do_v before_o now_o this_o second_o water_n be_v a_o very_a strong_a water_n must_v be_v boil_a in_o a_o cauldron_n and_o after_o it_o have_v well_o boil_v abate_v the_o fire_n under_o the_o cauldron_n till_o you_o have_v take_v of_o from_o it_o all_o the_o scum_n which_o must_v be_v save_v in_o a_o pot_n or_o other_o vessel_n when_o you_o have_v so_o do_v make_v a_o good_a fire_n under_o the_o cauldron_n to_o cause_v the_o water_n that_o be_v in_o the_o same_o to_o seethe_v or_o boil_v quick_o again_o and_o as_o the_o water_n shall_v diminish_v or_o seethe_v away_o put_v more_o of_o the_o say_v first_o water_n unto_o the_o same_o and_o as_o you_o be_v before_o will_v to_o do_v scum_n the_o say_a water_n and_o keep_v the_o scum_n when_o the_o scum_n shall_v be_v thick_a boil_a to_o know_v when_o the_o master_n water_n of_o saltpetre_n be_v enough_o boil_a and_o hard_a and_o of_o a_o french_a russet_a colour_n take_v some_o water_n with_o the_o scummer_v out_o of_o the_o cauldron_n &_o let_v it_o drop_v upon_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n for_o if_o the_o water_n be_v well_o and_o enough_o boil_a the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v congeal_v upon_o the_o same_o iron_n and_o if_o the_o say_a drop_n do_v not_o congeal_v it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o cauldron_n be_v not_o boil_v enough_o when_o you_o shall_v perceive_v by_o this_o sign_n that_o the_o water_n be_v well_o and_o enough_o boil_v take_v it_o of_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o preserve_v it_o because_o it_o be_v the_o master_n water_n so_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o boil_v the_o second_o water_n you_o ought_v to_o boil_v and_o scum_n the_o first_o water_n call_v water_n of_o the_o foot_n place_n to_o know_v when_o the_o first_o water_n of_o saltpetre_n call_v water_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o wash_v of_o earth_n be_v enough_o boil_a how_o water_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o wash_v of_o earth_n when_o it_o be_v burn_v may_v be_v make_v good_a again_o salt_n peter_n water_n must_v be_v suffer_v to_o congeal_v in_o a_o dankish_a close_a and_o dark_a place_n and_o wash_v of_o earth_n as_o you_o do_v the_o second_o water_n till_o it_o shall_v cast_v up_o a_o scum_n of_o a_o french_a russet_a colour_n unto_o which_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v to_o cleave_v unto_o the_o side_n of_o the_o cauldron_n you_o must_v put_v of_o the_o other_o french_a russet_a scum_n that_o be_v make_v and_o save_v by_o you_o before_o to_o boil_v with_o it_o until_o the_o drop_n of_o this_o water_n fall_v upon_o iron_n will_v congeal_v if_o this_o congeal_a water_n shall_v be_v very_o soft_a it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o cauldron_n be_v not_o boil_a enough_o but_o if_o this_o congeal_a water_n shall_v be_v very_o hard_a it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o be_v burn_v to_o amend_v this_o fault_n which_o the_o very_a hard_a congeal_a water_n have_v and_o to_o make_v the_o same_o water_n good_a again_o put_v some_o fresh_a and_o clear_a water_n thereunto_o and_o then_o have_v extinguish_v all_o the_o fire_n under_o the_o cauldron_n and_o make_v the_o same_o cauldron_n to_o stand_v a_o slope_n so_o that_o the_o lie_v and_o dregs_n which_o be_v congeal_v be_v the_o very_a salt_n whereof_o saltpetre_n be_v make_v may_v not_o with_o any_o water_n run_v over_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o vessel_n you_o must_v if_o you_o will_v make_v good_a saltpetre_n suffer_v the_o water_n to_o settle_v in_o the_o same_o vessel_n and_o to_o congeal_v in_o a_o dankish_a close_a and_o dark_a place_n and_o after_o the_o water_n which_o will_v not_o congeal_v have_v for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o or_o three_o day_n drop_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n into_o some_o other_o tub_n take_v the_o saltpetre_n out_o of_o the_o say_v vessel_n and_o preserve_v the_o same_o water_n because_o it_o be_v the_o master_n water_n may_v afterwards_o be_v use_v when_o you_o shall_v have_v need_n of_o the_o master_n water_n the_o 3_o chapter_n how_o you_o may_v make_v a_o excellent_a kind_n of_o artificial_a saltpetre_n of_o the_o flower_n which_o gro_v on_o wall_n how_o saltpetre_n water_n must_v be_v boil_a how_o you_o may_v know_v when_o saltpetre_n water_n have_v boil_a enough_o how_o saltpetre_n water_n which_o be_v burn_v may_v be_v make_v good_a again_o and_o how_o saltpetre_n in_o his_o refine_n do_v waste_v take_v of_o flower_n which_o gro_v on_o wall_n four_o part_n of_o unslake_v lime_n one_o part_n this_o one_o part_n of_o lime_n must_v be_v well_o boil_a in_o water_n over_o a_o fire_n and_o after_o it_o have_v boil_a enough_o it_o must_v be_v take_v from_o the_o fire_n and_o suffer_v to_o settle_v and_o then_o it_o must_v be_v strain_v into_o another_o vessel_n this_o do_v put_v the_o same_o four_o part_n of_o the_o say_a flower_n into_o such_o a_o half_a but_o tub_n hogshead_n or_o other_o barrel_n as_o before_o you_o have_v be_v will_v to_o prepare_v for_o earth_n whereof_o saltpetre_n shall_v be_v make_v &_o pour_v upon_o the_o same_o flower_n so_o much_o of_o the_o say_v strain_v water_n which_o be_v name_v lie_n or_o lime_n water_n as_o will_v dissolve_v the_o same_o flower_n when_o the_o flower_n be_v dissolve_v let_v the_o lie_n or_o lime_n water_n which_o have_v dissolve_v the_o flower_n drop_n out_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o say_a vessel_n into_o another_o tub_n set_v under_o the_o same_o vessel_n and_o boil_v those_o drop_n of_o lie_n or_o lime_n water_n over_o a_o fire_n till_o they_o be_v put_v upon_o iron_n will_v congeal_v and_o be_v of_o a_o temperate_a hardness_n that_o be_v to_o say_v neither_o too_o soft_a nor_o too_o hard_a it_o be_v a_o sign_n as_o before_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o that_o the_o water_n have_v not_o boil_a enough_o when_o the_o congeal_a drop_n be_v too_o soft_a and_o it_o be_v a_o token_n that_o the_o water_n be_v burn_v when_o the_o congeal_a drop_n be_v too_o hard_o but_o as_o you_o have_v learn_v the_o water_n which_o be_v burn_v may_v be_v make_v good_a again_o with_o a_o little_a fresh_a and_o clear_a water_n put_v unto_o it_o after_o this_o lie_n or_o lime_n water_n be_v well_o and_o enough_o boil_a take_v it_o of_o from_o the_o fire_n scum_n it_o with_o a_o scummer_v and_o do_v unto_o it_o all_o that_o you_o have_v be_v teach_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n to_o do_v unto_o the_o saltpetre_n water_n that_o first_o drop_v out_o of_o vessel_n fill_v with_o earth_n so_o this_o saltpetre_n will_v be_v good_a with_o the_o first_o boil_v and_o serve_v for_o some_o use_n without_o any_o other_o refine_n but_o for_o to_o make_v gunpowder_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v refine_v again_o though_o thereby_o it_o will_v waste_v a_o little_a the_o 4_o chapter_n how_o good_a saltpetre_n may_v be_v know_v put_v a_o handful_n of_o saltpetre_n upon_o a_o oaken_a board_n or_o upon_o a_o dry_a walnut_n tree_n board_n lay_v upon_o the_o saltpetre_n a_o quick_a coal_n of_o fire_n and_o when_o the_o saltpetre_n be_v well_o kindele_v take_v the_o coal_n away_o from_o it_o for_o now_o if_o the_o saltpetre_n be_v good_a it_o will_v burn_v of_o itself_o and_o ray_n much_o the_o table_n but_o if_o the_o saltpetre_n shall_v as_o it_o do_v burn_v give_v any_o crack_n it_o be_v a_o token_n that_o the_o same_o saltpetre_n have_v in_o it_o salt_n and_o that_o it_o be_v refine_v for_o unrefined_a saltpetre_n will_v never_o crack_v and_o when_o many_o dregs_n do_v remain_v upon_o the_o table_n after_o the_o saltpetre_n be_v so_o burn_v they_o show_v that_o the_o same_o saltpetre_n have_v much_o grease_n in_o it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v naught_o the_o 5_o chapter_n how_o saltpetre_n may_v be_v make_v to_o grow_v where_o none_o do_v grow_v before_o and_o how_o earth_n which_o have_v make_v saltpetre_n may_v be_v make_v after_o the_o end_n of_o five_o or_o six_o year_n to_o yield_v more_o saltpetre_n than_o it_o do_v yield_v at_o the_o first_o time_n dissolve_v saltpetre_n in_o water_n and_o wet_a well_o therewith_o a_o cover_a piece_n of_o ground_n where_o you_o will_v have_v saltpetre_n to_o grow_v then_o suffer_v that_o piece_n of_o ground_n to_o lie_v still_o for_o a_o certain_a space_n of_o time_n and_o by_o so_o do_v you_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o saltpetre_n will_v grow_v and_o multiply_v wonderful_o in_o that_o place_n also_o it_o be_v truth_n if_o the_o earth_n which_o have_v make_v saltpetre_n be_v heap_v up_o in_o a_o cover_a place_n where_o no_o rain_n may_v fall_v upon_o the_o same_o that_o after_o the_o end_n of_o five_o or_o six_o year_n you_o may_v labour_v the_o same_o earth_n again_o and_o find_v in_o it_o more_o saltpetre_n than_o it_o do_v yield_v at_o the_o first_o time_n the_o 6_o chapter_n
how_o saltpetre_n meal_n be_v make_v and_o how_o saltpetre_n meal_n without_o any_o beat_n will_v serve_v among_o other_o material_a thing_n to_o make_v gunpowder_n hang_v a_o kettle_n with_o a_o wide_a bottom_n over_o a_o good_a fire_n and_o put_v into_o that_o kettle_n a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o saltpetre_n when_o the_o saltpetre_n shall_v begin_v to_o blow_n fry_n and_o smoke_n stir_v it_o about_o the_o kettle_n with_o a_o wooden_a ladle_n pull_v back_o the_o saltpetre_n which_o shall_v show_v white_a and_o put_v forward_o the_o other_o saltpetre_n which_o have_v not_o have_v so_o much_o fire_n as_o the_o say_v white_a saltpetre_n and_o cease_v not_o to_o stir_v and_o mingle_v all_o the_o saltpetre_n well_o together_o so_o as_o it_o may_v not_o melt_v until_o it_o shall_v wax_v dry_a and_o be_v like_o a_o comfette_n for_o by_o so_o do_v you_o shall_v take_v away_o out_o of_o the_o saltpetre_n all_o the_o grease_n and_o salt_n that_o be_v in_o it_o then_o pour_v so_o much_o water_n into_o the_o kettle_n as_o will_v cover_v all_o the_o saltpetre_n that_o be_v in_o it_o you_o must_v melt_v the_o same_o saltpetre_n over_o a_o good_a fire_n and_o stir_v it_o well_o about_o the_o kettle_n with_o a_o big_a and_o round_a staff_n until_o it_o shall_v wax_v dry_a again_o &_o be_v like_o meal_n which_o without_o any_o beat_n will_v serve_v among_o other_o material_a thing_n to_o make_v gunpowder_n the_o 7_o chapter_n how_o saltpetre_n may_v be_v refine_v with_o water_n by_o two_o sundry_a way_n and_o how_o saltpetre_n refine_v with_o water_n ought_v to_o be_v dry_v water_n the_o first_o way_n to_o refine_v saltpetre_n with_o water_n take_v of_o the_o mixture_n make_v of_o lime_n ash_n and_o alum_n dissolve_v whereof_o mention_n have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n and_o in_o the_o first_o way_n to_o make_v artificial_a saltpetre_n of_o earth_n and_o into_o every_o barrel_n of_o water_n that_o you_o have_v put_v into_o the_o cauldron_n for_o to_o dissolve_v the_o saltpetre_n pour_v six_o pot_n full_a of_o the_o strong_a water_n that_o be_v also_o mention_v in_o the_o say_v first_o way_n to_o make_v artificial_a saltpetre_n and_o in_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o water_n so_o prepare_v put_v so_o much_o saltpetre_n as_o you_o think_v may_v well_o be_v dissolve_v and_o with_o boil_a make_v it_o to_o dissolve_v very_o well_o then_o see_v it_o in_o boil_a to_o have_v cast_v up_o scum_n you_o shall_v take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o cauldron_n and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o tub_n in_o the_o bottom_n whereof_o you_o must_v first_o put_v fine_a sand_n four_o finger_n thickness_n clean_o wash_v cover_v with_o a_o linen_n cloth_n and_o by_o a_o little_a hole_n make_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tub_n you_o shall_v suffer_v it_o to_o drop_n by_o little_a and_o little_a in_o some_o other_o vessel_n set_v under_o to_o receive_v it_o and_o so_o this_o water_n thus_o strain_v you_o must_v afterward_o put_v into_o the_o very_a same_o or_o into_o another_o cauldron_n to_o boil_v again_o and_o to_o make_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o same_o water_n seethe_v away_o final_o make_v it_o boil_v so_o much_o until_o you_o shall_v see_v it_o ready_a to_o thicken_v pour_v now_o and_o then_o into_o the_o same_o water_n a_o little_a of_o the_o aforesaid_a strong_a water_n especial_o when_o it_o swell_v &_o cast_v up_o scum_n this_o do_v pour_v the_o say_a water_n out_o of_o the_o cauldron_n into_o chest_n or_o other_o vessel_n of_o wood_n to_o congeal_v which_o though_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o great_a quantity_n within_o three_o or_o four_o day_n will_v congeal_v but_o if_o any_o part_n of_o that_o water_n do_v not_o within_o that_o time_n congeal_v then_o take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o vessel_n boil_v it_o again_o &_o do_v it_o unto_o all_o that_o you_o do_v before_o to_o the_o other_o water_n that_o be_v congeal_v and_o so_o you_o must_v do_v from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o it_o gather_v together_o and_o congeal_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o shall_v make_v the_o saltpetre_n most_o white_a and_o fair_a and_o much_o better_a than_o at_o the_o first_o seethe_v water_n the_o second_o way_n to_o refine_v saltpetre_n with_o water_n saltpetre_n may_v also_o be_v refine_v with_o water_n in_o this_o manner_n put_v saltpetre_n with_o lime_n well_o slake_v into_o a_o clean_a cauldron_n and_o power_n upon_o the_o saltpetre_n and_o slake_a lime_n so_o much_o fair_a water_n or_o rather_o so_o much_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a lie_n or_o lime_n water_n as_o will_v cover_v and_o lie_v four_o ynche_n in_o height_n above_o the_o same_o saltpetre_n and_o slake_a lime_n moreover_o make_v a_o good_a fire_n under_o the_o cauldron_n that_o the_o thing_n in_o the_o same_o may_v quick_o boil_v and_o be_v ready_a as_o scum_n shall_v rise_v to_o take_v it_o away_o with_o a_o scummer_v when_o you_o shall_v see_v that_o no_o more_o scum_n will_v rise_v then_o take_v the_o cauldron_n from_o the_o fire_n and_o set_v it_o somewhat_o aslope_o let_v the_o boil_a water_n cool_v settle_v and_o clear_a in_o the_o same_o if_o the_o boil_a water_n will_v not_o wax_v clear_a by_o this_o mean_n put_v ash_n into_o it_o and_o boil_v the_o same_o water_n again_o for_o a_o while_n this_o do_v take_v the_o cauldron_n from_o the_o fire_n &_o set_v it_o aslope_o sprinkle_v fair_a water_n upon_o the_o boil_a water_n for_o by_o so_o do_v you_o shall_v make_v the_o same_o water_n clear_a this_o water_n be_v clear_a must_v by_o little_a and_o little_o be_v pour_v into_o some_o other_o vessel_n so_o as_o the_o lie_v dregs_n or_o ground_n may_v not_o go_v out_o with_o the_o same_o fire_n saltpetre_n refine_v with_o water_n ought_v to_o be_v dry_v against_o the_o sun_n or_o with_o heat_n of_o fire_n for_o of_o the_o water_n which_o lie_v above_o in_o the_o vessel_n saltpetre_n be_v make_v and_o in_o the_o water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v the_o lie_v or_o dregs_n of_o saltpetre_n after_o you_o have_v in_o this_o sort_n pour_v out_o the_o say_a water_n into_o other_o vessel_n and_o have_v suffer_v the_o same_o for_o two_o day_n space_n and_o more_o if_o need_v be_v to_o congeal_v in_o the_o same_o vessel_n you_o must_v take_v the_o same_o congeal_a water_n which_o be_v saltpetre_n out_o of_o the_o vessel_n and_o dry_a the_o same_o against_o the_o sun_n or_o with_o heat_n of_o fire_n enough_o to_o know_v when_o the_o water_n in_o which_o saltpetre_n be_v refine_v have_v boil_a enough_o after_o you_o have_v take_v the_o say_a saltpetre_n out_o of_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o it_o do_v congeal_v boil_v again_o over_o a_o good_a fire_n the_o uncongealed_a water_n which_o remain_v in_o the_o say_a vessel_n &_o so_o long_o as_o this_o water_n do_v boil_v scum_n it_o if_o it_o shall_v cast_v up_o any_o scum_n &_o let_v this_o water_n boil_v until_o the_o same_o water_n drop_v upon_o iron_n stone_n or_o such_o like_a thing_n from_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n put_v into_o the_o water_n will_v congeal_v for_o than_o be_v that_o time_n to_o take_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n now_o this_o be_v do_v if_o you_o shall_v see_v a_o thin_a skin_n to_o lie_v upon_o the_o water_n scum_n the_o same_o away_o and_o more_o do_v unto_o the_o same_o water_n all_o that_o you_o have_v be_v will_v to_o do_v unto_o the_o other_o water_n which_o do_v before_o congeal_v into_o saltpetre_n although_o this_o saltpetre_n make_v of_o the_o water_n which_o do_v lie_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o saltpetre_n which_o come_v of_o that_o part_n of_o water_n which_o do_v lie_v uppermost_a in_o the_o vessel_n yet_o may_v it_o be_v make_v as_o good_a as_o the_o other_o with_o so_o much_o labour_n as_o you_o be_v will_v to_o bestow_v upon_o the_o other_o and_o by_o put_v so_o much_o water_n unto_o it_o as_o you_o do_v unto_o the_o other_o for_o through_o lack_n of_o water_n it_o will_v be_v burn_v saltpetre_n be_v thus_o refine_v with_o water_n will_v make_v good_a gunpowder_n searse_z how_o saltpetre_n refine_v with_o water_n ought_v to_o be_v dry_v in_o a_o cauldron_n over_o a_o fire_n if_o it_o shall_v afterward_o pass_v through_o a_o boulter_n or_o searse_z but_o to_o dry_v this_o saltpetre_n so_o as_o it_o may_v pass_v through_o a_o fine_a boulter_n or_o searse_z put_v it_o into_o a_o cauldron_n over_o a_o fire_n of_o coal_n whereby_o the_o saltpetre_n will_v yield_v a_o water_n fall_v into_o the_o flower_n and_o melt_v and_o be_v well_o stir_v in_o a_o cauldron_n that_o all_o the_o saltpetre_n may_v feel_v the_o heat_n of_o fire_n it_o will_v be_v a_o lump_n like_o a_o comfet_n when_o you_o shall_v see_v that_o this_o saltpetre_n
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that_o diverse_a author_n namely_o hieronymus_n cardanus_n and_o joan_n jacobus_n weckerus_n do_v affirm_v in_o their_o book_n that_o mute_a powder_n be_v always_o of_o so_o little_a force_n as_o that_o it_o will_v shoot_v a_o pellet_n scarce_o twelve_o pace_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o his_o piece_n i_o esteem_v that_o fear_n of_o mute_a powder_n as_o a_o vain_a conceit_n and_o do_v very_o believe_v under_o reformation_n that_o mute_a gunpowder_n which_o as_o before_o you_o have_v hear_v be_v weak_a in_o force_n and_o not_o much_o hurtful_a in_o effect_n may_v among_o all_o man_n of_o understanding_n be_v more_o tolerable_a than_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o gunpowder_n the_o 17_o chapter_n to_o renew_v and_o make_v good_a again_o any_o sort_n of_o gunpowder_n that_o have_v lose_v his_o strength_n or_o virtue_n by_o moisture_n long_o lie_v or_o by_o any_o other_o mean_n when_o you_o have_v dry_v all_o the_o gunpowder_n which_o shall_v be_v renew_a put_v so_o much_o thereof_o as_o you_o 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and_o carry_v away_o therewith_o much_o of_o the_o good_a the_o which_o mind_v to_o remedy_n you_o must_v take_v three_o part_n of_o oak_n ash_n and_o one_o of_o lime_n and_o moreover_o in_o every_o hundred_o pound_n weight_n of_o water_n there_o must_v be_v dissolve_v four_o pound_n of_o roch_n alum_n and_o when_o the_o cauldron_n boil_v take_v of_o the_o say_a water_n with_o a_o pot_n and_o power_n into_o it_o once_o or_o twice_o special_o when_o you_o see_v the_o saltpetre_n water_n rise_v in_o scum_n and_o so_o do_v within_o a_o little_a while_n you_o shall_v see_v it_o allay_v and_o be_v both_o clear_a fair_a a_o of_o a_o azure_a colour_n and_o it_o must_v be_v boil_v so_o long_o till_o all_o the_o thin_a watrinesse_n be_v vapour_a away_o and_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o saltpetre_n thicken_v so_o that_o it_o be_v take_v out_o and_o put_v in_o chest_n or_o tub_n and_o cool_v may_v congeal_v the_o which_o be_v best_a do_v when_o the_o water_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o small_a 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therein_o than_o other_o have_v say_v or_o do_v but_o because_o they_o be_v ashamed_a to_o show_v at_o any_o time_n that_o they_o have_v learn_v of_o other_o to_o make_v gunpowder_n they_o study_v to_o alter_v the_o way_n which_o be_v show_v unto_o they_o nicholas_n it_o be_v so_o in_o deed_n prior._n you_o have_v make_v a_o long_a discourse_n upon_o this_o matter_n therefore_o let_v we_o make_v hear_v a_o end_n thereof_o the_o first_o corollary_n although_o tartaglia_n in_o the_o precedent_a colloquy_n do_v affirm_v out_o of_o one_o author_n that_o gun_n be_v devise_v by_o archimedes_n and_o not_o by_o a_o dutchman_n as_o cornazano_n declare_v yet_o this_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o diverse_a man_n be_v therein_o of_o diverse_a mind_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o this_o which_o follow_v polidor_n virgil_n munster_n and_o gilbert_n cognat_n nozeren_n gun_n invention_n of_o gun_n have_v write_v that_o gun_n be_v first_o devise_v in_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1370._o by_o a_o monk_n who_o munster_n call_v bertholdus_n sthwartz_n and_o gilbert_n cognat_n name_v albertus_n magnus_n m._n john_n d_o you_o our_o country_n man_n in_o his_o mathematical_a preface_n and_o discourse_n of_o menadrie_n say_v that_o a_o englishman_n be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o gun_n though_o his_o say_a invention_n in_o a_o other_o land_n and_o by_o other_o man_n be_v first_o execute_v also_o our_o english_a chronicle_n do_v report_v that_o in_o an._n domini_fw-la 1380._o a_o monk_n do_v unwilling_o let_v fall_v a_o spark_n of_o fire_n upon_o brimstone_n beat_v to_o powder_n in_o a_o mortar_n and_o cover_v with_o a_o tile_n stone_n and_o that_o he_o see_v how_o the_o powder_n of_o brimstone_n touch_v with_o fire_n do_v sudden_o flame_n &_o lift_v up_o a_o great_a height_n the_o say_a tile_n stone_n gunpowder_n invention_n of_o gunpowder_n do_v thereupon_o devise_v a_o kind_n of_o gunpowder_n and_o teach_v the_o venetian_n to_o use_v the_o same_o in_o iron_n pipe_n against_o the_o genuate_v the_o 6._o colloquy_n when_o you_o shall_v make_v a_o comparison_n of_o strength_n between_o two_o equal_a quantity_n of_o fine_a or_o gross_a gunpowder_n you_o may_v with_o truth_n say_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o gunpowder_n which_o have_v in_o it_o the_o great_a part_n of_o saltpetre_n be_v more_o strong_a than_o the_o other_o quantity_n of_o gunpowder_n which_o have_v in_o it_o the_o lesser_a part_n of_o saltpetre_n also_o when_o you_o shall_v compare_v one_o sort_n of_o coal_n whereof_o gunpowder_n may_v be_v make_v with_o a_o other_o sort_n of_o cole_n you_o may_v affirm_v that_o by_o how_o much_o the_o coal_n be_v of_o a_o more_o light_a and_o soft_a substance_n by_o so_o much_o it_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o receive_v and_o maintain_v fire_n with_o facility_n interlocutor_n l._n gabriel_n tadino_n prior_n of_o barletta_n nicholas_n tartaglia_n prio_fw-la yesterday_o in_o the_o evening_n you_o declare_v by_o how_o many_o way_n within_o this_o little_a while_o the_o order_n or_o proportion_n of_o quantity_n for_o the_o three_o material_n in_o make_v of_o gunpowder_n have_v be_v change_v now_o tell_v i_o which_o of_o those_o way_n as_o well_o of_o the_o way_n which_o be_v most_o ancient_a as_o of_o the_o way_n which_o be_v late_o devise_v be_v judge_v to_o be_v best_a that_o be_v to_o say_v which_o of_o those_o sort_n of_o gunpowder_n be_v think_v to_o be_v most_o perfect_a &_o of_o most_o strong_a force_n nich._n without_o doubt_v that_o powder_n be_v think_v to_o be_v of_o most_o force_n and_o strength_n which_o contain_v the_o great_a part_n of_o saltpetre_n i_o say_v the_o great_a part_n in_o respect_n of_o all_o the_o three_o material_n as_o for_o example_n in_o the_o first_o order_n before_o note_v where_o be_v take_v of_o every_o material_a one_o part_n the_o saltpetre_n contain_v â…“_n part_n of_o the_o whole_a mixture_n and_o the_o brimstone_n and_o coles_n contain_v â…”_n part_n of_o that_o mixture_n and_o in_o the_o second_o order_n follow_v next_o after_o the_o same_o where_o be_v take_v 3_o part_n of_o saltpetre_n 2_o part_n of_o brimstone_n and_o 2_o part_n of_o cole_n the_o saltpetre_n contain_v 3_o 7_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a mixture_n &_o the_o brimstone_n and_o cole_n contain_v â…˜_n part_n of_o the_o same_o mixture_n and_o because_o 3_o 7_o be_v a_o more_o great_a part_n than_o be_v â…“_n therefore_o i_o say_v that_o the_o gunpowder_n make_v after_o the_o second_o order_n be_v more_o forceable_a and_o strong_a than_o the_o gunpowder_n make_v after_o the_o first_o order_n likewise_o the_o gunpowder_n make_v after_o the_o third_o order_n will_v be_v more_o forceable_a and_o strong_a than_o the_o gunpowder_n make_v after_o the_o second_o order_n for_o in_o the_o say_v three_o order_n the_o saltpetre_n contain_v 7_o 8_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a
fire_n and_o water_n out_o of_o dry_a and_o dirty_a ground_n or_o of_o the_o flower_n that_o grow_v out_o of_o wall_n in_o seller_n or_o out_o of_o that_o ground_n which_o be_v find_v loose_a within_o vault_n tomb_n or_o desolate_a cave_n where_o rain_n can_v come_v in_o and_o as_o some_o think_v artificial_a saltpetre_n have_v great_a virtue_n and_o more_o strength_n than_o mineral_n saltpetre_n but_o the_o best_a artificial_a saltpetre_n be_v make_v of_o beast_n dung_n convert_v into_o earth_n in_o stable_n or_o in_o dunghille_v of_o a_o long_a time_n not_o use_v &_o above_o all_o other_o of_o the_o same_o dung_n which_o come_v of_o goat_n and_o hog_n and_o it_o be_v requisite_a what_o dung_n so_o ever_o it_o be_v that_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n it_o be_v well_o resolve_v into_o earth_n and_o all_o the_o humidity_n thereof_o be_v dry_v that_o the_o same_o earth_n shall_v be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o subtle_a and_o fine_a powder_n when_o you_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v 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according_a to_o the_o cauldron_n and_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o place_n and_o between_o every_o two_o of_o those_o vessel_n there_o must_v be_v set_v a_o half_a tub_n to_o receive_v the_o water_n that_o shall_v run_v out_o or_o there_o will_v be_v place_v a_o gutter_n or_o canel_n of_o wood_n along_o under_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v set_v above_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o it_o may_v convey_v all_o the_o water_n which_o come_v from_o they_o into_o one_o or_o two_o great_a tub_n sufficient_a to_o hold_v all_o the_o water_n that_o shall_v be_v full_a of_o the_o substance_n of_o saltpetre_n and_o in_o the_o buttes_z which_o have_v their_o head_n knock_v out_o barrel_n or_o tub_n i_o say_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o every_o of_o they_o a_o hole_n must_v be_v make_v on_o the_o one_o side_n with_o a_o augar_n or_o else_o three_o or_o four_o little_a hole_n may_v be_v make_v with_o a_o good_a big_a perser_n and_o upon_o they_o you_o may_v lay_v a_o little_a thin_a linen_n cloth_n or_o else_o the_o sweep_a end_n of_o a_o broom_n or_o some_o straw_n for_o to_o keep_v the_o yerth_n up_o and_o to_o strain_v the_o water_n that_o shall_v be_v put_v among_o the_o same_o yerth_n which_o be_v to_o be_v wrought_v when_o it_o be_v taste_v with_o the_o mouth_n so_o that_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o contain_v saltpetre_n then_o there_o must_v be_v make_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o house_n where_o the_o say_a saltpetre_n be_v to_o be_v wrought_v a_o great_a hill_n next_o unto_o which_o must_v be_v make_v another_o hill_n half_o so_o big_a which_o must_v be_v make_v with_o two_o part_n of_o unslake_v lime_n and_o three_o part_n of_o oak_n ash_n or_o other_o ash_n which_o in_o taste_n be_v very_o strong_a and_o sharp_a and_o then_o the_o one_o hill_n must_v be_v well_o mingle_v with_o the_o other_o and_o with_o the_o same_o composition_n the_o tub_n must_v be_v fill_v which_o be_v set_v aloft_o upon_o the_o ioyste_n within_o a_o span_n of_o the_o mouth_n or_o else_o mind_v not_o to_o mingle_v with_o the_o yerth_n the_o ash_n and_o the_o lime_n together_o you_o may_v put_v first_o a_o span_n thickness_n of_o yerth_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tub_n and_o then_o three_o finger_n thickness_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a lime_n and_o ash_n and_o afterwards_o upon_o the_o same_o another_o span_n in_o thickness_n of_o yerth_n and_o on_o that_o likewise_o another_o three_o or_o four_o finger_n thickness_n of_o lime_n and_o ash_n and_o so_o put_v into_o the_o say_a tub_n one_o rue_n of_o one_o thing_n and_o another_o rue_n of_o another_o thing_n you_o ought_v to_o fill_v all_o the_o buttes_z and_o tub_n or_o other_o vessel_n that_o you_o have_v place_v even_o as_o above_o i_o have_v say_v within_o a_o span_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v then_o leave_v empty_a you_o must_v fill_v with_o water_n the_o which_o run_v through_o all_o the_o yerth_n by_o a_o little_a and_o a_o little_a must_v drop_v into_o the_o tub_n that_o stand_v under_o to_o receive_v it_o or_o into_o a_o gutter_n or_o canel_n or_o where_o you_o listen_v so_o that_o it_o be_v convey_v into_o one_o two_o or_o three_o sundry_a tub_n or_o where_o you_o think_v good_a and_o so_o you_o must_v well_o and_o diligent_o gather_v all_o the_o water_n which_o be_v pour_v upon_o the_o yerth_n after_o it_o have_v pass_v through_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tub_n in_o such_o wise_a that_o it_o may_v bring_v with_o it_o all_o the_o substance_n and_o virtue_n of_o the_o saltpetre_n which_o be_v in_o the_o say_a earth_n whereof_o by_o put_v some_o of_o it_o on_o your_o tongue_n you_o may_v taste_v and_o find_v it_o bite_a and_o very_a salt_n water_n to_o know_v good_a saltpetre_n water_n it_o be_v a_o token_n that_o it_o be_v good_a and_o that_o you_o have_v do_v well_o if_o not_o pour_v it_o again_o upon_o the_o very_a same_o earth_n or_o upon_o some_o other_o nwe_a earth_n but_o find_v the_o first_o earth_n full_a of_o substance_n so_o much_o as_o suffice_v you_o may_v again_o pour_v upon_o it_o more_o water_n to_o wash_v better_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o earth_n albeit_o this_o second_o water_n will_v be_v save_v in_o another_o vessel_n and_o after_o this_o the_o earth_n may_v likewise_o be_v wash_v the_o third_o time_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o all_o the_o substance_n thereof_o may_v be_v perfect_o get_v but_o this_o second_o nor_o the_o third_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v mingle_v with_o the_o first_o if_o it_o happen_v not_o to_o come_v of_o the_o very_a same_o taste_n the_o which_o i_o believe_v that_o it_o will_v not_o but_o it_o must_v be_v put_v by_o itself_o in_o other_o vessel_n for_o that_o it_o be_v good_a to_o pour_v upon_o the_o change_n of_o the_o next_o earth_n and_o so_o you_o may_v proceed_v gather_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o such_o water_n take_v heed_n nevertheless_o that_o it_o be_v full_a of_o the_o substance_n of_o saltpetre_n the_o which_o if_o it_o seem_v unto_o you_o not_o of_o the_o same_o perfection_n as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o you_o may_v pour_v it_o again_o upon_o the_o very_a same_o earth_n or_o upon_o other_o nwe_n till_o such_o time_n as_o it_o shall_v satisfy_v you_o and_o that_o you_o shall_v know_v it_o to_o be_v full_a of_o the_o substance_n of_o saltpetre_n beside_o this_o there_o must_v be_v make_v a_o furnace_n with_o one_o or_o two_o cauldron_n of_o brass_n waul_v thereon_o which_o must_v be_v so_o great_a as_o those_o which_o the_o dyer_n use_v &_o these_o cauldron_n must_v then_o be_v fill_v with_o the_o say_a saltpetre_n water_n the_o which_o as_o already_o i_o have_v tell_v ought_v to_o be_v so_o full_a of_o substance_n as_o may_v be_v so_o that_o it_o have_v about_o the_o two_o three_o part_n and_o make_v it_o fair_a and_o soft_o to_o boil_v so_o much_o till_o it_o come_v to_o one_o third_o part_n or_o there_o abouts_o and_o after_o take_v it_o of_o and_o put_v it_o to_o settle_v in_o a_o great_a vessel_n cover_v which_o must_v be_v well_o bind_v about_o with_o hoop_n of_o iron_n and_o sure_a and_o close_o in_o the_o join_n thereof_o to_o the_o intent_n it_o spill_v not_o and_o thus_o when_o the_o same_o water_n be_v settle_v clear_a and_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o gross_a matter_n which_o in_o it_o remain_v diligent_o purge_v it_o must_v be_v take_v out_o and_o boil_a again_o of_o nwe_n in_o the_o same_o cauldron_n or_o in_o some_o other_o and_o forasmuch_o as_o at_o every_o time_n that_o it_o boil_v if_o it_o be_v not_o take_v heed_n of_o it_o turn_v into_o scum_n and_o sometime_o swell_v so_o much_o that_o by_o run_v over_o it_o spill_v
be_v dry_a take_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n for_o through_o too_o long_o stand_v over_o the_o fire_n it_o will_v yield_v moisture_n lose_v his_o strength_n and_o be_v a_o gum_n when_o it_o be_v burn_v the_o 8_o chapter_n how_o saltpetre_n may_v be_v refine_v with_o fire_n and_o how_o saltpetre_n may_v be_v better_o refine_v with_o water_n than_o with_o fire_n saltpetre_n in_o a_o little_a quantity_n be_v refine_v with_o fire_n after_o this_o manner_n which_o although_o it_o be_v a_o ready_a way_n yet_o seldom_o time_n it_o be_v use_v and_o albeit_o it_o serve_v to_o get_v out_o the_o fatness_n of_o saltpetre_n yet_o for_o that_o it_o send_v into_o the_o bottom_n very_o much_o earthy_a dross_n i_o like_v better_o the_o other_o way_n which_o teach_v you_o to_o purge_v it_o with_o water_n than_o this_o with_o fire_n but_o to_o refine_v saltpetre_n with_o fire_n do_v thus_o take_v a_o iron_n salad_n or_o some_o other_o iron_n or_o brazen_a vessel_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o saltpetre_n and_o cover_v it_o with_o a_o cover_n of_o iron_n brass_n or_o earth_n so_o that_o it_o be_v make_v big_a enough_o meet_v to_o be_v take_v of_o and_o put_v on_o when_o you_o listen_v and_o so_o as_o the_o vessel_n be_v well_o cover_v the_o heat_n within_o may_v not_o breathe_v out_o this_o vessel_n must_v be_v set_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o good_a fire_n of_o coal_n and_o so_o the_o saltpetre_n will_v melt_v which_o be_v soon_o perceive_v of_o the_o expert_a artificer_n and_o workman_n when_o you_o think_v that_o it_o be_v melt_v look_n upon_o it_o and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o well_o melt_v cover_v it_o again_o and_o let_v it_o melt_v well_o then_o the_o saltpetre_n be_v well_o melt_v take_v brimstone_n most_o fine_o beat_v in_o powder_n and_o cast_v some_o thereon_o and_o if_o of_o itself_o it_o take_v not_o fire_n do_v you_o kindle_v it_o and_o be_v kindele_v let_v it_o burn_v till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o brimstone_n be_v all_o consume_v so_o that_o nothing_o else_o be_v burn_v but_o the_o upper_a part_n and_o certain_a gross_a unctiousnesse_n of_o the_o saltpetre_n the_o which_o when_o it_o be_v burn_v will_v leave_v the_o rest_n fair_a and_o clear_a and_o then_o it_o must_v be_v take_v from_o the_o fire_n let_v it_o cool_a in_o the_o vessel_n where_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o after_o the_o same_o be_v cold_a all_o in_o one_o piece_n like_o a_o white_a piece_n of_o marble_n all_o the_o earthy_a dross_n thereof_o remain_v in_o the_o bottom_n will_v be_v good_a saltpetre_n to_o make_v gunpowder_n but_o not_o very_o commendable_a to_o any_o other_o use_n some_o in_o steed_n of_o brimstone_n do_v burn_v the_o gross_a unctiousnesse_n of_o saltpetre_n with_o quick_a unflame_a coal_n of_o fire_n but_o insomuch_o as_o the_o refine_a saltpetre_n be_v so_o burn_v lose_v part_n of_o his_o force_n as_o girolamo_n cataneo_fw-la in_o his_o five_o book_n dell'arte_fw-la militare_fw-la write_v i_o will_v not_o counsel_v you_o to_o burn_v the_o gross_a unctiousnesse_n of_o saltpetre_n with_o any_o brimstone_n or_o quick_a unflame_a coal_n of_o fire_n the_o 9_o chapter_n how_o you_o may_v sublime_a and_o purify_v saltpetre_n by_o two_o sundry_a way_n take_v of_o saltpetre_n refine_v dry_a one_o part_n and_o of_o the_o scum_n or_o off_o all_o of_o iron_n one_o part_n sublime_a both_o these_o material_a thing_n as_o you_o shall_v hereafter_o in_o the_o ten_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n be_v teach_v to_o sublime_a brimstone_n and_o when_o you_o mill_n make_v gunpowder_n or_o firework_n of_o sublime_a saltpetre_n and_o brimstone_n moisten_v they_o well_o with_o aqua_fw-la vita_fw-la also_o you_o may_v purify_v saltpetre_n in_o this_o manner_n take_v for_o every_o pound_n of_o saltpetre_n a_o quart_n of_o good_a white_a wine_n and_o put_v they_o together_o in_o a_o pot_n over_o a_o fire_n let_v they_o seethe_v till_o one_o four_o part_n thereof_o be_v sod_a away_o then_o take_v the_o pot_n from_o the_o fire_n suffer_v the_o mixture_n which_o be_v now_o 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powder_n unto_o the_o dissolve_a saltpetre_n stir_v and_o incorporate_v they_o well_o together_o and_o as_o you_o do_v stir_v and_o turn_v together_o with_o a_o staff_n the_o saltpetre_n and_o coal_n you_o must_v cast_v upon_o they_o a_o due_a quantity_n of_o brimstone_n fine_o beat_v and_o well_o searse_v and_o continue_v in_o stir_v of_o they_o together_o till_o the_o say_a saltpetre_n coal_n and_o brimstone_n shall_v be_v well_o mingle_v after_o this_o lie_v forth_o that_o mixture_n to_o dry_v a_o little_a and_o when_o the_o same_o mixture_n somewhat_o dry_v by_o beat_v the_o coal_n till_o it_o be_v subtle_a and_o inpalpable_a be_v make_v a_o very_a fine_a incorporate_a substance_n sift_v it_o well_o through_o a_o sâ—eve_n or_o rather_o a_o searse_z then_o cast_v water_n and_o vinegar_n upon_o it_o corn_n the_o gunpowder_n and_o when_o you_o have_v so_o do_v dry_a it_o well_o again_o or_o after_o it_o be_v dry_a put_v all_o the_o same_o gunpowder_n into_o clean_a and_o dry_a 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a_o little_a heap_n of_o gunpowder_n set_v in_o a_o fire_n do_v make_v a_o noise_n rise_v up_o with_o great_a speed_n and_o yield_v little_a smoke_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o saltpetre_n in_o that_o heap_n of_o gunpowder_n be_v well_o refine_v and_o well_o wrought_v and_o that_o the_o material_n in_o the_o say_a heap_n be_v well_o incorporate_v if_o the_o flame_n of_o fire_v gunpowder_n shall_v rise_v up_o slow_o continue_v long_o make_v little_a noise_n &_o yield_v much_o smoke_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o same_o gunpowder_n have_v in_o it_o much_o coal_n &_o brimston_n and_o a_o little_a quantity_n of_o saltpetre_n if_o gunpowder_n burn_v upon_o a_o board_n shall_v black_a the_o same_o board_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o too_o much_o coal_n be_v in_o the_o same_o gunpowder_n when_o gunpowder_n be_v moist_a or_o full_a of_o the_o earth_n of_o saltpetre_n it_o be_v naught_o for_o to_o be_v shoot_v out_o of_o great_a ordinance_n because_o it_o put_v he_o in_o peril_n 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under_o snow_n â—…d_a ice_n â—ou_fw-mi may_v also_o â—…arne_v to_o â—…ake_v a_o unâ—…enchable_a â—…nmatch_v by_o â—…e_n lxxxviii_o chapter_n of_o â—is_n appendix_n â—atches_n â—hich_v will_v â—…ne_v &_o conâ—…me_v very_o â—…ickly_o and_o â—…rne_v his_o â—…ote_n that_o shall_v â—…ade_v upon_o â—…em_fw-la also_o take_v of_o turpentine_n nwe_v wax_n and_o common_a oil_n of_o each_o a_o equal_a part_n cover_n and_o boil_v the_o cord_n in_o the_o turpentine_n wax_n and_o oil_n till_o the_o say_v liquid_a composition_n shall_v be_v consume_v and_o then_o take_v the_o cord_n out_o of_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o they_o do_v boil_v and_o beat_v they_o again_o a_o little_a and_o when_o you_o have_v so_o do_v suffer_v they_o to_o dry_a in_o the_o shadow_n this_o sort_n of_o gunmatche_n will_v preserve_v fire_n in_o any_o moist_a place_n and_o also_o in_o water_n and_o under_o snow_n and_o you_o an_o other_o way_n to_o make_v match_n which_o will_v serve_v to_o geve_v fire_n to_o trunk_n pot_n pike_n dart_n arrow_n hollow_a pellette_n and_o all_o other_o such_o like_a firework_n take_v cord_n make_v of_o three_o or_o fourethreede_n of_o bumbas_fw-la spin_v coarse_o boil_v they_o in_o a_o nwe_n neal_v pot_n fill_v full_a of_o strong_a white_a vinegar_n till_o all_o the_o vinegar_n shall_v be_v consume_v then_o take_v the_o cord_n out_o of_o the_o pot_n wring_v they_o and_o dry_v they_o in_o the_o shadow_n or_o at_o the_o fire_n if_o you_o have_v haste_n to_o use_v they_o you_o may_v also_o boil_v the_o same_o cord_n in_o saltpetre_n water_n or_o in_o clear_a lie_n and_o saltpetre_n and_o when_o you_o have_v so_o do_v you_o must_v wring_v the_o moisture_n out_o of_o they_o that_o do_v you_o must_v wet_v they_o in_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la and_o after_o wring_v they_o again_o light_o &_o then_o role_n they_o in_o fine_a gunpowder_n and_o suffer_v they_o to_o lie_v in_o fine_a gunpowder_n till_o they_o be_v dry_a a_o match_n thus_o make_v do_v burn_v and_o consume_v very_o quick_o because_o it_o have_v be_v wet_a in_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la wherefore_o you_o must_v not_o wet_v your_o match_n in_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la if_o you_o will_v not_o have_v it_o to_o burn_v and_o consume_v very_o quick_o also_o one_o of_o these_o match_n after_o it_o have_v be_v thrice_o boil_a in_o saltpetre_n water_n or_o in_o clear_a lie_n and_o saltpetre_n thrice_o wet_a in_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la and_o thrice_o role_v in_o fine_a gunpowder_n will_v burn_v your_o foot_n if_o you_o shall_v happen_v to_o tread_v upon_o it_o the_o 20._o chapter_n to_o make_v touchwood_n and_o tinder_n for_o a_o gunner_n tinder_n box_n take_v those_o great_a thing_n which_o be_v call_v old_a todestoole_n grow_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o nuttree_n beechtree_n oak_n and_o such_o other_o like_o tree_n dry_v they_o with_o the_o smoke_n of_o fire_n &_o then_o cut_v they_o into_o so_o many_o piece_n as_o you_o will_v and_o have_v well_o beat_v they_o boil_v they_o in_o strong_o with_o 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