It is likewise much caried abroad both into Portingale and els where but they are most vsed in India for there the women speciallie those of Bengala vse to weare manillias or bracelets of them about their armes that is to say those of most account and they must not take a maidens maidenhead from her that is of any estate or degree but she must haue some of these mother of Pearle bracelets about her armes which at this day is yet much vsed and obsâ—â—ued whereby it is verie much wornâ— Torteanxes there are likewise in great numbers throughout all India of their shelles they make many curious deuises as Combes Cuppes and Boles to drinke in with tablemen and diuers such like thinges knowing howe to giue it a faire and shining colour most pleasant to behold and is more estéemed of in India theÌ„ the mother of pearle by reason of the beautifull colour they set vppon it The 85. Chapter Of Diamonds DIamonds by the Arabians and Mores called Almas and by the Indians where they grow Iraa and by the Malagans where they are likewise fouÌ„d Itam They grow in the Countrie of Decam behinde Ballagate by the Towne of Bisnagar wherein are two or three hilles from whence they are digged whereof the King of Bâ—snagar doth reape great profitte for hee causeth theÌ„ to be straightly watched and hath farmed them out with this condition that all Diamonds that are aboue twenty fiue Mangeleyns in waight are for the king himselfe euery Mangelyn is foure graines in waight and if anie man bee found that hideth anie such hee looseth both life and goods There is yet another hill in the Countrie of Decam which is called Vellia that is the old Rocke from thence come the best Diamonds and are sold for the greatest price which the Diamand grinders Iewellers and Indians can very well discerne from the rest These Diamonds are much brought to sell in a Faire that is holden in a Towne called Lâ—spor lying in the same countrie of Decam betweene Goa and Cambaia whether the Banianes and Gusurates of Cambaia doe goe and buy them vp bringing them to Goa and other places They are very skilfull in these matters so that no Ieweller can goe beyond them but oftentimes they deceiue the best Iewellers in all Christendome In this Roca Vellia there are Diamondes founde that are called Nayfes ready cut which are naturall and are more estéemed then the rest specially by the Indians themselues In the straight called Tania pura a countrie on the one side of Malacca there is likewise an old rocke which also is called Roca-Vellia where many Diamondes are found that are excellent they are small but verie good and heauie which is good for the seller but not for the buyer Diamonds are digged like gold out of Mynes and where they digge one yeare the length of a man into the ground within three or foure yeares after there are Diamondes founde againe in the same place which grow there Sometimes they find Diamonds of one hundred and two hundred Mangelyns and more but verie few There is another stone called a Topace for colour which is almost like the Diamond but darker of lesse estimation There are many of them founde that are of great valew for that kinde of stone and are likewise digged out of the earth like Diamonds in many places of India There are also white Saffires and Rubies which can hardly bee knowne from Diamonds vnles it be by very good and expert Iewellers and Diamond grinders There is likewise founde in India a kinde of thing much like to Rock-christall but indéede it is none for there is no Christall to be found in India nor in any of the oriental countries It is called berylo and is little different from Christall It is much found in Cambaia Pegu and Seylon and they make many things thereof as beades seales and diuers other thinges which they sell vnto the Christians and vse among themselues The 86. Chapter Of Rubies Espinelles Granades Emeralds and other precious stones RVbies are of manie sorts but the best are those that are called carbunckles which are Rubies that waigh aboue 25. quilates wherof there are verie few and seldome to be found The best Rubies that are of the best colour and water are in India called Tockes which are like Carbunckles there are others called Ballax which are of a lower price then the first and they are red There are others called Espinellas that are of colour like fire and are lesse esteemed then the other two sortes because they haue not the right water of Rubies There are Rubies also of manie other sorts wherof some are white like Diamonds as I said before other of a Carnation colour or much like white Cherries when they are ripe There are Rubies found halfe white halfe red some halfe Rubies halfe Safires and a thousand such other sortes The cause thereof is because that in the rockes and hils where they grow their first colour is white and by the force of the Sunne are in time brought to their perfection and ripenesse and béeing perfect they are of colour red like the Carbunckle and Tockes aforesaid but wanting somewhat of their perfection and being digged out before that time they are of diuers colours as I said before and how much paler they are and lesse red then the Tockes so much are they lesse in valew for as they are in beautie and perfection so are they estéemed euery one in their kinde Those that are halfe Rubies and halfe Safires which the Indians call Nilcandi that is to say halfe Safier and halfe Rubie proceed of this that the Rubies and Safiers grow alwaies in one rocke whereby they are oftentimes founde halfe one halfe other The Rubies by the Arabians and Persians are called Iacut by the Indians Manica The Safiers are of two sortes one of a darke blew the other of a right blew the Iacinth Granades and Robasses are likewise certaine kinds of Rubies but little esteemed the Indians call them the yellow and carnation Rubies and so foorth according to their colour These Iacinthes Granadoes and Robasses are in so great numbers in Cananor Calecut and Cambaia that they are to sell in euerie Market and corner of the streets by whole corgias each corgia hauing twentie péeces at the least in it they sell the corgia for one stiuer or two at the most as many as you will desire but you must vnderstand they are of the smallest sort The Safier is not of so great estimation as the Rubie and yet is one of the most precious stones that are next the Diamond and the Rubie the Rubies Safiers and other stones aforesaid doe grow and are found in rockes and hilles like Diamonds they come out of Calecut Cananor and from manie places in the land of Bisnaga but most out of the Island of Seylon which are the best but those of the Countrie of Pegu are esteemed the finest whereof there is great store The
and tasteth much like a hasel nut but somewhat sweeter The Lanhos haue within them a good draught of water which is very cleare sweet and coole to drink It is at the least halfe a Can full when men walke abroad and are thirstie they go vnto the Canarijns who presently with a great knife in their handes come vp the tree and cut off as many Lanhos as a man desireth selling them for a Basaruco or a two peece which they make very ready and cleare to be drunke the first shell that is ouer the inward fruit which as the nut is come to his full ripenes becometh almost to bee wood is then but thin and soft and very pleasant to eate with salt and do taste almost like Artichokes a man may drinke as much of this water as hee will for it will not hurt him but is a verie pleasant drinke when the fruit is ripe there is not so much water in it and is white within and somewhat thicker of substance and then the water is not so good as it was before beeing Lanhos for then it becommeth somewhat sower These Cocus being yet in their husks may be carried ouer the whole world and not once hurt or brused and it happeneth oftentimes that by continuance of time the water within the Cocus doth conuert and congeale into a certaine kinde of yellow apple which is verie sauorie and sweet The huske beeing taken off the shel serueth for many vses as to make ladles with woodden handles and also certaine little pots which beeing fastned to a sticke they doe therewith take and lade water out of their great pots they make thereof also small vessels to beare wine in when they walke into the fieldes and a thousand other thinges These shelles are likewise burnt serue for coales for Goldsmithes which are very good and excellent Of the white of these nuts in India they make porrage and dresse meate withall strayning and pressing out the milke wherin with many other mixtures they seeth their rice to bee short they neuer dresse any rice which they cal Carrijl is the sauce to their meate thereunto but they put some of their Cocus milk into it els the Cocus is but little eaten for there it is not esteemed of but serueth for meate for the slaues and poore people They likewise breake the Cocus in péeces and taking off the shell they drie the fruit or white meat that is within it and it is caried in great quantities out of Malabar to Cambaia and Ormus to the Northern coastes and quarters beyond Goa as also to the countrie of Ballagate traffique much therewith Of this white substance they make Oyle which they stampe in cesterns like Oliues and it maketh verie good oyle as well to eat as to burne which is likewise very medicinable There are two sortes of Oyle made of these nuts one out of the fresh or greene nuts stamped and mixed with warme water which beeing pressed foorth the oyle swimmeth aboue the water◠this oyle is vsed to purge the maw and the guts for it purgeth very gently without hurt some mixe therewith the iuyce of Thamarindes maketh thereof a verie wholesome medecine the other Oyle is prest out of the dried Cocus which is called Copra is good also to purge the maw and against the shrinking of the sinews as also for old aches and paines in the ioyntes and lims This dried Cocus which is so caried abroad is called Copra When they desire to haue no Cocus or fruite thereof they cut the blossomes of the Cocus away and binde a round Potte with a narrow mouth by them called Callao fast vnto the tree and stop the same close round about with pot earth so that neyther wine nor aire can eyther enter in or come forth in that sort the pot in short space is full of water which they call Sura is very pleasant to drinke like sweet whay somewhat better This water being drunke is very good against the heate of the liuer and the kidnies and cleanseth the yard from corruption and filthie matter The same water standing but one houre in the sunne is very good viniger and in India they haue none other This Sura beeing distilled is called Fula or Nipe is as excellent aqua vitae as any is made in Dor◠of their best rēnish wine but this is of the finest kinde of distillation The second distillation thereof is called Vraca which is verie good wine is the wine of India for they haue no other wine It is very hot strong yet y e Indians drinke it as if it were water the Portingales vse it in this sort They put it into vessels and to a pipe of Vraca they put 3. or 4. Hands of reasons that are brought for marchandise into India from Ormus euerie Hand is 12. poundes which beeing washed they put into the vessell leauing the bung opē the pipe not being full for if it were it wold burst by reason of the heat because therewith it séetheth in the Pipe like water on the fire and boyling so it is stirred euery day for the space of fourteene or fifteene dayes in which time the Vraca getteth as faire a redde colour as if it were Portingall wine and differeth not much in taste but yet sweeter and hotter of it selfe howbeit it is altogether as fayre and of as good a colour as their Portingall Wyne so that they can hardly bee discerned one from the other this Wine is called Wine of Passa or Reasons With this Wine there is great traffique vsed to Bengala Malacca China and other places and euery Pipe thereof costeth within Goa 30. Pardawen the péece little more or lesse Of the aforesaide Sura they likewise make Sugar which is called Iagra they seeth the water and set it in the Sun whereof it becommeth Sugar but it is little estéemed because it is of a browne colour and for that they haue so great quantitie and abundance of white Sugar throughout all India The innermost parte of the trée or trunke is called Palmito and is the pith or hart of the same trunke which is much estéemed and sent for a present vnto men of great account It is as thinne as Paper and also white and is as if it were plaited or prest together as they vse to plait presse womens huykes in the Low countries it is also long and slender and hath sometimes 50. or 60. foldes or plaites in it like a paper booke This the Indians vse for paper and bookes which continueth in the same foldes whereon they write when it is gréene and so let it drie and then it is impossible to get the letters out againe for it is printed therein with a kind of Iron instrument The Indians cal it Olla whereof all their bookes wrytinges and Euidences are made which they can seale and shutte vp as we doe our letters Of this Paper with the
the same as an infallible law which groweth vpon this occasion A long time since there was in China a great mightie familie which together with all their friends and acquaintance secretly conspired and agréed to ryse vp against the King of China to driue him out of his kingdome and to kill him and hauing so done to place themselues therein but it could not so secretly be contriued and wrought but in the end it was knowne whereupon the king punished them most gréeuously and caused diuers of the principall conspirators to be put to death and all others he found to be consenting therunto should haue felt the like paine which gréeued the Counsell and other Noble men of the countrie for that diuers of their néerest kinsmen were of that conspiracie so that with humble and long petition to the King they besought him to let them liue and to punish them with some easier punishment then death but that which they sought desired at the king all things considered was little better then death which was that he would banish them and all their posteritie for euer out of the countrie into the Ilands of Iapen which as then were not inhabited and this as they desired was done whereby there is so great enuie and hatred betwéene them and the men of China that they hate each other to the death and doe all the mischief one vnto the other that they can imagine or deuise euen vntill this time The men of Iapen haue done much mischief vnto the men of China and many times fallen vpon their coasts and put all to fire and sword and now at this present haue not any conuersation with them but onely they trafficke with the Portingales and to shewe themselues whollie their deadlie enemies in all their actions they are cleane contrary vnto the men of China and to the same end haue changed all their customes ceremonies and manners of curtesie from the men of China To recite the particulars would be ouer long yet I will in briefe set down some fewe examples of the customes and manners therein One is where the China vseth the curtesie of salutation to a man with the head and hand wheÌ„ they méet together the Iapens to the contrarie put off their shoes whereby they shewe them reuerence and as the Chinaes stand vp when they minde to receyue any man and to doe him reuerence they to the contrarie set themselues down accounting it a verie vnséemely thing to receyue or bid a man welcome standing on their féet and as we put on our clokes when we meane to goe abroad into the towne or countrie they put them off when they goe forth putting on great wyde bréeches and coming home they put them off again and cast their clokes vpon their shoulders and as among other nations it is a good sight to see men with white and yealow hayre and white teeth with them it is estéemed the filthiest thing in the world and séeke by all meanes they may to make their hayre and téeth blacke for that the white causeth their grief and the blacke maketh them glad The like custome is among the women for as they goe abroad they haue their daughters maydes before them and their men seruants come behind which in Spaigne is cleane contrarie and when they are great with childe they tye their girdles so hard about them that men would thinke they shuld burst and when they are not with Childe they weare their girdles so slacke that you would thinke they would fall from their bodies saying that by experience they do finde if they should not doe so they should haue euill lucke with their fruict and presently as soone as they are deliuered of their children in stéed of cherishing both the mother and the child with some comfortable meat they presently wash the childe in cold water and for a time giue the mother very little to eate and that of no great substance Their manner of eating and drinking is Euerie man hath a table alone without table clothes or napkins and eateth with two peeces of wood like the men of China they drinke wine of Rice wherewith they drink themselues drunke and after their meat they vse a certaine drinke which is a pot with hote water which they drinke as hote as euer they may indure whether it be Winter or Summer The Turkes holde almost the same maÌ„ner of drinking of their Chaona which they make of certaine fruit which is like vnto the Bakelaer and by the Egyptians called Bon or Ban they take of this fruite one pound and a half and roast them a little in the fire and then sieth them in twentie poundes of water till the half be consumed away this drinke they take euerie morning fasting in their chambers â—ut of an eâ—rthen pot being verie hote as we doe here drinke aquacomposita in the morning and they say that it strengtheneth and maketh them warme breaketh wind and openeth any stopping The manner of dressing their meat is altogether contrarie vnto other nations the aforesaid warme water is made with the powder of a certaine hearbe called Chaa which is much estéemed and is well accounted of among them and al such as are of any countenance or habilitie haue the said water kept for them in a secret place and the gentlemen make it themselues and when they will entertaine any of their friends they giue him some of that warme water to drinke for the pots wherein they sieth it and wherein the hearbe is kept with the earthen cups which they drinke it in they esteeme as much of them as we doe of Diamants Rubies and other precious stones and they are not esteemed for their newnes but for their oldnes and for that they were made by a good workman and to know and kéepe such by themselues they take great and speciall care as also of such as are the valewers of them and are skilfull in them as with vs the goldsmith priseth and valueth siluer and gold and the Iewellers all kindes of precious stones so if their pots cuppes be of an old excelleÌ„t workmaÌ„s making they are worth 4 or 5 thousaÌ„d ducats or more the peece The King of Bungo did giue for such a pot hauing thrée feet 14 thousand ducats and a Iapan being a Christian in the town of Sacay gaue for such a pot 1400 ducats and yet it had 3 peeces vpon it They doe likewise estéeme much of any picture or table wherein is painted a blacke trée or a blacke bird and when they knowe it is made of wood and by an ancient cuÌ„ning maister they giue whatsoeuer you will aske for it It happeneth some times that such a picture is sold for 3 or 4 thousand ducats and more They also estéeme much of a good rapier made by an old and cunning maister such a one many times costeth 3 or 4 thousand Crowns the péece These things doe they kéeepe and estéeme for their Iewels as
blacke sauing the first outmost huske is white and smooth without any wrinckle but hath the verie self same vertue and taste that black pepper hath It cometh oftentimes mingled with the Malacca pepper The pepper that groweth in the countries about Malacca is many times also brought into Portingal but verie little for that it is 2 yeares betweene euery ship that sayleth out of Portingale thither which being there taketh in some pepper but most Cloues and Nutmegges with their flowers and other marchandises of China But the most part of that pepper is vsed in the same countries as in Pegu Syon specially in China and other countries bordering on the same which deal continually one with an other Pepper by the Malabares is called Molanga and in the countries by Malacca Lada in Arabia Filâ—il the Gusarates of Cambaia and Decamins of Ballagate cal it Meriche and they of Bengala Moroâ—s and the long pepper which groweth onely in BeÌ„gâ—la and Iaua is called Pelcâ—m Pepper groweth and is planted at the foote of an other trée and most part at the foote of the trée called Arecca or some such like trée groweth vpon the tree like Bettele or Iue The leaues of pepper are like Orange leaues but somewhat smaller they are green and sharp at the ends in the chawing it biteth the tong and tasteth much like to Bettele it growes in bunshes like grapes but a great deale lesser and thynner yet somewhat thicker then Gooseberries they are alwaies green til they begin to drie and to ripen which is in DeceÌ„ber and Ianuary for at that time they are gathered The long pepper groweth in Bengala and some in the Iland of Iaua and is an other kinde of trée the long pepper is of the length of a néedle or the tagge of a point but somewhat thicker and all of a like thicknes it is outwardly rugged and of an ashie colour and within somewhat white with small seedes but in taste and vse it is like the other black and white pepper The white pepper as I sayd is like the black both in taste and forme yet it is accounted for better stroÌ„ger and is not in so great quantitie as the black The Pepper called Canariins in the countrie of Goa and Malabar almost of the fashion of Panike it is of an ashe colour and holow within with some smal kernels which in eating tasteth and heateth like other pepper yet it is vsed onely by the poore people and therefore is called Canariin pepper that is to say Countrie mens pepper or poore peoples pepper therefore it is neuer laden away for it is verie course and of little value neither would it be able to rayse the fraight and therfore is it left in the countrie The other pepper is in India and all other Eastern countries much vsed and spent by the Indians themselues and that in greater quantitie then yearelie is carried or laden from thence for other places for they eate not any kinde of meate but they put therein handfuls of pepper al vnbeaten so that they waste the more In the description of Malabar I haue set downe in what places pepper doth grow and is coÌ„monlie laden and the hauens where the Portingall shippes doe come and fetch it therefore it néedeth not here to be rehearsed pepper is likewise much vsed wheÌ„ it is green to be put in pots with vineger and salt and so is kept a long time and in the same manner carryed into Portingal but it is most vsed in that sort to be eaten in India and is called pepper in Achar in which manner they vse to dresse all other sorts of spices in India and eate it commonlie to procure an appetite as we doe Capars Oliues and Lemons being pickled Pepper is vsed in the kitchen and in Apothecaries shoppeâ— although in both places not as a meate or food but for physicke it warmeth the mawe and consumeth the cold slymenes thereof to ease the payne in the mawe which proceedeth of rawnesse and wind It is good to eate fyue pepper cornes euerie morning He that hath a bad or thick sight let him vse pepper cornes with annis â—ennel seed and Cloues for thereby the mystinesse of the eyes which darken the sight is cleered and driueÌ„ away The Apotheâ—ries make a confection of 3. sorts oâ— peppeâ— in this sort of whâ—te blacke and â—ong Pepper of each 25 draÌ„mes wilde tyme ginger â—nis seed of each an ouâ—ce with honnie is much as needeth to make a conâ—eâ— which is good for such as haue a cold 〈◊〉 the Nucken the paine in the liuer and the Dropsie The 63. Chapter Of Cinamom CInamon in Latin is called Cinamoâ— by the Arabians Quirsa by the Persians Daâ—china by the men of Seylon where it most groweth Curdo of the people of Malacca Caysman and by the Malabares Camea the trees are as great as Oliue trees and some lesser with leaues of Colmi like Baye leaues but of fashion like Citron leaues though somewhat smaller They haue white blossomes and a certaine fruite of the greatnes of black Portingall Oliues whereof also Oyle is made which is vsed for manie thinges The tree hath two barkes but the second bark is the Cinamon it is cut off in foure square péeces and so laid to dry at the first it is ashe colour after as it beginneth to dry it roulleth together of it self and looketh of the colour as it commeth hether which procéedeth of the heate of the Sunne The trée from whence the barke is taken they let it stand within 3 yeres after it hath an other barke as it had before These trees are in great abundance for they grow of themselues without planting in the open fields like bushes the roote of this tree yeeldeth a water which smelleth like Camphora it is forbidden to be drawn forth for spoyling the trees The Cinamon that is not wel dried is of ashe colour that which is ouer much dryed blackish but the best dryed is reddish there is much and excellent water distilled out of CinamoÌ„ while it is half gréen which is much vsed in India manie times caryed into Portingal and other places it is very pleasant both to drinke and to smell but very hote and strong it is vsed against the Colicke and other diseases procéeding of cold it is likewise good against a stincking breath and euill sauor of the mouth There is likewise a water made of the blossomes of this tree but not so good nor so well esteemed as that of Cinamon it self The places where Cinamon groweth is most and best in the IlaÌ„d of Seylon wherin there is whole woods full of Cinamon trees in the coast of Malabar there groweth likewise great store and some woods of Cinamon but not half so good and lesser trees the barke being grayer and thicker and of smal vertue The Cinamon of the Iland of Seylon is the best and finest and is at the least three times dearer in the price The
parts with a very good table and were to bee compared with a Diamond of one Quilate it would bee worth 40. duckets but hauing any imperfections euery maÌ„ may well consider what hurt and abate they may doe in the price and after the same rate make his account as hee doth in Rubies the Ballayeses are likewise sold by waight but not in that sort as Diamonds and Rubies but they are estéemed according to the waight that is the best â—layes that may be found being of one Quilate may be worth ten duckets and hauing any faults eyther in colour or other perfections is of lesse valew but beeing perfect as I said alreadie it is worth ten duckets and two Quilates twentie duckets of three Quilates thirtie duckets and so after the rate as it is small or great being of the waight it should bee and beeing imperfect euery man ofskill may well consider what it is worth being of one Quilate estéeme it thereafter The 91. Chapter Of Orientale Pearles THe Orientale Pearles are better then those of the Spanish Indies and haue great difference in the price for they are worth more and haue a better glasse being clearer and fairer Those of the Spanish Indies commonly beeing darker deader of colour yet there are some found in the Portingall Indies that are nothing inferiour to the Orientale Pearles but they are very few Now to valew them as they shuld be I wil only set the good Pearles at a price A Pearle that in all partes is perfect both of water glasse and beautie without knobs of forme very rouÌ„d or proportioned like a pearle without dents being of one Quilate is worth a ducket and after this rate I will make my reckoning as I doe with Diamonds Rubies and Emeraulds and if there be any faults in the water clearenes and fashion or that it hath any knobs or other defaults it may well be considered what hurt it may bee vnto the sale thereof and according to the goodnes or badnes valew the price therof which hauing valewed we must sée what it weigheth and then make the reckoning thereof as with Diamonds Rubies Emeraulds if there be a whole string or a chaine full of Pearles you must looke well vpon theÌ„ for where there are many they are not all alike the greatest beeing the best the other after the rate for the goodnes of the great wil beare the badnes of the smal but if it be contrary then the bargen is not very good This shall suffice for instruction to such as desire to deale therewith to haue alwaies in their memorie and what herein is wanting for the better vnderstanding and knowledge hereof it may be supplied by true Iewellers and stone cutters that are skilfull in this point and with these instructions can easily help so that a maÌ„ shall not need wholly to put his trust in those that for their owne profit will giue them but bad counsell therein The 92. Chapter Of â—rtaâ—ne â—emorable thinges passed in India during my residence there IN the month of December Anno 158â— there ariued in the towne and Island of Ormus foure EnglishmeÌ„ which came from Aleppo in the couÌ„trie of Suria hauing sayled out of England and passed through the straightes of Gibraltar to Tripoli a towne and Hauen lying on the sea coast of Suria where all the shippes discharge their wares and marchandises and frome thence are caryed by land vnto Alleppo which is nyne dayes iourney In Aleppo there are resident diuers marchants and Factors of all Nations as Italians Frenchemen EnglishmeÌ„ Armenians Turkes Mores euerie man hauing his Religion apart paying tribute vnto the great Turke In that towne there is great trafficke for that from thence euerie yeare twyse there trauelleth two Caâ—ylen that is companies of people and Camelles which trauell vnto India Persia Arabia and all the countries bordering on the same and deale in all sorts of marchandise both to and from those Countries as I in an other place haue alreadie declared Three of the said Englishmen aforesaide were sent by the Companie of Englishmen that are resident in Aleppo to see if in Ormus they might keepe any Factors and so trafficke in that place like as also the Italians doe that is to say the Venetians which in Ormus Goa and Malacca haue their Factors and trafficke there as well for stones and pearles as for other wares and spices of those countries which from thence are caryed ouer land into Veâ—e One of these Englishmen had beene 〈◊〉 before in the said towne of Ormus and there had taken good information of the trade and vpon his aduise and aduertisement the other were as then come thether with him bringing great store of marchandises with them as Clothes Saffron all kindes of drinking glasses and Haberdashers wares as looking glasses kniues and such like stuffe and to conclude brought with them all kinde of small wares that may be deuised And although those wares amounted vnto great summes of money notwithstaÌ„ding it was but onlie a shadow or colour thereby to giue no occasion to be mistrusted or seen into for that their principall intent was to buy great quantities of precious Stones as Diamantes Pearles Rubies c. to the which ende they brought with them a great summe of money and Gold and that verie secretly not to be deceyued or robbed thereof or to runne into anie danger for the same They being thus aryued in Ormus hyred a Shop and began to sell their wares which the Italians perceyuing whose Factors continue there as I sayd before and fearing that those Englishmen finding good vent for their commodities in that place wold be resident therein and so daylie increase which would be no small losse and hinderance vnto them did presently inuent all the subtile meanes they could to hinder them and to that end they went vnto the Captaine of Ormus as then called Don Gonsalo de Meneses telling him that there were certaine Englishmen come into Ormus that were sent only to spy the Country and said further that they were Heretickes and therefore they sayd it was conuenient they shuld not be suffered so to depart without béeing examined and punished as enimies to the example of others The Captaine being a friend vnto the Englishmen by reason that one of them which had bene there before had giuen him certaine presents would not be perswaded to trouble them but shipped them with all their wares in a Shippe that was to sayle for Goa and sent them to the Viceroy that he might examine and trye them as hee thought good where when they were aryued they were cast into prison and first examined whether they were good Christians or no and because they could speake but bad Portugale onlie two of them spake good Dutche as hauing bene certaine yeares in the lowe Countries and there traffiqued There was a Dutch Iesuite borne in the towne of Bâ—gges in Flaunders that had bin resident in the Indies for the space
leaue it after they had spent in making and keeping thereof at the least foure tunnes of Gold and reaped no profit thereof onely thinking thereby if the Samorijn should breake his word and come foorth as oftentimes hee had done that by meanes of that Hauen they would keep him in where he should haue no place to come abroad to doe them any more mischiefe But seeing that the Samorijn had many other hauens and places from whence they might put foorth to worke them mischiefe and as much as euer they did although the Samorijn protesteth not to know of it as also that he could not let it saying that they were Sea rouers and were neither subiect vnto him nor any man else They left their Fort and put no great trust in the Malabares as being one of the most rebellious and trayterous nations in all the Indies and make many a traueling Marchant poore by reason the Sea coast is made by them so dangerous and perilous to sayle by for the which cause the Portingales armie by Sea is yearely sent foorth out of Goa onely to cleare the coast of them yet are there many Malabares in diuers places which by rouing and stealing doe much mischiefe in the Countrie both by water and by land which kéepe themselues on the Sea side where they haue their creekes to come forth and to carie their prises in to hide them in the countrie They dwell in straw houses vpon stone hilles and rocks not inhabited so that to conclude they can not be ouercome neither doe they care for Samorijns nor any man else There is a Hauen belonging to these ryuers distant from Goa about twelue miles and is called Sanguisâ—o where many of those Rouers dwell and doe so much mischiefe that no man can passe by but they receiue some wrong by them so that there came dayly complaints vnto the Viceroye who as then was named Don Francisco Mascharenhas Earle of Villa Doâ—ta who to remedie the same sent vnto the Samorijn to will him to punish them who returned the messenger againe with answere that he had no power ouer them neither yet could commaund them as being subiect to no man and gaue the Viceroy free libertie to punish them at his pleasure promising that he should haue his aide therein Which the Viceroy vnderstanding prepared an armie of fifteen Foists ouer whom he made chiefe Captaine a Gentleman his nephew called Don Iulianes Mascharenhas giuing him expresse commandement first to goe vnto the Hauen of Sanguisen vtterly to raze the same downe to the ground which to effect this fléete being at Sea and comming to the said Hauen the Admirall of the fléete asked counsel what was best to be done because Sanguisen is an Iland lying within the coast the ryuer runing about it with many Cliffes shallowes in the entrance so that at a low water men can hardly enter in At the last they appointed that the Admirall with halfe the fléete should put in on the one side and the Vice Admirall called Ioan Barriga with the other halfe should enter on the other side which being concluded among them the Admiral entred first commaunding the rest to follow and rowed euen to the Firme land thinking they had come after but the other Captaines that were all young Gentlemen and vnexperienced began to quarell among themselues who should be first or last whereby the fléete was seperated some lay in one place some in an other vpon the droughts and shalowes and could not stirre so that they coulde not come to helpe the Admirall neither yet stirre backward nor forwards And when the Vice Admirall should haue put in on the other side the Captaines that were with him would not obay him saying he was no Gentleman and that they were his betters vppon these and such like pâ—ints most of the Portingals enterprises doe stand and are taken in hand whereby most commonly they receiue the ouerthrow and by the same meanes this fléete was likewise spoyled and could not helpe themselues which those of Sangueseâ— perceiuing hauing forsaken their houses and being on the toppes of the hilles and séeing that the Foistes lay without one seperated from the other vpon the Cliffes and shallowes not being able to put off and that the Admirall lay alone vppon the Strand and coulde not stirre they tooke courage and in great number set vppon the Admirals Foiste and put them all to the sword except such as saued themselues by swimming And although the Admirall might well haue saued himselfe for that a slaue profered to beare him on his back yet he would not saying that he had rather die honourably fighting against his enemie then to saue his life with dishonour so that he defended himselfe most valiantly But when they came so many vpon him that hee coulde no longer resist them they slew him being deâ—d cut off his head in presence of all y e other Foistes which done they stucke the head vpon a Pike crying in mocking vnto the other Portingales come and fetch your Captaine againe to their no litle shame and dishonour that in the meane time looked one vpon an other like Owles In the ende they departed from thence with the fléete euerie man seuerally by themselues like shéep without a shepheard and so returned againe into Goa with that great victorie The Captaines were presently committed to prison but each man excusing himselfe were all discharged againe great sorrowe being made for the Admirall specially by the Viceroy because hee was his brothers sonne and much lamented by euery man as being a man verie well beloued for his courteous and gentle behauiour the other Captaines to the contrarie being much blamed as they well deserued Presently therevpon they made ready an other armie with other Captaines whereof Don Ieronimo Mascharenhas was Admirall being cousin to the foresaid Admirall deceased to reuenge his death This fléete set foote on land and withall their power entred among the houses but the Sangueseans perceiuing them to come that purposely watched for them fled into the mountaines leauing their strawe houses emptie whether they could not be followed by reason of the wildnesse of the place whereupon the Portingales burnt their houses and cut down their trées rasing al things to the ground with the which distruction they departed thence no man resisting them At the same time the rulers of Cochijn by commandement of the Viceroy began to set vp a custome house in the towne which till that time had neuer beene there for the which cause the inhabitants rose vp would haue slaine them that went about it Whereupon they left it off till such time as the new Viceroy came out of Portingall called Don Duarede Meneses and with the old Viceroy assembled a counsell in Cochijn where the gouernment was deliuered vnto him and there he vsed such meanes that by faire words and intreatie they erected their custome house and got the townes mens good will but more by compulsion
by reason of the great moysture fell downe to the grounde as also because the stone wherewith they are built is verie soft and their morter the more half earth In the same month of August there happened a foule and wonderfull murther within the towne of Goa and because it was done vpon a Netherlander I thought good to set it downe at large that hereby men may the better perceyue the boldnesse and filthie lecherous mindes of the Indian women which are commonly all of one nature and disposition The thing was thus a young man borne in Antwarpe called Frauncis King by his trade a stone cutter was desirous as many young men are to sée strange countries for the same cause trauelled vnto Venice where he had an vncle dwelling who being desirous to preferre his cosin sent him in the company of other Marchantes to Aleppo in Suria where the Venetians haue great trafficke as I saide before there to learne the trade of marchandise and specially to deale in stones to the which ende he deliuered him a great summe of money This young youth being in Aleppo fell into company in such sort that in steede of increasing his stocke as his vncle meant he should doe he made it lesse by the one halfe so that when the other Marchants had dispatched their businesse and were readie to depart for Venice Frauncis King perceyuing that hee had dealt in such sorte that halfe his stocke was consumed and spent in good fellowshippe knew not what to doe as searing his vncles displeasure not daring to returne againe to Venice vnlesse hee caried as much with him as hee brought from thence in the end hee tooke counsell of some Venetians with whome hee was acquainted that willed him to goe with the Caffila or Caruana that as then was ready to go vnto Bassora and from thence to Ormus in India assuring him seeing hee had knowledge in stones that hee might doe great good and winne much profite in those Countries and thereby easily recouer the losse that by his folly hee had receyued which would turne to his great benefite and likewise no hurt vnto his vncle Which counsell hee followed determining not to returne backe againe before hee had recouered his losse and to the same ende and purpose hee ioyned himselfe with certain Venetians who at the same instant trauelled thether and so went with the Caffila till they came vnto Bassora the best Towne in all those Countries lying vppon the vtter parte of Sinus Persicus that goeth towardes Ormus and from thence by water till they arriued in Ormus where euerie man set vppe his shoppe and began to sell his wares but Francis King being young and without gouernment séeing himselfe so far distant from his vncle made his account that the money he had in hie hands was then his owne and began againe without anie foresight to leade his accustomed life taking no other care but onlie to be merie and make good cheare so long till in the end the whole stock was almost clean spent and consumed and beginning to remember himself and to call to mind his follies past hee knewe not what course to take for that to goe home again he thought it not the best way as wāting the meanes and again he durst not shew himself in the sight of his Vncle. At the last he determined to trauell vnto Goa where he vnderstood he might well get his liuing by setting vp his trade til it pleased god to work otherwise for him and so he came to Goa and being there presently set vp shoppe to vse his occupation But because he found there good company that is to say Netherlanders and other Dutchmen that serued there ordinarily for Trumpetters and Gunners to the Viceroy who did daylie resort vnto him he could not so well ply his worke but that he fell into his wonted course which he perceiuing in the end determined to make his continuall residence in Goa and for the same purpose set downe his rest to seeke some meanes there to abide as long as he liued seeing all other hope was cleane lost for euer returning againe vnto his Vncle or into his owne countrie At the same time among other strangers there was one Iohn de Xena a French man borne in Deepe that in former times was come into India for drum vnto one of the Viceroyes and hauing beene long in the countrie was maryed to a woman of Ballagate a Christian but by birth a More This French man kept a shoppe in Goa where he made Drummes and other Ioyners worke and withall was the Kings Oare maker for the Galleyes whereby he liued in reasonable good sort He had by his foresaid wyfe two sonnes and a daughter and as strangers of what nation soeuer they be vse to take acquaintance one of the other being out of their owne countries speciallie in India where there are very few and do hold together as brethren which to them is a great comfort so this Frauncis King vsed much to this French mans house by whome he was verie much made of and very welcome as thinking thereby to bring him to match with his daughter because of his occupation which is of great account in India because of the great number of Diamants other stones that are sold in those countries and to conclude as the manner of India is that when they haue gotten a man in once they will neuer leaue him he ceassed not with many promises and other wonderful matters to draw Frauncis so farre that he gaue his consent thereunto which afterwardes cost him his lyfe as in the historie following you shall heare the true discourse To make short they were maried according to their manner the Bryde being but 11 yeares old very fair and comelie of bodie and limme but in villanie the worst that walked vppon the earth yet did her husband account himselfe a most happie man that had found such a wyfe as he often times said vnto me although he was so ielous of her that he trusted not any man were they neuer so néere friends vnto him but he in whome he put his greatest trust least suspected was the onelie worker of his woe When he was betroathed to his wife the father promised him a certain péece of money and vntill it were payde he and his wyfe should continue at meat and meale in his father in lawes house and should haue a shop adioyning to the same and whatsoeuer he earned should be for himself When all this was done and the matter had remained thus a long while by reason that the father in law could not performe the promised summe because their houshold increased it came to passe that the old man fel into a sicknesse and died and then Frauncis King must of force pay his part towards the house kéeping which he liked not of thereupon fel out with his mother in law and on a certaine time made his complaint to me asking my counsel therein I
make thrée The second houell which lyeth in the middle is bare wholly discouered appearing through the rocks cliffes y t lie vpon the top of y e field called Dos Paâ—anas which is in the middle of the chanel being by the last houses of the town and when you are right against y e aforesaid houses then you shal presently discouer the 3. houel so that when you are right against y e sandy point lying close by y e Varella called Dos Mandorins then the said houel is almost wholly vncouered where you shall find four fadome and a halfe déepe with a full sea of a Spring tide and as soone as you are past the sandy Point then you beginne to find more depths that is fiue and fiue fadome and a halfe and running in that sort you shall go right vpon a broken land lying on the other side ouer against the Island called Ilha do Bugio that is the Island of sea Cats When you are at the depths aforesaid then southward from you you shall sée an opening called Enseada de Gonsato vaaz which within it hath a hil on the east side which sheweth like an Island or Cliffe and on the West side it hath two Points sticking out and when those two Points are right ouer against each other theÌ„ you are in the middle of the channell and you must be carefull to sée y t they lye one right against the other for by that marke you shall runne in the déepest and best place which is at 27 Spannes of water with a spring tide as I haue found it in the time of the Monson when you saile to Iapon hauing an East winde for with a North wind you haue lesse water there Now to know when you are as farre as the banke you must vnderstande that Northward towards the Island Do Bugio there lyeth a stony cliffe which sheweth like a houell which lieth most Northward of all the rest along by the strand it hath a clouen Rocke with two Points when you haue the aforesaid stony Cliffe like a houell right ouer against the middle of the aforesaid clouen rocke then you are vpon the aforesaid banke and when the aforesaid marke standeth vneuen on the one or other side then you shall presently find more depths which shall bee thus that as you run Southeast right vpon the thickest and greatest land on the other side vntill you be at foure and fiue fadome water which is the point called Varella and desiring to passe through the east channell then you must runne Southeast and East Southeast vntill you haue discouered the Island Do Lastro wholly by the end of the Island Do Bugio then it is not good for you to runne more southward to shun the stone lying right ouer against the Varella and when you haue discouered the Island Do Lastro as I said before then you must runne along by the aforesaid stone about two cables length from it there you shall haue the depth of 28. and nine and twenty spannes of water with a spring tide and to know when you are néerest the stone it is wheÌ„ you haue wholly discouered the first cliffe of two that lye on the Northside of the Island Do Lastro and then you are about a stones cast from the aforesaid-stone at the depth aforesaid and when you haue wholly discouered the second Cliffe then you are beyond the stone you may likewise know it by another marke which is a white vlacke standing vpon the Hill which you see ouer the Towne and hath a stone which sheweth like a mans head When you bring the aforesaid white vlacke in the middle of the top of the house of Don Ioan d Almeyda then you are right ouer against the aforesaid stone and wheÌ„ you are past it it is good to make towards the land on the Southside in such sort that you leaue the two third parts thereof on the side of the town and one third part on the Southside and running in that sort you shall haue more depths then in the middle way vntill you be vpon the banke which hath no more then sixe and twenty Spannes Water with high Water of a spring tide And desiring to knowe when you begin to be right against it it is when you haue the crosse part or dore of y e great church right against the toppe of a house that standeth on the strand which commeth vpon the same way of the same dore right to the strand so that y e dore is wholly discouered there you haue seuen twenty or eight and twenty Spannes water which shall bee when you sée or discouer the clocke house or top of S. Paules church with a hill that standeth behind the same church and as soone as the said clockhouse is couered then you shall presently finde more depths as two and thirtie spannes water which is foure fadome which is right ouer against the place where you fetch fresh Water and going somewhat further forward you shall finde foure fadome and a halfe fiue fadome at a spring tide this was the Road where the shippe called S. Crus of the burthen of fourteene or sixtéene tunnes did anker and when the said ship did wind with an ebbe then the Island Do Lastro lay vncouered although it was a good way from the Land You haue a very good token or marke to know when the land on the Southside is neerest to you then you must make to the Island Do Lastro and Northward from it there is two cliffes and when those two cliffes are one against the other then you are in the déepest of the channell vntill you bee ouer the banke The 44. Chapter Of the course and streames of the water in the way from Malacca in the time of the Monson when they ordinarily trauell thether FRom the Island Pulo Catao lying on the coast of Champa part of the Land of Camboia to the Varella which is a place lying in the way from Pulo catao towards Malacca in y e same coast of Champa or Camboia y e streames run very strong towards the south from the Island Pulo Catao fiue miles forward y e streams run very strong towards the Island Champello and the créeke called A Enseada de Cauchinchina And in the monson of China when you saile from Mallacca in the months of October Nouember and December theÌ„ the streames in that part run Northwest And from the Month of Ianuary forward they run southwest that is towards the sands therfore such as trauel that way must obserue certain times and that with good aduise and as they begin to goe néere the country where the sands lie that are right against the coast of Champa betwéene them and the entery of the coast the streames run as swiftly into the south as a stone slyeth out of a mans hand But I aduise you not to goe so néere the Island Aynao that you may sée it vnlesse it be with a Northwind for with an East wind you would be
not knowe it but when you see this Island then you may knowe where you are From this Island to S. Vincents are twelue miles which is a pleasant way and in that countrey there are three small Islands called As Ilhas de Boa Sicanga From these Islandes to the Hauen called A Berra de Birtioga are sixe miles which is a verie good a deepe Hauen Between the Islandes aforesaid this Hauen lieth another rouÌ„d Island called Monte de Trigo that is the hill or heape of wheate which is a verie good marke for such as desire to put into the Hauen of Bertioga From this Hauen to the Hauen called A Berra d'Esteuao da Costa that is the hauen of Steuen da Costa are fiue miles this is a good Hauen for great shippes it hath a very good Bay for shippes to lie in and if you will not put into it outwarde close by the land you haue an Island called A Ilha da Moela that is the Island of Chéese where you may anker From this Hauen Southwestward lieth an Island called A Ilha Queimada that is the burnt Island which is a flat Island all stonie but along by it it is faire ground like South southeastward From the Hauen lyeth a Cliffe which of many men is not knowne it lyeth aboue the water and is in the middle way betwéen the Island Dos Alcatrases and Ilha Queimada From thence to the Island called Canaueas that is the Island of Réedes are thrée miles you run North Northeast and South Southwest along by the coast Canaueia is an Island that hath a verie good Hauen and fresh water and lieth vnder 23. degrées and ½ on the south side it hath two Rockie Islands whereof the one is somewhat long and round and right ouer against it lyeth the riuer called Rio de Canauea where you may put in with small ships From Canauea to the Island called A Ilha de Santa Caterina are 48. miles and you run along the coast North South This is a long Island full of trées it lieth by the coast which reacheth North and South On the North side at the entry of the Hauen it hath two Islands and on the South side another Island called A Galle that is the Island of the Gally on the North side thereof you can not enter but onely with small Barkes and ships but on the South side it hath a very good entrie for great ships it hath much fresh water and great store of fish and wilde Deere This Island lyeth vnder 28. degrees and ½ From thence to the Hauen called O Porto de Don Rodrygo are fiue myles and fiue miles further forward lyeth the Hauen called dos Patos that is the Hauen of Géese by some called La Laguna that is the Lake This Hauen serueth for Barkes and small ships that traffique in those countries From thence to the riuer of Rio de Plata there is not one hauen where you may put in the coast reaching North Northeast and South Southweast Sayling from the aforesaid Island of S. Caterina to Rio de Plata you must holde your course southward to the height of 34. degrees â…” Then you must put to the land when you sée it which at the first sheweth like an Island called los Castillos then you shall run along the coast which will lie Southwestward Southwest and by West and west southwest from you and make not your account to sée the Cape de Sancta Maria for the land there is so flat that there you can not discerne any signe or token of a point but there you shall sée certaine riffes but you néed not feare any thing more then that you sée before your eies and if you chance not to sée any land running towardes it then cast out your Lead and there you shall find 10.14 and 18. fadome déepe therfore feare not for it is all one kind of ground and you are in a good way Being there as aforesaid then run as long as you can well discerne the land then you shall sée an Island called A Ilha dos Lobos that is the Island of Wolues for there you sée many wolues it is a flat Island all full of stones on the south side it hath an Island and on the east a Riffe but you néede not feare any other then that you sée before your eies This Island is distant from the Firme land about two miles and ½ towards the northwest from this Island of Wolues there lieth a small flat Island with a low wood close by the land which hath a good hauen to anker in if you haue any tempest out of the Southwest If you passe along by this Island on the East Southeast side then goe néere the point or hooke of the firme lande which is a lowe stony point and betwéene this point and the Island lyeth a sand which you shall presently sée by the water that breaketh vpon it and if you enter on the Northeast side you néede not feare any thing and to anker kéepe close by the Island for there you haue fresh water and great store of fish vpon the ground Béeing there you must bée carefull for there beginneth the first high Lande and from it about eight or ten myles further lyeth a sand that is verie dangerous and is about foure miles from the Firme Lande being two myles in length you must runne betwéene it and the Firme lande and when you sayle from the high land aforesaide for the space of a mile and a halfe or two myles you must kéepe harde by the shoare because of the sande aforesaide and from thence with your Leade in your hande with good watch and foresight and if it bee not seasonable weather to saile by night then your best way were to anker and to stay till it bee day the better to make your voiage And when you thinke you are past this sand then you shal sée a hill called O monte de Santo Seredâ—o which is a rounde high hill the like whereof is not in those countries to bee founde betwéene the which hill and the sandes aforesaid lyeth an Island called A Ilha das Flores that is the Island of Flowers which you may passe about without danger And when you come into the salt or fresh water which floweth fiue and twentie miles beneath the riuer called Rio de Buenos Aires that is the Riuer of good aire where the water is verie fresh then hold your course West and then you shal be eight or ten miles beneath the Riuer of good aire which is the best course you can holde but I aduise you still to haue your Lead in hand and when you are at thrée or foure fadome water then saile no further if it bée by night but in the day time you may sée whither you saile which must be in sight of land and so neere that you may easily discerne the trées holding two miles from the land for you can not passe by the Riuer of
good aire without séeing the houses that stand vpon the same The most part of the land of the Riuer of good aire is a thicke land like a downe about thrée miles along by the sea side as soone as you sée this lande then you must make right towards the houses yet somwhat more towards the south side where there is a place where the shippes anker but if you desire to runne on the North side then you shall take your course from the Island las Flores or from Santa Horodio about a mile and a halfe from the land at three and ½ or foure fadome to the Islands of Saint Gabriel which are thrée smal Islands but they haue no good Rode and if you chance to anker there goe not a shore but verie warily because the inhabitants haue warres with the Spaniards and Portingales all along the riuer but the best course is on the South side from the fresh water inwards The 63. Chapter How to saile from the Island La Gomera one of the Islands of Canaria to the Antillas or sore Islandes of the Spanish Indies and from thence to the coast of the Firme land to Cartagena and Nombre de Dios as also the course from thence to the Hauana and the channell thereof and so to the Flemiâ—h Islands and from thence to Spaiâ—ne with the scituation of the places SAyling from the Island La Gomera to the Island called La Desseada that is the Desired Island being one of the Islandes of the Spanish Indies then you must holde your course South for the space of a mealetide so to get out of the calme from thence you must runne West Southwest till you be vnder 20. or 22. degrées and beeing there you must runne West and West and by South till you come vnder fifteene degrées and 1 â— which is the height of the Island La Desseada If when you are there you haue a West winde then run Southwest as farre as you thinke good thereby to get againe vnder fifteene degrées and ½ running on the wether side West Northwest to bring all to one point whereby you shall find helpe from North and South East and West because you are close by the lande holding your course West and west and by north because the compasse windeth a strike into the Northwest with the which course you shall see the Island la Desseada This Island lieth East and West and sheweth like a Gallie with her tilt vp on the east side it is a low land in forme like a bore-sprit of a shippe or galley from the West side it is high land shewing like the sterne of a gally and on the South side it sheweth like halfe an Island the hinder part thereof being like a horse shoe The Island called Maâ—galante is a low and flat land and reacheth East West being full of trées on the East side beeing highest and on the South side hauing certaine white downes on the West side about halfe a mile from the Island it hath a blacke shining cliffe This Island lyeth full vnder fifteene degrees The Island la Dominica is a great Island and reacheth Northwest and southeast when you sée it first beeing on the outside therof it sheweth like 2. Islands by reason of a great opening it hath in the middle but when you are close by it then you perceiue it to be all one Island it is full of hils on the Southeast side a lowe land hauing a small or thin point of land with a houell vpon it on the North-west side it is thicke high Land hauing a Hill that seemeth to bee seperated and to stand alone by it selfe although it is not alone Vpon this hil there is a rock which sheweth like a clock house without the aforesaid thicke high Land there is a Rocke or cliffe which runneth off froÌ„ y e thick point This Island lyeth vnder 15. degrées ½ The Islands called Los Santos are four Islands which are not very high lying in Triangle Betweene these Islands and the Island La Dominica there runneth a good channell to passe through Sayling from the Island La Dominica to the Point of Coquibocoa lying from the Firme Lande you shall holde your course West and West and by South vntill you bee by the point and if you sée it not then runne southwestward towards it or Southward vntill you sée it This Point of Coquibocoa is a low Land running into Seaward and within the lande it hath a rowe of Hilles which are called the Oile Hils which stretch along by Veuansuela where they end which vpon the coast of the Firme land From this Point you runne along the coast to the Point called Cabo de Vela and betwéene these two Points there are two hauens wherof one is called Bahya Honda that is the deepe Bay This lieth on the East side and on both sides where the Sea beateth it hath downes The other Hauen lying on the West side within it hath a high Land or Hill which reacheth North and South In both these Hauens you may enter with Ships of two hundred tunnes All this coast to Cabo de la Vela is cleare and safe The point Cabo de la Vela is a high land like a suger loafe and about half a mile from it there is a cliffe which sheweth like a ship vnder saile and therefore this Point is called Cabo de la Vela that is the point of the saile This Cliffe lieth Northeast and Southwest with y e Point aforesaid it is said you may well passe betwéene it and the lande and if you depart from the saied Point to saile to the Cliffe and Point called Cabo de la aguia that is the Point of the Néedle then you shall runne West South-west by the which course you shall see it They are foure Cliffes together which shewe in forme like a Horse shooe and the Lande that is right against it is a high Land Beeing inward to the Lande some what higher which is called Las Sierras Neuadas that is the Snowe Hils when these hils are Southward from you then you are right against the foure cliffes And comming to the beginning of the foure Cliffes hauing past the Riuer De Palomina lying by the last Cliffe then you shall see the Cabo de La aguia This Cape is a still Lande descending downeward to the Sea side but not very high on the toppe hauing a Dale which sheweth like a saddle It hath likewise on the out side close by it thrée blacke shining Cliffes which the water dooth almost flowe ouer they lye with the Cape aforesaid North and South The saied Cape is bare sheweth blackish and shining All this coast reacheth almost East and West From Cabo de Sancta Marta forward you must runne along by the coast alwaies looking to your course because of the Billowes and streames that come from the Lande which oftentimes fal vpon you When you discouer the land of Charthagena you shall sée two Cliffes