Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	amber_n	call_v	drug_n	232	4	16.7907	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13217	Speculum mundi· Or A glasse representing the face of the world shewing both that it did begin, and must also end: the manner how, and time when, being largely examined. Whereunto is joyned an hexameron, or a serious discourse of the causes, continuance, and qualities of things in nature; occasioned as matter pertinent to the work done in the six dayes of the worlds creation.	Swan, John, d. 1671.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver.	1635 (1635)	STC 23516; ESTC S118043	379,702	552

large wide mouth but round This is a cruel fish to the marriners and will sometimes lift up his head above the sail-yard casting up so much water through certain pipes in his forehead that as the foresaid authour witnesseth great and strong ships are either compelled to sink or else are exposed to great and manifest danger Sometimes again by laying his head upon either end of the ship he drowns it by his over-loading weight Some call the Whirl-pool-whales Balaenae But howsoever Balaena is reckoned amongst the whales and is differing from the Prister or Physeter which before I called the Whirl-pool-whale Olaus Magnus speaking of the Balaena saith that it hath no gills but certain Fistulae are in stead thereof placed in the forepart of the head and that it is a fish which shews great love and affection towards her young ones For when they are little being faint and weak she takes them into her mouth to secure them from tempestuous surges and when the tempest is over she spues them again out into the sea A fit embleme this to teach all sorts of parents either in Church Commonwealth or private families to provide for and not destroy those under them as also to secure them from dangers whensoever they arise When this Balaena and her male-whale accompanie together for they increase by copulation they scatter much of their seed in the waters which being found by the marriners is taken and sold as a pretious drugge Some call it Ambra or Ambergreese affirming that it is good contra guttas and against the palsie and resolution of sinews if it be used as an oyntment good also to be drunk down against the falling sicknesse and swounding having also great power of strengthening the inward parts It is commonly white and sometimes counterfeited with the dust of Lignum aloes and the sweet gum Storax sea-mosse and the like but that which is sophisticated may be easily known because it will soon be dissolved like wax whereas that which is without sophistication is more solid lesse easie to be made liquid Thus affirmeth Olaus magnus howbeit others write that Ambergreese is the spawn of the whale But Avioen is perswaded that it grows in the sea and some again onely write that it is cast up on the shore and found cleaving to stones there the fume whereof is good against the falling sicknesse and comfortable to the brain Munster writeth that many in Iseland of the bones and ribbes of the biggest whales make posts and sparres for the building of their houses and how great profit proceedeth from the oyl of the whale no man is ignorant Plinie writeth of a little fish called Musculus which is a great friend to the whale for the whale being big would many times endanger her self between rocks and narrow straits were it not for this little fish which swimmeth as a guide before her Whereupon Du Bartas descants thus A little fish that swimming still before Directs him safe from rock from shelf and shore Much like a childe that loving leads about His aged father when his eyes be out Still wafting him through ev'ry way so right That reft of eyes he seems not reft of sight Which office of that little fish may serve as a fit embleme to teach great ones superiours that they ought not to contemne their inferiours for they are not alwayes able so to subsist of themselves that they never stand in need of their helps who are but mean and base in the eyes of greatnesse there may come a time when the meanest person may do some good and therefore there is no time wherein we ought to scorn such a one how mean soever he be Furthermore as the whale is befriended by the Musculus so also he is as much infested by the Ork for albeit the Ork be lesse then the whale yet it is a nimbler fish and cruell withall having sharp teeth with which as with an admired weapon she cruelly wounds the whale in the belly and then floating into a shallow place endangers the whale to follow after The Sword-fish called Xiphia is little like to any other fish he hath an horrid head like an owl a deep mouth as if it were some immensive pit ougly eyes with a back and a bill like a sword There is also another great fish called Serra or a Saw-fish having an hard copled head with teeth like a saw standing in manner of a combe upon the head of a cock with which the said fish when she wants a prey cutteth the bottome of ships that the men being cast away a prey may be provided by feeding on their carcases The Monoceros or fish with one horn may fitly be called the Sea-unicorn it is a sea-monster having a great horn in his forehead wherewith he is able to pierce through a ship Howbeit his crueltie is much hindered in regard that it hath pleased the Almighty to make him very slow in motion whereby those who fear him have advantage given them to flie away The Sea-elephant is a fish which often goes on shore and sleeps in the rocks hanging by his two Elephant-like teeth but both they and his bodie are farre bigger then the land-elephant and being espied by men at sea they call to others on the shore by whose help using nets and gins and other instruments for that purpose they together invelope his bodie and then suddenly assaulting and awaking him he leaps with a violent rush as if he would leap into the sea but being hampered and entangled by the fishers engines he cannot he is compelled therefore to yeeld himself to their mercie who having killed him do first skin him then take out his fat and of his skinne they make thongs which are sold for a great price as being very strong and such as will never rot Olaus magnus commendeth his teeth above the other parts of his bodie Lib. 21. This fish thus sleeping and caught suddenly may be as a fit embleme of those men who coming out of their right way do fall asleep in sinne and at last when death awakes them they think to go to heaven or leap into the wayes of godlinesse but then it is too late for they are taken as surely and as suddenly as was that fool in the Gospell who thought he had goods laid up for many yeares The Crocodile seeing it lives in the waters as well or rather then on land I reckon among the fishes They be commonly found about the river Nilus in Egypt and Ganges in India and as Munster writeth in his cosmographie it waxeth of a little thing to a very great beast For his egges are much like unto goose egges but the young which cometh of them taketh increase to 16 or 18 cubits in length He liveth almost as long as a man his back is hard and full of scales he wants a tongue but hath

This pitchie earth is of two kindes For it is either Hard or Liquid The Hard is more strongly concreted then the other being like unto clods of the earth or coals Or as some affirm it is tough and moist at the first swimming on the water but being taken forth it waxeth hard Of this kinde is 1 Asphaltus 2 Pissasphaltus 3 Succinum Asphaltus is a black Bitumen hard like stone-pitch cleare and smelling scarce so ill as Pitch It is found throughout Babylon and especially in the lake Asphaltites neare unto which stood those cities of Sodome and Gomorrah that were consumed with fire and brimstone and where also do as yet grow apples which according to Solinus are fair and fresh without but within are full of Sulphur and being handled they fall all to ashes In which they are Emblemes of the vanities of this world alwayes seeming more then they are Pissasphaltus is said to be Mummie or a kinde of Bitumen somewhat differing from Asphaltus and is not seldome found in clods rolling from mount Ceravine to the Sea as authours witnesse In stead of this it is supposed that we have counterfeit Mummie often out of Syria Egypt and some other places which is taken from poore mens bodies that die there For in stead of Myrrhe Aloes Cassia c. which the rich men have in their burialls and embalmings the poore are dressed and stuffed up with Bitumen This therefore which is but counter feit is nothing else but a corrupted humour taken out of old tombes which there droppeth from embalmed bodies and most ridiculously in my opinion do they erre who say it is made of mans flesh boyled in Pitch It is hot in the second degree and good against all bruisings spitting of bloud and divers other diseases Succinum is a Bituminous suck or juice of the earth being hard as if it were a kinde of stone It is of three colours White Yellow and Black The White and Yellow are called Amber and the Black is Iet They make beads of Amber And some would have this Amber to be rather a gumme growing on a tree then to be a suck of the earth The tree by some is called Ibex Romana But as others report out of Dioscorides it falleth in manner of a liquour from Poplar trees into the riuer Po in Italie where it congealeth and becometh hard in that form as we see it Iet hath more plentie of fatnesse in it then Amber and therefore it will burn like a candle and smelleth like the Pine-tree It hath an attractive vertue in it to draw chaffe straws and such other light stuffe unto it especially if it be rubbed till it be hot And these are the kindes of Hard Bitumen The Liquid and soft is like an oyly moisture flowing and is of divers colours according to the varietie of the place but the white is said to be most precious And for the kindes the chief are these Naphtha and Amber of Arabia Naphtha is a liquid Bitume like unto chalkie clay or as it were the fat of Bitume whereunto if fire be put it kindleth in such wise that if a little water be cast thereon it burneth more vehemently And indeed it hath in it such a fiery force that it will draw fire unto it although it be farre off When it is found to flow out of rocks then it is called Naphtha Petreolum and by some taken for oyl In the island Sicilie are fountains from whence great store of this liquour floweth which they frequently burn in Lamps Amber of Arabia is Bitume of an ash colour and of a fragrant sweet smell desired and sought after as a most precious merchandise It is found in Arabia felix neare unto a town which is called Sichris Howbeit Olaus Magnus calleth that Amber which is Sperma Ce●… but then it is Ambergreese and rather the spawn then the seed 12. From Bitume I come to Alume which is said to be a salt sweat of the earth according to Plinie congealing it self with a glutinous earth and water It is either white or black The white is either cleare or thick The cleare is softer and fatter then the other This is Roch-Alume and if paper be washed with this it will bear ink very well although it be bad The thick is more hard and of a grayer colour Black Alume is found in Cyprus and with this gold is purified and purged They that desire more may reade Plinie in his 35 book at the 15 chapter 13. Vitriol is a suck of the earth concreted obtaining the perspicuitie of glasse some call it Cha●…canthum which word may signifie either Copperas or Vitriol This suck is very poysonous 14. Salt is called Sal à saliendo because when it is put into the fire it skippeth and dan●…eth It is a friable metall begotten of a waterish and earthie moisture mixt and decocted together the efficient cause whereof is the heat of the sunne and other starres who out of a salt matter drawing away the thinner and the sweeter parts leave the earthie still behinde which being throughly rosted by heat become salt For there be two things requisite in a salt savour The first are drie and earthie parts The other is an adustion of the said parts as Philosophers witnesse Salt hath force to binde to scowre and purge to disperse make thin and the like which thing Physicians can best declare There be 2 kindes Naturall and Artificiall The Naturall is digged Salt The Artificiall is made or boiled Salt Digged Salts are gotten either from the earth or from the waters as some distinguish Salts digged out of the earth be principally of foure kindes The first is Salt Ammonaick This is found in Africa under sand and is something like unto alume It is said to be hot and drie in the fourth degree and serveth to purge slimie humours Some affirm that that which Apothecaries sell in black clods is made of Camels stale and because store of Camels be in Armenia it is called Arm●…niack The second is Salt of Indie of which you may reade in Plinie lib. 31. cap. 7. that it is digged out of mount Oramene and that the King hath there a greater yearely pension or custome then out of gold and precious stones The third is called Salt-gem which is a kinde of glittering Salt white and shining after the manner of Crystall Sometimes it is also called stonie marblie Salt Salt Dacian or Sarmatick Salt The fourth is called Salt-nitre and this is that which we call Salt-peter found in drie places under ground and in hollow rocks Of this is made that fatall dust called Pulvis Bombardicus or Gunne-powder the invention whereof was after this manner A Germane Monk or Frier of the order of S. Francis whose name was Bertholdus Swart being very studious in Alchymie was one evening for the finding

some hot countreys having small dark leaves bearing berries which are of a binding nature and good to stop any issue of bloud This is a tender plant not able to endure any cold and as authours affirm it was wont to be worn of the Romane captains garland-wise in triumph namely then when they had obtained any victorie without slaughter of men Also in times past this tree was consecrated to Venus and thereupon I finde in Plinie that amongst the Romanes there was an altar belonging to Venus which they call by the name of Murtia The said author also affirmeth that before pepper was found out the myrtle berries served in stead thereof See Plin. lib. 15. cap. 29. Ebone is a tree growing in India and Ethiopia in taste being sharp and biting If it be burnt it yeelds a sweet smell the smoke whereof is not offensive but good against many diseases of the eyes as also the green wood is so full of sap and withall so fattie that it will flame like a candle Some have said that it bears neither fruit nor leaves but this is a false opinion as they have witnessed who have seen the tree and taken the true picture of it The outward parts are white but within it is black That which groweth in India is not in such estimation as the Ethiopian Ebone for it is spotted with white and yellow Sethim is a kinde of tree something like a White-thorn the timber whereof never rotteth Of this tree Noah according to Gods command made the ark as we reade in Genesis Palm or Date trees are both one This tree groweth plentifully in Egypt and other parts of Africa but those which are in Palestine and Syria are the best they grow likewise in most places of the East and West Indies The branches of this tree were wont to be carried as a token of victorie because they are of this nature viz. that they will shoot upward though oppressed with never so great weight neither do the leaves of it ever fall Elianus remembreth another propertie for saith he the report runneth thus that in Delus the Olive tree and the Date tree flourish most fruitfully which when Latona had touched she was suddenly disburdened of childe-birth whereas before she could not be delivered Elian. lib. 5. Also they grow by couples male and female but the female is onely fruitfull The Plane tree called Platanus is a spreading tree with broad leaves in times past it was greatly esteemed in Italie for the shadow thereof insomuch that as Plinie reporteth they often bedewed it with wine to make it grow The old Romanes were wont to banquet much under these trees And there is saith Plinie no greater commendation of this tree then that it keepeth away the sunne in summer and entertaineth it in winter We reade of Xerxes King of Persia that he was strangely enamoured on this tree having it in such singular admiration that he became a servant to it For in Lydia as Elianus writeth when Xerxes happened to see a tall and loftie fair Plane tree he made a whole dayes tarriance by it and no necessitie constraining him so to do he pitched his pavilions and tents in the void and emptie places round about the same He also hanged precious jewels of great value upon it adorning and beautifying the boughs and branches with chains of gold with bracelets and tablets with spangles and such like costly things yeelding thereunto great worship and reverence appointing also an overseer to keep preserve and defend the same from all casualties This was a strange crotchet and little or nothing the better was the poore tree for all this love and braverie Pepper whereof there are divers sorts groweth at the foot of other trees climbing upon them like to ivie and is in bunches like grapes Ginger groweth like young reeds with a root like a lilie it is plentifull in Malabar or Malavar a province in India intra Gangem Cinnamon is the inner bark of a tree as big as an olive with leaves like bay leaves and fruit like an olive the drying of the bark maketh it roll together Within three yeares the tree yeeldeth another bark as before They of Ormuz call it Darchini that is wood of China and selling it at Alexandria they call it Cinnamonium which is quasi Amomum ex Sina delatum Purch ex Garcia ab horto The Nutmegge-tree is like a peach or pear-tree and groweth most in Banda an island in Asia and in Iava The fruit is like a peach the inner part whereof is the Nutmegge which is covered and interlaced with the Mace For when the fruit is ripe the first and outermost part openeth as it is with our walnuts then the Mace flourisheth in a fair red colour which in the ripening becometh yellow Cloves grow in the Moluccos on trees like bay-trees yeelding blossomes first white then green afterwards red then hard and this hard thing is the Clove When they be green they yeeld the pleasantest smell in the world And as it is reported being ripe they are of such an extraordinary heat and drinesse that in two dayes they will suck out and drie up such vessels of water as shall happen to stand in the same room where they are These spices and drugs with many other are the fruits of India The Cypresse is a tree growing on drie mountains and most commonly in hot countreys It is very tall and the timber thereof is yellowish and of a pleasant smell especially being set neare to the fire and of such durable nature that it doth neither rot nor wax old nor yet cleaveth or chappeth it self See Plin. lib. 16. cap. 33 42. The Pine is a tree of the same nature not subject to worms or rottennesse and therefore much used where it groweth to make ships The leaves are hard-pointed sharp and narrow continuing green all the yeare and the shadow thereof will not suffer any plant to grow under it Cedar is a tall great tree which groweth in Africa and Syria many of them upon mount Libanus They be straight and upright like the Firre-tree their leaves are small thick and of a sweet smell This tree hath fruit on it all times of the yeare which fruit is like to that of the Firre Pine-tree but greater and harder and at this day as some affirm there are found upon mount Libanus Cedars planted by King Solomon the truth of which I will not stand to justifie Terebinth is a tree from whence Turpentine issueth Picea is a tree that droppeth pitch it groweth in Greece Italy France Germanie and all the cold regions even unto Russia It remaineth alwayes green like unto the Pine and by some is supposed to be a wilde kinde of Pine especially seeing the Pine affordeth Rosin Pitch and Tarre Yet some attribute Pitch to the great Cedar Rosin to the wilde

cap. 5. Smaradge Hyacinth What false friends are like unto Amethyst Aristotle affirmeth no lesse Carbuncle Calcedon Rubie Chrysolite Astarite Selenite A stone which follows the course of the Moon * The Indians therefore used to hang it about their necks Achates How Eagles keep their young from poyson l Plin. lib. 37. cap. 1. Sardius m Ibid. cap. 7. * It helpeth to stop fluxes and is g●…od ag●…st pyles in the fundament Iasper Topaz n Ibid. cap. 8. A stone that will suddenly cool seething water Emerald Opall Turcois A compassionate stone the reason whereof is shewed in Corrall Crystall Good against Laxes Corrall How it comes to passe that there seems to be compassion in a stone Bloudstone Loadstone * In his exercises against Cardan o Magir. Phys. where by experience he contradicteth Scaliger Asbestos Dendritis Galactites p Lib. 37. cap. 10. Amphitane A stone which hath po●…er to draw gold to it Androdamas Pli●… Ibid. Pansebastos Lapis Thracius Amiantus One patient in trouble what he may be likened unto These which follow are called metals of a more brittle nature * In Constantinople the Apothecaries and Druggists ●…ell of this ●…rth in cakes on which are stamped certain Arabian characters On the sixth of August it is digged forth at Lemnos with many ceremonies Earth of Lemnos Vermilion 〈◊〉 10. Bole Armoniack Good against the plague Oker Arsenick Red lead * Plin. lib. 33. cap. 7. Earth of Samos Good against spitting of bloud Chalk Fullers earth Brown Umber Lime-Chalk Black earth like our coals * Lib. 35. cap. 16. Bitumen Two kindes of Bitumen Hard Bitumen Three kindes of hard Bitumen Asphaltus Worldly vanities like to Sodome apples Pissasphaltus As having more pitch in it according to Pli●… lib 35. cap. 15. Mummie P●…ore folk are gl●…d of any thing Good against bruistes c. Succinum Amber Iet Soft Bitumen and his kindes Naphtha Water cannot quench this liquour Amber of Arabia Alume Lib. 35. cap. ●…5 Roch-Alume Harder Alume Black Alume Vitriol Salt Salt is either Naturall or Artificiall Salt Ammonaick Salt of Indie Salt-gem Gunne-powder and gunnes how invented and when * 〈◊〉 Vi●…gil saith he was making a medicine Lib. 2. cap. 7. de Invent. Polyd. Virg. lib. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 q Lib. 5. pag. ●…17 r Bombarda voca●… a bombo id est 〈◊〉 qui 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 B●…ch in 〈◊〉 * In the powder treason Anno Dom. 1605. Salt of Spain Salt not digged from under ground 〈◊〉 lib. 31. cap. 7. * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 about the ●…an se●… 〈◊〉 the breadth of a wain Boiled Salt Salts necessitie * The moon as in Job chap. 31. 26. * Greater then 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and ●…gger then the 〈◊〉 140 times according to 〈◊〉 * Or this Di●… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 magna 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Quia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 stell●… sunt 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 magis sentitur i●… istis 〈◊〉 ●…tiam 〈◊〉 sens●… major apparet Aquin. ex Chrys. Hom. 6. * In his He ●…met * Epit. Astron. lib. 4. Ty●…h in Epist ad 〈◊〉 * Plat●… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with other his followers see also Cic. de 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lib. 2. * Orig●… and his followers cap. 4. cap. 1. * Or A luce primava which was made in the first day in which see more Du Bart. * Wisd. 11. 22. † Lydiat Praelect Astron. lib. d●… Orig. Font. cap. 10. * Igneae sunt sive à ●…uce primaevae facta sic lux est essevtia stel l●…rum Ign●… 〈◊〉 non al●…ud qu●…m calor densatus sive 〈◊〉 compacta Pa●…ric * 〈◊〉 Matth. 24. 29. Mark 13. 25. Luke 21. 26. * Ger●…rd loc 〈◊〉 ●… pag. 〈◊〉 * But how it is a qualitie see afterwards * Observe this difference because light commonly taken is said to be a qualitie 1. Cor. 15. 41. The ☽ The Macul●… l●… * Cap. 10. quest 7. A reason of the Sunnes dancing * See Seal Exer. 63. Goclenius Disput. Phys. Pr●…fat in lib. Scho●…eri de juaiciis nativit The Starres are causes as well as signes * Hoses 2. 21. * Du Ban. * Chap. 5. Sect. 2. Parag. 4. Artic. 1. † How our mindes do sympaih●…se with the body see in the 2 day Chap. 5. Sect. 2. Parag. 4. Artic. 1. prop●… 〈◊〉 † ●hirons lib. 5. Hyparius Method Theol. lib. 2. a Pr●…fat in lib. Ioh. Sch●… de judici●… Nativ b Sir Christopher Hey don * Act. 7. 22. Dan. 1. 17. The natures of the starres may be known The signes of heaven must not be abused Spring † Or thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ●… Partly out of Du Bart. Summer Autumne Winter † A cup of good wine * Which in Latine is Pl●… * Joh. 11. 9. Midnight Sun-rising † Which in them or all within the Parenthesis though it be here inserted is meant of the artificiall day * Lib. 2. cap. 77. Noon Evening † Which is but an uncertain supposition * Which they suppose to be the place it was first let in when it was made The naturall beginning of the day is from sun-setting Gen. 1. The Whale * Dr. Will. on Gen. Munst. Cos●…og 〈◊〉 Mag. lib. ●…1 * Idem Ibid. The love of the Balaena towards her young ones An instruction from the Balaena 〈◊〉 carefull parents Ambergreese comes from the Whale The vertues of this Amber How to know whether it be without sophistication How to know whether it be without sophistication * Lib. 9. ca●… 62. See also 〈◊〉 Hist. de 〈◊〉 lib. 10. cap. ●… 〈◊〉 de i●…dust 〈◊〉 The great whale is beholding to the little Musculus An embleme drawn from the Whale and Musculus shewing that the me●…nest ought not to be contemned * Pl●… lib. 9. 〈◊〉 6. The Ork dares ●…ght with the whale The Sword-fish The Sawfish The Unicorn of the sea The Sea-elephant An embleme drawn from the Sea-elephant concerning sleep in sinne The Crocodile A dissembl●… like unto the Crocodile 〈◊〉 * Aelian var. hist. lib. 1. An embleme from the dog and Crocodile How we ought to use pleasure The Sea-hog The Swam-fisk Covetous cormorants like to the Swam-fisk The Sea-horse The Sea-cow and calf The Tortoise * Concerning which fish see Elian also Var. Histor. lib. 1. The Mermaids and Mermen * Plin. lib. 9. cap. 5. Olaus Mag. lib. 21. cap. 1. Hist. Nether lib. 2. pag. 116. Alex. ●…b Alexand. lib. 3. cap. 8. Genial Dier●…m A storie of a Sea-woman * Petit. transl by ●…d Grimston * Lib. 9. cap. 5. Another Hog-fish The Pontarof The Shark The Dolphin Du 〈◊〉 What may be thought of A●…ions storie * 〈◊〉 The Dolphin is loving and kinde A storie to the same purpose The Sea-fox The chaste Cantharus * Hist. animal lib. 1. cap. 26. The Mullet The Sargon * Hist. animal lib. 1. cap. 23. An embleme against adulterie Alcia●… Emb. A fish with wings It affords a 〈◊〉 embleme concerning thriving Harm watch harm catch The Remora The Torpedo The Barble Against ●…nesse