in any Part of the Continent under the same Parallel The Cold during the Winter is not so piercing nor the Heat in the Summer so scorching as to recommend much less to enforce the use of Stoves in the one or Grotto's in the other The opposite Place of the Globe to England is that part of the Pacifick Ocean between 200 and 210 Degrees of Longitude with 50 and 56 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying in the 9th 10th and 11th North Climate is generally so Fertil and produceth such plenty of Grain Fruits Roots Herbs c. that the excellency of its Soil is best declar'd by those Transcendent Elogies deservedly bestow'd on her both by Ancient and Modern Writers who call England the Granary of the Western World the Seat of Ceres c. that her Vallies are like Eden her Hills like Lebanon her Springs as Pisgah and her Rivers as Jordan that she 's a Paradise of Pleasure and the Garden of God The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 17 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost is almost 8 Hours and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Corn Cattle Tyn Copper Lead Iron Timber Coals abundance of Wooll Cloath Stufts Linnen Hides Tallow Butter Cheese Beer c. In most Counties of this Kingdom are still extant some noted Circular Stone Monuments like those in Scotland abovemention'd page 193 particularly The Seventy seven Stones at Saleeds in Cumberland commonly term'd Long Meg and her Daughters Those call'd Rolle-rich Stones in Oxfordshire Those near Enisham in Northumberland Those upon the River Loder in Westmorland Those near Burrow-Bridge in Yorkshire Those near Exmore in Devonshire and finally the Hurlers and those at Biscaw-woun in Cornwall c. But most observable of all is Stonehenge the Chorea Gigantum of the Ancients on Salisbury-Plain Which Monuments are thought by some to consist of Natural Stones by others of Stones artificially compounded of pure Sand Lime Vitriol and other unctious Matter But if the Reader desires to see the various Conjectures of the Curious concerning the Nature and Design of all such Monuments together with the Draught of Stone-henge in particular let him consult the late Edition of Camden's Britannia page 23 95 108 269. 2. In many Parts of England are yet to be seen the Vestigia and Remains of divers Roman Military Ways the principal of which is that mention'd in Leland's M. S. beginning at Dover and passing through Kent to London from thence to St. Albans Dunstable Stratford Toucester Littlebourn St. Gilbert's Hill near Shrewsbury then by Stratton and so through the middle of Wales to Cardigan 3. In this Country are abundance of Medicinal Waters whether for Bathing as those especially in Somersetshire call'd the Baths 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Purging particularly those of the Spaws in Yorkshire Tunbridge in Kent Ebisham and Dulledge in Surry North-hall Acton and Islington in Middlesex Here also are many other very remarkable Springs whereof some are mightily impregnorated either with Salt as that at Durtwich in Worcestershire or Sulphure as the famous Well at Wiggin in Lancashire of which afterwards or Bituminous Matter as that at Pitchford in Shropshire Others have a Petrifying Quality as particularly that near Lutterworth in Leicestershire and the remarkable Droping-Well in the West-Riding of Yorkshire And finally some Ebb and Flow but that generally in a very irregular manner as those of Peak-Forrest in Derbyshire and Lay-Well near Torbuy whose Waters rise and fall several times in one Hour To these we may add that remarkable Fountain near Richard's Castle in Herefordshire commonly call'd Bone-Well which is always full of small Fish-bones or such resemblances though frequently empti'd and clear'd of them 4 Many are the Roman Altars which from time to time are dug up in this Kingdom especially the Northern Parts thereof As for their particular Shapes and remarkable Inscriptions with the places where now to be seen Vid. Cambden late Edition page 568 570 734 782 783 826 836 844. and from 848 to 852. inclusively 5. In several places between Carlisle and Newcastle are some Remains of the famous Picts Wall so much talkt off by our English Historians which did run through Cumberland and Northumberland beginning at Tinmouth Bar and ending at Solway-Frith 6 In Cambridgeshire are Tracts of those large Ditches thrown up by the East-Angles to prevent the Incursions of the Mercians who frequently ruin'd all before them And nigh to the Town of Cambridge are some Vestigia of two spacious Camps one Roman at Arborough a mile North of Cambridge and the other at Gogmagog-Hills on the other side of the Town 7. Near Wiggin in Lancashire is the remarkable Well abovemention'd which being empti'd there presently breaks out a sulphurous Vapour which makes the Water bubble up as if it boil'd and a Candle being put thereto it instantly takes Fire and burns like Brandy During a Calm the Flame will continue a whole Day and by its Heat they can boil Eggs Meat c. and yet the Water it self is cold 8. In Whinâ—ield Park in Westmorland is the Three-Brother-Tree so call'd because there were Three of 'em the least whereof is this which a good way from the Root is thirteen Yards and a half in Circumference 9. At Brosely Bently and Pitchford with other Places adjacent in Shropshire is found over most of the Coal-pits a Stratum of blackish porous Stone much impregnorated with bituminous Matter which Stone being pulveriz'd and boil'd in Water the bituminous Substance riseth to the top and being gather'd off it comes to the Consistency of Pitch and is us'd for such with good Effect 10. In Derbyshire is the famous Peak and some hideous Cavities as those call'd Pool's Hole Elden Hole and another which goes by the indecent Name of the Devil's Arse In the first of these is dropping Water of a petrifying Nature and at a small distance from it a little clear Brook remarkable for consisting both of hot and cold Water so join'd in the same Stream that a Man may at once put the Finger and Thumb of the same Hand one into hot and the other into cold 11. Near Whitby in the North-Riding of Yorkshire are found certain Stones resembling the Folds and Wreaths of a Serpent And at Huntly-Nabb in the same Riding are other Stones of several sizes and so exactly round as if artificially made for Cannon Balls which being broken do commonly contain divers stony Serpents wreath'd up in Circles but generally without Heads 12 Near Alderly in Glocestcrshire and on the tops of Mountains not far from Richmond with several other parts of England are Stones resembling Cokles Oysters and divers other Water Animals which if once living Creatures or the ludicrous Fancy of Nature is not now my business to enquire 13. In Mendippe-hills in Somersetshire is a prodigious Cave call'd Ochy-Hole which being of a considerable length in it are discover'd some Wells and
Saxony by 94600 Pounds In Dimension 't is eleven foot Diameter forty in Circuit and twelve High 4 In Nanking is another of eleven foot High and seven in Diamiter and weighing 50000 Pounds which also surpasseth the Bell of Erfurd weighing only 25400 Pounds yet hitherto suppos'd the greatest in the World by almost double its weight 5. In China are several Vulcano's particularly that Mountain call'd Lincsung which vomits out Fire and Ashes so furiously as frequently to raise some hideous Tempests in the Air. 6. Here are some Rivers whose Waters are cold at the top but warm beneath as also several remarkable Fountains which send forth so hot a Steam that People usually boil Meat over them 7. In this Country are several Lakes remarkable for changing Copper into Iron or making it just of the like resemblance as also for causing Storms when any thing is thrown into them 8. In the Island Haman there is said to be Water uncertain whether in Lake River or Fountain of such a strange quality that it petrifies some sort of Fishes when they unfortunately chance to enter into it 9. Many are those Triumphal Arches to be seen in most of the noted Cities of this Empire erected in Honour of such Persons as have either done some signal pieces of Service to the State or have been conspicuous in their times for their singular Knowledge 10. In this Country are several remarkable Bridges particularly that over a a River call'd Sâ—ffruny which reaches from one Mountain to another being Four hundred Cubits long and Five hundred high and all but one Arch whence 't is call'd by Travellers Pons volans Here likewise is another of Six hundred and sixty Perches in length and one and a half broad standing upon Three hundred Pillars without any Arches Lastly In China are many very observable Plants Animals and Fossils especially the last among which is the Asbestos But for a particular Account of ' em Vid. Kircherus's China Illustrata Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities are hardly to be expected her however this Country according to the Testimony of Popish Missionaries is furnisht with some of these Pekin Nanquin and Macao having each of 'em a particular Bishop nominated by the King of Portugal and the other Provinces are under the Jurisdiction of three Apostolical Vicars Under which Ecclesiastical Superiors there are by their Relations above Two hundred Churches or Private Chappels dedicated to the True God The Chinois Persons for the most part of a fair Complexion short Nosed black Eyed and of very thin Beards are great Lovers of Sciences and generally esteem'd a very ingenious sort of People They 're said to have had the use of Printing and Guns long before either of 'em was known in Europe Many of 'em are great Proficients in several Parts of the Mathematicks especially Arithmetick Geometry and Astronomy and so conceited are they of their own Knowledge in these things and so mean are their Thoughts of others that 't is generally reported of 'em that speaking of themselves they commonly say That they have two Eyes the Europeans one and the rest of the World none at all They who wholly apply themselves to the study of Sciences and make such proficiency in them as to become Doctors to others are distinguish'd by their long Nails suffering 'em sometimes to grow as long as their Fingers that being esteem'd a singular Characteristick of a profound Scholar and a differencing mark between them and Mechanicks The Language of the Chinois is extremely difficult to be acquir'd by Strangers and differeth from all others both as to its Nature Pronunciation and way of Writing 1. It s Nature They use no Alphabet as Europeans do and are astonish'd to hear that by Twenty four Letters we can express our Thoughts and fill Libraries with Books In lieu of an Alphabet they formerly us'd Hieroglyphicks setting down the Images of things for the things themselves but this being extreamly tedious and likeways defective there being no such Resemblances of pure Abstracts they then made Characters to signify Words numbring them according to the number of Words they needed to express their Idea's which Characters arise to such a prodigious multitude that not only Strangers but even the Natives themselves sind it a very difficult matter to acquire an intimate acquaintance with them all 2. It s Pronounciation Although all the Original Terms of this Tongue are Three hundred and thirty three yet such is their peculiar way of pronouncing them that the same Term admits of various and even contrary Significations according to the various Accent in pronouncing of it And of these Accenrs there are five applicable to every Term which extremely augments the difficulty of either speaking or understanding this Tongue to perfection besides the Pronunciation thereof is accompanied with such variety of Motions of the Hand that a mute Person can speak almost intelligibly by his Fingers And as to the Manner of Writing they differ from all other Nations for whereas Christians write from the Left hand to the Right and the Jews from the Right to the Left they usually make their Lines from the top of the Page down to the bottom This Great Kingdom was formerly under its own particular King or Emperor but of late over-run and conquer'd by the Tartars to whom it 's at present subject acknowledging due Allegiance to the Great Cham whose Government is as Despotical as any of the Oriental Monarchs for he hath full Power over the Lives of his Subjects the Princes of the Blood not excepted His bare Word is the Law and his Commands admit of no delay nor neglect He is seldom seen and never spoke with but upon the Knees Upon his Death-bed he may choose his Successor out of what Family he pleaseth For the better managing the great Affairs of this mighty Empire he 's assisted by two Sovereign Councils one Extraordinary compos'd of Princes of the Blood only and the other Ordinary which besides the Princes doth consist of several Ministers of State call'd Colaos But over and above these two Councils there are at Pekin six Sovereign Courts whose Authority extend over all the Empire and to each of 'em belong different Matters viz. 1. Is that Court call'd Lupou which presides over all the Mandarins and confers upon or takes from them their Offices 2. Hoâ—pou which looks after the Publick Treasury and takes care of raising the Taxes 3. Lipou which inspects into Ancient Customs and to it is committed the care of Religion Sciences and Foreign Affairs 4. Pimpou which hath charge of the Soldiery and other Officers 5. Himpou which enquires and passes Sentence in all Criminal Matters Lastly Compou which looks after all Publick Buildings as the Emperor's Palaces and such like In each of these Courts the Emperor hath one who may be term'd a Private Censor it being his business to observe all that passeth and to acquaint him faithfully therewith which makes all Persons
in triming of Ships with good success and preferable to the ordinary Pitch in those hot Countries being able to resist the scorching Heat of the Sun-Beams Vid. Purchas his Pilgrims Part 4. Lib. 6. Here is one Spanish Archbishoprick viz. that of St. Fee de Bagota Bishopricks four viz. those of Popayan Carthagena Panama St. Martha None The Natives of this Country being Persons of a tawny Colour and for the most part of very robust and proper Bodies are a People that 's very healthful and generally live to great Ages notwithstanding the Air they breath in is none of the best They spend most of their time in Hunting and such like Diversions as the generality of other Americans do and commonly they walk naked above their Middles Here is a great Diversity of Languages among the Natives and each of these divided into several Dialects The Europeans here settl'd retain the several Languages peculiar to their respective Countries from whence they came This spacious Country is in a great part subject to the King of Spain and govern'd by the Vice-Roy of Mexico under whom are several Deputy-Governors in divers Parts for the better management of the whole and for an equal Distribution of Justice every where there are establisht many Courts of Judicatory in which all Causes whether Civil or Criminal are heard and determin'd Some of the Midland Provinces are as yet free from the Spanish Power being still maintain'd by the Natives who acknowledge Subjection unto and are govern'd by the Heads or Eldest of their Families The Natives of this Country especially in the Midland Provinces are gross Idolaters Nigh unto and upon the River Wiapoco is a certain Nation call'd Marashewaccas whose Object of Religious Worship is a monstrous Idol of Stone set up in a most frightful Posture For it is fashion'd like a very big Man sitting upon his Heels resting his Elbows upon his Knees and holding forwards the Palms of his Hands and looking upwards doth gape with his Mouth wide open The different Europeans here residing are of the same Religion with that establisht in the respective Countries from whence they came SECT VII Concerning Peru.  d. m. Situated between 290 30 of Long. Itsgreatest Length from N. to S. is about 1440 Miles 307 10 between 25 30 of S. Latit Breadth from W. to E. is about 480 Miles 01 00 of N. Lat. Peru comprehends the Province of Posto Chief Town Poston From N. to S. Los Quixos Baesa Pacamores Valladolid Quiâ—c Idem Peru Lima Los Careaâ— Potosi THIS Country discovered by the Spaniards Anno 1525. is term'd Peru by the Italians Spaniards French Germans and English so call'd according to the best of Criticks from a certain Rivulet which bore that Name among the Indians at the Spaniards first arrival The Air of this Country is of a very different Nature being in some places extremely hot and in others extraordinary sharp and piercing The Wind upon this Coast according to J. Acosta blows always from the South and South-West contrary to what 's usual between the Tropicks and is not violent tempestuous or unhealthful as elsewhere but very moderate and agreeable He further observes That all along the Coast call'd Lanos it never Rains Thunders Snows nor Hails yet very frequently a little out at Sea And that among the Andes it Rains in a manner continually The opposite Place of the Globe to Peru is that part of the Gulf of Bengale between 110 and 127 Degrees of Longitude with 1 and 25 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying in the 1st 2d and 3d South Climate consisteth of many large and pleasant Vallies with divers high and lofty Mountains The Vallies in some places especially towards the Sea-Coasts are very Sandy and frequently subject to Earth Quakes in other places they are very rich and the Air extremely sultry The Mountains particularly the Andes are for the most part continually Cold in their Tops yet exceeding fertil and generally lin'd with most costly Mines beyond any Country in the World witness the famous lofty Hill of Potozi in the Province of Los Carcas It is universally esteem'd the richest of all the Foreign Plantations belonging to the Spaniard The longest Day in the Northmost Part of Peru is about 12 Hours ¼ the shortest in the Southmost is 10 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Gold and Silver in vast quantities costly Pearls and abundance of Cotton Tobacco Cocheneel Medicinal Drugs c. There 's a high Mountain in Peru call'd Periacaca to whose Top if any Person ascend he 's suddenly taken with a terrible sit of Vomiting And many Travellers endeavouring to pass over the Desert of Punas have been benumm'd on a sudden and faln down dead which makes that way wholly neglected of late 2. On the Tops of the highest Mountains in Peru as in other Parts of the World are frequently found some considerable Lakes several of which are very hot 3 In the Valley of Tarapaya near to Potozi is a very hot Lake of a Circular Form whose middle part for about twenty Foot square continually boils up and though the Water is so extreamly warm yet the Soil about the Lake is extraordinary cold 4 At the Baths of Ingua is a Stream of Water almost boiling hot and hard by it doth issue forth another Stream as cold as Ice 5. In the Province of Loc Carcas is another Spring of Water so very hot that one can't hold his Finger in it for the short space of one Ave-Maria And somewhere else in this County is a Fountain out of which there issueth a considerable Current of a Colour almost as red as Blood 6. Near to Cusco is a Spring whose Waters turn into pure white Salt wherewith the whole Country adjacent is supply'd 7 Among the Quick-Silver Mines in Guaniavilica is a Fountain of hot Water whose Current having run a considerable way turns at last into a soft kind of Rock which being easily cut and yet very lasting is usually imploi'd for building of Houses thereabouts 8 Nigh C. S. Helene and all along the Coast are many Fountains of Coppey a Substance resembling Pitch and frequently us'd as such or Gultran Rozen which flow in such abundance that Ships at Sea out of sight of Land can give a shrewd guess where they are by the very smell of such Fountains providing there be a gentle Breeze from the Shore 9. In divers Parts of Peru are still Extant the Ruins of many stately Indian Temples particularly that call'd the Pachamana about four Leagues from â—â—ma And another in the City of Dusco which might have been formerly accounted the American Pantheon for the Idols of all Nations conquer'd by the Inguas were always brought thither and there set up 10 Among the Curiosities of this Country we may also reckon the Cucujus Peruvianus or Lanthorn-Fly An Insect of a