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water_n	boil_v	let_v	little_a	6,333	5	5.4008	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09740	A discovery of subterraneall treasure viz. of all manner of mines and mineralls, from the gold to the coale; with plaine directions and rules for the finding of them in all kingdoms and countries. And also the art of melting, refining, and assaying of them is plainly declared, so that every ordinary man, that is indifferently capacious, may with small change presently try the value of such oares as shall be found either by rule or by accident. Whereunto is added a reall experiment whereby every ignorant man may presently try whether any peece of gold that shal come to his hands be true or connterfeit [sic] ... Also a perfect way to try what colour any berry, leafe, flower, stalke, root, fruit, seed, barke, or wood will give: with a perfect way to make colours that they shall not stayne nor fade like ordinary colours. ...	Plattes, Gabriel, fl. 1638-1640.	1639 (1639)	STC 20000; ESTC S100866	25,150	76

weight of Allom 12. graines of Tartar finely beaten put all into a Tinne vessel which is better than earth lead or copper set it on a Trivet to dissolve the Allom upon a gentle fire as soone as it beginneth to boile take a peece of white wollen cloth well scoured with Sope fullers earth or Lee or altogether to take out the grease of it being wel washed out with faire water then dryed in the aire or Sun not by the fire the cloth must weigh but halfe an ounce then tie a thrid to the end of the cloth when the liquor beginneth to boile then put in the cloth let it boile an houre then take out the cloth let it coole wash it in two or three waters then take any berry leafe flower stalke root fruit seed barke or wood and bruise them wel put them in faire water and boyle them with a gentle fire to extract the tincture then put in the cloth formerly prepared which wil shew what Colour they will give To make the Float Boyle an Hogs-head of water then cast in a Bushell of wheate Branne then draw the fire then let it stand three or foure dayes till it grow sowrish But for small tryalls a little will serve observing proportion betweene the Water and the Branne A proportion must be observed in the allowing of all stuffes before they receive their colours First the proportion of Allom to the water which is one of Allom to 16. of water and floate Secondly the proportion of the Tartar to the Allom which is one of Tartar to 4. of Allom Thirdly the proportion of Allom to the Cloath which is one of Allom to five of the Cloath Note that all silkes must be Allomed cold or else they will lose their luster The way to finde what tincture is hidden in any vegetable or in any part thereof Take the vegetable being cut green stamp and grind the same as if it were to make iuice thereof then presse out the superfluous moisture the remainder make up in Balls and lay them up together that they may gather a little heat but let them not heat too much for then they will turne to dung these being sufficiently fermented must be dryed and afterwards used as Oade is used Another way as Indico is made Make a pit with Timber and boards about a foote deep and as wide and as long as you please being well clayed in the bottome and sides then fill this pit with any vegetable cut greene then put as much water to it as wil cover the herbes let it stand exposed to the Sunne two or three daies then with a plugge at the bottome draw out all the water and cast it away then fill the pit againe with fresh water and when it hath stood the like time draw it away as the former this do so often till you find that the herbe will be easily brought into a mussilage then it must be trod and beaten with wodden instruments like rammers til it wil come al to a mussilage then it must be taken and wrung through haire Sives like Cassia Fistula extracted to keepe the stalkes and great Fibres for passing through afterwards the Mussilage or pappe that passeth through must be dryed in the Sunne and so formed into Cakes like to Indico Another way Take the vegetable cut greene and stampe and grind it then take an Hogs-head and fill it with halfe water and halfe bruised herbes set it out of the Sunne with the bung hole open two or three inches till it firment and worke like Wine or Beere after it hath done working the Herbes will sinke which at the first did swimme and the liquor will grow a little sowrish then let it be set abroad in the Sunne and brought into vinegar as wine and Beere is brought into vinegar and then that colour can never bee stained with other Vinegar or Vrine because it is sufficiently impregnated and his appetite satisfied with his owne proper Vinegar when his substance is thus turned into Vinegar the cleare Vinegar must be drawne from it the remainder must be used as the former Indico and some water to that to bee sure to fetch out all his tartarous mussilage must be put to the Vinegar and dryed away in the Sunne and so they come like Indico In tincturamtartarizatam fixam Ide occulto in manifestum And whereas Barkes Woods and Rootes are of a drye composition and will not ferment of themselves with water like greene Herbes or vegetables therefore they must be well ground or thinne shaven and there must bee added in stead of Water Iuice of Grapes Peares Apples or Wort made of Malt or other graine into which the Wood Barke or Rootes must be put let them ferment together and afterwards be turned into Vinegar then the cleare Vinegar must be extracted be residue of the tincture must bee extracted with fresh water and both of them must be breathed away in the Sunne as before and so brought in his perfect tincture By this which hath beene declared in this Chapter it may appeare to every one having an inquisitive disposition what is the true naturall cause why some colours are fixed and wil not staine with vinegar urine nor yet fade with the Aire which hath in it a certaine acetosity or sharpe aiery salt of the nature of vinegar which those tinctures draw to them which have not their appetites fully satisfied before with such spirituall or aiery salts and this is further manifest for that all such tinctures which are most firme fixed are not subiect to staining or fading being tasted upon the tongue may be felt somewhat sharpish or sowrish And the cause of this appetitive and attractive vertue in colours is no other but the very same which is betwixt the Load-stone and Iron for take the Load-stone and burne it till all his blew vapour be exhaled and then he will draw no more Iron thereby shewing plainely that it was that aiery salt tincted with the venereall or vegetable greennesse which the iron thirsted after to satisfie his thirsty and drye nature and constitution which he got by his calcination and fusion And the like attraction may be discerned by the intellectuall eyes in anything that is strongly burnt so that all his spirits are exhaled as Lime will draw the aiery substance to him and thereby quench himselfe Also Tartar burned and laid in the Aire will draw the sharper part of the aire to it and thereby dissolve it selfe and in summe all corporeal substances the more they have lost their spirituall parts by naturall or artificiall operation the stronger is their Attractive vertue Now in stead of filling the Readers head with Proclamations I will conclude my Booke with giving case to his memory by prescribing what necessaries he is to provide for the accomplishing of his severall designes in his Voyages or Plantations whither his occasions shall draw him And first for him that will onely trie his fortunes in the searching for Mineralls He will neede nothing but two or three Pipkins two or three Vrinalls an Iron Picke-Axe wel steeled a Spade and a Crow of Iron if he will be at the charge thereof but there is no great necessity also if he bee not acquainted with the severall Oares of mettalls it will be convenient that he take with him a little peece of every sort of Oares or so many severall kindes as he can get And for him that would proceede further to trye the value of them himselfe he must provide these things following A Grate of Iron of a foote broad some Bricks two paire of good hand-bellowes a paire of Tonges some Lead Salt-Peter Sandiver Borax Flanders melting Pots a ring of Iron for the Test an hatcher or hand-saw to cut wood some good Aqua fortis Weights and Scales and if any man be not active handed he may have a man for a trifle to shew him the Manuell practice in a day before he goe his voyage And for him that will search for Dying stuffes hee may see in the last Chapter what things he shall stand in neede of Also the other Chapters may be perused whereby every one may be the better accommodated for their severall enterprises FINIS

it would grow there neare unto the Orifice of a Mine when you see it doe so you must carry it round about the place to see that it turneth in the string still to the place on which side soever you stand The reason of this attraction I conceived to bee of Kin to the Load-stone drawing Iron to it by a secret vertue inbred by nature and not by any coniuration as some have fondly imagined And the Reason of this my opinion was because that in divers of my practicall Experiments I have observed an Attraction betwixt severall things like that of the Load-stone and Iron and if it were to good purpose I suppose that I could shew more experience of that kind than any man in England Now in the new Plantations as New-England Virginia Bermudas c. where it is like that few or none have ever tryed that had any skill in these affaires it is very probable that the Orifice of divers Mynes may be discerned with the eye in the clifts of the Rocks in many places as some have beene in England at the first before that men grew a little skilfull and these to be lost and neglected were a shame to the Planters for these Mynes if they prove rich would yeeld more gaine in one yeare than their Tobacco and such trifles would yeeld in their whole lives CHAP. 3. Now that wee are come to the melting and refining of Mettalls I will begin first with the Oare of Lead because that is one of the most common Mettalls found in these Northerne Countries THE first worke therefore to bee done is to have a little grate of Iron about a foot broad like such as are used in a Still to make the fire upon this is to be placed in your Chimney-corner with loose Bricks one thicknesse underneath and empty in the middle to give aire to the fire then lay more Bricks above foure course high round about and if they be laid without Morter the fire will burne the better then fill it with Char-coales kindled in the middest whereof set your melting Pot with one pound of Lead-oare and foure ounces of filings of Iron mingled together and so blow to it strongly with a paire of good hand-bellows till it be well melted downe then let the Pot be taken out with a paire of Tongs and set to coole when it is cold breake it and knocke off the brittle cinder lying upon the top of the Mettall with an Hammer till none be left but the malleable mettall which you may assay and refine in this manner following Take a little Test made as beneath and place it in the middle of your Chimney lay ashes about it about sixe inches broad and as high or rather higher than your Test lay Bricks about the ashes to hold them up one Brick thicknesse and 2. Bricks broad then lay about halfe a peck of Char-coales upon the Test kindled and when they are almost consumed and the Test red-hot put them by a little in the middest over the Test and lay over a peece of good Oake-wood about five inches square and eighteene inches long lay it so upon two Tyle-sheards that it may lye about an inch and an halfe above the Test then lay on more ordinary Billets and some Char-coales amongst make the fire about so strong as to roast a Pigge then blow to it a little till the fire burne cleare then put upon the Test two Ounces of your Lead and blow to it gently and in three quarters of an houre all the Lead will bee consumed and the Silver will lye in the middle of the Test like a little Beade or Pearle then put aside the fire and let all bee cold Then you may weigh the Silver in a paire of Gold-scales and so cast it up how much there is in a Tunne of Lead I have thus tryed many Oares and have found them to differ in goodnesse of all sorts from Forty shillings worth of Silver in a Tunne to Thirty five pounds worth of Silver in a Tunne and there is no Lead but it holded some Silver yet it is not worth the refining unlesse it yeeld eight or tenne pound upon a Tun at the least The Test may thus be made first let a Smith make a Ring of Iron about foure inches wide and two inches deepe and a quarter of an inch thick and as wide above as beneath and without a bottome Then burne Mutton and Beefe-bones in the Fire til they be white then beate them smal in a Morter and scarce them fine like meale then with a little beere or water temper a small part thereof like pappe then put to so much more of the dry powder by little and little as will make it so stiffe that it will not be made into a ball but remaine clammish betwixt powder and paste then with a Pestle stampe it gently into your Ring till it be top full being set upon an even board then stampe it a little lower in the middle then at the edges and smooth it with a slight stone or some round glasse so set it in the Chimney Corner to drye a day or two and it is ready for your worke If you put a quarter of an ounce of Sandivert and as much Salt Peter mingled together with your Powder of Lead and filings of Iron at your first melting it will melt somewhat sooner and with lesse blowing besides that the Sinder will part cleaner from the malleable mettall And if you want Char-coales you may burne Wood in an Oven and when it is red and hath done smoaking you may set up the Oven stone and dampe it Or you may doe the like in an open Chimney and dampe it in an earthen Pot or cover it with Ashes or dampe it in an hole in the ground by covering it with a cover or with Ashes Any of these Coales will serve to make your assayes and tryalls as for directions for great workes here is no such thing intended in this little Booke but onely to be sure whether the worke will quit the cost which if it will then provision for great workes will easily be brought to passe And if you want pots you may bee at choise whether you will buy the same at the Gold-smiths or Potters in London which sell Flanders melting Pots of make them your selfe by this direction following Take right Flanders Iugges such as they usually put Bottle-Beere in beate them to fine powder and searce them fine as Meale Take of this meale foure pound of the fine powder of Tobacco pipe Clay one pound temper them together with the red fattish water that issueth out of an Horse Dung-hill beate it strongly upon a broad board with a Rowling-pin till it be stiffe Paste then fashion your Pots upon a peece of wood turned like a Toppe onely let the sharpe end of the Toppe be thicker and flatter than an ordinary Toppe then set them to drye in your Chimney Corner a day or two when you use

I would have those that have occasion to deale in the hot Countries where gold is usually generated to make triall in all such Rivers which runne from great Mountains with a swift course in such places where the motion of the water beginneth to grow slow And for this purpose he may have a little Bucket of Iron that will not lie in the bottom but on one side which side must have a shooe like a shovell so that being drawne a little forward as it lyeth in the bottome it will fill it selfe with sand which you may try by grinding it with Quick-silver whether it containe any gold for if there be any gold in the sand it will mixe with the quick-silver willingly then you may wash away all the sand and streine the quick-silver through a skinne of leather and if any gold be gathered into it there wil remaine a Ball in the Leather then you may evapourate the Quick-silver from the Ball in a melting pot and so melt downe the gold with a little Borax Also sometimes gold is found in Rivers in powder and graines farre distant from any mountaines of swift motion of water this plainly demonstrateth that the earth therabout containeth gold a thing usually in hot Countries and that the water in that place had a convenient motion to weare away the earth and to leave the gold behind and this is manifestly seene by experience where they wash whole mountains of earth with water thereby to separate the gold from it Now whereas I have formerly affirmed that al mettals in general are generated of the clammy and gluttenous part of the subterrancall vapours arising from from Bituminous and Sulphurous substances kindled in the bowells of the earth it behooveth me to shew how gold such a sixed substance can be found pure of it selfe and not mixed with other base mettals And the reason of this can be no other but because that all other mettalls whatsoever will putrifie in the earth in length of time turne to earth againe but gold wil never putrifie by reason of his excellent composition being made of a Balsamick Sulphure or fatnes which is incombustible and distereth from the Sulphure or fatnes contained in the other mettalls even as naturall Balsome differeth from all other oyles fat substances so that though it be an oyle in shew yet it wil sink in water whereas all other oyles wil swimme upon the top of the water And this is the cause why gold sinketh so eagerly in water which may be proved by weighing a 20. shillings peece of gold against his Brasse weight and then letting his scales sink in a Bason of water 3. or 4. inches deep the gold wil there over-weigh the brasse about 9. or 10. grains by reason that the brasse is more enclined to swimming through the cumbustible fatnes or sulphure in its composition and as for the 20. shillings peece so for any other peece of gold whatsoever according to its several brasse weight you may in like manner try whether it be true or counterfeit Now whereas the substance of gold is not subiect to putrifie in the earth by any length of time it is probable enough that other mettalls might be generated with it at the first and afterward putrified consumed from it in length of time leaving the gold pure For I have drawne Iron or a substance much like to filings or attoms of Iron out of graine gold that was brought from Gynnie with a Load-stone which seemed to bee Iron not fully putrified and turned into earth And the reason why the hotter the Country is the richer the Minerals are can be no other but the same that roasted meates are sweeter than boyled meates or raw meates the reason whereof is plaine for that the rawish and unsavory part is exhaled by the heate of the fire leaving the sweeter part behind Even so in hot Countries all that part of the subterraneall vapours which here is condensed into Lead and other base mettalls can there have no leave to congeale by reason of the heate but is all or most part thereof exhaled out of the Mines leaving behind the royall mettals whose property is to coagulate with heat whereas the property of the base mettalls is to evapourate with heate and to congeale with cold The contrary opinion to this namely that the substance of the best metals are convertible into royal mettals by heate and digestion hath filled the world with false Books and receipts in Alchimy and hath caused many men to spend much money labour study and charges to no purpose For I know by good and long experience and by many accurate trialls that Quick-silver the most friendly mineral to the royall mettalls can by no meanes or Artifice whatsoever be fixed and coagulated into either of the Royal Mettalls also I have found since that no Author of any credit or Reputation teacheth any such thing but contrarily condemneth all such operations to be false vaine and frivilous For the matter or substance of the Royal mettals is quite contrary to that of the base mettals even as the fixed salt of any vegetable is different from the volatill or fugitive salt of the same Yet I deny not but that by Art there may be drawne some smal fixed part out of the base mettalls and may be converted into Royall Mettall though with much labour charges and losse For as a Tree or other vegetable being burned doth yeeld a fixed salt or Ashes so the base mettalls doe containe in them some small quantity of matter of the same nature that the royall mettals are compounded of And for the further satisfaction to the Reader I will shew in the next Chapter a true receite to make reall and true gold abiding all tryalls and having all properties active and passive which true naturall gold hath but in stead of gaine losse will be ready to follow the worke CHAP. 9. Wherein is shewed how true and perfect gold may bee made by Art with losse to the workman Thus I wrought I Tooke eight ounces of Regulus of Iron and Copper made as beneath is declared and 16. ounces of common Sublimate bought at the Apothicaries made these ingredients into line powder first severally and then I ground them well together upon a Marble stone and so put them into a a retort of glasse and drew from them first an Oile then a substance like a Butter and lastly a yellow Sublimate tincted with the tincture of Iron and Copper which yellow Sublimate I rectified three or foure times till it was very pure then I mixed it with equal parts of an Amalgam of silver and quick-silver made as beneath is taught and put it into another retort of Glasse and forced away all but the silver which remained like yellow horn this yellow silver I amalgamed againe with new quick-silver and set it in gentle heat about a week then in very strong heat for 6. houres so that the quick-silver rose up and fell downe