promotes Suppuration and cicatrizes Wounds when the purulent Matter is drawn forth It is often laid alone upon the Bolsters and sometimes mixt with the Yolks of Eggs Turpentine and other Ointments or with Oils and Plaisters A cooling Cerate Take a Pint of Oil of Roses and three Ounces of white Wax Let the whole Composition be put into a glaz'd Earthen-Pot and the Pot set in Balneo Mariae till the Wax be well dissolv'd in the Oil Then take the Vessel out of the Bath and stir the Ointment with a Wooden Pestle till it be cool'd add two Ounces of Water and stir it about with the Pestle till it be imbib'd by the Cerate let as much more Water be infus'd and again the same quantity till the Cerate becomes very white and hath been well soakt with fresh Water Afterward all the Water is to be pour'd off by Inclination and separated as much as is possible from the Cerate which may then be kept for use but some Surgeons cause an Ounce of Vinegar to be mingl'd with it This Cerate is usually laid outwardly upon all Parts that stand in need of cooling and asswages the Pains of the Haemorrhoids or Piles It is also good for Chaps sore Nipples and other ill Accidents that happen in the Breast and is us'd for Burns either alone or mixt with other Ointments Whensoever it is necessary to apply Desiccatives and Astringents to any Part this Cerate may be mingl'd with Vnguentum de Cerussa An Ointment for Burns Take a Pound of Bores-Grease two Pints of White-Wine the Leaves of the greater Sage Ground and Wall-Ivy Sweet Marjoram or the Greater House-Leek of each two handfuls Let the whole Mass be boil'd over a gentle Fire and having afterward strain'd and squeez'd it let the Ointment so made be kept for use CHAP. III. Of Plaisters The Plaister of Diapalma TAKE three Pounds of prepar'd Litharge of Gold three Pints of common Oil two Pounds of Hogs-Lard a Quart of the Decoction of Palm-Tree or Oak-Tops four Ounces of Vitriol calcin'd till it become red and steept in the said Decoction Having bruis'd or cut very small two handfuls of Palm-Tree or Oak-Tops let 'em be boil'd slowly in three Quarts of Water till about half be consum'd and after the whole Mass hath been well squeez'd the strain'd Decoction is to be preserv'd In the mean time the Litharge is to be pounded in a great Brass Mortar and diluted with two or three Quarts of clear Water but it will be requisite readily to pour out into another Vessel the muddly Water which is impregnated with the more subtil part of the Litharge whilst the thicker remains at the bottom of the Mortar whereupon this part of the Litharge will sink to the bottom of the Water and the Litharge remaining in the Mortar is to be pounded again Then having diluted it in the Water of the first Lotion or in some other fresh Water the muddy Liquor is to be pour'd by Inclination upon the subtil Litharge that remain'd in the bottom of the Vessel Afterward you may continue to pound the Litharge to bruise it in the Water to pour it off by Inclination and to let the Powder settle till there by left only at the bottom a certain impure part of the Litharge capable of being pulveriz'd and rais'd amidst the Water As soon as the Lotions are well settl'd and care hath been taken to separate by Inclination the Water which swims over the Powder of Litharge this Powder is to be dry'd and having weigh'd out the appointed Quantity it is to be put as yet cold into a Copper-Pan lin'd with Tin and stirr'd about to mingle it with the Oil Lard and Decoction of Palm-Tree-Tops When these Ingredients have been well incorporated together a good Charcoal Fire must be kindl'd in a Furnace over which they are to be boil'd stirring 'em continually with a great Wooden Spatula and constantly maintaining an equal Degree of Heat during the whole time of their boiling At last you may add the rubify'd Vitriol dissolv'd in a Portion of the Liquor that hath been reserv'd if you wou'd have the Plaister tinctur'd with a red Colour or else white Vitriol melted in the same Decoction if it shall be thought fit to retain the Whiteness of the Plaister which may be form'd into Rolls and wrapt up with Paper This Plaister is us'd for the cure of Wounds Ulcers Tumours Burns Contusions Fractures and Chilblains and is also laid upon the Cauteris If you mingle with it the third or fourth part of its weight of some convenient Oil it will attain to the Consistence of a Cerate and this is that which is call'd Dissolved Diapalma or Cerate of Diapalma The Plaister of simple Diachylum Take of Marsh-Mallow-Roots peel'd three Drams the Seeds of Line and Fenugreek of each four Ounces three Quarts of Spring-Water two Quarts of common Oil and two Pounds of Litharge of Gold Let the Mucilages of Marsh-Mallow-Roots and of the Seeds of Line and Fenugreek be taken as hath been shewn in the making of Vnguentum Althaeae and let the Litharge be prepar'd after the same manner as for the Plaister of Diapalma Having at first well mixt the Oil with the Litharge in a large Copper-Vessel or Pan Tinn'd on the inside being wide at the top and tapering like a Cone toward the bottom as also having afterward added and well incorporated the Mucilages a moderate Charcoal Fire t s to be kindl'd in a Furnace upon which the Vessel is to be set and the whole Mass is to be stirr'd about incessantly with a Wooden Spatula and as fast as is possible A gentle Fire is to be maintain'd and the Boiling and Agitation to be continu'd till it be perceiv'd that the Plaister begins to sink in the Pan then the Heat of the Fire must be diminish'd one half at the least and it will be requisite only to cause an Evaporation by little and little of the Superfluous Moisture that might remain in the Plaister which being consum'd it will be sufficiently boil'd having attain'd to its due Consistence and Whiteness This Plaister softens and dissolves hard Swellings and even the Scirrhous Tumours of the Liver and Bowels such are the Scrophulous or King's-Evil Tumours the old remains of Abcesses c. The Plaister of Andreas Crucius Take two Ounces of Rosin four Ounces of Gum Elemi Venice Turpentine and Oil of Bays of each two Ounces After having beat in pieces the Rosin and Gum Elemi they are to be melted together over a very gentle Fire and then may be added the Turpentine and Oil of Bays When the whole Mass hath been by this means well incorporated it must be strain'd thro' a Cloth to separate it from the Dregs The Plaister being afterward cool'd is to be made up in Rolls and kept for use This Plaister is proper for Wounds of the Breast It also mundifies and consolidates all sorts of Wounds and Ulcers dissipates Contusions strengthens the Parts in
Liniments to asswage and mollifie The Oils of common Wall-Nuts and Small-Nuts may be also prepar'd after the same manner as that of Sweet-Almonds The Oil of Bayes Take as much as you please of Laurel or Bay-Berries well cleans'd perfectly ripe and soundly bruis'd let 'em be put into a Kettle and boil'd with a sufficient quantity of Water during half an Hour then strain and squeez 'em strongly let the Liquor cool and scum off the Fat that swims upon the Water Afterward pound the remaining Substance in a Mortar and cause it to be boil'd again for half an Hour with some of the first Water which was left adding a little fresh then strain and squeez it as before and take off the Oil that swims on the Top. But the first Oil is better than the second and therefore ought to be kept separately The Oils of Berries of Mastick Myrtle and other oleaginous Plants may be extracted after the same manner The Oil of Bayes mollifies attenuates and â—s opening and discussive It is very good against the Palsie and the Shiverings or cold Fits of a â—eaver or Ague in anointing the Back as also against Scabs Tetters c. The Oil of Eggs by Expression Take newly laid Eggs and let 'em be harâ—en'd in Water then separate the Yolks and put 'em into a Frying-pan over a gentle Coal-fire stirring 'em about from time to time and a last without discontinuing till they grow reddish and begin to yield their Oil Then they are to be sprinkl'd with Spirit of Wine and â—our'd very hot into a little Linnen-Bag which â—s to be ty'd and set in a Press between two â—eated Platines so that the Oil may be squeez'd â—ut as readily as is possible This Oil mitigates the Pains of the Ears and Haemorrhoids cures Scabs and Ring-Worms or Tetters as also Chaps and Clefts in the Breast Hands Feet and Fundament and is made use of in Burns c. CHAP VI. Of Collyrium ' s. COLLYRIVM's are Medicines prepar'd for the Diseases of the Eyes The following is that of Lanfrancus Take a Pint of White-Wine three Pints of Plantain-Water three Pounds of Roses two Drams of Orpiment one Dram of Verdegrease Myrrh and Aloes of each two Scruples The Orpiment Verdegrease Myrrh and Aloes are to be beaten to a fine Powder before they are intermixt with the Liquors This Collyrium is not only good for the Eyes but is also of use to make Injections into the Privy-Parts of Men and Women but before the Injections are made it ought to be sweeten'd with three or four times the quantity in weight of Rose Plantain or Morel-Water A dry Collyrium Take two Drams of Sugar-candy prepar'd Tutty Lizard's-Dung of each one Dram White Vitriol Sucotrin Aloes and Sal Saturni of each half a Dram. Let the whole Composition be reduc'd to a very fine Powder and mixt together Two or three Grains of this Powder may be blown at once into the Eye with a small Quill Pipe of Straw or Reed as long as it is necessary and the same Powder may also be steept in Ophthalmick Waters to make a liquid Collyrium A Blue Collyrium Take a Pint of Water in which unslackt Lime has been quench'd and a Dram of Sal Ammoniack pulveriz'd mingle these Ingredients together in a Brass-Bason and let 'em be insus'd during a whole Night then filtrate the Liquor and keep it for use This Collyrium is one of the best Medicines that can be prepar'd for all manner of Diseases of the Eyes CHAP. VII Of Powders A Powder against Madness or Frenzy TAKE the Leaves of Rue Vervein the lesser Sage Plantain Polypody common Wormwood Mint Mother-Wort Balm Betony St. John's-Wort and the lesser Centory of every one an equal quantity These Plants must be gather'd in the Month of June during the clear and serene Weather and ty'd up in Nose-gays or little Bundles which are to be wrap'd up in Paper and hung in the Air to be dry'd in the Shade Afterward they are to be pounded in a great Brass-Mortar and the Powder is to be sifted thro' a Silk-Sieve The Dose of this Powder is from two to three Drams mingl'd with half a Dram of the Powder of Vipers in half a Glass of good White-Wine every Morning fasting for fifty one Days successively It has an admirable effect provided the wounded Person be not bit in the Head nor Face and that the Wound has not been wash'd with Water CHAP. VIII Styptick-Water TAKE Colcothar or Red Vitriol that remains in the Retort after the Spirit has been drawn off Burnt Allom and Sugar-candy of each thirty Grains the Urine of a Young Person and rose-Rose-Water of each half an Ounce and two Ounces of plantain-Plantain-Water Let the whole Mixture be stirr'd about for a long time and then put into a Vial. But the Liquor must be pour'd off by Inclination when there shall be occasion to take any for use If a Bolster steept in this Water be laid upon an open Artery and held close with the Hand it will soon stop the Blood a small Tent may be also soakt in it and put up into the Nose for the same purpose If it be taken inwardly it stops the spitting of Blood and the Dysentery or Bloody-Flux as also the Haemorrhoidal and Menstruous Fluxes the Dose being from half a Dram to two Drams in Knot-Grass-Water FINIS A TABLE OF THE CHAPTERS And of the Principal Matters Which are contain'd in every Chapter CHAP. I. OF the Qualifications of a Surgeon and the Art of Surgery Page 1 CHAP. I. Of Synthesis Diaeresis Exaeresis and Prosthesis Page 2 CHAP. I. What ought to be observ'd before the undertaking of an Operation Page 3 CHAP. II. Of Chirurgical Instruments portable and not portable Page 5 CHAP. III. Of Anatomy in general and in particular of all the Parts of which the Human Body is compos'd Page 7 CHAP. IV. Of the General Division of a Human Body Page 10 CHAP. V. Of the Skeleton Page 12 CHAP. V. Of the different kinds of Articulations Page 14 CHAP. V. Of the Number of the Bones of the Human Skeleton Page 16 CHAP. VI. Of Myology or the Description and Anatomy of the Muscles of the Human Body Page 19 CHAP. VII Of the Myology or Anatomy of the Muscles of the Head Page 21 CHAP. VIII Of the Myology or Anatomy of the Muscles of the Chest or of the Breast Belly and Back Page 31 CHAP. IX Of the Myology or Anatomy of the Muscles of the lower Belly Page 34 CHAP. IX Of the Muscles of the Parts that serve for Geration in both Sexes Page 36 CHAP. X. Of the Muscles of the Shoulder-Blades Arms and Hands Page 37 CHAP. XI Of the Muscles of the Thighs Legs and Feet Page 48 CHAP. XI A List of all the Muscles of the Humane Body Page 57 CHAP. XII Of the Anatomy of the Nerves Arteries and Veins in general Page 58 CHAP. XII Of the Structure of the four Tunicks of the Arteries Page 61 CHAP.
Pain Hardness and sometimes a Feaver What is a Carbuncle A Carbuncle is a hard Swelling red burning and inseparable from a Fever It is cover'd with a black Crust or Scab that afterward falls off at the Suppuration leaving a deep and dangerous Ulcer and which sometimes doth not suppurate at all What is an Anthrax The Anthrax is very near the same thing as the Carbuncle only with this difference that the latter always appears in the Glandulous Parts and the Anthrax every where else What is a Furunculus It is a kind of Boil or benign Carbuncle which somewhat resembles the Head of a Nail and is on that Account call'd Clou by the French causing Pains as if a Nail were driven into the Flesh What is a Phygeton The Phygeton is a small red and inflam'd Extuberance situated in the Miliary Glandules of the Skin where it causeth a pricking Pain without Suppuration What is a Phyma The Phyma appears after the same manner as the Phygeton and suppurates What are the Remedies proper for all these sorts of phlegmonous Tumours and Impostumes They are Cataplasms and Plaisters Anodyn Emollient Resolvent and Suppurative which are us'd proportionably as in the Phlegmons What is a Gangrene Sphacelus or Esthiomenus The Gangrene and Sphacelus signifie the same thing nevertheless are commonly distinguish'd the former being a Mortification begun and the Sphacelus an entire or perfect Mortification call'd also Necâ—â—is and Siâ—â—ratio An Estâ—â—omâ—nus is a Disposition to Mâ—â—â—â—â—â—on discover'd by the sofâ—ness of thâ—â—art and a Gangrene is defin'd to be a Mortification of a Part occasion'd by the Interception of the Spirits and the Privation of the Natural Heat What are the causes of a Gangrene in general Every thing that can hinder the Natural Heat from exerting it self in a Part as strong Ligatures astringent or resolvent Medicines not conveniently us'd in great Inflammations a violent Haemorrhage or Old Age whereby the Spirits are exhausted the bitings of Mad Dogs excessive Cold c. By what Signs is the Gangrene known It is discover'd by the livid Colour of the Skin which departs from the Flesh the softness coldness and insensibility of the part and sometimes by its dryness and blackness from whence exhales a cadaverous Stench with Sanies issuing forth after Punctures or Scarifications made therein Lastly a Gangrene is perceiv'd by the cold Sweats Swoonings Syncope's and Delirium's that invade the Patient and which are all the Fore-runners of approaching Death Is a Gangrene only found in the Flesh and soft Parts of the Body It happens also in the Bones and is then call'd Caries How is this Caries or Gangrene of the Bone discover'd when it lies hid under the Flesh It is known by the black Colour of the Neighbouring Flesh the Stink of the Sanies that comes forth the intolerable Pains felt thereabouts which are six'd and continual before the Impostume and Ulcer appear but when the Ulcer is made a kind of roughness may be perceiv'd in the Bone REMEDIES What are the Remedies proper for a Gangrene They are those that take away the morrify'd and corrupt Parts and recall the Natural Heat both which Indications are exactly answer'd in the Extirpation of what is already corrupted with the Incision-Knife and the Restauration of the Natural Heat by the following Remedies Take an Ounce of good Vinegar steeping therein a Dram of White Vitriol with as much Sal Ammoniack Let it be us'd in bathing the Part and apply thereto Bolsters well seak'd in the same Liquor This remedy is convenient in the first Disposition toward a Gangrene Or if you please you may make use of the Yellow Water which is made with Corrosive Sublimate and Lime-Water taking for Example half a Dram of Corrosive Sublimate to be infus'd in a Pint of Lime-Water But a Tincture of Myrrh and Aloes is more efficacious wherein Vnguentum Aegyptiacum is steep'd or else Lime-Water kept for that purpose in which have been boil'd two Ounces of Sulphur or Brimstone with two Drams of Mercurius Dulcis adding four Ounces of Spirit of Wine to make an excellent Phegedaenick Water with which the Part may be bathed and the Bolsters soak'd If the Gangrene passeth to the Bone the Ulcer must be immediately cleans'd with Brandy and Euphorbium afterward put into it laying also some upon the Bolsters and abstaining from all sorts of Oils and Greases But if these Remedies prove unprositable recourse is then to be had to the Incision-Knife Fire or Amputation the manner of performing which several Operations is explain'd hereafter What are Kibes or Chilblains They are painful Tumours which are often accompany'd with Inflammation they happen more especially in the nervous and outward Parts as the Heel and are so much the more sensibly selt as the Air and Cold are more sharp and Veâ—ement What is to be done in order to cure these Kibes or Chilblains The Heel or affected Part must be wash'd and dipt in Wine boil'd with Allum and Salt whereof a Cataplasm may be afterward made by adding Meal of Rye Honey and Brimstone The Juice of a hot Turnep apply'd with Vnguentum Rosatum is also very good or Petroleum alone What is a Panaritium Panaritium or Paronychia is a Tumour which generally ariseth in the Extremity of the Fingers at the Root of the Nails It is red and accompany'd with very great Pain even so exquisite that the whole Arm is sensible thereof insomuch that a Fever sometimes ensues and a Gangrene the Humour being contain'd between the Bone and the Periosteum or that little Membrane with which it is immediately invested What Remedies are convenient for the curing a Panaritium Anodyn Cataplasms are to be first apply'd that is to say such as serve to asswage excessive Pain as that which is compos'd of Milk Line-seeds beaten large Figs the Yolk of an Egg Saffron Honey and Oleum Lumbricorum with the Crum of white Bread Afterward you may endeavour to dissolve it by applying Oil of Almonds Saccharum Saturni and Ear-Wax or else Balsam of Sulphur The Plaister of Mucilages and that of Sulphur or Brimstone dissolv'd in Wine is also a most excellent Resolvent and Anodyn If it be requisite to bring this Tumour to Suppuration white Lillies roasted under Embers may be added to the preceeding Cataplasm or else a new Cataplasm may be made with Sorrel boil'd fresh Butter and a little Leaven What is a Burn A Burn is an Impression of Fire made upon a Part wherein remains a great deal of Heat with Blisters full of serous Particles or Scabs accordingly as the Fire hath taken more or less effect What are the Remedies proper for a Burn A Burn is cur'd by the speedy Application of fresh Mud re-iterated many times successively by that of peel'd Onions Vnguentum Rosatum and Populeon mixt with the Yolk of an Egg and unslack'd-Lime Cray-Fishes or Crabs pounded alive in a Leaden-Mortar and a great Number of other things If the Burn be in the Face you may
Germander Sage St. John's-Wort Plantain Milfoil or Yarrow Perewinkle the greater Comfrey the lesser Comfrey Betony Honey-suckle Fluellin Vervein Knot-Grass Adders-Tongue and Burnet of every one of these Plants two handfuls a Gallon of common Oil white Pitch Mutton-Suet yellow Wax and Turpentine of each two Pounds Bruise all these Herbs in a Marble-Mortar let the Wax white Pitch and Mutton-Suet cut into pieces as also the Turpentine be melted in the Oil in a Copper-Pan lin'd with Tin over a moderate Fire put the bruis'd Herbs in it and cause the whole Mass to simmer together very slowly stirring it about from time to time with a Wooden Spatula As soon as it shall be perceiv'd that the Oil of the Herbs is almost quite consum'd the whole Composition is to be strain'd and strongly squeez'd Then after having let the Ointment cool to draw off all the Dregs and Moisture it is to be dissolv'd over a very gentle Fire and after having left it a little while to cool again and thicken you may add thereto Myrrh Aloes Florence Orris and round Birth-Wort pulveriz'd very fine When all these Ingredients are by this means well incorporated the Ointment will be brought to perfection This Ointment is of singular Use to cleanse Ulcers as also to mundifie cicatrize and consolidate all sorts of Wounds The black or suppurative Ointment Take a Quart of common Oil white and yellow Wax Mutton-Suet that lies near the Kidneys pure Rosin Ship-Pitch Venice Turpentine of each half a Pound and of Mastick beaten to fine Powder two Ounces let all that is capable of being dissolv'd be liquify'd in the Oil and add the Powder of Mastick to make in Ointment This Ointment searches and opens all sorts of Impostumes as well as Carbuncles and Pestilential and Venereal Bubo's The use of the same Ointment is also to be continu'd after the opening of the Abcesses till their perfect Cure be compleated Unguentum Rosatum Take Bore's-Grease well purify'd and often wash'd and Red Roses newly pickt of each four Pounds with the like quantity of White Roses The thin Membrane or Skin which lies upon the Bores-Grease being taken away it is to be cut into small pieces well wash'd in fair Water and melted in a glaz'd Earthen-Pot over a very gentle Fire the first Grease that is dissolv'd is to be strain'd thro' a Cloth well wash'd and mixt with the same quantity of thick Rose-Buds well bruis'd Then the whole Mass is to be put into a glaz'd Earthen-Pot with a narrow Mouth the Pot is to be well stopt and set during six Hours in Water which is between luke-warm and boiling hot Afterward it is to be boil'd an Hour strain'd and strongly squeez'd In the mean while four Pounds of White Roses newly blown are to be taken well bruis'd and mingl'd with the former Composition the Pot being cover'd which is likewise set for the space of fix Hours in Water between luke-warm and boiling hot Then the Liquor is to be strain'd and strongly squeez'd Lastly after the Ointment hath been cool'd and separated from its Faeces or Dregs it may be kept for use If it be desir'd to give a Rose-Colour to this Ointment it wou'd be requisite a quarter of an Hour before it be strain'd the last time to throw into it two or three Ounces of Orcanet which is to be stirr'd into the Ointment If it be thought fit to retain the White Colour and to produce the smell of Roses it may be done with Damask-Roses without Orcanet If you are desirous to give it the Consistence of a Liniment you may add Oil of sweet Almonds to the quantity of a sixth part of its weight This Ointment is a very good Remedy against all manner of external Inflammations particularly against Phlegmons Erysipelas's and Tetters as also against the Head-ach and Haemorrhoids or Piles Unguentum Album aut de Cerussa Take three Pints of Oil of Roses nine Ounces of white Wax one Pound of Venice Ceruse or white Lead and a Dram and a half of Camphire The Ceruse being pulveriz'd by rubbing the pieces upon the Cloath of a Hair-Sieve turn'd upside-down the Powder is to be receiv'd on 〈◊〉 Sheet of Paper laid underneath and to be often wash'd with Water in a great Earthen-Pan stirring it about with a Wooden Spatula and pouring off the Water by Inclination as soon as the Powder is sunk to the Bottom When the Water of these Washings grows insipid the last Lotion is to be made with rose-Rose-Water leaving it for the space of five or six Hours which being expir'd it is to be pour'd off by Inclination and the Ceruse must be dry'd in the Shade cover'd with Paper Then the broken Wax and prepar'd Oil is to put into a glaz'd Earthen-Pot and the Pot into the boiling Bath As soon as the Wax is melted the Pot may be taker out of the Bath and the dissolv'd Liquor stirr'd with a Wooden Pestle till it begins to grow thick Afterward the pulveriz'd Ceruse is to be infus'd and the Ointment stirr'd about till it be almost cold If you shall think fit to add Camphire let it be dissolv'd in a little Oil and incorporated with the Ointment when it is cold The Whites of Eggs may be also well mixt with the Ointment by stirring it about to make an exact union of the several Ingredients This Ointment is good for Burns Erysipelas's the Itch and many Distempers of the Skin it allayes the Itchings and intemperature of Ulcers it dissipates the Chasings and Redness that happen in the Bodies of Infants It is of great efficacy in the â—ealing of Contusions and it serves to consolidate and cool light Wounds Unguentum Aegyptiacum Take eleven Ounces of Verdegrease fourteen Ounces of strong Vinegar and twenty eight Ounces of good Honey Let the Verdegrease be put into a Copper-Pan or Skillet over a very gentle Fire then bruise it with a Wooden Pestle work it well in the Vinegar and strain the whole thro' a Hair-Sieve If a little Verdegrease remains on the Sieve it is to be put again into the Skillet bruis'd and beaten small therein as before with a Portion of the same Vinegar straining it thro' the Sieve till the unprofitable drossy parts of the Copper be only left Afterward this Liquor is to be boil'd over a gentle Fire with the Honey stirring it about from time to time till it hath acquir'd the Consistence of a softish Ointment and a very red Colour This Ointment consumes putrify'd Flesh and the Superfluities of Ulcers and Wounds Unguentum Basilicon or Royal Ointment Take yellow Wax Mutton-Suet Rosin Ship-Pitch and Venice Turpentine one Pound of each with five Pints of common Oil. Cut the Suet Rosin and black Pitch into small Pieces and let 'em be melted together with the Oil in a Copper-Pan over a very moderate Fire then after having strain'd the Liquor thro' a thick Cloth let it be incorporated with the Turpentine and the Ointment will be made It
Fractures and Dislocations and causeth the Serous Humours to pass away by Transpiration Emplastrum Divinum Take of Litharge of Gold prepar'd one Pound and an half three Pints of common Oil one Quart of Spring-Water six Ounces of prepar'd Load-Stone Gum Ammoniack Galbanum Opoponax and Bdellium of each three Ounces Myrrh Olibanum Mastick Verdegrease and round Birth-Wort of every one of these an Ounce and an half eight Ounces of Yellow Wax and four Ounces of Turpentine Let the Gum Ammoniack Galbanum Bdellium and Opoponax be dissolv'd in Vinegar in a little Earthen Pipkin strain 'em thro' a course Cloth and let 'em be thicken'd by Evaporation according to the Method before observ'd in other Plaisters Then prepare the Load-Stone upon a Porphyry or Marble-Stone and take care to bruise separately the Olibanum the Mastick the Myrrh the round Birth-Wort and the Verdegrease which is to be kept to be added at last In the mean while having incorporated cold the Oil with the Litharge and mingl'd the Water with 'em they are to be boil'd together over a very good Fire stirring 'em incessantly till the whole Composition hath acquir'd the Consistence of a somewhat solid Plaister in which is to be dissolv'd the yellow Wax cut into small pieces Afterward having taken off the Pan from the Fire and left the Ingredients to be half cool'd intermix the Gums which have been already thicken'd and incorporated with the Turpentine then the Load-Stone mingl'd with the Birth-Wort Myrrh Mastick and Olibanum and last of all the Verdegrease Thus when all these Ingredients are well stirr'd and mixt together the Plaister will be entirely compounded so that it may be made up into Rolls and preserv'd to be us'd upon necessary Occasions This Plaister is efficacious in curing of all kinds of Wounds Ulcers Tumours and Contusions for it mollifies digestes and brings to Suppuration such Matter as ought to be carry'd off this way It also mundifies cicatrizes and entirely consolidates Wounds c. CHAP. IV. Of Cataplasms or Pultisses CATAPLASMS are usually prepar'd to asswage Pain as also to dissolve and dissipate recent Tumours and are made thus Take four Ounces and a half of white Bread one Pint of new Milk three Yolks of Eggs one Ounce of Oil of Roses one Dram of Saffron and two Drams of the Extract of Opium The Crum is to be taken out of the inside of a white Loaf newly drawn out of the Oven and to be boil'd with the Milk in a Skillet over a little Fire stirring it from time to time with a Spatula till it be reduc'd to a thick Pap. After having taken the Vessel off from the Fire the three Yolks of Eggs beaten are to be put into it and the Dram of Saffron pulveriz'd to these Ingredients may be added two Drams of the Extract of Opium somewhat liquid if the Pain be great Here is another Cataplasm proper to mollifie and to bring to Suppuration when it is necessary Take White-Lilly-Roots and Marsh-Mallow-Roots of each four Ounces the Leaves of common Mallows Marsh-Mallows Groundsel Violet-Plants Brank-Ursin of every one of these Herbs one handful the Meal of Line Fenugreek and Oil of Lillies of each three Ounces The Roots when wash'd and slic'd are to be boil'd in Water and the Leaves being added some time after the Boiling is to be continu'd till the whole Mass becomes perfectly tender and soft at which time having strain'd the Decoction beat the remaining gross Substance in a Stone-Mortar with a Wooden Pestle and pass the Pulp thro' a Hair-Sieve turn'd upside-down Then let the Decoction and Pulp so strain'd be put into a Skillet and having intermixt the Meal of Line Fenugreek and Oil of Lillies let 'em be boil'd together over a gentle Fire stirring about the Ingredients from time to time till they be all sufficiently thicken'd These two Cataplasms may serve as a Model for the making of many others CHAP. V. Of Oils OILS are made either by Infusion or Expression Simple Oil of Roses made by Infusion Take two Pounds of Roses newly gather'd and bruis'd in a Mortar half a Pint of the Juice of Roses and five Pints of common Oil Let the whole Composition be put into a Earthen-Vessel Leaded and well stopt and then let it be expos'd to the Sun during forty Days Afterward let it be boil'd in Balneo Mariae and having strain'd and squeez'd the Roses let the Oil be kept for use Compound Oil of Roses made by Infusion Take a Pound of Red Roses newly gather'd and pound 'em in a Mortar as also four Ounces of the Juice of Red Roses and two Quarts of common Oil. Let the whole Composition be put into an Earthen-Vessel Leaded the Mouth of which is narrow and well stopt and then having expos'd it to the Sun during four Days let it be set in Balneo Mariae for an Hour and then strain'd and squeez'd Afterward let this Liquor be put into the same Vessel adding to it the Juice of Roses and Roses themselves in the same quantity as before Let the Vessel be stopt let the Maceration Boiling Straining and Expression be made in like manner as before and let the same Operation be once more re-iterated Then let your Oil be depurated and preserv'd for use These Oils qualifie and disperse Defluctions of Humours suppress Inflammations mitigate the Head-ach and Deliriums and provoke to sleep They must be warm'd before the Parts are anointed with 'em and they may be given inwardly against the Bloody-flux and Worms the Dose being from half an Ounce to a whole Ounce The Parts are also anointed with 'em in Fractures and Dislocations of the Bones and Oxyrodins are made of 'em with an equal quantity of Vinegar of Roses Oil of Sweet Almonds made by Expression Take new Almonds that are fat and very dry without their Snells and having shaken 'em in a somewhat thick Sieve to cause the Dust to fall off let 'em be put into hot Water till their Skins become tender so that they may be separated by squeezing 'em with the Fingers Afterward having taken off the Skin they must be wip'd with a white Linnen-Cloth and spread upon it to be dry'd Then they are to be put into a Stone-Mortar and pounded with a Wooden-Pestle till the Paste grows very thin and begins to give Oil This Paste is to be put into a little Linnen-Bag new and strong the Mouth of which hath been well ty'd and the Bag is to be plac'd between two Platines of Tin or of Wood lin'd on the inside with a Leaf of Tin squeezing the whole Mass gently at first but afterward very strongly and leaving it for a long while in the Press that the Oil may have time to run out This Oil mitigates the Nephritick Colicks remedies the Retension of Urine facilitates Child-birth allayes the After-Pains in Women after their delivery and the Gripes in young Infants It is taken inwardly fasting from half an Ounce to two Ounces and it is us'd in
dreadful Symptoms or concomitant Circumstances The Degenerate Cancer is that which succeeds an obstinate and ill-dress'd Tumour or Impostume and which becomes an Ulcerated Cancer without assuming the Nature of a blind or occult one What Remedies are requisite to be apply'd to a blind Cancer In regard that it cannot be known in this Condition without difficulty it is often neglected nevertheless it is a Matter of great Moment to prevent its Consequences more especially by a good Diet and by general Remedies which may gently rectifie the intemperature of the Bowels Afterwards Baths may be prescrib'd together with the use of Whey Asses-Milk and Specificks in general as Powders of Crab's-Eyes Vipers Adders and others As for Topical Remedies none are to be administer'd except it be judg'd convenient to apply to the Tumour a Piece of Lead rubb'd with Quick-silver all others serving only to make the Skin tender and apt to break The Patient may also take for his Drink Water of Scorzonera and Hart's-Horn with the Flowers of Bugloss or Borage and Liquorice Or else Quick-silver-Water alone boiling an Ounce of it in a Quart of Water every time the Quick-silver always remaining at the bottom of the Vessel What are the Remedies for an ulcerated Cancer Besides the general ones that are the same with those of the blind Cancer there are also Topical which may take place here The Powders of Toads Moles Frogs and Crabs calcin'd cleanse the Ulcers perfectly well A Decoction of Vipers and Crabs may serve to bath 'em and some of it may be taken inwardly Detersives made of Lime-Water or Whey clarify'd and boil'd with Chervil are very good and if you please you may add Camphire or Saccharum Saturni If the Pains grow violent recourse is to be had to Laudanum one or two Grains whereof may be given in a little Conserve of Roses When the Cancer is situated in the Glandules or Flesh the Extirpation of it may also be undertaken with good Success As for the manner of handling Degenerate Cancers respect must be always had to the kind of Tumour from whence it deriv'd its Original CHAP. IV. Of Bastard or Encysted Tumours WHAT is an Encysted or Bastard Tumour or Impostume It is that which is made of a Setling of mixt and corrupt Humours the Matter whereof is contain'd in certain proper Cystes or Membranous Bags What are the kinds of these Tumours They are the Steatoma the Atheroma the Meliceris the Wen the Bronchocele and the Scrophula or King's-Evil How is the difference between these Tumours discern'd The Steatomá is known by its Matter resembling Suet as that of the Atheroma resembleth Pap and that of the Meliceris is like Honey These three Tumours cannot be well distinguish'd on the outside in regard that they do not change the natural Colour of the Skin which equally retains in all three the print of the Fingers that press it But the Bronchocele is discover'd by the Place and Part which it possesseth that is to say the Throat as also by its somewhat hard consistence without the Alteration of the Skin The Scrophulae or King's-Evil Swellings are known by their unequal Hardness and their situation in the Glandules either in the Neck Arm-pits or elsewhere without alteration likewise of the Skin REMEDIES What is the Method to be observ'd in curing these sorts of Tumours An Attempt is to be made to dissolve 'em as in all the others nevertheless the safest way is to bring 'em to Suppuration and to extirpate the Cystes which are apt to be sill'd again after the Dissipation of the Humour What are the Medicines proper to dissolve these Tumours They are all such as may be us'd for the Oedema and Scirrhus but the Specificks or particular Remedies are these Take Rosemary Sage Wormwood Elder great Celandine Camomile Melilot St. John's Wort and Tobacco boil 'em in White-Wine with Soot and Mercurial Honey adding thereto Cummin-seeds beaten and Olcum Lumbricorum to make a Cataplasm which is to be renew'd twice a Day Afterward if the Tumour be not dispers'd you may apply the following Plaister which hath an admirable Effect Take an equal Portion of the Plaister of Diachylon Devigo and four times as much Mercury and Emplastrum Divinum let 'em be dissolv'd together then intermix Saffron and Oil of Tobacco to make a Plaister with the whole Mass which may be spread upon thin Leather and apply'd to the Tumour without taking it off only once every eighth Day to cool it so that it must be laid on again after having wash'd and bath'd the Part with warm Urine or Brine But it is to be always remember'd that external Remedies take effect only imperfectly unless they are assisted by internal such as in this case are reirerated Purgations join'd with a regular Diet. What are the Remedies proper to excite Suppuration To this purpose those may be us'd that serve in other kinds of Tumours But as for the extirpation of the Cystis it is done by dividing the Tumour into four Parts by procuring Suppuration and by consuming the Bag by little and little The Bronchocele alone will not admit this Extirpation by reason of the great Number of Nerves Veins and neighbouring Arteries amidst which the Tumour is settl'd However Bronchotomy or opening the Throat may be perform'd which is an Operation peculiar to this Tumour CHAP. V. Of Critical Malignant Pestilential and Venereal Tumours and Impostumes WHAT difference is there between Critical Malignant Pestilential and Venereal Tumours It consists in these particular circumstances viz. that Critical Tumours or Impostumes are indifferently all such as are form'd at the End or Termination of Diseases in whatsoever Place or Part they appear Malignant Impostumes or Tumours are those that are obstinate and do not easily yield to the most efficacious Remedies Pestilential Impostumes or Tumours are those that are accompany'd with a Fever Swooning Head-ach and Faintness They usually arise in the time of a Plague or Pestilence and are contagious Venereal Tumours or Impostumes are those that appear only at the bottom of the Groin and are the product of an impure Coitus However the Critical Impostume may be Malignant Pestilential and Venereal the Malignant Impostume may be neither Critical nor Pestilential nor Venereal But the Pestilential and Venereal Tumours are always Malignant What are the ordinary kinds of Critical Tumours or Impostumes They are the Anthrax the Boil the Phlegmon and the Parotides or Swellings in the Almonds of the Ears What are the kinds of Malignant Tumours or Impostumes They are the Cancer the Scrophula or King's-Evil and others of the like Nature What are the kinds of Pestilential Tumours or Impostumes They are Carbuncles that break out every where a sort of Authrax which appears under the Arm-pits and Bubo's in the Groin What are the kinds of Venereal Tumours or Impostumes They are Botches or Bubo's and Cancers that arise in the Yard as also Wens and Condyloma's in the Fundament What is the difference between
a Pestilential and a Venereal Buboe They may be distinguish'd by their Situation and respective Accidents the Pestilential lying higher and the Venereal lower Besides a Fever Sickness at the Heart and an universal Faintness or Weakness are the ordinary concomitant Circumstances of the former whereas the Venereal Buboe is always the consequence of an impure Coitus and is attended with no other Symptoms than those of common Tumours viz. Pain Heat Shootings or Prickings c. As for the Remedies they may be sought for among those that have been already prescrib'd for Tumours CHAP. VI. Of the Scurvy THIS Disease is known by the Ulcers of the Mouth which are very stinking as also by excessive Salivation great Pains in the Head Dizziness frequent Epilepsies Apoplexies and Palsies The Face being of a pale red and dark Colour is sometimes puff'd up or bloated inflam'd and beset with Pustules The Teeth are loose and â—ake the Gums are swell'd itch putrifie exulcerate and are eaten with the Canker and the Jaw is almost unmoveable The Members are bow'd and cannot be extended The Patients become stupid and drowsie so that they fetch their Breath with difficulty are obnoxious to Palpitations of the Heart and Coughs and fall into Swoons The Ulcers sometimes are so malignant that their Cheeks are entirely eaten up and their Teeth seen They are also much inclin'd to Vomitting Looseness and Gripes and their Entrails are swell'd They have red and livid Pustules on their Belly and Privy-parts which sometimes break out into Ulcers their whole Body being dry'd c. This Disease may be easily cur'd in the beginning but when it is grown inveterate and invades the Bowels it becomes incurable as well as when it is the Epidemical Disease of the Country or the Persons afflicted with it are old or well advanc'd in Years In undertaking the Cure it is requisite to begin with a good Diet and to sweeten the Blood let the Patient take the Broth of boil'd Fowl eating Pullets and Eggs in the Broth may also be put divers sorts of Antiscorbutick Herbs viz. Cresses Spinage Parsly-Roots Sparagus Smallage Scorzonera Scurvy-Grass c. Let him eat nothing that is high season'd nor acid or sharp let him drink pure Claret without any adulterate Mixture let him use moderate Exercise and Rest Lastly let him keep his Mind sedate and free from all manner of violent Passion The following Remedies taken inwardly are very good for the Scurvy viz. the Tincture of Flints from ten Grains to thirty Diaphoretick Antimony from six Grains to thirty sweet Sublimate from six Grains to thirty Mars Diaphoreteus from ten Grains to twenty Crocus Martis Aperitivus from ten Grains to two Scruples prepar'd Coral from ten Grains to one Dram Volatile Spirit of Sal Ammoniack from six Drops to twenty Water of Cresses from fifteen Drops to one Dram Spirit of Scurvy-grass from ten Drops to one Dram Tincture of Antimony from four Drops to twenty Oily Volatile Sal Ammoniack from four Grains to fifteen Spirit of Guyacum from half a Dram to a Dram and a half Vitrioliz'd Tartar from ten Grains to thirty the Volatile Salt of Tartar Urine Vipers and Hart's-Horn of each from six Grains to fifteen the Spirit of Gum Ammoniack from eight Drops to sixteen White Mercury Precipitate from four to ten Grains Mercurial Panacaea from six Grains to two Scruples We shall shew the manner of compounding 'em in our Treatise of Venereal Diseases It is also expedient to give Emollient and Detersive Clysters to the Patient at Night going to bed his Body being always kept open with convenient Diet-drinks Afterward let him take gentle Sudorificks such as are made of the Decoctions of Fumitory wild Cicory Dandelion Hart's-Tongue Scabious the lesser House-Leek Germander Borage Scorzonera-Root and Polypody with Flowers of Broom Elder and Mary gold These are stronger for cold Constitutions viz. Decoctions of Scurvy-Grass Lepidium Arse-smart the lesser Celandine Wormwood little House-Leek Trifolium Febrinum Angelico Juniper-Berries c. Convenient Decoctions to wash the Mouth may be made with Sage Rosemary Hyssop Oak-Leaves Scurvy-Grass Cresses Tobacco Roots of Bistort Aristolochy or Birth-Wort Tormentil Flower-de-Luce Balaustia or Pomegranate-Flowers Red Roses c. To corroborate the Gums Gargarisms are made of Anti-Scorbutick Plants as of Spirit of Scurvy-Grass two Drams one Scruple of Spirit of Vitriol one Scruple of common Salt four Ounces of Rose-Water and Plantane-Water But if the Gums are putrefy'd they are to be rubb'd with Honey of Roses and some Drops of Spirit of Salt To asswage the Pains of the Members Bathings and Fomentations are to be us'd and a Decoction of Saxifrage taken inwardly with some Grains of Laudanum is good for that Purpose To allay the Gripes Clysters may be given with Whey Sugar Yolks of Eggs Syrrop of Poppies and Oils of Earth-Worms Scurvy-Grass Camomile c. Against the Scorbutick Dropsy take the Essence of Trifolium Febrinum and Elicampane from twenty four Drops to thirty and continue the use thereof Milk taken inwardly hinders Vomitting and a Broth or Gelly of Crabs sweetens the Blood The Looseness may be stopt with the Essence of Wormwood and Spirit of Mastick as also the Fever with Febrifuges and Anti-scorbuticks The Spots may be fomented with Decoctions of Aromatick and Anti-Scorbutick Herbs and Nitre For the Ulcers of the Legs pulverize an equal quantity of Saccharum Saturni Crocus Martis Myrrh and Mercurius Dulcis and lay it upon the Bolsters that are to be apply'd to the Sores To mollifie the sharpness of Acid Humours this is a good Remedy Prepare half an Ounce of Spirit of Scurvy-Grass two Drams of tartariz'd Spirit Ammoniack a Dram of the Tincture of Worms Take thrice a Day fifteen or twenty Drops of this Liquor in a Decoction of the Tops of Firr Against the Tubercles take two Handfuls of the Flowers of Camomile and Elder three Drams of Briony-Root and an Handful of White-Bread Crum Boil the whole Composition in Milk and make Cataplasms thereof To mitigate the Pains in the Head take twenty or thirty five Drops of the Tincture of Amber in Anti-scorbutick Spirits or Waters The difficulty of Respiration may be remov'd by a Medicinal Composition made of two Drams of an Anti-scorbutick Water two Drams of the Essence of Elicampane and half a Dram of the Spirit of Gum Ammoniack take three or four Spoonfuls thereof several times in a Day To prevent the putrefaction of the Gums take one Dram of the Tincture of Gum Lacca three Drams of the Spirit of Scurvy-Grass with fifteen or twenty Drops of Oil of Tartar made per Deliquium and rub the Gums with this Composition many times in a Day Brandy in which Camphire is infus'd or Spirit of Wine is likewise a most excellent Remedy as also all Lotions or Washes made with the Waters or Decoctions of Anti-scorbutick Plants For Leanness Goat's-Milk with the Spirit of Scurvy-Grass may be us'd and other Waters drawn from Anti-scorbutick Plants The
keep his Bed in a warm Room and never rise till it shall be thought fit to stop the Salivation which continues twenty or twenty five Days or rather till it becomes Laudable that is to say till it be no longer stinking nor colour'd but clear and fluid If a Looseness shou'd happen during the Salivation it wou'd cease so that to renew it the Looseness may be stay'd with Clysters made of Milk and the Yolks of Eggs and in case the Salivation shou'd not begin afresh it must be excited with a slight Friction But if it shoul'd be too violent it may be diminish'd by some gentle Purge or with four or five Grains of Aurum Fulminans taken in Conserve of Roses Three or four Pints of Rheum are commonly salivated every Day in a Bason made for that purpose which the Patient holds in his Bed near his Mouth so as the Spittle may run into it But if the Fluxing shou'd not cease of it self at the time when it ought he must be purg'd to put a stop thereto If any Ulcers remain in his Mouth to dry 'em up Gargarisms are to be often us'd which are made of Barley-Water Honey of Roses or luke-warm Wine The Warts are cur'd by binding 'em if a Ligature be possible or else they may be consum'd with Causticks such as the Powder of Savine or Aqua-fortis by corroding the neighbouring Parts sometimes they are cut left to bleed for a while and bath'd with warm Wine When the Patient begins to rise he must be purg'd his Linnen Bed and Chamber being chang'd and afterward his Strength is to be recruited with good Victuals and generous Wine If he were too much weaken'd let him take Cow's-Milk with Saccharum Rosatum If the Pox were not inveterate the Fluxing might be excited by the Panacaea alone without any Frictions For after the Phlebotomy Purgations and Bathings duly administer'd the Patient might take ten Grains of the Mercurial Panacaea in the Morning and as many at Night on the next Day fifteen Grains might be given and the like quantity at Night on the third Day twenty Grains might be given both Morning and Evening on the fourth Day twenty five Grains in the Morning and as many at Night and on the fifth Day thirty Grains in the Morning and the very same quantity in the Evening continuing thus to augment the Dose till the Fluxing comes in abundance and it may be maintain'd by giving every two or every three Days twelve Grains of the Panacaea This Course must be continually follow'd till the Salivation becomes Laudable and the Symptoms cease The manner of making the Mercurial Panacaea To prepare this Panacaea it is requisite to take Mercury reviv'd from Cinnabar because it is more pure than Mercury which is immediately dug out of the Mine The Mercury is reviv'd with Cinnabar after this manner Take a Pound of artificial Cinnabar pulveriz'd and mighled exactly with three Pounds of unslack'd Lime in like manner beaten to Powder Let this Mixture be put into a Retort of Stone or Glass luted the third part of which at least remains empty Let it be plac'd in a reverberating Furnace and after having fitted a Recipient fill'd with Water let the whole be left during twenty four Hours at least then let the Fire be put under it by degrees and at length let the Heat be very much augmented whereupon the Mercury will run Drop by Drop into the Recipient Let the Fire be continu'd till nothing comes forth and the Operation will be perform'd generally in six or seven Hours Then pour the Water out of the Recipient and having wash'd the Mercury to cleanse it from some small quantity of Earth that may stick thereto let it be dry'd with Cloaths or else with the Crum of Bread Thus thirteen Ounces of Mercury may be drawn off from every Pound of artificial Cinnabar The Panacaea is made of sweet Sublimate and the later of corrosive Sublimate To make the corrosive Sublimate put sixteen Ounces of Mercury reviv'd from Cinnabar into a Matrass pour upon it eighteen Ounces of Spirit of Nitre place the Matras upon the Sand which must be somewhat hot and leave it there till the Dissolution be effected Then pour off this dissolâ—ed Liquor which will be as clear as Water into a Glass Vial or into a Sâ—one-Jug and let its Moisture evaporate gently over the Sand-Fire till a white Mass remains which you may pulverize in a Glass Mortar mingling it with sixteen Ounces of Vitriol calcin'd and as much decrepited Salt Put this Mixture into a Matras two third parts of which remain empty and the Neck of which hath been cut in the middle of its height then fix the Matras in the Sand and begin to kindle a gentle Fire underneath which may be continu'd for three Hours afterwards let Coals be thrown upon it till the Fire burn very vehemently and a Sublimate will arise on the top of the Matras so that the Operation may be perform'd within the space of six or seven Hours Let the Matras be cool'd and afterward broken avoiding a kind of Flower or light Powder which flyes up into the Air as soon as this Matter is remov'd whereupon you 'll find nineteen Ounces of very good corrosive Sublimate but the red Scoria or Dross which settleth at the bottom must be cast away as unprofitable This Sublimate being a powerful Escarotick eats away proud Flesh and is of singular use in cleansing old Ulcers if half a Dram thereof be dissolv'd in a Pint of Lime-Water it gives a yellow Tincture and this is that which is call'd the Phagaedonick-Water The sweet Sublimate of which the Panacaea is immediately compos'd is made with sixteen Ounces of corrosive Sublimate pulveriz'd in a Marble or Glass-Mortar intermixing with it by little and little twelve Ounces of Mercury reviv'd from Cinnabar Let this Mixture be stirr'd about with a Wooden Pestle till the Quick-silver become imperceptible then put the Powder which will be of a grey Colour into divers Glass-Vials or into a Matras of which two third parts remain empty place your Vessel on the Sand and kindle a small Fire in the beginning the Heat of which may be afterward encreas'd to the third Degree Let it continue in this Condition till the Sublimate be made and the Operation will be generally consummated in four or five Hours whereupon you may break your Vial and throw away as useless a little light Earth that lies at the bottom You must also separate that which sticks to the Neck of the Vials or of the Matras and keep it for Ointments against the Itch but carefully gather together the white Matter which lies in the middle and having pulveriz'd it cause it to be sublimated in the Vials or Matras as before This Matter must also be separated again as we have already shown and put into other Vials to be sublimated a third time Lastly the terrestrial parts in the bottom and the fuliginous in
the Neck of the Vials must be in like manner separated still preserving the Sublimate in the middle which will then be very well dulcify'd and amount to the quantity of twenty five Ounces and an half It is an Efficacious Remedy for all sorts of Venereal Diseases removes Obstructions kills Worms and purgeth gently by stool being taken in Pills from six Grains to thirty Of the proper Composition of the Mercurial Panacaea Take what quantity you please of sweet Sublimate reduce it to Powder in a Marble or Glass-Mortar and put it into a Matras three quarters whereof remain empty and of which you have cut off the Neck in the middle of its Height Then place this Matras in a Furnace or Balneum of Sand and make a little Fire underneath for an Hour to give a gentle Heat to the Matter which may be augmented by little and little to the third degree Let it continue in this state about five Hours and the Matter will be sublimated within that space of time Then let the Vessel cool and break it throwing away as unprofitable a little light sort of Earth of a reddish Colour which is found at the bottom and separating all the Sublimate from the Glass Afterward pulverize it a second time and let it be sublimated in a Matras as before Thus the Sublimations must be reiterated seven several times changing the Matrasses every time and casting away the light Earth Then having reduc'd your Sublimate to a very sine impalpable Powder by grinding it upon a Porphyry or Marble Stone put it into a Glass Cucurbite or Gourd pour into it alkaliz'd Spirit of Wine to the height of four Fingers cover the Cucurbite with its Head and leave the Matter in Infusion during fifteen Days stirring it about from time to time with an Ivory Spatula Afterward set your Cucurbite in Balneo Mariae or in a Vaporous Bath make fit a Recipient to the Mouth of the Alembick lute the Joints exactly with a moisten'd Bladder and cause all the Spirit of Wine to be destill'd with a moderate Fire Let the Vessels be cool'd and unluted and the Panacaea will appear at the bottom of the Cucurbite If it be not already dry enough you may dry it up with a gentle Fire in the Sand stirring it with an Ivory or Wooden Spatula in the Cucurbite it self till it be reduc'd to Powder It may be kept for use in a Glass-Vessel as a Remedy of very great Efficacy for all sorts of Venenereal Diseases as also for Obstructions the Scurvy Scrophula or King's-Evil Tettar Scab Scurf Worms Ascarides inveterate Ulcers c. The Dose is from six Grains to two Scruples in Conserve of Roses A TREATISE OF THE DISEASES OF THE BONES CHAP. I. Of the Dislocation of the Bones WHAT are the Diseases incident to the Bones They are five in number viz. Dislocation Fracture Caries or Ulcer Exostosis and Nodus What is a Dislocation or Luxation It is the starting of the Head of one Bone out of the Cavity of another with an Interdiction of the proper Motion of the Part Or else it is the disjointing of two Bones united together for the Motion of a Part. How many causes are there of Dislocation in general Two that is to say one violent and the other gentle thus the Dislocation is made violently in Falls Strains Knocks and Blows but it is done gently and slowly in Defluctions of Rheum as also by an insensible gathering together of Humours between the Joints and upon the Ligaments the Relaxation or loosening of which gives occasion afterward to the Head of the Bone to go out of its place whence this Consequence may well be drawn viz. that a violent Dislocation usually depends upon an external Cause and a gentle Dislocation upon an internal After how many manners doth a Dislocation happen Two several Ways viz. the first is called compleat total and perfect and the second incompleat partial and imperfect But both may happen before behind on the inside and without and may also be simple or complicated What are the signs of a perfect total and compleat Dislocation It is when a hard Tumour or Swelling is perceiv'd near a Hole in the place of the Joint great pain being felt in the Part and the Motion of it abolith'd What are the signs of an imperfect partial and incompleat Dislocation It is when the Motion is streighten'd and weaker than ordinary so that some Pain is felt in the Joynt and a Deformity may be discern'd therein by comparing the hurt Part with the opposite which is sound This Dislocation is otherwise call'd a Sprain when it proceeds from an external Cause or else it is termed a Relaxation when it happens by an internal What is a simple and what is a complicated Dislocation or Luxation The Dislocation is properly simple when it hath no concomitant Accidents and it is complicated when accompany'd with some ill Symptoms or Accidents such as Swellings Inflammations Wounds Fractures c. What are the means proper to be us'd in a simple Dislocation A speedy and simple reducing thereof which is perform'd by stretching out the dislocated or luxated Member and thrusting back the Head of the Bone into its natural place Afterward the Joynt must be strengthen'd with a Fomentation made with Provence Roses the Leaves of Wormwood Rosemary Camomile St. John's-Wort and Oak-Moss boil'd in the Lees of Wine and forge-Forge-Water keeping the Part well bound up and sustain'd in a convenient situation But if any ill Consequence is to be fear'd apply Emplastrum Oxycroceum or Diapalma dissolv'd in Wine What is to be done in a complicated Dislocation The Accidents must be first remov'd and then the Bone may be set which is impossible to be done otherwise it being dangerous even to make an Attempt before by reason of the too great Violence with which it is effected and which would infallibly produce a Convulsion or a Gangrene If the Dislocation be accompany'd with a Wound must the Wound be cur'd before any Endeavours are us'd to reduce it No but the Symptoms of the Wound which hinder the Operation must be taken away as the Swelling Inflammation and others of the like Nature and then it may be reduc'd and the Wound may be dress'd according to the usual Method If the Dislocation be complicated with the Fracture what is to be done then It is necessary to begin with reducing of the Dislocation and afterward to perform that of the Fracture by reason of the Extension which must be made to reduce the Dislocation which would absolutely hinder the Setling of the Fracture How is the Inflammation and Swelling to be asswag'd With Linnen Cloaths dipt in Brandy and common Water which must be often renew'd or else with the Tops of Wormwood and Camomile with Sage and Rosemary boil'd in the Lees of Wine wherein the Bolsters and Bands are to be steep'd But all Repereussives and Astringents must be avoided How doth it appear that the Reduction is
Phlebotomy They are an Impostume a Rhombus an Echymosis an Aneurism Lipothymy Swooning and a Convulsion What is a Rhombus It is a small Tumour of the Blood which happens in the place where the Operation is perform'd either by making the Orifice too small or larger than the Capaciousness of the Vessel will admit The Rhombus is cur'd by laying upon it a Bolster dipt in fair Water between the Folds of which must be put a little Salt to dissolve and prevent the Suppuration How may it be perceiv'd that an Artery hath been prickt or open'd in letting Blood The Puncture of an Artery produceth an Aneurism and the Opening of it causeth a Flux of Vermilion Colour'd Blood which issueth forth in abundance and by Leaps Are the Leaps which the Blood makes in running a certain Sign that it comes from an Artery No because it may so happen that the Basilick Vein lies directly upon an Artery the beating of which may cause the Blood of the Basilica to run out leaping Therefore these three Circumstances ought to be consider'd jointly that is to say the Vermilion Colour the great quantity and the Leaps in order to be assur'd that the Blood proceeds from an Artery How may it be discover'd that a Tendon hath been hurt in letting Blood It is known when in opening the Median Vein the end of the Lancet hath met with some Resistance when the Patient hath felt great Pain and afterward when the Tendon apparently begins to be puff'd up and the Arm to swell A Remedy may be apply'd to this Accident thus after having finish'd the Operation a Bolster steep'd in Oxycratum is to be laid upon the Vessel a proper Bandage is to be made and the Arm must be wrapt up in a Scarf If the Inflammation that ariseth in the Part be follow'd with Suppuration it must be dress'd with a small Tent and if the Suppuration be considerable it is necessary to dilate the Wound and to make use of Oil of Eggs and Brandy or Arcaeus's Liniment with a good Digestive as also to apply Emplastrum Ceratum to make an Embrocation on the Arm with Oil of Roses and to dip the Bolsters in Oxycratum to cover the whole Part. Is it not to be fear'd that some Nerve may be wounded in letting Blood No they lie so deep that they cannot be touch'd Vnder what Vein is the Artery of the Arm It is usually situated under the Basilica What Course is proper to be taken to avoid the Puncture of an Artery in letting Blood It must be felt with the Hand before the Ligature is made observing well whether it be deep or superficial for when it lies deep there is nothing to be fear'd and when it is superficial it may be easily avoided by pricking the Vein either higher or lower What is to be done when an Artery is open'd If it be well open'd it is requisite to let the Blood run out till the Person falls into a Syncope or Swoon by which means the Aneurism is prevented and afterward the Blood will be more easily stopt It remains only to make a good Bandage with many Bolsters in the first of which is simply put a Counter or a Piece of Money but a bit of Paper chew'd will serve much better with Bolsters laid upon it in several Folds If the Arteries cause so much trouble when open'd accidentally why are those of the Temples sometimes open'd on purpose to asswage violent Pains in the Head By reason that in this place the Arteries are situated upon the Bones that press 'em behind which very much facilitates their re-union Are not the Arteries of Persons advanc'd in Years more difficult to be clos'd than those of Children Yes Are there not Accidents to be fear'd in letting Blood in the Foot Much less than in the Arm because the Veins of the Malleoli or Ankles are not accompany'd either with Arteries or Tendons which gave occasion to the Saying That the Arm must be given to be let Blood only to an able Surgeon but the Foot may be afforded to a young Practitioner A TREATISE OF Chirurgical Operations CHAP. I. Of the Operation of the Trepan THIS Operation is to be perform'd when it is inferr'd from the Signs of which we have already given a particular Account that some Matter is diffus'd over the Dura Mater The Trepan must not be us'd in the Sinus Superciliares by reason of their Cavity nor in the Sutures in regard of the Vessels that pass thro' 'em nor in the Temporal Bone without great necessity especially in that part of it which is join'd to the Parietal-Bone lest the end of this Bone shou'd fly out of its place since it is only laid upon the Parietal nor in the middle of the Coronal and Occipital-Bones by reason of an inner Prominence wherein they adhere to the Dura Mater nor in the Passage of the Lateral Sinus's that are situated on the side of the Occipital If the Fissure be very small the Trepan may be apply'd upon it altho' it is more expedient to use this Instrument on the side of the Fissure in the lower part neither is the Trepan to be set upon the Sinkings and if the Bones are loosen'd or separated there needs no other trepanning than to take 'em away with the Elevatory The Operation must be begun with Incision which is usually made in form of a Cross if the Wound be remote from the Sutures and there are no Muscles to be cut and in the shape of the Letter T. or of the Figure 7. if it be near the Sutures so that the Foot of the 7. or of the T. ought to be parallel to the Suture the top of the Letter descending toward the Temples it is also made in the middle of the Forehead If it be sufficient to make a longitudinal Incision in the Forehead its Wrinkles may be follow'd and there will be less Deformity in the Scar but it is never done Crosswise in this Part and the Lips of the Wound are not to be cut If an Incision be made on the Muscle Crotaphites and on those of the back-part of the Head it may be done in form of the Letter V. the Point of which will stand at the bottom of the Muscles nevertheless it is more convenient to make a longitudinal Incision by which means fewer Fibres will be cut and it is always requisite to begin at the lower part to avoid being hindred by the Haemorrhage The Incisions are to be made with the Incision-Knife and that too boldly when there are no Sinkings but if there be any too much weight must not be laid upon 'em Thus the Incision being finish'd the Lips of the Skull are to be separated either with the Fingers or some convenient Instrument Then if there be no urgent Occasion to apply the Trepan it may be deferr'd till the next Day the Wound being dress'd in the mean time with Plaisters Bolsters Pledgets and a large Kerchief or upper Dressing
Blood may be stopt with Astringents If any parts of the Cystis remain they are to be consum'd with Corrosives and the Lips of the Wound are to be drawn together without a Stitch making use only of an agglutinative Plaister But if the Tumour adheres very close to the Pericranium it is most expedient not to meddle with it at all Of Ganglions Ganglions are Tumours arising upon the Tendons and Nervous Parts which may be cur'd by thrusting 'em violently and making a very streight Bandage provided they be very recent a resolvent Plaister is to be also apply'd to the Part. CHAP. XXV Of the Operation of the Hydrocephalus THIS Operation is perform'd when it is necessary to discharge watry Humours out of the Head If these Waters lie under the Skin a very large Opening is to be made with a Lancet and a small Tube or Pipe left therein to let 'em run out If the Water be situated between the Brain and the Dura Mater the Membrane is to be perforated with a Lancet after the Trepan hath been apply'd according to the usual Method of which we have already given some account Cauteries and Scarifications may be also us'd to very good purpose in this Disease CHAP. XXVI Of the Operation of cutting the Tongue-String WHEN the Ligament of the Tongue in Infants is extended to its Extremity they cannot suck without difficulty and when grown up they have an impediment in their Speech This Ligament may be cut with a little pair of Sizzers to which purpose the Thumb of the Left-hand being laid upon the Gum of the lower Jaw to keep the Mouth open the Tongue may be rais'd upward with the Fore-Finger of the same Hand and the Sizzers may be pass'd between the two Fingers to divide the String as near as is possible to the Root of the Tongue avoiding the Vessels If an Haemorrhage happens recourse may be had to styptick-Styptick-Waters Afterward the Nurse must take care to let a Finger be often put into the Child's Mouth to prevent the re-uniting of the String CHAP. XXVII Of the Operation of opening stopt Ductus's IF there be only one Membrane that stops the Entrance of the Vagina an Incision may be made and a Leaden Pipe put into it having Rings to fasten it to the Waste to hinder the re-uniting of the Wound If the Lips of the Pudendum are conglutinated or clos'd up the Patient must be laid upon her Back and her Knees rais'd up in order to make an Incision with a crooked Incision-Knife beginning at the Top and then a Leaden Pipe is to be put into the Opening If the Vagina be fill'd with a Fleshy Substance an Incision is to be made therein till it be entirely perforated putting at the same time a Leaden Tube into the Orifice If the Urinary Ductus as well in young Boys as in Virgins be stopt up an Incision is to be made therein with a very narrow Lancet and if a small Leaden Pipe can be conveniently introduc'd it may be done but it is not very necessary in regard that Children are almost always making Water which wou'd of it self hinder the closing of the Orifice If the Ductus of the Ear be stopt with a Membrane it must be perforated taking care not to go too far for fear of piercing the Membrane of the Tympanum or Drum and a small Leaden Pipe is to be put into the Opening If there be a carnous Exerescence on the outside of the Ear a Ligature ought to be made therein or else it may be cut with a pair of Sizzers to cause it to fall off and the rest of the Fleshy Substance that remains in the Ear must be consum'd with Causticks convey'd to the Part by the means of a small Tube care being had nevertheless to avoid cauterizing the Tympanum CHAP. XXVIII Of the Operation of the Phimosis and Paraphimosis WHEN the Praeputium is so streight that the Glans can be no longer uncover'd this Indisposition is call'd Phimosis but if the Praeputium be turn'd back above the Glans after such a manner that it can no longer cover the same Glans it is a Paraphimosis If in the Phimosis the Praeputium cleaves very close round about the Glans it is most expedient to let it alone but if in handling the Glans it be perceiv'd that it is moveable or else that some parts of it only stick together the Operation may be perform'd after this manner The Patient being set in a Chair a Servant is employ'd in pulling back the Skin to the Root of the Penis to the end that the Incision may be made directly at the bottom of the Glans Then the Surgeon having drawn out the bottom of the Praeputium introduceth a small Instrument with a very sharp Point on its flat side at the end of which is sixt a Button of Wax pierceth the Praeputium at the bottom of the Glans on the side of the Thread and finisheth the Incision by drawing the Instrument toward himself The Paraphimosis is cur'd by making Fomentations on the Part to allay the Inflammation if there be any and it is to be pull'd down with the Fingers But if Medicinal Preparations prove ineffectual Scarifications are to be made round about the Praeputium and afterward convenient Remedies may be apply'd to remove the Inflammation and prevent the Mortification of the Part so that at length the Praeputium may be drawn over the Glans CHAP. XXIX Of the Operation of the Varix IN order to cure this Tumour the Surgeon having first cut the Skin to discover the dilated Vein separates it from the Membranes and passeth underneath a crooked Neodle with a double wax'd Thread then he makes a Ligature both above and below the dilatation of the Vein opens the dilared Part with a Lancet to let out the Blood and applie a convenient Bandage But without performing this Operation the Vein might be open'd with a Lancet to draw out a sufficient quantity of Blood and then the Varix is to be press'd with 〈◊〉 somewhat close Bandage CHAP. XXX Of the Operation of the Panaritium THE Panaritium is an Abcess which ariseth at the end of the Fingers some of these Tumours are only superficial and others penetrate even under the Periosteum nevertheâ—ess after whatsoever manner the Panaritium may happen it ought to be open'd on the side of the Finger that the Tendons may not be â—urt If the Abcess be extended under the Periosteum the opening must be made on the side and the Lancet thrust forward to the Bone Afterward the Pus or corrupt Matter is to be discharg'd which wou'd cause the Tendons to putrisie if it shou'd remain too long upon ' em The Dressing and Bandage Are made with a Plaister cut in form of a Malta Cross which is apply'd at the middle to the end of the Finger the Heads being cross'd round about The Bolsters must be also cut in the shape of the Malta Cross or of a plain Cross only the Band