vessell with its tunnell under the fall of a conduit of water and the bird will sing and if you hold a cup of water under his bill hee will drink and make a noise A device whereby severall voyces of birds cherping may be heard PRepare a cestern having divers partitions one above another let them all have cranes in the bottoms to carry the water from one to another also let each cestern have his severall pipe all of them coming out at the top of the cestern on whose tops let birds bee artificially made with reeds in them also in the top of the upper cestern let there bee a tunnell Place it under the fall of a conduit of water and you shall heare so many severall voyces as there are birds A device whereby the figure of a man standing on a basis shall be made to sound a trumpet PRepare a cestern having within on the lid fastned a concave hemisphere in whose bottom let there bee made one or two holes let there also be a hole in the top of the sayd cestern whereby it may bee filled with water as occasion serveth Also let there bee made to stand on the top of this cestern the image of a man holding unto his mouth a trumpet this image must likewise have a slender pipe coming out of the cestern unto the trumpet in this pipe or cane there must be a cock nigh unto the cestern Also there must come out of the concave hemisphere at the side of the cestern a little short pipe having a clack on it within the vessell Fill the cestern about two thirds full of water and then cork it up fast blow then into the vessell at the pipe on the side divers times and the ayer will force the water out of the hemisphere and make it rise up on the sides of it turne then the cock and the weight of the water will force the ayer out of the pipe and so cause the trumpet to sound Hercules shooting at a Dragon who as soone as he hath shot hisseth at him LEt there be a cestern having a partition in the midst in the partition let there bee a deep succur having a small rope fastned unto the top of it let the one end of the rope come out of the upper lid of the cestern and bee fastned unto a ball the other part thereof let it be put under a pulley fastned in the partition and let it be carried also out of the upper cestern and be fastned unto the arme of the image which must bee made to slip to and againe and to take hold of the string of a steele bow that is held in the other hand At the other end of the cestern let there bee made an artificiall image of a Dragon through whose body must come a small pipe with a reed artificially fastned in the upper part thereof Note then that when you put up the ball the image will draw his bow and when you let it fall the Dragon will hisse Experiments of producing sounds by evaporation of water by ayer PRepare a round vessell of brasse or latin having a crooked pipe or neck whereto fasten a pipe put this vessell upon a trevet over the fire and it will make a shrill whistling noyse To make two images sacrificing and a Dragon hissing PRepare a cestern having an altar of brasse or tin upon it let therebe in the cestern a hollow pipe turning up out of the cestern at each end also in the middle within the altar also on the side of the altar into the body of a dragon artificially made with a reed in the mouth of it Let there bee two boxes at the tops of the pipes on the ends of the cestern having two crooked pipes or cranes comming out of them Fill the boxes with water when you occupy it also put fire upon the altar and the dragon will hisse and the water in the two boxes being wrought upon by the heat of the fire comming thorow the pipes will drop into the fire These two boxes ought to be inclosed in the bodies of two images and the two short cranes comming out of them in her armes and hands Experiments of producing sounds by Engins PRepare a vessell after the forme of the figure marked with the letters A B C D place it upon a frame as F G H this vessell must have a hole in the bottom with a pipe fastned in it as Q to convay the water conteyned in it into a vessell or tub set under it marked with the letters R S T also a frame must bee fastned at the top of it as G H L having so many bels with little beaters or hammers to them artificially hanged as are requisit to expresse your de-desired tune Lastly provide a sollid peece of timber whose lower part must bee fitted unto the aforesayd vessell so that it may easily slip up and down and so high as that its foot resting upon the bottom of the vessell the upper part thereof may stand somewhat above all the bels Note likewise that that part of this wood aboue its bottom or foot must be cut away about three quarters of an inch Vpon this wood thus fitted must bee fastned severall pins equall unto each bell from the top unto the foot thereof so disposed that they may orderly presse down the inward ends of the hammers of each bell according as the tune goeth when you use it fill the cestern almost with water and put the fitted peece of timber into it and as the water runneth out at the bottom it it will play upon the bels note that it were very requisit to haue a cock fastned to the pipe on the bottom of the vessell that therewith you might at your pleasure stay the water The like engines might be made to play upon wyer strings disposed upon a concavous water to make the musick resound but because this description giueth light enough for the framing of diuers other I thought good here to omit them Experiments of motions by rarifying water with fire LEt there be an altar having a pipe comming out of it and entring the body of a hollow ball let there come out of the same ball a crane whose lower end make to hang ouer a bucket fastned to a rope and hanging ouer a pulley of which rope the other end must bee wound about two spindles hauing two doores fastned unto them and at the and of the same rope let there bee a waight fastned So the fire on the altar will cause the water to distill out of the ball into the bucket which when by reason of the water it is become heuier then the weight it will draw it up and so open the said gates or little doores Experiments of motions by rarifying ayre by fire LEt there be a round vessell of glasse or horn and on the top of it a vessell of brasse and in the midst a hollow pipe spreading it selfe into foure seuerall branches at the
the uppermost story of all let there bee made the forcer by ayre as I taught before or else a presser hauing at the top Neptune riding on a Whale out of whose nostrils as also out of Neptunes Trident the water may be made to spin through small pin-holes you may also make diuers motions about this work but for that the multitude of figures would rather confound than instruct the Reader I haue of purpose omitted them THE SECOND BOOKE Teaching most plainly and withall most exactly the composing of all manner of Fire-works for Triumph and Recreation By I. B. LONDON Printed by Thomas Harper for Ralph Mab. 1634. To the Reader COurteous Reader there hath a desistance been occasioned since the inception of this work by reason of the occurrence of certaine Authours that contrary unto my knowledge had laboured so fully herein but after consideration had that for the most part they were but translations I thought it might bee no lesse lawfull and commendable for mee than for others to communicate unto such as are yet desirous of further information that wherein I have bestowed both cost and paines Notwithstanding I haue so used the matter as that I might not derogate from the estimation had of others to increase mine owne Read it throughly iudge indifferently and if thou likest it practise considerately If thou art ignorant herein I am sure it will instruct thee and though well experienced which perhaps thou art I make no question but that thou mayst finde somewhat which thou hast not heard of before So farewell Your Wellwiller I. B. Of Fire-workes I Haue euer found in conference with diuers desirous of instruction in any Art or Science whatsoeuer that the summe and chiefest end of all hath been to know the reasons and causes of those things they were desirous to be informed in Wherefore I thought good before I came to the matter it selfe to set down some few Praecognita or Principles as I may so call them whereby such as are ingenious upon occasion may informe themselues if they stand in doubt of the cause of any thing that is heereafter taught Certayne Praecognita or Principles wherein are contayned the causes and reasons of that which is taught in this Booke 1 THe foure Elements Fire Ayre Earth and Water are the prima principia I meane the materialls whereof euery sublunary body is composed and into the which it is at last dissolued 2 Euery thing finding a dissolution of those naturae catenae that is meanes whereby their principia are connected and ioyned together their lighter parts ascend upward and these that are more grosse and heauy doe the contrary 3 It is impossible for one and the selfe same body to possesse at one time two places It followeth therefore that a dense body rarified and made thin eyther by actuall or potentiall fire requireth a greater quantity of room to be conteyned in then it did before Hence it is that if you lay your hand upon a glasse hauing a straight mouth reuerst into a dish of water it rarifieth the ayre contayned therein and makes it breake out thorough the water in bubbles Also that gunpowder inclosed in the barrell of a gun being rarified by fire applied unto the touch-hole it seeketh a greater quantity of roome and therefore forceth the bullet out of the barrell This is called violent motion 4 According unto the strength and quantity of a dense body rarified and according unto the forme and length of its inclosure it forceth its compresser further or neerer at hand Thus much shall suffice to haue spoken concerning the Praecognita Now I will passe ad majora ad magis necessaria to wit those necessary Instruments and seuerall sorts of Ingredients that ought to be had in readines As for the instruments they are these Morters and Pestles Serces also seuerall sorts of Formers Paper Parchment Canuas Whipcord strong binding thread Glew Rosin Pitch with diuers vessells meet to contayne and mingle your compositions in The ingredients likewise are chiefly these Saltpeter Rochpeter Sulpher Charcoale good Gunpowder Filings of steele oyle of Peter and Spirit of wine Instructions for chusing your ingredients SAltpeter is very good if that being layd upon a board and fire put to it rise with a flamed ventosous exhalation raysing no scum nor leauing no pearle but onely a blacke specke burnt into the boord The best brimstone is quick brimstone or liâ—e sulphur and that sort is best that breaketh whitest if this cannot be gotten take of the whitest yellow brimstone The best Coales for use are the sallow willow hazel and beech onely see they be well burnt Euery of these ingredients must be powdred finely and searsed All kindes of gunpowder are made of these ingredients imposed or incorporated with vineger or aquauitae and afterward grayned by art The Saltpeter is the Soul the Sulphur the Life and the Coales the Body of it The best sort of powder may be distinguished from others by these signes 1 If it be bright and incline to a blewish colour 2 If in the handling it proue not moyst but auoydeth quickely 3 If being fired it flash quickly and leaue no dregs nor setlings behinde it A device to try the strength of divers sorts of Gunpowder 1 Such as operate in the ayre as Rockets Serpents Raining fire Stars Petards Dragons Fire-drakes Feinds Gyronels or Fire-wheeles Balloons 2 Such as operate upon the earth as Crackers Trunks Lanterns Lights Tumbling bals Saucissons Towers Castles Pyramids Clubs Lances Targets 3 Such as burn in or on the water as Rockets Dolphins Ships Tumbling bals Part of either of the three kindes are simple and part are compounded part also are fixed and part moueable First I will treat of the diuers compositions and then of the Formers Coffins and manner of composing euery of them Of the divers compositions of fire workes FIrst of the compositions of fire workes for the ayre and therein first I will speake of the compositions for rockets because that all moueable fireworkes haue their motion from the force of them accordingly applied Compositions for Rockets of all sizes according unto the prescription of the noted Professors as Mr Malthus Mr Norton and the French Authour Des recreationes Mathematiques A Composition for Rockets of one ounce TAke of gunpowder saltpeter and charcoale of each one ounce and a halfe mingle them together and it is done Note heere as I told you before that all your ingredients ought to be first powdred by themselues and afterwards mixed very well together A Composition for Rockets of two and three ounces TAke of gunpowder fowre ounces and a halfe saltpeter one ounce mixe them together A Composition for Rockets of foure ounces TAke of gunpowder fowre pounds saltpeter one pound charcoale fowre ounces mingle them together A Composition for Rockets of fowre ounces TAke of gunpowder fowre poundes saltpeter one pound charcoale fowre ounces brimstone halfe an ounce mingle them together A Composition for all middle
THE MYSTERYES OF NATVRE AND ART Conteined in foure severall Tretises The first of water workes The second of FYer workes The third of Drawing Colouring Painting and Engrauing The fourth of divers Experiments as wel serviceable as delightful partly Collected and partly of the Authors Peculiar Practice and Invention by J. B â—â—â—nted at London for Ralph Mab and are to be sold by Iohn Iackson 〈◊〉 Francis Church at the Kings armes in Cheapeside 1634. TO THE READER COurteous Reader this ensuing Treatise hath lien by mee a long time penned but in a confused and undigested manner as I gathered it practised or found it out by industry and experience It was not in my minde to have as yet exposed it to the publique view but being sollicited by the intreaties of some and those not a few to impart to each particular person what his Genius most affected I was enforced as well for the satisfying of their requests as for the avoydance of many inconveniences to dispose in some order such Experiments as for the present I was content to impart Expect no elegancy of phrase for my time would not afford that nor indeed my selfe to be the transcriber I endeavored as much as I could to write in plaine termes that in regard of the easinesse thereof it might suit with the meanest capacity The whole book consisteth of foure parts The first whereof treateth of VVater-workes The second of Fire-workes The third of Drawing Painting Graving and Etching The fourth and last part treateth of severall Experiments as well serviceable as delightfull which because they are confusedly intermixed I have entituled them Extravagants Now my chiefest ayme and end being the generall good I could wish a generall acceptance but that is too uncertaine to expect I will content my selfe that I am already certaine that these my first and weak endeavours will finde acceptance with some and I hope also with all honest and indifferent Readers as for others hap as hap may me it is not to be doubted but that I shall scape as well as many my betters have done before me Farewell Your Wellwiller J. B. To my friend the Authour upon his Mysteries of Nature and Art VVHen I scan over with a busy eye The timely fruits of thy vast industry Observing how thou searchest out the heart Of Knowledge through th' untrodden pathes of Art How easily thy active minde discries Natures obscure and hidden rarities No greater wonder than thy selfe I finde The chiefest rarity's thy active minde Which so fore-runs thy age Thy forward spring Buds forth betimes and thou art publishing Ev'n in the morning of thy day so soone What others are to learne till th' afternoone Now since thy first attempts expos'd thou hast To publick censure and the Dy is cast Doubt not of good successe the early rose Thou knowst is snatcht at ev'n before it blowes Climbe higher yet let thy quick-sighted eyes Venture againe for new discoveries Nor be thou mizer-like so envious As to detaine what ere thou find'st from us No make the world thy debtor be thou still As open-handed to impart thy skill As now thou art and may thy teeming braine Bring often forth such lusty Births againe R. O. Of Water-works IT hath been an old saying amongst Philosophers and experience doth prove it to be true Non datur vacuum that is to say Nature will not admit of any vacuity or emptinesse For some one or other of the Elements but especially Ayre and Water doe insert themselves into all manner of concavities or hollownesses in or upon the earth whether they are such as are formed either by Art or Nature For the one it is so obvious and manifest as that it needs not any proofe at all As for the other I shall make it manifest unto you by easie demonstration Let there be gotten a large vessell of glasse or other having besides the mouth another hole though but a little one at the top poure water into the vessell by a tunnell thrust into the mouth of it and you shall finde that as the water runneth into the vessell a winde will come forth of the little hole sufficient to blow out a candle being held over it This proveth that before the water was poured into the vessell though to our sight it appeared to bee empty it was full of ayre which forced out of the vessell as the water ran in and the reason hereof is because the water is by nature of a massie subtill substance and the ayre of a windy light evaporative nature The knowledge of this with the rarifaction of inclosed ayre is the ground and foundation of divers excellent experiments not unworthy the knowledge of any ingenious Artist whatsoever The order of the things contayned in the first booke EXperiments of drawing water by the Crane Experiments of drawing water by Engins Experiments of forcing water by ayre compressed Experiments of forcing water by Engins Experiments of producing sounds by ayre and water Experiments of producing sounds by evaporation of water by fire Experiments of producing sounds by Engins Experiments of motions by evaporating water Experiments of motions by rarifying ayre Of VVater-workes To draw water by a Crane TAke any vessell of what bignes you please fill it with water then take a Crane that is a crooked hollow Cane one end wherof let be somewhat longer then the other put the shorter end of it into the vessell of water and let the longer end hang out of the vessell unto which longer end put your mouth and draw in your breath and the water will follow then withdraw your mouth and you shall see the water runne so long till it come equall to that end of the Cane which is within the vessell Another TAke a deepe vessell having two loopes on one of the sides fill it nigh full with water then take a hollow Cane like unto the aforesayd but let there bee fastned unto the shorter end a wooden dish put the longer end heereof through the loopes on the side and that end that hath the dish fastned unto it into the vessell of water with your mouth as you did in the former draw out the ayre and you shall see that as the water runneth out the Crane will sinke lower and lower and so will continue running untill the vessell bee drawen empty How to make a conceited pot which being filled with water will of it selfe run all out but not being filled will not run out MAke or cause a pot to bee made of what fashion best liketh your mind and make a large hollow cane to stand up in the midst thereof having at the bottome 2 or 3 small holes let the top of this cane be close then make a hole in the bottome of the vessell and put up a little cane hollow at both ends into the other cane so that the one end therof may almost touch the top of the great cane and it is done Note that if you put into this vessel
the top of the upper vessell In the top of the upper vessell let there bee another pipe reaching from the bottom of the upper vessell and extending it selfe out of the vessell a good way let the top of it hang ouer the tunnell In the top of the upper vessell let there be a hole besides to be stopped with cork or otherwise when you will use it open the cork-hole and fill the upper vessel with water then stop it close againe and poure water into the tunnell and you shall see that the water in the upper vessell will run out of the pipe into the tunnell againe and so will continue running untill all the water in the upper vessell be run out The reason thereof is this the water in the tunnell pressing the ayre in the lower vessell maketh it ascend the pipe in the partition and presse the water in the upper vessell which having no other way but the pipe it runneth out thereat The forcing of water by pressure that is the naturall course of water in regard of its heavinesse and thinnesse artificially contrived to break out of what image you please LEt A B C D bee a cestern placed upon a curious frame for the purpose let the bottom of this frame be made likewise in the form of a cestern Through the pillers of this frame let there passe hollow pipes from the bottom of the upper cestern and descend to the bottom of the lower cestern and then run all to the middle thereof and joyne in one and turne up into the hollow body of a beast bird fish or what your fancy most affecteth let the hole of the image whereat the water must break out be very small for so it will run the longer Fill the upper cestern with water and by reason of the weight thereof it will passe through the pipes and spin out of the hole of the image Experiments of forcing water by Engins LEt there bee an even streight barrell of brasse of what length and bignesse you please let the bottom of it be open and let the top be closed but so that it be hollow on the outside like a basin in the midst whereof let there bee a straight pipe erected open at both ends also let there be another short pipe at the side of it which let bee even with the top of the basin on the outside but stand a little from it on the side Having thus prepared the barrell fit a good thick board unto it so that it may slip easily up and down from the top of the barrell unto the bottom nayle a lether about the edges of it and another upon the top of it on the underside of it let there be fastned a good stiffe but flexible spring of steele which may thrust the board from the bottom to the top of the barrell let the foot of this spring rest upon a barre fastned acros the bottom of the barrell let this board also have tied at the middle a little rope of length sufficient When you use it bore a little hole in the table that you set it on to put the rope thorow and pull the rope down which will contract the spring and with it draw down the board then poure in water at the basin untill the vessell be full Note then as you let slack the rope the water will spirt out of the pipe in the middle and as you pull it straight the water will run into the vessell againe You may make birds or divers images at the top of the pipe out of which the water may break Another manner of forcing water whereby the water of any spring may be forced unto the top of a hill LEt there be two hollow posts with a succur at the bottom of each also a succur nigh the top of each let there be fastned unto both these posts a strong peece of timber having as it were a beame or scale pinned in it and having two handles at each end one In the tops of both these hollow posts fasten two brasse barrels made very even and smooth within unto these two barrels let there be fitted two forcers lethered according to art at the tops of these forcers must be fastned two yrons which must bee linked unto the aforesaid beam from each post below towards the end of the barrels let there bee two leaden pipes which afterward meet in one to conduct the water up to the place desired which if it bee very high there will be need of some succurs to catch the water as it cometh The description of an Engin to force water up to a high place very usefull for to quench fire amongst buildings LEt there be a brasse barrell provided having two succurs in the bottom of it let it also have a good large pipe going up one side of it with a succur nigh unto the top of it and above the succur a hollow round ball having a pipe at the top of it made to screw another pipe upon it to direct the water to any place Then fit a forcer unto the barrell with a handle fastned unto the top at the upper end of this forcer drive a strong screw and at the lower end a screw nut at the bottom of the barrell fasten a screw and at the barre that goeth crosse the top of the barrell let there be another screw nut put them all in order and fasten the whole to a good strong frame that it may stand steddy and it is done When you use it either place it in the water or over a kennell and drive the water up to it and by moving the handle to and fro it will cast the water with mighty force up to any place you direct it Experiments of producing sounds by ayer and water LEt there bee had in a readinesse a pot made after the forme of the figure following having a little hole at the top in the which fasten a reed or pipe also another little hole at the bottom presse this pot into a bucket of water and it will make a loud noyse Another LEt there be a cestern of lead or such like having a tunnell on the top let it bee placed under the fall of a Conduit and at the one end of the top let there come out of the vessell a small pipe which let bee bent into a cup of water and there will be heard a strange voice Over this pipe you may make an artificiall tree with diuers birds made to sit therein How to make that a bird sitting on a basis shall make a noise and drink out of a cup of water being held to the mouth of it PRovide a cestern having a tunnell at the one end of the top and a little cane coming out of the other end of the vessell on the top of which let there be a bird made to sit also at the bottom of the cestern let there bee a crane to carry away the water as it runneth into the vessell Place this
or ten times upon a roller as A B and choake the one end of it fill it then with whole gunpowder and then choake the other end also then cover all the Saucisson with cord and glew it over then pierce one end of it and prime it with a quill filled with gunpowder dust place it upon a forme having a a hole for the quill to passe thorough then fire it by a traine of gunpowder layd under the frame it will give a report like a canon marke the figure F F. How to make the flying Saucisson to be delivered out of the morter peece MAke a coffin for this as you did for the former first fill it almost with whole gunpowder then put upon that gunpowder dust which you must ramme hard into the coffin so that it may bee one finger thicke then choake it close and arme and prime it as you did the former It is represented by the figure K M. How to make a fire sword YOu must make a sword of woode having a deepe channell in the backe of it wherein place first a Rocket for the ground then two or three serpents upright with their mouthes inward let the stoupell that primeth the Rocket come under the mouth of the serpents so that being kindled it may set them on fire and enter the breech of the next rocket so fill the channell quite full with rockets and serpents binde the rockets fast into the channell but the serpents must be placed so that being once fired they may fly out of the channell and it is made mark the figure G P. The description and making of three sorts of Fire-lances TO make the first Fire-lance whose figure is noted A you must make a hollow trunk of what length or bignesse you please either of wood paper or pastbord rowled on a rowler and armed with some cord and glew first put into the bottom of whole gunpowder about one or two fingers thick then ram upon it a pastebord peirced with a little hole in the middle hauing a quill fastned in it which quill must be filled with a slow composition or else with gunpowder dust this quill must stand up in the lance two or three inches then fill the coffin up to the top of the said quill with starres and strew among the starres some gunpowder dust then put pastebord ouer them having a hole for the quill fastned in the former bottom of pastebord to passe then upon this pastebord ram gunpowder dust one or two fingers thick then put a row of serpents in and in the midst of the serpents put a cane open at both ends and filled with gunpowder dust this cane must be somewhat longer than the serpents and it must passe through a pastebord which must bee put ouer then put some more gunpowder dust and ram it in upon it and upon that put another row of serpents with a cane in the midst of them filled with a slow composition and upon them put gunpowder dust or else a slow composition ramming it in till the lance bee full then put a pastebord upon it and in the midst of the pastebord put a little cane filled with a slow composition then fasten it upon a staffe of what length you will and it is made To make the second Fire-lance you must prepare a trunk like unto the former first ram in the bottom of it some of the composition of rockets for the earth about two fingers thick then put a pastebord upon it having a petard fastned in the middest this pastebord must bee pierced in three or foure places round about the petard that thereby the powder that is rammed ouer the pastebord may take fire then ram in some more composition upon the petard about two or three fingers thick then another petard then more composition so doing untill you have filled the trunk then fasten it upon a staffe and and prime it as you did the former it is represented by the figure noted B. The description and making of two sorts of Fire-clubs TO make the first you must make an ovall ball of pastebord canvasse or parchment glewed together which you must first fill with a slow composition ram it in and then bore divers holes round about it and put therein serpents fire bals or what you will fasten it upon a staffe and prime it in the top with a cane filled with a slow composition this is represented by the figure A A. To make the second you must fill divers canes open at both ends and of a foot long or more or lesse as you think fit with a slow composition and binde them upon a staffe of foure or five foot long prime them so that one being ended another may begin you may prime them with a stouple or match prepared as before make an osier basket about it with a hole in the very top to fire it by and it is done The figure F F representeth the staffe with the canes bound upon it The figure marked G representeth the staffe having a basket wrought over it How to make a Fire-target MAke a Target of osier twigs or else of light wood binde upon it divers canes filled with a very slow composition the canes must bee open at both ends and primed with stouple that one may give fire unto another in the midst of all you may set up a large cane also if you please which you may fill with the same composition as you did the others Mark the figure L M N O Of Fire-works for the water How to make Rockets for the water THe diameter of hollownesse of the mould for Rockets that swim on the water must be one inch and eight inches long let the breech enter into the body of the Rocket one inch and it must have no broach at all in it Let the diameter of the thicknesse of the rowler bee three quarters of an inch the rammer must be a thought lesser then ram it full of the composition of Rockets for the water joyne to the upper end of it a Saucisson then couer it all over with melted pitch rosin wax or tallow to the end that the water may not spoyle the coffins and to make it float along the water binde a rod about two foot long as you did unto the rockets for the ayre now if you would have the rocket to change his actions that is to swim one while above the the water and one while under the water then put into it in the filling one spoonfull of composition and ram that in then one spoonfull of whole powder and ram that in and then another of composition and after that another of whole gunpowder so do untill you have filled it quite If you would have it change colour then shift the composition divers times that is put in one spoonfull of the composition of rockets for the water then another spoonfull of the composition of rockets for the ayre or rochpeter and gunpowder mixed untill you have
filled it How to make a Rocket that shall burne a good while in the water and then mount up into the ayre FIrst you shall make a rocket for the water and binde unto the lower end a stick about two foot and a halfe long having a large hole in the end thereof then tie unto it but loosly so that it may easily slip out a rocket for the ayre and let the stouple that primeth for the rocket for the ayre enter into the breech of the water rocket then let the end of the rod of the rocket for the ayre enter into the hole of the rod of the rocket for the water besmeare then both the rockets with tallow grease or wax or any oyle colour that the water may not spoyle the coffins of the rockets then hang a stone at the bottom of the stick that hath the hole in it to make it sink down into the water then fire the water rocket and cast them into the water the fired rocket will burne in the water and being consumed will giue fire unto the other rocket which being loosly tyed will slip the bond and mount up into the ayre This is represented by the figure G G. The floating rocket mentioned before is expressed by the figure noted I K. The description and making of two sorts of fire bals for the water FOr to make the first you must make a ball of Canvas about the bignesse of a Foot-ball or bigger if you please and fasten in it a double Rocket for the water if you will also you may stuffe the rest of the ball with the composition that will burne under the water and cut holes in the sides and therein fasten other bals and petrards in them then cover the ball over with Tallow Pitch or painting except the place where the Rocket is primed and it is done It is represented by the figure noted with A and it will tumble up and downe in the water To make the second fire-ball you must first make a ball of Canvas Pasteboard or such like and cut a wide hole in the top of it and place in it a channell of Tinne pierced in divers places fill the channell with the compositions of Rockets for the water against every hole therof place a petrard cover it with a cover pitch it over and prime it then ballast it with leade or a stone that the vent may burne upwards and it is done It is represented by the figure B. How to make a Dolphin YOu must make the body of it of Pasteboard glued together fill the body with the composition of Rockets for the water pierce it in the back with divers little holes wherein put Serpents besmeare the body all ouer with the following pap Take gunpowder dust foure ounces camphire and sulphur or brimstone in powder of each one ounce make them into a soft pap with oyle of tiles then binde unto it a large Rocket for the water which Rocket must be armed as afore that the water may not hurt it then ballast it with a wyre hauing at each end a piece of lead of weight sufficient and it is done Marke the figure I might haue beene infinite in the describing of such like with Ships Towres Castles Piramides But considering that it would but increase the price of the booke and not better your understanding since all consist of the former workes which are so plainely described as that the most ignorant may easily conceiue thereof and if any whit ingenious thence contriue others of what fashion they list FINIS THE THIRD BOOKE Of Drawing Limming Colouring Painting and Graving By I. B. LONDON Printed by THOMAS HARPER for RALPH MAB 1634. THE THIRD BOOKE of Drawing Painting Limming Graving THe Art of Drawing is in it selfe most excellent and most worthy commendations in whosoever it is yea it is an Art so necessarie unto all ingenious Artists as that in no wise they can be without it and my selfe haue found it to bee true that the sight of a good draught is more unto an ingenious person then a whole Chapter of Information Wherefore I have according unto my knowledge and practise therein faithfully penned the same for the use of all such as beare affection unto the Art and are desirous to be instructed therein And for that divers persons cannot attaine unto it or perhaps are loath to bestow any time to practise it whereby they might come to a requisite perfection for such I have set downe certaine directions and those so facile and easie that persons altogether unskilfull may having a patterne worke very well But before I begin it behooveth that I prescribe what things are to be had in readinesse to worke withall first therefore provide good smooth and cleare paper divers plummets made of blacke leade oker or blacke chalke or else Charcoals made of Ash Sallow or Beech split in sunder and pointed also a wing having provided these your implements you shall thus begin to worke First let the thing whose pourtrature you intend to take stand before you so that the light be not hindred from falling upon it and with a pointed peece of charcoale draw it rustically which when you have done consider a while whether all the parts thereof are proportionable and whether it carry the semblance of the thing that you drew it from which if it do not wipe it out with your wing and begin anew but if it be faulty on one part onely wipe onely that part out and draw it againe whensoever it liketh you or that you have so drawne it that you can finde no great fault in it wipe it over gently with your wing so that you may perceive the former strokes then with your blacke chalke or blacke lead plummets draw it as perfectly and as curiously as you can and shadow it according as the light falleth upon it This way is workeman like and the most difficult of all yet by a little practice may easily be attained unto so that the persons stand well affected unto the Art Instead of white paper you may take light coloured blew paper and draw upon it with charcoale and white chalke pointed which will shew very wel but note that after you have made your draught you must wet it in faire water and let it dry of it selfe this will make the drawing to hold fast on which would otherwise easily be wiped off This may serve for such as are contented to take some paines to attaine so noble a Science But for others there are divers other helps which follow in order How to take the perfect draught of any printed or painted Picture TAke a sheete of Venice or in stead thereof of the finest white paper that you can get wet it all ouer with cleane sallet oyle then wipe the oyle off from the paper as cleane as you can so that the paper may be dry otherwise it will spoyle a printed picture by the soaking through of the oyle hauing thus prepared your paper
and pollish Copper Plates BEcause that in the printing with Copper Plates the least scratch though it be scarce visible receiveth its impression and so many times disgraceth the worke I have set downe a way to smooth plates for impression First take a piece of Brasse or Copper of what bignesse you intend of an indifferent thicknesse and see as neere as you can that it bee free from fire flawes First beat it as smooth as you can with a hammer then rub it smooth with a pumice stone that is void of gravell least it race it so cause you as much more labour to get thē out burnish it after with a burnishing iron having first dropped a drop or two of sallet oyle on it then rub it over with a cole prepared as is after taught and lastly with a peece of beaver hat dipt in sallet oyle rub it very well for an houre thus you may polish it exactly How to prepare your Coales TAke Beechen charcole such as when they are broke doe shine such as are void of clifts and such as breake off even burne them againe and as soone as they are all through on fire quench them in chamber lye after take them out and put them in faire water and reserue them for your use Having prepared all things in a readinesse you must haue a draught of that you intend to cut or engrave Take the plate then and waxe it lightly ouer and then either pounce the picture upon it or trace it or by drawing ouer the lines of the picture with ungummed inke reprint it upon the Plate then worke upon it obseruing the shadow so that being printed it may stand right for it will be backward upon your plate when you haue cut one stroke drop a little sallet oyle upon your peece of Bever and rub over the said stroke for by this meanes you shall better see the stroke and how to cut the next equall unto it and so the rest proportionally distant one from another but to worke by a Candle you must place a glasse of faire water betweene the Candle and a paper betweene that and the Plate which casteth a true light or you will never be able to worke truely and aright Of Etching ETching is an imitation of engrauing but more speedily performed Things may be expressed to the life thereby but not so sweetly as by the Graver It is thus performed the Plate you are to etch upon must first exactly be pollished afterwards ouerlaid but very lightly with a ground made for the purpose of which anon and thereupon must be pounced drawne or traced the thing that you are to etch then the said ground is to be pierced with diuers stiles of seuerall bignesse according as the shadowes of the picture doe require afterwards the edges of the Plate are to be raised with soft waxe and strong water for so they terme it It is to be had at the signe of the Legge in Foster Lane a Distiller is to be put upon it which in those places were the strokes are required to be lightly performed is to be abated or alayed with faire water which hauing dured a while upon the plate will eate into it as it were engraven then put it into cold water and wash it about and it will leaue eating further and then take off the ground and it is done Ared ground for Etching Take red lead grinde it very well and temper it with varnish A white ground TAke one ounce of Waxe and two ounces of Rosin melt them together and adde thereto a quarter of an ounce of Venice Ceruse ground fine lay it on while it is hot A blacke ground TAke Asphaltum two parts Bees waxe one part melt them together and being warme lay it on very thinly with a fine lawne ragge If it seeme somewhat red in any one part hold it over the smoake of a Linke or waxe candle and it will be amended Note that it is a principall thing in this Art to lay the ground on aright Another way how to engrave with water TAke Verdigrease Mercury sublimated vitreoll and allum a like quantity beate all to powder put them into a glasse and let it stand so halfe a day and stirre it often then lay on the plate waxe mingled with Linseed oyle or red lead with Linseed oyle and write in it that you meane to grave then put the water on it and let it so remaine halfe a day if you will have it very deepe let it lye longer If you will engrave Images c. lay the waxe on the Iron or Steele thin and draw what you will theron that it may touch the mettall then put the water into the strokes and it will be engraven How to engrave on a flint stone TAke a Flint and write on it what you will with the fat or tallow of an Oxe afterward lay the flint in vineger foure dayes FINIS Place this betweene folio 14. and 15. THE BOOKE OF EXTRAVAGANTS Wherein amongst others is principally contrived divers excellent and approved Medicines for severall maladies By I. B. LONDON Printed by Thomas Harper for Ralph Mab 1634. To the Reader COurteous Reader forasmuch as there were divers experiments that I could not conveniently or rather my occasions would not permit me to dispose in such order as I would have done I thought it would not bee amisse to call them by the names of Extravagants and so to set them downe as I found them eyther inserted amongst other my notes as I put them in practise or as they came into remembrance How to make a light burne under the water being a very pretty conceypt to take fish LEt there be a glasse as A having a hole at the bottome to put a candle in with a screwed socket The socket must have a loope at the bottome whereunto you must hang a weight of such heavinesse that it may draw the body of the glasse under water The necke of this glasse must bee open and stand above the water also about the necke must bee fastened a good broad peece of wood round about which but on that side of it that is next unto the water must be placed divers peeces of looking glasses so the light of the candle in the glasse body will bee multiplied according unto the number of them All the fishes neere unto it will resort about it as amazed at so glorious a sight and so you may take them with a cast net or other How to make an image hang in the middle of a glasse MAke the lower part of the image of hard wax and the upper part of wood and overlay it with oyle colours then put it into a globe glasse filled with fayre water and which way soever you turne the glasse the image will still hang in the middle and stand as it were upright which to my knowledge hath been a thing causing no small admiration among divers that have not understood the cause of it How to make five