehemently forced upward in great quantity by the violent Cough and distending and opening the Veins and Arteries of the Nose in respect of it self becomes the containing Cause IV. Now the Blood was copiously forced upward by the Cough because the descending Trunk of the Aorta Arteria was compressed and streightned by the forcible Contraction of the Muscles of the Breast and Abdomen so that much less Blood could be thrust forward through it from the Heart which therefore was forced in greater quantity to the Head through the ascending Part of the said Artery and so it distends all the Veins and Arteries of the Head V. Now that distending Plenty opens some Vessels in the Nostrils sooner than in any other Parts of the Head because they are there seated in a moist and tender Part and cloathed with only a very soft and tender Skin VI. But because sharp and salt Catarrhs preceded certain it is that not only their Distension but Corrosion opened some Vessels in the Nostrils Otherwise had they been opened only by Distension the Bleeding had not so often returned which now returns because the Solution being made by Corrosion could not be so soon consolidated VII If the Patient never so little overwalked or stirred himself the Bleeding returned because that Motion heated and more rapidly moved the Blood which therefore flowing hotter and in greater quantity to the Nostrils could not be held in by the Extremities of the Vessels not yet well consolidated so that it forces its way out again VIII This Returning Bleeding is somewhat dangerous for fear too much loss of Blood should turn to a Syncope or that thereby the Liver should be over-cold and weakned and thence a Cachexy or Dropsie ensue IX In the Cure Blood-letting in the Right-arm is first to be done and a moderate quantity of Blood to be taken away with respect to the strength of the Person The Belly is to be loosned with Rubarb mixed with Tamarinds or a Glister X. In the time of Bleeding clap cold Water or Oxymel to the Neck and Testicles and Cupping-glasses with much Flame to the Legs and Feet XI Tye to the Fore-head a Lock of Tow with this Mixture â„ž Bole Armoniac Terra Sigillata Dragons Blood red Coral an Ê’j Volatile Flower Ê’ij White of one Egg a little strong Vinegar Mix them XII Into the Nostrils blow this Powder â„ž Trochischs of seal'd Earth Blood-stone an Ê’j Frankinscence red Coral Dragons Blood an ℈ j. Or else make long Tents and being moistned in the White of an Egg rowl them in this Powder and so put them up into the Nostrils Or mix the same Powder with the White of an Egg like an Oyntment and dip the Tents therein before you thrust them up XIII Simples also may be put up into the Nostrils as green Horstail or shave Grass or Pimpernel or Plantain bruis'd or Hogs or Asses Dung and such like which are found by Experience to have wrought great Cures XIV Nor are those things to be neglected that benefit by an occult quality to which purpose the Patient may wear the following Amulet about his Neck â„ž Powder of a dry'd Toad Ê’ij Blood-stone Ê’j s. Trochischs of Seal'd Earth Moss of human Skulls an Ê’j red Coral Ê’s Cobwebs ℈ j. Reduce them into Powder and then make them into a Paste with Muscilage of
backward toward the Ligature but are almost quite empty beyond the Ligature Have they not the same Right and Power as the lymphatic Vessels Wherefore also when there is no Ligature cannot the Lympha be forc'd by the Finger from the chyliferous Bagg toward the Liver and Glandules of the Groyns and Armpits tho' it may be easily forâ—…'d toward the Vasa Chyliferae Why do the Valves obstruct this more than that Motion of the Lympha Certainly all these things plainly teach us that the Lympha does not move from but to the chyliferous Bag and the Vasa Chylifera In the Liver or a little below the Liver the thing is so plainly manifest by the forementioned Ligature that it is beyond the Contradiction of any Man that has Eyes whenas there is no Chylus strain'd through the Liver nor any Chylus that comes thither whatever Regius Bils and other Asserters of antiquated Learning and erroneous Demonstrations so vigorously maintain to the Contrary as shall be more largely prov'd l. 7. c. 2. Now then if this happen thus in the Liver why shall the same thing seem such a wonder in the forementioned Glandules in which the same thing is evident by Ligature Why must the Glandules of the Groyns and Armpits make milkie Juice and not rather extract it out of the Vasa Sanguifera themselves in like manner as we see that in the Ventricles of the Brain the small Glandules adhering to the Choroïdal Plexure so far as which no milkie or chylous Liquor penetrates extract a serous and lymphatic Liquor out of the Vessels to which they adjoyn and discharge it into the Cavities of the Ventricles However if any Follower or Admirer of Lemis de Bils either will be pleased or can at any time demonstrate this thing otherwise to us so as to convince us by seeing it with our Eyes we shall rest satisfy'd in the mean time we are bound to believe what we have hitherto seen and now asserted XX. Reason also gainsay's the foresaid Opinion For that the milkie Iuice of the chyliferous Receptacle cannot immediately upon its slipping out of the Receptacle toward the Glandules supposing 'em to be the Glandules of the Groyns changed into this pellucid and clear Lympha and lose all its milkie Colour in a Moment But this they say is done because it is strain'd through the Glandules lying in the Mid-way But there are no Glandules where the Insertion of the lower lymphatic Vessels into the Receptacle of the Chylus shews it self There are two indeed a little lower but the various lymphatic Vessels pass by 'em at such a Distance that they do not so much as touch 'em so that the Lympha contained in them cannot attain its transparent Thinness from such a Straining Others more studious of Novelty than Truth that they may by some means or other underprop this new Opinion assert with Regius that the milkie Juice being infused with Violence into the Receptacle of the Chyle becomes Frothy and White but by Cessaâ—…ion the Froth ceasing becomes watery and flows to the Glandules so coloured like Water Like brown Ale which being poured forcibly into the Glass foams at the top with a white Froth but let it stand a little and the Froth turns again to watery Liquor But how lame this Simile is is every way apparent For certainly there is not so much Violence in the Motion of the Chylus which should occasion the chylous Juice to become white and frothy for that natural Motion proceeds softly and gently of which no more violent Motion can ever be felt by a Man not discern'd by the Eye in Dissections of living Creatures So that if it presently loses its white Colour which they call Spumosity descending from the chyliferous Bagg by a short way to the Loins and Glandules of the Groins why does it retain it in a Channel four times as long ascending to the subclavial Veins Whence has it that whiteness in the Intestines and milkie Mesaraics before it is infused into the chyliferous Bagg with that feign'd Violence Wherefore standing quiet in the milkie Vessels or taken out in a Spoon by that Sedateness does it not lose its Colour but still preserve its whiteness XXI And thus whether we consider the Autopsia viz. Ocular Convincement or Reason the Lymphatic Vessels do not seem to have any other Original than from the cluster'd Glandules and the Parts by us already mention'd And further also it manifestly appears that the Lympha is a Liquor very much distinct from the Chylus XXII After the description of these Chanels or Vessels let us examine in few words what sort of Liquor the Lympha contain'd in 'em is For the Opinions of Learned Men are very various in this Matter and every one advances his own as truest or at least most probable XXIII Bartholine de vas Lymp Brut. c. 6. writes that the Lympha is a simple Water being the remainder of the Nourishment as it is Elementary This Martin Bocdan who Apol. 2. Memb. 11. Artic. 3. agrees with his Praeceptor asserts in Man to be diffus'd between the â—…at Membrane and the Muscles but in other Creatures is contain'd under the Skin and because it does not all transpire through the Skin therefore that these Vessels were made for its Evacuation But both the one and the other describe a very mean rise substance and use of this Lympha when such a simple Water could never be sufficiently expell'd through the Pores only by the heat of the Parts nor would there be such a necessity for it to be carried inward through the Pores of the Body If you say that this is requisite for the moist'ning of the Parts certainly that Office is sufficiently perform'd by the moisture of the Meat and Drink assum'd Besides a meer Water never settles into a Gelly as this Lympha will do if it stand a while in a Spoon XXIV Glisson Anat. Hep. believes the Lympha to be a Liquor consisting of the Vapors of the Blood gather'd together like Dew forc'd into these Vessels and flowing back with the Vehicle of the Nourishment brought through the Nerves But this Opinion is confuted by these Reasons 1. Because such Vapors may easily thicken into Dew or Water but never like the Lympha into a Gelly 2. For that the Supposition of the Nutritive Juice being carried through the Nerves is false and by us C. 16. of this Book and L. 3. c. 11. and L. 8. c. 1. sufficiently refuted 3. Because the Vapours of the Blood partly invisibly through the Pores and visibly by Sweat partly by the Expiration of the Lungs or else condens'd may be emptied with the Urine Stool Weeping c. so that if that be all there is nothing that compells 'em to enter those Vessels XXV Backius does not seem to differ much from Glisson who seems to deduce those Vapours of the Blood out of the Veins into these Vessels for he affirms the Lymphatic Vessels to be Veins arising
conceiv'd a quite different Opinion concerning these preternatural Colours Believing that same variety of Colours happens to the Choler not in the Gall-Bladder nor in the Choler Vessels but in the Duodenum and that by the Mixture of the Pancreatic acid or sowre Juice no otherwise than if it should change its natural Yellow into any other Colour in the Gall-Bladder it self But in the Dissections of Bodys that have dy'd in our Hospital we have demonstratively and frequently shewn a Green Eruginous or Rust Coloured and sometimes a blackish Colour in the Bladder it self before the mixture of the Pancreatic Juice nay in the Daughter of the Lord Vâ—…ich who dy'd of an Eruginous Flux of the Belly and after her Death by me dissected in the sight of several Physicians we found the Gall-Bladder swell'd to the bigness of a Hens Egg and full of an Eruginous Choler Which we have also observ'd in some other Infants that have dy'd of the same Diarrhoea as also in others who have dy'd of the Disease Cholera So that the various Colours of the Choler do not always proceed from the Mixture of the Pancreatic Iuice in the Intestins but are often acquired in the Gall-Bladder and Bilary Vessels in the same manner as we have already rehearsed Of which see more in the preceding C. 7. XLI But now that the several Humors engendered in the Body being mix'd with the Blood according to the diversity of Qualitys occasion a great Variety of Colour is apparent from these Experiments which we have observ'd in the Gall of an Ox. Which being mix'd with acid things as Oyle of Vitriol or Tartar or Vinegar first boyl'd a little then growing very thick became of a green Colour but being strongly shaken in a Flaggon with these Acids turn'd to a whitish Colour Being mix'd with ordinary Cinamon Water it became more Thin more Yellow and more Fluid But being mix'd with Spirit of Wine presently separated from it and setled at the Bottom Lastly being mixed with fair Water a little Gall dyed a great deal of Water of a Saffron Colour XLII Of the motion of the Choler we have spoken that is to say that some part of it mixed with the Blood tends from the Liver to the Vena Cava but that the greatest Part is carried to the Bilary Vessels and so through the Porus and Gall-Bladder to the Intestines But the Opinions of others are far different concerning this Matter Vesalius following the Judgment of Golen writes that the Choler is drawn out of the Porus to the Gall-bladder and from thence is forced down to the Intestines But this Opinion fails because it does not demonstrate the Way thro' which the Choler comes from the Porus to the Gall-bladder To which it cannot ascend through the Chanel of the Gall-bladder and through that descend again from the Gall-bladder to the Intestines for that in the parts of our Body there is neither any drawing of Humors nor any natural going and returning the same way Fallopius l. 3. Observ. c. 7. believes that the Choler of the Liver does not ascend unless when the Mouth of the common meatus Cholidochus is stopped by some Cause or other but that upon such an Occasion it may be done But the Wrinkles and Narrowness of the Neck of the Gall-bladder contradict this Opinion altogether impeding the Ingress of the Choler ascending this way so that the Choler thrust forward from the Gall-bladder it self by compressing into the common Ductus Cholidochus can by no means be repell'd back into the Gall-bladder by a contrary Compression of the said Ductus From these Backius very much differs Dissert de corde c. 3. 6. who asserts that the Choler is carried directly out of the Cystis to the common Ductus Cholidochus but that the Extremity of it which ends in the Intestines is so fram'd that it does not permit the Exit of the Choler but readily gives way to the Chylus descending from the Stomach and suffers in like manner its ascent to the Liver And that it communicates as well the Chylus as more especially a part of the Choler through the same Hole to the Pancreatic Wirtzungian Ductus But the very Sight it self evinces and destroys the Opinion of Backius by which it appears to the Eye in the Dissections of living Animals that as well the Choler as the Pancreatic Iuice break forth from their own Places into the Duodenum but that nothing of the Chylus can enter through that way out of the Guts by a contrary Conveighance Francis de le Boe Sylvius introduces still another Motion of the Chylus and asserts that the Choler which is bred in the Bladder flows to the common Ductus Cholidochus and is carried from thence partly to the Guts partly ascends through the bilary Porus to the Liver and there being mix'd with the Blood renders it more thin but that no blood flows from the Liver through the Porus to the Intestines And this in his Additament he proves from hence because that by blowing through a Reed there is a Passage open from the Porus to the Liver A most egregious Consequence and this is such another The breath blown through a Pipe into the Ureter passes into the Kidney and farther into the Emulgent Vein and Vena Cava therefore the Urinous Serum is carried out of the Bladder through the Ureter to the Kidney Certainly it would be very strange if the Choler which is bred in the Liver and from thence once empty'd into the Vesicle should return through the Porus to the Liver But the Falshood of this Opinion appears from many things already said First from the rare Constitution of the Gall Vessels And the Force of it is quite enervated by the Experiment of the perspicacious Malpigius l. de hep c. 7. In a Cat saith he of a few Months old where the Gall-bladder is conspicuously prominent I have ty'd the Neck of the Cystis with a Thread and empty'd it out of a Wound in the Middle Then have I again bound the Extremity of the Ductus Cholidochus where it opens into the Intestin Then the Creature still living for some convenient space of time I have found the intercepted bilary Porus extreamly swell'd and a Portion of the common Ductus Cholidochus And that I might prevent all Possibility of Separating the Choler by the help of the Cystis after I had first ty'd a hard Knot in the Neck of it I cut off the Cystis it self and threw it away And yet I found the same Swelling follow in the hollow'd Pores by reason of the flowing Choler Moreover I try'd with my Finger to drive upward the Choler contained in the Vessels that so swell'd yet would it return with a Force nor could be kept back unless with an extraordinary Violence A little after he adds It is most certain from many times repeated Observation that the Extremity of the Cystic Passage being bound so that not the least part of the
Tumors to ripen them as they concoct crude Humors and hasten Suppuration so being taken in Decoctions or eaten they drive out the Small Pox and cause a swift Maturation of them as daily Experience tells us Only when you use them this one thing is to be observed that neither they nor their Decoctions must be given to them whose Bellies are Laxative or over-loose or where a Loosness is feared for they may excite a pernicious Flux where the Patient is subject already to Loosness Frequently therefore Physitians will not prescribe the simple Decoction of Figs but a Composition for the same purpose somewhat of this nature â„ž French Barley cleansed â„¥ j. Licorice sliced Ê’ij Red Vetches â„¥ j. s. Turnep-seed Fennel-seed an Ê’ ij Figs no. xvij Water q. s. Make a Decoction according to Art to two Pints To this Decoction some add Carduus and Water Germander others Lentils and Raisins of the Sun Parsley-seed Culumbine-seed Turnep and others other Ingredients These two Decoctions are taken from Avicen and Rases much used and approved by succeeding Physitians â„ž Lacca washed Ê’ v. Lentils peel Ê’vj Gum Tragacanth Ê’ iij. Water q. s. make a Decoction to a Pint and half â„ž Figs Ê’ vij Lentils peel'd Ê’iij Lacca Ê’ij s. Tragacanth Fennel-seed an Ê’ ij Water lb s. Boil this to the remainder of the third Part. Such a Decoction also may be somewhat otherwise prescribed â„ž Raisins of the Sun stoned â„¥ ij dry Figs no. x. â—…entils peel'd â„¥ iiij Lacca Ê’ j. s. Fennel-seed Ê’iij Parsley-seed Ê’ j. s. Saffron ℈ j. VVater lb iij. Boil them to two Pints Garcias Lopez prescribes a Decoction of the same nature after this manner â„ž Dry Figs no. x. Iujubes without Kernels no. xv Lentils peel'd â„¥ ij Seeds of Fennel Dill Parsley Quinces an Ê’ij Lacca Tragacanth Roses Saunders an Ê’ ij VVater q. s. Boil them according to Art and to the strained Liquor add Saffron powdered Ê’ s. But Cardan Io. Baptist. Sylvaticus Amatus of Portugal Septalius and some others disallow Lentils and Tragacanth Sennertus approves those compounded Decoctions only upon the score of Experience because many Physitians have been successful in the use of them not that he gives any reason for it But I will give my reason which is this because they somewhat thicken the Boiling Blood and dispose it to a quicker Maturation of the Blood and therefore I think them fit to be made use of not only at the beginning of the Distemper to drive out the Pox but a little after the beginning to hasten their Expulsion and Maturation as we said but now concerning Figs. There are some who distill these Decoctions and give the distilled Water to the Patients But these are Fools in Chymistry not knowing that Lac Figs Lentils Tragacanth and such other primary viscous and sweet Ingredients do not pass through the Lembec in Distillation whence of a good and effectual Decoction they make a Water altogether ineffectual If the Heat be not very intense you may to very good purpose add to the Decoction of Figs the Roots of Elecampane which prosperously promote Expulsion Others add the Flowers of Marigolds Instead of these Decoctions when the strength of the Disease and great necessity does not urge them these pleasing Emulsions may be aptly prescrib'd for nice and curious Palates â„ž Sweet Almonds peel'd â„¥ j. of the four Cold seeds peel'd an Ê’j s. Seed of Navews Columbines Carduus Benedict an Ê’j Barley water q. s. make an Emusion to a pint to which add refin'd Sugar or for the richer sort Manus Christi very clear â„¥ s. or q. s. to render it gratefully sweet Mingle all together and make an Emulsion â„ž Seed of Carduus Benedictus peel'd of Columbines of Navews an Ê’ij Melons â„¥ iij. Fennel and Carduus VVaters an â„¥ iij. adding of Manus Christi q. s. for sweetness mingle all together for Infants and Children All the Germans make these Emulsions with the Distill'd Waters of Sorrel Borage Carduus and Scabious c. But we ascribe little strength to them and value more the Decoction of Barley which may in some manner promote Maturation If there be any who with more discretion think fit to use Sweet-meats they may be prescrib'd after this manner â„ž Root of Elecampane Condited Conserve of Borage and Violets an â„¥ j. Syrup of Elecampane q. s. mix them and make an Electuary â„ž The pulp of large Raisins of the Sun and Figs preserv'd Orange-peel Conserve of Roses an Ê’vj Syrup of Orangs q. s. mix them for an Electuary â„ž Pulvis Liberans Ê’j Harts-horn burnt Ê’ s. Citron rind condited Wallnuts preserv'd Conserve of Marigold slowers an Ê’vj Syrup of Wallnuts q. s. mix them for an Electuary The Chymists applaud their dissolutions Magistery's and Essences of Pearls Coral Harts-horn and the like rather to be magnified for their hard Names then the benefit of their Operation as by which great effects are promis'd to be done but very little perform'd and which seem rather to aim at the gain of the Seller's then the Recovery of the Patient To all the foresaid Medicines if there be any Intense heat of a Fever some cooling things may be added as if you should add to the Decoctions Borage Succory Lettice Violet leaves Endive Bugloss Roses the four Cold seeds c. or to the Electuaries Conserve of Violets Roses Water Lillies Powder of Diatragacanth or Cold Diamargarit Trochises of Spodium or Ivory calcin'd and the like Besides Internal Medicaments Bauderon prescribes for the quick driving out the Pox and provoking of Sweats Epithemes which are a sort of Decoctions Fomentations Emplasters Oyls to anoint the Pulses and the like to be outwardly applyed But these do all more harm then good and by means of the Ventilation of the Air rather hinder then promote the provocation of Sweat However in the use of all these things a common Error of many Physitians is here to be taken Notice of who intermix with their Medicaments Sorrel green Grapes Barberies Ribes Apples Juice and Syrup of Limons Tamarinds and such kind of sowr things and this as they say to mitigate the heat and stop the Ebullition Certainly these Gentlemen are altogether out of the way Let them if they please by means of Acids mitigate the heat in Inflamations burning and tertian Fevers and such like Vitious Fermentations of the Blood but not in this Distemper which is to be brought to a Crisis and Expulsion and ripening of the morbific matter by some excess of heat and Ebullition and so to throw off the Disease For Acids because they quell the heat and Sulphureous Ebullition which attends this Disease and hinder the necessary Concoction as also the Expulsion and Maturation of the morbific matter and are hurtful to the Breast are so prejudicial that hardly any thing can be prescrib'd more dangerous CHAP. XI Of the Cure of the Parts of the Body more Afflicted then others and first of the Internal AFter General Curation which regards
her own endeavours However I generally give this advice to my Patients that at the beginning they anoint the Face with a Spunge dipped in Mutton Broth after the Mutton is boiled from the Bones having first taken away the fat which discolours the Face and to use this several times in a day till the Maturation of the Wheals but after that to leave the rest to Nature Nay I perswade many not to tamper at all but to leave the whole to Nature especially if the Pox do not come out very thick Moreover I chiefly recommend this to their care that the Patient do not scratch and dig off the Wheals with his Nails For Experience teaches us that where the Pustles dry and fall off of themselves without opening they escape with sewest Pits or Scars Which Gracias Lopez and Forestus also observe But here the Custom of the Courtiers may not improperly be examined who more solicitous to preserve their Beauty then others use to open the Wheals with a Golden Bodkin to let out the Matter before it corrode as they pretend more deep into the Skin and so make deeper Scars and Pits which the Arabians and many Modern Physitians also prescribe But we must tell them that we have alwaies found this opening very prejudicial and that the Pits and Scars have been the deeper for that Operation and Riverius is of the same Opinion And this Experience is supported by two Reasons First That Perforation ought not to be attempted but when the Wheals are ripe and white But in regard that when the Matter is white and concocted it is a sign that all that sharp servour and power of corroding the Flesh or Skin is quite gone especially the Wheals drying up of themselves that Operation of the Golden Needle is altogether superfluous seeing there is no fear of any farther Corrosion Secondly The matter being drawn forth by that same opening Operation the Cavities are presently dried up by the ambient Air and grow hard whence it comes to pass that the Flesh that lyes underneath cannot grow up to fill the vacances On the other side if the Wheals are not opened but the matter be permitted to dry up of its self then the Flesh underneath is preserved soft and so much grows up again that before the Matter is fully dried up the place of the Wheals are filled up again so that when the Scabs fall off there are hardly any Pits to be seen This latter Reason therefore teaches us that great care is to be taken to prevent the Patients from scratching off the itching Scabs with their Fingers or pulling them off before they are dry'd For certain experience tells us that nothing causes deeper Pits or Scars than that unruliness And therefore as to Infants and Children I alwaies advise that their Hands be so ty'd and swath'd up that they may not be able to lift them to their Faces and scratch off the Wheals that are upon it And this is the Advice of the Author of the Book Entituled Of the property of things For saith he let the Nurse or Physitian take care whether they be Children or grown People that the little Bladders of the Pustles be not broken either because they itch or for any other Reason nor opened specially those about the Face For if the Wheals are once perforated and pricked the Scars will be deep and lasting And this is confirmed by the Experience of Forestus also The Arabians were wont to wash the opened Wheals with Salt-water which Paschal Rudius and others approve And many with a Decoction of Saunders red Roses Plantain Myrtils and Sanicle But such Lotions are to be rejected because they dry up too quickly the Pits of the Pox and so hinder the Flesh from growing up so that the Pits remain as deep as they were before Sometimes it happens that the Small Pox leave behind filthy Exulcerations which corrode the Skin but these Amatus washes first with this Decoction â„ž Flowers of Red Roses and Myrtils Leaves of Lentisc Oaken tops and Tamirish an equal Parts Water q. s. make a Decoction to wash the Ulcers and after you have wiped them with a Cloth strow on this powder â„ž Frankincense Mastick red Roses Sarcocoll an equal Parts make them into a very fine Powder Forestus in the same Case besides the Camphire Oyntment uses also the following Oyntment of Lead which Duncan Liddelius highly commends â„ž Burnt Lead â„¥ ij Litharge â„¥ j. Ceruse washed vinegar an â„¥ s. Oyl of Roses â„¥ iij. Honey of Roses â„¥ j. Yolks of Eggs no. iij. Mirrh â„¥ s. Wax q. s. make an Oyntment according to Art After the Small Pox is cured sometimes red Spots remain for the more speedy taking away of which some there are that wash them twice or thrice a day with a Decoction of Lupines and Beans wherein some also boyl the Roots of Bull-rushes and Southernwood leaves Others use the distilled Water of Flowers of Beans and Solomons Seal mixing therein a little juice of Limons Others wash the Spots with Water of Cows-dung Io. Paschal commends the Lotion of Water of Rosemary Mercurialis extolls the the Distilled Water of two Calves-Feet as many Limons and a small quantity of Dragons Others anoint them with the Oyl of Roses or Pomatum mixt with Tartar But I have observ'd by long Practise that they wear away sooner if nothing at all be done to them for the External Air after the Exulcerations of the Small Pox is over drys and hardens by degrees the new Skin by which means the Colour of those Spots wears off and at length wholly vanishes when the new Skin has acquir'd an equal hardness with the former And therefore I never prescribe any Lotions or Oyntments to that purpose in regard they do but retard the hardning of the Skin and removal of the Spots and for that I find the External Air to be the only Remedy against those Spots But If I meet with any Court Ladys that will not be satisfy'd without a Topic remedy I recommend to them a Lotion of Bean Water mixed with a little Water of Tartar and juice of Limons or else a Lotion of Virgins Milk To take away the Pits and other Foot Steeps of the disease many use Man's Grease or Mutton Suet and many prescribe several other Oyntments and Linements Bauderon in his prescriptions to this purpose says he very much conduces Water of Honey distill'd with Turpentine Also Asses Fat melted with Oyl of Lillies as also Oyl of Eggs and Bricks The Blood of a Hair or Bull apply'd hot fills up the Pits Also that which they call the Sword or Rind of Pork or Bacon if the Pits be rub'd therewith smooth the Skin and fill up the Pits Goose Ducks and Hens Grease work the same effect as also the Ashes of a Rams or Goats Hoof if it may be so call'd or of Egg-shells serve to the same purpose and to smooth the little risings in the Skin he prescribes â„ž Oyl of Lillys Goose Grease
Arles affected with a Dissolution of both Sides and destitute of all Humane Assistance as one whom neither the Industry of the Physitians nor seasonable and proper Applications nor Observance of Diet could relieve who at length upon a vehement dread of Death and being burnt in his Bed the House wherein he lived being on fire was of a sudden delivered from that deplorable Disease Sense and Motion being restored to the Languid Parts The same Author relates another Story of a Cousin German of his who had been Paralytic six years of both his Thighs who nevertheless being provoked by one of his Servants into a vehement and sudden Passion recovered his Limbs and lived a found Man to his dying Day And thus sudden and exorbitant Commotions of the Mind have cur'd not only the Palsie but other Diseases incurable by Art Thus Herodotus testifies that the Son of Croesus born Dumb when he saw a Persian running upon his Father to kill him became vocal and cry'd out Friend do not kill Croesus and ever after that spoke like other Men. The same Valleriola reports that he saw a Person cured of a Quartan Ague through the vehemency of a sudden Passion when no manner of Physical Remedies could cure the Distemper before OBSERVATION XI Bleeding at the Nose CHarles N. an Ale-Brewer in the Month of October drinking and dancing to Excess at his Sister's Wedding of a sudden in the midst of a Dance fell flat to the Ground upon his Face and by the Vehemency of the Fall broke a Vein in his Nostrils which caused such an abounding Flux of Blood as if the Median Vein in his Arm had been cut Presently Cloaths dipp'd in Water and Vinegar were clap'd about his Neck and applied to his Nostrils Ligatures fastned about his Extream Parts but nothing would prevail Insomuch that the Patient as well because he was heated with Drink as by reason of the Pain of the Fall swooned away Thereupon seeing nothing would do and because there was no Chyrurgeon at hand to open a Vein I ordered a Towel four times double to be soaked in cold Water and apply'd to his Testicles which being twice repeated contrary to the Opinion of the Standers by not only stopp'd the Blood but recovered him to his first Sobriety OBSERVATION XII The Itch. COrnelius Iohannis was troubled with a dry Scab or running Itch with dry Crusts and little Scales upon his Skin that itch'd intollerably especially in the Night when he grew warm in his Bed The Crusts being scratched off by reason of the Itching with his Nails under them the Skin being a little raised appear'd very dry red and rough and then came Crusts and Scales like the former so that the common People thought him to be infected with the Leprosie This Distemper seized the lower part of his Belly his Thighs and Legs in such a manner that by reason of the dry Crusts or Scales the bare Skin was not to be seen in any of those Parts His Arms also and Breast were infected in some places Two years before upon the Crisis of a Quartan Ague for the Cure of which for fifteen Months together by the Advice of that famous Physitian D. Gallius and others who judged his Distemper to proceed from a vitiated Spleen several Medicines both inward and outward had been in vain made use of the Disease not only abating but rather encreasing at length I was sent for to a Consultation and seeing the Person of a strong Constitution and in good Health excepting only the aforesaid Distemper and observing there was no Sign either of Spleen Liver or any other Bowel affected I judged by that same Crisis of the Quartan Ague that all the noxious sharp and vitious Humors were expell'd out of the Spleen to the Skin and so his Spleen recovered its former Soundness but that the Skin was deeply infected with that dry Scab and that the Cause of the Distemper lay no longer in the Spleen but only remain'd deeply fixed in the Skin and that the Skin so infected contaminated also the Juices and Humors flowing thither every day for its Nourishment as a Vessel that has contracted any Filth infects the best Wine that is poured into it And indeed the Event of the Cure prov'd the truth of my Judgment For then I resolved to tame this obstinate Distemper not so much by Internal as by Topical Medicaments and those not gentle ones but strong Remedies answerable to the Greatness of the Evil and the Pertinacy of the Matter since many other things which others had try'd would do no good To this purpose his Body being well purged before hand in March I prescribed a Fomentation with which being luke-warm to foment the Parts infected twice a day for five or six days together â„ž Roots of Briony â„¥ iij. Worm-wood White Hore-hound Pimpernel Plantain Centaury the less an Handfuls iij. Oak-leaves Handfuls iiij Elder flowers Handfuls ij boil them in common Water q. s. to ten Pints adding at the end Roman Vitriol â„¥ j. Alâ—…m â„¥ j. s. for a Fomentation After Fomentation the Parts being dry'd with a Linnen Cloth I ordered them to be anointed with our Oyntment against the Shingles After six days Fomentation was discontinu'd and only the Oyntment used which in a few Weeks carried off a great part of the Distemper This Oyntment the Patient used all the Summer till September by which time he was almost cured excepting only three or four places about the breadth of a Dollar which would not submit to this Oyntment but still produced new crusty Scales Wherefore the sixteenth of September I prepared him the following Oyntment â„ž Quick-silver Ê’j s. Turpentine Ê’iij To these well mix'd add the Yolk of one Egg Unguent Papuleum Ê’vj of our Oyntment against the Shingles â„¥ j. s. mix them for an Oyntment These Remainders were very hard to be extirpated and therefore I was forced to continue the Use of this Oyntment a little longer augmenting afterwards the Quantity of Quick-silver also I again apply'd the foresaid Fomentation and thus at length this nasty troublesome Deformity of the Skin which others despaired of ever curing was at length abated and vanquish'd so that about the second of November it vanish'd quite and the Patient continued free from the same all the rest of his Life ANNOTATIONS THE Itch by the Greeks called Lichen by others Serpigo from Serpo to creep is a hard Asperity of the Skin with dry Pustles and a violent Itching creeping and extending it self to the adjoyning Parts Galen asserts two kinds of this Distemper There are two sorts says he of the Itch that molest the Skin The one tolerable and more gentle the other wild and diffi cult to be removed In these the Scales fall off from the Skin under which the Skin appears red and almost exulcerated Celsus who by the Word Impetigo seems to have understood some other Distemper describes this Itch of Galen under the Name of Papula and makes also two
of Wind. In the intervening Hours because of the Suffocations frequently returning she sometimes took her first Decoction By the use of these Medicines within four days the greatest part of her Pains ceased The twenty ninth of September I ordered the Saphena Vein in her Left-foot to be opened and a good quantity of Blood to be taken away which gave her ease and the same day she took her last Apozeme again of which the following days she drank no more than once a day And thus by the use of these Remedies she escaped a dangerous Disease and recovered her Health ANNOTATIONS CHild-bearing Women in their Lyings in frequently commit very great Errors afterwards the Causes of great Mischiefs Among which this is not the least that they are over confident of their own Strength and trust themselves in the Air sooner than the time of their Lying in will permit whence arise those dangerous Diseases Suppression of the Courses Fevers Suffocations and many others of which there are several Examples to be found in Authors besides what we see every day Thus in our Practice we have seen through this Error committed by Child-bearing Women most terrible Diseases brought upon them some of whom have died others ran most terrible Hazards others have goâ—… those afflictions of some particular Part which they could never claw off as long as they liv'd They do not all escape so luckily as our Patient before mentioned for sometimes extream Weakness or loathing of the Taste or a Fever or some other thing hinders the taking of the Medicaments or inverts or hinders the operation of the Medicines and then all the Art and Diligence of the Physitian signifies nothing Thus the same year that I had this Woman in Cure the Wife of a Kinsman of mine at Utrecht a strong Woman fell into the same Distemper but not to be cured by all the Prescriptions of the most learned and prudent Physitians In these Cases I have observed this that the Courses suppressed a little after Delivery unless they be stirred within three or four days by Medicaments can very hardly or not at all be moved by the help of the Physitians but are the Causes of very desperate Diseases which Diseases do not presently appear sometimes not till after some days sometimes not till after the third or fourth Week And in the Cure of these Diseases I have farther observed this that the greatest Relief is given at the beginning before the Strength of the Patient is abated partly by attenuating Apozems and loosning withal to provoke and evacuate the Matters peccant both in quantity and quality partly by Blood-letting in the Feet which way of Cure I have with success experienced more than once OBSERVATION XX. The Nephritic Passion THE Young Lady Calsâ—…ager was so cruelly tormented for three days with a Pain a little below her Loyns that she knew not where to turn her self these Pains were also accompanied with Vomiting and an extraordinary Restlessness It was the Nephritic Passion and the Gravel or Stone descending through the Ureters caused this Pain Wherefore to expel the Gravel with more speed and ease I prescribed this Decoction â„ž Slic'd Licorice â„¥ s. Herbs Stone-parsly Althea Chervil Mallows Water-parsly Leaves of black Ribs an one Handful Flowers of Camomil one Handful and a half fat Figs n o ix New Milk common Water an q. s. Boil them to the Consumption of the third part for an Apozem That Day she drank almost all the Decoction and about Evening voided some small Stones with a good quantity of Gravel and was freed from her Distemper ANNOTATIONS MEdicines that break the Stone sometimes crumble the little Stones that stick in the Kidneys as Experience tells us But when they are expell'd out of the Kidneys and stick in the Ureters they are not to be crumbled by the force of any Medicaments whatever which Reason besides Experience teaches us since no Medicaments can reach thither with their Vertue entire for that the great quantity of Serum running thither and there setling hinders and abates the Strength of the Medicaments so that they are disabled in their Operation And therefore to force the Stones out of the Ureter lenifying and molifying Medicaments must be mixed with the Diuretics to smooth and mollifie the Ureters and to prepare a more easie Descent for the Stone Such is that Decoction which I and such is that Prescription of Io. Baptist Thodosius which he boast never fail'd him in driving out the Stone though he had made use of it several and several times â„ž Leaves of fresh gathered Althea one Handful and a half New Butter â„¥ iij. Honey lb j. Boil them together in Water q. s. to the Consumption of the third part Take of the Straining a warm Draught Morning and Evening Such is also that celebrated Secret of Forestus which most Physitians highly approve and which I have successfully made use of only now and then with some Alterations and Additions of which Forestus himself thus writes This my Secret I will no longer conceal for tâ—…e common Benefit of the Sick that it may not be laid to mine which was laid to the Charge of the wicked Servant who hid the Talent which God had given him in the Earth And therefore I will no longer to the Prejudice of Posterity keep this Secret by me which is this â„ž Seed of Mallows Althea an Ê’iij Red Vetches â„¥ iij. The four greater Seeds an Ê’ij Barly cleaned â„¥ ij Fat Figs n o ix Sebeston n o vij Licorice slic'd Ê’j rain-Rain-water 〈◊〉 iiij Boil these to the Consumption of half and reserve the Straining for use which the Patient continually using always voided Stones OBSERVATION XXI The Worms A Little Boy the Son of Antonius about three years of age had the lower part of his Belly extreamly swell'd and stretch'd like a Drumb so that he seem'd to be Hydropic his Stomach was gone with a slight Fever accompanied with Frights in his Sleep and he would be always rubbing his Nose with his Fingers I guess'd them to be either Worms or crude Humors sticking in the first Region of the Belly that caused all those evil Symptoms Wherefore because the Child would take nothing but would be always drinking I ordered new Ale to be given him for his Drink with which I only mixt a little Oyl of Vitriol so much as suffic'd to give it a gentle Sowrness This Drink being continued for a fortnight or three Weeks the Swelling of his Belly fell but he voided no Worms ANNOTATIONS OYl of Vitriol given after that manner does not only remove all Putrefactions and Corruptions but kills and consumes the Worms in the Stomach and Guts and those that are infested with such like evils and we have seen it recover those that have been despaired of contrary to Expectation Thus my Sister Cornelia when she came to be seven years of Age and was miserably tormented with the Worms in her Belly and had taken several Remedies to no
vehement agitation by reason that respiration is hindered grows hot in those places and being mixed with the Air unequally and difficultly passing to and fro by vehement respiration are forced all frothy into the Mouth VIII The Fit lasts till that malignant and sharp Vapor be altogether discussed and returns again when the depraved matter stirred anew sends forth the same Vapors to the Original of the Nerves The Fit is more or less vehement and does less hurt to the principal Functions according to the quantity and quality of the evil Matter IX Now because this ill and acrimonious Humor is bred in the Brain and because the Fits were frequent and vehement and the Disease of nine Months standing therefore the Cure was difficult but the Strength and Age of the Patient gave great hopes of Cure For being but a Child the very change of Youth out of one Age into another many times effects the Cure as Hippocrates testifies X. The Cure is to be performed either in the Fit or when the Fit is gone off In the Fit Castor green Rue Oyl of Marjoram Amber Nutmegs and the like are to be held to the Nostrils XI When the Fit is past the Original Causes are to be taken away the antecedent Cause to be removed the depraved quality of the containing Cause to be removed and the whole Brain to be corroborated XII Let the Body be gently Purged with two drams of Heira Picra or Diaphaenicon or with one Scruple and a half of Powder of Diacarthamum or an ounce of Purging blew Currans XIII Then let him drink twice or thrice a day a draught of this Decoction ℞ Roots of Male Piony Misletoe Sassafras-wood an ʒvj of Calamus Aromatic Valerian an ℥ s. Herbs Marjoram Rue Calamit Rosmary Vervan Laurel-leaves Flowers of Stoechas an M j. Iuniper-berries ℥ s. Seeds of Anise Wild Carrots Fennel an ʒ j. Seed of Male Piony ʒ iij. Raisins cleased ℥ ij Water q. s. Boil them to an Apozem of lb j. s. Before he drinks this let him take a small quantity of the following Conditement ℞ Spicier Diambr ʒ j. s. Roots of sweet Cane candied Conserves of Anthos Flowers of Sage Betony an ℥ s. Syrup of Stoechas q. s. XIV Sometimes instead of the Apozem he may take a spoonful of this mixture ℞ Epileptic water of Langius ℥ iij. Water of Lime-tree Flowers of the Lilly of the Valleys an ℥ j. Syrup of Stoechas ℥ j. s. XV. Upon his head let him wear this Quilted Cap. ℞ Leaves of Marjarom Rosemary Thime Flowers of Lavender and Red Roses an Two small handfulls Cloves Benjamin an ℈ j. Beat them into a gross Powder XVI Let the Patient be kept in a warm Air his food must be Meats of easie digestion condited with Marjoram Baum Rosemary and other Cephalics His drink must be small his sleep and exercise moderate and his Evacuations regular Raw Fruit Garlick Onyons and Swines Flesh and all other Meats of hard digestion and ill juice are nought HISTORY XVI Of a Catarrh A Man of forty Years of Age of a cold Constitution and one that had long used a cooling and moistning Diet was troubled first with a heavy Pain in his Head with a proclivity to sleep Afterwards he was troubl'd with a vehement Cough sometimes with deafness noise in his Ears Pains in his Neck Teeth Shoulders and other Parts sometimes a most terrible Cough took him not without some difficulty of breathing and danger of Suffocation sometimes he had nauseousness and was molested with troublesome Belchings and Pains in his Stomach under his lower Jaw rose Flegmatic Tumors which fell and vanished soon after his Nostrils were more then usually dry and he spit little He complained also that he felt a continual chilness in the top of his Head and that his Hair was not so moist as it used to be I. HEre is one molested with a Catarrh which is a Preter natural Defluxion of Humors from the Head to the lower Parts II. The remote cause of this Distemper was a cold raw and Flegmatic nourishment which over-cool'd and weakened the Bowels serving to Concoction and bred a great quantity of Excrementitious Flegm which was the anteceding Cause of the Distemper and which being colected and accumulated in the Brain over-cool'd it and thence fell down upon the lower Parts III. This Flegm augmented in the Brain because it had not heat enough to concoct and dissipate so cold and thick a Humor besides that the Passages to the Nostrils and Palate were obstructed IV. This Obstruction happens in the inner Parts of the Head by reason of the viscosity of the Humors stuffing up the narrow Passages for the Evacuation of those Excrements Therefore not able to pass the regular way they flow to the inner Parts of the Ear where they cause Noises Deafness and Pain sometimes to the Larinx and Lungs which causes vehement coughing and danger of Suffocation sometimes to the Stomach and other Parts where they breed several Maladies In the Exterior Parts this Obstruction happens by reason the Pores in the top of the Head are filled with Humors contracted by the External cold and that cold continuing in those refrigerated Parts causes that chilness complained of by the Patient And this cold not only hinders the Passage of the Vapors but condenses them under the Pericranium into a serous and flegmatic Humor which being ill concocted becomes salt and sharp Which for want of dissipation falls down upon the Teeth Neck Shoulders c. and causes those Pains complained of V. That the ordinary Passages were obstructed is apparent from the driness of the Patients Nostrils and Hair and because he spit so little VI. This Affection is not a little dangerous in regard the Symptoms that attend it may bring a Man into a Consumption and breed occult and dangerous Apostems in the inner Parts VII In the Method of the Cure the Body must be Purged twice or thrice with Pill Chochiae Powder of Diaturbith or Diacarthamum or such a draught as this ℞ Leaves of Senna ʒiij White Agaric ʒ j. s. Anise-seed ʒ j. Choice Cinnamon white Ginger an ℈ s. Decoction of Barley q. s. Infuse them then add to the straining Elect. Hiera Picra ʒ j. Diaphoenicon ʒ ij VIII Then the Brain is to be dried and strengthened with the following Apozem ℞ Roots of Acorus Fennel an ʒ vj Galangal ʒ iij. Herbs Marjoram Betony Thime Rosemary Baum Calamint an M. j. Laurel-leaves Flowers of Stoechados an M. s. Seeds of Anise Fennel an ʒ ij Laurel-berrys ʒ s. Water and Wine equal Parts Boyl them to an Apozem of lbj s. Of which let him take three or four draughts a day IX Noon and Night after Meals let him take a small quantity of this Conditement ℞ Specier Diambr Diamosch Diagalanga an ʒ s. Conserve of Anthos red Roses an ʒvj Candv'd Roots of Acorus ʒiij Syrup of Stoechas q. s. X. While he follows this course Masticatories and Errhines may be used
and of easie Digestion condited with Fenel Eyebright Succory Borage c. His Drink must be small Let him avoid Radishes Onions Cabbiges Beans Lentils Olives c. The longer he sleeps and the less Exercise he uses the better and let him keep his Body open HISTORY XVIII Of the Pin and Web and Bloodshot A Boy about twelve Years of Age of a cold Constitution above five Months since perceived a dimness in both his Eyes so that at first he thought he saw Gnats and Straws fly before his Eyes Afterwards he seemed to look through a thick Mist and so his sight began to fail more and more so that he saw Men after a fashion but could not distinguish Faces nay he could hardly distinguish a Horse from a Cow In the Apple of his Eye appeared a white spot covering the Christaline Humor which yielded to the Finger if lay'd upon it I. THis Affection of the Eye is by the Physitians called Suffusio or the Pin and Web which is an Obstruction of the hole of the Uveâ—…us Tunicle caused by a Humor preternaturally gathered and staying between the Horny Tunicle and the sight of the Eye and hindring the Sight II. This Humor in this Patient was Flegmatic as appeared by the white colour in the Apple of the Eye where it was collected by reason of the cold Temper of the Eye not so able to concoct their Nourishment but that some few thick Vapors exhale from the Uveous Tuncle which are condensed into a thick Humor by the External cold in the space between the Chrystalline Humor lying upon the Uveous hole and the Horny Tunicle and mixed with the watry Humor and swim at the top in viscous and thick Particles III. This Humor being thinner and less in quantity at the beginning did not hinder the Ingress of the Beams into the Christalline humor altogether but only the thicker Particles of it prevented all the Beams from entring in which made the Patient think at first that Gnats and Straws hovered before his Eyes which however were only the thicker Particles of the said Humor but the Humor afterwards becoming more plentiful and thicker then the Sight lookt as it were through a Cloud and as that thickness of the Humor increased the Sight waxed dimmer and dimmer IV. The Cure of this Evil is very difficult because the Humor covering the Apple of the Eye is now very much condensed and therefore the danger is least hardning into a little Skin it should produce Blindness But there is hopes of Cure while the Sight remains and for that the Humor giving way to the Finger appears as yet not to be fixed V. In the Cure the Body must be Purged with Pill Lucis Golden Pills or Chochiae Diaphoenicon Hiera Picra Diacarthamum or any draught composed of Agaric Turbith Iallap Senna or the like VI. For the discussion of the cold humors let the Patient Sweat twice a week with Treacle Mithridate Decoction of Sassaparil China and Sassafras In the middle between whiles let him take Decoctions of Marjoram Rosemary Eyebright Fennel Betony Rue and the like as also Cephalic Conditements of Conserves of Anthos Flowers of Sage Eyebright Betony c. VII To strengthen the Head let him make use of Cephalic Quilts The Excrementitious humors are to be diverted from the Eye and carry'd otherways off by Visicatories applied behind the Ears or an Issue in the Arm or Neck VIII After these things Topics may be applied to the Eyes and first such a Decoction is to be prepared â„ž Roots of Radishes â„¥ ij Valerian â„¥ j. Rue Fennel Eyebright Lovage Marjoram Leaves of Laurel an M. j. Flowers of Camomil M. ij Seeds of Fennel Caroways an Ê’ ij Water q. s. Boil them to lb j. s. While it is boyling let the Patient sit with his Eye over the steam of the Decoction afterwards with a soft Spunge dipped in the same Decoction luke-warm let him frequently and long foment his Eye and observe this course for three weeks together IX Let him then drop this Collyrium into his Eyes â„ž Iuice of the bigger Celandine Rue Fennel hony-Hony-water an â„¥ s. When he has used this for some time let him make it stronger by adding to it the Gaul of a Patridge and of a Pike one dram and afterward one dram and a half X. His Diet must be moderate hot attenuating and discussing His Sleep and Exercise moderate and an open Body XI If these avail not the Suffusion must be taken from the Eye by the help of a Needle Of Bloodshot A Plethoric Young Man playing in a Tennis-Court by misfortune a Ball strook him in the Left Eye His Eye upon this aked to that degree that he could not hold open his Eye The next day the Pain ceasing an extraordinary Bloody Redness was seen over his whole Eye without any Inflammation and his Eye-lids seemed to be infected with the same Redness But his Sight was no way damnified I. THis Malady of the Eye is called a Suggillation or Bloodshot Being a pouring forth of the Blood without the Vessels into the Tunicles over the Eyes and Eye-lids II. This Blood flowed out of the small Vessels of the Annate Tunicle and the Eye-lids broken and opened by the stroak of the Ball. For the Horny Tunicle was not hurt as appeared by the soundness of the Sight which was no way damnified III. There is no danger in this affection if it be taken in time before the extravasated Blood putrifie and inflame IV. First the Body is to be Purged and a Vein opened in the Arm. Then drop Womans Milk into the Eye or Blood squeezed out of the Quills of live Chickens and foment the Eyes frequently with this Fomentation â„ž Willow-leaves Plantain Flowers of Camomil Melilot an M. j Boil them in Water q. s. Add to the straining Rose-water â„¥ j. s. V. When there is no fear of a larger Efflux of Blood let the Fomentation be only discussive HISTORY XIX Of Blindness A Person of forty Years of Age strong but given to his Belly after he had complained for sometime of a slight giddiness with a troublesome heaviness at length his sight in two days time was so decay'd that he could hardly see no not so much as the light but became absolutely Blind and yet his Eyes did not seem to ail any thing The Patient for some time was very temperate but his blindness still continued though his heaviness and Vertigo went off and the rest of his Body was well I. THis Malady is called Caecitas or blindness which is a Deprivation of the Sight II. The Antecedent Cause of this Distemper is Flegm collected in the Ventricles of the Brain which flowing thence to the Optic Nerves and obstructing them hinders the Influx of the Animal Spirits to the Eye and the preception of visible Objects III. This Flegm was generated out of the Crude and Flegmatic Vapors and Humors arising from too much gutling and there thickned through the colder temper of
Damage to the Mouth though the Salival Channels be stopped up by this Cure for Experience tells us that the Spittle finds other Channels and Passages for the moistning the Mouth The Diet is the same as in other flegmatic Diseases Now because I do here assert a new Cause of the Ranulae and another part to be affected than other Physicians do and mention also the Salival Channels I think it necessary to tell what those Channels are These Channels were unknown till of late found out in England by Doctor Wharton and Glisson and last Winter publickly shown at the Anatomy Theatre at Leyden by Doctor Iohn ab Horn. The Substance of them is much like the Veins but stronger They are two in number and so wide in a Man as to admit an ordinary Bodkin They rise with a broad Beginning from the great and remarkable Kernel above the middle Tendon seated between the Flesh of the Digastric Muscle And hence carried upward about the middle of the Cheek they abscond themselves between two small Kernels there seated which when they have past they are carried with a streight Channel along the Nerve of the seventh Pair which they cut like a St. Andrews Cross and so somewhat toward the Fore-parts near the Bridle of the Tongue they terminate and open into two peculiar Kernels covered with a thin and porous little Membrane which are seated under the Tongue near the Frog-like Veins between the Flesh that joyns the Tongue to the neighbouring Parts and the Kernels that lye under the bottom of the Tongue Their Office is to powre the Salâ—… Moisture into the Frog-like Kernels which in them is contained as in a Sponge and emptied into the Mouth through the broad Pores of the Membrane that covers them for the moistning of the Tongue and Mouth HISTORY XXV Of the Hydrocephalus or Watry Tumor of the Head A Little Boy about a year and a halfold having been weaned six months and by his Parents that were very poor fed with raw Whâ—…y Fruit and other bad Nourishment nor keeping his Head sufficiently warm in the Winter within a short time had the hairy Part of his Head and Fore-head swelled out to his very Eyes Which Tumor in a months space increased to that degree that his Head was as big as a Mans Head and yet his Face was not swelled the Tumor was soft and white and the deep Prints of the Finger might for some time be seen in it The Child eat and drank indifferent well he had no Fever but was sleepy and moved the Members of his whole Body but dully and faintly His Nostrils were drier than usual and he spit but little He was loose and voided much Urine I. THis Childs Disease by the Physicians is called Hydrocephalus which is a Swelling of the Head caused by a Collection of serous Humors II. This serous and flegmatic Humor is collected within the Cranium and lies hid under the Skin which is discerned by the Touch there being only a soft Tumor III. That it is a serous and flegmatic Humor appears by the white Colour of the Skin and copious because it yields to compression without pain IV. The anteceding Cause are cold and most Humors in the whole Body which being raised beyond the Cranium and condensed under the Skin constitute the containing Cause V. These Humors are generated partly through bad Diet partly through the cold and moist Constitution of the Body which weakens the Concoctions of the Bowels and causes the breeding of many flegmatic and serous Humors which being carried to the Head are there attenuated into thick Vapors and gathered together till they come to a copious Body VI. These Humors cannot be evacuated through the Nostrils and Palate because their thickness has obstructed those Passages Nor can they pass through the streightned Pores of the Skin as being streightned by the External Cold so that new Humors increasing every day and none being evacuated thence hapned such a Swelling in a Months space VII However the Child fed because his Stomach was not yet loaded with this excrementitious Flegm as being copiously evacuated downwards by Urine and Stool VIII He had no Fever because the Humors were not putrified nor was there any Malignity or Excess of Heat IX He was sleepy because of the cold and moist Temper of the Brain which renders the Nerves of the Sensory languid and unfit for the Passage and Reception of the Animal Spirits besides that fewer Animal Spirits are generated in regard the vital Spirits cannot pass the streightned Arteries of the Choroid Fold Which Scarcity of Animal Spirits causes him also to move the Members dully and languidly as he did X. His Belly was soluble by reason of the great quantity of serous and flegmatic Humors that flow'd down to the Intestines the thinner Part of which being mixed with the Blood and separated from it in the Reins causes a greater abundance of Urine XI This Disease is dangerous in tender Age that will not bear strong Remedies in regard of the ill Temper of the Head the great Cachexy of the whole Body and the Quantity of the Humor In the Cure the serous and flegmatic Humor collected in the Head is chiefly to be gently evacuated the Bowels to be strengthened and the Generation of the Mistemper for the future to be prevented XIII First give the Child in a Spoon an ounce of laxative Syrrup of Succory with five or six grains of Jallop in Powder or give him to Eat five or six drams of Solutive Currans Then give him a little old Treacle and if you can let him Sweat also give him every day a little Conserve of Anthos Balm or Flowers of Sage XIV This done foment his Head with the following Fomentation warm â„ž Betony Rosemary Basil Thime Flowers of Camomil Melilot Stoechas an M j. Leaves of Lawrel M. s. Seeds of Anise Fennel Cummin an Ê’ ij White-Wine q. s. Boil them to 〈◊〉 ij For a Fomentation with a large Spunge taking Care not to let it cool XV. The Tumor being dissipated by the use of this Fomentation to remove the other Distemper anoint the Head Morning and Evening with this Oyntment hot â„ž Oyl of Camomil Alabastrin Ointment an â„¥ j. Oyl of Nutmegs pressed ℈ iiij Powder of Castor Storax Benjamin an ℈ j. Mix them for an Oyntment XVI After anointing put on the following Quilted Cap. â„ž Leaves of Rosemary Marjoram Flowers of Camomil Melilot an M. s. Benjamin Cloves Nutmeg an ℈ j. s. Beat them for a gross Powder to be sowed into a Silken quilted Cap. And let him wear this Quilted Cap for some time XVII In the mean time to Corroborate the Bowels twice or thrice a day let him take a Spoonful of this Mixture â„ž tylet-flowers-Tylet-Flowers-water Lilly of the Valleys an â„¥ ij â—…innamon water Ê’vj Syrup of Stoechas â„¥ j. Or instead of this let him now and them drink a little Hydromel And to the Region of the Stomach Liver and Spleen apply this
the Cough Suppuration and an Ulcer followed the Corrosion whence the Purulent matter spit up which became still more and more as the Ulcer increased However as yet it has no ill smell because the Ulcer is not come to that degree of Putrefaction VI. the sleight Fever proceeded from the Humors putrifying about the Ulcer For the Blood forced from the right Ventricle of the Heart cannot but receive some infection from the putrified Humors about the Ulcer and carry it to the left Ventricle where it kindles that Fever which is but sleight because the Putrefaction is not great But continual for that every time the Heart dilates something of that Putrefaction falls into the left Ventricle VII The Nostrils are dry because the Flegmatic humors have found out other Passages to the Breast and none come to the Nostrils VIII The Patient is emaciated because the Blood is corrupted by the putrid Humors continually heated in the Heart and mingled with the Blood which is thereby made unfit for Nourishment and uncapable of Assimulation with the Parts IX The Appetite decays because the Stomach not being nourished with good Blood grows weak and breeds bad Humors besides that the continual and violent Agitation of the Cough destroys the natural Constitution of it so that it is not sensible of that Corosion which begets Hunger neither can it conveniently retain nor concoct the Nourishment received X. By what has been said it is apparent that the Disease is a Consumption the certain Signs of which are Bloody and purulent Spittle a soft and lingring Fever and a wasting of the whole Body XI This Disease is very dangerous 1. Because the Ulcer is in such a Bowel the use of which cannot be spared 2 Because it is in a Spungy part that is not easily consolidated 3. Because attended with a Fever that drys up the whole Body 4. Because there is a great wast and decay of strength 5. Because the Cure of the Ulcer requires rest whereas the Lungs are always in continual Motion 6. Because the Medicaments do not come to the Lungs with their full Vertue but through various Concoctions 7. Because a Fever and an Ulcer require different Remedies XII The Method of Cure requires 1. That the cold ill Temper of the Head be amended the generation of cold Humors and the defluctions of cold Humors and the Cough be prevented and allay'd 2. That the Ulcer be cured and the Fever be remov'd XIII First Therefore the defluction of the Catarrhs is to be diverted from the Breast by Issues in the Neck or Arm. The Head is to be corroborated the redounding cold Humors are to be dry'd up and the obstructed Pores to be opened To which purpose the Temples and Bregma are to be anointed Morning and Evening with Oyl of Rosemary Sage Amber Nutmegs c. Let him also wear a Quilted Cap stuft with Cephalics for some time ℞ Leaves of Marjoram and Rosemary an ʒ j. s. Flowers of Rosemary Lavender Melilot an ʒ j. Nutmegs ℈ ij Cloves Storax an ℈ j. Beat them into a gross Powder for a Quilt XIV The Belly is to be gently moved with Manna or Syrup of Roses Solutive XV. Then to facilitate Excretion of the Spittle with such Remedies as at the same time may heal the Ulcer ℞ Syrup of Venus-hair of Comfrey of dried Roses an ℥ j. Mix them for a Looch Or such kind of Trochischs ℞ Flower of Sulphur Powder of sliced Liconice an ʒ j. Root of Florence Orrice ℈ ij Haly's Powder against a Consumption ʒ iij. Benjamin Saffron an ℈ j. White Sugar ℥ v. With rose-Rose-water q. s. Make them into a Past for Trochischs XVI If the Cough continue very violent add to the Looches a little white Syrup of Poppy Moreover to allay the Cough and recover strength let him frequently take of this Amygdalate ℞ Sweet Almonds blanched ℥ ij s. Four greater Cold Seeds an ʒ j. Seed of white Poppy ʒ iij. Barley water q. s. Make an Emulsion to lb j. To which add Syrup of Popies ʒ ij Sugar of Roses q. s. XVII Afterwards for the more speedy closing the Ulcer use this Conditement ℞ Haly's Powder against a Consumption ʒiij Old Conserve of Red Roses ℥ j. s. Syrup of Comfrey For a Conditement XVIII Let his Food be easie of Digestion and very nutritive as potched Eggs Veal Mutton and Chicken-Broath with cleansed Barley Raisins Rice Almonds Chervil Betony and such like Ingredients also Gellys of the same Flesh. Let him drink Goats Milk Morning and Evening warm from the Udder and not eat after it for some hours Let his Drink be Ptisans sweetned with Sugar of Roses Let him sleep long keep his Body quiet and his Belly solule HISTORY IX Of a Syncope A Man forty Years of Age of a Flegmatic Constitution after he had fed largly upon Lettice Cowcumbers Fruit Whey and such like Diet all the Summer long at length having lost his Stomach became very weak with a kind of sleepiness and numness and a Syncope which often returned if any thing troubled or affrighted him which Syncope held him sometimes half an hour sometimes longer with an extraordinary chillness of the extream parts and much cold Sweat so that the standers by thought him Dead Coming to himself he complained of a Faintness of his Heart and with an Inclination to Vomit voided at the Mouth a great quantity of Mucous Flegm no Fever nor any other Pain I. MAny Parts in this Patient were affected and many times the whole Body but the Fountains of the Disease were the Stomach and Heart whence all the rest proceeded II. The most urging Malady was a thick Syncope which is a very great and Headlong prostration of the Strength proceeding from want of heat and Vital Spirits III. Now that it was a Syncope and no Apoplexy is apparent from the Pulse and Respiration both which cease at the very beginning whereas at the beginning of an Apoplexy they continue for some time IV. The remote cause of this Syncope is disorderly Dyet crude and cold which weakens the Stomach that it cannot perfect Concoction and thence a vast quantity of viscous Flegm which adhering to the upper Orifice of the Stomack begets in that cold and moist Distemper which destroys the Stomach And because there is a great consent between the Stomach and the Heart by means of the Nerves of the sixth Conjugation inserted into the Orifices of the Heart and Pericardium hence the Heart becomes no less languid and fainting sometimes suffers a Syncope For that Flegmatic Blood affords very few Spirits for want of which the strength fails and sometimes is ruin'd altogether V. And not only the Animal but the Vital Actions fail for the Vital Spirits failing in the Heart the Animal fail also in the Brain And the Motion of the Heart failing the Motion of the Brain fails which renders the Body numb'd and sleepy though the Syncope be over VI. In this Syncope the Patient lies like a dead Man
by reason of the extraordinary Prostration of the Strength and Vital Actions The External Parts are cold for want of hot Blood from the Heart There is a cold clammy Sweat in regard the thin Vapors which otherwise used insensibly to exhale through the Pores of the Skin are suddenly condensed by the sudden want of Heat and so sticking viscous to the Skin begets a cold Sweat Nor is there hardly any Respiration to be perceived for that the fainting Heart sends no hot Blood to be cool'd in the Lungs besides that the Motion of the Heart and Brain failing few or no Animal Spirits are sent to the Respiratory Muscles VII The Syncope ceasing the Languor of the Heart remains by reason of the great quantity of Flegm contained in the Stomach which flows out at the Mouth with a kind of nauseating VIII This is a dangerous Malady as well in respect of the Principal Bowel affected as in respect of the Cure in regard of the Weakness of the Patient IX The Cure is as well to be begun during the Syncope as when it is over X. During the Syncope the extream Parts are to be rubbed with Musk Amber Benjamin green Baum bruised and such other odorous Smells are to be held to the Nostrils either alone or mixed with Wine or Spirit of Wine A little of Matthiolus's Aqua Vitae Spirit of Wine Cinnamon-water or Hippocrass is to be powered down his Mouth with a Spoon and the Region of the Stomach to be somented with this Epitheme warmly applied ℞ Rosemary Baum Mint Leaves of Laurel an M j. Nutmegs Cinnamon Cloves an ʒj s. Fennel Seed ʒij Generous Wine q. s. Boil them according to Art to lbj To the Straining add Spirit of Wine ℥ ij For an Epitheme XI When the Syncope is past the Flegm accumulated in the Stomach is gently to be removed To which purpose let him take this Bolus ℞ Electuar Hiera Picra ʒij for a Bolus Or this Powder ℞ Root of Ialap Cinnamon an ℈ j. Diagridion gr iiij Make them into Powder XIII Afterwards to strengthen the Heart and Stomach and gently to purge away the Flegm this medicated Wine is very proper Of which let the Patient take a Draught every Day or every other Day ℞ Root of Elecampane ℥ s. Acorus Galangale an ʒij Baum Marjoram Tops of Wormwood an M. s. Orange Peels Iuniper Berries an M. s. Fennel and Anise-seed an ʒj s. Agaric Lucid Aloes an ʒj Choice Cinnamon ʒij s. Cloves ℈ ij Put these into a Bag to be hung in lbiiij Of odoriferous White-wine XIV In the day time let the Patient now and then drink a little Hippocrass or Hydromel after a little Bag of Cinnamon Nutmegs Ginger Cloves and Grains of Cardamum has been hung Or take now and then a small quantity of this Conditement ℞ Specier Diambrae Sweet Diamosch an ʒj s. Orange-peels Roots of Elecampane Ginger condited an ℥ s. Conserve of Anthos ℥ v. Oyl of Cinnamon and Cloves an gutt ij Syrup of preserved Ginger q. s. For a Conditement Or let him use these Tablets ℞ Choice Cinnamon ℈ ij Mace Cloves White Ginger an ℈ j. Specier Diambrae ʒj Sugar dissolved in odoriferous Wine ℥ iij. For Tablets XV. Outwardly apply this little Bag to the Region of the Heart and Stomach ℞ Cloves Cinnamon Nutmeg Storax Benjamin an ℈ j. s. Leaves of Marjoram and Rosemary an M. s. Reduce them into a gross Powder to be sowed into a little Bag. Lastly that which is called the Amber Apple or Storax Benjamin Grains of Cardamom Cloves or other odoriferous Spices somewhat bruised and ty'd up in a thin piece of Silk or put into an ivory or silver Box perforated will be very proper to smell to XVI When the Patient begins to recover Strength let him take a spoonful or two of this Mixture ℞ Strong Rhenish-wine ℥ iiij cinnamon-Cinnamon-water ℥ j. Matthiolus's Aqua Vitae ʒvj Confection of Alkermes ʒj s. Perl'd Sugar q. s. to a moderate Sweetness For want of this Composition let him take a little generous Wine or Spirit of Wine or Matthiolus's Aqua Vitae XVII Let his Chamber be strewed with odoriferous Herbs as Baum Thyme Marjoram Rosemary c. or else be perfumed with Cephalic Spices His Diet must be sparing easie of Digestion and very nutritive as the Juices and Gravies of Chickens and Partridges Gellies of Mutton Veal and Hens prepared with Baum Rosemary Sage Roots of wild Raddish Anise and Fennel-seed Nutmeg Cloves Pepper Ginger Cinnamon c. His Drink must be midling Wine Hydromel or Ale moderately taken tinctured with a little Wormwood Nor will it be amiss to take now and then a little Wormwood-wine or Hippocrass or a spoonful of Matthiolus's Aqua Vitae or Spirit of Juniper Wine Cinnamon or Fennel Wine His Sleep and Exercise must be moderate and gentle and his Excrements must have their due and regular Course HISTORY X. Of the Palpitation of the Heart A Lusty young Man about thirty four years of Age but somewhat Scorbutic and for a long time accustomed to salt Meats dryed in the Smoak and pickled in Vinegar and other Food of hard Digestion many times complained of a troublesome Ponderosity in his left Hypochondrion Afterwards about three or four hours after Meals he felt a strong Palpitation of his Heart accompanied with a strong Pulse very unequal and sometimes intermitting for two or three stroaks together at what time he was seized with an extraordinary Faintness This Palpitation lasted for half an hour then ceased again after which slight but frequent Palpitations often return'd His Appetite was indifferent and his Stomach digested well He slept also very well only sometimes he was troubled with frightful Dreams I. THE Part most manifestly affected in this Patient was the Palpitation of the Heart which is a disorderly and over vehement Motion of the Heart II. The Proximate Cause is a salt and sharp Humor mingled with the Blood which being mixed with the Chylus concocted out of sharp and salt Food and three or four hours after Meals poured forth into the hollow Vein and sliding with it into the Heart causes a disorderly and vehement Fermentation in the Chyle which is to be turned into Blood For the sharp and salt Particles of the Chylus together with the Veiny Blood impregnated with that sharp Humor falling into the Heart too much augment the Fermentation whence that vehement and disorderly Dilatation and Contraction of the Heart which causes that Inequality and strong beating of the Pulse III. Now in regard there are many fixed and thicker Particles mixed with the thinner Particles of that salt and sharp Humor which cannot be so soon dissolved and attenuated in the Heart therefore while the Heart is busied in the Dissolution and Dilatation of them the Pulse intermits for a stroke or two whence arises the Faintness for that no Spirits are forced to the Parts while the Pulse ceases IV. This vehement Palpitation lasts half an hour
because in that space all the Chylus of one Meal or the greatest part of it is mixt with the Blood in the hollow Vein and passes through the Heart and the Remainders more or less cause those slighter Palpitations afterwards V. Now the reason why that sharp Humor continually flowing with the Veiny Blood to the Heart does not cause a continual Palpitation is because the Particles of the Blood and sharp Humor fermented in the Heart are many times more equal more mitigated and less sharp so that such vehement Effervescencies cannot be excited in the Heart especially if they fall into the Ventricles by degrees and in lesser quantity But when the Body being heated by exercise the Blood more copiously and rapidly passes through the Heart with its sharp Particles mixed with it then the Heat encreasing and the sharp Humors abounding the Effervescency increases and thence the vehement Palpitation which abates upon Rest and Diminution of the Heat and extraordinary Motion of the Blood VI. This salt and sharp Humor is bred through a particular Depravity of the Spleen and emptied out of it into the Liver through the Spleenic Branch where it is concocted with the sulphurous Juice and mixed in the hollow Vein with the Blood flowing to the Heart The Vice of the Spleen is a depraved and salt ill Tempet with some Obstruction causing that troublesome Ponderosity VII The Stomach still craves and digests well because it is not affected besides that the same sharp Humors carried with the Blood through the Arteries to the Tunicles of it raise a Fermentation within it VIII He sleeps well but troubled with troublesome Dreams because that Vapors ascending to the Brain do cause Sleep but being somewhat sharp they twitch the Membranes of the Brain and the beginnings of the Nerves and so disordering the Fancy procure frightful Dreams IX This Disease is dangerous because the Heart is affected and because the depraved Disposition of the Bowels is not so soon reformed X. The Cure aims at three things 1. To correct the Depravity of the Spleen 2. To attenuate and concoct the salt and sharp Hâ—…mors in the Brain 3. To corroborate the Heart XI First then let the Patient be three or four times purged with Pill Cochiae Hiera Pills or Golden Pills Electuary of Diaphoenicon Hiera Picra Confection Hamech or Infusion of Senna Leaves Agaric c. XII Afterwards let him take this Apozem â„ž Roots of Elecampane Fennel an â„¥ j. Of Capers Tamarisch an â„¥ s. Germander Dodder Fumitory Borage Motherwort Water Trefoil an M. j. Baum M. ij Citron Rind Iuniper Berries an Ê’v Fennel-seed Ê’iij Blew Currans â„¥ ij Water and Wine equal Parts Boil them to an Apozem of lbj. s. XIII After he has taken this let him drink every Morning a Draught of this medicated Wine â„ž Roots of Acorus Elecampane an â„¥ j. Of Capers and Tamarisch an Ê’ij Water Tresoil Germander an M. s Orange-peels â„¥ s. Iuniper Berries Ê’vj Choice Cinnamon Ê’j s. Cloves ℈ j. Fennel-seed Ê’ij Lucid Aloes white Agaric an ℈ iiij Make them into a Bag to be sleeped in Wine XIV In the Afternoon let him take the quantity of a Nutmeg two or three times â„ž Specier Diambrae Sweet Diamosch an Ê’j Orange-peel and Root of candy'd Elecampane Conserve of Anthos of Flowers of Sage and Baum an â„¥ s. Syrup of Elecampane q. s. for a Conditement XV. Let him keep a good Diet upon Veal Lamb young Mutton Pullets Rabbets and Partridges c. The Broths of which must be prepar'd with Rosemary Borage Baum Betony Hyssop Calamint creeping Thyme Leaves of Lawrel Root of wild Raddish Rinds of Citron and Oranges Seeds of Anise and Fennel Nutmeg Cinnamon Cloves Ginger c. Also gravelly River-fish Turneps and new-laid Eggs. His Drink midling Ale with a little Wine at Meals Moderate Sleep and Exercise and a soluble Belly THE CURES OF THE Chief Diseases OF THE LOWER BELLY WITH THE CASES OF THE PATIENTS IN THREE HISTORIES HISTORY I. Of a Preternatural Ravening Hunger A Young Man twenty eight years of age of a healthy Constitution but somewhat Melâ—…ncholy and a great Lover of hard salt and acid Diet was sometimes seized with a very great and extraordinary Hunger so that unless he presently drank two or three Draughts of strong Ale or Wine and eat a piece of Bread or other Meat he complained of a Dimness of Sight accompanied with a slight Vertigo and presently became so weak that not being able to stand he fell into a Swoon From which when he recovered and had refreshed himself with Bread and Wine he continued free from that excessive Hunger for some days This Distemper suddenly came upon him sometimes in the Morning when he was fasting sometimes an hour after Meals before his Stomach was well emptied without any Nauseousness or Vomiting I. THE Stomach of this Man was affected in the upper Part of the Stomach and the Disease is called Bulinus Which is a Preternatural and Insatiable hunger seizing a Man on a suddain with Weakness and Swooning II. The remote Cause was a Melancholly Disposition of the Body and such a Dyet as somewhat vitiated the Concoction of the Spleen which bred many sharp and Acid Humors in the Body ill concocted by the Spleen which being carried to the Ventricles and adhering to the upper Part of it near the Stomach twich'd it after a peculiar manner and by means of a certain acid Distemper and Constriction caused an extraordinary Hunger III. The swooning follows together with a notorious weakness because of the great consent between the Stomach the heart and the Brain by means of the vagous Nerves which are inserted into the Stomach and upper Part of the Ventricle with infinite little Branches which being ill affected about the Stomach by Sympathy the Heart and Brain are affected Now the Brain being affected presently the Animal Spirits were disturbed which caused the dimness of Sight and the Vertigo The same disorderly and sparing Influx was the occasion of the weakness and faintness of the Heart which is the reason it makes lesser Vital Spirits and sends a lesser quantity of Arterious Blood to the Heart IV. Now whether a few hours after Meals or Fasting t is all one for at whatever time that subacid Juice flows into the Ventricle and knaws the upper Part of it that vehement Hunger seizes V. The Patient is so corroborated with strong Ale or generous Wine and the Distemper is presently mitigated because such sort of Liquor refreshes both Animal and Vital Spirits and washes off nay sometimes concocts and digests the acid Humor sticking to the Tunicles of the Ventricle and breaks the sowre Force of it till there be a sufficient quantity of the same Humor collected again to make the same Vellication VI. The danger of this Distemper is least the Patient should be seized at any time with this raving Hunger where Meat and Drink are not to be had and so should be carry'd off in
Opinion that the Chylus is not always white but that from red Nourishment it becomes red from green green But herein they mistake for were it not white of it self it never would be found always white in the Milky Vessels of the Mesentery and Breast but we should also meet with red green or any other Colour which was never yet observ'd by any Person True it is that frequently it appears sometimes more sometimes less serous and thin in the pectoral Chanel of the Chylus according as there is more or less of the Lymphatic Juice which flows in great quantity from all parts into the Chyle-bearing Bag which Limpid Juice when there is no Chyle continually and leisurely flows alone through that Chanel nevertheless the Chyle that appears in those Milky ways is never seen to be of any other Colour than white XXXIV Therefore tho' the whitish Colour of it may be something darken'd in the Ventricle and Intestins by many other thick Particles of the Nourishment tinctur'd with green red or any other Colour and intermix'd with it in such a manner that the Mixture cannot be discern'd it does not thence follow that the Chylus of it self has any other Colour than white For tho' in green Herbs the white or rather pellucid Colour of the spirituous and watery Parts be not apparent to the sight it follows not from thence that the spiritous and watry part of those Herbs is of a green Colour for if the separation be made by distillation it presently appears pellucid And so it is with the Chylus for being separated from the Mass which is tinctur'd with any more cloudy Colour mix'd with the acid Ferment of the Pancrâ—…as or Sweetbread it never appears of anâ—… other Colour than white XXXV But because Chylification cannot go forward unless the Nourishment be swallowed into the Stomach it will not be amiss before we prosecute any farther the History of Chylification first to inquire into the cause of Hunger that so we may more easily attain to the more perfect knowledge of Chylification XXXVI What Hunger is there is no man but can readily give an account that is to say a desire of Food But what it is that provokes that desire and is the occasion of it has been variously disputed among the Philosophers XXXVII Anciently they held that it proceeded from the attraction or sucking of the emptied Parts and that the first emptied Parts suck'd it from the Veins the Veins from the Liver the Liver from the Stomach endu'd with a peculiar sucking Quality which act of sucking they thought occasioned that trouble which we call Hunger But this Opinion is now adays utterly exploded First for that according to this Opinion plethoric Persons would never be hungry Secondly because there can be no such attâ—…action by the emptied Parts through the Veins from the Liver by reason of the little Lappets or Folding-doors that hinder it XXXVIII Others observing that acid things create Hunger believ'd it to be occasion'd by the acid Iuices carried from the Spleen through the Vas breve to the Ventricle But this Opinion Modern Anatomy more curious has utterly destroy'd demonstrating in living Animals that the Blood descends through that Vessel from the Stomach toward the Spleen and so empties it self into the Splenic Branch but that nothing flows a contrary Course from the Spleen to the Stomach XXXIX Many there are of which number Regius who affirms that Hunger is occasion'd by the biting of the emptied Ventricle by certain sharp and hot Iuices continually forc'd through the Arteries into the Ventricle or its Tunicles which after the Expulsion of the Chylus not knowing what to gnaw upon prick the Ventricle whereby the Nerve of the sixth Pair being mov'd within it after a certain manner excites an Imagination of taking Nourishment for the relief of that pricking But this Opinion is from hence confuted for that the Blood of the Arteries by reason of the Dominion of the Sulphury Particles is by no means sowre but smooth soft and sweet so that it neither does nor can cause any troublesome pricking or corrosion neither in the Tunicles of the Ventricle nor of any other Parts tho' of most exquisite Sense as the Adnate or Conjunctive Tunicle of the Eye the Nut of the Yard c. Besides it would hence follow That by how much the more of this Arterious Blood is thrust forward to the emptied Stomach so much the more hungry a man would be but the Contrary is apparent in burning Fevers that such as in health have fasted two days together are no more a hungry whereas their Stomach is clearly emptied and the Blood continually flowing through the Arteries into the Stomach Then if Hunger should be provok'd by that Corrosion why does not that hungry Corrosion happen in such People We were about forty of us one time travelling together in our Return out of France at what time being becalm'd at Sea so that there was a necessity for us to tarry longer than we expected all our Provision Water and other Drink being near spent so that at length we were constrain'd to fast the third day not having a crumb of Bread nor a draught of Drink to help our selves but after we had fasted half a day or a little more there was not one that perceiv'd himself a hungry so that the third day was no other way troublesome to us but that it weak'ned us and made us faint Neither did the Arterious Blood occasion any hungry Corrosion in our empty Stomachs And thus not only Reason but also Experience utterly overthrows the aforesaid Opinion And therefore Ludovicus de la Forge vainly invents a way for this Arterious fermentative Liquor from the Arteries to the Stomach in Annot. ad Cartesii lib. de Hom where saith he It may be here question'd why that Liquor i. e. the Fermentative is carried through the Arteries to the Stomach and Ventricle rather than to other Parts To which I answer That the Arteries conveigh it equally to all Parts but the Pores of all the Membranes are not so convenient to give it passage as the Pores of the Ventricle Now that this feign'd Subterfuge is of no moment appears from hence That in the Membrances of the Brain and many others whose Pores are so convenient that the Blood may be able to flow in greater quantity through them than is convey'd to the Stomach yet there is neither any Corrosion or Vellication of the Part. Some that they may defend this Corrosion the better say That the Blood which is conveighed or flows to the Stomach is sharper than that which is conveighed to any other Part. But this no way coheres with Truth because all the Blood is one and the same which is sent out of the Heart to all the Parts of the whole Body nor is there any thing to separate the sharp from the milder Particles or thrusts 'em forward to these rather than to those Parts XL.
not be precipitated as it were at one fall The same Kerckringius was the first also that discover'd and observ'd Valves or little Trap-doors like to these in the Colon Gut which he has plainly shewn me in a thick and blown Gut and then dry'd which is the best way to discern 'em most perspicuously And therefore he deservedly merits the Applause of this first Invention seeing that never any Person before ever made mention of these Folâ—…ing Docrs or Valves that I know of XXI The third proceeding from the foremention'd is call'd Ilium by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from its being twisted and twirl'd and Volvulus by the Latins by reason of its Circumvolution and the multitude of its Twistings XXII This being seated under the Navel next the Lateral Parts of the Abdomen and the Ribs equals the breadth of a transverse Finger and in length exceeding the other two Measures one or two and twenty Palms XXIII The Original of it is where the Intestine begins to grow narrower and being somewhat ruddy ends at Bauhinus's Valve where the Colon begins XXIV That which follows is call'd Intestinum Crassum the thick Gut as being of a more fleshy and thick Substance and that is also divided into three Parts the Blind the Colon and Intestinum Rectum or the Right Gut XXV The first is that which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latins Caecum so call'd from its obscure use or else because it is not passible or penetrable at the other end whence it is also call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mesocolon And therefore it is a small Appendix like a long Worm sticking to the beginning of the Colon in length about four Fingers transverse having a small Cavity in People grown up altogether empty but in the Birth full of Excrements Spigelius has sometimes found a round Worm within it In fourfooted Beasts it contains some Excrements for the most part XXVI It is not fasten'd to the Mesentery but by the help of the Peritonaeum is joyn'd to the Right Kidney XXVII The Use of this Gut was unknown till of late tho' some there were that attributed to it this Use others that tho' all were but vain conjectures with which they thought fitting rather to expose than confess their own Ignorance XXVIII The second of the thick Guts is called Colon as much as to say 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or hollow as being the most hollow of all the Guts or as others will have it from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to hinder because the Excrements are Stops in its little Cells This is larger and broader than the rest as being eight or nine Palms in length XXIX It begins about the Os Ilium knitting it self to the next Kidney hence it ascends upward and then being turned toward the Liver it proceeds athwart under the bottom of the Stomach to which by the help of the Caul it is joyned and on the left Hand is joyned to the Spleen and left Kidney with thin Membranes and then winding about the left Os Ilium weaves to the beginning of the Intestinum Rectum It possesses the upper Part of the Belly 1. To the end the Excrements that are gathered within it may be rowl'd down by their Weight and so the more easily exonerated 2. To assist in some measure the Concoction of the Stomach by the heat of the Excrements in regard the Chymists believe no Digestion to be so natural as that which is perfected by the heat of Dung 3. Secondly to prevent the middle Mesentery from being compressed by the weight of the Excrements Which would very much straiten the milkie and Lymphatic Vessels and Mesaraic Veins and Arteries XXX It has a proper Ligament about the breadth of the middle Finger according to its length extended at the upper Part from the Caecum to the Intestinum Rectum wherein the Row of little Cells is contain'd XXXI It is ty'd to the upper and lower Parts by the Assistance of the Peritonaeum Veslingius ascribes to it two peculiar suspensorie Ligaments that never appear But the Extremity of it which below the left Kidney extends it self to the beginning of the Intestinam Rectum is ty'd to no part but remains free from any manner of Band and is overspread with a good quantity of Fat. XXXII At the Ingress of the thin Gut it has an orbicular Valve or little solding Door looking upwards which prevents the Ascension of the Excrements and Vapors which from the first Finder is now called Bauhinus's Valve tho' others rather ascribe the first Discovery to Varolius and Salomon Albertus But Riolanus raises a bitter Contest concerning it XXXIII Anatomists do not agree in the Description of this Valve 1. Some say that it is a Membrane sticking to the Gut on one side and drawing before it a Curtain 2. Others say it consists of two Membranes opposite one to another placed toward the inner Parts of the Colon which closing together shut up the thin Gut 3. Others believe there is no true Valve in that place but a fleshy Circle wrapt over the thin Gut where it enters the thick one and contracting it like the sphincter Muscle 4. We our selves formerly as has bin said in the Preliminaries could not think it to be any other than a loose circular Membrane or some little Lappet of the Ilium Gut where it enters the Colon Which when any thing ascends out of the Ilium into the Colon gives way and opens But when the quagmiry Excrements or Vapors descend from the Colon to the Ilium falls and folds down and so by obstructing the way hinders the passage towards the thin Guts in the same manner as in the little long Gutters of Leather hanging out at the sides of Ships through which the Water that falls upon the Decks readily flows out again But tho' the Waves dash upon those Gutters yet because they do not mix with the Water therefore the Water coming not into them does not flow back Now that we might be assur'd in this our last Opinion I thought it convenient to fish out the Truth a little farther by some Experiment And therefore having taken the Colon out of a Body with a part of the Ilium and ty'd it at both ends with a Pack thread and blew into it with a strong Breath through a small Pipe and kept the Wind within with a small Thread and then dry'd the Gut so distended in the Air till it became hard And then we could clearly discern not only those half opening Valves of the Colon sound out by Kerckringius but we also observ'd the aforesaid Valve of Bauhinus to be a Membrane spread athwart over the Ingress of the thin Gut and hanging somewhat over toward the inner Parts of the Colon and boâ—…'d through in the middle from one side to the other with a right or straight Hole as if slit with a Penknife And so we observ'd also that the Lips
Blood flows out of the little Branches of the Vena Portae into the Roots of the Vena Cava and Vena Portae from the foresaid various and differing Opinions can hardly be made manifest XXIII In this Obscurity not only Malpigius by his Observations made with his Microscope but Glisson an exact Examiner of the Liver affords us great Light Which latter by his frequent Excarnations of this Bowel writes that he has found by Experience that the Branches of the Vena Portae and Vena Cava joyn one to another and there grow close together but do not open into one another nor that any little Branches are inserted into the Side of one another or close with the Ends of any other but only that the Sanguineous Humors are emptyed through the Ends of the Branches of the Vena Portae into the Substance of the Liver and from thence again enters the gaping Ends of the Vena Cava and Gall Vessels all which Ends terminate into the Substance of the Liver this Malpigius as abovesaid observed to be perform'd or done by the means of the Glandulous Balls of which the Substance of the Liver chiefly consists and that there is as much Blood and Humors suck'd up through the gaping Ends of those Roots as is poured into the Substance of the Branches of the Porta always granting a due and just proportion of the Bowel Certainly I believe there is great Credit to be given to the Experience of this famous Person For his Treatise sufficiently testifies that he was very diligent and laborious in making his Scrutinies into the Liver and therefore we have thought it necessary to quote his Experiment by which he solidly proves that there are no Anastomoses of the Vessels in the Liver anat Hep. c. 33. in these Words XXIV For the farther Confirmation saith he of this Opinion I will bring one memorable Experiment which gives a great Light not only to this Passage of the Blood out of the Vena Portae into the Cava but to several other things belonging to the Circulation of the Blood At a 〈◊〉 therefore at London we thought fit to try how easily Water being forc'd into the Porta would pass through the Liver To that end we took a good large Ox's Bladder fitted to a Pipe as when we give a Glister and fill'd it with warm Water coloured with a little Milk and then having ty'd it with a String that none of the Liquor might slide back we put in the top of the Pipe into the Porta near the Liver Presently the Bladder being hard squâ—…ez'd the Water passing through the Pipe enters the Vena Cava and thence carried into the right Sinus of the Heart goes to the Lungs through the Arterious Vein and passing through them slides down into the left Ventricle thence is carried into the Aorta and lastly we discern clear Milkie Footsteps of this Humor in the Kidneys The Liquor thus transmitted into the Liver wash'd away the Blood by degrees not only from the larger Vessels but also from the Capillaries and the Parenchyma it self For the bloody Colour seem'd to vanish by degrees and by and by all the Blood being wash'd away the Liver turn'd from a white and dark Brown into a kind of Yellow Which Colour as seems most probable to me is nearest the natural Colour of the Liver than the Ruddie which it borrows from the Blood continually passing through it After this Experiment made we cut pretty deep into the Parenchyma it self that we might know whether the inner Parts of it were likewise chang'd and there we also found all the Blood so washed away likewise that it could hardly be done in such a manner any other way For that the whole Parenchyma was all of the same Colour before mentioned Now if the injected Liquor had penetrated the Liver by the help of the Anastomoses how came it to pass that all the Blood was thence wash'd away and that the Parenchyma having lost the bloody Colour should presently of its own Accord put on the new Colour Certainly the Water could add no Colour to it which it wants it self Nor could the Milk impart to it that dark Brown Colour altho' by that means it might retain something of its Whiteness But for the avoyding of all farther Dispute I often try'd this Experiment with Water alone Yet still the Colour appear'd to be pale and dark Brown and because it appear'd to be alike in all the parts of the Parenchyma it was a certain sign that the Water wash'd all the Parts alike Which could not any way have been done if part of it having made its Passage through the Anastomoses had slid immediately into the Vena Cava Now that the Blood naturally takes the same Road with the Water I do not believe there is any one that questions And therefore I think it fit thereupon to conclude that the Blood does not glide through those feign'd Anastomoses but runs thorough the Parenchyma of the Liver it self XXV This celebrated Experiment added to the celebrated Observations of Malpigius so clearly illustrates the Understanding of a thing hitherto so obsâ—…ure that now there can be no farther Doubt concerning the manner of the Passage of the Blood out of the Porta into the Vena Cava nor of the natural Colour of the Liver it self which being boyl'd appears to be of a pale yellowish Colour inclining to a dark Brown And hence moreover it is most clearly apparent how in other Parts also the Circulation of the Blood is made not only through the Anastomoses of the Arteries with the Veins but through the Pores of the Substance of the Parts themselves Of which more at large l. 2. c. 8. XXVI As the Trunk of the Porta Vein entring the Liver in the hollow Part sends forth a thousand Branches into it so likewise a thousand Roots of the Vena Cava are dispersed through those interjacent Ramifications and there by little and little meet together toward the uppermost and inner part of the Liver and become fewer and larger till at length they close into one Trunk Continuous to the Vena Cava Which according to Riolanus is fortified with a Valve preventing the Ingress of the Blood out of the Vena Cava into the Liver Concerning which see l. 7. c. 10. But before they close together into that Trunk certain membranous Circles on the inner Side like Valves are opposed to the Boughs of the larger Roots meeting together sometimes thicker sometimes thinner which Bartholine has observ'd looking toward the greater Tunicle These hinder the Return of the Blood going forward toward the Vena Cava XXVII Concerning the Office of the Liver there are various Opinions of which the Ancientest and the most received is from Galen who saith that Sanguification is compleated in the Liver and that it is the true and primary sanguifying or blood-making Bowel But this Opinion after the Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood has been wholly abolish'd
Knowledg he attain'd by a particular Experiment That is by blowing up the Spleen through the Splenetic Artery and Branch till it was very much swollen and drying it swell'd as it was for so he says it may be plainly seen that the whole Mass of the Spleen consists of Membranous Ends or Cells like the Cells of Hony-combs And as for the Original of these Cells and their wonderful Structure he elegantly and at large describes it in his Book de Liene where it is to be read XXVIII The same Malpigius was the first that observed in the Substance of the Spleen several little Glandules worthy Observation Of which he thus writes In the Spleen says he are to be observ'd several numerous Clusters of little Glandules or rather little Bladders or Baggs dispersed through the whole Spleen that resemble a Cluster of Grapes exactly The least of these Glandules are of an Oval Figure and in bigness little differ from the Glandules of the Kidneys Their Colour as I have always observ'd is White and altho ' the Vasa Sanguinea of the Spleen by the pouring in of Ink swell and play about 'em these preserve the same Colour Their Substance seems to be Membranous but soft and subject to crumble Their Hollowness by reason of their extraordinary Smallness is not perceptible to the Eye and only to be apprehended by Conjecture while being slit they seem to fall one into another They are very numerous and almost innumerable and are wonderfully placed in the forementioned Cells of the whole Spleen where vulgarly its Parenchyma is said to be Also from the Slips there hang little Boxes or else from the Fibres that arise from it And besides the ends of the Arteries like young Vine Shoots or crawling Ivy creep about 'em which is to be observ'd in a fresh Spleeâ—… the Arteries being blacken'd They hang for the most part in Clusters every Cluster containing seven or eight Yet they do not so easily appear in the Spleen of every Creature Nay in the Spleen of an Ox a Sheep or a Goat they are only to be discovered upon Laceration of the Bowel or by a slight shaving with a Penkife and long washing with fair Water They are not so easâ—…ly discrib'd in a Man But if by the occasion of any Disease the whole Body of the Glandules swell they appear more manifest being enlarg'd in Bigness as I observ'd in a Girl that dy'd whose Spleen was full of little Globes dispersed in Clusters More than this in the same place he tells ye his Opinion of the Use of Glandules and what separation of Humors is made therein in a Discourse at large Certainly we are much indebted to this quicksighted Malpigius who by his Microscopes has so clearly dispell'd the thick Clouds that hung over the Knowledg of the Spleen to the end the use of it which was doubtful before may be the better understood XXIX Sometimes unusual things have been found in the Spleen Vesalius l. 19. de Corp. fab c. 9. writes that he found in the Spleen of a certain Person small enough but of an extraordinary Hardness Fat growing to the gibbous or bunchy Part compacted together like a hard white Stone Schenkius Observ. l. 3. relates that there was found in the Body of a Spoletan Lord a Spleen without any Juice or Pulp at all empty like a Purse and fix'd to the left Ribs Tâ—…rneiferus in Exam. Urin. writes that he found a Stone in the Spleen of a certain noble Woman of the Bigness of a Chestnut soft as Alabaster weighing two Ounces and five Drams consisting as it were of thin places wrapt one within another like Eggshels In like manner Fallopius has observed Stones to be bred in the Spleen In the Year 1667. in Ianuary we dissected a Woman in the presence of several Spectators whose Spleen was exact as to its Proportion and for heat and hardness well enough but in the fore-part where it looks toward the Stomach we observ'd a white Substance much different from the Substance of the Bowel hard and firm and which would scarce give way to the crushing of the Fingers about the bigness of a Goose Egg not growing withoutside to the Bowel nor swelling outward from it but plainly and truly continuous with it and being a part of it tho' nothing like the other Particles of the Bowel neither could it be called Fat or a Glandule from whose Service it differ'd altogether XXX Concerning the Temper of the Spleen some question whether it be to be call'd a hot or a cold Part To which I answer that it ought to be call'd a cold Part. Not that it is really cold but less hot than the Heart Liver and many other Bowels and besides because it refrigerates the arterious Blood that flows into it and makes it subacid and fixes and dulls its sulphury hot Particles and deprives 'em of all their Volatilitie XXXI Concerning the Action of the Spleen various are the Opinions of the Learned Erasistratus and Ruffus the Ephesian will allow it no Office or Function Aristotle affirms it to be necessary by Accident like the Excrements of the Belly and Bladder Hippocrates calls the Spleen a Fountain of Water And hence perhaps Wharton affirms that it sucks forth a watry Liquor out of the Blood but to what end cannot be discovered unless it be for the Nourishment of the Nerves Which Opinion we have sufficiently refuted to which he adds several other things of little Moment concerning the use of the Spleen XXXII Many according to the Opinion of Galen and the Ancients believed the Office of it to be to separate the feculent or melancholy part of the Chylus and to attract it through the splenetic Branch and to collect it into its self as the Gall-bladder receives the yellow Choler and to concoct it somwhat than to empty it again partly through the Vas Breve into the Stomach to excite Hunger and partly through the splenetic Branch into the Intestins and through the Haemorrhoidal Vein to the Podex Which Opinion Bauhinus Riolan and Bartholine have refuted by many and almost the same Reasons tho' there were little need of so many when these three are sufficient to destroy it 1. Because there is no such large Hollowness in the Spleen where such Excrement should be stor'd up 2. Because there is no way through which it may be commodiously evacuated since it neither ought nor can pass and repass through the same Splenetic Branch 3. Because if in a living Animal you tye a Knot upon the Splenetic Vein the Vas venosum breve and the Haemorrhoidal Vein it demonstrates the contrary as we have already shown which Demonstration alone is sufficient to destroy that fond Opinion XXXIII Vesalius Plater Charles Piso Bauhin Spigelius Jessenus and many others affirm'd the Spleen to be a sanguifying Bowel no less than the Liver and call'd it as Aristotle does Hepar Vicarium the Deputy-Liver believing when the Liver was
any Anatomist yet of necessity must be there Such milkie Vessels extended toward the Teats are not to be seen and yet that there are such Vessels stalks of Herbs eaten the day before and voided through the Paps and Broth dy'd with Saffron flowing out at the Teats of the same Colour sufficiently declare Now if these Vessels in the Teats are invisible to the Eyes what wonder that they which tend to the Womb and Bladder should not be discover'd However for the better clearing of this difficulty I would desire all Anatomists that they would use a little more than ordinary diligence in the search of these Vessels for the common benefit to the end that what is now but meerly conjectur'd at may come to be evident by solid Demonstrations Others there are who never thinking of the milkie Vessels have invented or at least imagin'd other ways XXXIII Bartholine l. de Lact. Thorac l. 6. 9. believes that this same thick Matter Needles the milkie Iuice and the like and in great Drinkers and those that cannot hold their Water the Liquor they drink nothing or very little alter'd are carried by a direct and short way to the Emulgent Arteries and so through the Kidneys to the Bladder But these Passages are not confirm'd by sight because those Chanels from the Chyle-bearing bag to the Emulgent Arteries are not to be found nor any Branches carried to the Sweet-bread and Liver of which he also discourses in the same place and therefore the Lymphatic Vessels seem to have deceived this learned Person as well as many others Moreover grant that the milkie Vessels reach to the said parts yet how is it possible that Needles Bodkins and the like of a great length and not to be bent should pass through those narrow and winding porous Passages of the Substance of the Reins And therefore of necessity this Invention of so famous a Man must fall to the ground XXXIV Clemens Niloe writes that some of the milkie Vessels are carried to the Vice-Reins or black Choler Kidneys call'd Capsulae Atrabilariae and that from those the serous Liquors flow to the external Tunicle and thence farther through the Ureters to the Bladder But the Hypothesis falters or rather fails altogether in this that the Hypothesis was first to be prov'd that the milkie Vessels are carried thither Besides there is no passage from these black Choler Caâ—…kets to the Ureters but they discharge themselves into the Emâ—…lgeut Veins or Vena Cava and so nothing can come from them to the Ureters XXXV Bernard Swalve going about to shew more manifest and shorter ways writes that the Bath waters acid Iuices and any Liquor plentifully drank is easily sâ—…ck't up in the Stomach by the Gastrick Veins gaping presently upon their approach and so are immediately carried to the Heart But the vanity of this Fiction is every way apparent For the more plentiful draughts of acid Liquors whether Wine or any other Liquid Juice were receiv'd by the Gastrick Veins in the Ventricle must of necessity be carried then to the Vena Portae the Liver the Vena Cava and the Lungs and in so long a way and passing through so many Bowels must of necessity be subject to a remarkable change and alter their colours whereas before they are presently piss'd out without any colour at all Nor could they retain the â—… inctures of Saffron Rubarb and other things and be piss'd out as they are with the same hue and smell as they went in Moreover by the Confession of Swalve himself there is nothing thick or chylous canpass through those ways by reason of their extraordinary narrowness whereas we find by experience that Matter Needles Milk and black Physick has been presently discharg'd by Urine Then again if so great a quantity of cold Acids as is commonly consum'd in a short space should be carried through the forementioned passages certainly the heat of the Liver Heart and Lungs would be extinguish'd by that same actual Cold and the whole Body would become colder than Marble and so shortness of Breath Dropsies and such like Distempers would presently seize all those that drink those Liquors whereas experience tells us that those Distempers are cur'd by Acids Thus the Opinions of Doctors concerning a shorter way to the Bladder are very uncertain among which nevertheless our own above mention'd seems to be most probable till another more likely be discover'd XXXVI Forestus Duretus and after them Beverovicius and Laselius write that one Kidney being obstructed the other becomes useless and losing its own action intercepts the fâ—…owing of the Urine which Riolanus says has been more than once observ'd by himself which he also believes comes to pass by reason of the sympathy between each other by reason of their partnership in duty and hence if the one be out of order the other growing feeble immediately languishes Which Veslingius also intimates in few words But in this particular I take Experience to be prefer'd before the Authorities and Opinions of the most learned Men which has many times taught us the contrary that is to say That one Kidney being obstructed or any other way distemper'd the other remains sound and makes sufficient way for the Urine of which I could produce several Examples which for brevities sake I omit Sometimes indeed we have seen that by a Stone falling down upon one Kidney the passage of the Urine has been stop'd which has not happen'd by reason of any sympathy but because unfelt by the Patient the other Kidney had been long obstructed before and yet the Urine having sufficient passage through the opposite Kidney which opposite Kidney being by chance obstructed likewise presently the passage of the Urine is quite stop'd up Which the Dissections of dead Bodies apparently teach us For many times we have found one Ureter quite obstructed near the Orifice which the sick Person never perceived in his life time while his Urine pass'd freely through the other Nor did we ever observe a total suppression of Urine where the Kidneys were faulty but we found upon Dissection both Kidneys obstructed The Lord Wede a Noble man of Utrecht often at other times subject to Nephritic Pains found his Urine of a suddain supprest by reason of an Obstruction in his Kidneys and yet without any pain Presently that same whimsey of consent came into the Physicians heads believing that one Kidney was suddainly obstructed and that the other fail'd in its Office by consent At length all Remedies in vain attempted in fourteen days he dy'd But then his Body being open'd in both Kidneys was found a Stone of an indifferent bigness shap'd like a Pear that was fall'n upon the Orifice of the Ureter and had quite damm'd up the urinary Passage Who would now have thought that in both Kidneys two Stones should be fallen at the same time upon both the Orifices of the Ureters And therefore it is most probable that long before one
like a Pigeons Egg and sometimes a small Hen-egg somewhat flat of each side Yet in both there is some variety according as the Vessels adjoyning are more or less swell'd Generally likewise the left exceeds in bigness the right and hangs down somewhat lower rarely the right is bigger than the left Sometime in Veneral Distempers now and then one or both grow to an usual bigness which afterwards when the Disease has been cur'd I have observ'd to continue as long as the Party liv'd without any prejudice but this is preternatural as is also that which Lazarus Riverius reports of one whose Testicles exceeded the Stones of a Horse in bigness from which afterward fell very hard pieces of a stony Substance And no less extraordinary is that which Hildan observes of a certain Person that was troubled with a Dropsie whose right Stone being grown as big as a Goose Egg was found stufft full of Hairs intermix'd with a purulent oily and white matter Plater likewise gives us an Example of Stones as big as a Man's head in a Person that was very bulky and fat XXII Their Substance is peculiar there being none like it of all the other parts of the Body whitish and soft consisting of innumerable very little small Ropes of the Seminal Vessels joyn'd together in a continu'd Series in which altho there be no manifest Concavity to be perceiv'd yet that the said little Ropes are hollow and conveigh the Seed invisibly is apparent if they be made visible Now Regner de Graef was he that first taught us the way to make 'em visible to the sight for he in a Dog or other living Animal tyes the Deferent Vessel by which means the innermost little strings of the little Vessels of the Testicles otherwise imperceptible will easily become conspicuously distended and fill with Seminal Matter He tells us also that these Vessels appear through a whitish Tunicle full of white Seed in the Testicles of a larger Dormouse he adds also that if you put the same Testicles into Water after you have stript off the Tunicle and stir them a little in the Water the little Vessels of their own accord without the help of Instruments will separate one from another and the whole Substance of the Testicles appear to be compos'd of nothing but small Vessels which he had often made out to the Physicians and Surgeons of Delph And the same thing he also shew'd me lately in the Stone of a Dormouse which was so dissolv'd into little small whitish Vessels that it seem'd to consist altogether of such Tho' in the mean time it be very probable that in a living Creature there may be some peculiar tender marrowy Substance with certain imperceptible Glandules intermix'd with those Vessels which in the washing dissolution and preparation of those Vessels is separated from 'em and disappears For it can hardly be believ'd that the Stones should consist of little Vessels alone supported and connected without any other Substance seeing that in all the rest of the Bowels Liver Spleen Kidneys Brain c. the Vessels that run thorough are supported and fasten'd by the Peculiar Substance of that Bowel and the Humours contain'd in 'em by reason of the Property or peculiar Temper and Formation of the Substance adjoyning to those Vessels undergo a very great and specific Alteration which is no more than what may probably happen as well in the Stones as other Bowels XXIII The said Seed-bearing Vessels of the Stones being once loosen'd from each other are to be extended to a wonderful length requisite in those places to that end that the Seminal matter by a longer stay and a slower passage being more exactly and diligently prepared may attain to a greater perfection They are in an Error who write that the Stones are little small Glandules as not having neither temper their frame or fashion their substance nor their use but are noble Parts that give both strength and vigour to Men. Nay they may indeed be said to be the principal Parts as contributing so effectually to the Procreation and Preservation of Mankind XXIV They receive as has been said very small Arteries from the Spermaticks and send forth small Veins to the Vena Cava and left Emulgent Nerves also they have according to the Vulgar Opinion deriv'd from the sixth wandring Pair and the twelfth Pair of the Breast In Novemb. 1668. and again in Decemb. 1670. seeking more narrowly for these Nerves in publick Dissections of Humane Bodies we observ'd only one little Nerve belonging to each Stone a little above that place where the Spermatick Vessels seem to make their Exit out of the Abdomea which joyn'd themselves with the Spermatick Vessels and so entering their common sheath ran forward to the Stone but by reason of its extraordinary slenderness we could not well observe whether it were some little small branch of the sixth Pair of Nerves or of the twelfth Pair of the Breast or as others not without reason will have it of the twentieth or one and twentieth Pair of the Spinal Marrow which last seems to me most probable And so upon view very few small Nerves and perhaps but only one seem to run out to every Stone On the contrary Glisson however has lately written that he has seen several Nerves in the Stones contributing Matter to the Generation of Seed which great quantity of Nerves we could never observe in 'em but very few and those such as we could hardly get to reach beyond the whitish Tunicle For they are not conspicuous in the inner Substance of the Stones as well by reason of their extream Tenuity as through their whitish Colour tho' it is most certain that they give Animal Spirits to the blood that flows thither through the Arteries XXV But whether the Blood-bearing Vessels enter the Substance of the Stones it self or terminate in the whitish Tunicle is by some disputed Hippocrates seems to be or the first Opinion Lib. de Loc. in Hom. Lib. de Oss. Nat. where he writes that certain Veins do run to the Testicles Where by Veins he understands some of the blood-conveighing Vessels that is to say Veins and Arteries Others by reason that the Ingress of these Vessels is so obscure thought those Vessels did not enter the inner parts of the Stones they not appearing within the Stones but only disseminated through the white Tunicle But this Doubt will vanish if we look a little more narrowly into the Use and Formation of the Stones XXVI Their Use and Office is to make Seed and to that end they are compos'd of a peculiar Substance and innumerable Seminal Vessels wherein Seed is made But because Matter is requisite for the making of Seed hence Reason teaches us that of necessity there must be Blood-bearing Vessels and little Nerves inserted into those Seed-bearing Vessels for the supply and infusion of matter by degrees to be changed into Seed But some perhaps
Bowels seem'd to appear but so confusedly as not to be distinguish'd and for Arteries there were none visible Besides this little Embryo a little crystal Bubble still swam upon the same dissolv'd Juice such as I found in the foregoing Abortments together with the Embryo about the bigness of a small Filbird of a most transparent colour wherein I could not perceive any delineations of the Embryo perhaps out of this the Female Birth might be afterwards delineated which they say is later brought to perfection than the Male and so the production of Twins might happen XXXII Now if the Embryo in the eighth or ninth week be no bigger than a Pea or a Tare and about the fortieth day be no bigger than a large Emet certainly their demonstrations are to be accompted very ridiculous who shewing some diminutive dry'd Abortments to be seen endeavour'd to perswade their Spectators that one is the Conception of six or eight days the other of thirteen days or a fortnight when as they are much bigger than those by me seen and describ'd and that it is altogether very probable that scarce any thing of the form'd Embryo can be discern'd by the Eye before the fortieth day Besides that it is manifest from the first form'd Embryo that the whole mass of the Male and Female Seed cannot be wasted in forming so small a Body when out of the least drop of it such a small Body may be form'd as big as a large Emet Therefore the rest of the mass which flows not out of the womb nor is wasted in forming the parts cherisâ—…es and nourishes those parts soon after and contributes to their growth But because that residue of the Seed is soon consum'd presently therefore a plentiful milkie Juice supplies its room which then begins to flow into the Amnion and that plentifully when the Umbilical Vessels are grown to their due bulk XXXIII From what has been said it is apparently manifest that the Birth is form'd not of the whole mass of the Seed but only of the most spirituous and thinnest part thereof collected first like a transparent Crystal into a diminutive Bubble as has been already said before And now what others have observed and I my self have seen in reference to this Bubble let us now in few words take notice XXXIV Riolanus Animad vers in Laurent tit de formato Foetu sets down this Observation in reference to the Crystalline Bubble Lately says he there was brought me the production of one Month like a small Hens egg so wrapt about with its Membranes of which the outermost was as it were like small flocks and very fibrous the beginning and foundation of the Placenta This Membrane being slit three little baggs were conspicuous within contiguous one to another like little Clusters of Grapes Within those Vessels was contain'd a transparent water and in one of the Bladders which was the middlemost was to be seen a little Body like an Emet and a fine slender Thread produc'd from it That little Body resembled a Birth without form and not to be distinguish'd as far as could be discern'd by the Eye most nicely beholding that Miracle of Nature But the ruddy Thread mark'd out the Navel XXXV This Passage does not a little illustrate our understanding of the Bubble But I except against one Error therein arising from a preconceived Opinion that the Embryo was forthwith nourish'd by the Navel And I believe that Riolanus was very much out as to that same Thread which he alledges to be the Navel For as it is apparent from our second preceding Relation if in that Embryo seen by my self newly broken forth from the Bubble and narrowly inspected by my own Eyes to which I give more credit than to the sayings of others and then more perfectly form'd the Navel scarcely swell'd out to the breadth of half a small Straw nor any farther cast forth any Thread how much less could the Navel thread be any farther extended from this same rude undistinguishable and scarcely begun Birth Furthermore at the beginning the parts are increas'd swifter or slower according to the more or less necessity of their use And in regard that at the beginning there is as yet no necessity of their Use in regard the Birth does not as yet want Umbilical Blood hence it comes to pass that at the beginning it is extended to a conspicuous length but afterwards by degrees grows out of the Birth as we shall make appear Cap. 32. XXXVI The same Riolanus adds another Observation of the same Nature out of Carpus's Commentaries upon Mundinus wherein Carpus observes three little Bubbles touching each other So also Platerus Quaest. Med. Quaest. 1. writes that in an Abortion about the bigness of a Filbird he found three little Bubbles within a thin Amnion and believes them to be the Foundations of the three principal Parts the Heart Brain and Liver For my part I never saw so small an Abortion about the bigness of a Filbird nor ever read of any one besides Platerus that ever saw such another Besides the Citations lately produced out of Hippocrates Aristotle and Riolanus teach us that the Opinion of Platerus cannot be true from whence it is apparent that the Birth is wholly delineated form'd and to be found in one Bubble only In the other two Riolanus found a transparent Water Carpus believes that Embryo's would have also been found in those Bubbles full of transparent Water had they stay'd longer in the womb but Female ones which are later form'd Which according to the Experiments of Hippocrates and Aristotle in some measure seems probable At least this is most certain that in and out of the transparent Liquor of one Bubble the Birth is delineated and form'd And therefore I am perswaded that three Bubbles as those learned Persons saw 'em are very rarely to be seen but that generally there is but one in the Conception unless when a Woman conceives Twins or three Children at a time to which there must be added a fourth Bubble in Women that conceive more like the Scotch-women who frequently conceive four at a time XXXVII Now I am the more confirm'd in this Opinion by an Abortion that was brought to me at the same time that I was writing and inquiring into these things by a noted Midwife in which I found not Three but only one Bubble surrounded with a thin Cobweb-like Membrane This lay hid between a plentiful Seminal Colliquation which was watery somewhat thick and viscous wrapt about with two Membranes the Chorion and the Amnion and swam at the top of it free and no where joyning to the Amnion But to those external Membranes in one very little part there stuck without side a certain small fleshie soft formless and bloody Mass about the bigness of the twelfth part of the Abortion which being somewhat endammaged in the outermost part of it seem'd to have been torn from the Womb. The Bubble
contained a transparent Water clear as Crystal wherein I could observe neither any blood nor any thing else unless it were some very small little Lines hardly discernable which were without doubt the outside Lineaments of the Embryo The Woman that thus miscarried knew not that she had conceiv'd but being struck with a suddain and more than ordinary dread cast that Matter out of her womb without any pain and little straining XXXVIII About the same time I saw another very young Conception upon the Miscarriage of a Minister's Wife wherein I found in like manner one only Bubble very transparent and Crystalline about the bigness of a Filbird wherein there appear'd no little Lines either bloody white or of any other Colour To the exteriour Membrane of that wrapt about the Colliquation there stuck also very close as in the former a little fleshie and bloody Particle endammaged without side and as it were torn from the womb From this most tender little Mass I apparently observ'd certain Blood-bearing little Vessels to derive themselves and to spread themselves very numerously thorough the Chorion But in the inner part of the Amnion besides the seminal watry Colliquation upon which the Bubble swam I could not observe any thing bloody nor any small Vessels in the Substance of it These two Membranes were easily to be separated one from the other neither was there any Liquor contained between ' em XXXIX The Magnitude of these two Abortions the foregoing and this was about the bigness of a Hen-Egg and their Membranes contained more of the Colliquation than half an Egg-shell would hold which in regard it could not altogether with the Bubble proceed from the mans Seed of necessity the womans Seed must be mixed with it tho' the Bubble without all Question sprang solely out of the mans Seed XL. Taught by these two Experiments I am apt to believe that there is but only one Bubble in the Conception generally and seldome any more unless when more Births are to be form'd But tho' hitherto I never saw any more yet I am loth to contradict the Experience of Riolanus Carpus and Platerus or to doubt of the Truth of it And perhaps it may be my Chance to see more at another time XLI In the Formation of the Birth the more curious Question yet remains which Parts of the Body are form'd in the first place which in the second which in the third and which in the last Place Aristot. l. de Invent. Writes that the Heart of Creatures endued with Blood is the first generated which he observ'd in Eggs after the Hen had sate three Days and as many Nights as he asserts l. 6. de hist. Animal Ent is of Aristotle's Opinion believing the Heart first to be form'd and to be the efficient Cause of the forming the rest of the Parts The Seed says he emitted in Copulation into the Womb by the Male constitutes only the Heart in Conception for no part of the Creature consists of Seed besides the Heart And in another place he says That the Heart moves not only after the Birth is form'd but also from the Beginning and is the efficient not the material Cause of the Formation With Ent seems Regius to agree l. 4. Philos. Natur. Others believe the Brain others the Liver others that they are all three form'd together and afterwards the Guts the Spleen and Lungs And this is the Opinion of Galen l. 4. de Usu Partium which many follow The Humour says he that smears the inner Surface of the Womb is turn'd into a Membrane wherein the forming Spirit being every way enclosed puts forth its natural Motions procreating three Points answering to the three principal Parts which being swell'd and distended by the Violence of the Heat form their Bellies the Heart the Breast the Brain the Head the Liver the Abdomen Then the other Parts are delineated and form'd together and then by degrees flows the thin Blood to their Nourishment Others with Bauhinus believe the umbilical Vessels to be first produced as being chiefly and first of all necessary in respect of Nourishment Others affirm the Bones to be first form'd as being the Basis and necessary Foundation of the whole Body And thus one judges one way another another way of a thing so obscure But who I would fain know survey'd Nature at her work that he should be able to know all these things so exactly If the Embryo in forty days be no bigger than an Emmet how small must it be upon the thirtieth Day within which time nevertheless all the Delineations are perfect tho' not discernable to our Eyes Who in that small Body shall determine which Part is formed first which in the second and which in the last Place These are Mysteries which the sublime Creator thought fit to conceal from our Understanding so that if we make any farther Inquiry into 'em Galen will reprehend us If thou inqutrest says he over nicely how these things are made thou wilt be convinced that thou understand'st neither thy own Weakness nor the Omnipotency of the Workmaster XLII In the mean time if it be lawful in a Matter so obscure to make any Conjectures I believe that all the solid Parts are delineated and form'd together because they do not mutually depend one upon another but are all the immediate Works of Nature Moreover one cannot be or act without the other A Body cannot be without a more solid Foundation which is afterwards to be Bony The Heart cannot act without Veins and Arteries nor the Brain without Nerves nor the Stomach without Guts c. For there is no reason why one Part should be form'd before another In the foresaid Bubble the Matter is contain'd which is proper for the Generation of all the Parts which wants no farther Preparation and the Architectonic Spirit may equally delineate and form at the same time all the Parts out of the same matter And wherefore should it form the Heart as Ent would have it sooner than the other Parts To prepare Matter for the Generation of the rest That 's done already Certainly it cannot be said that the Heart generates and forms other Parts when it only prepares Matter for the Nourishment and Growth of the whole from which not their Generation proceeds but their greater Perfection being generated to perform their several Offices For if the Heart at the beginning should generate other Parts why does it not produce new Parts after the Birth of the Infant when it is stronger and operates more powerfully That it prepares Nourishment for all the Parts after the Child is born is confessed by all why should it not do the same at the beginning Shall it have any other Action assigned it at this than at another time But you will say the Heart is first of all conspicuous the rest of the Bowels and all the other Parts appear later and therefore is first form'd Now who can discern in
Chorion grows thicker like Leather steep'd in Water and being very much dilated constitute these two Membranes the Chorion and the Amnion And as the outward Shell of a Hen or other Birds Egg before it be laid sticks with a little Branch to the Ovary so also in a woman these Membranes by means of a Caruncle sticking to the Chorion adhere not to the Ovary but to the Womb it self at the very beginning as appears in the Abortions describ'd c. 29. and perhaps in that very part where the Egg descends out of the Tube into the Womb and embrace the whole dissolv'd Matter together with the Crystalline Bubble collected therein and so within their Walls through the benigne Cherishing of the Uterine Heat the Architectonic Spirit latent in the Bubble is set at Liberty and roused into Action As for those slender small Vasa Sanguisera which from the beginning are seen dispersed through the Chorion as we have observed in the forecited Abortions I have observed them to be produced not from the Birth then not as yet form'd or from the Crystalline Bubble furnished as yet with no blood or blood-bearing Vessels but from that fleshy spungy and plainly rubicund Particle which at the upper part stuck to the Chorion and seem'd to be endamag'd without-side and as it were torn from the Womb so that it might appear that the Chorion stuck to the Womb by means of it which seem'd to receive those little Vessels from the Vessels of the Womb by Continuation and so send them to the Chorion X. Besides the foresaid Membranes there is in Brutes that bring forth living Conceptions a third Membrane found in form of a Bagg very thin and furnish'd with no visible Vessels This by Galen and the ancient Physicians is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a kind of Pudding like the Gut wherein Puddings use to be made For according to Suidas 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is taken for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Gut Hence the Latins call it the Farciminal or Pudding Membrane and sometimes the Intestinal or Gut Membrane tho' it does not in all Creatures retain the shape of a Pudding or Gut but in many resembles a broad Swath XI It is a most thin Membrane smooth hollow soft and yet thick without any Vessels conspicuous to the Eye by no means enfolding the whole Birth extended to the utmost extremity from one Horn of the Womb to the other waxing slender at the extream Parts that enter the Horns of the Womb till it end in a Point XII It rises with a narrow Beginning where the Urachus or Passage of the Urine continuous to it opens into its Hollowness and presently dilates it self XIII It is seated between the Chorion and the Amnion from which it may be easily separated XIV It s Use is to collect the Urine of the Embryo flowing out of the Bladder through the Urachus and to preserve it till the time of Delivery From which use of it Needham calls it in all Creatures which have a Placenta the Urinary Membrane XV. Its Bigness and Figure varies according to the Difference of Creatures For in some it resembles a Gut in shape and bigness in others a broad Swath and is much larger as in a Cow much more in a Mare in which Creature it is every way fastened to the Chorion and enfolds the whole Birth together with the Amnion But as for its bigness and shape in Sows Coneys Doggs and some other Creatures Gualter Needham exactly describes upon View l. de format Foet And in the same place adds the whole discourse concerning it and the manner of finding it out in Brutes XVI Now seeing that Urine abounds in the Conceptions of all Creatures that bring forth living Births while they remain in the Womb and that there is a necessity for the same to be discharged out of the Womb and reserv'd somewhere till the time of Delivery the Question is whether this Membrane Alantois be in all Creatures especially in Women Aquapendens says that Women Cats and Bitches are destitute of this Membrane as also are all other Creatures that have Teeth in both Jaws And that the Urine of their Conceptions is collected in no peculiar Vessel but flows out of the Urachus between the Chorion and the Amnion and is there reserv'd till the time of Delivery But our modern more quicksighted Anatomists have found it now in many of those Creatures who were deny'd it before Yet do these very much question whether it be in Women Harvey who overlook'd it in Brutes denies any such thing in Women On the other side Highmore not only allows it to Brutes but admits it in Women and assigns it in them the same Use which it is vulgarly said to have in Brutes That is to receive the Urine of the Embryo through the Urachus and reserve it till the time of Delivery And agreeing with Vesalius says it is easy to be found if in a bigg-bellied Woman the Dissection should be begun from the Placenta otherwise by reason of its extream Slenderness it is easy to be broken But here Needham well observes that Vesalius at the time that he wrote had never dissected any woman with Child as he confesses himself in the same place and therefore made a Judgment of women by what he observ'd in doggs And describ'd a human Embryo wrap'd in the Secundines of a Whelp But afterwards when he had dissected a woman with Child he changed his Opinion and number'd but two Membranes in a woman that is to say the Amnion and Alantois reaching the Chorion not under the name of a Membrane but of the whole Conception In this Obscurity the Quicksighted Needham gave us great Light who describes not any Farciminal or Pudding-like Membrane such as the Alantois in many beasts but a bagg quite of another Fashion wherein the Urine of the Conception is collected and reserved till the time of Delivery The Secundines says he being received by the Midwife let 'em be laid in their proper Posture as well as may be Then taking a small Packthread follow it as far as the Amnion This is fastened to the Packthread a little below the Placenta the rest hangs free If the Amnion be fresh you shall find the little Veins of it otherwise they vanisht the Blood being run out and the Membrane cold This being left about the Packthread go to the next Membrane which if you prick withoutside about the Placenta or tear the extream Edges with your Fingers you shall find to be easily divided into two of which the outermost is porous and spungy and full of little Veins the innermost very slippery and extreamly transparent but void of Veins and Arteries That I take for the Chorion this for the Urinary Tunicle It cannot be call'd a folding or facing of the former because of the dissimilitude of the Substance but whether we look upon the Situation Figure or Substance
of it it is the same with the Urinary Membrane of all Placenta breeding Animals But it is not shap'd like the Alantois neither is there any Membrane of that Figure in a Woman From which words it is apparent that there is no such Alantois allow'd to women as in beasts But this also appears over and above that Needham rightly and truly asserted the inner thiâ—… Membrane next adhering to the Chorion to supply the place of the Alantois in women and that the Urine flow'd out of the bladder of the birth through the Urachus between that and the Chorion where it is reserved till the time of Delivery And this Invention of Gualter Needham's Nicolas Hoboken found out confirm'd and describ'd in most Secundines lib de Secund. Human. XVII Within the Amnion besides the Embryo is contained certain milkie Liquor in great Quantity very like to watery Milk somewhat oylie which Harvey calls the Colliquamentum or dissolv'd Matter in which the Embryo swims and which sticks to it when first born all over the Body and is usually washed off by the Midwife with warm Water or Wine and Butter XVIII But here I think it necessary to distinguish between that Liquor wherein the Embryo at its first Delineation swims and that wherein it swims afterward For the first is the seminal Residue of the Mans and Womans Seed and is well and truly call'd the dissolv'd Matter But the latter is that which when the former is consum'd and the Navel being now brought to the Uterine Liver flows through the Umbilical Vessels and is a Juice meerly milkie but watery not to be call'd by the Name of Colliquamentum Here by the way we may take notice of the Error of Fabricius and some others who thought that same unctuous Uncleanness sticking to the body of the Child new born to be an Excrement of the third Concoction made in the whole habit As also of that Mistake of Claudius de la Courvee who lib. de nutrit foet writes that it is nothing else than an Excrement falling from the Brain through the Mouth and Nostrils But it was nothing but the Ignorance of the Nature and Use of the milkie Liquor contained in the Amnion that produc'd these Errors XIX Concerning the Liquor in the Amnion there are two different Opinions of the Physicians While some think it to be the Urine others the Sweat of the Conception But neither of the two have hit the Mark. XX. That it is not Urine appears by this for that this Liquor is found in the Birth new form'd in great abundance whereas so small an Embryo never discharges any Urine Nay for that it is found in the Amnios before the birth is form'd whereas there can nothing of Urine flow from the Crystalline Bubble XXI That it is not sweat is hence apparent that before the Birth is form'd and perfected or else from the beginning of the Formation of the Birth it is impossible that Sweat so unctuous and thick and in so great abundance should flow from so small an Embryo which exceeds in quantity ten times or more the little Body of the Embryo Moreover if this Liquor were an Excrement whether Urine or Sweat or any thing else it would encrease as the Birth grows But ocular Inspection teaches us the contrary For in Sheep it so manifestly abates by degrees as the Birth enlarges that a little before the Lamb is yean'd there is hardly any remaining tho' it abounded at the beginning Lastly Sweat and Urine are acrimonious Excrements wherein if the tender Embryo covered with an extraordinary thin and soft Skin should swim for nine or ten Months together it would be much injured by that Acrimony As we find the Skin of new born Iâ—…fants to be many times very much corroded by the Sharpness of the Urine tho' their Skin be much harder and firmer than the Skin of the Birth in the Womb. XXII Riolanus Anthropog l. 6. c. 7. acknowledges this Liquor to be the Sweat of the Birth but c. 8. he says it is the Steam of the arterious Blood fuming from the Heart and so turn'd into that Water that surrounds the Birth Which if it were true that Liquor ought to be at the beginning whereas there is none or very little blood as yet neither can be any or very little but is more and more increased as the birth enlarges Whereas on the contrary it abounds very much at the beginning and from that time forward abates by degrees And how little is to be found in Sheep after yeaning has been said already XXIII Therefore this Liquor contain'd in the Amnios is no Excrement but an Alimentary Humour and nourishes with its Matter out of which at the Beginning is taken the Nourishment of all and singular the Parts of the Embryo And hence follows their Encrease For it is the next Nourishment wherewith the Birth is nourished at first For therein it is found to swim before the Uterine Liver manifestly appears from which at length being enlarged the Umbilical blood-bearing Vessels manifestly suck forth blood with which alone if the birth were to be nourished it would for some time at the beginning want all manner of Nourishment neither would there be any Alimentary Matter to supply the first Growth of the Parts But hence also it appears to be a nutritious Humour and to be taken in at the Mouth by the Birth for that in Colour Tast and Consistency it differs little or nothing from that Liquor which is found in the Stomach of the Birth XXIV In the first forming of the Birth this Liquor is nothing else but the Seed of the Woman like the white of an Egg inclosed in the Egg mix'd with the Residue of the Mans Seed being dissolv'd Afterwards when the umbilical Vessels are grown to their just length and entered the Uterine Liver then is the milkie Juice carried thither through the milkie Umbilical Vessels from the milk-bearing Cells of the Womb whose whitish Colour sweetish Tast and likeness of Substance little differ from the Chylous Liquor somewhat mix'd with the Lympha and which is found in the Pectoral Chylifer Channel and its Receptacle Whence it is altogether probable that it is the purer part of the Chylus somewhat watery by its Mixture with the Lympha carried from the Mother to the Hollowness of the Amnios through the Passages mentioned in the foregoing Chapter nay it is pleasing to the Tast like watery Milk for which we do not take so much the Judgment of our own Tast but Harvey's Proof from this that almost all brute Creatures that bring forth living Conceptions lick it up from their young ones newly brought forth and swallow it whereas they never touch the Excrements of the Birth Wharton writes that it is a Liquor poured forth from the Nerves within the Amnion perchance because that being deceived by the white Colour he took the milky Vessels to be Nerves Needham thinks that it
any other Symptoms of Life At length when he was just ready to be carry'd to the Grave he came to himself upon the Bier and liv'd many years afterward 4. In the Year 1638. a certain Woman at the upper end of Nimeghen-City fell into the River where at that time rode the greatest part of our Navy and carry'd away by the swiftness of the Tide passed through the whole Fleet under Water and within a quarter of an hour after when no body thought but that she had been dead rose again at the lower end of the Fleet and was taken up alive and safe by the Sea-men 5. In the Year 1642. a Citizen of Nimeghen's Wife sitting at the Brink of a Well fell in backward with her Head downward and her Feet only above Water in which condition she was above half an hour for want of due Help but at length being drawn out of the Well and laid in her Bed for dead after she had lain for two hours without any Signs of Respiration or Symptoms of Life she came by degrees to her self and the next day coming to me committed her self to my Care and by Administration of due Remedies was restored to her former Health To these Testimonies of my own lest they may not seem sufficient I will add three more out of other Authors which are of great moment 6. The First is a Story out of Platerus of a Woman who being condemn'd for killing her Child was thrown into the Rhine bound hand and foot who after she had continu'd under Water above half an hour was at length drawn out again with Ropes and breathing a little at first came to Life again and being perfectly recover'd was marry'd and had several Children To which Platerus adds two Stories more of the same Nature 7. The Second is a Story reported by Iohn Mattheus from an Inscription upon a Stone in the Church of the Holy Apostles at Cologne where it is related how that certain infamous Persons open'd the Grave at Midnight of a certain Woman that was buried the Night before for the lucre of her Rings and Bracelets which she carry'd with her to her Tomb but when thâ—…y came to lay hands upon her she came to her self and revived thereupon the Robbers in a Terror fled Upon which the Woman making use of the Lanthorn which the Thieves had lest behind went home Now no question this Woman was not dead but lying without Respiration was taken for dead 8. A Third remarkable and sad Example of a Woman that was buried for dead and afterwards reviving again is related by Diâ—…med Cornarius and Matthew Hessus and by us from them recited l. 1. at the end of the 25th Chapter And several other Stories of this Nature are to be found in Levinus Lemnius Hildan Iames Crastius and several others XLIII Which are suffiâ—…ient to convince us that a man may live sometimes for some time without Respiration There remains only to give an Account of the Reason of it Galen by many strong Arguments drawn from Experience and Sence tells us That the Heat of the Heart is the Cause of the necessity of Respiration For so long as the Heart by its Heat attenuates the Blood and sends it dilated out of the Right Ventricle of the Heart into the Lungs there is a necessity for that Refrigeration which is occasion'd by Respiration that the hot attenuated Blood may be again condens'd and so fall into the Left Ventricle Which Reâ—…rigeration being deny'd the Vessels of the Lungs are presently fill'd with vaporous Blood and the Bladdery Substance with a serous Vapour neither can any thing descend to the Left Ventricle so that a man is presently choak'd Now from this Foundation there follows another that is to say as often as the Heart is overmuch cool'd or the Heat and Motion of it is so oppress'd by Morbific Causes that it begets no Effervescency oâ—… Dilatation of the Blood flowing in then also there is no need of any Refrigeration for the cause of the Necessity being taken away the Necessity it self is taken away and so long a man may live without Respiration Now in all the aforesaid Stories and Accidents even by the cold Water alone the whole Body and the Lungs are so refrigerated that that same Refrigeration is sufficient to condense and cool the Blood which is forc'd out of the Heart into the Lungs or else the Heart is so refrigerated and contracted by the extraordinary Fear and Cold together that it ceases almost to beat and so a Fit comes as seem'd to happen to those Women in the Fourth Fifth and Sixth Story Or else the Heat of it is so oppress'd by Malignant Vapors and Humors that it absolutely gives over dilating the Blood and driving it forth by Pulsation Now the sending forth of Blood to the Lungs beating there is no need of Respiration so that a man may want it and yet live he not continuing long in that Condition that is till the innate Heat be quite extinguish'd But then a man lives without Sence or Motion like Flies Frogs Lizards and other Beasts in the Winter which lie for dead without Respiration because the Heat of the Heart is oppress'd and as it were extinguish'd and wants no Refrigeration Which being so what shall we say to Galen's Words cited in the beginning of this Question who says 't is impossible for a living man to breath But Galen himself foreseeing this Difficulty flies to Transpiration which is made through the Pores of the whole Body and supposes that to be the lowest and meanest sort of Respiration or rather its Deputy which in such Accidents he believes to be sufficient to support Life But this Subterfuge will not serve the Turn For when the Heart and Humors are not stirr'd then the whole Body is presently refrigerated and neither is the hot Vapour expell'd nor the cold Air admitted to the Heart And therefore we must rather conclude that the first Opinion of Galen is true of the common manner of living but not of such rarely happening Accidents as those before mention'd where Things fall out quite otherwise CHAP. XIV Of the Trachea or Rough Artery See Table 11. I. THE TRACHEA or Rough Artery by some call'd the PIPE or CANE of the Lungs is a Channel which descends from the Iaws to the Lungs and enters them with several Branches through which the inspir'd Air is suckt in and the same Air expir'd is breath'd out again with the Serous Vapours and Steams for the Refrigeration and Ventilation of the Vital Blood and the Production of the Voice and Sounds II. It is seated in the fore-part of the Neck resting upon the Oesophagus and so descending from the Mouth to the Lungs III. About the Fourth Vertebra of the Breast it is divided into Two Branches each of which enter the Lobe of the Lungs of their own side These are again subdivided into two Branches and those also into others till
at length they end in small Branches dispers'd among the Roots of the Pulmonary Artery and Vein and continuous with the Vesicles of the Lungs and opening into the same Which Branches so long as they continue pretty big are call'd Bronchia IV. The Bulk of the Artery differs according to the Variety of Sex Age and Temperament V. The Fore-part of it is of a Cartilaginous Substance that it should not close but remain open always for the free passage to and again of the Air and Spirits The Hinder-part is Membranous lest the Dilatation of the Oesophagus should be hindred by the leaning of a harder Body upon it VI. The Gristly part is not continuous but compacted as it were of several Rings of which the uppermost are the biggest These Rings are equidistant one from another and behind where they rest upon the Gullet are depriv'd of the lower part of their Circumference while a Membranous Substance supplies the Defect The rest entring the Parenchyma of the Lungs remain whole and cease to be semilunary as in the upper part but variously form'd some round some square some triangular and the deeper they enter the Parenchyma the more Membranous and less hard like Arteries and continuous they are to the Vessels of the Lungs But all the aforesaid greater Rings are exactly joyn'd one to another by Fleshy Ligaments the lesser are joyn'd together only with Membranes 7. This Rough Artery is cover'd with a double Membrane one external which is very thin proceeding from the Pleura and firmly fast'nd with Ligaments of Muscles The other internal more contracted and thicker and continuous to the Palate exquisitely feeling for the distinguishing of all Annoyances This is besmear'd with a fat slimy Humor to prevent drying and to sweeten the Voyce which Humor being wasted by sharp Catarrhs the Voyce grows hoarse but being dry'd up by extraordinary Heat as in Fevers becomes shrill and acute It has double Arteries some from the Carotides others from the Bronchial Artery which accompany all its Ramifications It sends forth Veins to the External Jugularies It borrows Nerves from the Turning-back Nerves of the Sixth Pair chiefly dispersed through the inner Membrane to which they contribute a most exact Sense of Feeling Which Lindan not considering will not allow it any Nerves at all The Rough Artery is again divided into the Bronchus and Larynx The Bronchus is the lower and longer Part display'd with several Branches into both parts of the Lungs The Larynx is the upper Part of which we are to treat in the next Chapter CHAP. XV. Of the Larynx and Voyce THE Head of the Rough Artery or the Beginning continuous to the Mouth is call'd the Larynx from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to call with a wide Throat and is the Organ of Speech and fram'd of several Gristles and Muscles for the forming and expressing of Words I. The Figure of it is Circular extuberant before and somewhat depress'd behind to give way to the Gullet in swallowing II. It receives Arteries from the Carotides which convey the Blood and send that which remains after Nourishment through the little Veins to the external Iugulars And the animal Spirits are brought by the Turn-again Nerves of the sixt Pair III. The Bulk of it varies according to the Age Sex or Temper of the Person and hence also the Variety of Sounds in Voyces which in young People and those that are of a dry Temper is shrill by reason of the narrowness of the Larynx in those of riper years by reason of its wideness is deeper Which Variety may also happen from the length or shortness of the Larynx also a strong or weak expulsion of the Air or plenty or want of it in respect of which the Voyce is sometimes shriller or deeper IV. Besides the Membranes mention'd in the former Chapter the Larynx is compounded of five Gristles and thirteen Muscles V. Columbus chuses rather to place the Gristles among the Bones as approaching nearer to a Boney than Gristly Substance and which sometimes in Old Men turn'd to absolute Bone and more he affirms that they contain a Marrowy Substance like Bones But he would have much ado to make out that Marrowy Substance Moreover although it turn to Bone in Old Men yet they are not therefore to be numbred among Bones for they may be at first for a long time Gristles and yet afterwards turn to be Bones as we have sometimes observ'd the Gristles between the Vertebers of the Ribs and the Spine have turn'd Boney which before that Alteration no man could have said were Bones VI. The first of these Gristles is call'd Scutiformis because of its Resemblance to a Buckler being almost foursquare like the Bucklers of the Ancients or rather like an Iron-Breastplate Gibbous without which Gibbosity because it is more conspicuous in men than in Women therefore in Men it is call'd Adam's Apple because it is vulgarly believ'd that part of that Fatal Apple stuck in Adam's Throat for a punishment of his Transgression and that for that Reason this Gristle grew Bunching out and the Protuberation became hereditary to his Posterity But because it is distinguish'd in the Middle by a certain Line therefore some have describ'd it as double whereas it was never found to be double in this World or if ever any Body did live to see it so it was a Wonder and no common Accident In its Angles it has Processes above two longer by which it is joyn'd to the lower Sides of the Bone Hyoides by the help of a Ligament and two shorter below by which it adheres to the lower Muscle Fallopius writes that he has met with the Thyroides Gristle Boney not only in decrepit People but in such as have been but newly entring into Old Age. Moreover he adds That when the Thyroides began to grow long it hardned first in the Sides VI. The Second is call'd Anuulary because it is round in form of a Ring and encompasses the whole Larynx VII The Third and Fourth is call'd the Guttal because the Processes being joyn'd together resemble that part of an Earthen Pitcher out of which the Water flows when we poure it forth Fallopius writes that he never found the Guttal Gristle Boney which Riolanus affirms he has seen VIII The Fifth Epiglottis seated at the Root of the Tongue and is the Covering of the little Chink or Glottis lest the Meat and Drink should slip into the Aspera Arteria in swallowing though it be not so exactly joyn'd but that some Moisture may slide in between the Junctures into the Trachea This is softer than the rest of the Muscles resembling an Ivy-Leaf or the Tongue it self and therefore is call'd Lingula Nicolaus Stenonis observes a certain piece of Flesh compos'd of Glandulous Berries in the upper part of a Calves Epiglottis from which he says there are conspicuous Passages to be seen through the
the Fibers ascend from the Pith into the Brain with the same priviledge I may say that they descend from the Brain into the Pith neither is it any argument against me that the brain is not sufficiently harden'd at the beginning for that then neither is the Pith sufficiently coagulated but appears like a moist Slime Besides the perception of the Senses proceeds from the brain as being the beginning of all the nervous Fibers and not in the Pith for it is not the wound of the pith but the wound of the brain that hinders and obstructs the Perception Nor does the Argument brought from a Chicken prove any thing to the contrary For if at the first formation of the Chicken the Film contract it self upon the pricking of the Needle that is rather a sign that then the brain which is the beginning of all sensation and without which no sensation can be was no less form'd than the Pith. XVII The Shape of the Pith is various nor is it the same in all Creatures nevertheless in Men it is oblong and almost round Vesalius Laurentius Picolhomini and Spigelius assert that it is larger and thicker at the beginning and thinner toward the end and so describes it in his Table affix'd Which is deservedly found fault with by Fallopius who excellently well observes that about the lower Vertebers of the Neck and the first of the Thorax where the great Nerves extend themselves to the Arms as also in the Loâ—…ns where large Nerves run out to the Thighs it is fuller and thicker than in the upper middle or lower parts but that in all the rest of the parts it is every where for the most part of an equal thickness unless it be the end that lies hid in the Os Sacrum XVIII From the seventh Verteher of the Breast to the lower parts it is separated as it were into several small strings being the Productions of the Nerves in the pith of a newly deceas'd Body dippâ—…d in Water and stirr'd about therein so conspicuous so that toward the end that same vast quantity of little Strings seems in some manner to represent the Figure of a Horses Tayl. Which Riolanus who did not understand that the whole constitution of the Pith was fibrous asserts to have been so created by God lest the Pith of the Back being soft and juicy as it is observ'd in the Neck and Back should be bruis'd and broken by thâ—… continual moâ—…ion of the Loins The said divarication of the Pith toward the end into small Ropes or Strings the learned Tulpius questions For says he near the Os Sacrum we have examin'd very diligently but never could find those hairy strings which Andrew Laurentius describes in his Tables tho' otherwise a most credible Writer We met indeed in that place with Nerves more loose than in other places but yet compact and so closely united that no hot Water would separate their twisted Body as that other asserts unless he meant by Strings those Nerves into which the extream part of this Spinal Marrow is evidently distracted But ocular view opposes and resolves this Doubt by which it manifestly appears that the lower part of the Pith especially that which is contain'd in the Loins and Os Sacrum being beaten and stiâ—…r'd in the Water will separate into several strings Now the Reason why Tulpius did not observe that dissolution might be because he let the Pith lie in the Water but never stirr'd and shook it sufficiently XIX The Pith within the Skull has a Hollowness like a Pen shap'd for writing constituting the lower part of the fourth Ventricle and so far to the midst of its thickness it is manifestly divided into the Right and Left part in the same manner as the Brain is divided in the upper part And hence the Palsie sometimes in the Right sometimes in the Left side But this Division in the outside of the Cranâ—…um in the Cavity of the Spine is not conspicuous to the Eyes because of the exterior Tunicle or hard Meninx which enfolds it round about for which Reason the whole Pith being view'd without seems round and simple without any division to the end of the Os Sacrum though if that Tunicle be taken away there is in reality such a division found by the intervening thin Film and may be shew'd by neat and curious Dissection and not only by Dissection but by the blowing in of Wind the same division may be discover'd Thus Bartholine after a tedious Examination by putting a Pipe into the Hollowness â—…bove the separation easily brought the Wind to the extream parts so that the whole Body of the Pith where the Division ran along seem'd to be rais'd up But this Division descends no farther than about half way of the Substance Nor is there any other manifest Discovery to be found in any part of the Pith. XX. It is lapt about with two Membranes of which the first that enfolds it immediately arises from the Pia Mater which being sprinkl'd with innumerable small Arteries entring the Substance of the Pith washes and nourishes it with Vital Blood the remaining part of which Blood intermix'd with little Arteries suck up and convey back to the heart The other Membrane sticking to the first by the means of small tender Fibers proceeds from the thick Meninx Gerard Blasius observes a third between these two which as resembling a Spider's Web he calls the Arachnoides and alledges that it sticks to the thin Meninx and may be easily separated from it either with a Bodkin or by blowing About these Tunicles is wrapt a strong and nervous Membrane by a strong Ligament that binds the fore-parts of the Vertebers which perserves the Pith of the Spine from damage in the bending and extension of the Back Over this a thick and viscous Humor spreads it self to moisten and smooth it that it may be more easie to prevent pain in motion upon its being over-dry With which Humor all the Joynts are moisten'd for their more easie Motion Lindan and Blasius erroneously number this Membrane with the containing parts of the Pith in regard it rather serves to bind the Vertebers withinside than to enfold the Pith. Besides the foremention'd Coverings the Pith is also included within a Bony Sheath for its better preservation the upper part of which is cover'd with the Skull CHAP. VIII Of the Mamillary Processes the Pituary Kernel the Funnel the wonderful Net and the Nerves proceeding from the Pith within the Skull See Table 12 and 13. HAving gone thus far in Demonstration the Brain is to be rais'd up in the fore-part that the Parts which lie underneath may be more easily seen I. Among the Parts that lie hid under the Bulk of the Brain the first that occur to the Eye are the Mamillary or Papillary Processes so call'd from their Figure which is round at the end like a Teat These were not reckon'd by the Ancients among the Nerves by reason of
of it here they soften there they harden As to the Motion of the Animal Spirits through the Nerves see the foregoing Chapter XIV To these Animal Spirits hitherto no other Use was attributed only that they are serviceable to the Animal Actions that is to say the principal Faculties the Senses and the Animal Motions which is not to be deny'd but besides this there seems to be another natural Use to be assign'd them which is that they conduce in a high measure to the nourishment of the Parts especially the spermatical This is chiefly apparent from hence because that as the blood continually flows out of the Heart thro' the Arteries so likewise these Animal Spirits continually flow from the Brain through the Nerves to the Parts and that naturally without the determination or appointment of the Soul even when the Mind makes no appointment at all as in Sleep and in soporiferous Diseases But altho' besides this natural Motion perpetually proceeding they are frequently mov'd by another determinated Motion proceeding from the Mind yet that detracts nothing from the continual natural Motion but that these Spirits by virtue of that may be serviceable to the Action of Nutrition as they are thereby serviceable to the Animal Actions For the blood when the Body is at rest is forc'd out of the Heart through the Arteries by a setled continual Motion to the nourishment of the Parts shall it therefore when by reason of any extraordinary Exercises or heating of the Body it is ten times swifter and more rapidly mov'd and forc'd out be no longer proper for the nourishment of the Parts Certainly no man of Reason will say that that same second rapid Motion despoyls the blood of its nutritive Quality And so likewise the more rapid determinative motion of the Spirits often altering the first continual Motion cannot be said to deprive them of their Quality necessary to the Assistance of Nutrition XV. But some will say How can the Work of Nutrition equally proceed in the Parts when sometimes more sometimes fewer Animal Spirits flow into these or those Parts For it seems that those into which fewer Spirits flow should be less those into which more Spirits pass should be more nourish'd I answer that the same thing befalls these Spirits as befalls the blood which though it be more rapidly and in greater quantity thrust forward into the Parts upon extraordinary Exercises and Heats of the Body yet does it not nourish them ever a jot the more push'd on by its ordinary continual Motion in regard that rapid Motion of it is caus'd by the great Heat by Motion and Heat the blood becomes more thin and subtil and the Pores of the Parts more loose so that the blood may not be able to stick so close to the Parts but that a great quantity of it may be dissipated So also these Spirits when they are frequently determin'd in greater quantity to these or those parts endue them indeed with a firmer solidity but no larger augmentation because the chiefest part of them by reason of their tenuity is dissipated and what is not serviceable for nourishment or is not dissipated that being pour'd forth according to custom into the Substance of the Parts and being somewhat thickned enters the extremity of the Veins together with the remainder of the Blood and is mixt and circulated together with it and carry'd to the heart Of which Circulation Rolfincius and Deusingius take notice XVI Now we are to take notice what these Spirits afford or contribute to Nourishment It has been said l. 2. c. 12. that the blood consists of a sulphury salt and serous Juice and that it is forc'd forward every way for the nourishment of the Parts Therefore in its Mass there are two sorts of Substances serving to the nourishment of the Parts Sulphur and Salt Mercury is a third for the most part unprofitable indeed for nourishment but altogether necessary for the conjunction mixture and as a Vehicle of the former But of the two former some serve for the nourishment of the fleshy and fat parts others to the nourishment of the Spermatic parts The fleshy and fat parts are chiefly nourish'd by the sulphury particles of the blood which serve to endue them with an Oily softness and something of sweetness Nevertheless there are some salt particles to render the parts more firm and solid But when that in those parts the sulphury particles predominate above the salt then are they softer and fatter where less prevalent more fleshy and firm The Spermatic parts are nourish'd by the salt particles of the blood which render them more solid and hard yet have some sulphury particles mix'd with them according to whose lesser or greater proportion and dissolution some parts are softer as the Membranes Veins and Arteries others harder as the Bones and Gristles XVII But to the end this nourishment may be carry'd on without any ob struction there is of necessity requir'd some kind of separation of the salt particles from the sulphury that the one may the better be enabled to adhere to the Spermatic the other to the Fleshy and Fat Particles and be assimilated to them This Separation is caus'd by the Animal Spirit which by its influx which as it were coagulating by a slight kind of effervescency and peculiar 〈◊〉 the salt particles separates them from the sulphury to the end they may be affix'd to the spermatic parts and by the means of the heat and a small sulphureous Vapor be assimilated to them and as the spermatic parts are more or less dry or moist and more or less of the sulphury particles are mix'd with them so the salter particles of the blood are more or less harden'd in them Thus they become altogether dry and hard in the Bones but softer in the Membranes and Fibers c. These salter particles being thus moderately separated out of the remaining more sulphury Mass of the blood that which is proper goes to the nourishment of the fleshy and fat parts So that the Animal Spirits supply the place of a subacid Rennet or Coagulum which is extracted out of Salt and salt things For that such a sowr Ferment or Coagulum causes the separation of salt and sulphury particles is most evidently apparent in Chymistry For if you mingle Spirit of Wine wherein there is ten times a greater proportion of sulphury than salt particles with Spirit or Water of Tartar which consists of Salt Tartarous particles thinly dissolv'd and melted the Mixture will be exact into which Mixture if you pour in never so little Spirit of acid Salt or Vitriol there will be presently an Effervescency by which the salt particles will be separated from the sulphury and watery and being coagulated they will fix and precipitate to the bottom Thus also by the mixture of Animal Spirits which are endu'd with a gentle subacidish quality the salt particles of the blood flowing into the parts are in a
any thing which is also perceiv'd by the last I answer'd that insippidness is not any thing positive which moves the Taste being nothing else but a privation of the Salt and consequently of the Savor and it is vulgarly said to be perceiv'd by the Taste as Silence is said to be heard or darkness to be seen when there is no light to peirce the Eye LII But the Savor which proceeds from Salt is communicated to the fleshy Teats by the means of Humids For whatsoever things are dry unless they deposite their salt Asperities in something Humid loose their savor This Humid is either the Soporiserous Bodies themselves Wine Honey juices of Herbs and Flowers c. Or Water Ptisans Broth Spittle or any other Liquor wherein dry things being bruis'd dissolv'd boyl'd or macerated dissolve and discharge themselves of Savory Salt which then by means of that Humid may be imprinted into the little fleshy Teats of the Tongue and perceiv'd by the Taste LIII When things Tastable are put into the Mouth and mov'd therein upon the Tongue then their salt Asperities being prest into the humid through the Pores of the Tongue fall into the little fleshy Teats and alter after a Specific manner so or so according to the variety of the figures of the salt particles and so the several sorts of Savor come to be produc'd the Idea of which being carry'd to the common Sensory through the little Fibers of the Nerves of the Fourth Pair inserted into the Tongue and commâ—…icated to the Mind Thus if the Particles of the Salt are long hard pricking or câ—…tting and fall into the round Pores of the Tongue then by reason of the disparity of the Figures of the Pores and the Salt difficultly getting in they cause a pricking trouble as in acid bitter and sharp things But if the Particles of the Salt are soft flexible or round then they easily enter the Pores of the little fleshy Teats and of the Tongue and delighting the Tongue cause a grateful relish as in Sugar Honey c. In the same sence Lucretius says that the little Atoms of sweet things are smooth and round of bitter and acid things poynted and forked LIV. The Agitation or stirring of the Mouth is requisite to the end the Savor may the better be perceiv'd though Liquids require a less motion dry things more vehement and a longer Agitation For in the Liquids the savory Salt already dissolv'd glides more suddainly through the Membrane covering the Tongue into the nervous Teats But in dry things the salt Particles adhering to the thicker substance require longer time for this dissolution and mixture with the Spittle before they can be felt Besides that by the same stirring the Pores of the Membrane of the Tongue are open'd and dilated by which means the said salt Particles now adhering to the Liquor are forc'd upon them by a kind of violence For without stirring the Mouth the Savor is not so perceptible in liquids as in dry things For if Salt Sugar or Ashes be put upon the Tongue continuing motionless the the Taste will not be so quick but upon stirring the Tongue the Taste is presently perceiv'd and the difference proceeding from the diversity of the figures of the Salt is judg'd of by the Mind LV. Yet the various figure of the Salt alone is not always the Reason of the different sorts of Tastes seeing that sometimes the different Constitution of the Organ conduces much to it For the Pores of it in all men are not always of the same Figure but those which are round in some shall be oblong in others or quadrangular which will admit the smooth round Particles with some difficulty but the long and pointed without any trouble Which is the reason that sweet things are not grateful to all nor bitter things nauseous to others LVI But notwithstanding all that has been said we must understand that the Imagination contributes very much to the gratefulness or dispeasing Relish of the Taste In regard that some imagin more pleasure from Tastes that please their fancy by pleasing the Organs of Taste others from such things as strike the Organs of Taste with a kind of sharpness Thus we see many People delighted with the Taste of Wormwood-wine Vinegar salted Herrings though they cause some trouble in the Organs of Taste others abhor sweet things not but they that perceive the Tastes such as they are sweet or bitter c. but because a moderate sharpness pleases their fancy more than the pleasantness of sweet things Concerning Speech and Voice so which the Tongue also mainly contributes See l. 2. cap. 15. THE FOURTH BOOK OF ANATOMY Concering the JOYNTS CHAP. I. Of the HAND THE Limbs by the Greeks call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are Members growing to the Bellys and distinguish'd with Joynts These are twofold the upermost commonly call'd Manus the Hands in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the lowermost Pedes or the feet in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I. Between these Limbs there is requir'd a convenient Proportion in Men well shap'd that is that there should be almost the same Proportion from the Share-bone to the extremity of the Heel as from the Arm-hole to the top of the middle Finger I say almost for that for the most part the Thighs are somewhat longer than the Arms. And the length of the Thighs ought to be the length of the Trunk measuring from the Share-boâ—…e to the top of the Forehead Here Spigelius observes that they who have long Feet are most commonly loose in their Body and therefore strong Purgations are never to be given to such Persons II. The hands were given to Man for grasping that being a naked and unarm'd Creature by the assistance of his Reason he might be able by the help of these Instruments to provide himself not only with one sort of Weapons Garments and Habitations but with infinite numbers and by that means subdue all manner of Beasts though never so fierce and untam'd Moreover to the end so divine a Creature might be enabl'd to commit to writing the Laws of God the Histories and Transactions of worthy Hero's the Miracles of God and Wonders of Nature to paint forth the Ornaments of Heaven and Earth the Delineations of Arts and Sciences and other Monuments of his Divinity therefore two Hands were given him that if the one fail'd the other might be serviceable to him III. Now the Hand is an Organic Part extending from the uper part of the Shoulders to the Extremities of the Fingers IV. It is divided into the Arm and extream Hand The Arm Brachium in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is divided into the Arm strictly so taken and the Elbow The one reaching from the top of the Shoulder to the bending of the Elbow the other from the bâ—…nding of the Elbow to the Wrist V. The hollow under the Ioynt of the Shoulder is call'd
it enters the upper Jaw and affords a little Branch to every Tooth through which when sharp Humors descend they cause the Tooth-ach with the remaining Part ascending the Skull toward the bottom of it it is divided into two Branches of an unequal bigness One of these which is the lesser and the hindermost affords a little Branch to the inner Muscle of the Neck and having sent another through the Hole of the upper Verteber into the hard Meninx involving the Pith of the Spine ascending farther it enters the Cranium through the Hole in the Vagous Nerve and creeps through the hard Meninx and about the Hollow of the thick Meninx into which it seems to open it self with slender little Branches the end of it vanishes IV. The other which is bigger and almost equal to the Trunk tending upward through the bony Channel in the Wedg like-bone near the Fore-side of the auditory Passage is carried with a winding Course to the Mares Saddle At the bottom of which after it has sent a Branch on both sides into the side of the thick Meninx expands it self into several minute Tendons which inserted into the little Branches of the Cervical Artery form the Wonderful Net conspicuous in Calves Cows and Sheep but more obscure in Men unless upon the Dissection of a Body but newly deceased V. Nevertheless the said Branch does not terminate in those Tendrils but making way through the hard Meninx enters the thin Meninx with two remarkable Branches which intermix infinite little Strings with the little Branches of the Cervical Artery fastned to the Marrow and also without the Skull accompany the Spinal Pith to the Loyns This done it sends another lesser Branch through the second Hole of the Wedg-like-bone together with the Optic Nerve without side the Skull to the Eye Also it stretches out another Branch through a torn Hole not far from the Infundibilum which is â—…lit into two Stocks at the side of the Spittle Kernel the innermost of which being united with the inner Artery of the opposite side and shivered into diminutive Arteries is scattered all over a thin Membrane at the beginning of the Optic Nerves and partly with innumerable visible Tendrils passes through the Bulk of the Brain partly discharges the Spirituous Blood through the gaping Orifices into the Pores of the Substance of the Brain The other more outward more reflex and wrapt about with a thin Membrane and united to its own little Branches with the diminutive Arteries carried from the Cervical to that Seat is partly disseminated through the thin Meninx partly ascends upward to the foremost Ventricles of the Brain wherein it constitutes the Choroide Fold From the same larger Branch of the Carotis another Artery proceeds which after it has passed the Skull through the second Hole of the Temple is presently parted into two Stocks of which the Exterior runs through the eight Hole of the Wedg-like-bone into the larger Concavity winding a little Branch to the Extremity of the Nose The innermost which is bipartited at first sends a slender Branch to the thick Meninx CHAP. V. Of the Arteries proceeding from the descending Trunk of the Aorta before it comes to be divided THE descending Part of the Trunk of the Aorta which is larger at the upper Part adheres to the Gullet Hence some vainly believe that a Man overheated with violent Exercise or the Rays of the Sun perceives such a remarkable Refrigeration from a large drought of cold Water the Gullet being thereby cold and by that means the Blood being also cold that is contain'd in the Trunk of the great contiguous Artery and that some in the same cases sound away upon drinking cold Water too freely because as they say that which is contain'd in the adjoyning great Artery being too suddenly cool'd by the cold Water passing through the Gullet is somewhat thickned and the Motion of it thereby interrupted I. This descending Part of the Trunk before it passes the Diaphragma sends forth the lower Intercostals which are sent from the hinder Seat of it on both sides to eight or nine Intervals of the lower Ribs and communicate little Tendrils to the Muscles of the Back and Breast through the Holes in the Nerves II. Moreover about the Diaphragma from the Trunk comes forth the Phrenic from hence the Right from thence the Left which is carried to the Diaphragma the Mediastinum and sometimes to the Pericardium The Remainder of the Trunk of the Aorta penetrating the Diaphragma scatters Branches every way through the lower Parts of the Body Some before it is parted into the Iliac Arteries others after it is divided from them The Branches which proceed from it before division some accompany the Vena Porta others the Branches of the hollow Vein The Branches that accompany the Vena Porta are two the Coeliac and Mesenteric III. The Coeliac which some also call the Stomachic proceeds from the Body of the Aorta before at the first Verteber of the Loyns and descending under the Hollow of the Liver is divided above the Trunk of the Vena Porta into two Branches which adhere to the Sweet-bread under the hinder Seat of the Stomac IV. Of these that on the Right-hand and the more slender produces the Dexter Gastric which approaches the Pylorus and by Spigelius is called the Pylorie also the double Cystic's being very small dispeirsed through the Gall-bladder with several Branches But in the lower Part these three following have their Original and proceed V. 1. The Right-hand Epiplois to the Right-hand Seat of the lower Caul and the Colon annexed to it VI. 2. The Intestinal to the Duodenum and beginning of the Iejunum VII 3. The Right-hand Gastro-Epiplois to the bottom and middle of the Stomach VIII 4. Two small Hepatic Arteries concerning which there is some dispute For as Galen says they enter the Parenchyma of the Liver and so betake themselves for the greatest part into the Hollow of it Rolfinch affirms that he has observed them very numerous in the Convex Part. Glisson affirms that they do not enter the Parenchyma of the Liver but only insinuate themselves into the common Capsula and therewith are divided into the Capillary Vessels and communicate several Branches to the Gall-bladder and Bilary Pores The remaining Portion of this Right-hand Branch enters the Mesentery and waters it with many Sprigs IX The Left-hand Branch of the Coeliac which is called the Splenic larger than that on the Right-hand and somewhat swollen with a winding course proceeds above the Sweet-bread to the Spleen at the upper Part sends forth the Larger Gastric which afterwards bestows a little Branch upon the higher and middle Seat of the Ventricle and throws out two stocks of Arteries noted with particular Names to the Stomach X. 1. The Coronary Stomachic which girds the upper Orifice of the Ventricle like a Crown and affords several little Branches to
rest by degrees become thin and shorter They have pretty broad upper Appendixes the Cavities of which receive the little Bones of the Wrist and the lower which tack them to the Cavities of the Fingers IV. The Phalanx of the Fingers the Thumb being numbred in consists of fifteen Bones for that three compleat every Finger different in bigness of which the first and largest is covered with the second the second with the third and the third with the Nail It is gibbous without plain within and somewhat hollowed for the more commodious comprehending the solid Bones They have Processes above and below The uppermost are round and have one round hollowness in each of the first four Bones receiving the Bone of the Meta-carpium The rest are provided as it were with a double Cavity distinguished with a small Protuberance The lower Processes put forth as it were a double head distinguished by a Cavity with which they enter the double Cavity of the imposed Bone except the third and last Bone which is only fenced with the Nail All these Cavities and Processes to facilitate motion are covered with a Gristle CHAP. XIX Of the Bone of the Thigh and Leg. THere are three Parts of the Foot the Thigh Leg and extream Part of the Foot I. The Thigh called Femur in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 consists of one strong Bone in length and bigness exceeding all the rest of the Bones of the Body round and somewhat gibbous before behind somewhat depressed and hollow marked with a rough Line obliquely descending toward the Knee II. The upper Part has a thick Process prominent toward the Hip bone with a round and large Epiphysis imposed upon it and so composes the gibbous head of the Thigh underpropt with a strong Neck which being overcast with a Gristle is hid up in the Acetabulum of the Hip and there fastened with two strong Ligaments one broad thick and Membranous which encompasses the whole Joynt the other round which being produc'd from the Cavity it self of the Acetabulum is inserted into the received head of the Thigh and fastens it most firmly to the Acetabulum and thus this Articulation is perfected by Enarthosis III. Concerning this Epiphysis Rolfinch observes that it adheres with a very loose connexion to the Bone of the Thigh so that being boyl'd in Water it suddainly becomes soft and is easily separated from the Bone especially in young Animals for which reason it is in Infants and Children easily separated from the Bone upon any slight occasion as when Children are set to go too soon by their Nurses and then it is taken for a Dislocation and that Error prevents the Cure This brings to my Memory that once or twice I saw this Recess of this Epiphysis from the Thigh Bone which the Chyrurgions took for a Luxation though the head could by no means be perceived to be slipt out of the Acetabulum Only the Thigh-bone was turn'd back toward the hinder Parts and the upper Part was perceived to ascend without a head and so one Thigh became shorter than the other But no body then thought of the Recess of the Epiphysis which now I find was the cause Below the Neck where the Bone begins to grow broader two Processes are produced provided with their Epiphysis's which are manifestly conspicuous in Children but afterwards become Bony and are united inseparably to the Leg without any seeming diversity of the Substance One of these Processes the upper and bigger bend upward towards the Exterior Parts The other lower and far less having the figure of an obtuse Tubercle looks backward toward the inward Parts which Riolanus believes to be rather an Apophysis then an Epiphysis That is called the bigger Trochanter this the lesser Trochanter To this lesser for the most part there joyns toward the outer Parts another lesser Tubercle in a place somewhat lower These Processes afford Insertion and rise to several strong Muscles Below where the Thigh-bone grows thicker by degrees with its Appendix it forms two large Heads of which the outermost is thicker then the innermost These being overcast with a Muscle it enters the double Cavities under the Leg which are fortify'd likewise with a Muscle Between those Heads it has another Cavity small before large behind through which remarkable Vessels are carry'd to the Legs together with the fourth Nerve of the vast Pair Between these Cavities the Protuberancy of the Leg is admitted and so that Articulation is compleated by Gynglymus while they also receive these two heads of the Leg. Moreover there are two other little Cavities at the side of each Head into which the Tendons of several Muscles are inserted IV. More behind in the Ham the two Sesamoides Bones are plac'd to the lower Appendixes of the Thigh which grow to the Heads of the two first Muscles moving the foot whereas otherwise the rest of the Sesamines stick to the Tendons of the Muscles V. But because the Articulation of the Knee was not yet strong enough but that through the motion of the Leg or by any external violence the Bones might slip out of their place therefore there is a round and broad Bone placed upon the Joynt like a Circular Platter by the Latines call'd Molae Patella and by others Rotulae of a Gristly substance in Children which afterwards becomes Bony and to facilitate its motions is overcast within-side with a Gristle This Bone adheres to the Tendons of the Muscles with a looser connexion it being requisite that it should not be two streight ty'd to prevent an easie Luxation and yet not hinder the Motion of the Muscles The necessity of this Office Galen observed in a certain Young Wrestler whose little Platter being dislocated ascended toward his Thigh whence happened a dangerous bending in the Knee so that he could not walk down a Hill without the help of a Staff The same thing I have also observed in my Practice upon the like Accident And though Paraeus asserts that he never saw any Man halt who had broken that Bone yet I knew a Young German Nobleman whose Platter was shot away with a Musket Bullet so that he could not so much as go Yet a Bone-setter here in Utrecht fitted a certain Iron Instrument to his Knee which bending the Thigh-bone in Conjunction with the Leg in some measure supply'd the loss of the Knee-pan so that with the help of that Instrument he could walk indifferently but when that was off he could not move his Foot nor stand a moment VI. To the Thigh is annexed the Crus being that Part which extends it self from the Knee to the Heel This is compos'd of two Bones very much differing in thickness and bigness cohering together above and below but parted in the middle by reason of the Muscles of the Feet yet connexed with a strong interceding Ligament VII The first of these is by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the
and Asses Grease an â„¥ j. Citrine Oyntment â„¥ s. mix them and anoint the Tubercles going to Bed for several Nights together The next day wash the Face with their Decoction â„ž Roots of white Lillyes â„¥ ij Cuckow pint or Dragons â„¥ i. One Citron thin Bran one Handful Water q. s. Boyl them for a Lukewarm Lotion every day Forestus among other things excels the following Oyntment â„ž Oyl of Sweet Almonds white Lillyes an â„¥ j. Capons Grease â„¥ iij. Powder of Pyony and Florence Oâ—…ice Root Lithurge of Gold an ℈ s. Sugar Candy ℈ j. All these being well mixed in a hot Mortar and press'd through a Linnen Cloth anoint the Places Morning and Evening afterwards wash with Distill'd Water of Calves-Feet or Water of Cow-dung But all these things signifies little for when once the Pits of the Small Pox are dry'd and that the Scars are either too hollow or too high raised the Skin is fixed then all Topics are in vain But if the Colour of them be too red and unseemly the Colour perhaps may be taken off by Virgins Milk or else some of those other prescriptions for taking away the Spots but as to the filling up of the Pits there is nothing to be done Add to this that Grease of Men sheep Asses Geese and the like do so darken and smut the Skin that they cause a greater deformity then the Pits and Scars themselves CHAP. XIII Of the Measles THE Measles are Spots or small red Tubercles breaking forth in the Skin but never suppurating arising from a peculiar Fermentation of the Blood They differ accidentally or according to the more or the less from Small Pox Because the Small Pox rise up high and suppurate but the rising of the Measles is hardly conspicuous and never suppurate And therefore they sooner go off and with less danger then the small Pox and most frequently seize Children very rarely People of ripe Years or Old Men or such as have had the Small Pox before For they that have had the Small Pox are generally if not always exempted from the Measles though 't is true they can Challenge no absolute Immunity They generally seize the Skin and the Epidermis where they come forth and are seen But whether like the Small Pox they seize the Internal Parts or no is much to be Questioned nor do I indeed believe it in regard I do not find that hitherto any Physitian has ever found it to be so They rise from the more subtil hotter and dryer Sanguineous Humour inclining to Choler fermenting after a Specific Manner which is the reason that they quickly come forth and never rise into Wheals like the Small Pox nor into any other considerable swellings but coming forth small at the beginning they become red broad Spots with a slight roughness of the Skin After the Seventh day and many times sooner they vanish without any Exulceration not the least Foot-steps remaining nor any deformity left behind The cause of them is the same as the cause of the Small Pox but the difference of the two Diseases consists in this that the matter out of which they are generated in the Small Pox is thick Sanguineous and moist which is the reason why they rise into Whealks but in the Measles thin dryer and somewhat Choleric For the most Part they seldom seize the same Person above once nor do they so frequently as the Small Pox return Twice or Thrice because the matter of these being much thinner upon the first seizure is generally dissipated and consumed They are accompany'd with a Fever like the Small Pox nay they arise from a Fever of which they are a kind of critical Evacuation The Diagnostic Signs that shew the Measles to be at Hand are the same which portend the approach of the Small Pox and when they are come forth the Sight is the Judge The Prognostics are if they quickly appear with a Diminution of the Fever Anxiety and other Symptoms and persisting in their height for Three or Four days afterwards vanish by degrees The Evil Prognostics if they come forth slowly are accompany'd with bad Symptoms and disappear again the first day Moreover they have many other Prognostics common with the Small Pox which are described cap. 5. before The Cure at the Beginning differs nothing from the Small Pox for that the Patients are to be put into a Sweat by the Sudorifics prescribed cap. 10. before and kept in a gentle Breathing Sweat till they are wholly come forth No cold must come to them but the Decoction of Barley Licorice Vetches and Figs is frequently to be given them for that expels the Measles as successfully as the Small Pox and their Method is to be observ'd till they disappear again of their own accord and with all the Signs of Health There is no need of Topics here However sometimes it falls out that there will be a vehement most troublesom and intollerable Itching and Prickings in the Soles of the Feet and Palms of the Hands for the mitigation of which Symptom then to hold the Hands and Feet for some time in cold Water For by that means that Pricking is asswag'd and the Measles in the Soles of the Feet and the Palms of the Hands break out more easily This Experiment was formerly a Secret of Nicolas the Florentine from whom Basius Astarius of Pavia borrow'd it Concerning this matter Forestus has a Singular Observation lib 6. Observ. 42. Next akin to the Measles is that Distemper which arising from the same Cause and requiring the same Cure is call'd the Purples Of which Haly Abbas thus speaks There is says he a sort of Distemper called Rubeola which arises from a hot subtil and not very much bad blood and this sort when it comes to its height is like the Grains of Millet or somewhat bigger and the Color of it Red nor are the Pustles to be opened but insensibly dissipate and vanish In this Distemper red and as it were fiery Spots intermixed with small Tubercles like Millet seed with a swelling hardly worth speaking of break forth over all the Body at the beginning of the Disease as it were a kind of St. Anthonies fire that is the first second third or fourth day In the height of the Distemper the whole Body seems to be red as if it were under a general St. Anothonies Fire But in the Declination the redness is diminished and the broad Spots as at the beginning again appear which at length upon the fifth sixth seventh eighth or ninth day vanish the upper Skin peeling off like little Scales This Disease for the most part infests Infants and Children very rarely People of ripe years and like the Measles for the most part seize upon the Skin and Epidermis and is easily cured if you take care of keeping the Patient warm Nevertheless it happens that sometimes the Internal Parts are seiz'd by this Distemper to the great hazard of the Patients Life Thence an Intense Fever
Years of Age finding her self not well ordered me to be sent for She had a slight Fever and complained of Melancholly at her Heart which caused her frequently to sigh and heaviness of her Head with an inclination to sleep Now in regard the Small Pox was then very rife I had presently a suspition of her Distemper Thereupon when she told me that she had been at Stool that day and that it was a good while before her Monthly Period would be up presently I let her Blood in the Arm and took away eight Ounces of Blood for she was Plethoric after which she found her self as she said somewhat better Ten hours after Blood-letting certain red Spots began to appear upon her Breasts and Hands but few and small Thereupon about the Evening I prescribed her this Diaphoretic â„ž Treacle of Andromachus Diascordium of Fracastorius an Ê’ s. Salt of Wormwood Confection of Hyaciâ—…th an ℈ j. Treacle-water and VVater of Carduus Benedict an â„¥ j. Mix them for a draught When this had caused her to Sweat moderately all Night the next day the Pustles came forth higher and the Fever together with the anxiety vanished altogether Thereupon we gave her a Decoction of Figs in Ale to drink and thus in a few days she reovered with these few Remedies not having had above three or four in her Face and very few upon the rest of her Body ANNOTATIONS WHat is to be thought of Blood-letting in this Disease and when it is to be made use of we have sufficiently Explained cap. 8. And I have particularly observed that if in Plethorics it be timely made use of before any Eruption of the Small Pox then it comes forth more easily and not so thick and the Patient recovers sooner And therefore when you meet with Young Girls that are nice of their Beauty I think it very beneficial to let Blood in time seeing that then fewer and lesser Pox come out in the Face But because the Physitian is seldom sent for till the Pox begin to come forth hence it is that Blood-letting cannot be made use of HISTORY XII A Little Son of Nicholas ab Harvelt began to grow ill in August but in regard that I was sent for at the beginning and had presently a suspicion of the Small Pox I gave him a little treacle-Treacle-water with a little Bezoar-stone and Saffron for the Child was not above three Years old and other ungrateful Tastes would not have gone down and to preserve his Eyes I ordered his Eye-lids to be anointed with Saffron mixed with Womans Milk The Aunt who had the care of the Child in my absence mixes a greater quantity then is usual with the Milk and not only anointed his Eyes but all his Face twice a day Which caus'd a strange Disfigurement of the Child whose Face was all over yellow with the Saffron In the mean while the Child sweat very well and still took now and then three spoonfuls of Treacle-water which preserved him in a moderate heat and drank for his drink the simple Decoction of Figs. The next day some very small Spots began to appear here and there upon his Skin but the third day the Small Pox came out very thick over all his Body except his Face where none at all nor the least sign of any were to be seen yet the Child was never the worse in regard they came out so thick over all the rest of his Body The Fever then went off and so the Child was perfectly recovered without having his Face so much as touched ANNOTATIONS The Saffron gently astringent repels and drys but whether being outwardly applied it hinders the coming out of the Pox or whether through any other Specific and occult quality it has that effect I am uncertain and much question But we saw the effect of it not only in this Child but also in three or four more For the Childs Aunt when she had told what had happened up and down to other Women there were several that would needs try the Experiment with the same good success And whether it will have the same success always at other times when occasion offers we shall try our selves HISTORY XIII THE most Noble the Lady Lucas an English Woman bred up in her House a Young Lady her Brothers daughter about six or seven Years of Age So soon as she began to be Fevourish anxious and drosie by my advice she had given her a little Powder Liberans Harts-horn burnt Bezoar-stone and Saffron with an ounce of Treacle-water which caused her to Sweat well with some ease For her drink she drank the Decoction of raw Harts-horn as it is prepared for Gellies and frequently the simple Decoction of Figs In the mean time the Lady Lucas every day twice or thrice washed the Face of our Patient with that same sort of Cinnamon-water which our Apothecaries generally sell which is made of Cinnamon distilled in Borrage-water and diligently kept the Young Lady in a continual breathing heat The second day toward Evening the red Spots began to appear the third day the Small Pox came out very thick every where except upon her Face where there was not one to be seen So that the Lady continued the Lotion of the Childs face for some days In the mean while the Fever going off our Patient was perfectly cured without the least Sign of the Small Pox upon her Face ANNOTATIONS THe same Lady gave the same advice also to the Lady Couper who having washed the Faces of three of her Children that lay Sick of the Small Pox with Cinnamon-water not one of them had any Sign of them in their Faces Whether the same success will always attend upon others will be manifest by the frequent Tryal upon others In the mean time it is to be considered whether upon hindering the Small Pox from breaking out in the Face there may not be some danger least the Menixe's and Brain should receive some prejudice HISTORY XIV THE Lady Ruchabor about twenty four Years of Age so Beautiful that she was the Admiration of many in the Month of August was taken with a Fever and the Small Pox so that her Head was wonderfully swell'd when she had made use of several Remedies by my Advice and the Small Pox came out very thick over all her Body and had pepper'd her Face at length after the Fever went off and that the Swelling of her Head was quite fallen I ordered her Face to be frequently fomented with Mutton Broth. But she not contented with that to preserve her Beauty by the advice of some Ignorant Women caused the ripe Pustles to be opened with a Golden Needle and the Matter to be squeezed out but mark the Event she that perswaded her self she should have no Pits when she recovered had her Face so disfigured with Scars and Pits that of one that was most Beautiful she became very deformed and a Thousand times bewayl'd that Foolish act of pricking the Wheals ANNOTATIONS
Noble French Man about thirty Years of Age Plethoric no great Drinker yet a Lover of unmixed Wine upon the Tenth of November going to Bed began to complain of difficulty of breathing yet without any pain in his Breast soon after a redness seized his Face especially his Cheeks and his Eyes also appeared swelled and inflamed This difficulty of breathing within two hours was so encreased that he could hardly draw his Breath insomuch that he was afraid of a Suffocation Wherefore about Midnight he sent for me bidding the Messenger tell me withal that he should dye unless I could help him with some present Remedy By the redness of his Face and his little frothy and flowry spitting as also by his difficulty of Breathing which was without any pain yet with a kind of heaviness in his Breast I judged this Distemper to be an Inflammation in his Lungs so much the rather because I found by his Pulse that he was in a strong Fever Thereupon I ordered a pint of Blood to be taken from the Basilic Vein of his right Arm by which he felt very much ease To drink for he was very thirsty I gave him a Ptisan of Barly cleansed and Licorice boyl'd in Water In the mean time the following Glister was prepared and given by six a Clock the next Morning â„ž Emâ—…llient Decoction â„¥ x. Elect. Diacatholici Diaphoenici an â„¥ j. common Salt Ê’j Oyl of Violets â„¥ ij for a Glister This gave him two sufficient Stools But because the difficulty of breathing still continued very oppressive about ten o Clock we took away a pint of Blood out of his left Arm. The Blood appeared indifferent good only that it had a great deal of Yellowish froth at the top Then besides the Ptisan he drank of the following Apozem now and then every day â„ž Barley cleansed Ê’ij 〈◊〉 Licoriâ—…e Ê’j â—… Endive Sorrel an one handful Violet Leaves two handfuls Flowers of Poppy Rheas two little handfuls the four greater Cold-seeds and Lettice-seeds an Ê’ij Currants Ê’ij Common-water q. s. Boyl this according to Art to two Pints In the straining dissolve Syrup of Poppy Rheas Violets and Limons an â„¥ j. mix them for an Apozem For his nourishment I prescribed him Broths with Chervil Endive clensed Barley and the like boiled therein The next day because the Patient would admit no more Glisters I gave him a Laxative Medicin which gave him four stools with great ease In the mean time he breathed much more freely and his Fever very much abated The following days the foresaid Apozem was five times repeated the seventh day of the Disease he fell into a very great Sweat of his own 〈◊〉 and so the force of the Disease being broken by a Crisis the â—…ever with the difficulty of breathing went off and the Patient was restored to his former Health ANNOTATIONS SAys Gallen when an acute Fever happens with difficulty of breathing accompanied with streightness and heaviness that Distemper is an Inslammation of the Lungs Now this Inflammation sometimes happens of it self sometimes it succeeds a Squinancy or 〈◊〉 when a Humor is carry'd from the Chaps or side into the Lungs by way of Mutation Whence Hippocrates An Inflammation in the Lungs from a Distemter in the sides is bad For it is a dangerous thing for one acute Disease to accompany or follow another But an Inflammation of the Lungs that does not proceed from any other Distemper but grows of it self proceeds from a thin and Choleric Blood flowing in a greater quantity then can be circulated into the Substance of the Lungs and there inflamed This Inflammation of the Lungs Fernelius asserts to be the less frequent of the two And it is much less frequent then the Pleurisie from which it differs because the one seizes with a most acute pain the other with a little pain but an oppressing heaviness for that the one inflames and distends the Pleura Membrane which is endued with an Exquisite Sence the other inflames and dilates the Lungs which are nothing so Sensitive In other things as acuteness of the Fever difficulty of breathing and other signs as also in the Cause and Cure of the Disease they both agree But besides the foresaid Inflmamation of the Lungs there is another sort more frequent which differs very much from the other in the excess of the Symptoms and the Cause as arising either from Flegm collected and putrified in the Lungs or from a thin sharp and copious distillation falling down upon the Lungs from the Brain and there preternaturally glowing and causing a Fever and by degrees wasting the Patient with a Cough difficulty of Breathing and a slow Fever without any spitting of Blood An Inflammation of the Lungs therefore is an acute Distemper which as Celsus testifies is more dangerous than painful Now this Distemper does not always seize the whole Lungs but sometimes one particular Lobe which Iacotius testifies he has seen in the opening of a Peripneumonic Body So says Iouberâ—… also In a Peripneumony there is no necessity that the whole Lungs should be always enflamed but many times some one of the Lobes only suffers as we have found by the Dissection of an Infinite number of Bodies This Hippocrates plainly declares where he teaches us how to know the differences of this Distemper in these words In an Inflammation of the Lungs if the whole Tongue be white and rough both parts of the Lungs are vext with an Inflammation but where but half the Tongue is so effected on that side where it is discoloured and rough there the Inflammation lyes A pain under one Clavicle denotes an Inflammation of one of the upper VVings of the Lungs but the pain extending under both Clavicles denotes that both the upper Wings of the Lungs are inflamed if the pain lye in the middle of the Ribs the middle part of the Lungs suffers but if the pain comes to that part to which the Lungs extends it self the lower wing of the Lungs is effected Where one whole Part is affected there all that answer to that Part must of necessity suffer The most certain and proper sign besides others of a true Peripneumâ—…ny is a redness of the â—…aws according to the Testimony of Galen Paulus Aegineta and Aviceâ—… with an acute Fever and extream difficulty of Breathing if accompanied with none or very little oppressive pain All which when they appeared so manifestly in our Patient there was no question to be made of the Distemper which Disease went off the seventh day upon an extraordidinary spontaneous Sweat which Forestus observes to be customary in a true Peripneumony Though sometimes as Aetius tistifies in young People it uses to go off with a violent Bleeding at the Nose or Flux of the Monthly Evacuaations which nevertheless I find that Riolanus denies Gregory Horstius has observed that a Peripneumony has gone off the seventh day with a Critical Flux Which however seems to be contrary to Reason when a Flux of
sorts of it The one says he is that the Skin is exasperated by the smallest Pustles and is red and slightly corrodes in the middle somewhat lighter and creeps slowly it begins round and dilates in a Circle The other which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the wild Itch is that by which the Skin becâ—…mes more rough is exculcerated and vehemently corroded looks red and sometimes fetches the Hair off which is less round and more difficultly cured As for the Cause of the Disease Galen Aetius Aegmeta affirm it to be generated out of certain mix'd Humors that is to say serous thin and sharp mix'd with thick Humors But in my Judgment Galen writes better and more perspicuously that this Distemper is generated out of a salt Flegm and yellow Choler which is the reason that as in earthen Vessels corroded by Pickles the Scales fall off the Skin Now these Humors being transmitted to the Skin putrifie it as Avicen says To which I add that this Corruption afterwards is intermixed with the good Humors carried to the Skin for its Nourishment and so the Mischief becomes diuternal Thus also Mercurialis writes that the Skin only having acquir'd a deprav'd Habit corrupts all its Nourishment and converts it into increase of Impurities And in the same manner discoursing of such a kind of scabby Patient In the whole Circuit of the Body there is a vitious and itchy Humor implanted by vertue of which whatever good Nourishment is carried to it is presently converted into a nasty salt corroding Humor which occasions that continual Itching together with those little Ulcers and the roughness of the Skin Now these Humors corrupting the Skin must of necessity be hot and salt from which proceeds that Heat and Itching of those Scales This Distemper however is not so dangerous as it is troblesome which if it continue long gets that deep footing that it is a very difficult thing to extirpate it and sometimes it hardens into a dry Mange and Leprosie The gentler sort is cur'd at the beginning with gentler Medicaments as Fasting-Spitle tosted Butter Oyl of Eggs of Tartar or Juniper boyled Honey liquid Pitch or Juice of Citron But that which is of longer continuance and wild requires stronger Remedies as Sulphur Minium Lytharge Ceruse Vitriol Pit-salt Rust of Brass Limeallum Niter white Hellebore c. To which we may add Quick-silver Sublimate and precipitate Mercury having a peculiar occult yet apparent Quality to kill the Malignity that accompanies this Distemper Thus Peter Pachetus in his Observations communicated to Riverius when no other Remedies could tame a wild Itch cur'd it with this Oyntment â„ž Unguent Rosaceum Ê’ iij. White Precipitate Ê’ iij. Mix them for an Oyntment OBSERVATION XIII A Mortification of the Legs and Thighs by Cold. MAny times severe Mischiefs attend the Imprudence of Persons given to drink which a certain lusty young Man sufficiently made known by his own woful Example For he in a most terrible Winter when it freez'd vehemently hard coming home about Midnight well Cup-shot without any body to help him to Bed went into his Chamber where falling all along upon the Floor he fell asleep and neither remembring himself nor his Bed slept till Morning But when he awak'd he could feel neither Feet nor Legs Presently a Physitian was sent for But there was no feeling either in his Legs or Feet though scarified very deep Hot Fomentations were apply'd of hot Herbs boil'd in Wine adding thereto Spirit of Wine but to little purpose For half his Feet and half his Legs below the Calves were mortified the innate Heat being almost extinguished by the Vehemency of the intense Cold. The Fomentations were continued for three days Upon the fourth day the mortified Parts began to look black and stink like a dead Carcass Therefore for the Preservation of the Patient there was a necessity of having recourse to the last Extremity namely Amputation and so upon the sixth day both his Legs were cut off a little below the Calves in the quick part by which means the Patient escaped without his Feet from imminent Death and afterwards learn'd a new way to walk upon his Knees ANNOTATIONS AN Example of the same Nature we saw at Nimeghen in the Year 1636. of a Danish Souldier who having slept Drunk as he was upon a Form in a bitter frosty Night when he walk'd in the Morning could not feel his Feet But by heating Fomentations the native Heat at most extinguished by the Cold after two days so menting was restored to his Feet tho his Toes could never be brought to their natural Constitution but remaining mortified and beginning to putrifie were all cut off by the Chyrurgeon And therefore I would advise all hard Drinkers not to take their Naps too imprudently in the Winter unless they have first laid themselves in a warm Place and well fortified themselves against the Injuries of the Air least their being buried in Wine bring them to be buried in Earth OBSERVATION XIV Obstruction of the Spleen KAtharine N. a Woman of forty four years of Age had been troubled a whole year with an Obstruction of her Spleen much Wind rumbled in the Region of her Spleen she was tormented with terrible Pains of the same Side by reason of the Distention of the Bowels and the neighbouring parts so that she went altogether bow'd toward the Side affected till at length grown as lean as a Skeleton with continual Torments she could go no longer You might also perceive by laying your Hands upon the Place that the Spleen was very much swell'd and more than all this her Stomach was quite gone In March being call'd to the Cure of this Distemper I first purg'd her Body with a gentle Purge upon which when she found but very little Relief I prescribed the following Apozeme for two days to open the obstructed Passages and prepare the Morbific Matter and withal to keep her Body open â„ž Roots of Polypody of the Oak Dandelyon an â„¥ j. Roots of Fennel Elecampane Stone Parsly Peeling of Capery roots Tamarisc an â„¥ s. Baum Fumary Water Trefoil Tops of Hops an Handful j. Centaury the less half a Handful Fennel seed Ê’ij Damask Prunes â—… o xi Currants â„¥ ij Boil thâ—…m in common Water q. s. In the straining macerate all night of Spoonwort Winter Nasturtium an Handful j. Leaves of Senna cleansed â„¥ ij Anise-seed Ê’vi Make an Apozeme for two Pints After she had drank two Mornings a Draught of this Decoction she went to Stool twice or thrice a day but the Ease which was expected did not follow Wherefore after she had drank up her Apozeme I gave her a purging Medicine somewhat stronger which I thus prescribed â„ž Leaves of Senna cleansed â„¥ s. White Agaric Ê’j Roots of Black Helleâ—…ore Ê’s Rhenish Tartar Anise-seed an Ê’j Fumary VVater q. s. Make an Infusion all night and add to the straining Elect. of Hiera Picra Diaphoenicon an Ê’ij for a Draught
After she had taken this at first she voided common Excrements Soon after she felt an extraordinary Pain in her Left-side which presently removed from thence to the Guts which Pain weakned her to that degree that she went away sometimes in a Swoon Not long after she voided a certain black Water like Ink in so great quantity that she fill'd three whole Chamber-pots to the top From hence she felt an extraordinary Ease and the Pains of her Left Hypocondrium went almost quite off Four days after I gave her the same Purge again upon which she voided again a great quantity of black Water but not so black as before neither was it so black as the former as not being much unlike the Lye in which our Country-women boils their Linnen Spinnings After this Evacuation she was terribly griped in her Belly wherefore about Evening I prescribed her Methridate Democ Ê’j with five Drops of Oyl of Aniseseed in a Draught of heated Wine After the use of these Medicines the Patient grew indifferent well and in regard she began to loath Physic to that degree that she could not endure to hear the Name of Physic we were forced to defer the rest of the Cure till May only ordering her to observe a proper Diet. But in May she drank three Apozemes again was three or four times purged and took her Electuary and so was restored to her pristin Health ANNOTATIONS THis Woman for two years before had lost her monthly Evacuations and from that time the Distemper of the Spleen began to seize her more and more till she became altogether Melancholy Whence it is very probable that the failing of her accustomed Evacuations that fling off many other Excrements of the Bowels was the Cause of the Accumulation of this Melancholy Humor in the Spleen and Neighbouring Parts which now wanted the usual passage of Evacuation through the Womb. Therefore says Sennertus The accustomed Evacuations of the Hemorrhoids and Courses being suppressed conduce very much to accumulate vitious Humors in the Spleen Thus we have seen in our Practice that Women after their Purgations have left them have fallen into several Diseases because the noxious Humors that were evacuated with the menstruous Blood were then retain'd in the Body And therefore when Womens Purgations fail through Age they ought to purge often to the end the excrementitious Humors that want to pass through the Womb may be drawn to the Guts As to the black Evacuations it is indeed a Wonder how these melancholy Humors heap'd together in our Patient could be retain'd in the Body without doing any more harm and could be changed into a Blackness like Ink. Besides Hippocrates tells us that black Stools are dangerous and mortal Tho Petrus Salius well advises the Physitians not always to fear those black Stools wherein there is nothing many times of dangor For if the Spleen be out of order this Matter gathers together about the Bowels in great abundance and in those Veins which are common to them which if it be in great quantity it gathers also about the Mesentery and Sweet-bred which are as it were the Sink of the whole Body and then when it grows burthensome to Nature is expell'd to the great Ease of the Patient by the Expulsive Faculty excited either of its self or by Medicaments the Evacuations of which are black However that Melancholy Matter so collected is not always expelled through the Guts but also to the great benefit of the Patient sometimes by Urine which Mercurialis also testifies Nor are you to wonder says he that Diuretics are by me preferred above other Medicines since Reason tells that Melancholy and Splenetic Persons have black melancholy Blood With which agrees the Authority of Aristotle in his Problems but chiefly of Hippocrates who gives us the Story of Byas the Fisty-Cuffer who was cured of a Swelling in his Liver by a Flux of Urine For which reason they that undertake the Cure of the Spleen must make it their Business to provoke Urine for which we have a remarkable Story which Valetius relates in Holler I knew says he a Religious Person whose Liver swell'd three or four times a year but chiefly at the beginning of Spring and Fall and while that bunchy Tumor lasted he was infested with Hypochondriac Pains black and blew over his whole Body and growing worse and worse by degrees But at length coming to make black Water like to Ink for five or seven days he recovered his former Health the Tumor and Pain of the Hypochondrium vanishing And now for these twelve or fifteen years he has had these Profluvium's of black Urine whereas before he had the Hemorrhoid which though they swell'd indeed were nâ—…r so open OBSERVATION XV. A Wound in the Leg. ANdrew Ioannis a Cook hapening to be drunk and finding his Chamber-door shut set his Foot to the Door with all his force so that after he had broke it his Leg past through the Slit with the same swiftness and rak'd the middle of his Leg withinside toward the Calf to that degree that though the Solution of the Continuum were not very broad yet it reach'd to the very Periosteum and by reason of the Contusion in the Part swell'd very much A certain ignorant Chyrurgeon had had him in hand for some days but his Pains increasing my Advise was desired By this time his whole Leg was swell'd very much and began to look of a greenish Colour among the Black and the Blew with most acute Pains and the Colour sufficiently demonstrated that the Fore-runner of Mortification would soon contract a Gangrene which I found to have been occasioned by the Ignorance or Mistake of the Chyrurgeon for he having thrust in a hard Tent into the Wound as far as the Periosteum had stop'd it so close that no Moisture could come forth For he had laid a defensive Plaister over it as broad as my hand composed of Bole Armoniac and other astringent things then had wrap'd his Leg from the Knee to the Foot in a Linnen Roller dip'd in Water and Vinegar and had swath'd all this extreamly hard pretending by this means to prevent a Tumor and Inflammation To say truth the Wound was plainly raw and ill colour'd without any Digestion so that upon drawing forth the Tent only a little watry Corruption came forth All these things I threw away and to prevent a Gangrene took care to have the Wound wash'd with Spirit of Wine that no Tent should be put in but only that a Linnen Cloth four double should be laid upon it and that the whole Leg should be fomented with the following Fomentation â„ž Betony Thyme VVoorm-wood Sage Hissop Rosemary Flowers of camomil Elder Melilot Roses an Handful j. Seeds of Cumin and Lovage an â„¥ j. s. Laurel Berries Ê’ij VVhite-wine q. s. Boil them to three Pints add to the Straining Spirit of VVine lb j. This Fomentation being wrapt warm about his Leg the next Night his Pain was much
they could think of for the Cure of this Distemper but very few did any good at length there was a Remedy found out by certain Italian Physitians who came hither with the French Army by which afterwards great numbers were cured First they Purged the Patients with Rhubarb Then they took white Wax Ê’ j. s. or Ê’ ij and cut this very small into â„¥ iiij or v. of New Milk which they boil'd till the Wax was perfectly melted and then gave their Patients that Milk as hot as could be to drink for it must be taken very hot because of the Wax that else would thicken so that it could not be drank if the Lask did not stop the first time then they gave it a second and a third time But in regard there were a great number of Souldiers that lay sick of this Distemper there was such a vast quantity of white Wax consumed in a short time that the Apothecaries of Emeric were quite exhausted so that they were forced to send for it to other Places Now though Wax seldom is given to swallow yet it is no new thing For Diascorides writes that it is of great Efficacy to fill up wounds and is given in Broths to those that are troubled with Dysenteries Thus Valleriola speaks of a Dysenteric recovered by such a Remedy He cut an Apple hollow and filled it with Citrin coloured Wax and then covering it laid it in the Ashes to roast till the Wax was melted and mixed with the substance of the Apple and then gave it the Patient fasting to eat for some days together though he believes it better to roast and melt the said Wax in a Quince as being more astrictive and glutinous Quercetus prepares the same Remedy by cutting an Apple hollow and filling it with white Wax and Gum Arabic an Ê’ j. Solenander stuft a Turtle with an Ounce of white Wax and boyl'd it in Water and then gave both the Flesh and the Broth to be eaten with Bread Others prescribe a Young Pidgeon stuft and boiled after the same manner OBSERVATION XXIX A Dysentery MArcellus Bor a strong Man of about forty Years of Age was taken with a Dysentery of the same Nature The ninth of October I Purged him with Rhubarb then I gave him Juleps Conditements Powders cooling thickning and Astringent Apozems Sudorifics and other proper Medicaments in convenient manner and time so that the Patient being reduced to extremity of weakness I began to give him over not beleiving he could live two days in that condition but in regard he was very thirsty and called for cold Water I ordered in a desperate condition that he might have as much cold water as he would drink to the end that by drinking such a quantity of water the Morbific cause if it were possible might be washed off from the Guts and the Acrimony of it blunted by the force of the cold All that Night the Patient drank as much as he would of Well-water which at first past swiftly through his Guts and with wonderful griping flowed down to the lower parts afterwards not griping so much toward Morning the Pains of the Guts were almost ceased and the Stools less frequent about noon the Patient falling a sleep slept quietly for some hours before the Evening the Flux stopt and so the Patient refreshed with proper diet when every one thought he could not have lived was unexpectedly recovered from a most desperate Disease ANNOTATIONS COncerning the Drinking of cold Water in a Dysentery there are hardly any of the Modern Physitians that speak a word Yet it is a Remedy not improper in a Choleric Dysentery For it washes the Intestines with its moisture and frees them from all the filth of sharp Humors and cleanses the inner Ulcers By its coldness also it abates and dulls the Heat and Acrimony of the Choler and binds up the Exulcerations of the Intestines Nor was the Drinking of cold Water unknown to the Ancients in this Disease Therefore says Aetius at the beginning for drink use Rain-water but if there be no good Rain-water take Fountain-water Celsus also writes in these words If after several days tryal other Remedies will not prevail and the Disease is come to be of some continuance the drinking of cold Water binds the Ulcers In like manner Paulus and others of the Antients make mention of the drinking of cold Water in a terrible Dysentery Among the Moderns Amatus of Portugal was one that by his own report saw a Choleric Dysentery cured by the drinking of a great quantity of cold Water At other times it also happens that when the best Medicines avail nothing a plain ordinary Medicine has cured most desperate Dysenterys So by the Relation of Captains I have heard that when Breda was besieged by the Spaniards and that Dysenteries were very rife in the City nor any Remedy could be invented for this Distemper when all the known Remedies of the Physitians fail'd at length a new invention was found out by which many were cured A piece of Silk double dy'd of a deep Crimson colour comb'd into slender Threads and steep'd in Wine this taken in Wine with a dram or half a dram of Powder of the same Silk for some times infinite numbers have been cured by it I know a certain Dysenteric Person who was given over who upon eating a vast quantity of Medlars recovered beyond all expectation Another was freed by Man's Bones drank in red Wine of a Flux which was thought incurable Oyl of Olives taken alone or eaten with a White-bread Toast dipp'd in it many times works wonders Holler affirms that he was cured several times with the Juice of Ground-Ivy Forestus writes that he never found any thing more prevalent then the Dung of Dogs that only fed upon Bones given in Chalvbeate Milk And with this Medicine Fuchsius says that he cured above a hundred Dysenterics in one Year Riverius tells us of a Dysenteric that only used the Decoction of Pimpernel with Water and Butter and so was cured in three days Bruyernius writes thus of himself being troubled with a Dysentery We says he being terribly afflicted with a Dysentery lay given over by the Physitians for no Remedies were able to asswage or Cure the Disease At length by the Advice of an old Woman upon eating a great quantity of raw Services the next day I felt all my Pain almost abated And by this means my Belly being shut up and I as it were recalled from the dead and restored to my former Health experienced the saying of Gelsus to be true that Rashness does more in Diseases than Prudence can do OBSERVATION XXX A Consumption LEwis Gulielm a Sea-man about thirty four Years of Age and indifferently robust had sometimes before lain Sick of a Malignant Fever of which by the Assistance of God I had cured him In the Month of October about a Month after the cure of the said Fever he was taken with an Extraordinary Catarrh occasioned by
one or two Hours and this you must do twice or thrice a day When you take this off put on a woollen Cap well fum'd with Mastich and Cloves bind a warm Napkin about it to the end that by this means your Head being over cold and weak may be again heated corroborated and dry'd that so the Catarh be stopped from further descent which done the remaining Cure will be easily accomplished I am well assured that by reason of the Wars and your continual quartering of Souldiers you cannot live with those Conveniences about you as you ought to have nevertheless you are to take the best care of your Diet you can therefore you must keep your self in a warm Place and more especially to preserve your Head from all manner of Cold. As to your Diet abstain from all manner of salt and smoaked Meats and all others of hard Digestion and Nutriment more especially from all Acids as Vinegar Iuice of Limons sowre Apples sowre Wine and every thing else that has any Acidity in it for all Acids are hurtful to the Lungs Broths made of Mutton Lamb Veal Hens Cocks and the Flesh themselves boil d with Rosemary Marjoram Barley cleansed and stoned Raisins potch'd Eggs and Goats Milk and in a Word all sweet things are proper If the Malady do not yield to these things send me back word of the State of your Disease Yours to Command I. de Diemerbroeck The Medicaments which I prescribed him were these â„ž Of the Mass of Pill Cochiae ℈ j. s. Diagredion gr v. for seven Pills â„ž Red Coral prepared Blood-stone Trochischs of seal'd Earth an ℈ ij Flowers of Sulphur Ê’j Olibanum Tragacanth Spodium Harts-horn burnt â—…n ℈ j. Conserve of Red Roses â„¥ ij Codigniach â„¥ j. s. Nicholas's Rest Ê’j s. Syrup of Poppy q. s. Mix them for a Conditement â„ž Syrup of Iujubes of Colts foot of Licorice an â„¥ j. of Poppy Looch Sarum an â„¥ j. s. Mix them for a Looch â„ž Heads of white Poppy n â— v. Cut them small and boil them half an hour in common Water q. s. Strain them very hard with the Straining boil White-sugar â„¥ iiij to the Consistence of a Lozenge adding at the end Powder of the Root of Althea ℈ j. s. of Licorice slic'd Ê’j Flowers of Sulphur ℈ ij Red Coral prepared true Bolearmoniac an ℈ j. Make Tablets according to Art â„ž Herbs Marjoram m. j. Rosemary Bitony Flowers of red Roses Melilot an m. s. Cloves Ê’j Nutmegs Cummin-seed an Ê’jj Beat them into a gross Powder and then add Millet-seed m. iiij Salt m. iij. Mix them together and put them into a large linnen Bag. When he had used these Remedies for eight days he wrote me word that his Coughing and Spitting of Blood were very much abated but not quite cured Therefore to perfect the Cure I wrote him word to continue his Pills Looch and Conditement and withal sent him the following Prescription â„ž Roots of the greater Cumfrey Snake-weed Tormentil Fennel an â„¥ s Licorice slic'd Ê’vj Herbs Hyssop Colts-foot Scabious Herb Fluellin Plantain Betony Rosemary an m. j Sage Flowers of red Roses an m. j. Head of white Poppies cut small n o iiij Raisins unstoned Ê’iiij Dates n o ix Decoction of Barley q. s. Boil to an Apozeme of lb iij. First let him purge with his Pills and make use of Looch let him take his Conditement Morning and Evening and drink a Draught of his Apozeme after it about the end of March he wrote me word that he was quite cured of his Cough and Spitting of Blood that he slept very well and could eat and gave me many Thanks for my Advice ANNOTATIONS ALL spitting of Blood out of the Veins of the Lungs threatens great Danger and therefore ought to be cured with great speed and prudence As Benedict Faventius observes If a Vein says he be broken with Coughing and Blood spit out of the Lungs it will never be consolidated but with great difficulty and care of the Physitian This Cure is more easily or with more difficulty accomplished according to the variety of Causes the Vehemency and Diuturnity of the Distemper and the natural Strength of the Lungs affected But among other Causes this is one when Nature endeavours to expel by the violent force of the Cough the Humors stoping the spiritual Passages for by that extraordinary Violence there is a force put upon the Organs of Respiration so that they become very much extended with their Vessels and sometimes broken and then the Blood comes away with the Spittle Such was the Blood-spitting that troubled our Patient which was very dangerous but less then if it had been occasioned by some ill Disposition of the Lungs or Corrosion of the Vessels or any such like Cause However had the Distemper persisted any longer the Vessels without doubt would have been corroded by the Acrimony of the distilling Humors and the Strength of the Bowel would have fail'd and then Suppuration Consumption Rottenness a Fever and several other Maladies of difficult Cure and for the most part mortal would have ensued But because it was not come to that and because the Disease had been of no long standing and the Patient was of sufficient strength the Cure was fortunately performed and much sooner than was expected OBSERVATION XLII Suppression of the Secondines and Courses THE Wife of Peter Vleys-houwer the sixth of March miscarried presently after her Secondines Courses Urine and Evacuations of Excrement stopped which exposed her to imminent danger especially when the Medicaments given her by the Midwife availed nothing The ninth of March which was the fourth day after she had miscarried I was sent for and presently prescribed her these things â„ž Roots of round Birthwort Dittany Valerian Briony Masterwort Fennel an Ê’iij Herbs Mugwort Peniroyal Tansie Feverfew Savin an m. j. Seed of Parsley Lovage wild Carrots Ê’ij red Vetches â„¥ j. s. White-wine q. s. Boil them for an Apozeme of lb j. s. â„ž Of this Decoction â„¥ v. Leaves of Senna cleansed Ê’iij Best Rhubarb Ê’j s. Aniseseed Ê’j Choice Cinamon ℈ j. Make an Infusion for four hours then strain them very hard and add to the Straining Oyl of Amber ix Drops for a Draught After she had took this she purged gently and her Urine and Courses came down in great Plenty and her Secondines came forth by Piace meals and thus by this one Medicament she escaped a very great danger OBSERVATION XLIII A Wound in the Brain with a Pistol-shot MR. Vane an English man and Ensign of a Company a strong young man about twenty five years of Age at the Siege of Schenk Sconce in the Year 1636. was wounded in the â—…ead with a Pistol Shot a little Bullet entring through the inner Corner of his Right-Eye without hurting the Eye and passing through the Substance of the Brain in a streight Line to the upper Bottom of the fore-part of the Head on that Side in that Place stopp'd and stuck under the
insomuch that the Patient was cured as it were in a Moment after the drawing out the Awl and was living seven years after to our knowledg And therefore it is very probable that it was put into the Body of the Boy by diabolical Incartation like to that same Story which Longius tells of a Country Man who had an Iron Nail which appeared under his Skin without any Prejudice which was cut out by the Chyrurgeon and when he was dead four Knives two iron Files Hair and other things were found And several other remarkable Stories of the same nature are related by others as Forestus Codronchius Gemma Zacutus c. 'T is true it has been a Controversie for several Ages among Divines Lawyers Physicians and Philosopers whether there be any Inchanters or Witches and whether they have so much Power by their Charms to hurt the Creatures to cause Sickness and Death clear up Rain and cause Thunder c. For a brief Solution of this Question in short we must conclude that there are Inchanters who by the Permission of God can do very strange things seeing that the Scripture testifies that Pharaoh's Magicians in Moses's time were such a sort of Inchanters who turned Rods into Serpents Rivers into Blood c. Thus St. Luke makes mention of Simon Magus who made the People mad with his Magic Arts. Whence we must of necessity conclude that there are Witches and Sorcerers who by their Demoniac Arts cannot only work various Miracles but also blast Herbs and Fruits and do mischief to Beasts and Men which Mischiefs however they cannot do when they please nor to all that they please but only when and in what manner God pleases and to such whose Faith God has a Will to try as he permitted the Devil to exercise his Sorceries upon Iob. Or to such whose Incredulity or Impiety he has a mind to punish not only in the proper Person of the Transgressor but also by giving the Witches Power over their innocent Children their Flocks Herds Fruit c. And thus by the Incantation of Witches many times Infanrs Oxen Sheep Horses Fruit c. are mischiefed as we saw at a certain Country-mans at Montfort Yet though there are such Inchanters and Witches their Power of doing Harm is not at their own but at the disposal of God Nor can Satan inflict Diseases but by the Permission of God and then his Witches are but his Instruments not the primary Cause OBSERVATION XLVIII Of the Gout in the Knee A Little Son of Thomas Peters an English Merchant about six years of age being troubled with the Gout in his Knee for three or four Weeks at length his Pain was so great that he could not go There was no Tumor no Inflammation nor Dislocation and therefore after I had purged his Body I only laid on a Cere-cloth of Oxicroceum which lay on for three days without any benefit Afterwards his Knee swell'd very much and the Pain likewise encreased wherefore leaving off the Cere-cloth the following Cataplasme was laid on for four or five days together shifting it twice a day The Use of which cleared the Child both of his Swelling and Pain nor did they afterwards return â„ž New Goats-dung lb. j. Boil it in strong French Wine q. s. to the consistence of a Cataplasm and when you take it off from the Fire add Spirt of Wine â„¥ iij. Mix them for a soft Cataplasm ANNOTATIONS THis Cataplasm has a very great discussing and corroborating Faculty which is look'd upon by some as a great Secret in these sorts of Tumors of the Joynts the signal effects whereof we have try'd in many other cases of the same nature This Dung boiled in Oximel Aetius highly commends as a Medicament which he has often succesfully used in long continued Tumors of the Knee OBSERVATION XLIX A Swelling in the Fore-head by reason of a Fall A Young Son of Dimmer de Raet Consellor to the Court of Boxmer had fallen down a Pair of Stairs upon his Fore-head whence ensued a Swelling in his Fore-head to the bigness of a Hens Egg. To this I only applied green Grass fresh gathered and bruised in a Mortar cold as it was which done the Swelling vanished the next day to that degree that there was not the least sign of it remaining ANNOTATIONS THese Swellings though some make nothing of them yet if they be neglected at the beginning they are many times the causes of great Mischiefs which we saw happen'd to the Child of Monsieur Armstrong who having such a Tumor in his Fore-head when it could not be dissipated by no Topics the Place affected continued swell'd for some Weeks after till at length the Humor therein beginning to putrifie and from thence bad Simptoms appearing there was a Necessity not only of a Tormenting Incision to open the Tumor and let out the putrid Humor but also of scraping off the putrid Humor corrupted with the same Putrefaction from the Bone that lay underneath by which means that imminent danger was to be removed from the Patient to which also the Wound was consolidated without any conspicuous Scar. Wherefore it is far better to dissipate the Humors at the beginning at what time it may be easily done and which we luckily did with Grass only bruis'd Many times we have likewise applied brown Paper moistned in Spirit of Wine with as good success or Oyl of Wax or Anise anointed upon the Place OBSERVATION L. The Chollic Passion MOnsieur Starkenburgh Collonel of the Regiment of Groening about forty years of age of a cold and flegmatic Constitution in September was taken with a violent Cholic Passion His Belly was very much swell'd with Wind which he could neither void upward nor downward and terrible Gripings seemed to dilacerate the Guts He complained also of an extraordinary Anxiety of his Heart with which he was so much oppressed that he was all over of a cold Sweat but because he seemed to be almost ready to burst with Wind and had need of present Relief I prescribed the following Glister which was given him about eleven a Clock at night â„ž Emollient Decoction lbj. Elect. Diaphoenicon Hiera Picra â„¥ j. s. Oyl of Dill and Camomil an â„¥ j. Common Salt Ê’j Mix them for a Glister This Glister he voided within a quarter of an hour without any Ease neither Wind nor Excrement following for which reason soon after we gave him another of the same which did him as little good At the same time the Patient growing Stomach-sick threw up some Choler with tough Flegm Therefore about six a Clock in the Morning I prescribed him another Glister after this manner â„ž Emollient Herbs lesser Centaury Wormwood Rue Flowers of Cammomil Dill an m. s. Seeds of Anise and Lovage an Ê’ij Cummin Laurel-Berries an Ê’j s. Boil them in common Water q. s. to lbj. In the Straining gently boil Flowers of Senna â„¥ j. Then press them and add Elect. Hiera Picra Diacatholicon an
â„¥ j. s. Oyl of Cammomil and Dill an â„¥ j. Common Salt Ê’ij For a Glyster After he had taken this there came away with it much Excrement and much Wind. Afterwards being sick at his Stomach he threw up a great quantity of Choler and tough Flegm which gave him much Ease Twice the same day he took Chicken Broth boil'd with Barley cleansed Citron and Orange Peels and for his Drink sometimes he drank Ptisan sometimes small Ale In the Evening this Bolus was given him which caused him to sleep a little the Night following and gave him very great Ease and the next day he had three Stools â„ž Of our Anticholic Electuary Ê’j Transparent Aloes ℈ j. Mix them for a Bolus This Bolus afterwards he took thrice a day every other day The seventh of October not having gone to stool in three days upon forbearing his Bolus his Cholic Pains increased again But then because the Gentleman would not admit of any more Glisters I gave him a gentle purging Draught which caused him to void much Choler and Flegm upward and downward The twelfth of October his Belly being bound he took a Glister The thirteenth Dr. Harscamp an eminent Physitian was called to Counsel and then by common Consent to stop his Vomiting we gave him at two times one Spoonful of Cinnamon-water with two Drops of Oyl of Cinnamon and ordered the following Ligament to be applied to the Region of his Stomach â„ž Oyl of Nut-megs squeez'd of Laurel an Ê’j Of Dill of distilled Fennel an ℈ j. Of Anise Drops iij. Mix them for a Ligament In the Evening he took the forementioned Bolus The sixteenth of October he took another Glister which gave him three Stools with great ease The twentieth to loosen his Belly we prescribed him Pills made of transparent Aloes only of which he swallowed two or three every other day or every other three days which Pills wrought so well that afterwards we had no need of any other Purges The twenty eighth I gave him â„¥ j. s. of our Anticholic Electuary wherein I had mingled Ê’j s. of transparent Aloes of which he took Morning and Evening Ê’s or ℈ ij to his great Advantage For it strengthned his Stomach dispell'd the Wind and cleansed away the Flegm and Choler This Electuary he afterwards used as a preservative taking his Aloes-Pills in the intervening days And by this means he recovered his former Health ANNOTATIONS THE Cause of this Cholic Passion was a great quantity of salt Flegm sticking to the Guts and an over-abounding quantity of sharp excrementitious Choler for the Choler being voided out of its Bladder into the Guts and being there mixed with that Flegm and causing that salt and tough Flegm to boil like quick Lime thrown upon Water or Oyl of Vitriol powred upon powdered Crabs Eyes begat an extraordinary Flatulency violent Pains and extream Anxieties That this was the true Cause appeared by his vomiting which brought up yellow and greenish Choler with tough and frothy Flegm as I have often observed in my Practice Wherefore in this case there is need of a hotter Medicament in regard of the cold Flegm and the Wind at the same time to cleanse away the Choler and asswage the Gripes To which three Purposes the foresaid Electuary mixed with Aloes was of great use other general and necessary Medicaments being given as occasion served To asswage the Pains of the Cholic many notable Remedies are prescribed by various Authors which are to be varied according to the variety of the Causes In a cold Cause I make use of my own Anticholic Electuary with good success the Composition of which is this â„ž Specier Diagalangae Rosatum Aromaticum an Ê’iij s. Diambra Ê’iij Mass of Storax Pills Ê’iij s. Treacle of Andromachus â„¥ iij. s. Mithridate of Damoc. â„¥ iiij Ê’v Oyl of Anise Ê’ij ℈ ij of Cloves Ê’j of Nutmegs distill'd Ê’j s. Syrup of Stocchas q. s. For an Electuary This Electuary sometimes I use alone sometimes with every ounce I mix Ê’j or ij of Aloes and so given have found it much more prevalent against the Chollic Holler boils in odoriferous Wine one small Handful of common Wormwood with Ê’ij of Cummin-seed He also commends Orange-peels boil'd in Wine and the Decoction drank fasting in a Morning We have also given the same Peel powder'd and mix'd with Wine and found it no less beneficial Wormwood-wine is commended by Aetius because it corroborates the Belly purges away the Choler and prevents the Growth of it and discusses and expels the Wind. Others boil Ê’j of Cummin-seed in VVormwood-wine and give the Straining Rases approves Confection of Laurel Berries Avicen prescribes an effectual Medicament of equal Parts of Castor Pepper and Aniseseed Against the same Distemper are no less prevalent the Powder of Zedoary Root from ℈ j. to Ê’j Also the distilled Oyls of Anise Fennel Caroes Dill and Zedoary given in hot Wine The Decoction of Flowers of Cammomil with a little Cummin-seed added given in Ale or small White-wine â„¥ iiij or v. at a time is a most present Remedy to asswage the Pains and expel the Wind. Others applaud this Carminative Water of Schroderus â„ž Flowers of Roman Cammomil m. xxx â—…ut bruise and infuse them twenty four hours in Cammomil-water lb x. others say xv stout Wine lb vj. squeeze these very strongly and in the straining infuse for twenty four hours more Flowers of common Cammomil m. xxiiij Press them and strain them In the Straining steep Flowers of Cammomil m. xij The yellow of Orange Peels â„¥ j. s. Pontic Wormwood m. ij Lesser Centaury Penyroyal Basil an m. ij s. Seed of Dill â„¥ iij. Of Anise and Fennel an â„¥ j. s. of Caroways Cummin Carduus Benedictus Maries Carduus an â„¥ j. s. Iuniper berries â„¥ j. Laurel-berries â„¥ s. Let them stand twenty four hours then distil them with a Gentle Fire in Balnâ—…o Mariae Rodoric Fonseca recommends as a singular Remedy and a very great secret arising from the Propriety of the whole Substance the Testicles of Horses which he says he has several times try'd in the Cure of cholical Distempers These Testicles he washes in generous Wine and cuts into thin slices and then dries them in an Oven with a gentle Heat and keeps them for his Use upon occasion after general Remedies he gives of these powdered Ê’j in Wine three hours before any other Meat Zacutus prefers the Pizzle of a Bull as having a Wonderful specific Vertue one Scruple of the Powder being taken in Malmsey Wine affirming that he had cured several who were most cruelly tormented with that Grief with that only Medicament He also commends for almost as effectual the sole drinking of Urine In vehement Cholic Pains Riverius prescribes these Pills which he has often given with great Success â„ž The best Aloes Ê’j Laudanum Opiate gr iiij Diagridion gr vj. Make six Pills Let the Patient take these at a convenient time and within an hour
laid bare at that time we could perceive nothing for the Blood but the next day we discovered two apparent Fissures in the Cranium and upon one side a small Particle about half a Fingers length somewhat depressed which Particle was every way sever'd and broken from the Bone Therefore in the next firm Part we made a perforation with a Trepan and took out half an ounce of Blood which had flow'd out of the little broken Veins between the Cranium and the thick Meninx and there had shelter'd it self which being wiped off we laid a little rag dipped in Honey of Roses upon the Meninx and having filled the Wound without side with dry Wooll we covered it with Emplaster of Betony The sixth of February some little Blood came forth but after that none at all in the mean time we kept his Belly loose with a gentle Purge thus we ordered the Wound till the twelfth of February and covered his Head with a quilt of Cephalic Herbs and other things afterwards we began to lay the following Powder mixed with Honey of Roses upon the Meninx ℞ Sanguis Draconis Frankincense Aloes Myrrh an ℈ j. Fine Barley Flower ℈ j. s. Make it into a very fine Powder The eighteenth of February the flesh began to grow from the inside of the Meninx The first of March the Meninx was covered with flesh The sixteenth of March a little Scale was separated from the upper Bone of the Skull laid bare and at the beginning of April the Man being perfectly cured went abroad ANNOTATIONS THE suddain Consternation of this Person as it were Apoplectic was a certain sign of the Skull being depress'd which depression could never have been made without a Fracture or a Fissure And though for the following days the Patient felt nothing in his Head in regard such a depression and Fissure could not happen without breaking some of the little Veins it was better to open the Skull and take out the Extravasated Blood then to expect the Symptoms of it when Corrupted and Putrified For a very little Blood though no more then a dram yet Putrifying upon the Meninx may cause terrible Symptoms and Death it self OBSERVATION LIII The Head-ach PEtronel de Kuijck a Country-Woman about threescore Years old complained in February of terrible Pains in her Head as also of Catarrhs falling upon her Eyes Teeth Shoulders and other parts that she had been troubled all the Winter and felt a very great cold at the top of her Head as if the fore part of her Head had been dipped in cold Water Therefore having prescribed her a hotter and Cephalic Diet I Purged her with Pill Cochiae and Golden Pills then I ordered Linnen-cloths four doubled and dipped in Spirit of Wine warmed and gently squeezed to be laid over all the upper Part of her Head and to continue so doing for some days which done that Diuturnal Pain together with her Catarrhs all ceased within a few days then for prevention and preservation I prescribed her a Quilt to wear upon her Head ℞ Marjoram one little Handful Rosemary Sage Flowers of Melilot Lavender an one little Handful Nutmegs Cloves an ℈ ij Make a Powder for a Quilt ANNOTATIONS IN these cold Maladies of the Brain besides general and internal Medicines proper Topics are very beneficial so that many times they alone at the beginning of the Distemper contribute very much to the Cure In which case we made use of Spirit of Wine with good Success the Fomentations of which are highly commended by Arculanus Plater commends Dill Forestus Cammomile however they are made use of in Head-achs proceeding from cold Causes Aetius applaudes Goats dung bruised and laid on Morning and and Evening Others dry up cold superfluous humors after this manner ℞ Millet-seed lb j. common Salt lb s. Leaves of Majoram Rosemary Sage Flowers of Lavender Melolet an one small handful Seeds of Anise Fennel Dill Cummin an ʒ ij Lawrel Berries ʒiij These being fryed in a Frying-pan let them be put into little bags and while they continue warm let the head be first dried and then well rubb'd with them for half an hour Aetius prefers Vervein with the Roots and creeping Time boyl'd in Oyl for the Cure of all Head-aches proceeding from cold and thick Humors He also recommends Hog-lice boyl'd in Oyl for the same purposes P. Aegineta writes of a Woman who was very famous for cuing Head-aches either with or without a Fever by this means She boyl'd the green Roots of Asses Cucumers cut very small and Wormwood in Oyl till they grew soft and with this Oyl and Water she moistened and watered the Head and then clapt the Root bruised with the Wormwood upon it Which Medicine is highly recommended by Avicine who prescribes it after this form ℞ Common Oyl common-water an lb j. Leaves of Wormwood M. j. s. Root of Asses Cucumers ʒ ij Let them boyl together OBSERVATION LIV. A Hickup ANtonetta N. a poor Woman desired me to see her Daughter a Maid about twenty four Years of Age she had been troubled for ten days with a continual violent and troublesome Hickup and none of the old Womens Remedies would do her any good when I understood her Womb was well I judg'd that the Malady proceeded from some sharp Matter firmly Impacted in the Tunicles of the Stomach therefore I gave her first a light Vomit which gave her three or four Vomits but no release from her Hickup Thereupon I prescribed her this following little Bag. ℞ Flowers of Mint camomil Dill an M j. of red Roses Melilot an M. s. one white Poppy Head cut small Nutmeg Aniseed an ʒj of Dill and Cumin an ʒj s. cut and bruise them grossly and make a Linnen bag about the bigness of two hands breadth This Bag I ordered her to boil for half an hour in new Milk and common Water an lbj. s. and to take ever and anon a Draught of this Decoction and after she had gently squeezed the Bag to apply it hot to the Region of her Stomach which when she had continued to do but for one day her Hickup left her ANNOTATIONS SAys Hippocrates A Convulsion is caus'd by Repletion or Emptiness and so is a Hickup But for the most part a Hickup proceeds from Repletion seldom from Emptiness as Galen testifies Under the word Plenitude are comprehended also whatever matter sticks close to the Tunicles of the Stomach and twiching and gnawing them with its Acrimony whether sharp tough Humors Pepper or any other thing A Hickup if it last long is very troublesome but it seldom uses to continue long Yet M. Gatinaria tells a Story of a Doctor of Law who was troubled with a Hickup for twelve days together and Forestus makes mention of an old Woman that Hickupp'd many times for half a year together To suppress this Hickupping those Medicaments are most proper which loosen and remove the sharp and biting humors from the Tunicles of the Stomach such are Vomiting Medicines
on and then the Girdle girt about his Breast just under the Arm-pits as hard as he could well endure it and so Button'd This done he presently felt a great deal of ease and fetch'd his Breath much more freely and strongly The fourteenth of March his spitting of Blood together with his Cough quite left him this Cere-Cloth lay on a Month by which time the Muscles of his Breast were so closed that the Patient had no need of any other Medicins and sounded his Trumpet again without his Girdle however I advised him to wear his Girdle especially when he told me that he blew his Trumpet with more ease when he had it on ANNOTATIONS THIS Patient would swallow nothing but only a Laxative Medicament which made me fear he would fall into a Consumption for besides his spitting of Blood his strength was so wasted that he could not sit upright in his Bed but was forced to lye upon his Back But when I found that weakness proceeded meerly from a defect of Motion in the Instruments of Respiration I recovered him contrary to the expectation of all Men by the said Cere-cloth and Girdle Nor was the least part of the Cure to be ascribed to the Girdle for so soon as I had bound his Breast tite he could sit up in his Bed and fetch his Breath much more freely Many of these Trumpeters striving to out-vie one another strain themselves in their Sounding to that degree that often-times they become Bursten or spit Blood and many times crack the Thread of their own Lives As we saw in November 1641. at what time one of Captain Bax's Trumpeters striving to out-do the rest in Sounding broke a great Vein in his Lungs which bled in such abundance that within two hours he Expir'd OBSERVATION LVIII An Hysterical Suffocation RIcherda a Maid belonging to the Lady of Nassau was troubled with a vehement Hysterical Suffocation accompany'd with a grumbling in her Belly and sometimes with Vomiting and raving talk she said she contracted this Distemper by sitting in a cold House of Office exposed to the Wind which she received up into her Body The ninth of Ianuary because she was bound I gave her a gentle Purgative which gave her five Stools upon which day she was clear of her Fit But the next Night her Fit was more violent and the next day very greivous the Fit went off very well with the Smoak of Partridge Feathers held to her Nose besides that we gave her a Ball of Assa Faetida made up with Castor and Galbanum to hold in her hand and smell to ever and anon toward Evening two hours before her Grand Fit she fell into such Deliriums that she talked idly and had several Inclinations to Vomit but nothing came up but what she had eaten or drank before the Fit went off again with the Smoak of Partridge Feathers and the following Emplaster was applied to her Navel â„ž Castor ℈ j. Benzoin ℈ j. Oppoponax Sagapen dissolved in Vinegar an ℈ â—…j mix them and spread them upon a peice of Leather of a hands breadth I gave her also an Hysterical draught but that she brought up again within an hour The eleventh of Ianuary she took the following Apozem ever now and then â„ž Roots of Masterwort Valerian Dittany an Ê’iij Leaves of Mug-wort Peny-royal Feverfew an M. j. Seeds of Lovage Wild Carrots Ê’ij Common water q. s. Boyl them to a pint and a half All that day she took of this and never vomited but without any benefit her deliriums and ravings returned by Intervalls toward Evening I gave her this Powder in a little Ale â„ž Castor ℈ s. Oriental Saffron gr v. Trochischs of Myrrh ℈ s. make them into Powder All this did no good therefore the twelfth of Ianuary when the Symptoms began again to appear I gave her only Ê’j of Yellow Amber prepared and pulveriz'd with a little Ale which Powder when she had taken within an hour all the Symptoms miraculously vanished but in the Evening when she began to perceive some fore-bodings of her Distemper the same Powder was given her again and so she slept quietly all the next Night the thirteenth and fourteeeth when she perceived any grumbling in the lower part of her Belly she took the same Powder again Morning and Evening which quite recovered her ANNOTATIONS AMber is said to be a prevalent Remedy in Hysterical Distempers by a peculiar Faculty the effect of which when I found by this Experiment I made use of it again with great success in the like Cases The Smoak of Patridge Feathers is very effectual also in the time of the Fit of which I also made use upon the like occasions with the same good fortune With these Feathers Forestus freed a Hysteric Woman from her Fits when all other Remedies fail'd as he writes himself and therefore he always kept them by him as being endued with an occult quality for that purpose Gradus Bottonus Riverius and Others commend the same beside that it is a Remedy well known among the Women Most Physitians extol the Smoak of Hair Horns Old Shoes and Rags burnt and held to the Nose Galen and Priscian commend the smell of Rue and the same Effects are produced by Galbanum Castor Assa Faetida and such like stinking Smells held to the Nostrils Leonellus compounds a Ball of Castor Ê’iij Assa Faetida Galbanum an Ê’ij Wax q. s. to incorporate them Among all the Remedies says Bottonus that that soonest recals Women out of their Fits is a Fumigation of the Powder of Wens that grew upon Horses Legs dryed in a hot Oven burnt upon the Coals and held to the Nostrils This Powder is commended also by Augenius and other Physitians But though these stinking and loathsome Fumigations tryed by common Experience and by Galen Avicen and other Famous Physitians are made use of and extolled as the best and most present Remedies in these Uterine Suffocations yet there are some who utterly reject and disapprove them Thus Cleopatra and Moschio disparage them as vain and frivolous Capivaccius writes that they do very ill who at first make use of Frictions and Fumigations for he would have the whole Body first Evacuated and in the first place the Uterine Parts Duretus writes that ill Smells nothing avail in Suffocations that proceed from Menstruous Suppressions or Suppression of the Seed but do more harm then good which Mercatus also affirms But that they are only proper when the Womb moves of it self to the Liver and sticks to it However with their good leave this Opinion seems very repugnant to the Doctrine of Hippocrates whom in all Uterine Suffocations prescribes stinking things but for the lower Parts recommends sweet Fumes as also the Fumes of Castor and Fleabane As for the Suffocation when the Womb ascends voluntarily to the Liver 't is hardly credible there should be any such thing in Nature For the Womb never moves of it self but when it is forced by some
after that was delivered of another Boy and both lived in good Health Therefore we must conclude the last Conception had Nourishment enough in the Womb and was strong and consequently able to retain it self in the Womb during the delivery of the other in regard the Woman's Labour was easie and without any violence OBSERVATION LXI Worms in the Head THE Son of a certain Treasurer of Iuliers a Young Lad about twelve Years of Age from his Child-hood had been always troubled with Worms in his Head at length his Mother by the advice of a Quack washed and daubed his Head with I know not what Lotions and Oyntments and so the Worm was kill'd by which the Mountebank thought to have got himself a great name in the Town but within a few days after the Boy began to complain of a Pain in his Head which every day increasing at the Months end was so intollerable that I was sent for but all to no purpose after tryal of all external and internal Medicaments at nine Weeks end Epileptic Convulsions seiz'd him which in a few days turned to a vehement Epilepsie which afflicted him at first every day then every hour then every quarter of an hour at length the Child died his Head being open'd the Hard Meninx was all over of a red Colour and very Black in that part next the upper-part of the Head somewhat toward the the left side this being dissected there came forth a Blackish and watry Goar which had lain between both the Meninxes the substance of the Brain was very little altered but in the Ventricles of it there was a kind of greenish Humour watry yet not very clammy but the quantity very small in other things there was no alteration ANNOTATIONS IN this manner it was that these Worms were cured by this Mountebank However he was wise in this that upon Notice of the Boys Death he sneaked out of Nimeghen perhaps afraid I should upbraid him with the Death of this Patient like an Ignoramus as he was who had stopp'd up the way by which Nature voided the noxious Excrements of the Brain before he had made any diversion OBSERVATION LXII A Tertian and Intermitting Fever THE Wife of Monsieur de Spieck a strong Child-bearing-Woman the second Week after she was brought to Bed found her self very well but trusting too much to her strength got out of her Bed walked about the Chamber and eat a bit of a dry'd Neats-Tongue but at the end of the third Week she was seiz'd with a violent double Tertian Intermitting Fever with an extraordinary Heat continual Waking her Stomach quite lost unquenchable Thirst with several other bad Symptoms The twenty second of August I was sent for when I found her very anxious and weak and in the midst of her second Fit which most People thought would have carry'd her off I gave her presently Bezoar Stone ℈ s. Confection Hyacinth ℈ j. with six Drams of our Treacle-water which as she said soon after gave her some ease to quench her Thirst I gave her this Julep which pleased her so well that she drank nothing else all the time of her Distemper ℞ Waters of Carduus Benedict Succoury Borage an lb. s. Syrup of Limons ℥ j. s. Violets ℥ j. Oyl of Sulphur q. s. to make it grateful to the Pallat. Toward the Evening I prescribed this Infusion which she took the next Morning ℞ Leaves of Senna well cleans'd ℥ s. Rubarb the best ʒj s. Rhenish Tartar Anniseed an ʒj Succoury water q. s. Steep them all Night the next day boyl them gently then press them strongly adding Syrup of Roses Solutive ℥ s. For a Draught This gave her four Stools which brought away much stinking Excrement and gave her great ease after the Purge I prescribed her Chicken Broth with Sorrel and Chervil boiled together in it with a little juice of Citron to relish it and to quench her Thirst still gave her the Julep before mentioned The next Night she slept indifferently and when she waked found her heat much abated the next expected Fit was so slight that she was hardly sensible of it nor did the Fever after that appear any more being vanquished by these Medicins only ANNOTATIONS CHild-bearing Women not careful of themselves when they lye in oft-times pay for their Rashness as this Gentlewoman did As also did a Neighbour of Ours who going abroad too soon fell into a continued Fever upon which first a Frenzy and then Death ensued Another of our Acquaintance the second week of her Month looking to soon after her House Affairs and presuming to Combe her Head fell into an Epilepsie upon which a Delirium ensued which Maladies though at length they were much abated yet could they never be cured all the while the Gentle-Woman lived OBSERVATION LXIII A Bleeding at the Nose THeodore Bijl about fifty five Years of Age in August about four a Clock in the Morning was taken with a Bleeding at his right Nostril Three hours after being sent for for revulsion I ordered the Chyrurgeon to open a Vein in his right Arm with a large Orifice and to take away ten Ounces of Blood which done by applying cold Water to his Neck and Forhead the Bleeding was stay'd three days after being invited to a Feast where he drank Wine a little too freely upon his return home he was again taken with the same Malady and bled all that Night before I was sent for the next day I ordered him to be let Blood as before but to no purpose nor durst we repeat Blood-letting in regard of his Age and his strength nor would he permit any Tents to be put up into his Nostrils and therefore we apply'd a little lock of Tow moisten'd with this mixture to his Forhead ℞ Bole Armoniack ʒij s. Bloodstone Mastick Frnkincense Red Coral an ℈ ij The white of one Egg. Vinegar of Roses q. s. mix them together Moreover Oxocrate which is actually cold was applied to his Neck Forehead and Testicles and Revulsions by Ligatures and Painful Frictions of the extream Parts and by Cupping Glasses applied to his Shoulders which avail'd nothing at length after the bleeding had continued above thirty six hours and the strength of the Patient through loss of Blood was very much exhausted then he was forced to admit of Astringents to be thrust up into his Nostrils therefore when we had cleansed his Nostrils from the clotted Blood we ordered a Powder of Trochischs of Myrrh of Bole-Armoniac Mastick and Frankincense to be blown through a Quill into his Nostrils and withal thrust up a thick Tent made of Linnen about a Fingers length dipt in Vinegar and the white of an Egg and sprinkled with the same Powder by which means the bleeding seemed to stop for two or three hours but afterwards the Blood began to descend through his Palate into his Mouth and the Tent falling out he bled again at the Nostril Then after we had once more cleansed his
Nostril we blew up the same Powder again and thrust up a peice of Chalk in the form of a Tent so big as to fill the whole Concavity of the Nostril which stopped the bleeding presently however to be sure we let the Chalk stay in three days and so for this time the Patient escaped a most threatning danger the next Year in Autunm the same bleeding took him again for the stopping of which after he had used a whole Day and a Night certain idle old Women's Remedies in vain when his strength was almost Exhausted he sent again for me and then with the same means of a Chalk Tent I presently stopped the Bleeding as I had done before but not long after his Liver being refrigerated and weakned through the loss of so much Blood being seiz'd at the same time with a Dropsy and an Asthma he ended his days ANNOTATIONS AN excessive Bleeding at the Nose when Symptomatical and not Critical in regard it occasions the Dropsie a Cachexy and other greivous Maladies is to be stopped with all the speed imaginable This is cured by revulsion of the Blood flowing to the Nostrils by repelling the Blood from the Nostrils by thickning the Blood and by shutting the opened Veins The best and suddainest way to draw back the Blood is by opening a Vein in the Arm on that side which is affected by which means Galen affirms that he has suddainly stopped violent Bleedings at the Nostrils Most Physitians believe a little Orifice is best and to take away the Blood in a small quantity and at several times But we are for a large Orifice that the Blood may freely spin forth which causes a swifter revulsion Cupping-glasses also are are prevalent Revulsives Thus Galen stopped a bleeding in a Young Man by applying a Cuping-glass to his Hypochondriums Forestus cured a desperate Bleeding at the Nose by Cupping-glasses applied to the foot which Experiment we have frequently try'd with success Cupping-glasses apply'd to the shoulders are not so well liked by many because they draw the Blood from the lower Parts to the upper Crato commends the painful bending of the little-finger on the side affected of the same Nature are Frictions and painful Ligatures of the Extream Parts and an Actual Cautery applied to the Soles of the Feet by which means Zacutus writes that he cured a most desperate bleeding at the Nose The Blood is repelled from the Nostrils with Vinegar cold Water or Oxymel applyed to the Temples and Neck or with Cataplasms of Bole sealed Earth Mastic Frankincense Vinegar Whites of Eggs and the like to which may be added Plantain Pimpernel and other astringent and cooling Herbs gathered fresh and bruised Snails with their Shells mixed with Frankincense and Vinegar and applied to the Forehead and Nostrils are much commended Riverius commends Parget kneaded with Vinegar and laid upon the Forehead and Nostrils about the thickness of two Fingers Others prefer Vinegar alone or Oxymel snuft up into the Nostrils or cold Water dashed unawares in the Face Actius commends the Steam of Vinegar pour'd upon a red hot Tile Says Pachequus being sent for to a Countryman who bled so excessively that he was just at Deaths door I dropt into the contrary Ear to the Nostril that bleed some drops of Vinegar of Roses and presently the Bleeding stopped This I learnt from Dr. Pontuado who saw this Remedy made use of by a Dutch Physitian Thickning of the Blood is performed by cooling astringent and thickning Medicaments taken inwardly and outwardly applied such are Oxymel and cold Water and the repelling Medicines already mentioned Thus Hildan by wrapping the whole Body of the Party in Linnen Cloaths dipped in Oxymel stopped a Bleeding of which the Cure was dispaired of The Veins are shut by astringent and glutinying Medicaments thrust up into the Nostrils Galen mixes Frankincense and Aloes reduced into Powder with the White of an Egg and with a Linnen Cloth first strewed with Hare's Hair put up into the Nostrils The Moss that grows upon dead Mens Skulls exposed to the Air powdered and put up any way into the Nostrils is accounted a most effectual and present Remedy For my part I have always found the Benefit of a round piece of Chalk Cotten dipt in Ink and thrust up into the Nostrils is a very good Remedy Hogs-dung if applied while warm or warmed with Bole-armoniac and Vinegar is accounted a Specific if applied to the Forehead and Temples smelt to or thrust up into the Nostrils by which means I knew a Noble German cured of a desperate Bleeding at the Nose Rodoric a Castro and Zacutus commend Asses-dung used in the same manner the Powder of Mans Blood dried and Snails burnt with the Shells and Frogs burnt and blown up into the Nostrils is by some no less esteemed Pereda tells us of his curing an old Woman that had bled for three days with only thrusting up Mint into her Nostrils The Juice of Nettles either taken inwardly or applied to the Nostrils or else Nettles bruifed and laid to the Forehead by a Specific Quality stop Bleeding Lastly Riverius applauds for a present Remedy Spikenard finely powdered and one dram given in Broth Plantain or other proper Liquor which not only by a Specific quality but by strengthening the Liver stops Blood OBSERVATION LXIV The French Pox. A Certain Captain about sixty Years of Age complained of a very dry Cough which had troubled him for two or three Months together with some difficulty of Breathing and a very great Pain in his Chest he had eaten very little in two Months his Stomack was so bad which had reduced him to a very low and weak condition though he did not keep his Bed his Head and Shoulders aked extreamely but cheifly in the Night he had a Pain in his Loins he made water very often but very little and when he had need he must do it presently for he could not hold his water sometimes his Urin was very sharp and pain'd him in passing through besides that it died his Shirt of a Safforn or reddish Colour more then this he had found himself impotent for a whole Year together By these Signs I judged him to be troubled with the French Disease more especially because he confess'd he had been a long time troubled with a Gonorrhea which an unskilful Chyrurgeon had stopped without any preceding Purgation which occasioned these Symptoms that every day increased He had also been pepper'd with the Distemper about ten Years before and was known to be a common frequenter of leud Company As for the inward Pain of his Chest and dry Cough I knew they proceeded from his immoderate taking Tobacco sometimes fifty and when he took least thirty Pipes a day First therefore I prescribed him a proper Diet and among other things enjoyned him to leave off his excessive taking Tobacco allowing him three or four Pipes a day for fear the total forsaking of an inveterate Custom might do him an injury
Galbanum dissolved in Vinegar â„¥ j Soft and whitish Bedellium Ê’ij Powder of Feverfew Ê’j s. Myrrh ℈ j. Mix them for a Plaister Forestus affirms that a Plaister of Galbanum alone has done Miracles but that he had found by daily Experience the extraordinary benefit of the following Magisterial Emplaster which he spreads upon Leather edg'd about with Galbanum to make it stick the better â„ž Gallia Moscata Alipta Moscata Storax Calam. Pure Laudanum Mastic an â„¥ Lignum Aloes Xylobalsamum Galangal Cyperus Carpobalsamum an Ê’iij Red Roses Ê’j s. New Wax lb. s. Turpentine q. s. Make a Plaister according to Art OBSERVATION LXVII A Burstenness in the Groin with a Gangrene THomas Adeler an English Trooper about sixty years of age had had a burstenness in his left Groin for many years In the Year 1637. in September the Gut which fell down into the Burstenness being distended with a great quantity of Wind hapned to break so that the Ordure fell down into the void Space of the Burstenness This presently caused a Gangrene of the Part with an intollerable Stench by which means the Part being putrified and broken the Ordure of the Belly came forth at that Hole never at the Fundament Being sent for though I thought him incurable yet I ordered Spirit of Wine with Mel Rosatum and Oyntment Egyptiacum to be applied to the Part till the Gangrenous Parts were separated from the sound Parts Then we found that the Gut was not only broken but quite broken off the one Part from the other and that the upper Part hung out and gave passage to the Excrement The end of this Intestine afterwards grew fleshy and acquired a kind of a fleshy Ring and this Ring cleaved afterwards so fast to the neighbouring Flesh so that for the future the Intestine remained always fix'd and open in that Part and gave passage to the Excrement So that we ordered him to carry a little brass Pot so ordered and hung as to give him the least trouble that might be and thus in all other Parts sound and healthy he walk'd abroad where-ever he pleased and in nine years that he was forced to carry about him that troublesome Burthen he was never sick ANNOTATIONS THis is a tare and remarkable Example I never thought before that a broken Gut could grow to the adjoyning Flesh in the Groyn till I was a Witness of it in this Patient True it is that if a Gut happen to break among the fleshy Muscles of the Abdomen such a Coalition may sometimes happen as Plater observes A certain Captain says he being wounded in his Belly voided his Excrements through a Pipe which was left there after the Wound was cured and was for many years afterward alive and well The Cause of which when I examined I found that Wounds of the Guts if they seem to trace the fleshy Portions of the Muscles of the Abdomen after the Lips of the Wounds of the Guts and muscly Flesh are glutinated on both sides there may be a Passage made for the Excrement to come forth and be prevented from falling into the Cavity of the Abdomen and that those Wounds although they cannot be consolidated yet they are not Mortal which though very seldom happens sometimes in other Parts as in the Bladder Iohn Hornung also a Physician of Heydenheim tells a Story of a Country Man whose right Gut upon a Wound in the Abdomen came forth opened with a broad Wound nor was it put back by the Chyrurgeon but the Wound of the Abdomen being cured hung out as long as the Man lived retaining its natural Colour yet somewhat more thick and more fleshy and through this Passage it was that the Excrement came always forth with an extraordinary Stench forsaking the common Road of the Fundament OBSERVATION LXVIII A Pining Consumption caused by a vitiated Stomach MOnsieur de Nassau a Captain of Horse in the Flower of his Age in the Year 1637. during the Siege of Breda in September as he lay in his Bed all in a Sweat hearing some Troops of Horse march by his Window leap'd out of his Bed opened his Casement and stood looking out for some time and by that time became suddenly overcool'd by a North Wind at that time cold and tempestuous fell into a violent Distemper Presently he complained of an extraordinary Griping in his Belly about the Region of his Stomach he had also withal a slight Fever with a violent Cough which brought up much clammy flegmatick ill-coloured Matter yet without any Pain in his Breast Several of the most eminent Physicians were sent for who by his Spittle his Cough and other Symptoms concluded that his Disease was a real Consumption and that incurable and told the Prince of Orange that he would suddenly dye As for the Pain in his Belly those they unanimously agreed to be the Cholic Passion caused by the suddain Cold. To asswage this Pain which they call'd the Cholic they used several Remedies for a long time which gave ease sometimes but never cur'd which they affirmed was impossible to be done To abate his Cough they made him an Issue in his Left-arm and gave him the following Apozeme to take for many Weeks â„ž China Roots the best â„¥ j. Leaves of Scabious Colts-foot Betony Pimâ—…ernel Plantain an m. j. Cordial Flowers an one small Handful ston'd Raisins â„¥ j. Licorice shav'd Ê’ij Anise-seed ℈ iiij Boil them in Barley water of the second Decoction q. s. to lb ij For an Apozeme For an ordinary Looch they gave him equal Parts of Syrup of Poppy and Cumfrey Also they prescribed him a cold Diatragacanth in Tablets and to loosen his Belly they gave him this small Potion â„ž Rhubarb choice Ê’j Yellow Saunders ℈ s. Decoction of Barley â„¥ iij. Infuse them all Night and to the Straining add Manna of Calabria â„¥ s. For a Potion This gave him one or two Stools Now when they had had the Gentleman two Months and a half and all their Physick did no good insomuch that the Gentleman was reduced to Skin and Bone and his Strength every day more and more decay'd they would give him no more Physic but gave him over for incurable Then I was thought of and the Gentleman was brought from Breda to Nimeghen in a Man of War The Gentleman gave me a full Accompt of his Distemper and what had been done to him and shewed me the Receits that had been prescribed him and which he had taken So that when I had considered all things I could not be of those Physicians Opinion For by his Spittle and Cough he shewed no Signs of a Consumption for though he brought up tough and ill-coloured Stuff yet neither was it Matter nor Blood The Pain of his Stomach was no Cholic as being fixed in his Stomach and not accompanied with Wind but twitching the Ventricle with extream Pains by Intervals not wandring through the Guts Therefore I judged the Cause of this Pain to be a
salt Flegm caused by the first sudden Refrigeration and adhering to the Ventricles of the Stomach which fermenting at Intervals through the afflux of Choler or sharp Rhume caused those cruel Gripings Other things also shewed the Stomach to be offended as loss of Appetite inclination to vomit troublesome Belches Crudities c. The Cough I looked upon as caused by Defluctions falling upon the Lungs which were continually fed by the crude Vapors carried from the ill affected Stomach to the Head and thence falling down again upon the Breast the Gentleman thus satisfied with my Conjectures in order to the Cure upon the twenty sixth of November I laid him on upon his Head a Cap or Quilt of Cephalic Herbs and other hot Ingredients which he wore all that Winter I ordered him a warning and attenuating Diet Meats of good Juice and easie of Digestion to which Diet I left him wholly without giving him any other Physic for three or four days because of his extraordinary Weakness Within a few days his stinking and ill-coloured Spittle his Brain being corroborated by the help of the Quilt and his Defluxions ceasing became white and of its natural Consistence and neither so much nor so clammy as before The thirtieth of November the Pains of his Stomach began to gripe him not extending themselves beyond the Region of the Stomach yet so terrible that they seemed to surpass the Pains of Child-bed To asswage this Pain I gave him one Dram of our Anticholic Electuary by five a clock in the Morning and again at eleven at Noon but this would not stir the Pain Thereupon I applied to his Breast a Cere-cloth of Storax Benzoin Castor Galbanum all over the Region of his Stomach The first of December the Patient would swallow no Physic only he took a Glister that gave him one Stool The next day he having taken Pill Ruffiae had three Stools but his Pain nothing abated so that his Strength being extreamly wasted by the Violence thereof we were forced to Narcotics of which I made choice of the hotest by its heat to strengthen the Stomach and digest and cut the clammy cold Humors and by its Narcotic Faculty to asswage the Pain To which purpose I gave him about Night one Dram of Philonium Romanum prepared with Euphorbium which allay'd the Pains within three hours The third of December he took several times that day a small quantity of the following Conditement â„ž Specier Diamosch Diambra an ℈ j. s. Diagalanga ℈ j. Roots of Calamus Aromaticus condited Conserve of Anthos an â„¥ s. Preserved Nutmegs Ê’ij Confection of Alkermes ℈ â—…j Syrup of Limon q. s. Oyl of Cinnamon gutt ij For a Conditement About Night his Pains began to return again but not with that vehemency The next day taking Pill Ruffiae he had three Stools Toward Evening by his Pulse I found him somewhat feverish but upon taking this small Potion the Fever vanished â„ž Treacle of Andromac Ê’j Of our Treacle-water â„¥ j s. Oyl of Vitriol gutt vij For a Draught The fifth of December the Pain in his Stomach was very gentle his Cough and Spitting ceased but some beginnings of a Fever appeared which upon taking this Apozem vanished â„ž Succory Roots of Asparagus an â„¥ j. Of Elecampane â„¥ s. Herbs Endive Centaury the less Roman Wormwood an M. j. Carduus Ben. M. s. Anise-seed Ê’j s. Corrents â„¥ ij Orange and Citron Peels dried an Ê’iij Boil them in common Water q. s. for an Apozem to lbj. s. In the Evening I gave him an Amigdalate which caused him to sleep which was continued for three days during which time feeding now and then upon Chicken-broth his Strength was somewhat recovered All this while there was somewhat troubled the Patient's Stomach which he could not well express in Words only that something ascended up now and then to his Throat this spoiled his Appetite and hindred his Digestion and as the Patient believed was that from which the Fits derived their Original therefore to extirpate this Malady I gave him the following Antimoniate Wine â„ž Crocus Metallorum of our Preparation gr xv Strong French Wine â„¥ iiij Steep them all Night the next Morning strain them through a double brown Paper for a Draught He took this Potion the twelfth of December at eight of the clock in the Morning At nine a clock he had an Inclination to Vomit but brought up nothing but a little after he brought up some few Lumps like Glew and of a greenish Colour About eleven a clock his Anxiety ceasing he had seventeen watry Stools of a mixed Colour without any Gripes however because his Strength was much impaired we refreshed him with Cinnamon-water and Sugar In the Evening I gave him a Draught of generous Wine with a Dram of Treacle and so the next Night he slept indifferent well The next day he perceived the thing that troubled him in his Stomach to be gone which he never felt more From that time his Stomach began to come to him and he eat three Porringers of Broth that day and digested them well The following days he was so hungry that he not only eat three or four times a day but sometimes at Midnight the two first days he was fed with Broths variously prepared the third day be began to eat boil'd Chickens Lamb Veal c. and sometimes to drink a Glass of Wine the fourth he came to roasted Meats and so fell to his accustomed Diet and so in a short time he recovered his former Strength OBSERVATION LXIX Nephritic Pains MOnsieur Bronkherst Lord of Werdenburgh in the Flower of his Youth and a great Lover of Rhenish-wine was taken the twenty sixth of December with most cruel Nephritic Pains not without some obstruction of his Urine Six years before being troubled with the same Pain he had voided a little Stone but after that he had not had the least touch of the Malady nor so much as voided any Gravel To asswage the Pain I gave him an Emollient Glister then prescribed him this Mixture â„ž Oyl of sweet Almonds new drawn â„¥ iij. s. Iuice of Limons Ê’vj Malmsey-wine â„¥ iij. Mix them for three Doses to take once in three hours The following Liniment was also laid warm to his Loins â„ž Oyls of Scorpions Lawrel bitter Almonds an â„¥ s. Of Cammomil Dill Turpentine an Ê’ij Mix them Toward Evening his Pains ceased in the Night making Water freely he voided a rough unequal Stone about the bigness of a Pea. The fourteenth of Ianuary having exposed himself to the Cold in vehement Weather his Pains returned at what time taking the same Mixture again he voided another Stone and was again freed from his Pains But for the future Prevention I advised him to swallow every other day a Pill of transparent Aloes or a Bolus of Venice Turpentine and sometimes to use Fernelius's Syrup de Althea but above all things to forbear the use of Rhenish-wine ANNOTATIONS THE Reason why Rhenish-wine
other OBSERVATION LXXII The Scurvey AGnes Alberti a Maid of about twenty four years of Age complained of a dull heavy Pain in her left Side under the Bastard Ribs as also of a certain Chilliness of her whole Spine She had also certain cold Shakings frequent Debilities and fainting Fits which presently went off besides she had certain black and blew Spots upon her Thighs moreover her Teeth were loose and her Gums eaten away she had an ill Smelling By these Signs I judged her to have the Scurvy But in regard it was in the midst of a hard frosty Winter when no proper Herbs were to be got and because the Extremity of the Cold would not permit of Purgation I only prescribed her this following Electuary to take of it the quantity of a Nutmeg three times a day and all the while to observe a good Diet ℞ Specier Diambrae of Aromaticum Rosatum Seed of Bishops-weed and Parsley an ℈ ij Nasturtium Cremor Tartar an ʒiij Choice Cinnamon ʒj Sal Prunella ℈ j. Reduce them into a very sine Powder Then ℞ Long fat Raisins q. s. Boil them in Wine till they are soft and strain the Pulp through a hair Sieve ℞ Of this Pulp lbs. and mix the whole Powder with it together with Oyl of Anise and Iuniper an ℈ j. Syrup of Limons q. s. For an Electuary I would willingly have mixed some bitter things but she had an Aversion to them I advised her also if there were any Winter Scurvy-grass or Nasturtium to be got to steep those Herbs in small Ale or Wine and then to boil them gently and to take that Decoction deferring the rest of the Cure till April in the mean time to fix and fasten her Teeth I prescribed the following alum-Alum-water ℞ Powder Alum ʒj Common VVater ℥ vj. Cinnamon-water ℥ j. Mix them to wash the Mouth After she had made use of these things a while she felt a great ease and the Spots of her Thighs vanished The twenty sixth of April the following Apozem was prepared for her of which after she had taken three or four times and purged her Body twice she was quite freed from her Distemper ℞ Pylypody of the Oak Rind of Caper-roots an ℥ j. Roots of Fennel Eryngos Stone-parsley Elecampane an ℥ s. Fumary Dodder Lesser Centaury the whole Dandelyon an m. j. Roman VVormwood Flowers of Elder an m. s. Seeds of Parsley Anise Fennel Nasturtium an ʒj s. Currants ℥ ij Rhenish Tartar ℥ j. Common VVater q. s. Boil them according to Art adding at the end Root of wild Raddish ℥ j. Herbs Scurvy-grass VVater-Nasturtium Brook-lime an m. j. To make an Apozem of lb ji ANNOTATIONS MAny believe the Scurvy to be of the number of those new Diseases which Dodoneus writes were first known in Brabant in the Year 1556 though epidemic for some years before among the Belgians Danes and other Northern Regions However Hippocrates describes a certain Disease call'd the Bloody Volvulus very like the Scurvy if not in all things yet in most as a stinking Mouth starting of the Gums from the Teeth bleeding at the Nose Ulcers upon the Thighs some going off others newly come the Skin emaciated and black Sloathfulness and Inability to work or walk Pliny describes this Disease by the Name of Sceleturbe where he says that there was a new Disease in Germanicus's Camp beyond the Rhine which caus'd shedding of Teeth and loosned the Joynts of the Knees But that there was a Root which was found out for it which was called Britannica good for the Nerves and Maladies of the Mouth having a long Leaf and a black Root For as in the French Disease Guaiacum Sassaperil and some few other things are Specific so has this Disease certain proper Antidotes as Spoon-wort the Nasturtiums Brook-lime Fumitory wild Radish c. with some other bitter things that are not purgative OBSERVATION LXXIII A Weakness of the Stomach CAptain de Gone about fifty years of age for some Weeks had been troubled with a Weakness of his Stomach which had both lost its Appetite and Concoction accompanied with troublesome Belches and a nauceousness After I had prescribed him a proper Diet to cleanse his Stomach from Crudities and cold and viscous Humors I prescribed him this Apozeme to take at four times four Mornings together ℞ Roots of Elecampane Mecoacan Fennel an ℥ s. Calamus Aromat Galangale an ʒij Herbs Mint Rosemary Nipp Marjoram lesser Centaury an m. j. Wormwood Baum Hyssop an m. s. Seed of Carthamum ℥ j. Of Fennel Caroways an ʒij Raisins stoned ℥ ij Common Water q. s. Boil them and add toward the end White Agaric ʒij Leaves of Senna cleansed ℥ j. s. Anise-seed ʒv This gave him three or four Stools a day so that after he had thus purged I ordered him to take an hour before Dinner and Supper a Dose of this Powder in a Draught of generous Wine ℞ Root of Calamus Arom Specier Diagalangae Diambra an ʒj s. Mace Choice Cinnamon Ginger an ʒj Make a Powder to be divided into ten equal Doses I advised him also in a Morning to drink a Draught of Wormwood-Wine and these few means restored his Stomach to its former Strength ANNOTATIONS IN cold Distempers of the Stomach besides those already mentioned Observation 5. 8. there are several others which are highly commended by Physitians Some extol the use of Turpentine and call it the true Balsam of the Bowels in regard it gently heats purges and cleanses the Bowels Zechius highly commends this Bolus and says there is nothing better can be used ℞ Clear Turpentine ʒj Mastich powdered ʒs Powder of Aromaticum Rosatum ℈ s. Make a Bolus to be given two hours before Meat Some there are that boil up Turpentine into the Form of Pills but erroneously for that the more effectual vertue of the Turpentine exhales in boiling Balsam of Perue is an admirable thing to strengthen the Stomach if you take some few Drops of it in strong Wine before Meat Crollius commends his Elixir Proprietatis Hartman and others prefer Zedoary before all other things The Decoctions of Guaiacum and Sassafras are very good Distilled Oils also are very proper of Cloves Anise Carroways Cinnamon Nutmegs and the like given in some few Drops of strong Wine The following digestive Powder is also very much used to help Concoction ℞ Coriander prepared ℥ j. sweet Fennel-seed and Aniseseed an ʒij Cinnamon Cloves an ʒs Sugar ℥ iij. Reduce them into Powder the Dose one Spoonful after Meals Wormwood also taken any way is very much commended as Galen testifies who cured a Woman that had lost her Stomach and so weak that she could get no Food down with only Wormwood-wine Therefore says Montagna among Medicines which strengthen the Appetite and Digestion and open the Obstructions thereof and cleanse away and dries up the Matters therein contained Wormwood is the most famous and all Wormwood Medicines whether Julebs or Confections Langius's Electuary is also
Obstruction of the Spleen JUstin de Nassau a Noble Youth about six Years of Age about the end of April began to be troubled with an obstruction of his Spleen which within a Fortnight encreased to that degree that the hard Spleen bunched out almost half as big as a Mans Fist when I came I felt the Boy 's Spleen with my hand and perceived the Child otherwise chearful then grown Melancholy like an Elder Person but in regard he loath'd Physic I only prescribed him a proper Diet and ordered him only Ê’ s. of Tartar Pulverized every Morning and Evening in a little Broth I also order'd the following Emplaster to be laid upon his Spleen which after it had lain on ten days and then but once shifted the hardness vanished and the obstruction was dissipated â„ž Gum Ammoniac Galbanum dissolved in Vinegar an â„¥ j. Emplaster of Melilot Ê’iij Mix them and spread them upon red Leather OBSERVATION LXXXII A Suffocation of the Womb. GOdefrida ab Essem a Woman about thirty Years of Age had been troubl'd with an Uterin Suffocation for which she had taken in vain several things that had been given her by Midwives and other Women her Fits increasing I was sent for and found her somewhat red in the Face but altogether senseless only she breath'd and that but very little neither The Woman cry'd out her Womb was got up to her Throat which was Impossible but indeed I felt a certain hardness in the upper Region of her Stomach that moved up and down from one side to the other about the bigness of a Mans Fist therefore because she was not in a condition to swallow any thing I ordered her Temples and the inside of her Nostrils to be rubbed with Oyl of Amber distilled by descent Then I ordered the Midwife with her middle Finger smear'd with three or four grains of Civet to fret the sides of the Matrix within side while another Woman with all her strength forced down the hardness and thus within a quarter of an hour the Woman after she had ejected a putrid sort of Seed came to her self again nor had she ever after any more Fits ANNOTATIONS THat sweet Odours applyed below draw down the Womb not only the Authority of Authors but Experience tells us Therefore Galen says that perfumes which heat and loosen do good because they heat Those that heat attenuate also and loosen by which means what is thick and difficultly moveable is easily Purged out through the open Pores Moreover that they have a faculty to dispel Wind which is very troublesome in Uterine Suffocations Aegineta advises the pouring of most Odoriferous Oyntments iâ—…to the Womb and Aetius would have the Womb fumigated with Spices that have a faculty of loosning sweating and expelling Wind. However care is to be had how you hold these sweet Odours to the Nose least you encrease the Suffocation by oppressing the Head In this case some Physitians make use of many sweet Scents but for my part I only make use of Musk mixt with a little Oyl of Lillies and many times order a Woman to fret and sitillate the inside of the Orifice with Musk only which has produced wonderful Effects Frication with the Finger alone helps to a miracle and is commended by Galen Avicen Valesco de Tarenta Simon Betreino though indeed there is nothing like present Copulation where it is to be done with allowance so that indeed for a Woman in the same Condition with our Patient there is no such Remedy as a Husband Thus Duretus being call'd to a Woman under a Hysterical Suffocation and finding her in a Fit as cold as Ice and her Husband by order'd him to have to do with her which he did and the Woman presently recovered OBSERVATION LXXXIII An Erysipelas or St. Anthony's Fire in the Thigh MOnsieur Kelfken Consul of Nimeghen had an Erysipelas in his right Thigh with which he had been formerly often troubl'd he was threescore Years of Age and had a very foul Body He had laid upon the Erysipelas Linnen rags dipt in Vinegar and Water of Elder-berry Flowers which somewhat abated the Erysipelas only certain little Blisters rose up here and there as he was wont to have when he used the same Vinegar and Water before upon these Blisters after he had prickt them with a Needle he laid a Leaf of green Tobacco but after it had lain on for three or four days the Skin was more and more exulcerated and a certain gangrenous Particle began to appear upon which the Gentleman sent for a Chyrurgeon who easily cut out that gangrenous Part sticking in the Skin and then endeavoured with various Plaisters to cure the solution anointing the whole Thigh because of the Erysipelas with Galens refrigerating Oyntment and this course he took for six Weeks but when he could do no good I was sent for I found the Patient full of watry and Flegmatic Humors which falling Salt upon his Thigh caused that continual Exulceration this made him loose of Body and his Stomach was indifferent but he had such an Aversion to Physic that he would swallow nothing when I look'd upon his Thigh I found the Plaisters were the cause of the Exulceration of the Neighbouring Parts which by reason of their Fatness and Density they were not able to retain or suck up the Salt and sharp Humors flowing into them the Humors were forced to flow to the Neighbouring parts which they corroded therefore deeming it the best way to perform the Cure with Cataplasms which by reason of their softness might suck and dry up the flowing Humors I prescribed the following Cataplasm without any Oyliness or Fatness â„ž Pomegranate Rinds Flowers of Pomegranates an â„¥ j. Leaves of Oake of Plantain Egrimony Sanicle an Mij Pimpernel Flowers of red Roses an Mj. common water l. iiij boil them to the Consumption of half â„ž Leaves of Oake M. iiij of Egrimony Plantain an Mj. s. Powder them together then ada Bean Flower â„¥ ij of the said Decoction q. s. boil them a little and make a Cataplasm This being oftentimes shifted cured the Ulcer but about three Months after a new Defluction fell upon the Thigh causing a large fiery Erysipelas now unless it were one Purge and one Decoction of China Sarsaperil c. He would take nothing inwardly thereupon the foresaid Cataplasm was laid on which did very well for a time but then a new Defluxion happening with a large Erysipelas the Pains encreased the Ulcer enlarg'd it self and a little after the part gangren'd and there appeared a blackish gangrenous Particle in the outer side of the Thigh about the bigness of a Doller the Chyrurgeon therefore washed the part affected with lukewarm Wine anoynted it with cleansing oyntment of Parsley and laid on the same Cataplasm which caused the gangrenous Particles to fall out then the Ulcer being well cleansed the Cataplasm alone was laid on in the mean time for the more convenient Evacuation of the Humors
no other Remedies â„ž Sowre Leven lb s. Cantharides â„¥ j. Pulp of Figs â„¥ s. Andrew Laurentius recomends this Visicatory â„ž Old Leven â„¥ ij Cantharides Ê’ ij Seed of Mustard and Stavesacre an Ê’iij Beat them together with Strong Vinegar for a Vesicatory Iohn Matthew de Gradibus prepares another of the Seeds of Mustard and Nasturtium Pigeons-dung Decoction of Figs and Venegar which rubifies and raises Blisters which being broken and cleansed with the Decoction of Figs then lay on a Colewort Leaf warm and this he says extirpates the inveterate Pains of the Hips and the Gout Galen Aetius and Paulus prefer a Cataplasm of wild Cresses which raises Blisters and is accounted a peculiar Remedy for these Distempers Schenkeus tells us of a Sciatic who when all other Remedies failed of his own Head took Skins of Hemp macerated with Ashes and having boiled them in strong Vinegar laid them to the place affected as hot as he could endure them This raised several Blisters upon the Skin out of which flowed a great quantity of greenish yellow Water by which means his Pain left him Tagaultius celebrates this Emplaister of Galen and Avicen then which he says there can be none more effectual or that gives such present ease â„ž Mustard and Nettle-seeds Sulphur Froth of the Sea round Birthwort Bdelium an â„¥ j. old Oyl Wax an â„¥ ij For an Emplaister I have found that Emplaister which I prescribed to our Patient with Spainish Soap to have wrought wonderful effects I remember a Young Maid at Montfort miserably troubled with the Gout so that she could neither move Shoulders Arms nor Hips who was cured only with Emplaisters of Spanish Soap mollified in Wine and spread upon Leather which raised Blisters and drew out a great quantity of yellow greenish Water which restored her unexpectedly to her Health in a few weeks OBSERVATION LXXXIX A Wound with a Bullet A Citizen of Nimeghen the twentieth of May 1637. imprudently discharged his Pistol downward so that the Bullet rebounding from the Flint-stone-pavement of the Street hurt a Woman that was passing accidentally by The Bullet had entered the Cavity of her Breast about three Fingers from the Spine of the Back between the fifth and sixth Rib and entring the exteriour substance of the Lungs had made a great Wound in the fourth Rib in the side from the inner part so that the Rib was broken but the Bullet did not pass through but stook in the Cavity of the Breast not round but flat and oblong by hitting against the stone as appeared by the Wound unequal and bigger then usual the Woman was carried wounded home very little Blood Issued from the Wound but the next day with Coughing she threw up a good quantity the danger was great which I foresaw in regard that the Bullet lying upon the Diaphragma could no way be drawn forth out of the Cavity of the Breast as also for that Wounds in the Lungs are difficultly cured because of their continual motion especially when the Wound is made by a Bullet which cannot be done without a great contusion However the Chyrurgeon bound up the Wound and after I had gently purged her Body I prescribed her this Apozem to drink Morning and Evening â„ž Roots of Madder â„¥ j. Eryngos Fennel stone Parsley an â„¥ s. scraped Licorice Ê’vj Herbs Scabious Violet-leaves Coltsfoot Chervil Leaves of black Ribes or Garden Currants an M. j. greater Celandine M. ij four greater Cold-seeds Anise-seed an Ê’j Raisins of the Sun â„¥ ij Boyl them in Common-water q. s. to lbij. add Syrup of Licorice Poppy Rheas an â„¥ j. s. Mix them for an Apozem She complained of no pain but one where the Wound was and the place where her Rib was broken which pain went off upon laying on a Plaister of Oxycroceum and her Rib closed again The first six days she was very weak she eat little or nothing little or no Matter came out of her Wound she had no Fever or Cough or difficulty of Breathing and after the second day she spit forth nothing either of Blood or Matter out at her Mouth May twenty seventh being somewhat bound we gave her a loosening Draught which gave her two or three Stools May the thirtieth she was grevously tormented so that every Body thought she would have died but in the Evening of a suddain she coughed up a good quantity of white Matter with some Blood which gave her great ease and then she began to be better the Wound also closed against our Wills neither did any thing of Matter come forth from the Wound out of the hollowness of her Breast all the time of the Cure after she had voided this corruption for seven days she continued without a Cough The seventh of Iune with a slight Cough she spit up a small quantity of Corruption again and then the Cough ceased and the Patient grew stronger and stronger every day nor did she after that spit forth any more Matter or Blood but after the second Month being restored to her perfect Health went abroad again feeling no Inconvenience from so great a Wound afterwards for nine Years together nor did she feel the Leaden Bullet in her Breast only when she fetched her breath with a deep sigh she felt something heavy upon her Midrife ANNOTATIONS WIthout doubt the Bullet did not pass the middle of the Lungs nor touched the Bronchia or bigger Vessels but only slightly touched the substance of the Lungs in the outer side otherwise more terrible Symptoms would have ensued nor would the Cure have been so soon accnmplished which however was sufficiently to be admired when such a wound could not happen without a very great Contusion Now the great Wounds in the Lungs are incurable and slight Wounds difficult to be cured yet we are not to despair since very great Wounds in the Lungs have been often Cured I remember I knew a Victualer that lived near Leyden who in a scuffle with a Country-man was stabbed under the Pap of his right Breast with a broad Knife that past through the middle of his Lungs and went out behind under the Scapula Yet this Man reduced to meer Skin and Bones through the Exulceration of his Lungs two years afterwards being brought to Utrecht was perfectly cured by a Chyrurgeon with only vulnerary Decoctions However a great Paâ—…t of his Lungs was consumed by Suppuration which was easily perceived when he moved backward or forward for then his right Lung would strike against his Breast like the Clapper of a Bell. 'T was to be admired that such a Wound should be brought to a perfect Cicatrization yet this Man I saw ten years after without a Cough without any Malady sound and whole as ever I saw a Man in my Life In the year 1635. I had another sturdy Country-man in Cure who had received a Wound under the Pap of his left Breast with a broad Knife that entered as far as the middle of the Lungs Other Country-men
the Nerves or too much Relaxation so that being oppressed with weight they are extended with Pains but this sort of Gout is not so terrible For the second Cause of the Gout proceeds from the salt sharp and tartarous Humors separated from the Blood and thrust forward upon the Joynts Therefore says Sennertus I must conclude that a sharp salt subtil Humor nearest to the Nature of salt Spirits is the Cause of the Gout Let any Man call it by what other Name he please Choler or Flegm mixed with Choler Salt or Tartar so the thing be rightly understood In vain therefore Physicians have hitherto sought for the Cause of the Gout in the Heat and Drougth of Choler or the Moisture and Cold of Flegm for they are not the first but the second Qualities which induce those Pains that is the Salt and the Acrimony which corrode and gnaw those Parts Therefore says Hippocrates 't is not hot cold moist and dry that have the acting Power but bitter and salt sweet and acid insipid and sharp which if rightly tempered together are no way troublesome but when alone and separated one from the other then they give the Vexation and shew themselves c. In the Cure of the first in regard the Cause proceeds from a depraved Disposition of the Brain therefore the Brain is to be evacuated and corroborated to prevent these Excrements from gathering any more in that place The Parts affected also are to be corroborated with Topics warming the Parts dissipating and drying up the crude Humors In the Cure of the hot Gout the salt Humors are to be evacuated and purged away by inward Medicaments before they be pushed forward into the Joynts and that their Generation may be prevented Topics also must be made use of to temper the Acrimony of the salt Humors to dissolve dissipate and evacuate by transpiration those Humors the Forms of which I shall give in another place OBSERVATION XCIV A Pain in the Stomach with Vomiting PEtronella Beekman a Maid about twenty seven or twenty eight years of age the nineteenth of Iune was taken with an intolerable Pain in the upper part of her Belly which extended it self sometimes to the Right sometimes to the Left but most to the Sides She had a Vomiting likewise sometimes more gentle sometimes vehement which brought up all her Meat Sometimes her vehement Vomiting brought a Pint or a Pint and a half of black Water with some tough Flegm At the top of this Water swam certain little Bodies about the bigness of a Filberd in Colour and Consistence resembling Butter When these came up she had some ease for two or three hours but then her pain returned again She had no Fever no Tumor in her Spleen no Obstruction in her Kidneys and she made Water without trouble but very thick neither did she void any Gravel either before or after nor was there any Distemper to be perceived in her Womb where all things proceeded according to Nature nor had bad Diet been the cause of her Distemper but what that buttery Substance should be I could not certainly tell for my Life only I conjectured that it might be some corrupt Choler preternaturally chang'd into that Substance However the first thing I did was to stop her Vomiting to which purpose I caused her Stomach to be anointed with Oyl of Nutmegs and applied a warm Cataplasm to it of Mint Red Roses Nutmegs Cloves Mastich Olibanum sowre Ferment and Vinegar of Roses but all to no purpose The next day her Pains and Vomiting having very much weakned her I gave her a corroborating Medicament of Matthiolus's Aqua Vitae Treacle and Cinnamon-water and Syrup of Limons equal parts to take frequently in a Spoon which stay'd with her The twenty first of Iune I applied to the Region of her Stomach a corroborating Plaister of Tacamahacca Galbanum Cloves Benjamin and the like The twenty second I gave her a gentle Purging Draught which she presently brought up again then I ordered her a Glister which gave her two or three Stool but her cruel Pain and Vomiting continued still The twenty fourth I gave her one Scruple of Pill Ruffiae which stay'd with her and gave her three Stools about Evening and then because the Plaister was troublesome I took it off and applied in the Room a Linnen Quilt filled with Mint Wormwood Sage Flowers of Cammomil Melilot Dill Nutmegs Cumin-seed Fennel and Dill-seed which Quilt was boiled in strong Wine and applied to her Stomach The twenty eighth she took another Glister The twenty ninth about night I gave her two Scruples of Philonium Romanum prepared with Euphorbium in a little Wine which caused her to sleep that Night four hours whereas she had not slept till then from the beginning of her Distemper the next day her Pain returned nevertheless the Philonium seemed to have endeavoured some Concoction for that she began to belch which gave her some ease wherefore about Evening I gave her two Scruples of Philonium The first of Iuly she belched more freely therefore that Evening I gave her Philonium again The next day her Pains abated and her Vomiting ceased and at Noon she supp'd a little Broth which was the first Nourishment she had taken since her Sickness Iuly the third she took Pill Ruffiae to loosen her Belly The fourth of Iuly her Pains encreasing I prescribed her an Amigdalate but she brought it up again Therefore the sixth of Iuly I gave her two Scruples and a half of Philonium which caused her to rest indifferently The next day her Pains abated so that at night the same Dose of Philonium was again given her as also the next Evening The ninth of Iuly in the Morning she took Pill Russiae and in the Evening Philonium again and so for three Evenings more one after another by which means her Pains and Vomiting ceased her Appetite returned and she recovered her Health The twenty third of November she was again taken with the same Pains and Vomiting thereupon after I had purged her Body with Pills I gave her Philonium again which gave her ease and so continuing the use of Philonium for twelve Evenings together and loosning her Body every day with Pills at length I mastered the Obstinate Disease so that for six years together I knew her safe and sound from that and all other Distempers OBSERVATION XCV A Bastard Intermitting Tertian Ague HErman N. in the Vigor of his Age in the beginning of March was taken with a Bastard intermitting Tertian Ague which began with a great Coldness and ended in a violent Heat it came every other day but at uncertain hours sometimes sooner sometimes later During the Fit his Head ach'd violently and he was very faint his Stomach was gone and his Strength much wasted After he had taken many things in vain from other Physicians coming to me I gave him half a Dram of lucid Aloes reduced into Pills which gave him five Stools afterwards I
an â„¥ j. s. Mix them well together XI For diversion of the Morbific Matter apply Pidgeons dissected alive to his Feet or else this following Medicine â„ž Leaves of red Cabbage white Beets an â—… j. s. beat them in a Mortâ—…r and make them into a Past with sowre Levea â„¥ iiij Salt Ê’ij Vinegar of Roses q. s. XII About Night give gr iiij of Laudanum in a Pill or if he refuse a Pill dissolve three Grains of that Laudanum in one ounce of Decoction of Barley adding an ounce of Syrup of Poppy Rheas to provoke Sleep XIII While these things are done for his usual Drink give him small Ale or Whey of sowr Milk or Fountain Water having some Pieces of Citron steeped in it adding a little Sugar and Rose-Water or else this Julep â„ž Lettice Leaves M. iiij Endive M. ij Red Currants M. j. Barley-water q. s. Boil them to a Pint to the Straining when cold add Syrup of Violets and Limons an â„¥ j. of Poppy â„¥ s. Iuice of Citron q. s. to make it pleasing XIV Let him also take of this Conditement often in a day â„ž Powder of Diamargarite cold ℈ iiij Pulp of Tamarinds Conserve of Violets pale Roses Robb of red Currants an Ê’ iij. Syrup of Violets q. s About Evening when he does not take his Laudanum Opiate let him drink one or two Draughts of this Emulsion â„ž Four greater Cold seeds an Ê’ ij Seed of white Poppy â„¥ s. Decoction of Barley q. s. Make an Emulsion of about â„¥ vij To which add Syrup of Violets and Poppy Râ—…eas an Ê’ v. XV. When the Distemper begins to asswage the sooner to dissolve the peccant Matter cut alive Hen in the middle and lay it to his Head or else the Lungs of a Calf or Sheep newly killed XVI Let his Air be between cold and moist and his Chamber somewhat dark His Diet sparing and cooling prepared with Lettice Endive Borrage Sorrel and the like his Drink as before Let him not be tâ—…oubled with much company nor Talk Only let those for whom he had a Kindness in his Health endeavor now and then to pacifie his Rage with good Words Lastly keep his Belly soluble HISTORY III. Of Melancholly A Learned Man forty years of age of a melancholly Constitution in the Summer time walking out of the City with a Son of his came to the River side pulling off his Cloaths leaâ—…t into the Water to please himself with Swimming to which he perswaded his Son likewise to make him skilful of the same Art but his Son leaping into the Water sunk to the bottom and was drowned before his Father could come to his Assistance Upon which the Father fell into such a deep Sadness continuing thinking of his Misfortune and believing himself the Author of his Childs Death that he did nothing but weep Day and Night without sleeping and within a few Days was brought to that pass that he believed himself guilty of Murther and for that reason eternally damned He also thought the Devil who had tempted him to do the Fact alway stood at his side and shewed his horrid Shape to those that stood by pointing at him with his Finger wondring they did not see him as well as He. As to other things he was well enough only this false Imagination stuck so deeply in his Mind that no Perswasions or Consolations of his Friends could root it out I. VVhen the seat of the Principal faculties in the Brain was endamag'd and the Imagination deprav'd it was a sign the Patients Brain was out of order as appeared by his sadness and fear II. This Malady is Melancholly and a deprav'd Distemper of the Brain hurting the Imagination and deluding it with false Apparitions and causing fear and sadness without any reason which are two unquestionable Signs of Melancholly according to Hippocrates Therefore we may well define Melancholly to be a Delirium without a Fever arising from a Melancholly Fancy III. The first and external Cause of this Mans Malady was his grievous Misfortune having his Son drown'd which seiz'd him the more violently as being naturally Melancholly Which when he could not forget but spent whole Days and Nights continually thinking upon it without any Sleep the Animal Spirits prone to Melancholly were disorderly agitated in the Brain and so contracted a Specific and Ocult distemper which they communicated not to the Brain but to the Heart and whole Body Hence horrible thoughts sadness and fear VI. When he thought of his Son whom he believed to be drown'd by his fault he perswaded himself he was guilty of Murder which because he knew it was a Sin hareful to God therefore he thought himself Damn'd and the Devil to be always at his Elbow the continual thinking upon which had shaped the Idea of a Devil so firmly in his mind that he could not be otherwise perswaded but that the Devil was always before his Eyes nor could any Body dispossess him of that Imagination In other things he was well because his perception and judgment of things was no way hindred by that false Imagination as being wholly taken up with that Imagination and nothing so much not with such an emotion of Mind intent upon other things V. Because this occult Distemper of the Brain and Animal Spirits was bred in the Brain plain it is that this was a primary or self-suffering Melancholly VI. This Melancholly Delirium tho' very troublesom yet is it not Mortal and gives great hopes of Cure because only the Imagination is depraved the Ratiocination and Memory little endamaged then again he was sound in Body and lastly because he was a Learned Man and so much the sooner to be governed by Reason besides that it was in the Summer when this happened which was a Season more proper for Cure VII In the Cure the Evil Melancholly Matter and the ill Temper of the Brain is to be amended that the purer Spirits may be freed from that Specific Melancholly Contamination and generated anew The same evil Matter is also to be evacuated and his Head to be corroborated and all means try'd to take off the Patients thoughts from false and horrible Imaginations VIII First therefore Purge him with this Bolus â„ž Conâ—…ection Hamech Elect. Diaphoenicon an Ê’ j. s. Diagridion gr vij Mix them Or if he will not take that give him this Glister â„ž Emollient Decoction to which an Ounce of the Leaves of Senna has been added â„¥ ix Elect. Diaphoenicon â„¥ ij Oyl of Camomil â„¥ j. s. Salt Ê’ j. IX Because such a Patient has not much Blood therefore to preserve his strength there is no Blood letting to be used unless there be a Palpitation of the Heart or any such Symptom which requires it X. After the Belly is well cleansed to prepare the Melancholly humor and strengthen the Head let him drink three or four times a day a draught of this Apozem â„ž Root of Polypody of the Oak â„¥ j. Calamus Aromatic Fennel rind of Caper-rooâ—…s
the Head hence this Melancholy is not particular to any Part but Sympathetic and therefore from the Name of the Place where the Nourishment of the Distemper lyes is called Hypochondriac V. This Melancholly Delirium is hard to be cured and not void of danger 1. Because the Causes of it are mischievous and remote in regard they occasion the Generation and Accumulation of that feculent Melancholly Matter in the Hypochondriums 2. Because that feculent Matter is obstinate and not easily tam'd by Medicaments and infects the Animal Spirits with a peculiar evil Temper 3. Because the Cure requiring a longer time the question is whether the Patient will take so much Physic or no. 4. Because the continued ascent of the Melancholly humor to the Brain the Distemper instead of being Sympathetic may turn to be the peculiar Passion of that Part. 5. Because those Melancholly Humors are troublesom to the Membranes of the Brain and Nerves through their occult and manifest Qualities their acrimony and sourness c. whence the fear is least their copious afflux to the Brain should cause Convulsions Epilepses c. 6. Because this Delirium is not accompanied with Laughter but with a sad and serious Musing Yet while there is strength and a willingness to take Physic there is some hopes of Cure VI. In the Method of Cure the containing Cause is first to be discussed and the ill temper of the Animal Spirit to be removed as also that the Antecedent Cause or Melancholly Humor in the Hypocondriums be atteuated digested and evacuated and a new Generation and Accumulation of it prevented that Obstructions be removed and that the Brain Spleen and other Bowels be corroborated VII Milder Medicaments not very hot will be most convenient least the Matter being agitated by stronger and very hot Medicines be carried in too great a quantity to the Heart and Brain VIII First loosen the Belly with this Glyster â„ž Emollient Decoction â„¥ x. choice Hiera Pâ—…cra Diacatholicon an â„¥ j. s. Oyl of Camomile â„¥ j. s. Salt Ê’ j. mix them for a Glyster The next day but one or the third day give him this Purge â„ž Leaves of Senna â„¥ s. white Agaric Anise-seed an Ê’ j. Ginger ℈ j. Decoction of Barly q. s. make an Infusion then add to the straining Confect Hamech Ê’ ij Hiera Picra Ê’ j. For a Potion IX Now because People thus affected have their Veins swelled with a Palpitation of the Heart sometimes and that their strength is in good Condition after Purging Blood-letting will not be amiss in the Arm or if the Hemorhoid Veins appear Leeches may be properly applied X. This done let the Patient drink three or four times a day a draught of this Apozem â„ž Root of Polipody of the Oak â„¥ j. Eringos Cammoch Rind of the Roots of Capers Tamarisch an â„¥ s. Herbs Borage Roman-Wormwood Strawberry-leaves all the Dandelions Ceterach Germander water Trefoile an M. j. March Violet leaves and Baum an M. s. Citron and Orange-Peels an â„¥ s. Damask Prunes vij Currants â„¥ ij Steel ty'd in a little knot â„¥ j. Anise-seed Ê’ iij. common Water q. s. Make an Apozem of lb j. s. XI After he has used this Apozem four days let him take the Puâ—…ge aforesaid again and then return to his Apozem and so continue this method for some time and if he be bound while he takes his Glister let him be loosened with the foregoing Glister now and then the Apozem may be made Purging by adding â„ž Leaves of Senna â„¥ ij Root of black-Hellebore Ê’ ij Indian Mirobalans Ê’ vj. Anise-seed â„¥ s. and let him drink â„¥ iiij every Morning If he find himself nauseous and inclining to Vomit this Vomitory may be given him â„ž Conserve of Leaves of Asarabacca Ê’ x. Decoction of Radishes â„¥ iij. Oxymel Scyllitic with Agric â„¥ s. Vomitious Wine Ê’ iij. XII In the mean time that he takes these things let him also for the strengthening of his Head and Bowels take of these Tablets several times in the Day â„ž Specier Diambrae Ê’j Dianthos Aromatic Rosatum an ℈ j. Powder of the Yellow of Citron-rina ℈ j. s. Sugar dissolved in Betony-water â„¥ ij For Tablets Or let him sometimes take a small quantity of this Conditement â„ž Specier Diambrae Ê’ j. Conserve of Borage Baum Rosemary-flowers pale Roses an Ê’ iij. Syrup of Citron rind q. s. XIII Let him keep in a good and pleasant Air and avoid Loanliness converse with merry Company and be merry himself Let him abstain from all Meats of hard Digestion and ill Nourishment especially salted and smoaked food Let him avoid bottled and windy Drink and let his Salads and Sauces be such as attenuate and open and promote Concoction but not very hot HISTORY V. Of Madness A Young Gentlewoman about twenty eight Years of Age lusty perspicacious melancholy musing and thoughtful but using an ill Diet and sometimes liable to obstructions in her Hypochondriums finding her self to be slighted by her Parents a long time concealed her greif and publickly shewed her self chearful but spent the Nights without sleep in Morosness Tears and Sighs At length she was taken with a pain in her Head accompany'd with a slight Fever disorderly but continual within a few days her pain leaving her she appeared to be light Headed for she that was before reserved of her Speech grew to be very talkative of a suddain so that at length she began to talk not only all day but all night long However for the first two or three days though she talked much yet what she said was all sence and rational enough but after that she fell to raving and non-sence then her Fever ceased but still she never slept this Delirium within a few days increased to that degree that she grew sullen angry run about the Chamber made a noise and grew so out-ragious that she laid violent hands upon all that came near her talked obscenely and tore her Cloaths so that she was forced to be held down in her Bed nevertheless she was strong had her Evacuations duly and an indifferent good Stomach nor was she very thirsty neither was she much sensible of the bitter Cold Frosty Winter-Season though she had hardly any Cloaths upon her but was always warm I. THAT the Brain of this Woman was terribly affected appears by her continued Madness accompanied with want of sleep boldness immodesty and anger and that her Heart and the rest of her Body suffered was plain from her extraordinary heat II. This Delirium is called Madness and is a continued Commotion of the Mind with an enraged Boldness arising from the heat of the Spirits III. The chiefest of all the evident Causes was her grief to be so slighted by her Parents which though she dissemblingly suppressed at first nevertheless in a young Person Melancholy of her self and by reason of her disorderly Diet abounding with Choleric and Melancholy humors and so liable to Diseases it might easily produce a raging Delirium For
and the taking of Tobacco is very Beneficial XI Decoctions of Guaiacum Sassafras and Sassaparil prepared with hot and drying Cephalics to provoke Sweat now and then are of great use XII This Quilt may be made for the Patient to lay upon his Head â„ž Leaves of Rosemary Marjarom Thime Flowers of Lavender an two small hand fuls Mastic Frankincense an Ê’ j. Cloves Nutmegs an ℈ j. For a Quilt To anoint the Temples and top of the Head which is every day to be done use this Liniment â„ž Oyls of Rosemary Amber Marjoram an ℈ j. Oyl of Nutmegs pressed ℈ ij Martiate Oyntment Ê’ ij XIII If notwithstanding all this the Catarrh continue make an Issue in one Arm or in the Neck XIV Let him keep in a moderately warm Air observe a good Diet roasted rather then boil'd condited with Spices and hot Cephalics avoid Radishes Mustard Garlic Onions which raise and fill the Head with Vapors His Drink must be sparing but strong moderate sleep and moderate Exercise HISTORY XVII Of an Opthalmy A Person about thirty Years of Age abounding with hot and Choleric Blood having heated himself the last Winter at an extraordinary compotation of strong Wine and then exposing himself in a bitter cold Night to the extremity of the weather presently felt a sharp pain in his Eyes with a burning heat the next day a very great redness appeared in the white of his Eye with a manifest swelling of the little Veins He could not endure the light so that he sat continually with his Eyes shut sharp Tears flowed from his Eyes which when he opened his sight appeared to be very dim I. HEre the Part affected was the Eye in which the annate Tunicle or the Conjunctive Tunicle was chiefly aggreived the other Parts of the Eye only by Accident II. This Disease the Physitians call an Opthalmy or Blear-eyedness which is an Inflammation of the annate or white Tunicle accompanied with redness heat pain and tears III. The Antecedent Cause of this Disease was an abundance of hot Blood through the whole Body which being violently stirred by the extraordinary heat caused by the Wine and suddainly detained by the Original Cause or the outward extream Cold and overflowing the conjunctive Tunicle constitutes the containing Cause IV. For the blood being moved more rapidly through the Arteries and Veins by reason of the extraordinary heat of the Wine was thickned of a suddain by the external Cold received into the Eye so that it could not pass so speedily through those little Veins as it was sent from the Heart which caus'd the Veins of the Tunicle to swell and distended the Tunicle it self and the stay of the Blood corrupting it and causing it to wax hot and sharp produced the Inflammation V. The Pain was occasioned partly by the distention of the Tunicle partly by the acrimony of the Humors corroding the Tunicle VI. He could not endure the Light partly because the Pain was exasperated by admission of the External Air partly because the Eyes being opened the Animal Spirits presently flow into it as they are determined for the benefit of seeing and distend the Eye which destension augments the Pain for the avoiding of which the Patient keeps his Eyes shut to avoid the distension of the Part. VII Now in regard the sight proceeds from the copious Influx of the Spirits into the Eye and because the Tunicle cannot endure that distension hence the Eyes being open the sight grows dim in regard that the fewer the Spirits are the duller the sight is VIII The Tears issue forth chiefly upon opening the Eye by reason that the Caruncle in the larger corner of the Eye that lies upon the hole in the Nose is twitched and contracted in each Eye by the neighbouring Inflammation especially if any injury of the Air accompany it and by reason of that painful contraction does not exactly cover the Lachrymal point so that the hole being loose and open the Tears flow forth in greater abundance And they are sharp by reason of the Salt mixt with the serous Humor and seem to be much sharper then they are by reason of the exquisite Sense of the Tunicle which is now already molested IX This Opthalmy threatens great danger to the Eye in regard that by reason of the Winter cold the discussion of the Humors flowing into the Annate Tunicle is the more difficult and the longer stay of it may hazard the Corrosion and Exulceration of the Annate and the Horny Tunicle and so produce a white Spot a Scar or some such blemish in the Sight X. In the Cure the antecedent Cause is to be removed as being that which nourishes the Containing and the Original Cause is to be removed that the Containing one may be the better discussed XI The Body is first to be Purged with one dram of Pill Cochiae or half an ounce of Diaprunum Electuary Solutive adding a few grains of Diagridium or else such a Draught â„ž Rhubarb Ê’ j. s. Leaves of Senna Ê’ iij. Tartar Ê’ j. Anise-seed Ê’ j. Decoction of Barley q. s. Infuse them and then add to the straining Solutive Diaprunum Electuary Ê’ iij. XII The Body being Purged open a Vein in the Arm and take away eight or ten ounces of Blood Then Purge again and if need be bleed again XIII To divert the Excrementitious Humors from the Brain to the Eyes Cupping-glasses may be applied to the Neck and Shoulders or a Vesicatory behind the Ears Which if they prove not sufficiently effectual make a Seaton in the Neck or apply an Actual or Potential Cautery to the Arm or Neck XIV To asswage the Pain drop into the Eye the Blood of the Wing-feathers plucked from Young Chickens or Womens Milk newly milked from the Breast or the Muscilage of the Seeds of Flea-wort and Quinces extracted with Rose-water or the Yolk of an Egg boiled to a hardness or else the following Cataplasm laid upon the Eye â„ž Pulp of an Apple roasted â„¥ j. s. Crum of new White-bread â„¥ iij. Saffron Powdred ℈ j. s. New Milk and rose-Rose-water equal Parts Make them into a Cataplasm XV. The Pain being somewhat asswaged this Collyrium may be dropped into the Eye â„ž Sarcocol fed with Milk Ê’ j. Tragacanth Ê’ s. Muscilage of the Seed of Quinces q. s. XVI For discussion of the Humor contained in the Tunicle foment the Eye with a Spung dipt in the following Fomentation warm â„ž Herbs Althea Fennel Flowers of Camomil Melilot an M. j. Water q. s. boil them to eight ounces then add rose-Rose-water â„¥ iij. XVII After Fomentation lay on the Cataplasm again or else drop the following Collyrium into the Eye â„ž Alloes washed in Fennel-water ℈ j. Sarcocol steeped in Milk Ê’ j. Saffron gr vij Eyebright and Fennel-water an â„¥ j. XVIII Let him keep in a temperate and clear Air free from Dust and Wind and Smoak let him avoid too much Light and wear a green pâ—…ece of Silk before his Eye His Diet must be sparing
the Part. IV. By the same crude Vapors carried through the Carotides to the Choroid-Fold and obstructing the narrow passages of it that first whirling passage of the Humors and consequently the Vertigo was caused which was accompanied with a great Heaviness caused by the thick and viscous Humors which Nature endeavors to evacuate through the Sieve-like Bone V. In the mean time the Eyes look very well because there is no Mistemper noâ—… vicious Conformation in them and because the Sight fails only for want of Animal Spirits caused by obstruction of the Optic Nerves VI. These Nerves are obstructed only at their beginning by the said Flegmatic Humor which somewhat insinuated it self into the broader Pores of the begininng of the Pith. VII The Patient was afterwards freed from his Vertigo and Murr because he abstained from his usual Gormondizing which produced in a strong Body a better Concoction of the Crudities which abated the anteceding Cause and consumed the containing Cause VIII But the Blindness remained because the crude Humor fixed in the Pores of the Nerves as well in regard of their own Viscosity as the narrowness in the Pores of the Nerves could neither be discussed nor consumed And though it be no longer supplied by the anteceding Cause yet in respect of it self and the Part to which it adheres may remain and cause the obstruction IX This blindness is very difficult to be cured because the Humor sticking in the Optic Nerves is not easily discussed But because the Distemper is of no long continuance there is some hopes of Cure X. In the Cure first the Body is to be Purged with these Pills â„ž Mass of Pill Lucis Cochiae an Ê’ s. with a little Syrup of Stoechas Make nine Pills Instead of which may be given Ê’ j. of Powder of Diaturbith with Rheon or Rubarb XI The next day take away a little Blood out of the Arm and two or three days after Purge again XII After that let him drink three times a day a draught of this Apozem â„ž Roots of Acorus Valerian Fennel Elecampane an â„¥ s. Betony Eyebright Creeping-time Marjoram Rosemary Laurel-leaves an M. j. Flowers of Camomil Stoechas an M. s. Seeds of Fennel Caroways an Ê’ ij Iuniper-berries â„¥ s. Raisins cleansed â„¥ ij Water q. s. Boil them for an Apozem of lb j. s. After this is drank off it may be made Purging by adding â„ž Leaves of Senna Ê’ j. s. Rubarb white Agaric an Ê’ ij Aniseed Ê’ iij. Cinamon Ê’ j. This let the Patient drink not above once aday XIII The Body being sufficiently Purged this Errhine may be coveniently put up into his Nose â„ž Iuice of Marjoram Fennel an â„¥ s. of Beets Ê’ j. s. XIV For diversion apply Cupping-glasses to the Back and Scapulas Visicatories may be also applied behind the Ears or a Seaton or Issue made in the Neck XV. To dissipate the Remainders contained in the Brain of the Optic Nerves and for the Corroboration of the Head foment the Eyes Forehead top of the Head and Temples with this Fomentation â„ž Fennel Marjoram Rue Rosmary Betony Eyebright Flowers of Camomil Melilot Stoechas an M. j. Seeds of Anise Caroways Lovage an Ê’ij Water q. s. Boil them to 〈◊〉 ij for a Fomentation XVI After Fomentation lay on a Quilt of hot attenuating Cephalics and into his Ears put little Tents dipped in Oyl of Fennel XVII This done drop into the Eye such Colliryums as these â„ž Iuice of Fennel â„¥ j. Celandine and Rue an â„¥ s. Which may be made sharper by adding Juice of wild Radish three drams XVIII Let his Diet be Food of easie digestion Condited with Marjoram Fennel Betony Rosemary Eyebright Fennel Anise-seed and the like Shunning Mustard Garlic Onions and the like His drink small and clear Let his Sleep and Exercise be moderate and let him keep his Body open HISTORY XX. Of thickness of Hearing and Noise in the Ears A Woman about thirty six Years of Age of a Flegmatic Constitution the Winter before had been often troubled with Catarrhs from which however she was quite freed about the beginning of Feburary But then for some few days she complained of a slight heavy pain in her Head which in a short time went off upon which ensued a very great noise in her Ears with such a thickness of hearing that she could hardly hear the loudest bawling in her Ears which thickness of hearing and noise continued for near three Months together Otherwise she was well in Health and her Monthly Customs came kindly down I. IN this Patient the Instrument of Hearing was affected in the lower Part. II. The Malady was twosold Thickness of Hearing and Noise in the Ears The one is defect and difficulty of Hearing wherein only loud Noises moved by the External Objects are heard soft Speaking is not at all perceived by the Sense of Hearing This is a troublesom Sound between the Eares themselves excited by no external Object III. The Cause of the thickness of Hearing is a Flegmatic Humor lying toward the inner Parts of each Ear and hindring a sufficient Influx of the Animal Spirits to the inner Parts of the Ear partly by compressing the Acustic Nerve partly by hindring the free Motion of the Tympanum For hence it comes to pass that gentle Noises hardly move the obstructed Tympanum and the Air included within it so that the Motion by them made for want of Spirits is not perceived and consequently not communicated to the common Sensory But loud sounds more strongly move the Tympanum and the Air included within it but yet the Motion for want of Spirits and by reason of the narrowness of the Acustic Nerve is perceived no otherwise then only as sleightly communicated to the common Sensory IV. The noise or singing in the Ears is caused by the Vital Spirits passing the inner little Arteries of the Ears and with their Motion moving also the neighbouring Air included within the inner Part of the Ear. Which motion when it cannot be freely made by reason of the containing Place being narrowed by the Flegm which lyes toward the inner Parts of the Ear Hence it is that the moved Air continually strikes against the Tympanum and being repercussed by that offers it self to the common Sensory like a singing or ringing Noise V. These Symptoms continued three Months because the next Cause was fomented by the Flegmatic Temperature of the whole Body 2. Because the Flegm sticking in that affected Part is hard to be discussed VI. The fear is least these Maladies may turn to absolute Deafness For that the Flegmatic Humor may encrease and upon the dissipation of the thinner Parts thicken to that degree that no Remedies will be able to attenuate and discuss it But if the Cure be undertaken in time there is some hopes because there is no distensive Pain neither is the Hearing quite lost VII The Body therefore must be Purged twice or thrice a week with Cochiae Pills or Golden Pills Powder of Diaturbith
the Mouth II. That there was a great quantity of Choler was apparent from the yellow and green Colour of the Excrements III. The Milk was curdled in the Stomach by reason of the Acrimony of the Choler and the Crudities there bred It was vomited up curdled because Nature being oppress'd with that and other crude Humors and provoked by the Acrimony endeavoured as much as it could to cast of that Molestation by vomiting IV. There was no Fever because the Choler was not yet corrupted nor was carried to the Vena Cava but as yet was voided sufficiently upwards and downwards V. The Infant could suck no longer because the Pain of the Pustles was exasperated by sucking But it desired the Breast to allay the Heat of the Mouth with the Moisture of the Milk VI. These Aphties newly come and without a Fever are easily cured but being delayed there may be danger of a more deep and fatal Exulceration and that a Flux of the Belly and Fever will ensue upon Corruption of the Choler VII In the Cure the Nurse is chiefly to be considered who by reason of her choleric Constitution breeds sharper Milk than the Infant is able to concoct Then the Infant it self is to be considered VIII Therefore the Nurse is to be purged more than once or twice with Choler-purging Medicaments next to be let Blood And some refrigerating Apozem to be given her of Succory Endive Lettice Borage Sorrel Tamarinds the four greater Cold seeds and the like Also steep three drams of Rhubarb ty'd up in a linnen Rag in a pint of small Ale and let her drink it twice or thrice a Week which will not only purge her but the Child IX Let her Meat be condited with Barley cleansed Endive Lettice Asparagus Pomâ—…citrons Cherries red Currants c. Let her forbear Onions Radishes Mustard Spices and all hot things as Honey and Sugar Her Drink must also be small avoiding Wine Mead and all hot and windy Drinks X. Wash the Infants Mouth often with Syrup of Mulberries and Quinces or of dry Roses or sower Pomegranates c. Also give it in a Spoon some thin Broth or Panada wherein Currans have been boiled till they break with a little Sugar XI If these things avail not the Nurse must be changed and one more proper for the Constitution of the Infant must be sought out HISTORY XXIV Of the Tumor breeding under the Tongue called Ranula A Woman about thirty years of age accustomed to feed upon a flegmatic Diet complained of a great Impediment in her Speech otherwise every way healthy Under her Tongue appeared a soft loose indolent Tumor of the same Colour with the Membranes under the Tongue full of Blackish Veins manifestly distinguished at the String of the Tongue into the Right and Left Part on both sides about the bigness of a Nutmeg and rising in height above the Teeth and by filling the Mouth forcing up the Tongue to the Palate and so not only hindring the Speech but incommoding the Act of Swallowing This Tumor at first no bigger than a Tare grew bigger and bigger every day so that in three or four weeks it swelled to the bigness aforesaid and the Patient not without reason was afraid of a Suffocation I. THis Disease by the Greeks is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latins Ranula either because it somewhat resembles a Frog or rather because they that are troubled with it instead of speaking are forced to croak like Frogs II. This Ranula is a soft and loose Tumor gathered under the Tongue and divided at the Bridle of the Tongue into a Right and Left Part. III. The Extremities of the Salival Channels lying hid under the Tongue are affected in this Distemper which together with the Membrane of the Tongue that rests upon them are distended by the Spittle or thicker Slime and hence become so big IV. Now why they swell'd in this Woman more now than at other times was because of the cooling Aliments to which she had long accustomed her self which had bred a more copious crude and viscous Flegm which partly falling upon the Salival Channels and not being able to pass the Pores of the Frogresembling Kernels augmented within them and distending them with it abundance formed a soft Swelling as it were cohering into two Bladders and distinguished by the Bridle of the Tongue V. Without doubt this Tumor was not a little augmented because the extream Pores of those Channels and Kernels were also obstructed by some external Cause as washing the Mouth with cold Water or astringent Meats and Drinks by which means the Spittle had not free Passage VI. The Humor was soft and loose by reason of the Humor contained therein Indolent because it lies in a moist Part where by reason of the small quantity of Nerves which it receives the Feeling is very obtuse It is of the same Colour with the rest of the Membranes because there is no Inflammation to dye it of another Colour And it was augmented in a small time because the Passage of the Salival Slime was obstructed VII The Danger of this Distemper is not great if taken in time otherwise there may be some fear of a Suffocation VIII Such a Patient must be purged every fifth or sixth day with Pill Cochiae or Golden Pills Diaphoenicon Hiera Picra Diacarthamum Infusion of Agaric or any other Flegm purging Medicine IX To abate the quantity of Flegm and hinder the Generation of it between the days of purging Apozems of the Roots of Elecampane Acorus Calamint Fennel Thyme Rosemary Marjoram Hyssop Wind-expelling Seeds c. and Conditments and Powders of the same to strengthen the Bowels X. And at the same time Topics may be applied to cut and attenuate the viscous Humor and open the Pores of the Salival Channels XI The Patient also may wash her Mouth with this Decoction â„ž Hyssop Calamint Marjoram Flowers of Camomil an M. j. Anise and Fennel-seed Ê’iij White-wine q. s. Boil them to lbj To the Straining add Syrup of Hore-hound and Hyssop an Ê’vj XII After washing let the Ranulae be rubbed with this Powder â„ž Dry Hyssop Common Salt an Ê’ij Calamint and Root of Elecampane an Ê’j for a Powder XIII If these things will not discuss the Tumor it must be Chyrurgions Work to cut the Tumor athwart with a deep Incision and bring out the Matter therein contained and then to wash the Mouth with the aforesaid Water or some other Astringent wherein you may mix a little Allum XIV If after Consolidation of the Wound the Tumor return again then make a Cross-like Incision upon the Superficies without hurting the inner Membrane and separating the upper Pellicle that lies upon it lay bare the whole Vesicle on both sides the Bridle of the Tongue and cut it out as deep as may be and then close up the Wound Otherwise you may take away the Vesicle by a potential or actual Cautery Neither is there any danger of any
hid about the Larynx Ossophagus and Chaps nevertheless a certain Redness extended it self toward the outward Parts adjoyning to them X. This is an acute and dangerous Disease which must be either speedily cured or sudden Death ensues for that the Inflamation and Tumor increasing will cause a Suffocation The Fever augments the Danger for that the Patient being not able to swallow any thing the internal Heat cannot be quenched by Drink nor the Debility of the Body be repaired by Nourishment However there is some hopes because the Inflamation does not lye altogether hid in the Miscles of the Larynx but extends it self to the outward Parts where Topicks may be applied besides that the Redness promises an Eruption of the Inflamation towards the outward Parts to the great Benefit of the Patient XI In the Method of Cure it is requisite 1. To hinder the violence of the Blood flowing to the Parts affected 2. To discuss the Blood already collected therein 3. To promote Maturation 4. To prevent Suffocation by Chyrurgery XII The first thing therefore to be done is to let Blood freely in the Arm. And if once letting Blood will not suffice to open a Vein in the other Arm and a third time if need require Also to draw a good quantity of Blood from the Frog-veins XIII In the mean time the Body is to be kept open with emollient Glisters XIV Let the Patient make frequent use of this emollient and discussing Gargarism â„ž Sliced Licorite Ê’iij Two Turneps of an indifferent bigness Scabious Violet Leaves Mallows Mercury Beets an M. j. Flowers of Camomil pale Roses an M. s. Citron Peels â„¥ s. Water q. s. Boil them to lbj. s. Add to the Straining Syrup of Dianucum â„¥ ij Diamorum â„¥ j. Honey of Roses â„¥ s. Mix them for a Gargarism If the Tumor seem to tend to Suppuration add thereto Cleansed Barley Ê’j s. Leaves of Althea M. j. s. Figgs n o ix XV. Outwardly apply this Cataplasm â„ž Root of white Lillies Ê’j s. Leaves of Beets Mallows Mercury Althea Flowers of Camomil an M. j. Pale Roses M. s. Fengreek Meal â„¥ j. s. The inner Part of one Swallows Nest powdered Water q. s. Boil them into the Form of a Poultis to which add Oyl of Camomil â„¥ ij Mix them for a Cataplasm If there be any likelihood of Maturation add thereto Fat Figs n o vij or viij Meal of the Root of Althea Hemp-seed Pulp of Cassia Oyl of Lillies an â„¥ j. XVI So soon as the Patient is able to swallow purge him gently with an Infusion of Rhubarb Pulp of Cassia Syrup of Roses solutive or of Succory with Rheon XVII Then give him this Julep for Drink â„ž Decoction of Barley lbj. s. Syrup of Diamoron Dianucum and Violets an â„¥ j. Oyl of Sulphur a little to give it a Sharpness Mix them for a Iulep XVIII If the Imposthume break let the Patient holding his Head down spew out the purulent Matter and cleanse the Ulcer with a Gargarism of the Decoction of Barley sweetned with Sugar Honey or Syrup of Horehound or Hyssop of which Syrups a Looch may be made Afterwards let him use a Gargarism of Sanicle Plantain Egrimony Cypress Nuts red Roses c. sweetned with Syrup of dry Roses and Pomegranates XIX If while these things are made use of the Difficulty of breathing increase so that a Suffocation may be feared before the Matter can be discussed or brought to maturity the last Remedy is Laryngotomic or Incision of the Larynx concerning which consult Casserius in his Anatomical History of the Voice Aquapendens in his Treatise De Perforatione Asperae Arteriae and Sennertus's Institutions L. 5. P. 1. Sect. 2. C. 7. XX. When the Patient can swallow let his Diet be Cream of Barley Amygdalates thin Chicken and Mutton Broth boiled with Lettice Endive Purslain Sorrel Damask Prunes c. Let his Drink be small Ale refrigerating Juleps and Ptisans Keep his Body soluble and quiet HISTORY VI. Of a Peripneumony or Inflammation of the Lungs A Strong Young Man having overheated himself with drinking Wine after Mid-night drank a Pint of cold Water and so exposing himself to the cold nocturnal Air went home Presently he felt a Difficulty of Breathing which every moment encreased without any acute Pain in the Breast However he felt a troublesome Ponderosity in the middle of his Breast toward the Left-side He had a little Cough which after molested him and caused him to spit bloody and frothy Matter but not much He had a great Redness upon his Cheeks About three or four Hours after a strong and continued Fever seized him with an extraordinary Drought and Dryness of his Mouth His Pulse beat strong thick and unequal and his Head pain'd him extreamly and his Difficulty of Breathing encreased to that degree that he was almost suffocated I. THE chief Part here affected was the Lungs especially the left Lobe as appeared by the difficulty of breathing and the heaviness in the middle of the Breast toward the Left-side By consequence also the Heart and the whole Body II. This Disease is called Peripneumonia which is an Inflamation of the Lungs with a continued Fever difficulty of Respiration and a ponderous trouble in the Breast III. A Plethora is the antecedent Cause of the Disease The next Cause is greater Redundancy of Blood forced into the Substance of the Lungs then is able to circulate The original Cause was too much overheating and too suddain refrigeration IV. The Wine overheated the Body thence a strong and thick Pulsation of the Heart by which the Blood attenuated by the Heat was rapidly forced through the Arteries into the Parts but being refrigerated by the actual Coldness of the Water drank and the in-breath'd Air and not able to pass through the obstructed Passages of the Pulmonary Veins and Arteries begets that remarkable Swelling accompanied with an Inflamation partly through the Encrease of the Blood partly by reason of its Corruption and violent Effervescency V. Now the Bronchia or Gristles of the Lungs being compressed by this Tumor of the Lungs the Respiration becomes difficult and that Difficulty more and more encreases because every Pulse adds some Blood to the Tumid Part. VI. Then because the Lungs being swelled and distended must needs be more heavy thence that troublesome Ponderosity is perceived in the Breast especially toward the Left-side because the Inflamation possesses the sinister Lobe However there is no great or acute Pain because there are no large Nerves in the Substance of the Lungs which therefore have no quick Sence of feeling and as for the inner Tunicle of the Bronchia which most acutely feels it is hardly affected with this Distemper only the sharp Heat of the putrifying Blood somewhat tickling it and the thinner Particles of the Blood being squeezed into it provoke a little Cough accompanied with a little spitting of Blood VII The Cheeks are red by reason of the spirituous Blood boiling in the Lungs
which insinuates it self and its Vapors into the spungy Substance of the Cheeks besides that there is a hot Exhalation from the inflam'd Lungs themselves with which fierce Vapors break forth out of the Chaps and lighting within the Mouth into the Cheeks make them much hotter and encrease the Redness VIII The continued Fever proceeds from the Blood putrifying in the Lungs and communicated continually to the Heart which did not appear at first till after three hours that the Blood being encreased in quantity and heat began to putrifie and be inflamed and then the Mouth became dry by reason of the fervid Exhalations drying the inside of the Mouth The Pulse was strong and thick by reason of the quantity and heat of the Blood Unequal because of the unequal Mixture of the putrid Particles sometimes more sometimes less communicated to the Heart IX At the beginning of the Fever the Difficulty of breathing encreased almost to Suffocation because of the greater quantity of Blood forced into the Heart by stronger Pustles partly because the Blood now putrifying and boiling in the Lungs wants more room and therefore causes a greater Compression and Contraction of the Bronchia X. The Pain in the Head is caused by the sharp Humors caused by the Wine excessively drank and vellicating the Membranes of the Brain partly by the hot Blood and its sharp Exhalation forced by the Motion of the Heart into the same Membranes somewhat chill'd by the Cold of the Nocturnal Air. XI This Disease is very dangerous by reason of the Difficulty of breathing and the Excess of the Fever Besides that the Bowel is affected which is next the Heart and without the use of which it cannot subsist XII Therefore in the Method of Cure a Vein is first to be opened in the Arm and a good quantity of Blood to be taken away and the same Bleeding to be repeated twice or thrice if need require which though it weaken the Party yet it is better he should be cured weak than die strong XIII In the mean time let his Belly be moved with some ordinary Glister as the Infusion of Rhubarb Syrup of Roses solutive Succhory with Rheon Decoction of Pruens or solutive Electuary Diaprunum or some such gentle Purgatives for stronger must be avoided XIV To quench his Thirst give him some such Julep ℞ Decoction of Barley lbj. s. Syrup of Poppy Rheas of Violets Pale Roses an ℥ j. XV. This Apozem may be prescribed to take of it three or four times a day ℞ Roots of Succory Colts-foot Asparagus Grass an ℥ j. Sliced Licorice ℥ s. Violet-leaves Endive Coltsfoot Lettice Venus Hair Borage an M. j. Flowers of Poppy Rheas p. ij Four greater Cold Seeds an ʒj Blew Currans ℥ j. Water q. s. Boyl them to lbj. s. Then add to the Straining Syrup of Poppy Rheas of Violets and pale Rases an ℥ j. For an Apozem Of the same Syrups equally mixt with a little Saffron added may be made a Looch to alleviate the Cough XVI If the Inflamation come to maturation which will appear by the purulent Spittle and the Diminution of the Fever then first let him take abstergent Apozems of Elecampane Horehound Hyssop Scabious c. also Looches of Syrup of Venus Hair Horehound Hyssop c. And when the Ulcer is sufficiently cleansed then come to Consolidation XVII Let the Patients Diet be Cream of Barley Chicken and Mutton Broth with cleansed Barley blew Currans Endive Lettice Damask Pruens and such like Ingredients boiled therein or Almond Milk For his Drink small Ale or the aforesaid Julep HISTORY VII Of Spitting Blood A Lusty Young Man accustomed to a salt hard and sharp Diet having many times exposed himself bare Headed to the Cold of the Winter Air and thence contracted first a terrible Pose with a heavy Pain in his Head was after molested with a violent Cough caused by sharp Catarrhs descending upon his Breast that brought him to spit up a great quantity of Blood and that not without some pain At first a Physitian being sent for let him Blood in the Arm and took away a good quantity which appeared cold very thin and ill coloured and something but very little coagulated the Blood-letting stopped his spitting of Blood for two days but afterwards it returned again His Appetite failed him and his strength decay'd but he had no Fever I. THE Primary Malady that afflicted this Man is called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Sanguinis Sputum or spitting of Blood II. In general it is a Symptom of Excrements flowing from the Lungs and the Vessels belonging to it but the Disease which follows that Symptom is a Solution of the Continuum III. The Part Primarily affected is the Lungs with it's Vessels which appears by the Cough and the Blood spit out with the Cough which comes away without Pain because of the little sence of Feeling in the Lungs The Pose and falling down of the Catarrhs shew the Head to be affected in like manner Secundarily and the other Parts suffer nothing but only as they are wearied by the violence of the Cough and weakened by that and the Evacuation of the Blood IV. The anteceding Causes are the sharp and crude Humors descending from the Head to the Lungs which vellicating the respiratory Parts by their Acrimony cause a terrible Cough and by their Corrosion a Solution of the Continuum The Original Causes are the External Cold the obstruction of the Pores of the Head and what ever others that cause a Collection of crude Humors or an endeavour to expel them being colected V. Disorderly Diet and ill Food bred a great quantity of bad and sharp Humors in the Body and made the Blood it self thin and sharp hence many sharp Vapors were carry'd to the Head which wont to be evacuated through the usual Passages and Pores which being stopped and contracted by the Cold the Humors likewise condensed with their viscous Slime beset the Spongy-bones of the Nostrils and so caused the Pose which was attended with a heavy Pain in the Head while the detained Humors distended the Membranes of the Brain afterwards descending to the Aspera Arteria and Lungs they induced a violent Cough and Corrosion of the Vessels upon which ensued a Solution of the Continuum while the Vessels were broken and opened by the Violence of the Cough VI. That the Blood abounded with bad and sharp Humors appeared from hence that being let out of the Veins it was thin and ill colored VII This spitting of Blood returned again because that when the opened Vessels are emptied there is some time required before they can be filled again but no sooner are they swelled with more Blood but it bursts out as before VII Now the reason why the Blood stopped for two days after the Blood-leting was because by that Evacuation the Heart was debilitated and the Pustles grew weaker so that less Blood was forced out of the right Ventricle