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lens_fw-la 42_o of_o amber_n in_o vacuo_fw-la 43_o of_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o fire_n in_o vacuo_fw-la 46_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o smoke_n in_o vacuo_fw-la 48_o of_o sound_n in_o vacuo_fw-la 50_o of_o the_o magnet_n in_o vacuo_fw-la 53_o of_o hollow_a cane_n in_o vacuo_fw-la ib._n of_o the_o boil_a of_o water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la 57_o of_o snow_n in_o vacuo_fw-la 58_o of_o the_o dissolution_n of_o pearl_n and_o coral_n in_o vacuo_fw-la 59_o of_o several_a animal_n include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la 61_o etc._n etc._n of_o bladder_n of_o small_a fish_n in_o vacuo_fw-la 66_o experiment_n of_o artificial_a freeze_v 69_o of_o the_o dilatation_n of_o water_n in_o freeze_a 71_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o force_n of_o rarifaction_n in_o freeze_a water_n 77_o to_o measure_n the_o utmost_a expansion_n in_o freeze_a water_n 79_o of_o the_o procedure_n of_o artificial_a freezing_n 77_o table_n of_o several_a fluids_n freeze_a 83_o etc._n etc._n experiment_n of_o natural_a freeze_v 95_o of_o 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bulk_n consider_v it_o grow_v light_a whether_o it_o be_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o small_a and_o insensible_a vacuity_n or_o interspersion_n of_o minute_n particle_n of_o air_n or_o the_o like_a matter_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o little_a blebs_fw-la in_o crystal_n and_o glass_n for_o such_o they_o appear_v to_o the_o eye_n through_o the_o body_n of_o the_o ice_n when_o hold_v up_o against_o the_o light_n in_o some_o place_n thick_a in_o other_o few_o and_o if_o the_o ice_n be_v break_v into_o small_a piece_n under_o water_n they_o rise_v up_o through_o the_o water_n in_o great_a number_n the_o first_o experiment_n 1._o take_v a_o vessel_n of_o thin_a silver_n plate_n with_o two_o cover_v to_o screw_v on_o such_o as_o we_o use_v to_o cool_v our_o sherbet_n and_o other_o drink_n in_o summer_n we_o fill_v it_o with_o fair_a water_n cool_v
between_o the_o cilind_a and_o barrel_n and_o by_o try_v with_o a_o pierce_a we_o find_v it_o solid_a ice_n for_o all_o this_o we_o be_v not_o certain_a the_o water_n be_v all_o freeze_a nor_o can_v we_o be_v easy_o satisfy_v because_o of_o the_o opacous_a tube_n and_o it_o be_v possible_a some_o water_n may_v get_v out_o at_o the_o screw_n of_o the_o touchhole_n and_o so_o part_v of_o the_o tube_n between_o the_o cilind_a of_o ice_n and_o box_n remain_v empty_a or_o in_o fine_a the_o water_n when_o at_o perfect_a liberty_n may_v rarefie_v in_o a_o great_a proportion_n than_o it_o can_v do_v when_o under_o the_o constraint_n of_o a_o close_a vessel_n as_o it_o be_v here_o for_o the_o box_n be_v so_o fit_v to_o the_o barrel_n and_o by_o imbibe_v the_o water_n notwithstanding_o the_o oil_n so_o swell_v that_o after_o the_o ice_n be_v thaw_v and_o the_o water_n pour_v out_o at_o the_o touchhole_n we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o pull_v it_o out_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o pincer_n or_o a_o vice_n so_o that_o we_o be_v force_v to_o burn_v it_o out_o the_o three_o experiment_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o many_o difficulty_n we_o encounter_v in_o endeavour_v to_o gain_v these_o proportion_n by_o the_o height_n of_o the_o cilinder_n upon_o the_o same_o basis_n and_o a_o metalline_a tube_n we_o betake_v ourselves_o to_o the_o other_o experiment_n of_o weight_n this_o we_o try_v with_o a_o transparent_a glass_n cane_n and_o weigh_v the_o water_n put_v therein_o to_o freeze_v and_o afterward_o as_o much_o ice_n as_o fill_v that_o same_o space_n in_o the_o cane_n in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n that_o turn_v with_o the_o 1_o 48_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o the_o proportion_n be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o 25_o to_o 28_o 1_o 19_o little_o less_o than_o that_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o experiment_n of_o measure_n which_o be_v as_o 8_o to_o 9_o the_o same_o as_o 25_o to_o 28_o â…›_n find_v so_o great_a a_o agreement_n in_o the_o proportion_n not_o to_o flatter_v ourselves_o with_o this_o success_n we_o repeat_v the_o first_o experiment_n with_o the_o same_o cane_n and_o find_v it_o as_o at_o first_o as_o 8_o to_z 9_o and_o we_o be_v satisfy_v that_o the_o weight_n be_v not_o alter_v for_o keep_v the_o glass_n cane_n close_o shut_v the_o whole_a time_n of_o the_o freeze_a and_o till_o it_o thaw_v again_o our_o balance_n show_v it_o to_o be_v of_o the_o very_a same_o weight_n as_o at_o first_o experiment_n touch_v the_o procedure_n of_o artificial_a freezing_n with_o their_o wonderful_a accident_n the_o first_o vessel_n we_o make_v use_v of_o in_o these_o experiment_n be_v a_o bolt-head_n of_o glass_n ½_o about_o 2_o 8_o 10_o inch_n diameter_n with_o a_o neck_n about_o 34_o inch_n long_o slender_a and_o divide_v into_o minute_n degree_n into_o this_o we_o pour_v fair_a water_n to_o a_o six_o part_n of_o the_o neck_n 1._o then_o set_v the_o bolt-head_n or_o ball_n in_o the_o freeze_a mixture_n as_o we_o use_v to_o do_v to_o freeze_v liquor_n we_o attentive_o observe_v the_o motion_n thereof_o by_o view_v its_o superficies_n we_o know_v before_o as_o indeed_o few_o be_v ignorant_a of_o that_o from_o the_o first_o application_n of_o cold_a it_o contract_v all_o liquor_n lessen_v their_o bulk_n and_o this_o we_o find_v true_a not_o only_o in_o the_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la of_o the_o thermometer_n but_o also_o we_o have_v often_o make_v the_o experiment_n with_o fair_a water_n oil_n mercury_n and_o many_o other_o fluid_n on_o the_o other_o side_n we_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o water_n pass_v from_o a_o simple_a coldness_n to_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n and_o receive_v consistency_n and_o firmness_n by_o glaciation_n do_v not_o only_o return_v to_o its_o first_o bulk_n but_o so_o far_o exceed_v it_o as_o to_o burst_v vessel_n of_o glass_n and_o metal_n with_o great_a violence_n but_o we_o be_v yet_o ignorant_a what_o period_n these_o several_a alteration_n produce_v by_o cold_a observe_v neither_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o we_o to_o attain_v it_o in_o opake_v vessel_n as_o those_o of_o silver_n brass_n and_o gold_n be_v hitherto_o make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o freezing_n wherefore_o not_o to_o fail_v in_o this_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o very_a life_n of_o all_o these_o experiment_n we_o have_v recourse_n to_o vessel_n of_o crystal_n and_o glass_n hope_v by_o the_o transparency_n of_o the_o material_n to_o be_v satisfy_v in_o the_o procedure_n of_o the_o experiment_n since_o upon_o every_o motion_n of_o the_o level_n in_o the_o neck_n we_o may_v take_v the_o vessel_n out_o of_o the_o mixture_n and_o mark_v the_o correspondent_a alteration_n therein_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v we_o find_v great_a trouble_n than_o at_o first_o we_o imagine_v to_o gain_v any_o certainty_n as_o to_o the_o period_n of_o these_o accident_n but_o to_o relate_v the_o success_n more_o distinct_o you_o must_v know_v that_o upon_o the_o first_o immersion_n of_o the_o ball_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o touch_v the_o freeze_a mixture_n we_o observe_v in_o the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n a_o little_a rise_n but_o very_o quick_a which_o soon_o subside_v it_o fall_v in_o the_o neck_n with_o a_o motion_n regular_a enough_o and_o a_o moderate_a velocity_n retire_v to_o the_o ball_n till_o arrive_v at_o a_o certain_a degree_n it_o stop_v for_o some_o time_n as_o far_o as_o our_o eye_n can_v judge_v immovable_a then_o by_o little_a and_o little_a it_o emount_v but_o with_o a_o very_a slow_a motion_n and_o apparent_o equal_a and_o then_o of_o a_o sudden_a without_o any_o proportionate_a acceleration_n it_o fly_v up_o with_o a_o furious_a spring_n at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o follow_v it_o any_o long_o with_o the_o eye_n instantaneous_o run_v through_o the_o decade_n of_o degree_n and_o as_o this_o fury_n begin_v of_o a_o sudden_a so_o of_o a_o sudden_a it_o cease_v change_v from_o that_o great_a swiftness_n to_o a_o movement_n though_o very_o fast_o yet_o incomparable_o less_o swift_a than_o the_o precedent_n and_o with_o this_o it_o continue_v to_o rise_v most_o common_o till_o it_o run_v over_o the_o top_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o all_o the_o while_n these_o thing_n happen_v be_v observe_v several_a little_a corpuscle_n of_o air_n or_o some_o other_o more_o subtle_a body_n to_o arise_v and_o pass_v through_o the_o water_n sometime_o in_o a_o great_a sometime_o in_o a_o less_o proportion_n this_o separation_n be_v not_o visible_a till_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o receive_v a_o intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a as_o if_o the_o force_n of_o the_o cold_a have_v the_o faculty_n of_o secrete_v such_o a_o matter_n from_o the_o water_n after_o this_o we_o be_v willing_a to_o see_v if_o these_o alteration_n keep_v any_o kind_n of_o equality_n or_o proportion_n with_o each_o other_o wherefore_o we_o repeat_v the_o freezing_n scarce_o one_o ice_n be_v dissolve_v but_o we_o set_v it_o again_o to_o freeze_v but_o the_o water_n always_o freeze_v with_o the_o same_o series_n of_o change_n yet_o because_o they_o do_v not_o still_o every_o time_n rise_v to_o the_o same_o mark_n or_o degree_n in_o the_o neck_n we_o begin_v to_o imagine_v there_o be_v no_o fix_a period_n for_o which_o it_o seem_v we_o have_v some_o reason_n at_o last_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o often_o repeat_v these_o experiment_n we_o by_o chance_n let_v the_o water_n in_o the_o bolt-head_n freeze_v in_o the_o neck_n first_o of_o which_o we_o speak_v in_o the_o four_o experiment_n of_o freeze_a 2._o and_o so_o break_v our_o vessel_n whereupon_o we_o be_v force_v to_o make_v another_o this_o we_o blow_v less_o than_o the_o former_a that_o the_o cold_a might_n soon_o insinuate_v itself_o through_o all_o the_o water_n we_o also_o make_v the_o neck_n long_o to_o the_o height_n of_o 45_o â—_o 10_o inch_n brac._n that_o it_o shall_v not_o run_v over_o this_o we_o fill_v to_o 160_o deg_n and_o set_v it_o to_o freeze_v in_o ice_n very_o diligent_o hee_v it_o we_o find_v at_o first_o that_o all_o the_o accident_n of_o subside_v rise_a rest_a remount_v swift_o run_v up_o and_o stop_v again_o be_v the_o very_a same_o i._n e._n happen_v always_o when_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n be_v at_o the_o same_o mark_n or_o degree_n in_o the_o neck_n for_o upon_o put_v it_o in_o the_o ice_n we_o observe_v it_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o same_o degree_n as_o in_o the_o former_a trial_n that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o the_o same_o temperament_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a take_v the_o whole_a instrument_n for_o a_o nice_a thermometer_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v satisfy_v so_o far_o we_o proceed_v to_o find_v the_o exact_a time_n of_o freeze_a and_o to_o obtain_v this_o we_o take_v the_o ball_n out_o
three_o time_n exact_o at_o the_o same_o degree_n cause_v by_o the_o different_a temperament_n it_o have_v at_o one_o time_n from_o what_o it_o have_v at_o another_o from_o the_o external_n accident_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a whence_o likewise_o all_o the_o other_o alteration_n happen_v to_o the_o water_n do_v not_o precise_o keep_v their_o degree_n nevertheless_o by_o reduce_v in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o experiment_n the_o state_n natural_a to_o 142_o deg_n and_o also_o substract_v in_o the_o like_a proportion_n from_o all_o the_o other_o height_n you_o will_v find_v that_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o degree_n note_v in_o the_o first_o table_n very_o inconsiderable_o the_o first_o freeze_a of_o myrtle_n flower_n water_n draw_v off_o in_o a_o cold_a still_o mortella_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 145_o ½_o  _fw-fr 141_o ½_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 147_o 1_o ½_o 133_o 8_o ½_o 31_o 31_o abatement_n 109_o 38_o 49_o ½_o 83_o ½_o 347_o 316_o rest_n 109_o  _fw-fr 45_o 4_o ½_o 387_o 40_o remount_v 125_o 16_o 25_o ½_o 19_o ½_o 925_o 538_o spring_n upon_o glaciat_fw-la 230_o 105_o 25_o ½_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o second_a freeze_a of_o the_o same_o water_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 146_o  _fw-fr 142_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 149_o ½_o 3_o ½_o 131_o 11_o 18_o 18_o abatement_n 108_o 41_o ½_o 35_o 96_o 460_o 442_o rest_n 108_o  _fw-fr 32_o ½_o 2_o ½_o 518_o 58_o remount_v 126_o ½_o 18_o ½_o 19_o ½_o 13_o ½_o 1327_o 809_o spring_n upon_o glaciat_fw-la 232_o 106_o 19_o ½_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr in_o the_o follow_a experiment_n of_o freeze_a we_o change_v our_o pendulum_n take_v one_o 60_o of_o who_o vibration_n make_v a_o exact_a minute_n the_o first_o freeze_a of_o simple_a rose-water_n still_v in_o a_o cold_a still_o rosa_fw-la  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 140_o ½_o  _fw-fr 142_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 143_o 2_o ½_o 138_o 4_o 20_o 20_o abatement_n 116_o 27_o 50_o 88_o 351_o 331_o rest_n 116_o  _fw-fr 46_o 4_o 389_o 38_o remount_v 127_o 11_o ½_o 26_o 20_o 745_o 356_o spring_n upon_o glaciat_fw-la 194_o 67_o 26_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o second_a freeze_a of_o the_o same_o water_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 140_o ½_o  _fw-fr 141_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 142_o ½_o 1_o 125_o 16_o 21_o 21_o abatement_n 115_o ½_o 27_o 39_o 86_o 354_o 333_o rest_n 115_o ½_o  _fw-fr 29_o ½_o 9_o ½_o 522_o 168_o remount_v 127_o 11_o ½_o 18_o ½_o 11_o 1257_o 735_o spring_n upon_o glaciat_fw-la 194_o 67_o 18_o ½_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o first_o freeze_a of_o orange-flower_n water_n draw_v off_o in_o a_o cold_a still_o aranci_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 137_o  _fw-fr 142_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 139_o 2_o 130_o 12_o â—â—_o 14_o abatement_n 111_o 28_o 46_o ½_o 83_o ½_o 311_o 297_o rest_n 111_o  _fw-fr 44_o ½_o 2_o 375_o 64_o remount_v 127_o 16_o 20_o ½_o 24_o 880_o 505_o spring_n upon_o glaciat_fw-la 250_o 123_o 20_o ½_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr in_o all_o the_o table_n of_o the_o second_o freezing_n of_o the_o abovenamed_a liquor_n many_o be_v observe_v how_o much_o long_a time_n be_v requisite_a to_o freeze_v it_o the_o second_o time_n than_o the_o first_o which_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o be_v willing_a to_o discover_v whether_o it_o arise_v from_o any_o intrinsic_a cause_n in_o the_o liquor_n after_o their_o suffering_n the_o first_o freeze_v or_o from_o a_o external_n cause_n in_o the_o ice_n being_n less_o cold_a after_o it_o have_v suffer_v the_o first_o incorporate_n with_o the_o salt_n and_o for_o this_o intent_n we_o empty_v the_o case_n and_o put_v in_o fresh_a ice_n and_o salt_n we_o make_v trial_n of_o the_o second_o freeze_a of_o the_o same_o water_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 137_o ½_o  _fw-fr 142_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 140_o 2_o ½_o 120_o 22_o 29_o 29_o abatement_n 111_o ½_o 28_o ½_o 46_o 74_o 366_o 337_o rest_n 111_o ½_o  _fw-fr 44_o 2_o 384_o 18_o remount_v 127_o 15_o ½_o 31_o ½_o 12_o ½_o 907_o 523_o spring_n upon_o glaciat_fw-la 248_o 121_o 3â—_n ½_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr so_n that_o the_o disserence_n in_o time_n between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o freezing_n must_v not_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o liquor_n but_o to_o the_o ice_n which_o be_v much_o dissolve_v and_o weaken_a its_o freeze_a power_n arise_v from_o the_o salt_n require_v a_o long_a time_n to_o perform_v its_o operation_n and_o indeed_o the_o whole_a difference_n between_o the_o two_o freezing_n of_o the_o orange_n flower_n water_n amount_v but_o to_o a_o minute_n and_o 46_o second_o whereas_o when_o the_o mixture_n be_v not_o change_v it_o arise_v to_o 7_o minute_n 29_o second_o nay_o to_o 13_o minute_n 20_o second_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o compare_v of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o freezing_n of_o the_o rose-water_n and_o the_o first_o and_o three_o freezing_n of_o the_o spring_n water_n and_o that_o the_o small_a difference_n of_o 1_o minute_n 46_o second_o observe_v in_o the_o second_o freeze_a of_o orange-flower_n water_n be_v mere_o accidental_a and_o not_o from_o any_o resistance_n acquire_v by_o the_o water_n in_o be_v once_o before_o freeze_v be_v evident_a from_o the_o seeond_a table_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o strawberry-water_n follow_v where_o the_o ice_n be_v change_v the_o second_o freeze_v happen_v in_o 3_o minute_n 15_o second_o less_o time_n than_o the_o first_o the_o first_o freeze_a straw-berry_n water_n still_v in_o balneo_fw-la fravole_fw-it  _fw-fr deg_n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 137_o  _fw-fr 143_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 139_o 2_o 120_o 23_o 30_o 30_o abatement_n 111_o 28_o 37_o 83_o 437_o 450_o rest_n 111_o  _fw-fr 36_o 1_o 450_o 15_o remount_v 126_o 15_o 18_o ½_o 17_o ½_o 988_o 538_o spring_n upon_o glaciat_fw-la 215_o 89_o 18_o 2_o â—_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o second_a freeze_a of_o the_o same_o water_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 139_o  _fw-fr 143_o ½_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 141_o 2_o 134_o ½_o 9_o 18_o 18_o abatement_n 114_o 27_o 42_o 92_o 1_o 9_o 420_o 402_o rest_n 114_o  _fw-fr 41_o 1_o 427_o 7_o remount_v 129_o 15_o 21_o 20_o 873_o 446_o spring_n upon_o glaciat_fw-la 215_o 86_o 21_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr note_n that_o the_o spring_n upon_o glaciation_n be_v more_o or_o less_o high_a as_o likewise_o more_o or_o less_o swift_a in_o different_a fluid_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v high_a and_o swift_a in_o those_o that_o freeze_v strong_a the_o freeze_a of_o still_v cinnamon_n water_n cannella_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 139_o ½_o  _fw-fr 141_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 141_o 1_o ½_o 133_o ½_o 7_o ½_o 13_o 13_o abatement_n 111_o ½_o 29_o ½_o 45_o 88_o ½_o 360_o 347_o rest_n 111_o ½_o  _fw-fr 39_o 6_o 420_o 60_o remount_v 120_o ½_o 9_o 27_o 12_o 720_o 300_o the_o water_n rise_v with_o a_o very_a slow_a motion_n from_o the_o state_n of_o rest_n to_o 120_o deg_n ½_o instead_o of_o spring_v up_o as_o it_o then_o use_v to_o do_v it_o only_o mount_v with_o a_o quick_a pace_n which_o perceive_v we_o immediate_o take_v the_o vessel_n out_o of_o the_o mixture_n and_o find_v the_o water_n shoot_v into_o a_o very_a tender_a ice_n which_o melt_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o air._n and_o note_v that_o of_o these_o artificial_a freezing_n some_o be_v more_o weak_a and_o tender_a as_o the_o ice_n of_o cinnamon_n water_n and_o that_o of_o rose-water_n other_o more_o firm_a and_o hard_o as_o that_o of_o orange_n and_o mirtle-flower-water_n than_o which_o we_o find_v no_o liquor_n so_o harden_v at_o the_o first_o instantaneous_a freeze_a we_o have_v omit_v the_o repetition_n of_o this_o and_o the_o follow_a freezing_n since_o their_o agreement_n may_v be_v sufficient_o see_v in_o the_o example_n give_v of_o each_o liquor_n the_o freeze_a of_o snow_n water_n strutta_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 136_o ½_o  _fw-fr 141_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 139_o 2_o ½_o 132_o 9_o
thick_a and_o broad_a at_o one_o end_n and_o more_o acute_a at_o the_o other_o like_o little_a dagger_n from_o the_o side_n of_o these_o shoot_v out_o other_o small_a thread_n close_o together_o like_a feather_n or_o palm_n branch_n these_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o warp_a and_o with_o a_o confuse_a and_o disorderly_o fill_v up_o they_o proceed_v shoot_v and_o increase_v till_o the_o woof_n close_v all_o with_o a_o total_a freeze_a of_o the_o water_n the_o superficies_n whereof_o may_v be_v perceive_v to_o be_v all_o raze_v and_o full_a of_o strait_a line_n like_o crystal_n scratch_v with_o a_o fine_a graver_n at_o first_o the_o superficies_n of_o all_o these_o ice_n appear_v plain_a but_o when_o the_o freeze_a be_v thorough_o finish_v and_o all_o the_o water_n congeal_v it_o at_o last_o become_v raise_v in_o hillock_n but_o without_o any_o regular_a figure_n this_o effect_v make_v some_o call_n to_o mind_n what_o be_v register_v in_o our_o first_o experiment_n of_o artificial_a freeze_a where_o the_o innermost_a cover_n of_o the_o silver_n vessel_n be_v find_v crack_v and_o all_o coated_a over_o with_o a_o thin_a ice_n make_v of_o the_o water_n that_o get_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n at_o the_o crack_n in_o the_o instant_n of_o freeze_a thereupon_o they_o say_v that_o the_o first_o crust_n of_o ice_n which_o spread_v itself_o over_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o shut_v it_o close_o than_o any_o cover_n can_v by_o stick_v fast_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n do_v not_o leave_v space_n enough_o for_o the_o water_n under_o it_o to_o rarify_v in_o as_o it_o freeze_v but_o it_o be_v force_v to_o seek_v room_n where_o it_o can_v and_o find_v the_o cake_n of_o ice_n weak_a than_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n it_o make_v its_o way_n there_o and_o heap_n itself_o up_o more_o in_o one_o place_n than_o another_o according_a to_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o plain_n in_o which_o it_o break_v when_o the_o first_o cake_n split_v which_o afterward_o likewise_o freeze_a form_n that_o little_o swell_v mention_v this_o happen_v sometime_o to_o break_v the_o vessel_n which_o as_o they_o think_v be_v most_o probable_o cause_v by_o the_o slowness_n of_o the_o water_n freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n whereby_o the_o cake_n of_o ice_n at_o the_o top_n become_v so_o hard_a that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o break_v the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n than_o the_o icey_n cover_v but_o no_o certain_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v concern_v these_o matter_n since_o there_o may_v be_v many_o case_n wherein_o either_o the_o vessel_n be_v only_o burst_v or_o the_o cover_v only_o or_o first_o one_o than_o the_o other_o or_o both_o at_o the_o same_o time_n according_a as_o the_o external_n accident_n of_o the_o air_n vary_v as_o to_o cold_a calmness_n or_o wind_n and_o from_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o vessel_n resistance_n or_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o liquor_n themselves_o before_o we_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o discourse_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o relate_v a_o trifle_a accident_n observe_v this_o year_n which_o though_o of_o small_a moment_n may_v nevertheless_o be_v some_o help_n to_o the_o former_a opinion_n a_o cup_n of_o water_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o the_o evening_n we_o find_v in_o the_o morning_n all_o the_o water_n freeze_v and_o in_o the_o high_a part_n of_o its_o superficies_n it_o have_v a_o point_n of_o ice_n a_o finger_n high_a like_o a_o small_a sharp_a splinter_n of_o rock_n crystal_n this_o in_o all_o likelihood_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o water_n issue_v out_o at_o a_o crack_n in_o the_o first_o incrustation_n be_v force_v by_o the_o freeze_a underneath_o which_o violent_o rise_v in_o a_o small_a stream_n and_o predispose_v to_o frieze_n by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v congeal_v to_o a_o hard_a ice_n in_o that_o very_a instant_n not_o have_v time_n to_o fall_v the_o second_o experiment_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la we_o have_v likewise_o try_v to_o frieze_n water_n in_o a_o vacuum_n make_v with_o mercury_n and_o that_o we_o may_v compare_v it_o with_o that_o make_v in_o the_o air_n we_o put_v water_n in_o a_o vessel_n like_o that_o include_v in_o the_o vacuum_n therefore_o expose_v they_o all_o night_n we_o find_v in_o the_o morning_n both_o freeze_v yet_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o the_o ice_n make_v in_o vacuo_fw-la seem_v more_o equal_a and_o hard_a and_o less_o transparent_a and_o porous_a than_o the_o other_o and_o upon_o examination_n be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la the_o way_n we_o take_v to_o discover_v this_o be_v by_o turn_v a_o piece_n of_o each_o ice_n like_o a_o cilind_a and_o of_o the_o same_o bulk_n as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v and_o put_v they_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n upon_o which_o gentle_o pour_v some_o red_a wine_n we_o see_v the_o ice_n make_v in_o the_o air_n rise_v up_o before_o that_o make_v in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o when_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n it_o swim_v about_o light_a and_o quick_a because_o the_o fluid_a cover_v less_o of_o it_o than_o of_o the_o other_o the_o three_o experiment_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o still_v water_n have_v set_v common_a still_v water_n in_o several_a vial_n to_o freeze_v we_o find_v the_o ice_n more_o limpid_a and_o transparent_a than_o usual_o the_o water_n be_v only_o in_o the_o midst_n there_o be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o small_a nut_n of_o a_o more_o opaque_fw-la ice_n and_o white_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o round_o about_o it_o divers_a spiculae_fw-la of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o ice_n in_o fine_a to_o give_v a_o true_a picture_n of_o it_o in_o each_o vial_n it_o be_v like_o the_o burr_n or_o husk_n of_o a_o chestnut_n freeze_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o rock-cristal_n as_o we_o see_v fly_n worm_n or_o butter-flys_a entomb_v in_o amber_n or_o like_o little_a bit_n of_o straw_n herb_n etc._n etc._n in_o crystal_n itself_o the_o four_o experiment_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o sea_n water_n to_o see_v the_o freeze_a of_o sea_n water_n we_o expose_v one_o evening_n to_o the_o air_n when_o a_o thermometer_n of_o 50_o deg_n stand_v at_o 9_o °_o two_o glass_n full_a of_o it_o to_o freeze_v in_o a_o hour_n we_o find_v the_o shallow_a begin_v to_o freeze_v but_o in_o a_o manner_n somewhat_o different_a from_o common_a water_n for_o it_o show_v like_o a_o great_a many_o small_a scale_n of_o talk_n break_v to_o piece_n and_o put_v in_o water_n these_o take_v away_o the_o trasparency_n of_o the_o water_n and_o give_v it_o the_o consistence_n of_o sherbet_n which_o be_v drink_v freeze_v in_o the_o summer_n when_o the_o external_o apply_v snow_n grow_v more_o languid_a it_o begin_v to_o dissolve_v in_o a_o while_n look_v upon_o it_o again_o we_o observe_v it_o a_o little_o firm_a as_o the_o multiply_v of_o the_o scale_n lessen_v the_o fluidity_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o morning_n it_o be_v yet_o hard_a though_o it_o come_v nothing_o near_o the_o hardness_n of_o common_a ice_n for_o upon_o any_o little_a agitation_n it_o turn_v to_o water_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o scale_n be_v narrow_a and_o longish_n and_o between_o they_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n fluid_n moreover_o the_o mass_n stick_v no_o where_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n but_o turn_v free_o about_o in_o it_o the_o superficies_n be_v altogether_o plain_a without_o any_o prominence_n or_o rise_n and_o the_o difference_n consist_v whole_o in_o a_o more_o loose_a and_o thin_a order_n and_o texture_n then_o that_o of_o ordinary_a ice_n the_o five_o experiment_n of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o sal-armoniac_a nitre_n etc._n etc._n in_o freeze_a it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o ice_n be_v most_o efficacious_o cold_a when_o sprinkle_v over_o with_o salt_n as_o to_o this_o we_o have_v observe_v that_o sal-armoniac_a invigorate_n it_o more_o than_o any_o other_o for_o we_o have_v experiment_v it_o upon_o the_o same_o water_n of_o the_o same_o temperament_n and_o in_o like_a vessel_n of_o the_o same_o figure_n capacity_n and_o thinness_n equal_o encompass_v with_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o beat_a ice_n and_o the_o one_o be_v sprinkle_v with_o sal-armoniac_a the_o other_o with_o the_o same_o proportion_n of_o nitre_n they_o be_v not_o freeze_v in_o the_o same_o space_n of_o time_n for_o a_o thermometer_n of_o 100_o deg_n be_v when_o it_o stand_v at_o 20_o deg_n immersed_a in_o water_n set_v to_o freeze_v with_o nitre_n subside_v but_o to_o 7_o ½_o deg_n when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o like_a thermometer_n put_v in_o water_n encompass_v with_o the_o mixture_n of_o sal-armoniac_a fall_v down_o to_o 5_o deg_n and_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o be_v skin_v over_o we_o have_v already_o say_v upon_o another_o account_n that_o not_o only_a salt_n but_o strong-water_n
with_o ice_n and_o then_o set_v it_o to_o freeze_v it_o be_v cool_v first_o lest_o if_o it_o have_v be_v put_v into_o the_o vessel_n at_o all_o rarefy_a by_o heat_n upon_o the_o first_o refrigerate_v it_o shall_v contract_v and_o by_o that_o mean_n gain_v room_n to_o dilate_v in_o afterward_o in_o freeze_a when_o it_o be_v think_v the_o ice_n outward_o apply_v have_v do_v its_o work_n we_o take_v the_o vessel_n out_o and_o open_v the_o first_o cover_n which_o be_v concave_a we_o find_v the_o second_o cover_v crack_v and_o cover_v over_o with_o a_o thin_a cake_n of_o ice_n cause_v by_o the_o water_n force_v thither_o by_o the_o rarefy_v of_o that_o within_o the_o vessel_n as_o it_o freeze_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v think_v that_o this_o crack_n be_v cause_v rather_o by_o condensation_n of_o the_o water_n in_o freeze_a which_o be_v constrain_v by_o the_o violent_a force_n of_o the_o cold_a to_o withdraw_v itself_o into_o a_o less_o space_n for_o the_o avoid_v a_o vacuum_n gradual_o draw_v down_o the_o cover_n as_o it_o retire_v till_o at_o last_o unable_a to_o stretch_v any_o far_a it_o crack_v i_o say_v this_o be_v improbable_a for_o if_o so_o we_o shall_v have_v find_v the_o cover_v bend_v inward_o whereas_o it_o be_v force_v outward_o and_o considerable_o raise_v from_o the_o flatness_n it_o have_v before_o as_o be_v also_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ice_n in_o the_o vessel_n moreover_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o crack_v turn_v outward_o whence_o we_o gather_v how_o great_a the_o impetus_fw-la must_v necessary_o be_v that_o cause_v it_o and_o will_v have_v be_v much_o more_o considerable_a if_o a_o large_a proportion_n of_o water_n have_v be_v congeal_v whereas_o break_v the_o first_o cake_n we_o find_v almost_o all_o the_o water_n fluid_n tab._n 12._o p._n 72._o the_o second_o experiment_n 2._o find_v that_o the_o force_n of_o freeze_a far_o surpass_v the_o resistance_n of_o this_o our_o first_o instrument_n we_o think_v of_o make_v a_o ball_n of_o cast_n silver_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o crown_n piece_n piastra_n and_o of_o a_o oval_a figure_n to_o open_v in_o the_o middle_n with_o a_o screw_n and_o with_o a_o top_n screw_v on_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o neck_n as_o in_o the_o figure_n then_o shut_v this_o vessel_n and_o screw_v fast_o the_o middle_a screw_n with_o a_o vice_n we_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n at_o the_o neck_n and_o screw_v on_o the_o little_a cover_n and_o set_v it_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n and_o ice_n to_o frieze_n and_o in_o a_o little_a while_n take_v it_o out_o we_o find_v it_o perfect_o sound_a and_o whole_a open_v it_o in_o the_o middle_n we_o take_v out_o a_o shell_n of_o ice_n but_o it_o be_v very_o tender_a and_o less_o transparent_a than_o usual_a and_o perchance_o more_o dense_a and_o close_a for_o be_v put_v in_o water_n it_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o buoy_v up_o so_o well_o but_o rather_o as_o all_o thought_n dive_v towards_o the_o bottom_n in_o the_o midst_n be_v a_o cavity_n as_o big_a as_o a_o large_a almond_n without_o the_o shell_n this_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v after_o by_o we_o with_o the_o same_o success_n the_o three_o experiment_n there_o be_v some_o that_o wonder_v at_o this_o unexpected_a accident_n seem_v at_o first_o view_n to_o contradict_v not_o only_o the_o opinion_n of_o galileo_n but_o what_o be_v more_o to_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o itself_o see_v though_o this_o ice_n appear_v condense_v and_o heavy_a in_o respect_n of_o that_o make_v by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o air_n without_o any_o art_n yet_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v light_a than_o water_n because_o it_o in_o some_o measure_n still_o swim_v thereon_o and_o so_o much_o the_o less_o can_v they_o satisfy_v themselves_o as_o they_o see_v the_o vacuity_n always_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o water_n congeal_v whence_o it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o conclude_v that_o the_o water_n which_o fluid_a suffice_v to_o fill_v the_o ball_n be_v freeze_v withdraw_v itself_o into_o so_o much_o a_o less_o space_n as_o the_o aforementioned_a vacuity_n from_o so_o manifest_a a_o inconvenience_n they_o be_v inclinable_a to_o think_v there_o must_v be_v some_o fallacy_n and_o therefore_o set_v themselves_o to_o observe_v very_o nice_o the_o whole_a progress_n of_o the_o experiment_n so_o take_v the_o vessel_n very_o often_o out_o of_o the_o freeze_a mixture_n and_o careful_o view_v it_o on_o all_o side_n they_o perceive_v a_o almost_o insensible_a boil_a and_o bubble_v out_o at_o the_o middle_a screw_n from_o time_n to_o time_n a_o manifest_a sign_n that_o the_o water_n so_o great_a be_v the_o force_n of_o its_o rarefaction_n creep_v through_o the_o spiral_n passage_n of_o the_o screw_n upon_o this_o the_o screw_n be_v wax_v and_o the_o ball_n again_o fill_v it_o be_v set_v in_o the_o ice_n and_o salt_n to_o freeze_v and_o though_o it_o be_v many_o time_n take_v out_o there_o be_v never_o observe_v any_o bubble_a or_o any_o hiss_v hear_v as_o before_o but_o after_o the_o freeze_a be_v do_v upon_o take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o mixture_n the_o vessel_n be_v open_a on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o middle_a screw_n the_o rarefy_v power_n of_o freeze_a being_n great_a enough_o to_o force_v the_o screw_n the_o experiment_n be_v often_o repeat_v have_v still_o the_o same_o effect_n and_o be_v again_o try_v in_o a_o ball_n of_o brass_n with_o a_o screw_n of_o twice_o as_o many_o thread_n as_o the_o silver_n one_o have_v it_o still_o show_v the_o same_o trick_n the_o four_o experiment_n 6._o to_o avoid_v this_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o screw_n we_o get_v some_o ball_n make_v of_o glass_n half_a a_o finger_n thick_a and_o fill_v they_o with_o water_n set_v they_o to_o freeze_v be_v first_o seal_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n the_o effect_n be_v exact_o the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o the_o first_o vessel_n make_v of_o plate_n for_o they_o all_o be_v diverse_o break_v and_o split_v some_o have_v their_o neck_n quite_o throw_v off_o other_o through_o the_o unequal_a thickness_n of_o the_o glass_n or_o irregularity_n of_o their_o figure_n 6._o be_v burst_v on_o one_o side_n other_o be_v tab._n 13._o p._n 75._o crack_v all_o over_o and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o neck_n be_v general_o break_v off_o when_o the_o whole_a ball_n be_v cover_v in_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n so_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n be_v of_o the_o least_o bulk_n it_o be_v first_o freeze_v solid_a there_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v stop_v and_o force_v the_o ball_n for_o in_o the_o procedure_n of_o the_o freeze_a the_o remain_a water_n endeavour_v every_o way_n and_o either_o find_v the_o neck_n the_o weak_a part_n or_o the_o ice_n therein_o be_v as_o a_o cone_n or_o wedge_n to_o split_v it_o it_o still_o most_o easy_o break_v through_o there_o which_o never_o happen_v when_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o ball_n be_v leave_v uncover_v with_o the_o freeze_a mixture_n how_o great_a the_o force_n of_o this_o rarefaction_n be_v may_v be_v gather_v from_o this_o that_o when_o the_o neck_n be_v not_o turn_v downward_o upon_o the_o vessel_n burst_v they_o fly_v off_o into_o the_o air_n five_z or_o six_o foot_n high_a throw_v up_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o the_o ice_n with_o which_o the_o ball_n be_v cover_v the_o five_o experiment_n piastre_n at_o last_o we_o resolve_v to_o cast_v a_o ball_n of_o brass_n all_o of_o one_o piece_n about_o two_o crown_n thick_a have_v but_o one_o mouth_n at_o the_o foot_n thereof_o 1._o so_o make_v as_o to_o be_v very_o close_o shut_v with_o a_o exquisite_a screw_n then_o to_o take_v the_o lump_n of_o ice_n out_o whole_a we_o make_v a_o small_a crease_n round_o it_o where_o by_o put_v it_o again_o in_o the_o lare_z it_o may_v be_v cut_v in_o two_o in_o the_o midst_n which_o show_v a_o strange_a accident_n in_o the_o water_n for_o this_o small_a inequality_n as_o little_a as_o it_o be_v make_v the_o ball_n burst_v in_o that_o place_n whereupon_o we_o make_v another_o ball_n and_o without_o weaken_v it_o in_o any_o part_n set_v it_o to_o freeze_v but_o this_o be_v break_v as_o all_o the_o other_o for_o we_o try_v it_o often_o in_o that_o place_n which_o the_o water_n find_v most_o defective_a the_o six_o experiment_n 2._o the_o last_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o a_o ball_n of_o fine_a gold_n of_o the_o size_n represent_v in_o the_o figure_n this_o have_v undergo_v many_o freezing_n without_o any_o visible_a crack_n cause_v at_o first_o no_o little_a wonder_n and_o some_o begin_v to_o doubt_v whether_o or_o no_o the_o space_n requisite_a for_o the_o freeze_a by_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o metal_n by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o softness_n may_v
insensible_o be_v compress_v as_o tin_n silver_n and_o gold_n itself_o become_v more_o compact_a by_o be_v hammer_v but_o at_o last_o observe_v that_o whereas_o the_o ball_n before_o freeze_a be_v flat_v so_o that_o it_o will_v stand_v upon_o the_o bottom_n when_o it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o freeze_a mixture_n it_o will_v not_o stand_v upright_o every_o one_o be_v well_o satisfy_v whence_o this_o happen_v and_o because_o it_o seem_v to_o we_o perfect_o spherical_a to_o be_v the_o better_o assure_v thereof_o whether_o it_o will_v remain_v of_o its_o first_o size_n if_o it_o do_v not_o burst_v in_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n or_o whether_o it_o will_v stretch_v big_a ottone_v we_o make_v a_o ring_n of_o brass_n exact_o fit_v to_o the_o vessel_n great_a circle_n all_o along_o in_o the_o freeze_a by_o examine_v it_o with_o this_o ring_n we_o still_o find_v it_o grow_v big_a and_o big_a that_o pure_a metal_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o softness_n and_o pliantness_n still_o dilate_v and_o stretch_v itself_o and_o perhaps_o if_o it_o have_v be_v make_v of_o cast_a metal_n the_o effect_n will_v have_v be_v more_o conspicuous_a but_o be_v make_v of_o two_o piece_n it_o at_o last_o burst_v at_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v soder_v with_o silver_n and_o the_o crack_v beginning_n at_o the_o soder_n ranslant_v down_o into_o the_o gold_n also_o a_o experiment_n to_o measure_v how_o great_a the_o force_n of_o rarefaction_n may_v be_v in_o water_n shut_v up_o in_o close_a vessel_n to_o frieze_n ottone_v to_o obtain_v this_o we_o think_v of_o make_v a_o metal_n ball_n of_o brass_n like_o the_o former_a but_o perfect_o round_a and_o according_a to_o our_o estimation_n so_o much_o thick_a that_o the_o force_n of_o rarefaction_n shall_v be_v unable_a to_o break_v it_o and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n to_o set_v it_o to_o freeze_v as_o before_o the_o cover_v be_v fast_o screw_v down_o this_o be_v do_v and_o at_o first_o we_o find_v that_o the_o water_n be_v freeze_v without_o any_o run_v out_o or_o crack_v the_o vessel_n wherefore_o we_o put_v in_o the_o lare_z and_o keep_v it_o as_o near_o as_o possible_a of_o the_o same_o figure_n there_o be_v take_v off_o every_o where_o a_o thin_a coat_n of_o metal_n and_o than_o it_o be_v set_v to_o freeze_v the_o second_o time_n with_o water_n and_o not_o be_v burst_v also_o although_o it_o be_v freeze_v we_o again_o turn_v off_o a_o thin_a skin_n from_o the_o ball_n this_o experiment_n we_o repeat_v with_o three_o ball_n the_o thick_a whereof_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o 4._o fig._n which_o seem_v to_o we_o the_o great_a thickness_n the_o force_n of_o rarefaction_n in_o freeze_a water_n can_v overpower_v have_v proceed_v so_o far_o 4._o we_o be_v desirous_a to_o reduce_v this_o to_o the_o force_n of_o dead_a weight_n and_o the_o most_o probable_a mean_n we_o think_v of_o be_v to_o cast_v a_o ring_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n and_o hardness_n and_o exact_o of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o ball_n turn_v the_o inside_n conical_a and_o fit_v thereto_o a_o iron_n cone_n so_o that_o the_o iron_n may_v rise_v about_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o ring_n above_o the_o upper_a edge_n thereof_o be_v thus_o prepare_v we_o think_v of_o put_v the_o ring_n over_o a_o hole_n make_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o thick_a stone_n table_n something_o large_a than_o the_o bear_v of_o the_o ring_n we_o than_o think_v to_o proceed_v to_o lay_v on_o weight_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o iron_n cone_n or_o at_o least_o force_v it_o down_o with_o weight_n hang_v to_o a_o hook_n make_v at_o the_o low_a end_n thereof_o that_o so_o the_o force_n be_v perpendicular_a it_o may_v equal_o drive_v the_o iron_n into_o the_o ring_n and_o then_o leisurely_o add_v small_a leaden_a weight_n we_o may_v know_v the_o least_o weight_n capable_a of_o burst_v the_o ring_n and_o to_o be_v secure_v that_o the_o bear_n of_o the_o ring_n upon_o the_o roughness_n of_o the_o table_n may_v be_v no_o hindrance_n to_o its_o break_n we_o think_v to_o fasten_v round_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o table_n a_o plate_n of_o polish_a steel_n and_o smooth_a the_o under-side_n of_o the_o ring_n that_o it_o may_v upon_o the_o least_o touch_n slip_v upon_o the_o steel_n but_o because_o a_o immense_a weight_n be_v but_o sufficient_a to_o conquer_v so_o great_a a_o resistance_n we_o think_v to_o obtain_v our_o end_n by_o make_v the_o experiment_n with_o several_a much_o small_a ring_n but_o of_o different_a size_n and_o with_o more_o managable_a weight_n and_o so_o by_o examine_v the_o resistance_n of_o these_o ring_n and_o compare_v the_o repeat_v trial_n to_o come_v near_o the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o will_v break_v the_o first_o ring_n of_o the_o same_o thickness_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o force_n of_o rarefaction_n in_o freeze_a these_o be_v our_o thought_n but_o still_o find_v upon_o cut_v our_o ball_n that_o be_v crack_v in_o the_o freeze_a several_a inequality_n and_o defect_n in_o the_o sound_n proceed_v either_o from_o the_o wind_n or_o dregs_o of_o the_o metal_n when_o infusion_n we_o be_v discourage_v from_o prosecute_a the_o experiment_n upon_o so_o many_o uncertainty_n nevertheless_o we_o forbear_v not_o to_o relate_v our_o intention_n free_o though_o we_o come_v short_a of_o our_o end_n yet_o it_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o advertisement_n to_o other_o not_o to_o take_v a_o wrong_a path_n and_o perchance_o excite_v the_o ingenious_a to_o find_v out_o a_o mean_n to_o obviate_v these_o difficulty_n or_o a_o happy_a journey_n another_o way_n experiment_n to_o measure_v the_o utmost_a expansion_n of_o water_n in_o freeze_a the_o first_o experiment_n we_o make_v this_o experiment_n two_o way_n by_o measure_n and_o by_o weight_n that_o by_o measure_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n we_o procure_v a_o glass_n cane_n draw_v as_o equal_a as_o possible_a we_o seal_v it_o at_o one_o end_v and_o fill_v it_o to_o a_o certain_a mark_n with_o water_n we_o set_v it_o in_o ice_n very_o well_o powder_v and_o incorporate_v with_o salt_n to_o freeze_v then_o compare_v the_o height_n of_o the_o cilind_a freeze_v with_o that_o of_o the_o cilind_a fluid_n have_v the_o same_o base_n the_o proportion_n be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o nine_o to_o eight_o the_o second_o experiment_n we_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o this_o one_o experiment_n judge_v it_o little_o less_o than_o impossible_a to_o find_v a_o glass_n cane_n which_o have_v no_o other_o rule_n to_o draw_v it_o by_o than_o the_o equal_a breath_n of_o the_o artificer_n so_o true_o cilindrical_a as_o to_o take_v away_o all_o scruple_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o cilinder_n of_o water_n contain_v therein_o wherefore_o to_o have_v a_o more_o regular_a vessel_n we_o take_v the_o barrel_n of_o a_o pistol_n and_o turn_v it_o within_o to_o the_o true_a cilindrical_a figure_n attainable_a by_o a_o material_a instrument_n shut_v the_o touchhole_n with_o a_o steel_n screw_n and_o cover_v that_o with_o a_o polish_v steel_n plate_n we_o pour_v in_o six_o finger_n water_n and_o thrust_v in_o a_o turn_v cilind_a of_o box_n of_o the_o exact_a size_n of_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n well_o oil_v and_o grease_v that_o it_o may_v not_o imbibe_n any_o water_n when_o it_o be_v drive_v in_o so_o far_o that_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o barrel_n be_v well_o stop_v we_o invert_v the_o cane_n that_o the_o water_n may_v all_o rest_n upon_o the_o base_a of_o the_o cilind_a and_o unscrew_v the_o touchhole_n we_o force_v the_o cilind_a of_o box_n in_o further_a till_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o run_v out_o then_o screw_v in_o the_o pin_n again_o we_o set_v the_o barrel_n upright_o and_o mark_v how_o much_o of_o the_o wood_n stand_v out_o and_o cover_v it_o with_o the_o freeze_a mixture_n sprinkle_v with_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la which_o as_o be_v well_o know_v enforce_v the_o freeze_a very_o much_o when_o it_o have_v lie_v there_o about_o 12_o minute_n the_o mark_v make_v at_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o barrel_n upon_o the_o box_n be_v raise_v the_o thickness_n of_o a_o crown_n and_o present_o after_o two_o more_o where_o it_o stay_v though_o we_o reinforce_v the_o cold_a by_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o fresh_a snow_n and_o salt_n after_o a_o full_a hour_n we_o take_v the_o barrel_n out_o and_o find_v it_o so_o cold_a that_o we_o can_v scarce_o endure_v it_o in_o our_o hand_n whence_o we_o gather_v it_o be_v thorough_o freeze_v and_o that_o the_o rather_o because_o unscrew_v the_o touchhole_n and_o strike_v the_o end_n of_o the_o box_n cilind_a against_o the_o wall_n we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o force_v it_o a_o hair_n breadth_n in_o and_o except_o a_o few_o drop_n at_o the_o touchhole_n we_o can_v not_o observe_v any_o water_n
27_o 27_o abatement_n 111_o 28_o 54_o 80_o 345_o 318_o rest_n 111_o  _fw-fr 48_o 4_o 377_o 32_o remount_v 116_o ½_o 5_o ½_o 40_o 8_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr and_o then_o with_o a_o somewhat_o quick_a motion_n though_o very_o slow_a in_o comparison_n of_o that_o which_o the_o other_o liquor_n spring_v up_o with_o upon_o the_o point_n of_o glaciation_n it_o begin_v to_o congeal_v at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o successive_o from_o the_o more_o outward_a part_n approach_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o vessel_n with_o the_o same_o equal_a slowness_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o raise_v of_o the_o level_n in_o the_o neck_n the_o ice_n be_v not_o throughout_o equal_a as_o the_o other_o but_o break_v and_o shoot_v into_o irregular_a vein_n and_o ray_n and_o every_o where_o interwoven_a be_v repeat_v the_o second_o freeze_a be_v in_o all_o respect_v the_o same_o as_o the_o first_o and_o make_v it_o with_o the_o same_o water_n boil_v we_o find_v no_o great_a difference_n the_o freeze_a of_o fig-water_n ficoncella_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 98_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 100_o 2_o 19_o 19_o abatement_n 71_o 29_o 288_o 269_o rest_n 71_o  _fw-fr 363_o 75_o remount_v 83_o 12_o 816_o 453_o spring_n upon_o glaciat_fw-la 200_o 117_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o freeze_a of_o the_o best_a red_a florence_n wine_n chianti_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n differ_v deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 141_o  _fw-fr 141_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 143_o 2_o 137_o 4_o 15_o 15_o abatement_n 77_o ½_o 65_o ½_o 27_o ½_o 109_o ½_o 600_o 585_o rest_n 77_o ½_o  _fw-fr 23_o ½_o 4_o 695_o 95_o remount_v 81_o 4_o 15_o 7_o ½_o 1035_o 340_o from_o the_o 81_o ½_o deg._n it_o visible_o accelerate_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o level_n and_o by_o little_a and_o little_o freeze_v without_o any_o other_o motion_n in_o the_o vessel_n the_o freeze_a of_o white_a muscadine_n bianco_n  _fw-fr the_n deg._n of_o the_o vessel_n differ_v deg._n of_o therm_n differ_v vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 140_o  _fw-fr 139_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 142_o ½_o 2_o ½_o 132_o 7_o 16_o 16_o abatement_n 77_o 65_o ½_o 24_o 108_o 660_o 644_o be_v come_v to_o that_o degree_n of_o 77_o without_o any_o rest_n or_o stop_v it_o begin_v to_o rise_v with_o a_o little_o swift_a motion_n than_o we_o observe_v the_o liquor_n use_v to_o remount_v with_o which_o freeze_v in_o the_o instant_n of_o that_o they_o exert_v their_o violent_a spring_n when_o we_o take_v it_o out_o we_o find_v the_o liquor_n begin_v to_o have_v some_o ice_n next_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o freeze_a of_o distil_v vinegar_n bianco_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 141_o  _fw-fr 140_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 143_o 2_o 134_o 14_o 11_o 11_o abatement_n 75_o 68_o 24_o 110_o 735_o 724_o remount_v 79_o 4_o 19_o 5_o 1175_o 440_o spring_n upon_o glaciat_fw-la 273_o 194_o 19_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr which_o velocity_n be_v less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o freeze_a water_n but_o considerable_o great_a than_o that_o of_o muscadine_n cinnamon_n water_n and_o simple_a vinegar_n the_o freeze_a of_o the_o juice_n of_o lemon_n limoni_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n state_n natural_a 142_o  _fw-fr 143_o  _fw-fr rise_n upon_o immersion_n 144_o 2_o 134_o 9_o abatement_n 84_o 160_o 32_o 102_o when_o it_o be_v fall_v to_o the_o 84_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o vessel_n it_o begin_v to_o rise_v again_o with_o a_o very_a slow_a motion_n gentle_o freeze_v the_o freeze_a of_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n vitriolo_n  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n deg._n of_o therm_n diff._n vibrat_fw-la diff._n state_n natural_a 140_o ½_o  _fw-fr 140_o ½_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rise_v upon_o immer_n 142_o 1_o ½_o 133_o 7_o ½_o 15_o 15_o abatement_n 90_o 52_o 37_o ½_o 95_o ½_o 420_o 405_o this_o liquor_n do_v likewise_o not_o rest_v at_o all_o but_o be_v reduce_v to_o 90_o deg_n begin_v to_o remount_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vessel_n with_o a_o slow_a uniform_a motion_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n shoot_v itself_o in_o several_a plane_n of_o ice_n from_o place_n to_o place_n in_o the_o liquor_n as_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o fair_a water_n set_v to_o freeze_v by_o itself_o in_o the_o open_a air_n the_o freeze_a of_o oil_n olio_fw-la  _fw-fr deg._n of_o vessel_n diff._n state_n natural_a 140_o  _fw-fr fall_n upon_o immer_n 122_o 18_o abatement_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr when_o it_o have_v contract_v itself_o all_o within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vessel_n it_o there_o congeal_a without_o the_o least_o rarefaction_n for_o it_o may_v be_v the_o freeze_a oil_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o fluid_a whereas_o all_o other_o ice_n swim_v upon_o their_o fluid_n spirit_n of_o wine_n condense_n extreme_o but_o never_o rarefy_v afterward_o nor_o afford_v any_o ice_n experiment_n of_o natural_a freeze_a although_o the_o freezing_n we_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o have_v be_v call_v by_o we_o artificial_a yet_o that_o take_v not_o from_o their_o be_v the_o true_a work_n of_o nature_n own_o hand_n now_o the_o same_o nature_n act_v by_o other_o method_n and_o it_o may_v be_v with_o the_o only_a ingredient_n of_o the_o air_n we_o be_v curious_a to_o know_v if_o any_o variety_n in_o the_o procedure_n of_o the_o operation_n may_v be_v discover_v in_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n by_o other_o mean_n and_o when_o we_o already_o have_v this_o before_o we_o we_o attempt_v to_o draw_v thence_o some_o other_o conclusion_n as_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n the_o first_o experiment_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o common_a water_n in_o the_o air._n it_o be_v already_o declare_v in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n that_o the_o artificial_a ice_n in_o the_o then_o describe_v vessel_n proceed_v from_o a_o beginning_n very_o soft_a and_o incompact_a especial_o in_o regard_n of_o those_o make_v in_o the_o winter_n air_n which_o though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o sudden_o make_v but_o begin_v from_o a_o thin_a coat_n or_o hair-like_a vein_n scarce_o discernible_a yet_o those_o vein_n or_o coat_n except_v their_o brittleness_n which_o come_v from_o their_o be_v so_o very_o small_a be_v more_o firm_a and_o hard_a body_n and_o as_o it_o be_v more_o cristaline_a and_o solid_a ice_n and_o very_o admirable_a be_v that_o lusus_fw-la naturae_fw-la which_o for_o many_o year_n we_o have_v observe_v in_o natural_a freezing_n viz._n set_v water_n take_v out_o of_o the_o same_o spring_n in_o several_a vessel_n as_o of_o earth_n of_o metal_n and_o of_o glass_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o tall_a glass_n or_o broad_a bowl_n some_o part-filled_n some_o quite-filled_a some_o open_a other_o covered_z and_o in_o several_a sort_n of_o bottle_n with_o different_a mouth_n some_o only_o stop_v with_o cotton_n other_o seal_v at_o a_o flame_n be_v all_o set_v in_o the_o same_o place_n undisturbed_a or_o beside_o one_o another_o upon_o a_o table_n sometime_o that_o vessel_n which_o have_v least_o be_v first_o freeze_v sometime_o that_o which_o have_v most_o and_o so_o in_o all_o the_o vessel_n without_o any_o regard_n have_v of_o the_o form_n or_o fullness_n thereof_o as_o to_o the_o material_n we_o may_v positive_o aver_v that_o earthen_a vessel_n freeze_v the_o contain_v fluid_a soon_o than_o either_o metal_n or_o glass_n but_o as_o to_o the_o rest_n we_o have_v find_v nothing_o so_o constant_a as_o the_o perpetual_a irregularity_n of_o the_o accident_n and_o among_o other_o there_o have_v some_o vessel_n stand_v all_o night_n without_o the_o least_o coat_n of_o ice_n when_o some_o next_o to_o they_o have_v be_v freeze_v in_o a_o hour_n moreover_o in_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o vessel_n set_v to_o freeze_v in_o the_o same_o night_n we_o have_v observe_v the_o like_a variety_n whether_o place_v north_n south_n east_n or_o west_n and_o as_o well_o those_o vessel_n which_o have_v stand_v more_o southwardly_a have_v be_v freeze_v first_o as_o at_o other_o time_n those_o that_o stand_v more_o northwardly_a though_o the_o cold_a general_o come_v from_o that_o tract_n with_o we_o and_o sometime_o those_o eastward_o sometime_o those_o westward_n have_v get_v the_o better_a nay_o sometime_o both_o have_v surpass_v the_o north_n and_o south_n and_o at_o other_o time_n be_v vanquish_v by_o they_o the_o method_n also_o observe_v in_o freeze_a be_v very_o curious_a the_o water_n begin_v first_o to_o congeal_v at_o the_o top_n round_o the_o edge_n and_o from_o that_o list_n of_o ice_n shoot_v several_a small_a thread_n to_o the_o middle_n after_o which_o it_o send_v other_o downward_o and_o that_o indifferent_o from_o all_o part_n by_o degree_n these_o thread_n become_v ragged_a yet_o
pressure_n of_o the_o air_n p._n 14_o show_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o natural_a compression_n of_o the_o air_n p._n 35._o a_o instrument_n convenient_a to_o make_v the_o vacuum_n p._n 49_o make_a use_n of_o in_o artificial_a freezing_n p._n 77_o *_o iris-green_a what_o p._n 136_o l._n light_n body_n most_o impregnate_v therewith_o p._n 158_o whether_o its_o motion_n instantaneous_a p._n 157_o transcur_n the_o space_n of_o 2_o mile_n in_o a_o undiscernible_a time_n p._n 157_o the_o suppose_a positive_a lightness_n of_o body_n do_v not_o raise_v they_o up_o p._n 118_o experiment_n thereon_o 119_o liquor_n make_v other_o fluid_n turbid_v and_o clear_v again_o p._n 133_o m._n magnet_n not_o hinder_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o any_o fluid_a or_o solid_a body_n p._n 124_o its_o north_n pole_n weak_a when_o place_v southwards_o than_o northwards_o p._n 127_o mercury_n fit_a to_o make_v the_o vacuum_n p._n 14_o at_o what_o height_n sustain_v in_o vacuo_fw-la p._n 15_o alter_v by_o external_n accident_n ib._n raise_v high_o in_o a_o ambient_fw-la of_o water_n than_o air_n ib._n a_o vial_n fill_v with_o mercury_n not_o run_v out_o p._n 27_o how_o high_a raise_v in_o a_o tube_n by_o the_o simple_a pressure_n of_o water_n p._n 30_o rise_v or_o fall_v as_o the_o place_n of_o observation_n be_v high_a or_o low_o p._n 35_o dissolve_v snow_n put_v into_o it_o p._n 58_o be_v attract_v by_o amber_n p._n 130_o metal_n of_o the_o vessel_n cause_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o liquor_n freeze_a p._n 96_o which_o sort_n preserve_v ice_n best_a p._n 101_o dilate_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o fire_n p._n 110_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n show_v by_o instrument_n p._n 8_o motion_n observe_v in_o the_o height_n of_o liquor_n when_o first_o the_o contain_v vessel_n be_v set_v in_o several_a ambient_n p._n 105_o muscadine_n its_o effect_n in_o freeze_a p._n 92_o n._n nitre_n chill_v water_n when_o mix_v therewith_o p._n 100_o 153_o o._n oil_n of_o vitriol_n mix_v with_o water_n produce_v a_o great_a heat_n p._n 153_o and_o with_o all_o fluid_v the_o like_a except_o oil_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n ib._n that_o and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a together_o make_v a_o cold_a ebullition_n ib._n etc._n etc._n p._n paper_n white_a fire_v with_o a_o burning-glass_n p._n 158_o pearl_n with_o what_o effect_v dissolve_v in_o vacuo_fw-la p._n 59_o pendulum_n the_o best_a time-meeter_n p._n 10_o their_o description_n and_o use_n p._n 11_o their_o vibration_n quick_a or_o slow_a according_a to_o their_o length_n p._n 12_o first_o apply_v to_o clock_n by_o galileo_n ib._n plato_n thought_n of_o the_o raise_n up_o of_o fire_n and_o water_n by_o the_o air_n p._n 118_o pole_n of_o the_o magnet_n when_o most_o efficacious_a p._n 127_o prejudices_fw-la against_o material_a instrument_n p._n 114_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n act_v upon_o all_o fluid_n p._n 13_o its_o difference_n show_v by_o instrument_n p._n 35_o experiment_n in_o favour_n of_o that_o pressure_n p._n 17_o objection_n against_o it_o p._n 19_o the_o reply_n of_o some_o person_n thereto_o p._n 20_o procedure_v observe_v by_o some_o liquor_n in_o freeze_a 77*_n proportion_n of_o air_n natural_a to_o that_o rarify_v not_o still_o the_o same_o p._n 24_o whence_o it_o may_v proceed_v ib._n r._n raise_v of_o fluid_n high_o in_o small_a cane_n not_o only_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o a_o weak_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o they_o p._n 56_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o object_n by_o the_o len_n the_o same_o in_o vacuo_fw-la as_o in_o the_o open_a air_n p._n 42_o report_n of_o a_o demi-canon_n etc._n etc._n pass_v equal_a space_n in_o equal_a time_n p._n 138_o ring_n turn_v out_o of_o wood_n by_o imbibe_v moisture_n dilate_v p._n 108_o cilindrical_a ring_n of_o brass_n dilate_v by_o heat_n in_o the_o fire_n p._n 107_o the_o same_o vigorous_o freeze_v contract_v p._n 108_o rod_n of_o steel_n seem_v light_a hot_a than_o cold_a p._n 149_o s._n sal_fw-la ammoniac_a most_o efficacious_a in_o produce_v cold_a p._n 100_o mix_v with_o water_n arrive_v to_o a_o degree_n of_o freeze_a p._n 153_o scale_n for_o the_o velocity_n of_o sound_n p._n 142_o scope_n of_o the_o academy_n in_o their_o experiment_n with_o mercury_n p._n 33_o smoke_n descend_v in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o a_o parabola_fw-la p._n 48_o snow_n melt_v by_o mercury_n p._n 58_o dissolve_v as_o slow_o in_o vacuo_fw-la as_o the_o open_a air_n ib._n snow-water_n long_o in_o freeze_v than_o other_o liquor_n p._n 90_o yet_o the_o same_o after_o boil_a ib._n sound_n pass_v equal_a space_n in_o equal_a time_n p._n 138_o how_n propagate_v according_a to_o the_o stoic_n p._n 139_o unalterable_a in_o their_o velocity_n p._n 140_o sound_v of_o a_o bell_n and_o organ_n the_o same_o in_o vacuo_fw-la as_o in_o the_o air_n p._n 50_o spirit_n of_o wine_n make_v no_o sediment_n p._n 3_o sprinkle_a upon_o ice_n increase_v the_o cold_a p._n 100_o not_o to_o be_v inflame_v with_o a_o burning-glass_n p._n 158_o that_o and_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n ferment_n with_o water_n with_o ebullition_n and_o heat_n p._n 154_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n stop_v fermentation_n and_o chill_v p._n 154_o a_o cold_a steam_n from_o vessel_n fill_v with_o ice_n p._n 102_o sugar_n promote_v freeze_v p._n 100_o superficies_n of_o ice_n how_o raise_v in_o the_o midst_n p._n 97_o t._n table_n of_o freeze_a p._n 83_o thermometer_n what_o p._n 2_o how_o seal_v p._n 3_o use_v in_o experiment_n of_o freeze_a and_o why_o p._n 82_o their_o exactness_n unalterable_a by_o the_o small_a alteration_n of_o the_o capacity_n of_o their_o head_n or_o ball_n p._n 107_o tincture_n of_o rose_n how_o make_v p._n 136_o tincture_n alter_v to_o several_a colour_n by_o a_o infusion_n of_o divers_a spirit_n ib._n v._o vacuum_n what_o intend_v thereby_o p._n 16_o make_v better_a with_o mercury_n than_o by_o suction_n p._n 51_o velocity_n communicate_v by_o the_o powder_n to_o the_o bullet_n when_o fire_v downward_o preternatural_a thereto_o according_a to_o galileo_n sentiment_n p._n 144_o confirm_v by_o experiment_n 145_o vessel_n with_o small_a neck_n how_o fill_v p._n 3_o one_o make_v use_n of_o in_o many_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o vacuity_n p._n 49_o of_o several_a material_n burst_v by_o frost_n p._n 72_o of_o earth_n contribute_v most_o to_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o contain_v liquor_n p._n 96_o of_o metal_n and_o glass_n alter_v their_o capacity_n by_o the_o external_a application_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a p._n 104_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o contain_v liquor_n yet_o unaltered_a p._n 105_o vibration_n of_o the_o same_o pendulum_n not_o always_o equal_a p._n 11_o vincenzio_n galilei_n first_o adapt_v the_o pendulum_n to_o clockwork_n p._n 13_o vinegar_n style_v dissolve_v pearl_n and_o coral_n p._n 59_o virtue_n electric_n in_o what_o substance_n most_o conspicuous_a p._n 128_o hinder_v by_o the_o least_o obstacle_n interpose_v p._n 132_o virtue_n or_o force_v already_o impress_v upon_o body_n not_o alterable_a by_o a_o new_a direction_n of_o motion_n p._n 145_o w._n water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la rise_v not_o above_o 33_o foot_n 5_o inch_n p._n 15_o how_o try_v with_o other_o liquor_n p._n 31_o with_o what_o care_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v set_v to_o freeze_v in_o vessel_n p._n 79_o after_o remount_v upon_o freeze_a continue_v to_o rarify_v p._n 81_o in_o specific_a gravity_n to_o ice_n as_o 9_o to_o 8_o or_o as_o 28_o ½_o to_o 25_o p._n 79_o in_o freeze_a force_n through_o the_o screw_n of_o vessel_n p._n 74_o freeze_v in_o vacuo_fw-la p._n 98_o difficult_a if_o at_o all_o to_o be_v compress_v p._n 114_o attempt_v by_o rarifaction_n of_o air_n p._n 115_o dead_a weight_n p._n 116_o percussion_n p._n 117_o still_v in_o lead_n thicken_v fair_a water_n p._n 133_o a_o way_n to_o open_v and_o close_o again_o quick_o and_o easy_o any_o glass_n vessel_n p._n 26_o weight_n able_a to_o enlarge_v the_o capacity_n of_o vessel_n p._n 113_o specific_a weight_n of_o air_n in_o respect_n of_o water_n how_o find_v p._n 147_o wind_n contrary_a or_o favour_v neither_o retard_v nor_o accelerate_v the_o motion_n of_o sound_n p._n 140_o the_o contrary_a only_o weaken_v the_o vivacity_n thereof_o ib._n provando_fw-la e_o riprovandâ—_n tab._n 1._o fig._n 1._o smalto_n bianco_n smalto_n nero._n tab._n 1._o fig._n 2._o tab._n 1._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 1._o fig._n 4._o tab._n 1._o fig._n 5._o libecciata_n aquilonari_fw-la libecci_n poneuti_fw-la 17_o bra._n â—_o 3_o tab._n 2._o fig._n 2._o 2._o brac._n 2_o brac._n brac._n ¼_n 1_o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 2._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 3._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 3._o fig._n 2._o 1_o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 3._o fig._n 3._o 2_o brac._n tab._n 3._o fig._n 4._o fig._n 3._o fig._n 4._o tab._n 4._o fig._n 1._o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 4._o fig._n 2._o 2_o brac._n tab._n 4._o fig._n 3._o br._n ¼_n tab._n 4._o fig._n 4._o 1_o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 4._o fig._n 5._o 1_o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 5._o fig._n 2._o brac._n ¼_n 1_o brac._n ¼_n tab._n 5._o fig._n 3._o 1_o braccio_n br_n 142._o br._n 50._o tab._n 6._o fig._n 1._o smalto_n tab._n 6._o fig._n 2._o ½_o brac._n tab._n 6._o fig._n 3._o â…“_n di_fw-it brac._n â…”_n di_fw-it br._n tab._n 7._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 7._o fig._n 2._o tab._n 7._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 8._o fig._n 1._o astr_n opt._n tab._n 8._o fig._n 2._o tab._n 8._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 9_o fig._n 1._o tab._n 9_o fig._n 2._o tab._n 9_o fig._n 3._o 2_o brac._n tab._n 9_o fig._n 4._o pastiglia_fw-it nera_fw-mi â…“_n di_fw-mi brac._n 2_o brac._n lucertole_n mignatte_n fig._n 6._o tab._n 9_o fig._n 4._o tab._n 10._o fig._n 7._o fig._n 8._o tab._n 10._o fig._n 9_o tab._n 9_o fig._n 4._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 10._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 10._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 4._o 2_o brac._n ½_o di_fw-it br._n 1_o brac._n ¼_n mignatta_n lumaca_n grilli_n farfalla_n moscone_n lucertola_fw-la uccelletto_fw-it calderugio_n allodola_n passera_fw-fr 1_o brac._n ¼_n granchio_n tenero_fw-la ranocchio_n granchio_n duro_fw-la ranocchio_n pescettâ—_n barbio_n anguilla_n barbio_n 1_o brac._n ½_o tab._n 11._o fig._n 6._o tab._n 11._o fig._n 7._o lasca_n tab._n 11._o fig._n 8._o lasca_n â—_o br._n 2_o 4_o job_n 38._o ver_fw-la 22._o tab._n 12._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 12._o fig._n 2._o 1_o piastra_n tab._n 12._o fig._n 5._o &_o 6._o fig._n 5._o fig._n 6._o ottone_v 2_o piastre_n tab._n 13._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 13._o fig._n 2._o ottone_v ottone_v tab._n 13_o fig._n 4._o â…›_n di_fw-mi brac._n 1_o brac._n ½_o tab._n 41._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 14._o fig._n 2._o 2_o brac._n stato_fw-it naturale_fw-la salto_fw-la dell_fw-it immersione_n abbassamento_fw-la quiet_n sollevamento_fw-la salto_fw-la dell_fw-it agghiacciamento_n tab._n 14._o fig._n 3._o acqua_fw-la di_fw-it fiori_fw-it di_fw-it mortella_n acqua_fw-la rosa_fw-la acqua_fw-la di_fw-it fiori_fw-it di_fw-it aranci_n aqua_fw-la di_fw-it fravole_fw-it acqua_fw-la di_fw-it cannella_n acqua_fw-la di_fw-it neve_n strutta_n acqua_fw-la della_fw-it ficoncella_n vini_n rosso_n di_fw-fr chianti_n muscadello_n bianco_n aceto_n bianco_n agro_n di_fw-fr limoni_n spirito_n di_fw-fr vitriolo_n olio_fw-la piombo_n stagno_n rame_n ferro_fw-la oro_fw-la argento_n acquarzente_fw-la bicchieri_n tazze_fw-it sparse_fw-mi tab._n 15._o fig._n 1._o smalto_n armilla_n di_fw-fr branzo_n tab._n 15._o fig._n 2_o &_o 3_o tab._n 15._o fig._n 4._o fig._n 5._o tab._n 15._o fig._n 6._o 1_o brac._n ciambella_n stagno_n tab._n 16._o fig._n 1._o minugia_n tab._n 16._o fig._n 2._o tab._n 16._o fig._n 3._o minugie_a rame_n ricotto_n ottone_v tab._n 16._o fig._n 4._o tab._n 16._o fig._n 5._o tab._n 16._o fig._n 6._o tab._n 17._o fig._n 1._o rame_n tab._n 17._o fig._n 2._o brac._n 4._o tab._n 17._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 18._o fig._n 1._o tab._n 18._o fig._n 2._o tab._n 18._o fig._n 3._o tab._n 18._o fig._n 4._o tab._n 19_o fig._n 1._o tab._n 19_o fig._n 2._o ambra_fw-mi gialla_n cera_n lacca_n diamante_n zaffiro_fw-la bianco_n smeraldo_n topazio_n bianco_n ambra_fw-mi bianca_n e_fw-it nera_fw-mi lapis_fw-la lazzali_n turchine_n diaspre_n agate_n coralli_fw-la pearl_n metalli_fw-la lapilli_fw-la de_fw-fr sali_n saggina_fw-la bassilico_n gruppiti_fw-la tavole_n olio_fw-la di_fw-it tartaro_fw-la e_o d'_fw-fr anici_fw-la sp._n di_o zolfo_n tincture_n di_fw-mi rose_n rise_v safferano_n verde_n giglio_n vinato_n lacca_n muffa_o moschetto_n artiglieria_n spingarda_n smeriglio_n mezzo-cannone_a spingarda_n mastio_n dialog_n 2d_o de_fw-fr sistemi_fw-it colubrina_n falconetto_n 50_o brac_n their_o mile_n be_v about_o 5925_o f._n colubrinetta_n fasciate_v ignude_v archibuso_n dialogo_fw-la 40_o deal_v trattato_n dell_fw-it 2_o nuove_v scienze_n pettabotta_fw-it 3_o danari_fw-la 4_o br._n balestrone_n br._n 78._o br._n 6._o br._n 100_o br._n 17._o ½_o tab._n 19_o fig._n 3._o 1_o ½_o br._n vetriole_n sal_fw-la nitre_n sal_fw-la armoniaco_fw-it cold_a ebullition_n acquarzente_fw-la sp._n di_o vetriolo_n olio_fw-la di_fw-it tartaro_fw-la sp._n di_o zolfo_n olio_fw-la dicera_fw-la quintes_n di_fw-it zolfo_n estratt_n dorina_fw-la di_fw-it cavallo_n sp._n di_fw-mi cedrato_fw-mi starna_n pag._n 43._o edit_fw-la lugd._n 1638._o acquarzente_fw-la pastiglia_fw-it balsamo_n bianco_n etc._n etc._n
perceivable_a smoke_n till_o the_o glass_n wherein_o this_o mixture_n be_v contain_v can_v carce_o be_v endure_v in_o the_o hand_n the_o like_a happen_v by_o mix_v it_o with_o all_o other_o liquid_n except_o oil_n and_o strong_a water_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o alter_v from_o its_o natural_a state_n and_o the_o second_o if_o a_o tall_a scarce_o sensible_o armoniaco_fw-it on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v a_o know_a experiment_n that_o nitre_n dissolve_v in_o water_n chill_v it_o and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a congeal_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o if_o in_o the_o water_n wherewith_o it_o be_v mingle_v in_o a_o due_a proportion_n you_o set_v a_o thin_a glass_n of_o other_o water_n cool_v before_o well_o with_o ice_n the_o cold_a produce_v by_o the_o say_a salt_n as_o it_o dissolve_v will_v freeze_v it_o ebullition_n have_v mingle_v together_o one_o three_o part_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o two_o three_o of_o the_o forementioned_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n there_o follow_v a_o unusual_a effect_n for_o still_o as_o the_o salt_n dissolve_v therein_o it_o smoke_v and_o boil_a up_o furious_o and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o if_o we_o stir_v it_o together_o with_o a_o little_a stick_n for_o than_o it_o rise_v up_o much_o easierly_a in_o froth_n so_o as_o it_o then_o fill_v a_o space_n 25_o time_n big_a than_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o two_o separate_a body_n of_o oil_n and_o salt_n but_o for_o all_o this_o fury_n of_o smoke_n and_o boil_a we_o not_o only_a can_v observe_v no_o sensible_a beginning_n of_o heat_n but_o a_o strange_a degree_n of_o cold_a produce_v therein_o chill_v the_o glass_n that_o contain_v it_o and_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n of_o a_o thermometer_n immerse_v thereinto_o swift_o subside_v till_o the_o salt_n be_v dissipate_v and_o evaporate_v the_o boil_a cease_v and_o the_o oil_n return_v to_o its_o former_a natural_a state_n such_o a_o production_n of_o cold_a we_o have_v know_v when_o ever_o we_o have_v repeat_v the_o experiment_n indeed_o that_o as_o well_o as_o the_o ebullition_n and_o smoke_a be_v more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o salt_n be_v strong_a or_o the_o liquor_n more_o refine_v we_o have_v also_o observe_v that_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o strong_a water_n zolfo_n or_o sp._n of_o vitriol_n put_v into_o the_o oil_n in_o its_o great_a fury_n of_o ebullition_n stop_v it_o and_o make_v the_o mixture_n immediate_o hot_a add_v oil_n of_o tartar_n the_o heat_n be_v augment_v the_o smoke_n and_o ebullition_n return_v but_o by_o drop_v in_o of_o sp._n of_o sulphur_n it_o quick_o cool_v again_o it_o be_v worth_a a_o little_a reflection_n that_o as_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n mix_v with_o all_o liquor_n heat_v they_o oil_n and_o strong_a water_n except_v so_o contrary_o shall_v ammoniac_a stir_v together_o with_o all_o liquor_n cool_v and_o refrigerate_v they_o more_o or_o less_o oil_n and_o strong-water_n likewise_o except_v upon_o which_o two_o only_a it_o be_v ineffectual_a and_o again_o that_o upon_o mix_v together_o the_o same_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a there_o shall_v follow_v so_o wonderful_a a_o cold_a ebullition_n as_o be_v relate_v some_o experiment_n to_o know_v if_o glass_n and_o crystal_n be_v penetrable_a by_o odour_n and_o humidity_n the_o first_o experiment_n touch_v odour_n cedrato_fw-mi oil_n of_o wax_n quintessence_n of_o sulphur_n and_o extract_v of_o horse_n urine_n which_o be_v reckon_v the_o most_o acute_a and_o strong_a smell_n that_o be_v do_v not_o sensible_o transpire_v through_o a_o seal_a glass_n vial_n as_o can_v by_o many_o person_n that_o try_v it_o be_v perceive_v though_o it_o be_v heat_v the_o halitus_fw-la also_o of_o that_o thin_a spirit_n that_o fly_v away_o upon_o cut_v a_o orange_n or_o lemon_n peel_n or_o which_o in_o a_o small_a thread_n spin_v out_o of_o the_o same_o peel_n when_o it_o be_v squeeze_v do_v not_o penetrate_v to_o give_v any_o smell_n to_o a_o little_a water_n contain_v in_o a_o crystal_n glass_n seal_v hermetical_o in_o like_a manner_n seal_v up_o a_o partridge_n in_o a_o small_a glass_n vessel_n starna_n and_o set_v it_o in_o a_o corner_n of_o the_o room_n and_o bring_v a_o set_v dog_n in_o we_o lead_v he_o round_o near_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v set_v but_o he_o show_v no_o sign_n of_o perceive_v the_o partridge_n the_o second_o experiment_n of_o humidity_n a_o glass_n ball_n be_v fill_v with_o salt_n well_o ground_n to_o powder_n and_o dry_v be_v seal_v up_o at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n and_o put_v for_o ten_o day_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o cistern_n of_o water_n and_o after_o that_o as_o long_o in_o a_o conservatory_n of_o snow_n but_o it_o do_v not_o increase_v at_o all_o in_o weight_n and_o when_o break_v the_o salt_n be_v take_v out_o so_o dry_a that_o it_o fall_v to_o powder_v yet_o we_o have_v sometime_o chance_v to_o find_v in_o the_o ball_n of_o salt_n some_o little_a part_n thereof_o dampish_a but_o we_o can_v not_o argue_v a_o penetration_n from_o thence_o for_o if_o it_o be_v real_o so_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v more_o in_o one_o place_n than_o another_o whereas_o that_o little_a moisture_n be_v always_o find_v in_o one_o place_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a it_o be_v only_o a_o little_a of_o the_o humidity_n which_o the_o force_n of_o the_o cold_a drove_n out_o of_o the_o air_n remain_v in_o the_o ball_n and_o stick_v as_o a_o cover_n to_o the_o inside_n thereof_o some_o experiment_n concern_v light_n and_o its_o effect_n the_o first_o experiment_n of_o the_o instantaneous_a motion_n of_o light_n 1638._o galileo_n in_o the_o first_o dialogue_n of_o his_o treatise_n of_o two_o new_a science_n suggest_v a_o easy_a way_n to_o discover_v whether_o light_n move_v in_o time_n or_o with_o a_o instantaneaus_a velocity_n the_o trial_n consist_v in_o the_o confederacy_n of_o two_o company_n of_o man_n to_o expose_v two_o light_n to_o each_o other_o view_n so_o that_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o one_o may_v answer_v immediate_o to_o that_o of_o the_o other_o that_o when_o the_o one_o uncover_v their_o light_n and_o expose_v it_o they_o may_v at_o the_o same_o time_n perceive_v the_o light_n of_o their_o confederate_n this_o be_v often_o practise_v at_o a_o small_a distance_n galileo_n desire_v to_o have_v the_o same_o try_v by_o observer_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n to_o see_v if_o the_o mutual_a correspondence_n of_o expose_v and_o cover_v their_o light_n keep_v the_o same_o measure_n as_o when_o near_o that_o be_v without_o any_o observable_a delay_n we_o try_v it_o at_o a_o miles_n distance_n which_o in_o the_o go_v forward_o and_o return_v of_o the_o light_n must_v be_v reckon_v two_o and_o can_v not_o observe_v any_o if_o in_o a_o great_a distance_n it_o be_v possible_a to_o perceive_v any_o sensible_a delay_n we_o have_v not_o yet_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o try_v the_o second_o experiment_n of_o fiâ—ing_a body_n with_o a_o burning-glass_n etc._n the_o light_n refract_v by_o a_o crystal_n lens_n or_o reflect_v by_o a_o burn_a concave_n will_v not_o fire_v spirit_n of_o wine_n though_o make_v opaque_v by_o a_o tincture_n among_o other_o combustible_a matter_n gunpowder_n fire_n upon_o the_o unite_n the_o ray_n of_o a_o lens_n or_o concave_n but_o the_o perfume_a pastil_v white_a balsam_n storax_n and_o incerse_n melt_v but_o will_v never_o take_v fire_n likewise_o paper_n and_o fine_a white_a holland_n when_o expose_v flat_a to_o the_o reverberatory_n of_o a_o large_a concave_n at_o length_n fire_n wherefore_o it_o be_v a_o mistake_n that_o the_o light_n will_v not_o inflame_v any_o white_a body_n as_o be_v general_o think_v indeed_o they_o take_v fire_n with_o more_o difficulty_n than_o colour_a body_n and_o it_o may_v be_v with_o a_o small_a concave_n or_o lens_n they_o will_v not_o fire_n the_o three_o experiment_n of_o body_n afford_v light_n beside_o fire-stone_n there_o be_v other_o body_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v great_a conservatory_n of_o light_n for_o by_o strike_v they_o together_o or_o by_o break_v they_o in_o the_o dark_a they_o sparkle_v such_o be_v white-sugar_n loaf-sugar_n and_o salgemme_n in_o the_o stone_n all_o which_o be_v break_v in_o a_o mortar_n give_v forth_o so_o great_a a_o light_n as_o distinct_o to_o discern_v the_o side_n of_o the_o mortar_n and_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o pestle_n thereby_o but_o we_o have_v not_o succeed_v to_o see_v the_o same_o appearance_n in_o pound_v common_a stone-salt_n alumn_n or_o nitre_n nor_o in_o coral_n the_o yellow_a or_o black_a amber_n grâ—â—ats_n or_o marchasite_n but_o rock-chrystal_n and_o agate_n and_o oriental_a jasper_n either_o strike_v together_o or_o break_v give_v a_o clear_a light_n experiment_n about_o the_o digestion_n of_o some_o animal_n wonder_v be_v the_o force_n wherewith_o the_o digestion_n of_o the_o hen_n and_o duck-kind_n be_v perform_v for_o they_o