Disease the Manner of its Invasion and the Signs which generally accompany it Secondly To describe the Part affected whether mediatly by being influenc'd from another or immediatly by the Residence of the Morbific Cause within its self Thirdly The Causes of every Distemper both Radical and Occasional Fourthly What Prognostics we can have of the Event of every Distemper And Fifthly To subjoyn the Method of Cure both General and Special the Nature of the Remedies whether Simple or Compound Universal or Specific Together with Historical Cases and Practical Observations applied to every Disease But some things are necessary to be premis'd before we launch into the Practice Whoever would understand it thoroughly must be well acquainted with the Principles of Chymy and Mechanicks The former are serviceable in explaining the Vital Functions of the Body and the latter in the Animal Musculary Motion For Nature has acted Geometrically in framing our Bodies as well as in every thing else The remaining Preliminary Principles that a Student ought to know before he Commence the Practice of Physic are briefly couch'd under the following Heads SECT I. Of the General Vertues of Med'cines AS the Oeconomy of Man's Body is only explicable by the different Forms Sizes and Various Combinations of the Minute Particles of which every Body is compounded according to the Principles of Mechanism So the Vertues of Medicines may best be deduc'd from the same Cause Especially since Occult Qualities are now hiss'd out of Doors and the four first Elementary Principles of Cold Hot Dry and Moist are more Imaginary than Real This Particular Disposition and Texture of Parts that entitles all Medicines to their Respective Specific Qualities is Originally owing to the Seed and may properly be call'd the Seminal Disposition As for Example Scurvygrass is a Specific against the Scurvy not because it is Hot or enjoys such an Occult Quality but because it enjoys such a Texture of Parts that makes it a subtil penetrating Body fit for altering and subduing the Acid Scorbutical Matter Now its precise Seminal Vertue is not Common to all its Parts but peculiar to a sharp Volatil Salt couch'd within its Body that actuates the other Earthy Particles And indeed the Various Exaltation or Depression of Acid or Alcali Salts is the distinguishing Character of all their respective Textures because the Saline Particles are more active and produce more Notable Effects than any of the rest tho 't is probable all of 'em Originally may have sprung from Water Thus such Med'cines were by the Ancients accounted Hot as by their sharp pointed Particles affect the Tongue and Palate the same way as Fire is wont to do or by Vertue of a Volatil Oily Salt dissolve the Mass of Blood and augment its Fermentation Those of a contrary Vertue they styi'd Cold Such are all Acid or Nitrous Medicines Those they call'd Dry which either drink in the moisture of the Body as Burnt Harts-horn c. or open a Door for its Passage as all Sudorifics Those Moist that either supply moisture as all Nourishing and Liquid Things or give a stop to its Consumption as Quieting Pacific Medicines All Med'cines fit for Conquering a prevailing Acid or Alcali in the first Passages were by the Ancients call'd Aperitive I choose rather to Christen 'em Alterative If they are Anti-Acids they perform their Task by imbibing the peccant Acid as Steel and all Earths or qualifying its sharpness as Oily fat Medicines or fermenting with it so as to work it into a Third Compound as all Ascali's both Fix'd and Volatil If their business be to conquer Alcali's they reduce the Bile or any other Vicious Alcali to its true Temperature by opposing themselves to their Extremes For 't is the Disproportion'd Mixture of the Juices in the first ways that destroys the Natural Fermentation of the Blood and is the Source of all Chronical Distempers commonly but falsely imputed to Obstructions And all remedies capable of reducing them from either Extreme are what I call Alteratives in General But are distinguish'd by several particular Names corresponding to their special Qualities As those of an Oily Mucilaginous Body and free from any Predominant salt are call'd Softening Suppurating Expectorating Incrassating Anodyne c. Opposite to them are the Astringents of a Styptic Austere Body Compounded of Earth and an Acid Salt which thicken fluid humors and eontract the fibres of the Parts as Allum c. Those that are most Famous for making head against Acids are sometimes term'd Febrifuga's by reason of their Noted Vertue in Intermitting Feavers and sometimes Vulnerary by reason of their healing Vertue Such as have a sharp penetrating Salt whether Acid or Alcali are Attenuating Discussing c. Those endow'd with a Volatil Oily Salt a piercing Smell and a grateful Taste are Aromatic Carminative Cephalic c. and are commonly us'd for Cordials Those of a Volatil Salt apt to dissolve the Mass of Blood are Diuretic Sudorific and Alexipharmacal These are the General Classes of all remedies us'd in Physic Such of 'em as are more Universal and Answer more Indications are to be most esteem'd As Opium Sal volatile Oleosum and the fix'd Sulphurs of Minerals and Mettals which are all useful in an infinity of Cases and are upon that account Entitled to a preference before others of a narrower extent SECT II. Of the Vital Functions of the Body HAving touch'd upon the Vertues of Medicines and their manner of Operation the next thing is to consider the Subject or Body upon which the Operation is perform'd It s structure presents us with some gross material Parts and some more subtile and active which serve to inform and actuate the other The former represent the External Fabric of an Ingenious Machine the latter the Internal Wheels and Springs of Motion The Ancients imagin'd our grosser part to be compounded of the four first Elements but without either Reason or Experience I deny not but that there are such things as Water Earth and Air which make up the greatest part of our Terraqueous Globe but I doubt much if they and fire are the first and simplest Ingredients of all Compounds Indeed as to Water I do not dispute the point Thales and Helmont have clearly made it out that all things consist of Water But as for fire the Modern Experiments do sufficiently prove that 't is nothing else but a division of the smaller Particles of fat Acids such as we call sulphurous by means of the Air from whence heat and light must necessarily ensue We see that flame is only a further rarefaction of the same Particles that when more condensated appear in smoak and a little more Condensation converts smoak into soot and the Oyl of Soot which is a fat Acid differs from all the three as they from one another by a further or lesser degree of Rarefaction or Condensation Thus the Various Conjunction Separation or Transposition of the same Minute Particles is the Original of the
with the latter If ye dissolve Quicksilver in Spirit of Nitre the Acid of the Spirit fixes the Mercurial Alcali so that it remains at the bottom when ye draw off the Spirit But if ye throw common salt into it the Mercury precipitates which by separation and sublimation yields a Powerful Corrosive But after all 't is certain that liquid Mercury cannot be Coagulated but by Acids For Alcali's and Urinous salts restore it to its Natural freedom Cinnabar is a mixture of Mercury with an Acid Sulphur that fixes it Now if ye add salt of Tartar Urine or the like it disengages the Mercury and brings it to life again The Common Mercury of the Shops is not this Genuin Alcali that I 've thus describ'd but Adulterated with Sulphur It being liquid is apt to mix with an Acid so that we never find it pure This Acid Sulphur is the hidden cause of Salivation it attenuates and dissolves the viscid stubborn humors and evacuates them by the Salivary Glandules While the Mercurial Alcali absorbs the most fix'd Acids in the Body that wou'd not yield to any other Medicine Crude Mercury is a mild enough Medicine at least its sharpness is so insensible that it seldom procures either Stool or Salivation at first I prescrib'd Crude Mercury to a Woman subject to the Iliac Passions that had been constipated for a long time I order'd her three Ounces to be drunk with her other liquors and continu'd the use of it â—ill she had four and twenty Ounces in her Body It produc'd no sensible effect till the fourth Day that she began to spit and the viscid humors that the Mercury had attenuated were Copiously voided by stool Thus Crude Mercury is inoffensive with regard to the solid parts It does not irritate either the Stomach or Guts to contract themselves and cast out what they contain But only attenuates the viscid humors that block up the Passages and prepares 'em for a spontaneous Evacuation To return to Mercurial Vomits Mercury being of it self uncapable to provoke the Stomach must be mix'd with an Acid in order to become Emetic The more it partakes of the Acid the more fiercely it operates If the Acid Spirit in which 't is dissolv'd be drawn off with a gentle fire and but once 't is a dangerous Medicine and scarce fit to be us'd But if the Acid be sufficiently taken off either by a greater force of fire or reiterated Destillations it becomes milder The mixture of the Acid and the Mercurial Alcali make a Vitriol-like Concrete which provokes Vomiting and moves the Belly for all Cathartic Medicines taste like Vitriol The best Emeric of all the Mercurial Family is Turbith Mineral There are two ways of preparing it The first was invented by Crollius and 't is this Take half a Pound of Mercury and Infuse it in a Pound of Rectify'd Spirit of Sulphur Draw off the Spirit with a strong fire and repeat the Destillation thrice The fourth time add a little fresh Spirit and continue to draw it off till the bottom of the Retort and the Sand become Red hot Then take out the white Mass or Caput Mortuum and infuse it in Rain Water or some Distill'd Water Let it stand and digest till it sweeten that is till all the sharpness of the Water be gone Thus the white precipitat becomes yellow Put this yellow precipitat into a Glass with a long Neck and let it stand for digestion over a fire of Ashes for eight Days that so the resiâ—ue of the Mercury if any there be that is not fix'd by the Acid may be sublimated in the Head of the Glass Then take the Powder that lies at the bottom and kindle fresh Spirit of Wine thrice upon it Here the Spirit of Sulphur is prefer'd to that of Vitriol which generally retains some of its Mineral Particles and by Vertue of their motions if it stand any considerable space of time grows muddy and hot Spirit of Salt and Nitre are two extremes from which that of Sulphur seems to be equally remov'd Therefore Crollius prefer'd it to all other Acids He chose Distill'd Waters for sweetening the Precipitate because Common Water is already Loaden with Salt and therefore unfit to charge it self with Foreign Salts This Turbith Mineral ought not to be given in Powder lest it offend the Gums and Palate Bolus's and Pills are Convenient forms Take of Crollius's Turbith Mineral five Grains Venice Triacle as much as sufficeth to make a Bolus Or Take the same quantity of Turbith Mineral and with Juice of Spanish Liquorice reduce it to the consistence of Pills The other preparation of Turbith Mineral was first Communicated to the World by Mynsichtius 'T is as follows Take Corrosive Sublimat Mercury and dissolve it in Common Water then precipitate with the Oyl of Tartar per deliquium Take this precipitat and sweeten it often with a Distill'd Water or not Common Water and kindle Spirit of Wine upon it several times The Dose is from five Grains to six It is a very Powerful Medicine in all inveterat Distempers arising from an Acid. It absorbs the Acid Particles attenuates and evacuates the viscid humors Salt of Vitriol is a Nauseous Medicine and hurtful to the Stomac It s Emetic Vertue seems to proceed from the oar of Copper of which it partakes The Spirit of Sulphur and Chalybeat Minerals which are its other Ingredients are known to be no Vomits Vomiting ought to be avoided by those who are Subject to a Rupture by Child-bearing Women and such as are troubl'd with a down-falling of the Womb. CHAP. II. Of Purging Medicines THE Humors evacuated by stool are Convey'd to the Guts by the Passage of the Choler or that of the Pancreatic Juice or through the miliar Glandules inserted into the Coats of the Guts The Mesaraic Veins cannot cast forth any serum by reason that all secretion must needs be perform'd by Glandules Our Purging Medicines are all prejudicial to the Stomac except Aloe and Rhubarb They are endow'd with a certain Virulency that offends our Constitutions and do equally assault both the Noxious and Nourishing Juices If they do not meet with Corrupt Humors they make a prey of the good ones Accordingly we see that they weaken the Body disorder the Spirits and sometimes produce very dismal effects Which obliges us to add Correcters to qualify and cicurate their Malignant Qualities The Animal Family produces no Purgatives The Vegetable Boasts of a great many which are all endow'd with a sharp Volatil Salt mix'd with a viscid Oyl Fix'd Salts are the most proper Correcters of Vegetable Purgatives by reason that they open the resinous Textures and remove the offending viscidity Sometimes Fermentation produces the same effect The Mineral Purging Medicines consist of a sharp Vitriolic Sulphur which is admirably Corrected by adding Nitre They all compass their end by twitching and vellicating the Coats of the Guts or the Orifices of the Choleric and Pancreatic Passages or by
Back under the short Ribs The Vomiting of Atra Bilis is fatal as likewise a Voiding of Blood any way in the Small Pox Measles or other Eruptions If the Piles succeed to Vomiting 't is a good sign as also if it come by Intervals in Splenetic and Chronical Diseases If it be Critical all is well The Cure consists in removing the Causes diverting the Blood from the Stomac fortifying the broken Vessel attenuating and throwing off what is already extravasated Blood-letting in the Arm or Leg or opening the Hemorrhoid Vessels must be premised in Cases of Ploethora's or Suppressions of Blood As for Astringents the Syrup of the Juice of Comfrey Roots and Plantane Leaves not clarify'd mix'd with Sugar is recommended by the Honourable Mr. Boyle and mightily esteem'd in England Water of Nettles mix'd with Spirit of Vitriol is extoll'd by Hartman and several other Authors Or Take of the Conserve of Roses two Ounces Prepared Bloodstone a Dram and an half Adstringent Crocus of Steel that is Vitriol of Steel dissolv'd in Water and precipitated with Oyl of Tartar per deliquium a Dram white Henbane-seeds two Scruples with Syrup of Purslain make an Electuary Take a convenient quantity of the Earth of Vitriol of Steel well calcin'd and dulcify'd dissolve it in Spirit of Salt draw off the Spirit in a Fire of Sand till the residue come to the consistence of Honey Upon which digest Rectify'd Spirit of Wine for some time and strain the Tincture for use Take of Plantane and Tormentil-water of each an Ounce innamom-water and Vinegar of each six Drams Prepared Red Coral half a Dram Troches of Amber a Dram seal'd Earch half a Dram Mummy six Grains Laudanum Opiatum one Grain Syrup of Comfrey one Ounce Make a Potion If the Breast be perplex'd the Pulse weak Respiration difficult the Stomac blown up the Face Pale and liable to sudden Flushings and the Person apt to swoon 't is a sign that the Blood is congeal'd in the Stomac In which case Crabs Eyes Coral and Diaphoretic Antimony and especially Sperma Coeti are proper After the stagnating Blood is attenuated the remaining Clots may be carried off by Rhubarb or a Gentle Vomit If the obstruction of the Spleen occasion the recoyling of the Blood in the Vas Breve upon the Stomac Chalybeat and opening Remedies are most convenient Externally apply Treacle with Saffron and Vinegar of Rasberries to the Stomac SECT VII Of Pains of the Stomac SOmetimes the Breast or the whole Cavity reaching from the Mouth of the Stomac to the Midriff Liver Spleen and Sweet-bread is siez'd with a Prodigious Uneasiness and Confus'd Pain causing the afflicted Person to toss up and down the Bed This we call Anxiety If this Pain be particularly fix'd to the Pit of the Breast attended by a seeming Compression with a sense of Biting and Gnawing 't is call'd Cardialgia or Pain in the Stomac The former is wandring arising from the least irritation and is fitly resembled by the Anxiety following the Assumption of a Vomit The latter is fix'd arising from a Convulsive Contraction and is of the same Nature as the Pain we are afflicted with when we swallow any thing too hard or overbulky All Anxieties excepting such as arise from Suffocation or the disturbance of respiration are owing to the Constriction or uneasiness of the upper and more sensible Orifice of the Stomac as appears by their following the assumption of a Vomit attending Hysteric Constitutions and being abated by Belching their Accompanying Agues and Disappearing after Vomiting and their being caus'd by Eating of heavy Suppers The blame is usually cast upon the Heart but very unjustly for the Heart is an indolent muscle and if it be irritated is siez'd with Convulsions or what we call a Palpitation which does not Accompany Anxieties of the Breast The Remote causes are sharp Poysonous things taken into the Stomac Corrupt Food Wind Vicious Humors or Foreign ferments Translated thither Inflammations and such like disorders of its Membrans Convulsions of the Nerves or Adjacent Parts and in a Word whatever provokes the Mouth of the Stomac to Contract it self Anxieties are usually Companions to other Diseases whose peculiar cure must be taken care of In General Aromatic Discussing Ingredients together with Vitriol and Nitrous Medicines are very proper The Pain of the stomac was by the Ancients call'd Cardialgia by reason of the frequent Swoonings Prostration of strength and Cold sweats that attend it tho in the mean while the Heart is not at all afflicted The left Orifice of the Stomac is its seat as being the most sensible tender Part of the whole Body richly stor'd with Nerves that maintains a near Corrâ—spondence with all the Nervous systeme This Pain is caus'd by the Preternatural fermentation of the Bile and other vicious Juices 't is attended by Inflammations sometimes 't is seated in the back of the stomac and sometimes glides along the Gullet to the very shoulders or resembles the Compression or Squeezing of the Throat The remote causes are whatever offends the left Orifice of the stomac or provokes it to Contraction Nephritic Pains Contorsions of the Backbone Depression of the Cartilago Ensiformis Stones in the Gall Bladder or Duodenum Tumors in the Mesentery and Sweetbread Hysteric Passions and Suppression of the terms may occasion it by consent The Boyling of the Juices in the first Passages In Intermitting feavers frequently produces this symptom which is remov'd by Clysters Wind in an empty stomac an Acid viscid matter gnawing and piercing the upper Orifice which generally quickens about an hour or two after Eating Green or Rusty Bile Tinctur'd with a Corrosive acid from the Sweetbread Corruption or Acidity of the Victuals Tumors Stones or Ulcers in the stomac assumption of sublimat Mercury Arsenic Coagulation of Milk or new Cheese in the stomac occasion'd by its mixture with an Acid Worms in the stomac swallowing of Leeches cur'd by salt Water pieces of Glass Pins c. Are frequently the Authors of the same disorder Sometimes it is Periodical according to the successive return of its causes The Symptoms of Anxiety and Pain of the Stomac are an Inexpressible sort of uneasiness about the Pit of the Breast unquietness tossing difficult Respiration and Swooning usher'd in by Giddiness and follow'd by cold Sweats and a pale Chilness in the Outward Parts If the Pain seize the bottom of the Stomac it ought to be carefully distinguish'd from the Cholic by observing if it creeps upwards or descends to the Loyns and Kidnies If it accompanies other Diseases or comes by it self the former are signs of a Pain in the Stomac the latter of the Cholic If Anxiety and Pain of the Stomac proceed from Worms or Wind it is not very dangerous tho the Symptoms may seem dismal To children it prognosticates Epilepsies and to Adult Persons Chronical Diseases If it arise from curdled Milk or a green rusty sharp viscous humour 't is dangerous If it owe its being
those from an internal Cause from others externally occasion'd 2. Notwithstanding the Clamors of some Authors Narcotics are very proper especially in the beginning but they ought to be mixt with convenient Specifics and given in very large Doses for Persons under this Disease can bear Opium wonderfully 3. In malignant Dysenteries laxative Medicines are very nocive but in benign ones they 're approv'd in the beginning if the Constitution of the Patient be Cacochymical or if the Dysentery proceed from Summer Fruits Rhubarb and Whey are fittest for this purpose but Narcotics ought to be mix'd with 'em and likewise exhibited by themselves both the preceding and following Nights 4. Vomits are very dangerous yet if the Chyle be corrupted and the Stomac much oppress'd if the Person vomit easily and have sufficient Strength to undergo the Tryal they may be ventur'd on But withal in a malignant Dysentery they are absolutely noxious unless an over-violent Purge or Poyson have occasion'd it 5. Sudorifics are always proper in Epidemical Dysenteries and ought never to be omitted They are much preferable to Purgatives or any other Medicines whatsoever 6. Astringents are very offensive at first After the use of gentle abstergent Laxatives in benign and that of Alexipharmacal Sudorifics in malignant Dysenteries they may be given in the declension of the Disease but not before 7. Blood-letting is to no purpose in most cases Nay even in the case of a suppression of the Terms it ought to be cautiously attempted if the Dysentery be malignant 8. All Clysters whatsoever tho never so softening irritat the Guts in some measure and promote a Tenesmus upon which account they ought to be very cautiously and sparingly us'd They are most proper in the declination of the Disease when the great Intestines are affected or stuff'd with sharp Humors and when the Dysentery is benign 9. A peculiar regard must be always had to the Stomac whose good or bad Condition alone stamps a hopeful or desperat Character on a Dysentery Warm Wine moderatly us'd is proper for this purpose 10. The Feet and external parts ought to be kept warm for the least Cold or the drinking of any cold Liquor revives and exasperats the Disease 11. There 's nothing so conducive as Rest and Quiet They ought not to stir from their Beds nor move when they are in ' em 12. Venery is oft-times a Sovereign Cure for a Dysentery From what is premis'd we may infer the Indications for Cure viz. To put a stop to the Irritation of the Intestins and repair the loss they 've sustain'd to purify the Blood and separat the preternatural ferment As for the particular Medicines answering these ends we shall first run over the Specifics peculiar to this Disease In which Class the Pizzle of a Whale leads the Van next is a Staggs Pizzle They are never pounded but only shav'd As Take of the shavings of a Stags Pizzle two drams Hysteric Laudanum nine Grains make a Powder for two Doses Take of the Decoction of a Whale's Pizzle a Pound and a half Cinnamom-water an ounce Syrup of Coral two or three ounces Make a Julep of which let the Patient take a Draught over Night They may be mix'd either in Powder or Decoction with other specific and common Ingredients of which more anon The next Specific is Hartshorn Its Decoction with Burnet is commended by Riverius for ordinary drinking It s Gelly may be mix'd with the Gelly of Stags Pizzle and dissolv'd in any Liquor Or thus Take of the Decoction of the shavings of a Stag's Pizzle a Pound Gelly of Hartshorn six drams Cinnamom-water six drams Syrup of Comfrey an ounce Make a Julep Next in order are the shavings of the Scull of a Man that dies a violent death given to a dram the Moss of the Scull given to a scruple the Powder of a Sea-horse Tooth or Unicorn's Horn given to a dram Oak Berries Misselto of the Oak The Powder prepar'd from Elder-berries call'd Tragaea Granorum Actes baken up anew with Hairs-blood and Stag's Pizzle and fresh Juice of the Berries the blood of a Hare kill'd by Dogs given in Powder to a dram or by way of Infusion a Clour soak'd in it being infus'd in Ale or ordinary Drink the Blood of a Lamb Kill'd after frighting us'd after the same method the dry'd Livers of Serpents and Vipers given to a Scruple Crystal the Livers of Green Frogs an Apple excavated and fill'd with Wax and Gum Arabic and so Roasted or rather a Quince with the same Ingredients Roasted the Dung of a Dog fed with Bones given to a Dram in Steeled Goats Milk the Pouder of Horse-hoof given to a Dram Satyrium Roots by way of Infusion the Decoction or Pouder of Cork Wallnut-Catkins given to a Dram in Pouder Tormentil Rob of Sorbe Apples Mineral Unicorn Dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol taken from the Vitriol of Steel Sulphur and its Flowers Ashwood given to a Dram in warm Wine and Allum of which Four or Five Grains are given with Cinnamom very successfully Thus far the most Noted Specifics The Common Ingredients which we usually joyn to them are the Astringent Styptic absorbent and fat Oily Medicines recommended against Vomiting Loosenesses and the Cholera Goats Milk in the beginning of the Disease is a good Abstergent and towards the end Cows Milk Consolidats and Heals Chalybeat Milk with Comfrey and Tormentil Roots or the shavings of Stag's Pizzle or Rice or Yelks of Eggs and Juice of Ivy boyl'd in it is of excellent use The Essence and Syrup of Comfrey the Extract of Venice Treacle or that of Tormentil given with Laudanum Opiatum at Night in Pills The Spirit of Venice Treacle Camphoris'd The Tincture of Coral Prepar'd with Spirit of Sassafras The Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol The Styptic Liquor Prepar'd from Seal'd Earth and Spirit of Nitre call'd Liquor Aureus The Tincture of Blood-stone Myrrh and its Essence Amber and its Troches Sugar of Lead a Noted Specific The Tincture Extracted from the Earth of Gold Mines by Spirit of Salt These I say are all Common Ingredients A few Receipts shall serve for Examples In a Benign Dysentery if it be Convenient either in the Beginning or Declension to Purge of which we must be very cautious Let Laudanum Opiatum be exhibited over Night then in the Morning take of Diascordium a Dram Rhubarb two Scruples Laudanum Opiatum two Grains With Syrup of Quinces make a Bolus to be Reiterated Or Take of Plantan Water an Ounce Powder of Rhubarb a Dram Laudanum Opiatum a Grain With Syrup of Quinces make a Potion In a Malignant Dysentery let Laxatives be omitted and prescribe thus Take of Hartshorn Prepar'd without fire a Scruple Diaphoretic Antimony half a Scruple Volatil Salt of Vipers five Grains Laudanum Opiatum one Grain Mix. Take of Mint Water an Ounce Spirit of Venice Treacle Camphoris'd two Drams Diaphoretic Antimony a Scruple Human Bones calcin'd half a Scruple Extract of Venice Treacle five Grains
can have admission This Dilatation is perform'd by the Air and Muscles The Midriff together with the Subclavian and Intercostal Muscles inlarge the Capacity of the Breast upon which there being no Vacuum the Air crouds into the Lungs and distends 'em to fill up the void space The Lungs being thus distended the blood empties it self into 'em and by vertue of the universal Salt of the Air its Mass is dissolv'd rarify'd volatilis'd and freed of its Steams This Admission of Air or Dilatation of the Lungs is call'd Inspiration And the Expulsion of it or successive compression of the Lungs forwarding the Blood to the left Ventricle of the Breast is stil'd Expiration the complex Action bearing the title of Respiration CHAP. I. Of Inspiration abolish'd or Suffocation SUffocation is a denying of admission to the Air. The Cause may relate either to the Passages thro which the Air is to pass or to the Lungs that are to receive it or to the Muscles that ought to dilate the Breast The Passages are embarassed by external Ligatures which if they be suddenly put on extinguish all manner of Sense in an instant by being fill'd with Water or drowning by Tumors and Inflammations in the Neighborhood of the Wind-pipe by swallowing bulky things that stick in the Gullet and press the Wind-pipe or bear down the Epiglottis by forcing things into the Wind-pipe by laughing or speaking in the time of eating by Hairs c. sticking to the Epiglottis and disturbing its motion or by a large Polypus in the Nose spreading its Branches to the Throat After strangling we endeavour to bring the Person to life by Blood-letting pouring down spirituous Liquors and rubbing the Joynts If the Suffocation is caus'd by being under Water we hang up the Person by the Heels that the Water may run out then apply a Toast soak'd in Spirit of Wine and exhibit Sudorifics or sometimes a gentle Vomit If any bulky thing stick in the Throat give 'em a blow on the Back and exhibit Oyl of sweet Almonds or Cassia If it stick in the Wind-pipe Coughing Sneezing and Vomiting will bring it up If a Bone stick in the Gullet let it be brought up by an Instrument or apply a suppurating Cataplasm or exhibit a Vomit A narrowness of the Passage caus'd by Aqua fortis is cur'd by the Mucilage of Quinces A sudden Suffocation affecting the Lungs immediately is caus'd by Narcotic Sulphurous Steams of New Wine or Ale new Plaistering Coal-Pits and other Mineral Fumes which destroy the Airy Spirit that should ferment the Blood and so cause its Stagnation in the Lungs and extinguish the animal Spirits producing Apoplexies Carus's and many dismal Symptoms For Cure let the Person be carried into free Air the Mouth open'd and Wind Artificially procur'd let a liquid Vomit mix'd with the Essence of Castor or apoplectic-Apoplectic-waters be thrown down the Throat Let Vinegar in which Castor is infus'd be exhibited by Spoonfuls If the Person be Plethoric open a Vein Apply outwardly Epithema's of Vinegar to the Scrotum and Testicles Blow Sneezing Powders into the Nostrils and rub the Temples and Nostrils with little Bags of Marjoram and Fennel-Flower-seeds infus'd in Vinegar Note Tho Vinegar be of admirable Efficacy against the Gas or Steams of Vegetables yet 't is not proper against a Mineral Gas Lastly The Causes of Suffocation relating to the Muscles of the Breast are their Paralytic Apoplectic Condition or Convulsions of the Larynx occasion'd by the Disorder of the Nerves of the Par Vagum and those of the Intercostal Branch as in the case of Hysteric and Hypochondriac fits Poyson or eating a sort of strangling Mushrooms Venery c. The Cure is perform'd by Essence of Castor Volatil Salt of Amber Camphyr Opiats and such Medicines as we use against Hysteric and Epileptic Fits Vomits Oxymel of Squills and Venice Treacle are Specifics against the poysonous Mushrooms CHAP. II. Of Inspiration deprav'd or difficult Breathing ART I. Of Asthma's AN Asthma is a frequent difficult Respiration attended by a perplexity in the Breast and sometimes a Cough and Snoring Sometimes 't is so violent that the Patient cannot breathe unless he stand upright and then 't is call'd Orthopnaeia The general Cause of all Asthma's is the Constriction of the Vesicles of the Lungs The particular Causes are various Some Asthma's are moist proceeding from vicious Matter provoking the Lungs and Wind-pipe to Contractions and frequently attended by coughing spitting and snoring tho not always Others are Dry occasion'd by the Convulsions of the Organs of Respiration or dryness of the Lungs without the influence of any deprav'd humor The Matter that gives rise to the moist sort is frequently lodg'd in the Stomac and first Passages and by distending them presses the Lungs and Diaphragm Hence wind and acid Crudities such as Hypocondriac or Scorbutic Persons are generally lyable to frequently cause a difficult Breathing in a Morning when they lye upon their backs in Bed Or after eating especially at Night or after Drinking Wine Dropsies also distending the Muscles of the Belly and Crouding the Blood with serum may occasion a difficulty of Breathing If the matter lodge in the Lungs 't is either Originally bred within 'em or transfer'd thither from other Parts If it be bred there it proceeds from the Depravation of the Nutritious Juice of the Lungs and Wind Pipe occasion'd by Mineral Steams or Vicious Air or the Viscidity and Sharpness of the Lymph that waters ' em For if their Nutritious Juice be perverted it degenerats into a tartareous hard or otherwise Noxious matter Imposthumes and Ulcers in the Lungs may also be reckon'd as Causes of this Kind of Asthma If the Peccant humor be not bred in the Lungs it proceeds either from serum thrown upon 'em or the Bronchia or Blood stagnating within ' em The former cause takes place sometimes in the Declensions of Feavers or when the Pores of the Body are stop'd The latter in a Redundancy of Blood Suppression of the Terms or Piles in Cachectic Persons whose Blood is Glutinous and Stuff'd with Crudities and consequently requires more time for Rarefaction in the Lungs in the case of sudden fear or Drinking of Cold Water immediatly after the Blood has been rarify'd by a Violent heat Any Acid matter that 's apt to Coagulat the Blood may also produce the same effect As for dry Asthma's They may proceed from a preternatural form of the Back and Breast or from Stones and Schirrus's in the Lungs But the more Notable Cause is the Convulsions of the Organs of Respiration especially the Diaphragm occasion'd by the disorders of the lower Belly as in Hysteric or Hypochondriac Fits the Contorsion of the Backbone Nephritic Arthritic and Gouty Pains Or in General any Acid humor irritating the Nerves whether in the Abdomen or Brain But especially in the Abdomen for the Nerves of the Par Vagum and those of the Inter-Costal Branch furnish both the Belly Breast and Neck
Juniper berries in Ale taken in order to sweat For Preservatives against the Influence of the Air we may anoint the Nostrils with the Distill'd Oyls of Anis Amber and Mace and snuff up the Powder of black Hellebor mix'd with Sugar and Oyl of Cloves 2. If an accidental dry Cough by continuance become moist and void slimy matter let a Vomit be first exhibited and then Opiats follow'd by Pectoral Vulnerary Prescriptions if the matter be lodg'd in the Breast and Stomachical Arematics if it lye in the Stomac The Pectoral Ingredients are Ground-Ivy Chervil Speedwell Scabions Elecampane Roots Coltsfoot and Sassafras The Stomachical are Mint Zedoary Elixyr Proprietatis c. 3. A wet Pectoral Cough is formally cur'd by Attenuating and Expectorating Ingredients interlac'd with Vomits or moderat Purges and follow'd by Vulnerary Medicines for healing the corroded parts The Attenuating Ingredients are Cuckowpint Roots the fresh Juice of Radishes given with Sugar the Decoction of Horehound or of Elecampane Gum Ammoniac Ground Ivy Hyssop Ginger Syrup of Tobacco Oxymel of Squills Hedg Mustard Spirit of Sal-armoniac Aniseeds and the Carminative Spirit de tribus given to forty drops thrice a day Take of Hyssop Water two ounces Speedwell Water an ounce Asthmatical Water half an ounce Spirit of Sal-armoniac a dram Syrup of Tobacco an ounce Mix c. The Vulnerary Ingredients are the flowers of Sulphur the Balsam of Sulphur Anisated given to fifteen drops in the yelk of an Egg twice a day Benzoin Poterius's Antihectic Diaphoretic Antimony and the Vulnerary Plants Take of Crabs Eyes and Flowers of Sulphur of each a Scruple Laudanum Opiatum a Grain Distill'd Oyl of Anis a drop make a Powder Take of the Herbs Speedwell Ground Ivy and Scabious of each a handful Chervil a handful and a half Shavings of Sassafras an ounce Boyl them in Water adding at last Bruis'd Corants two ounces Liquorice Roots an ounce And after 't is taken off the fire three drams of Cinnamon hung in a Bag. 4. A wet Stomachical Cough proceeding from a viscid matter in the Stomac is cur'd by exhibiting first Vomits then Purges mix'd with attenuating Ingredients As Take of the Pills of Hiera with Agaric fifteen Grains Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar half a scruple Extract of Troches Alhandal two Grains Distill'd Oyl of Anis two drops With Essence of Gum Ammoniac make Pills Sweet Mercury may also be added After Purgation it will be requisite to prepare the matter for Expectoration by attenuating Compositions and towards the end when the viscid matter is in good measure evacuated we may add the Syrup of Poppies As Take of Ouckowpint Roots a dram and a half Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar Mastic of each a Scruple Tartar Vitriolated half a dram With Sugar dissolv'd in Mint Water make Tablets Take of Hyssop and Mint Water of each an ounce Asthmatical Water six drams Cinnamon and Oxymel of Squills of each an ounce Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar of Squills two drams Dulcify'd Spirit of Salt as much as sufficieth Mix. Dose a spoonful now and then After the use of attenuating Medicines 't will be proper to strengthen the Stomac by Elixyr Proprietatis Essence of Elecampane Decoction of Zedoary Spirit of Sal-armoniac Essence of Saffron and Chocolat which is useful against all Coughs As Sage and Water Germander Leaves Flowers of Sulphur and Laudanum Opiatum mix'd with the Syrup Diacodium in the form of an Electuary are very convenient against all wet Coughs 5. Dry Nocturnal Coughs proceeding from the acidity and saltness of the Lymph are cur'd by Volatil Sudorifics mix'd with Opiats a Vomit being premis'd if it be needful The Volatil sudorifies are the Spirit of Sal-armoniac or the Spirit of Hartshorn succinated mix'd with the Essence of Opium Amber Myrrh Sylvius's Pills of Storax to which we may subjoyn the Incrassating Pectorals such as the Flowers of Sulphur given to a scruple in a Potch'd Egg Benzoin Sperma Ceti the Distill'd Oyl of Anis and Fennel the Syrup of Jujubes the Decoction of Rapes a very successful Medicine the Juice of Liquorice Purg'd from its Adulterating Ingredients by a Dissolution in Hyssop Water Gum Arabic Marshmallow Roots c. For Example Take of the Spirit of Sal-armoniac Succinated Tincture of Sulphur of each a dram Essence of Opium half a dram Mix. Dose forty drops to be taken two hours before Supper Take of prepar'd Amber half a scruple choice Myrrh and Volatil salt of Amber of each five Grains Extract of Saffron two or four Grains Laudanum Opiatum one or two Grains With the Essence of Sassafras make Pills to be taken two hours before Supper Take of the flowers of Sulphur Benzoin Prepar'd Amber of each half a dram Frankincense and Gum Arabic of each a scruple Extract of Saffron half a scruple Laudanum Opiatum three Grains With Sugar dissolv'd in Fennel Water make Tablets to be sprinkled with the Distill'd Oyl of Anis Take of Sperma Ceti a dram Flowers of Benzoin a scruple Myrrh and Volatil salt of Amber of each half a scruple Laudanum Opiatum four Grains Make a Powder for four Doses Take of the conserve of red Roses two ounces Poterius's Antihectic a dram and a half the flowers of sulphur and Powder Diaireos of each two scruples With Diacodium Make an Electuary Take of white Henbane seeds white Poppy seeds of each half a dram Frankincense and Myrrh of each a scruple Saffron half a scruple thicken'd Juice of Liquorice a dram Sugar of Marshmallows Prepar'd with the mucilage of Marshmallows half an ounce Gum Tragacanth dissolv'd in Rose Water a dram Laudanum Opiatum a few Grains Make small Tablets to be melted gradually in the mouth Take of the Conserve of Rosemary flowers Conserve of Betony flowers Conserve of Marygold flowers of each three drams Prepar'd Amber two drams Myrrh two scruples Benzoin and Frankincense of each a scruple With sugar dissolv'd in the Water of Wild Thyme Make Tablets and Spinkle 'em with the Distill'd Oyl of Amber Take of the Roots of Florentin Orris two drams Flowers of sulphur a dram Distill'd Oyl of Anis half a dram Distill'd Oyl of Fennel fifteen drops White Sugar three drams Make a Powder of which exhibit a dram twice a day Take of the Extract of sulphur Pulveris'd twelve Grains Extract of Saffron two Grains Choice Myrrh four Grains Laudanum Opiatum a Grain With the Essence of Amber Make Pills Take of Storax Extract of Liquorice Olibanum Myrrh and Laudanum Opiatum of each half a dram Oriental Saffron a scruple With the Syrup of white Poppies Make Pills This is the Composition of Sylvius's Pills of Storax which are of Excellent use in Nocturnal Coughs The Juice of Liquorice is frequently adulterated and do's more harm then good To prevent this Inconvenience 't will be requisit to prescribe always the Juice of Spanish Liquorice or at least to dissolve the ordinary Juice of Liquorice in Hyssop Water and Strain it before it be thicken'd that so the impure
in the Lungs and causes a plentiful evacuation of froth The slime that is also voided proceeds from the Glandules of the Wind Pipe which are provok'd to frequent Contractions by the Anxiety of the Breast and so separate large quantities of serum which accompanies the Air in Exspiration Besides the Pituitous Membran being straiten'd by this Anxiety Distills a viscous Lymph upon the Wind Pipe which helps to make up the quantity The remote causes of this stagnation which the Ancients erroneously miscall'd a Catarrh are 1. The redundancy or over-bearing Turgescence of Blood 2. The Viscidity of the Blood occasion'd by Crude Chyle 3. It s Coagulation caus'd by cold Air by an inconsiderat assumption of cold Water immediatly after great heats by fear or by the Influence of a Vicious Acid. 4. The accidental obstruction of the Lungs by Stones Excrescences c. The symptoms are a sense of weight upon the Breast difficulty of breathing danger of Choaking a very slow pulse and sometimes a Cough and a fatal evacuation of froth and slime 'T is distinguish'd from an Apoplexy by the difficulty of Respiration and lowness of the Pulse For Cure Blood-letting is absolutely necessary and ought to be perform'd betimes after which a sharp Clyster may be injected and scarifying Cupping-Glasses applied to several parts of the Body Then give Sperma Ceti to a dram in Hyssop Water Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar or its Spirit Prepar'd with Verdigris Saffron Volatil salt of Amber Spirit of Hartshorn Crabs Eyes Diaphoretic Antimony the Juice of the flowers of red Dasies and the Vulnerary herbs especially the Juice of Radishes are also very proper As for the Ligatures Frictions Cataplasms Plaisters Gargarisms c. recommended by the Ancients they are of no use as being only contriv'd in pursuit of their mistake assigning a Chimerical defluxion from the Head for the cause of this disease These three different sorts of choaking Diseases miscall'd Catarrhs ought to be carefully distinguish'd by reason that their Cures are so very different SECT XV. Of the accidents that disturb the transformation of the Chyle and fermentation of the Blood THE Chyle being separated in the Guts and convey'd thro' the milky vessels into the Conduit of the Breast joyns the Blood in the left Subclavian Vein and by vertue of fermentation is wrought into the same colour and consistence This Fermentation which for the most part assimilates the Chyle springs from the Vital Spirit and saline principle lodg'd in the Blood which is enliven'd and reinforc'd by the continu'd supplies of the air receiv'd in the Lungs For the Chyle is carried up to the Subclavian Vein in order to have a shorter passage into the Lungs where the mixt Composure of Blood and Chyle is dissolv'd and rarify'd the acid and urinous Salts are disengaged and render'd volatil which by justling and encountring each the other produce a notable Fermentation by virtue of which the Sulphureous and Volatil parts joyn together and are invested with a red Colour Besides the Chyle is tinctur'd with the Sulphur of the Choler in the Guts and so predispos'd to a likeness and easy union with the Blood This Transformation of the Chyle is not accomplish'd by one single passage thro' the Lungs but must be compleated by repeated Circulations along with the Blood Which truth is plainly made out by the Chyle or Milky liquor that swims upon Blood drawn forth four or five hours after eating So that the mass of Blood consists naturally of Chyle and Blood which being perfectly mix'd make up an univocal Homogeneous Liquor 'T is true the Ancients speak of four humours c. as being different ingredients of the Blood which they infer'd from the apparent unequal condition or the several parts of Blood drawn forth from the Body but that is owing only to its Corruption or alteration occasion'd by the Nitrous Salts of the Air. Upon which account all special predictions grounded on the external appearance of Blood are frivolous and uncertain This regular Fermentation and Assimilation is disordered by the defects of the Chyle or the Blood The former may be cast into three heads 1. When the Chyle is not sufficiently digested attenuated and volatilis'd in the Stomach 2. When it is not duely tinctur'd with the Oyly Sulphur of the Choler 3. When the Choleric or pancreatic Juices are tardy in separating its dregs The Latter into these 1. When the Motion of the Blood is rais'd beyond its natural pitch 2. When 't is depress'd and diminish'd 3. When its substance is adulterated The signs by which we descry a disorderly fermentation are the pulse and urine But they are oft-times fallacious For the pulse may be immediately influenc'd by the Animal Spirits without any dependance upon the fermentation of the Blood and the Urine may be disguis'd by drinking or the disorders of the solid parts imploy'd in that service The immediat cause of a disorderly fermentation of the Blood is the degeneracy of the Urinous and Acid Salts from their due proportion and harmony The remote causes are the various Contagious particles convey'd into the Body with the Air or any other vehicle antecedent losses of Blood disorders of the Bowels c. The Cure is perform'd by Saline Remedies calculated for the particular indisposition of the Blood and vary'd according to the difference of Temperaments Of which more above CHAP. I. Of Feavers in general A Feaver is a vicious fermentation of the Blood in which its temperament is deprav'd and the whole Body disorder'd The infinite variety of Feaverish ferments occasions a great many various depravations of the Blood But in general the formal Essence of all Feavers consists in a preternatural fermentation of the Blood occasion'd by a foreign ferment which sometimes immediately affects the Blood sometimes the Spirits and sometimes both at which time Nature indeavours to throw out the heterogeneous particles In order to make this appear let us Consider the following Remarks 1. That the eating of Summer Fruits frequently causes Feavers Now these are indow'd with a notable propensity to ferment 2. That Cold or what ever impairs the insensible transpiration produces the like effect Now the Vicious Salts thus imprison'd and overflowing in the Blood cannot affect it any other way than by creating a fermentation 3. That Feavers insue the inspiration of Contagious particles which naturally propagate by fermenting 4. That the Rotten Feavers mention'd by the ancients are only explicable by the Doctrine of fermentations for no living thing can be properly intitled to putrefaction unless by it be meant a turbulent confus'd motion proceeding from the dissolution of contrary Salts as that of Spirit of Vitriol and Oyl of Turpentin The Common Symptoms of Feavers are likewise vouchers for the fermentation that causes ' em These are commonly reckon'd four viz. 1. An alteration of the pulse 2. A Chilness shivering and shaking 3. Excessive heat 4. The Change of Urine both as to the Liquor and what it contains
from the preâ—ernatural fermentation of the Blood If a Continual Acute Feaver be attended by a Consumption or colliquation of the fat oily parts of the Body and a tendency to a Marasmus 't is call'd a Melting Feaver These oily far nutritious juices are voided either by stool in the form of stinking Excrements or by a cool glutinous Sweat or by copious quantities of Urine whose surface is cover'd with far or by falling into the cavity of the Belly or upon the Feet after a Hydropic manner The Causes of melting Feavers are the thin open texture of the nutritious juice and fat occasion'd by the want of a fixing congealing Acid The Acrimony of the Bile which sharpens and whets the Chyle and qualifies it for unlocking the Body of the nutritious and fat Juices the vehemence of dissolving Heat and the Caustic penetrating sharpness of the febrile ferment The remote causes are the epidemical Constitutions of the Air the immoderat use of Brandy or spiritous Liquors which over-whet the oily volatil Salt of the Choler the over-frequent smoaking of Tobacco and drinking cold Water after a violent heat The Scurvy and Cancer in the Breasts are oft-times listed into the number of the Causes These melting Feavers ought to be heedfully distinguish'd from that profluence of Sweat which proceeds from the deficiency of the Spirits the unbending of the Fibres and flagging of the looser parts as in swoonings c. Some continual burning Feavers are call'd Delirious when the Spirits move irregularly in the Brain causing doating insusterable Head-aches stubborn watching and sometimes Convulsions The cause is partly the heat of the Brain and Spirits occasion'd by the violent fermentations of the Blood and partly the malignity of the febrile ferment which debauches the quality of the Spirits and galls the membranous nervous parts If the malignant ferment break out in Pushes and Whelks in the Face Mouth or Head the Feaver is call'd Pemphygodes If the Person sweat copiously the first day of the Feavers invasion but without any ease or benefit 't is call'd Elodes If the Person be disquieted and toss in Bed 't is call'd Assodes This last symptom may be caus'd by weakness notable malignity vehement heat impetuosity of the Spirits and especially by vicious Humours disturbing the mouth of the Stomac If the Person be molested with a Hiccough which always proceeds from the Stomac 't is call'd Lyngodes If shivering and shaking attend the whole progress of the Feaver as it oft-times does in the suppurations of internal Ulcers and compound continual Feavers 't is call'd Phricodes Of all the compound continual or continual periodical Feavers that call'd Semitertiana is most worthy our regard 'T is generally look'd upon to be compos'd of a Tertian and Quotidian one of which is a Compound Continual and the other an intermitting Feaver Authors give several varying accounts of the periods of this Feaver but however 't is foâ— the most part cast into this form viz. A Continual Feaver seizes the Patient and periodical shiverings follow'd by a notable heat Observe the order of a Tertian and gentle shiverings succeeded by a meeker heat follow a Quotidian period The signs of Acute Feavers are manifest A notable Heat and Thirst always attends a burning Feaver 'T is usher'd in by a weariness of the Body and perturbation of the Head for some days then by a chilness and shivering which intimats that the volatil oily Particles have not yet obtain'd the ascendant over the Acid. Afterwards a notable heat succeeds the Pulse is frequent and accelerated and if the Salts of the Blood are equally match'd 't is large and equal if it be small or unequal it bespeaks malignity If the Salts of the Blood are very sharp and exalted a biting vehement heat molests the whole Body if they are temperat the heat is milder The Urine at first is thick red and dark in progress of time it discovers a Cloud on the top and upon the Crisis a copious sediment at bottom If at the height of the Disease the Urin be thin 't is a fatal sign If at first it appear thick and dark and afterwards degenerate into a thin consistence it portends unquietness doating and frequently Death But for making a due estimat of the Urine we ought to have a particular regard to the Constitution of the Patient For the Urine of those whose Blood is copiously temper'd with lymph and nutritious juice is never so high tinctur'd nor so thin as that of Bilious scorburic or Phthisical Persons Nor can those who sweat much void such large quantities of Urin and sediment as others The Spittle is glutinous and scanty attended by intolerable thirst watchings Head-aches c. Acute Feavers come regularly to a Crisis in hot Climats but in these Countries where we are wont to anticipate Nature by alterative Diaphoretic and absorbent Medicins they are not quite so regular Sometimes they spend themselves by gradual solutions by Urine Night-Sweats or Salivation As for the Prognostics of acute Feavers a sudden unaccountable Lightning or ease is a mortal sign If the Symptoms are extream high the Breast disturb'd and the Stomac queasy or molested with a gnawing Pain if in the beginning of the Disease a looseness happen attended by a notable prostration of strength and a 〈◊〉 corruption of the excrements in a word if any signs of malignity appear 't is a dangerous case Vomiting is a good sign If the Patient be somewhat benefited and not overweaken'd by a looseness 't is not so very dangerous Sometimes a melting Sweat in which red Sand-like matter is voided and found in the Bed may perform the Cure White Pale crude Urine is always a bad Omen The more reddish it appears at first the sooner the Disease comes to its height The Feavers that are occasioned by evident causes are more favourable than those whose cause is invisible If strength decay apace without any notable Evacuation Death is at hand If the Tongue be moist and of a natural red Colour all is well but if it be rough Dry Black Livid Slimy or Chop'd 't is in a bad Condition The swelling of the Face bespeaks the length of the Disease If the signs of Concoction appear the fourth Day the Feaver disappears the seventh if they are put off till the seventh the eleventh Concludes the matter The Crisis of the Feaver signifies the Period in which the useless and noxious parts are separated and expell'd sometimes by Ulcers in the Lips and Nostrils where the Skin is thin and Blood Vessels abound sometimes by a 〈◊〉 diffâ—sâ—d over the Body by Urine Sweating Salivation c. In â—ot Climats the Disease is sometimes Cur'd by Bleedings at Nose or other places The Bleeding at Nose is for the most part preceded by a tingling of the Ears If this Crisis be imperfect or disturb'd by an indiscreet use of absorbent fixing Medicines 't is follow'd by insufferable pains of the Stomac Guts or Joints and sometimes Palsies If a Physician
Vitriol contains in it some metallin Parts that are very offensive In the vegetable Province the clarify'd Juices of Acid Fruits are very proper and much preferable to the Syrpus such are the Juices of Citrons of Quinces of Barberries of red Corants c. The Juices of House-leek Purslain Plantain c. are likewise very useful Tamarinds are much approv'd by reason of their Laxative and Cooling quality As for the forms of Receipts prescribe as follows If there be any suspicion of a latent malignity let forty or sixty drops of the Bezoardic Tincture be exhibited in the beginning of the Disease Then Take of the Decoction of Harts-horn with the roots of Vipers-grass a pound fresh juice of Citrons two ounces Syrup of Water Lilly-flowers Syrup of white Poppies of each six drams dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre as much as sufficeth for a grateful Acidity Make a Julep Or Take of the Decoction of Harts-horn with the roots of Vipers-grass one Pound Juice of Barberries Juice of red Corans of each an ounce and a half Tincture of Roses Tincture of Violets of each a dram Syrup of the Juice of Citrons an ounce and a half Spirit of Sulphur as much as sufficeth for a grateful Acidity Mix for a Julep Or Take of Common Water a Convenient Quantity with a little Wine and as much of the Juice of Quinces as sufficeth for a grateful Acidity Mix c. Take of Borrage Water Bugloss Water and Water of Rasberries of each an ounce Cinnamom Water three drams fresh Juice of Citrons six or eight drams Confection Alkermes a dram and a half Syrup of Rasberries half an ounce Mix c. Take of the Conserves of Wood-sorrel of the Pulp of Citrons and of Clove Gilly-flowers of each an ounce Rob of red Corants six drams Confection Alkermes two drams with a sufficient quantity of the Syrup of Rasberries Make an Electuary The Decoction of the Roots and Leaves of Wood-sorrel mix'd with the Juice of red Corants and Syrup of Rasberries is a very palatable Liquor for quenching Thirst Extemporary Tinctures may be drawn from the Flowers of Dazies Poppies Roses Clove Gillyflowers Violets Golumbines c. with common Water or the Decoction of Harts-horn and Vipers-grass or red Poppy Water c. The Flowers being first sprinkl'd with Spirit of Sulphur or of Vitriol These Tinctures are of a pleasant red Colour for all blue Flowers when mix'd with an Acid Spirit yield a rutilant Tincture These Tinctures may be sweeten'd with Syrup of Rasberries or of Violets or of Iujubes and are sometimes joyn'd to the dulcify'd Acid Spirits and drop'd into the Patient's ordinary Drink Instead of Juleps or Tinctures some use the Decoction of Tamarinds as take of the Pulp of Tanmarinds from two to three ounces Boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Whey To two pound of the strain'd Liquor add Juice of Citrons six or eight drams Tincture of Dazy Flowers three drams Syrup of the Juice of Citrons an ounce and a half Mix and Exhibit for ordinary Drinking Whey is an admirable Drink for Feaverish Persons if purify'd by Juice of Citrons or Pulp of Tamarinds As Take of Whey two pound fresh Juice of Citrons three drams Flowers of Dazies and of red Poppies of each a handful and a half Let 'em boyl in a close Vessel till the Whey be impregnated with the Tincture Strain the Liquor and sweeten it with Syrup of Poppies or of Rasberries Next to the foregoing Medicines is Nitre which is universally approv'd by all Practitioners the preparation of it with Sulphur call'd Sal-Prunellae is of no efficacy but if the Crude Nitre be purified by some sharp Lye it proves an admirable Remedy Nitrum Antimoniatum which is a complication of Nitre with the Sulphur of Antimony may be given to a dram in their ordinary Drink three or four times a Day or in Powder together with Antihecticum Poterii Diaphoretic Antimony Mineral Bezoar or that call'd Joviale or Saturninum together with Harts-horn prepar'd without fire and the above mention'd absorbent Earths are all proper for mitigating the fermentation and promoting a gentle breathing Heat As Take of Rasberry Water two ounces Water of Vipers-grass and fresh Juice of Quinces of each an ounce Bezoardicum Joviale a scruple Syrup of white Poppies an ounce dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre as much as sufficeth Take a spoonful now and then Take of the Water of the Flowers of the Sloe-tree Water of Elder-Flowers and Dandelion Water of each an ounce Gelly of Harts-horn an ounce and a half Harts-horn prepar'd without fire a scruple Poterius's Antihectic and Diaphoretic Antimony of each twelve grains Syrup of Poppies six drams Mix and use as above In a Solid form they are prescrib'd thus Take of purify'd Nitre sixteen grains Poterius Antihectic Powder half a scruple Sugar of Lead five grains If a Delirium be fear'd or Malignity suspected add a grain or two of Camphyr Take of Nitrum Antimoniatum two scruples Chalybeat Diaphoretic Antimony half a dram Laudanum Opiatum a grain or two Mix for two Doses to betaken at Night in a convenient Vehicle Depurated Nitre or Nitrum Antimoniatum may be dissolv'd in their ordinary Drink after the rate of half an ounce in twenty four Hours Emulsions are next in order They are very proper for tempering the Bilious Salt and qualifying the acrimony of the Blood But they ought not to be too frequently or copiously us'd for that they weaken the Stomac and clog the Appetit Let 'em be mix'd with fix'd Powders Thus Take of sweet Almonds two drams Seeds of white Poppies a dram of the four cold Seeds of each a dram with Water of Wood-sorrel make an Emulsion To which add Diaphoretic Antimony and Mineral Bezoar of each half a dram Sweeten it with pearl'd Sugar and exhibit a spoonful now and then So much for Internal Remedies Externally some are wont to apply Cataplasms to the Palms of the Hands and soles of the Feet as in the case of Watchings Deliriums Pains c. Take of fresh Rue Leaves two or three handfuls Radish Roots slic'd in number two or three Salt a handful of the strongest Yest two ounces with Rue Vinegar make a Cataplasm to be applied as above The Juice of River Crabs may be applied in like manner or by way of Epithema to the fore-head When the Mouth and Head are much affected 't is not improper to open the Vein under the Tongue or the Vein in the Fore-head or to apply Leeches behind the Ears The application of convenient Liquids to the Fore-head and Temples is also not improper As Take of the Water of Dill or of Roses or of Elder Flowers or of Vervain two ounces Apoplectic Water half an ounce Philonium Romanum or Requiâ—s Nicolai or Triacle a dram Mix and apply it warm to the Fore-head and Temples with a Linnen Cloath Take of white Poppy Seeds two or three drams Henbane Seeds half a dram Water of Frogs spawn three ounces House-leek Water Night-shade Water and
grains or Laudanum Opiatum a grain or two Syrup of Carduus Benedictus an ounce Mix for two Doses in order to Sweat This is to be given in the beginning or increase of the Disease after the general Premises As likewise these following Take of Rue Water and that of Vipers-grass Roots of each an ounce of the Mixtura Simplex a dram rectify'd Spirit of Soot half a dram Syrup of Water Germander half an ounce Mix for two Doses Take of the Cordial Saxony Water an ounce Cinnamom Water half an ounce Spirit of Venice Triacle camphoris'd two drams volatil Salt of Harts-horn a scruple volatil Salt of Amber half a scruple Syrup of Clove Gilly Flowers half an ounce Mix and give a spoonful frequently when Delirium's are threaten'd Take of the Water of Carduus Benedictus Water of Goat Rue and that of Elder Flowers of each six drams Spirit of Venice Triacle camphoris'd a dram and a half volatil Salt of Vipers a scruple Diascordium two drams Syrup of Carduus Benedictus six drams Mix for two Doses Take of the Water of Vipers-grass Roots and that of Water Germander and Vinegar of Wine of each an ounce Venice Triacle two drams Diaphoretic Antimony two scruples Camphyr six grains Syrup of Rasberries an ounce Mix for two or three Doses If the Heat be violent exchange the Triacle for Diascordium Take of the Water of Carduus Benedictus and that of Water Germander of each an ounce and a half fresh Juice of Citrons six drams Venice Triacle a dram and a half mineral Bezoar half a dram Laudanum Opiatum a grain and a half Syrup of Mint dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre a sufficient quantity Mix for two Doses Take of the Conserve of Citrons and Conserve of Roses vitriolated of each an ounce and a half Rob of Juniper half an ounce Diascordium two drams Camphyr a scruple With Syrup of Citrons make an Electuary Take of Venice Triacle a dram Diaphoretic Antimony fifteen grains Salt of Wormwood half a scruple Mix for a Dose or two to be taken in Vinegar of Wine This is to be given in case of great Malignity When the Disease is further advanc'd towards the height volatil Sulphureous Medicines must be cautiously us'd As take of Fumitory Water three ounces Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire two scruples mineral Bezoar a scruple extract of Treacle six grains Syrup of Orange Peel three drams Mix for three Doses Myrrh may also be added Take of the simple Mixture six drams the Spirit de tribus distill'd from Antimony Sulphur and Nitre two drams Flowers of Sulphur a scruple Fumitory Water two drams Syrup of the Juice of Citrons an ounce Make a Potion for one Dose Take of Diaphoretic Antimony Cinnabar of Antimony of each half a scruple volatil Salt of Harts-horn four or five grains volatil Salt of Amber two or three grains Camphyr two grains Make a Powder I have seen the good effects of this Powder in the case of Delirium's and imminent Convulsions Take of Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire a dram mineral Bezoar two scruples seal'd Earth and mineral Unicorn of each fifteen grains laudanum Opiatum prepar'd by fermentation four grains Make a Powder for four Doses Nitrum Antimoniatum Poterius's Diaphoretic Gold solar and Jovial Bezoar volatil Salt of Vipers and Myrrh are proper Ingredients for the same purpose Take of Sennertus's Bezoardic Powder prepar'd Unicorn's Horn of each a scruple solar and Jovial Bezoar of each six grains Mix for two Doses Take of the red Powder of Pannonia fifteen grains Nitrum Antimoniatum twelve grains Poterius's Diaphoretic Gold five grains Make a Powder During the use of these or suchlike Alexipharmacal Prescriptions let Acid Mixtures be exhibited for quenching the Thirst and comforting the Spirits after sweating As Take two fresh Citrons slice ' em Add of white Sugar three ounces Vipers-grass Roots two or three drams Spring Water six pound Boyl them till two parts of three be evaporated and strain it for use Take of Mynsicthius his Decoction of Citrons a pound and a half Gelly of Harts-horn an ounce and a half Syrup of Cherries and Syrup of Rasberries of each an ounce with a sufficient quantity of the Juice of Citrons make a Julep Take of the Decoction of Harts-horn with the Roots of Vipers-grass one pound Tincture of Columbine Flowers and that of Piony Flowers of each a dram Syrup of the Juice of Citrons an ounce and a half Syrup of Rasberries six drams with a sufficient quantity of the Spirit of Nitre make a Julep The Syrup of Poppies in case of violent Heat is added with good success Take of the shavings of Sassafras six drams boyl them in Water to a pound and a half of the strain'd Liquor add two ounces of the Juice of Citrons an ounce and a half of the Syrup of Citrons and a sufficient quantity of the Spirit of Nitre to render it grateful Take of the Decoction of Tamarinds with Raisins a Pound Syrup of the Juice of Citrons Syrup of Rasberries of each an ounce with a little of the Spirit of Nitre make a Potion Sometimes the Confection Alkermes or Diascordium or Diaphoretic Antimony is dissolv'd in these acid mixtures During the time of Swearing some apply a little Loaf hot from the Oven the under Crust being par'd off and the Heart excavated and fill'd with Triacle and Wine thus they apply it to the Navel to attract the Malignity If the Patient bleed at Nose which is a fatal Symptom apply a dry Toad to the Arm-pits or take of Vervain Water three ounces Spirit of Wine Comphoris'd an ounce Opium five grains Make an Epithema for the Forehead which is also of use to prevent Head-achs and Delirium's If the Stomac be much disorder'd apply to it a Plaister of Tacamphac Balsam of Peru and Venice Triacle If the Throat and Palat be dry without a slimy Crust make a Gargle of fair Water Spirit of Wine rectify'd and Hony If a Looseness attend a malignant Feaver exhibit two scruples of the red Powder of Pannonia or Venice Triacle mix'd with Opium and fix'd Sudorifics Prepar'd Harts-horn Bole Armenic seal'd Earth mineral Unicorn are also proper to be added to Alexipharmacal Ingredients If a malignant Feaver be attended by Heartburnings and gnawings of the Stomac violent Head-achs Watchings Deliriums and a grievous Prunella 't is call'd the Hungarian or Camp Feaver and is highly Contagious Vomits commence its Cure which ought be follow'd by Acid Juleps and fix'd or meagre Sudorifics The Hungarians are wont to Cure it by rubbing the Body with a Root of Garlic soak'd in Spirit of Wine and bruis'd and then covering up the Person in order to Sweat The Prunella is accounted for by washing the Mouth with a mixture of House-leek Water Juice of House-leek and Sal-Armoniac Some malignant Feavers are accompany'd by Spots in the Skin resembling Flea-bitings These Spots are also compatible to some Tertian and Scorbutic Feavers that are not tinctur'd with Malignity When they attend malign Feavers they
quickly white in the middle and retaining a red Circumference when they are most numerous in the extreme Parts appearing about the fourth day ripening quickly and finishing their Course by the fourteenth The dangerous Symptoms are just the reverse of these To which we may add Pits or black Points in the middle of the Pushes a livid Circumference the interjection or following of malignant Spots convulsive motions continuing after the Eruption moist Hands while the Arms are very dry the distention and murmuring of the Belly attended by Anxiety and Unquietness betokening the Inflammation of the Intestins the continuance of the Feaver and difficult Respiration after the Eruption signifying that the Bowels Lungs Midriff and internal Parts are inflam'd and beset with Wheals violent Pains of the Back accompany'd by an unaccountable Weakness and malignant Symptoms pissing Blood or voiding Blood either upwards or downwards Loosenesses and Bleeding at Nose following the Eruption c. Sometimes indeed Bleeding at Nose in the beginning of the Sickness in a large quantity and without the least Interruption and ceasing of its own accord is a favourable Circumstance Some have observ'd that the Children of Parents who were pox'd before Marriage are always in great danger when attack'd by the Small-Pox Those who dye of this Disease are seiz'd with Quinsies or a stuffing of the Lungs Loosenesses Dysenteries or Convulsions If they recover the Eyes are in danger of being damag'd the Lungs and Guts of being ulcerated the external Parts of Imposthmes and the whole Body of Obstructions and Cachexies The Cure is perform'd by moderating the sharp Ferment expelling it when corrected and mitigating the Symptoms In order to a regular pursuit of these Ends let 's observe the following Cautions 1. We ought to distinguish the time of Separation from that of Expulsion During the former the Blood boyls high and ought not to be spurr'd on by expelling Medicines unless the Patient be very weak but appeas'd and arm'd against the Influence of the malign Miasma's by absorbent fixing Ingredients But during the latter Alexipharmical and expelling Medicines especially Emulsions of the expelling Seeds ought to be exhibited and persisted in till the Pushes disappear 2. During the Progress of the Disease Purges or Clysters are highly pernicious In the beginning of the Feaver if it be very high and free of Malignity and if the sick Person 's first Passages be stuff'd 't is not improper to exhibit a gentle Laxative with sweet Mercury After the Declination of the Pox or Measles 't is highly necessary to purge with the same Ingredients in order to prevent the Influence of the acid Remains 3. If a Looseness happen after the Eruption we ought to be cautious of suppressing it especially if the Feaver be not malignant and the Humors be putrify'd within In this case we ought still to persist in the use of Sudorifics which divert the Humors to the Surface of the Body In other Cases a symptomatical Loosness ought to be stopp'd by adding Astringents If it proceed from Worms it 's frequently fatal 4. Blood-letting in Germany is highly pernicious unless the Patient be of a full Plethoric Constitution and seis'd with a Frensie and even then it only takes place in the beginning before the Eruption 5. Opiats are of excellent use for promoting Expulsion mitigating the pernicious Symptoms of the Nerves and lower Belly and for incouraging the swelling of the Hands and Face which is a most favourable Circumstance in this Disease 6. After Recovery the Lungs Throat Belly and internal parts ought to be arm'd against the influence of the remaining acid 7. External Applications for preventing Scars and Pits are very prejudicial especially before Maturation The most useful External is Bracelets of Amber applied to the Wrists which promote the Expulsion 8. If the Feaver be high during the time of Separation avoid too much Heat If the Patient be weak and Nature unable to perform its part artificial Heat is not improper 9. During the time of Separation the Diet must be thin Wine is improper the Decoctions of Lentils or of any sort of Pulse are flatulent and prejudicial Let Gelly of Harts-horn be dissolv'd in small Beer mixt with the Tincture of Columbines or in which a Bag of Columbine and Turnep Seeds is infus'd for ordinary drinking For Children let hot Horses Dung be infus'd in what they drink for it promotes Sweat and defends the Neck and Throat Having premis'd these Cautions the next thing is to take a view of the Materia Medica For moderating the motion of the Blood and mitigating the Symptoms of the Breast and Belly and promoting Expulsion we use mineral Unicorn diaphoretic Antimony Cinnabar of Antimony of excellent use for preventing Convulsions and especially Unicorn's horn and Emulsion of the expulsive Seeds viz. The Seeds of Cresses Columbines Turneps and Carduus Benedictus To which we add some volatil Ingredients such as the Salt and Spirits of Harts-horn Vipers and Human Blood when the Acid afflicts the Nerves and the Pushes break out but slowly The specific Remedies of great Note are Myrrh and Castor or their Essences prepar'd with Spirit of Wine tartaris'd To which we may add Saffron the Dung of Animals especially Horse's or Sheep's Dung infus'd in Wine Figs or their Decoction to which we add Millet Seeds to qualifie their loosening Virtue Take of Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire and Diaphoretic Antimony of each fifteen grains Myrrh half a scruple Make a Powder to be exhibited before the Eruption If the Patient be troubled with a shivering just upon the point of Eruption add the Salt of Carduus Benedictus Take of Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire and Cinnabar of Antimony of each half a scruple Castor three grains Myrrh two grains volatil Salt of Vipers four or five grains Make a Powder to be given after eruption or when the Pushes advance but slowly Or Take of Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire fifteen grains solar Bezoar half a scruple volatil Salt of Harts-horn five grains Laudanum Opiatum half a grain Mix for one Dose In case of a looseness or unquietness and malignity add two grains of Camphyr Or Take of Scabious Water an ounce and a half Essence of Myrrh a Dram Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire a scruple Mineral Bezoar half a scruple Laudanum prepar'd by fermentation a Grain Syrup of Carduus Benedictus three Drams Make a Potion The volatil Salt of Vipers or that of Harts-horn Camphyr Sennertus's Bezoardic Powder Spirit of Treacle and in case of a Looseness seal'd Earth may be added by turns Take of the yellow part of Orange Peel two drams Citron Seeds a dram Seeds of Columbines and Carduus Benedictus Myrrh of each half a dram sweet Almonds a dram With Viper-Grass-water make an Emulsion and sweeten it If the Patient be much disquieted add the Syrup of Poppies and Essence of Castor Take of the Tincture of Tartar two drams Essence of Myrrh prepar'd with the Spirit of Sal-Armoniac a dram Mix and
preparations from Antimony fix'd with Tin and Steel To these we join other Balmy Ingredients viz. Amber Aloes Myrrh especially when the Phthisic is not far advanc'd nor the Hectic very troublesome Together with the pectoral specifics viz. Tragacanth Elecampane Roots Sperma Ceti given to half a dram in a Potch'd Egg Orris Roots the Conserve of Roses Bole-armenic seal'd Earth Blood-stone and the Mushroom of a Willow given to half a dram in the Conserve of Ground Ivy all which are very useful for tempering the acrimony of the Blood and Chyle But before we commence the use of Specifics a Vomit ought to be exhibited for cleansing the first Passages The Decoctions of Woods especially China and Sassafras together with Elecampane Liquorice Raisins and Vulnerary Ingredients are of singular efficacy in this Case Their Rosinous Sulphureous substance is at once qualify'd for tempering the sharpness of the Humors evacuating the corrupt Matter and cleansing the Ulcer But whoever would reap benefit by these Decoctions must resolve to Drink nothing else Narcotics especially the Pills of Storax are of good use for promoting the Maturation and Concoction of the matter in the Lungs curbing the dry Night Coughs and preventing Night-sweats Phthisical Persons admit of large Doses and persist long in the use of 'em without detriment Towards the height of the Disease when Respiration is difficult and a great deal of Viscous matter lyes ready for expectoration 't is convevient to discontinue their use In regard of the ulcerated Bowel the vulnerary Specifics and the baling Ingredients above-mention'd are calculated for its relief Ground Ivy Chervil Scabious and male Speedwel especially the first or its Juice ought never to be omitted Some commend Indian Cresses and Rosasolis In Scorbutic Cases 't is proper to add Antiscorbutic Ingredients If the Hectic do not Prohibit the use of Balsams we may add the Balsam of Sulphur Balsam of Peru Turpentin dissolv'd with the yelk of an Egg Myrrh c. Some recommend the Decoction of Penny-Royal Others the volatil Salt of Harts-horn and its Spirit tinctur'd with Balsam of Sulphur the Spirit of Ants the Spirit and volatil Salt of Man's Urine and the like but if the Disease be inveterat and the Lungs ulcerated they are very improper Perhaps after chronical Diseases or when the Chyle is not distributed thro' the Body they may be of some use The dry tickling Cough and Night-sweats that usually molest Phthisical Persons are abated by incrassating Medicines mix'd with Opiats But Treacle and hot Compositions ought to be avoided For cleansing the Ulcer in the Lungs and bringing up the viscous Matter the Syrup of Tobacco ought to be mix'd with the other expectorating Ingredients And if the Matter stink or if the Person spit very much let Myrrh and Hony be always added But if a Feaver or melting Looseness accompany a Phthisic let Hony be avoided and absorbent earthy Powders exhibited The Food of Phthisical Persons ought to be such as yields a substantial glutinous Juice such as Eggs Raisins Oysters River Crabs and Milk They ought to avoid drinking much and what they Drink may be impregnated with Fumes of Sulphur Of Wines the sweetest are the best As for Air those that are emaciated and wither'd require a thick Sulphureous Air whereas those that are otherwise find their account in breathing in a clear dry Air. It remains now to subjoin a few Receipts in order to exemplify the complication of the above-mention'd Ingredients Take of Sal-Armoniac and Nitre purify'd of each half an ounce the Powders of the Roots of Liquorice and Florentine Orris of each an ounce Mix and Exhibit as much as will lye upon the point of a Knife Morning and Evening remembring still the Cautions above-mention'd with respect to Acids Take of the Roots of Cuckow-pint four ounces Roots of Florentin Orris three Ounces Flowers of Benzoin an ounce and a half Flowers of Sulphur an ounce Poterius's Antihectic two ounces with a sufficient quantity of Sugar make a Powder to be given to a dram before Supper and at Bed time in the Decoction of China Roots for tempering the Acrimony of the Humors Take of the Kernel of the Pine Apple half an ounce white Poppy Seeds two drams with Scabious and Colts-foot Water make an Emulsion to which add of Ivory prepar'd without fire half a dram prepar'd Crabs Eyes and Mother of Pearls of each a scruple and sweeten it with Pearled Sugar Take of Diaphoretic Antimony a dram and half Flowers of Sulphur half a dram the Powder Diaireos and Diatragacanthon Frigidae and prepar'd white Amber of each a dram extract of Elecampane half a dram Balsam of Sulphur Anisated half a dram Sugar dissolv'd in Fennel Water four Ounces Make Tablets of which take eight thrice a Day follow'd by a Draught of the Decoction of Ground Ivy and Chervil Take of the Conserve of Ground Ivy an ounce Crabs Eyes and Poterius's Antihectic of each half a dram prepar'd Amber two scruples Benzoin a scruple with Willis's Syrup Diasulphuris make an Electuary and add some grains of Laudanum Opiatum if it be Convenient Take of Guajacum Wood three ounces Guajacum Roots and China Roots of each an ounce Elecampane and Burdock Roots of each two ounces Juniper Berries three drams Leaves of Speedwel two handfuls Ground Ivy a handful Infuse 'em for twenty four Hours in twelve pound of fair Water Then Boyl the half away and add towards the end Anis and Fennel Seeds of each an ounce and a half Liquorice Roots an ounce Strain the Liquor and exhibit a Draught every Morning adding twelve drops of the Turpentine Balsam of Sulphur or forty of that prepar'd with Oyl of sweet Almonds Take of Ground Ivy Chervil and Male Speedwel of each a handful Elecampane Roots an ounce and a half Roots of Florentine Orris an ounce Anis-seeds three drams Fennel-seed two drams Figs four in Number Corrants an ounce and a half Liquorice Roots six drams boyl them in Water for a vulnerary Decoction to be sweeten'd with the Syrup of Ground Ivy. And add to every Draught forty drops of Elixyr Proprietatis or half a dram of Sperma Coeti or some drops of the Essence of Gum Ammoniac mix'd with the Tincture of Sulphur Take of Poterius's Antihectic a Scruple Sugar of Lead half a scruple Extract of Saffron four or five grains Laudanum Opiatum two or four grains With Balsam of Peru make Pills for two Doses to be taken at Night to prevent Coughing and Sweating in the Night time Take of prepar'd Amber half a scruple choice Myrrh and valatil Salt of Amber of each five grains Laudanum Opiatum a grain or two With the Essence of Myrrh make Pills Take of the Conserve of Ground Ivy Conserve of Scabious of each an ounce and a half fresh Pine Apples half an ounce Ivory prepar'd without fire a dram Poterius's Antihectic and Flowers of Sulphur of each two scruples With Syrup of Tobacco make an Electuary for attenuating and expectorating Viscid
into an Ulcer Clysters indeed are very Convenient when the Belly is Costive 3. Of all Medicines Sudorifics are the best especially for pleurisies In the beginning we exhibit volatil Salts and Opiats notwithstanding the violent Heat of the Disease and towards the height fix'd Diaphoretics especially Diaphoretic Antimony 4. Expectorating Remedies ought not to be administred till towards the height of the Disease when the matter begins to Concoct If they are given sooner they promote Coughing and consequently the frustraneous and painful concussion of the inflam'd Parts not to speak of their attempting to evacuat crude Matter However when their season comes we ought to beware of mixing 'em with Sugar Hony or sweet Acids 5. Opiats are only useful during the increase of the Disease they allay the pain and promote the Concoction of the Matter but in the height when the Matter is already prepar'd they hinder its due evacuation 6. There 's nothing more pernicious than cold Drink It hurts the Lungs increases the Inflammation provokes the Cough hinders Concoction and thwarts evacuation Therefore let their ordinary Drink be always warm and such as the Decoction of Barly and Liquorice mix'd with the Tincture of Poppy Flowers Now as for the Specifics that dissolve stagnating Blood those for a Pleurisie are of the same use in all Inflammations of the Breast Such are red Poppies Carduus Benedictus and Carduus Mariae especially their seeds chervil-Chervil-water the Decoction or Powder of Burdoc-roots the Juice of Dandelyon the Soot of wood-Wood-fire given to a dram in Elder Vinegar the Pizzle of a Whale or Hart given in Powder to a dram or by way of Decoction the Powders of Boars-teeth Pike Bones Pearch and Carp-stones given to two scruples the volatil Salt of the Jawbone of a Pike the Blood of a Goat or of a Hare strangled after Hunting dry'd and given in Powder to a dram the Infusion or Juice of Horse or Sheeps Dung the Powder of Pigeons Dung Sperma Ceti given to a dram with Castor the Spirit of Nitre dulcify'd with the Spirit of Wine impregnated by Cohobation with Antipleuritical Ingredients given to two drams the Bezoardic Tincture given to a dram the Flowers of Sulphur or Gunpowder given to a dram and Antimony calcin'd by the heat of the Sun The forms of prescription are as follows Take of the Seeds of Carduus Benedictus and Carduus Mariae of each two drams white Poppy Seeds a dram with Chervil-water make an Emulsion To which add of the Jawbone of a Pike half a dram Diaphoretic Antimony a scruple sweeten it for a draught in order to Sweat Take of the Waters of Carduus Benedictus and Chervil of each an ounce and a half of Treacle Water six drams clarify'd Juice of Dandelyon an ounce and a half prepar'd Crabs Eyes a dram and a half Syrup of red Poppies an ounce and a half Mix and exhibit two Spoonfuls every quarter of an Hour Take of the Extracts of red Poppy Flowers Holy-hocks and Misletoe of the Oak of each a dram and a half shavings of Boars-teeth and an Unicorn's Horn of each two drams Jawbone of a Pike a dram and a half the inner Rinds of Filberts a dram Antimonial Nitre half a dram Magistery of Coral a dram and a half with the thicken'd Juice of Scabious make a Mass of which a scruple is a Dose to be given in Poppy Flower Water Take of the Waters of Carduus Mariae Chervil and red Poppies of each an ounce the spirit of Venice Treacle Camphoris'd three drams Diaphoretic Antimony and Jaw-bone of a Pike of each half a dram volatil Salt of the Jawbones of a Pike twelve grains Laudanum Opiatum three grains Syrup of red Poppies an ounce Mix and give a Spoonful now and then Take of the Blood of a Goat a scruple Mineral Bezoar half a scruple Laudanum Opiatum a grain Make a Powder for two Doses Take of the spirit of Venice Treacle Camphoris'd three drams Essence of Saffron a dram Mix. Dose fifty or sixty Drops If these dissolving Medicines cannot discuss the Inflammation by Sweating we must indeavour to promote the Concoction and Evacuation of the Matter by Spitting For this end we first use thickening Ingredients and after Concoction those of an attenuating force Of the former sort are the Decoctions of Barly Liquorice Elecampane Scabious Jujubes Raisins Speedwell red Poppies c. An Apple excavated stuff'd with a dram of Frankincense or Mastic and half a dram of the Flowers of Sulphur and so roasted and â—â—hibited with Carduus Benedictus Water the spirit of Sal-Armoniac the Conserve of Violets the Syrup of Poppies with the Flowers of Benzoin and above all the fresh Oyl of Linseed given to three ounces in a convenient Vehicle or in want of that the express'd Oyl of sweet Almonds As for the latter Indication viz. Attenuating and Expectorating concocted Matter 't is compass'd by adding to the Decoction of these Ingredients in Mead the Syrups of Hissop Hedgmustard or Tobacco and especially the fresh Juice of Radishes and dulcify'd spirit of Nitre As for external Application 't is proper to allay the pain by fomenting the Part with the Decoction of Emollient and Anodyn Ingredients or applying Frogs-spawn with Burdock Roots or an Ointment of the Juice of Coleworts and Powder of Cummin seed or of the Fat of a Country Mouse or Hen's Dung with Oyl of Chamomil Or Thus Take of the Ointment of Marsh-mallows an ounce Oyl of sweet Almonds half an ounce distill'd Oyl of Cummin a scruple Camphyr nine grains Mix and anoint the part every three hours applying afterwards the Plaister of Melilot mix'd with the Plaister call'd Filii Zachariae and soften'd with the Oyl of Mullein Every thing must be applyed hot and the part kept very Warm If the Inflammation can neither be discuss'd nor dissolv'd by Expectoration 't will be needful to promote its suppuration by giving inwardly Preparations from Tobacco Ground Ivy Chervil and Scabious and applying outwardly Cataplasms of Holy-hocks boyl'd in Milk or the Plaister Filii Zachariae After 't is sufficiently Ripe we must provide for opening it by Vomiting Sneezing or administring the Decoction and smoak of Tobacco which is of Excellent use especially when the Imposthume is seated in the Lungs Otherwise we may discover the part where it lyes by the Heat Pain Swelling c. and open a direct Passage into it betwixt two of the Ribs When the Imposthume opens of it self its Matter do's not always run into the Cavity of the Breast as many imagine but is oft-times gather'd within the dilated Membran that surrounds the Pleura in which Case a Paracentesis or opening in the usual place for an Empyema is of no use After opening the Imposthume the next thing is to cleanse it by exhibiting the Decoctions of Chervil or rather the Syrup or Juice of ground Ivy and Syrup of Tobacco with the Balsam of Sulphur Balsam of Peru and the Spirit and Oyl of Turpentin Having dispatch'd the
causing a greater afflux of pituitous Matter After evacuation we administer the Juice of Radishes the Infusion of Horse Radishes in Wine the Juice of Limons to two or three ounces with Oxymel the dulcify'd spirit of Salt the Philosophical spirit of Vitriol or rather the Acid spirit of Sal-Armoniac with the Decoction of Parsley Roots and red Vetches the Juice of the Pellitory that grows upon the Rubbish of old Walls as being impregnated with the Nitrous Salt of the Lime the Winter Cherry Madder volatil Salt of Amber c. If the Fibres of the Kidneys be flaggy Aromatic and Nervous Medicines are proper especially Turpentin the spirit and Oyl of Juniper-berries Cinnabar of Antimony and above all the volatil Salt of Amber given to twelve grains in a Convenient Vehicle is an admirable Diuretic If the Fibres be contracted we exhibit Narcotics with Cinnabar of Antimony and the volatil Salt of Amber or Mithridat with some diuretic Decoction or in imitation of Gesnerus the Powder of Glass If the ferment of the Kidneys be defective we exhibit the sharp salin Diuretics mix'd with the temperat Oily Ingredients especially the Decoction of Garlic Heads the Seed of Hedge Mustard given to a dram in Wine the Juice of Parsneps the Spirit and Salt of Urine Amelungius's nephritic Tincture prepar'd from Tartar Nitre Antimony and the solar Flint-stones the Carminative Spirit the volatil spirit of Tartar the spirit of Sal-Armoniac the volatil Salt or distill'd Oyl of Amber the Spirit or Juice of Earth-worms the Powder Juice and Infusion of Wood-lice the Infusion of Spanish Flies in Wine or their Diuretic Essence prepar'd with the Tincture of Tartar the Infusion of Horses Dung in Rhenish Wine the Urine of a Goat Crabs Eyes mix'd with Wine or Vinegar the Decoctions of red Vetches Chervil Madder or St. John's-wort the Shells of Hens Eggs or rather those of Estrich Eggs given to a dram or dissolv'd in spirit of Salt the Powder of Snails Shells dissolv'd in like manner the fix'd Salts of Diuretic Plants prepar'd according to Tachenius's Method or so that they be not too much calcin'd and consequently rob'd of their Salin Vertue the Tincture of Tartar prepar'd thus Take of the Salt of Tartar two ounces dissolve 'em in Water then strain and set it upon the Fire while 't is a boyling throw into it by degrees three ounces of the Cream of Tartar in Powder then thicken 'em with a gentle Fire and afterward reduce 'em to Powder from which extract an admirable Diuretic Tincture with the spirit of Wine To these we may add the Juice of the Birch-tree the distill'd Oyl of Turpentin and Emulsions made of violet Seeds and Speedwell Water or of Turpentin and the yelk of an Egg with some Diuretic Water and the Juice of Limons Or Take of the Waters of Parsley and Restharrow of each an ounce Elixyr of Juniper-berries call'd Malvaticum six drams spirit of Putrified Earth-worms two drams volatil spirit of Tartar a dram distill'd Oyl of Turpentin three drops Syrup of Ground Ivy two or three drams Mix and exhibit a Spoonful now and then Take of Tartar vitriolated a dram of the Salt of Bean-stalks and Salt of Pigeons Dung of each fifteen grains volatil Salt of Amber twelve grains Make a Powder for three Doses Externally we anoint with Stone Oyl Oyl of Scorpions and distill'd Oyl of Turpentin mix'd with the Ointment of Marsh-mallows ART 2. Of the Stone in the Kidneys STones in Man's Body are nothing else but a vicious Acid congeal'd with a volatil Alcali This vicious Acid for the most part is bred in the Stomac and being mix'd with the Blood attacks a naked volatil Alcali wherever it meets it with which it conspires to make up a third Concrete or Stone Now the Kidneys being plentifully stock'd with a volatil Alkali are most liable to the shocks of this Acid. 'T is true that in a healthy state the Alcali of the Urine in the Kidneys is naturally qualifi'd with an Acid and then 't is secure from the efforts of the vicious Intruder but for as much as the Urine is oft-times liable to Alteration or Corruption which sets the volatil Salt at liberty much after the same method as when it has been expos'd to the Air in an Urinal and begins to smell therefore the Kidneys are in such cases in danger of being molested with Stones Thus the generation of a Stone supposes two concurring Causes one is a prevailing Acid in the Body occasion'd mostly by imperfect Digestions in the first Passages or by such things as are apt to become Acid viz. Milk Cheese and especially Wine The other is the Putrefaction and liberty of the volatil Alkali of the Urine occasion'd generally by the weakness of the Ferment as by Asparagus and such Diuretics as enfeeble the Ferment and cause a putrid smell in the Urine Now that a volatil Acid engag'd with the volatil Alcali in the Kidneys is apt to become a Stone is made out by the following Remarks 1. Arthritick and Melancholick Persons who are much molested with vicious Acids are very liable to the Stone whereas those of a bilious Constitution are not 2. Those who live near the Danube and â—e wont to drink much Wine are frequently troubled with the Stone by reason of the prevailing Acid in Wine which is apt to congeal with a volatil Alcali as if ye take Nitre very well six'd and mix it with Flint-stones then melt it upon a strong Fire and 't will become like Glass pulverize this Glass and pour Spirit of Wine upon it after some time pour that off and add fresh Spirit of Wine which in a Month's time will become a red Oil containing the Acid of the Nitre exalted with the Spirit of Wine Now if ye put a few Drops of this volatil Acid Oyl into a Glass of Wine 't will gather it into a hard substance 3. The Chymical Analysis of the Stones presents us with a fetil Oyl an Urinous Spirit a volatil Salt and a Caput mortuum like Quick-lime Not to speak of its effervescence with any Alcalin Salt When the Stones thus ingendered of the volatil Acid and Alcali are growing together they sometimes take in a viscid Mucilage being the deprav'd nourishment of the Kidneys which renders the stones white Sometimes they corrode the small Vessels and take in some drops of Blood which makes the stones red Sometimes the pure Salts join together without any other mixture but some earthy Particles caus'd by the Putrefaction of the Urine and then the Stones are yellow But at other times the Membranes and the whole substance of the Kidney make a part of the Concrete A Stone in the Kidneys while it lies quiet and does not stir is attended by few or no Symptoms But when it begins to move or as the Practitioners speak in the Paroxysm it grates upon the Membranes which by means of the immediat Correspondence of their Nerves with all those from the Mesenteric Plexus
you please you may dilute it with Celandin and Royal Comfrey Water of each one Ounce Take of Blood-stone half a Scruple white Vitriol fifteen Grains Myrrh and Saffron of each five Grains white Sugar Candy one Scruple make a Pouder or mix it with some convenient Water and apply it to the Web with a Feather If such Medicines prove ineffectual we must have Recourse to sublimat Mercury Plempius's wonderful Arcanum was this Take of sublimat Mercury from five Grains to half a Scruple dissolve in Rose Water Eye-bright Water and Fennel Water of each one or two Ounces Touch the Web with a Drop or two of this Liquor every Morning and Evening The Juice of red Ants express'd and drop'd into the Eye is of wonderful Success Having thus consider'd the first Obstacle to the passing of the Rays of Light the next is when the Horn Coat or White of the Eye is disorder'd This may happen 1. When it is unequally nourish'd or some Parts of it elated while the others are depress'd by reason of the Viscidity of the nutritious Juice 2. When white Scars remain in this Coat after the small Pox or any other Ulcer 3. When by an external Accident the Blood is forc'd out of its Vessels and creates an Inflammation The Signs are these In the first case this Coat appears white and thick In the second we discover as it were a white Spot upon the Eye The third is known by the blue livid Colour that attends it Children are more easily cur'd of these Maladies than adult People If they are of a long standing 't is a difficult matter to remove 'em only the last is generally more tractable As for the Cure The Viscidity of the Chylous Juice and the Scars upon the Coat ought equally to be remov'd by attenuating sharp Medicines which ought to be somewhat sharper in the latter than in the former case The Seeds of Clary applied to the Eye are converted into a Mucilage by the Lymph which waters those Parts and thus prove an incomparable Medicine in this case The Gall of a Pike or of a Partridg and Ox Gall or a Water distill'd from it are much commended they are us'd with the Water of Frogs Spawn If the Scars or Clouds in the Eye succeed the Small Pox exhibit what follows Take of Fennel Water two Ounces of the Gall of an Eel from a Dram to a Dram and a half Sugar Candy in fine Pouder a Dram Mix and let them stand warm for the space of a Night The Spirit of Urine distill'd with Vitriol the Juice of Eye-bright or Fennel new drawn mix'd with a little Balsam of Peru or rather the Juice of Fennel mix'd with Sugar of Lead are very proper to this purpose The Liver of a Lamprey melted into an oily Liquor is accounted a Specific 'T is a sharp Medicine and ought only to be applied to the Eyelids unless the Malady be inveterat The Scar may be gently anointed with Oil of Paper or burnt Rags with a Feather or with the white Water of Honey If the Cloud or Scar be inveterat take the yellow Water of Honey or the following compound Water Take of Honey from the Combs two Pound tops of Elder Flowers Eye-bright and Fennel tops of each half a handful Sugar Candy four Ounces Distil in the Balneunt Mariae with a strong Fire The Juice of Celandin the greater or of Rue or of Brooklime or its Water either drop'd into the Eye alone or mix'd with Honey of Roses are of excellent use As also the Water of quick Lime with Sal Armoniac as above prescrib'd or Platerus's famous Experiment especially if the Serum be sharp or apt to inflame the part viz. Take of the Pulp of four Apples half a Pound chop 'em small and boil them in Rose-water and Fennel-water to the Consistency of a Mucilage Then add two or three Ounces of the Mucilage of Fenugree Seeds and two or three Yelks of Eggs half a Dram or a Dram of prepar'd Blood-stone and two Drams of the Rinds of Pomgranats pouder'd Mix and make a Cataplasm to be applied and continually kept upon the closed Eye and renewed twice a day The Waters distill'd from Cichory Flowers or Blew-bottle Flowers according to Schroder and Hoffman's Method Fennel Water with the Gall of an Eel the Pouder of the Bone of a Cuttle with white Sugar the compound Pouder of Crabs Eyes and the Scales of a Serpent either blown into the Eye or diluted with a convenient Vehicle are all noted Specifics But above all sublimat Mercury is the most effectual Medicine exhibited as above When Children are seiz'd with these Distempers the Nurse or Mother may chew a little Fennel Seed and then breathe upon the Child's Eye or touch it with her Tongue When the Eye is beat black and blew by an external Accident apply Cloths dipt in Chervil-water Hyssop-water or the Water of Blew-bottle Flowers The chewing of Cumin Seed or Fennel-Seed or Cloves and then breathing upon the Eye is a celebrated Remedy Fomentation with Wine in which the tops of Hyssop have been boil'd is very successful but for a forlorn Hope take what follows Take of Comfrey Roots six Ounces the Roots of Solomon's Seal two Ounces Elder Flowers an Ounce and a half Meal of Beans one Ounce mix and use them by way of Decoction or Cataplasm or reduce them with fresh Butter into the form of a Liniment Or Take of the Roots of Comfrey the greater and of the lesser of each half a Pound Chamomile and Melilot Flowers of each two Ounces Meal of Beans four Ounces fresh Butter three Ounces Fenugrec Seeds one Ounce Saffron half an Ounce Boil them and foment with the Decoction which is better than a Cataplasm by reason that all fat oily things offend the Eyes Or Take of Blew-bottle Flowers and Flowers of Comfrey Royal of each a little handful tops of Hyssop half a handful Comfrey Roots three Drams Roots of Solomon's Seal a Dram and a half chop and beat them small and then boil them in a sufficient quantity of Wine Add to two or three Ounces of the strain'd Liquor two or three Drams of Spirit of Wine camphoriz'd If there happen a Collection of Matter under this Coat it must be drawn forth by the hand of a Surgeon Sometimes little Blisters appear upon this and the native Tunicle which are caus'd by the suppression of sharp Humours They are cur'd by applying Hartman's vitriolated Water or a simple Solution of white Vitriol or by blowing the following Pouder into the Eye Take of prepar'd Calaminar Stone half a Dram prepar'd Tutty half a Scruple Sugar of Lead half a Scruple mix c. If the Blisters are open'd the Water of the Whites of Eggs is very proper Having thus dispatch'd the Disorders that may affect the Coats of the Eye let us next consider those of the watry Humor The watry Humor is indispos'd when a viscid Matter is mix'd with it and interrupts the Rays of
Diseases if the Urine remain crude and the Person is seiz'd with a Deafness it portends Doating If it be accompany'd with the signs of Concoction it signifies the Solution of the Disease If attended by a Perturbation of the Eyes a Heaviness in the Head and a Distention of the lower Belly it bespeaks a Bleeding at the Nose especially if the Patient be apt to rub it A Deafness succeeding to Doating is a better Circumstance than if it went before As for the Cure In acute Diseases it disappears upon the Solution of the Disease or if it continue longer is cur'd by Cupping behind the Ears or smoaking Tobacco or putting into the Ears a little Cotton dip'd in Aqua Anhaltina If it subsist by it self without any dependance upon other Distempers the Cure must be accommodated to the Cause that produces it If it arise from an Obstruction in the Passage occasion'd by the hardening of the Earwax or otherwise 't is cur'd by injecting the Juice or Essence of Wormwood or Child's Urine or the Spirit of Urine unrectify'd If it proceed from other internal Causes a tender regard must be had to the Drum and the hearing Nerve by preserving their due Order with Aromatic and Nervous Medicines In a Catarrhous case give internally what follows Take of the Essence of Rosemary Flowers of Saint John's Wort and of Sassafras of each two Drams mix c. Amber given inwardly or apply'd to the Ear in a little Cotton is an admirable Medicine for old People Mosch or Civet or Balsam of Peru diluted with Spirit of Wine or Origanum Water distill'd with Wine or the Water of Carduus Benedictus rectify'd by frequent Cohobation are all us'd externally the same way If Deafness be attended by a remarkable Heat in the Ears the Water that drops from one end of a piece of Ash-wood while t'other is put into the Fire or the Water of Ants or the Water distill'd from Flies or Magpy Water with Castor or the Juice of Radishes or of Onions mix'd with Oil of Amber and Oil of Bitter Almonds are all applauded Remedies and are to be us'd with Cotton or a Linnen Cloth Above all the penetrating Aromatics as Spirit of Treacle Essence of Wormwood and of Cloves c. are preferable Human Gall or the Galls of other Animals infus'd in Spirit of Wine are much commended Or Take of Ox's Gall and Spanish Wine of each equal Quantities distil from them a Liquor to be drop'd into the Ear or applied in Cotton or a Linnen Cloth Take of the Roots of black Hellebor half a Dram Roots of Aromatic Calamus two Scruples Pulp of Coloquintida a Scruple Bay Berries a Dram Cumin Seeds from two Scruples to two Drams and a half Cut and beat them small and infuse them in four Ounces of Spirit of Wine and use the strain'd Liquor as above or sharpen it with Essence of Amber All Preparations from Ants are of wonderful use in this case As Take of the Eggs of Ants one Ounce and six Galls of Hares beat them up with a double Quantity of Hony and then drop it into the Ear. Or Take twenty of the little white Worms that are found betwixt the Bark and Wood of an Oak-tree Let them boil in two Ounces and a half of the Oil of unripe Olives Then take the Root of Sowbread and cut it hollow Fill the hollow space with the Oil of these Worms and add of prepar'd Pellitory Roots and of the Roots of Aromatic Costus from half a Scruple to a Scruple Oil of Costus or of Rue as much as it can hold Close up the Root and roast it under the Ashes then bruise it in a Mortar and with force express the Juice and pour some Drops of it into the Ear every day for ten ays together Timaeus and Heertodius recommend it for an incomparable Remedy The Fat of Serpents or of Vipers or the Fat that drops from roasted Eels are proper in this case and may be mix'd with the Oil of Amber or Aniseeds Some commend a Fumigation of the Ears from a mixture of Sal Armoniac Oil of Tartar per Deliquium and a double quantity of Quicklime with common Water After the application of these external Remedies the Ear ought always to be stop'd with Cotton and Amber or Musk upon it and the Patient must lie upon the sound Ear that so the Virtue of the Medicines may penetrat the more Besides 't is to be remark'd that oily viscid Medicines are not so mild as those of a thin spirituous Substance and that they ought never to be applied till the Ear be purg'd and wip'd clean All Medicines thus applied must be just luke-warm and two or three Drops may always suffice for one time If Deafness come by Fits or depend upon a Catarrhous Disposition of the Brain just before the Invasion of the Paroxism 't is proper to apply to the Crown of the Head a Cloth dip'd in Apoplectic Spirits or Oils If it be occasion'd by a vehement Noise 't is not amiss to apply hot Bread from the Oven with Juniper and Bay-Berries baken into it Or Take of the Herbs Marjoram Sage Rosemary and the Flowers of red Roses of each half a handful Juniper Berries one Ounce Cumin Seeds half an Ounce chop and beat them small and stitch them into a Bag to be applied hot or wet with a convenient Vehicle A Fumigation receiv'd at the Ear from a Decoction of Filings of Steel with distill'd Vinegar and Cephalic Herbs or from the Flowers of Sulphur is much esteem'd After the Fumigation is over apply to the Ear distill'd Oil of Fennel with Cotton In Chronical or Catarrhous Cases the hot Baths are very proper both for Bathing and Pumping upon the Head An Issue cut in the Arm of the same side with the affected Ear is likewise very useful on this occasion If Deafness be caus'd by a Fall Contusion or external Violence distill'd Soubread Water is a proper Remedy and a Plaister made of equal Quantities of Tacamahac and Cerecloth of Betony may be applied to the Head shav'd Hot Urine taken from a hunted Hare is commended by some If any Obstruction or such like cause give rise to a Deafness 't is probable a Salivation procur'd by Mercury may be useful But 't is a desperate Cure and must be cautiously undertaken Thus I 've dispatch'd the first Branch of the Disorders of the Ear the next is when the Sense of Hearing remains and the Patient is molested with a tingling or noise in his Ears It proceeds from a preternatural Motion of the internal Air contain'd in the Cavity of the Ear which affects the Fibres of the Drum and so represents an imaginary Sound This Motion may be occasion'd by subtil foreign Fumes exhal'd from the Blood in the adjacent Arteries which disturb the Repose of the internal Air or by the Irritation or violent misplacing of the Drum from any internal or external Cause Convulsions of this Membran may be occasion'd by
Or Take of the Water of Lime-tree-flowers Sage-water Black-cherry Water of each an Ounce Spirit of Hartshorn with Amber three Drams Spirit of Triacle camphoriz'd or Essence of Castor a Dram Essence of Opium a Scruple Syrup of Piony Flowers an Ounce Mix and give two or three Spoonfuls twice or thrice a day Take of the Water of the new Horns of a Hart two Ounces Spirit of human Brains an Ounce Spirit of human Blood a Dram and a half prepar'd human Skull a Dram volatil Salt of human Skull fifteen Grains volatil Salt of Amber half a Scruple Laudanum Opiatum three or five Grains Syrup of Arabian Stechas an Ounce Mix and use as above Take of the Water of Piony Flowers three Ounces Water of human Brains distill'd with Wine six Drams essential Spirit of human Blood a Dram and a half prepar'd Unicorn a Dram Cinnabar of Antimony half a Dram Laudanum Opiatum a Grain and a half Syrup of Arabian Stechas an Ounce Mix and use as above Take of the Waters of Piony Flowers and of Limtree Flowers of each an Ounce rectify'd Cinnamon-water half an Ounce unburnt Hartshorn a Scruple native Cinnabar Mineral Bezoar of each half a Scruple Hysteric Laudanum five Grains Syrup of Piony Flowers half an Ounce Mix c. Take of the Water of Piony Flowers two Ounces Misselto of Hazel a Scruple native Cinnabar mineral Bezoar of each half a Scruple Hysteric Laudanum six Grains Syrup of Piony Flowers half an Ounce Dose a Spoonful twice or thrice a day Take of Fennel-water and Water of Lime-tree Flowers of each an Ounce Spirit of Sal Armoniac Spirit of Harts-horn with Amber of each half a Scruple Essence of Castor a Scruple Syrup of Poppies and Syrup of Arabian Stechas of each half an Ounce mix as above Take of the Water of Piony Flowers two Ounces Pennyroyal-water an Ounce Apoplectic Water or Langius's Epileptic Water six Drams volatil Salt of Hartshorn twelve Grains volatil Salt of Amber six Grains Syrup of Piony Flowers three Drams mix and use as above Take of Baum-water two Ounces Sage-water an Ounce Essence of Castor two Drams Spirit of Hartshorn with Oil of Amber a Dram Syrup of Piony Flowers half an Ounce mix c. As for Pouders Take of Cinnabar of Antimony half a Dram volatil Salt of Amber twelve Grains Laudanum Opiatum prepar'd by Fermentation two or three Grains make a Pouder for two Doses For a Vehicle Take of sage-Sage-water and Water of Lilly of the Valley of each an Ounce Spirit of Lilly of the Valley and Spirit of Black-cherries of each a Dram and a half mix Take of the Pouder of human Skull prepar'd without Fire a Dram Cinnabar of Antimony half a Dram or two Scruples volatil Salt of Hartshorn twelve Grains volatil Salt of Amber six Grains make a Pouder for four Doses Or Take Cinnabar of Antimony fifteen Grains volatil Salt of Hartshorn Volatil Salt of Vipers of each four Grains Camphyr two or three Grains Make a Pouder as above Or Take of Diaphoretic Antimony Native Cinnabar prepar'd Amber of each eight or ten Grains Volatil Salt of Amber three or five Grains Laudanum Opiatum one Grain Make a Pouder as above Take Cinnabar of Antimony prepar'd Amber of each a Scruple Castor twelve Grains Volatil Salt of Amber Volatil Salt of Hartshorn of each half a Scruple Camphyr three Grains make a Pouder for three Doses Take of the Pouder of a human Scull prepar'd without Fire a Dram Cinnabar of Antimony half a Dram Castor fifteen Grains Volatil Salt of Hartshorn Volatil Salt of Amber of each half a Scruple make a Pouder for three Doses The common Vehicle for these Pouders may be this following Take of the Water of Lilly Convally Black Cherry Water and Water of Limetree-flowers of each a Dram Essence of Rosemary-flowers or Essence of Castor from two Drams to three Drams Essential Spirit of human Scull a Dram Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers six or eight Drams mix c. As for external Remedies some are wont to apply Amulets of Elder or the Roots of Master-wort slic'd to the Thumbs and Toes or Rings of the Teeth of Sea-horses and the like Cephalic Bags Emplaisters Ointments and the specific Oils above-mentioned may be applied to the Back-bone Crown of the Head and the affected part But a special regard must be had to the peculiar Constitution of the Patâ—â—â—t for some are extremely offended by the approach of â—doriferous Oils Oil of Amber and Oil of Spike or the fat of a wild Cat may be applied to the Belly when the Disease is symptomatical both during the Paroxysm and at other times If the Epilepsy proceed from the Disorders of the Spleen the Emplaister de ranis cum Mercurio is very useful Upon other occasions a Compound-plaister may be prescrib'd thus Take of the Emplaister Diacalcitheos two Ounces Diachylum â—reatum an Ounce and a half Emplaister of Betony two Ounces Mix c. Crato's Plaister is likewise very proper for this purpose Thus far I have consider'd the Method of preserving from or preventing Epileptic Fits My next business is to shew what ought to be done during the time of the Fits If the Person be Plethoric let blood but take care to draw forth but a small quantity Then give a strong Emetic If the temporal Muscles or those of the Gullet are so affected that the Person cannot open his mouth or take down any thing you must open the mouth with a Spoon and throw it in or wet a Feather with the Emetic Syrup and a Grain or two of Mercurius Vitae and thrust it into the Throat If a Vomit cannot conveniently be given inject frequently sharp Clysters adding to them antimonial Infusions and volatil specific Salts Sneezing Pouders ought to be cautiously us'd during the Fit for they cause Convulsions In room of them put Spirit of Sal armoniac or of Urine to the Nostrils or drop it upon the Tongue The smell of Amber thrown upon the Coals is very effectual The external Parts may be rub'd but withal very gently If the Epilepsy proceed from any external Part Ligatures are very proper The Backbone may be anointed with specific Oils or Liniments In the mean while 't is not improper to throw into the mouth two or three spoonfuls of some Epileptic Mixture as above-prescribed If the Tongue be hurt by the Teeth throw upon it the Pouder of Crabs-eyes or anoint it with some vulnerary Extract and Sugar ART II. Of a Cramp or continu'd Contraction WHEN a nervous Part is affected continually and without interruption it becomes rigid and inflexible The Cause of this Irritation may be either manifest or hidden Of the former kind are the pricking of a Nerve immoderat Purging the unseasonable use of Mercurial or Antimonial Medicines external Violence drinking of Aqua fortis or acid Liquors for all Acids have a contracting Virtue as appears by Leather dip'd in an Acid. The hidden Causes are acute or malignant
wither and consume tho the root of the Evil be not seated in it 't is not improper to anoint it with the following Mixture in order to provoke and waken the Spirits Take of Spirit of Earth-worms three Ounces distill'd Oils of Spike and of Juniper of each a Dram and a half distill'd Oils of Lavender and Marjoram of each half a Dram distill'd Oil of Amber two Scruples plumous Allum which ought always to be added in this case a Scruple If this prove too sharp as it frequently do's to scorbutic Constitutions take of human or Goose fat three or four Ounces distill'd Oil of Turpentin three Drams Oil of Juniper-berries two Drams Oil of Spike half a Dram. Mix and use as above Let the following Plaister be likewise applied to the Back-bone viz. Take of Gum Galbanum two parts Gum Caran one part soften 'em with stone Oil into the Consistence of a Plaister Bathing in a Decoction of Ants is of singular Virtue both in this and many other cases of which more elsewhere ART III. Of a Palsy A Palsy ought to be carefully distinguish'd from a stupidity of any part and particular Apoplexies tho it be near ally'd to both The former retains the power of moving tho depriv'd of the Sense of Feeling the latter relates to the Disorders of the Nerves whereas a Palsy is principally a relaxation of the Tendons Fibres and Ligaments by which the part is moved the Nerves being only secondarily affected So a true formal Palsy affects chiefly the moving Faculty and if the Nerves are not much touch'd the sense of Feeling remains Now by this it appears that in many Cases a Palsy is accus'd where particular Apoplexies are the true Criminals Their difference is thus made out 1. The particular Apoplexies are retainers to the Disorders of the Brain and spinal Marrow whereas Palsies follow another set of Diseases as the Scurvy Hypochondriac and Colic Fits and excessive Drinking 2. In the former the original and uppermost part of the Nerves is chiefly affected and upon that account external Remedies are applied to the Neck and Back-bone without regard to the Apoplectic Part. But in the latter that part of the Nerve which accompanies the Muscles of the place is principally injur'd and accordingly external Applications are confin'd to that quarter 3. The former deprives both of sense and motion the latter oftimes retains the sense and is molested with pains 4. The former are constant and obstinat the latter relents now and then and 't is not quite so hard a matter to compass its Cure Some Palsies are call'd Privative when the Passages for the Spirits are straiten'd and embarass'd by Obstructions or Compressions of the Nerves the sudden retreat of the small Pox Wounds Falls and such like external Causes But these are more properly particular Apoplexies A true positive Palsy may be occasion'd by a cold moist Air bathing in cold Water c. Thus old Men and Children are as it were half paralytic the former by reason of a watry Serum that succeeds in the room of their exhausted nutritious Juice and unbends the Fibres the latter by virtue of overflowing Moisture The usual internal Cause of a Palsy is an acid Humour convey'd along with the Lymph or Serum to the affected part where it vitiats the Fibres and renders 'em unfit for their wonted Motions Palsies of this kind are frequently occasion'd by immoderat drinking of some Wines that partake of a notable volatil Acid which not being concocted in the Stomac is thrown upon the external parts and creates in them sometimes a tickling sort of Pain resembling the motion of Pismires sometimes a stupid and sometimes a tearing Pain Thus the Fibres are corrupted but the Nerves are at first secure and accordingly the moving Faculty is extinguish'd while that of Feeling remains intire tho in progress of time it may dwindle away A scorbutic Acid join'd to a serous Vehicle frequently causes Palsies It proceeds insensibly at first causes a wandring Stupidity and Titillation of the Fingers or Toes One day they are quite well another day mightily swell'd and retain the Sense of Feeling tho render'd in some measure stupid and the Person when lying can move 'em but if he attempt to stand can perform no progressive Motion without a great deal of pain 'T is a volatil austere Acid that gives rise to these Symptoms and if Austerity prevail Convulsions and Contractions invade the part The French Pox Worms in the Guts and Suffocations of the Matrix may procure Palsies But the Bilious Colic that proceeds from thin sharp Humours more frequently introduces ' em If these Colic Pains be exasperated by violent Purgation or otherwise as it frequently happens the Navel being drawn inwards and the Belly very much bound and grip'd there follows a Stupidity and afterwards a Paralytic Disposition of some Members of the Body In this case the Cause seems to be a Scorbutic Acid lodg'd in the nervous Knot of the Mesentery which contracts the Nerves and so prevents the regular distribution of the Spirits to these Parts So that partly by the mutual consent of Membrans and partly by the Translation of the morbific Matter to the external Parts such Palsies take their rise The suppression of wonted Evacuations of Blood and the Passions of the Mind especially Grief and Want are likewise apt to cause ' em Besides these internal Causes there are several external Occasions of Palsies as touching the Cramp-fish or some Indian Shell-fishes reported to be indow'd with a numming Virtue approaching to mercurial and mineral Fumes and an indiscreet tampering with Narcotics If the Nerves be chiefly affected as in a total Privation of feeling or when the Disease proceeds from a Wound Fall or other external Accidents or succeeds an Apoplexy the Original of the Nerves must be chiefly regarded according to the Method propos'd for particular Apoplexies If the Sense of Feeling be intire or not much impair'd the Ligaments and Tendons of the part affected ought to be most taken care of If a Palsy invade the Face 't is distinguish'd from a Dog-Cramp by this that in the former the paralytic part is soft and flaccid and easily reduc'd to its natural posture but in the latter the contracted Part is hard and cannot be brought to join the others without pain As for the privative Palsies that approach to the nature of Apoplexies or in which the Sense of Feeling is quite lost or the Evil inveterat and fix'd to a Part their Cure will be very difficult but if once cur'd they are not so apt to relapse as the proper positive Palsies proceeding from internal Causes If the heat of the part be quite extinguish'd and Contractions seize it If the Eye of the paralytic Side be lessen'd If the Person be old and of a Cacochymical or Cachectic Constitution they are all cross Circumstances If a Trembling invade the Part If a Looseness succeed to a light Palsy or an acute Feaver to the Apoplectic
from the sense of Thirst a proneness to rub and toss the Head and pull up the Hairs When the Inflammation relents it tends to a Gangrene which occasions Convulsions Lethargies and a total inactivity A true Phrensy proceeding from the Inflammation of the Brain is very dangerous If it increase after sleeping if it be serious and fierce if a clammy cold Sweat drop from the Head while the Body is unconcern'd if it be attended by a difficult Respiration immoderat Watching Headaches notable Weakness a ghastly Countenance an invincible Forgetfulness a Hiccough gnashing of the Teeth trembling of the Tongue and Hands and involuntary voiding of Excrements if the Person he speechless apt to gather up or pick the Bed-cloaths or become lethargic if the Nostrils drop and the Urine be not tinctur'd All these Symptoms portend Death A Paraphrenitis proceeding only from the Heat and Effervescency of the Blood and Spirits is more tolerable A Symptornatical Phrensy is a proper Subject of Cure but a Critical one ought not to be meddled with It is follow'd for the most part by bleeding at the Nose and is distinguish'd by the following Symptoms The Urine affords signs of Concoction the Pulse is unequal but strong and large the Eyes sparkle a murmuring Noise disturbs the Ears the Nostrils itch the Face is red and the lower Belly softly distended Sometimes 't is usher'd in by a sudden Headache or the sick Person is young and apt to bleed at the Nose If these Symptoms are wanting the Phrensy is symptomatical and ought to be cur'd by allaying the Heat and Turgency of the Blood and Spirits or removing the Stagnation In the first place let the Physician take care that he be not impos'd upon by drunken Persons whose Phrensies resemble those of Feavers In the next place if the phrentic Person be molested with Head-aches and immoderat Watchings Narcotic Medicines are very proper but ought to be cautiously administred for fear of exalting the Phrensy or converting it into a Lethargy In order to avoid such Consequences let us take notice of the following Cautions 1. That in acute hot Diseases Opiats ought to be prepar'd with Vinegar 2. That they ought not to be administred in the beginning or height of the Distemper but only during its increase 3. That when the Person is very weak they should be omitted 4. They ought still to be mix'd with Bezoardic Diaphoretic Pouders Blood-letting is always convenient unless the Feaver be very malign and ought to be liberally perform'd and in the following manner 1. Let a Vein in the Hams be first open'd then in the Arm and afterwards in the Forehead Incase of a particular Suppression of Blood in the lower Region let the Vein in the Ancle be first open'd Instead of breathing the Vein in the Forehead some recommend the Application of scarify'd Cupping-glasses to the forepart of the Head 2. Let the Surgeon while the Vein is open lay his hand upon the Patient's Head and mind the beating of the Artery in order to adjust the quantity of Blood to be drawn forth and the strength of the Patient 3. Let the Orifice of the Vein be stop'd and open'd by turns by the Surgeon's Finger Thus the stagnating Blood is evacuated without impairing the strength of the Patient in so great a measure as otherwise As for external Applications all strong smelling things except Camphyr ought to be avoided Vinegar must be added but in small quantities because its sharpness hinders sleep A symptomatical Phrensy disappears upon the removal of the principal Disease Cooling and narcotic Medicines are its proper Cure to which Diaphoretic Febrifuga's are join'd according to the Degree and Circumstances of the Feaver Take of the Waters of Male Pimpernel Purslain and white Water-Lillies of each an Ounce and a half Syrup of Water-Lillies and Syrup of Poppies of each six Drams The Acid Mineral Spirits of Vitriol Salt Sulphur dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre and dulcify'd Spirit of Salt are very useful against Phrensies Camphyr has a peculiar pacific Virtue If it be added to Opiats their Dose ought to be proportionably lessen'd As Take of the Conserve of red Poppy-flowers vitriolated half a Dram Langelot's Laudanum Opiatum one Grain Camphyr two Grains Mix c. Sugar of Lead prepar'd with Spirit of Nitre is a powerful Pacific The Decoction of the Flowers of Male Pimpernel in Water whetted with a little Rhenish Wine is of excellent use Take of the four great Cold-seeds of each a Dram and a half white Poppy-seeds three Drams With purslain-Purslain-water make an Emulsion To which add human Scull prepar'd without Fire half a Dram Bezoar Mineral a Scruple Syrup of Purslain half an Ounce Mix for use In a malignant Phrensy let the following Pouder be exhibited viz. Take of Cinnabar of Antimony twelve or fifteen Grains Lunar Bezoar six or eight Grains Laudanum Opiatum a Grain Camphyr two Grains Make a Pouder for two Doses to be exhibited in the Emulsion of white Poppy-seeds made with Pimpernel and Purslain Water Or Take of the Cephalic Specific Pouder a Scruple Sugar of Lead six Grains Camphyr two Grains Laudanum Opiatum a Grain and a half Acid Juleps are likewise very proper and if the Belly be constipated Tamarinds may be boil'd in ' em Externally let Cataplasms of Rue Chamomile Vervain Briony-roots and Soap or of Radishes Salt sharp Vinegar and Yest be applied to the soles of the Feet Or Take of the Juice of Houseleek new drawn six Drams sharp Wine Vinegar an Ounce and a half Nitre two Drams Camphyr half a Dram. Mix and apply to the Stones soles of the Feet and forepart of the Head When the Person sleeps it ought to be taken off the Head A Cataplasm of Houseleek Purslain and Roses may be applied to the Temples and Forehead The Pulp of a Gourd applied to the Head shav'd is commended by Bartholet Some set their Feet into an excavated Gourd and find benefit by it The Juice of live River-Crabs newly express'd is applied to the Forehead with wonderful success Or Take of Rose-water ten Ounces Opium a Dram Saffron half a Scruple Mix them and apply with a doubled Linen Cloth to the Forehead Take of the Water of Frogs Spaun six or eight Ounces fresh Juice of River-Crabs two three or four Ounces Opium dissolv'd in Vinegar half a Dram or two Scruples Camphyr and Saffron of each six eight or ten Grains Mix c. Or Take of the Juice of River-Crabs extracted with the Water of Frogs Spawn six Ounces Vinegar of Roses two Ounces Triacle of Andromachus two Drams Camphyr half a Scruple Saffron six Grains Mix and foment the Head and Temples Let the Liquor be lukewarm or somewhat cold Lindanus attributes much to the antient way of applying live Creatures cut up along the middle as a Dove a Cock c. to the Head shav'd But in the first beginning of a Phrensy they rather enforce it Oftimes the phrentic Persons thro inadvertency neglect to void their
begin with the ordinary one and from thence advance gradually The Flowers of Antimony Aurum Vitae the Infusion of Mercurius Vitae Sylvius's vomitory Soap and Sala's Emetic Syrup are all useful As Take of Fumitory Water one Ounce Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Wine from a Scruple to half a Dram Emetic Syrup a Dram and a half Scammony sulphurated Extract of Troches Alhandal of each one Grain Simple Syrup of Roses two Drams Mix for a Potion The Dose of Purgatives must be likewise augmented or sharpned with Salts As Take of Extract of black Hellebor a Scruple Extract of Troches Alhandal two Grains Purgative Antimony or Mercurius Vitae five Grains With Essence of Steel or Tincture of Tartar make Pills Or if a Potion be more acceptable with the Waters of Pimpernel or of Flowers of St. John's-wort make a Potion and sweeten it with laxative Syrup of Apples The Troches Alhandal are of incomparable use for subduing the viscid matter that reigns in this and all other Chronical Distempers Take of Extract of black Hellebor sweet Mercury of each a Scruple Magistery of Jalap six Grains with Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar make Pills Take of Mint-water one Ounce Liquid Extract of Steel half a Dram Extract of black Hellebor a Scruple Extract of Troches Alhandal one Grain Syrup of Apples half an Ounce Mix c. Take of Mint-water one Ounce Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar a Scruple or half a Dram Tartar vitriolated half a Scruple Extract of Troches Alhandal one Grain Syrup of Apples half an Ounce Mix c. Take of pick'd Senna two or three Drams Roots of Polypody three or four Drams Roots of black Hellebor one or two Drams Salt of Tartar half a Dram. Infuse them warm in clarify'd Whey over night In the Morning let 'em boil gently and add to three Ounces of the strain'd Liquor a Dram and a half of Cinnamom Water and three four or six Drams of Syrup of Apples Or Take of Corants bruis'd three Ounces pick'd Senna six Drams choice Cinnamom three Drams Cloves a Dram and a half Cream of Tartar three Drams Bruise 'em and tie 'em in a Bag to be infus'd for the space of a night in three Pound of simple Water Take of Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar five Grains Tartar vitriolated three Grains Extract of Gummy Aloe two Grains With Essence of Gum Ammoniac make Pills Next to Hellebor and its Productions are the Infusions of Senna Quercetanus's Pills of Ammoniac or of Tartar of Fumitory c. Absorbent Digestives ought to precede the use of Purgatives such are Cream of Tartar Vitriol of Steel or its Tincture Essence of Steel c. Or Take of prepar'd Crabs half a Dram prepar'd red Coral Alterative Crocus of Steel of each half a Scruple Make a Pouder for two Doses Or Take of Sal Armoniac Salt of Wormwood and prepar'd Crabs eyes of each fifteen Grains Laudanum Opiatum two or three Grains Make a Pouder for two Doses Alteratives in this Disease either correct the Acidity of the Blood or amend its Indisposition and purify it by Urine Of the former kind are Preparations of Steel such as its Infusion and Extract with the Juice of Apples all the Aperitive Crocus's of Mars Mynsicht's Tincture of Steel c. Lead also but especially its Sugar Coral and its Preparations and chiefly its true Tincture in room of which if it be wanting you may take of the Tincture of Coral prepar'd with Spirit of Stag's Heart or that of Roses one Dram Essence of Baum and Saffron of each half a Dram. And mix ' em Of this sort also is the true Tincture of Silver and its Magistery either alone or mix'd with other Anti-acids as Coral and such like Mynsicht's Arcanum Duplicatum is frequently us'd with good success likewise Lapis Lazuli either in Pouder or its Tincture mix'd as follows Take compound Essence of Pimpernel three Drams Tincture of Lapis Lazuli a Dram. Dose from forty to fifty Drops For altering and purifying the Blood by Urine the Vegetable Kingdom affords many excellent Remedies amongst which Tartar and its Preparations excel as Cream of Tartar plain or vitriolated or mix'd with lixivial Salts Spirit and volatil Salt of Tartar Rhefeldius's Diaphoretic Liquor of Tartar with Juices made thus Take of the express'd Juices of Dittander four Ounces Scurvy-grass Sea Radish Water and Garden Cresses of each an Ounce rectify'd Spirit of Tartar one pound Mix and digest and then distil in a Bath over a slow Fire Dose half an Ounce Remedies also are prepar'd of Borrage Bugloss Fumitory Saffron Camphyr which last ought always to be joined with Alteratives in melancolic and maniac Distempers As Take liquid Essence of Steel two Drams compound Essence of Fumitory and that of Saffron of each a Dram Camphyr five Grains Dose thirty or forty Drops Or Take of the Leaves of Harts-tongue two handfuls of Fumitory an handful and a half Flowers of Borrage and Bugloss of each a handful of Clove Gilly-flowers and Violets half a handful Barks of Tamarisk and the Ash-tree of each six Drams Roots of Polypody or Elecampane Filings of Steel of each an Ounce Cinnamom two Drams Cut bruise and tie them up in a Bag. Or Take of the flowers of Rosemary Borrage and Bugloss of each four Ounces of Saffron a Dram Quinces four Ounces best White-Wine two Pound Mix and digest fifteen days and then distil Dose an Ounce to be reiterated Take of Hartman's Cachectick Pouder a Dram red Coral prepar'd half a Dram Camphyr fifteen Grains Mix and divide into three equal parts to be taken in so many Mornings The following Pills may be taken before sleep Take of the Sugar of Lead from five to nine Grains Laudanum Opiatum two Grains distill'd Oil of Camphyr three Grains and make Pills The Spirit of Sal Armoniac is an incomparable Sudorific especially mix'd with an equal quantity of the Carminative Spirit If Pains seize the Head apply to the Forehead this Epithem Take Waters of Elder-flowers and St. John's-wort of each an Ounce and a half Camphyr six Grains Mix ' em This will yet prove more effectual if a Plaister of Tacamahac be applied to the shaved head If the Spleen is faulty beside Preparations of Lead taken inwardly apply the Plaister of Tobacco to the Region thereof Of Madness THE Blood which in Melancoly abounds with a vitious Acidity is oftentimes by an intestin and fermentative Commotion volatilized and so acquiring an Acrimony and furnishing the Brain with Spirits sutable occasions Madness which is Melancoly arrived at the highest degree In Madness we may observe three Circumstances 1. A remarkable Fury and temerarious Boldness hurrying one to attempt any thing tho never so cruel and tragical 2. A prodigious Strength able to break in pieces the strongest things and surpassing that of two or three Men. 3. A wonderful Sufferance of even the extreamest Cold. It is also accompanied with most stubborn Watchings The Disorder of the Stomach
of Citrons or the Tincture of Columbine and Blewbottle-flowers and such like temperat Acids are the best If the Person be frequently seiz'd with slight Shiverings and little pricking Pains in the Back 't is a sign of miliar Eruptions which if they be white are dangerous Before their Eruption absorbent Diaphoretics are proper after their appearance Emulsions of the expulsive Seeds the antiscorbutic Tincture of Coral and the Essence of Myrrh ought to be added SECT IX Of the Disorders relating to Suckling THE nutritious Juice that was wont to be measur'd out for the Child in the Womb stagnats in the Blood when the Womb is empty'd and contracted This Stagnation is follow'd by a Fermentation or Milk-feaver and that by a Precipitation of Serum which being strain'd thro the Glandules of the Breasts and thicken'd by their acid Ferment is converted into Milk and fitted for the Nourishment of new-born Infants The Accidents which thwart Nature in this its Design are such as either impair or over-mulâ—iply the quantity of Milk or else deprave it Those which impair the quantity of Milk are the artificial Compression or preternatural Obstruction of the Glandules and Passages in the Breasts the meagre dry Constitution of the Woman's Body much sweating or voiding large quantities of white Serum in the Childbed Flux drinking of acid Liquors or austere Wine Grief Fear Anger and Childbed acute Diseases to which we may add the want of a sucking Force in a weak Child Now in order to supply Milk we order juicy Food and the Decoction of Elder-flowers in Milk or that of Earth-worms and Fennel-seeds for drink The Seeds of Anis Caraways and Dill or their distill'd Oils are also very proper Prepar'd Crystal and Marle from Rocks indirectly promote the increase of Milk by subduing the Acid that thwarts it Externally we order the Breasts to be rubb'd with a rough Cloth after eating and fomented with the Decoction of Fennel-seeds Marshmallows Mint and Elder-flowers in Milk or anointed with the Oil of Worms mix'd with a few Drops of the distill'd Oil of Anis and cover'd with a Cataplasm of the Meal of Barly Marshmallows and Yest Contrary to this Symptom is the Redundancy of Milk caus'd by the Laxity of the Glandules in the Breasts or the over-acting of a volatil Acid which promotes the Precipitation It is follow'd by a distention of the Breasts pain in the Back swelling of the Glandules under the Arm-pits and sometimes a Corruption of the Breasts if it stagnate there or by an universal Weakness if it be evacuated If it coagulat and distend the Breasts we endeavour to promote its Egress by sucking and applying the Plaister of Sperma Ceti and above that hot Bags quilted with Millet-seeds Rice and Barly If the Milk be free from Coagulation in the Breasts we foment 'em with the Decoction of Mint Hemlock Cumin-seeds and Allum in Water and Vinegar or apply Cataplasms of the Pouder of Mint Bread Vinegar and Salt Some commend the Juice of Plantane and the Plaister of Hemlock Internally we exhibit the cold Antivenereal Specifics Besides the Deficiency and Redundancy of Milk there remains yet another Disorder relating to the same Class viz. its Corruption or Curdling occasion'd either suddenly by the quick Retreat and Perturbation of the Animal Spirits through Grief and Fear or gradually by its mixing with acid Lymph in the Glandules of the Breasts and lingring beyond its due time The Symptoms of curdled Milk are the unequal Swellings of the Glandules of the Breasts at first free of pain but afterwards follow'd by a violent Heat Redness pinching Pain and Inflammation that perhaps degenerats into Imposthums Fistula's Schirrus's or Cancers The Cure which ought to commence betimes consists in discussing the Swellings and dissolving the curdled Milk or else promoting its Suppuration The Discussion is obtain'd by giving inwardly Sperma Ceti to a Dram or Crabs-eyes and Myrrh with Diaphoretic Antimony and fixed Salts or the Pouder of Woodlice to a Dram or the Spirit of Sal Armoniac to a Dram in order to sweat After sweating we apply a large quantity of the Plaister of Sperma Ceti and cover it above with hot Bags of Rice Millet-seeds and Barly or if that Plaister be ineffectual that of Galbanum with Saffron cover'd in like manner the Breast being bath'd twice a day with a Mixture of the Spirit of Sal Armoniac Essence of Saffron and ordinary Spirit of Wine If the Breasts be much inflam'd or seiz'd with St. Antony's Fire the Woman is molested with feaverish Shiverings and a beating Pain in the middle of the Swelling In this case let the Milk be forcibly suck'd let the Decoctions of Mint and Chervil with the above-mention'd Sudorifics be administred and Hony spread upon gray or blew Paper be apply'd to the Breasts The Phlegm of Vitriol strip'd of Acidity the Water of Frogs Spawn and especially that of Quick-lime are very useful for external Fomentation Some order River-Crabs bruis'd to be applied to the Breasts But above all a Cataplasm of the Meal of Beans Lentils and Lupins boil'd in Vinegar and Water and mix'd with the Whites of Eggs is most effectual For St. Antony's Fire let the Syrup of Elder spread upon a Linen Cloth be applied to the Breasts and renewed every hour If Discussives prove successless we must endeavour to ripen the Swelling by bathing it twice a day with Essence of Saffron and Spirit of Sal Armoniac mix'd and applying Mynsichtius's Plaister of Galbanum with Saffron mix'd with Diachylon 'T is usual to apply Cataplasms of the Juice of Smallage Juice of Sheeps-dung c. But they generally create pain Perhaps the following Cataplasm may not be amiss Take of the Roots of Orris rosted Onyons of each three Ounces Yest two Ounces Yelks of Eggs in number three fresh Hogs Tallow half an Ounce Oil of Roses Meal of Beans and Linseed of each two Ounces Make a Cataplasm When the Swelling becomes soft it ought to be open'd with a Lance because tho the Glandule and Fat be easily dissolv'd by the purulent matter yet 't is not able to break through the Skin without insufferable pains After 't is open apply Tents cover'd with Balsam of Peru or Oil of the Balsamin Apple Oil of St. John's-wort or the common Digestive of Turpentine Hony and Yelks of Eggs or above all the Oil of Man's Ordure In case of a Fistula wash it with the Decoction of Agrimony Allum and Myrrh and apply the following Ointment Take of the Juice of Agrimony an Ounce Aloes Myrrh Sarcocol and plumous Allum of each a Dram. With Hony make an Ointment Ofttimes these Swellings elude the Operation both of discussing and suppurating Medicines and become hard painless Scrofles or Schirrus's the former arising from curdled Milk the latter from clotted Blood fix'd by a powerful Acid after the Inflammation In this Case Gum Ammoniac Galbanum the Plaister of Hemloc and a Liniment of the Juice of Nightshade with Lytharge are proper for external
hungry Habitations to a fat Pasture In particular she ought to avoid Acids Sweetmeats Cheese Wine Summer-fruits or whatever is apt to curdle and clot the Milk And as her Diet ought to be clean and regular so she ought to preserve a calm dispassionat temper of Mind since Fear Anger and Grief clot the Milk by diverting and withdrawing the Spirits that should keep up its equal temperature Nay the influence of Fear and other Passions is visible in the natural Marks that are intail'd to Children in the Mother's Womb by the violent Motion of the Mother's Spirits determin'd upon one part and by the way these Marks are cur'd by applying frequently a hot bloody Secundine or Clouts dip'd in Menstrual Blood and the touch of a dead Child's hand Some apply Clouts dip'd in the Blood of Toads or Fernelius's Aqua Divina or in case of extremity cut 'em off If Fear or Passion actually prevail and cause the Coagulation of Milk let the deprav'd Milk be first suck'd out by a Puppy and the Medicines recommended against the same Symptoms in the foregoing Book be exhibited before the Child be admitted to suck In general the curdling of the Milk is best prevented by eating Anise and Fennel-seeds after Meals and abstaining from cold drink or avoiding any external Cold especially by diverting the menstrual Purgation and shunning the Emotions of Venery which by curdling the Milk in the Child 's Stomac frequently entail to it an Antipathy against Cheese as being a natural resemblance of the curdled Milk that was wont to annoy it After the Child has suck'd about a year it ought to be weaned especially a little after the Equinoxes during the increase of the Moon The chief Inconvenience Children are liable to is drinking in the Nighttime which swells up their Belly and occasions Loosenesses and many other bad Symptoms To prevent this let the Essence of Wormwood be mix'd with their drink or if these Evils prevail already exhibit a little Spanish Wine and apply Aromatic Bags to the Belly Besides as for the other Food of young Children it ought to consist of white Bread dry'd and beaten small Yelks of Eggs and Aniseed boil'd in Milk or Water to the Consistence of a thin Pulp That which is commonly made of Flower and Milk or Water is fitter for Paste than any thing else for it lies heavy in the Child 's Stomac and degenerats into a viscous tough Crudity whereas the Bread being already fermented is sooner and more easily digested 'T is customary among Nurses to attenuate the Child's Food in their own Mouths before they give it and indeed 't is true that a healthy Nurses Spittle is of use for promoting the quick Digestion But if scorbutic Salts be lodg'd in her Gums or if a Cacochymy prevail in her Body it is too apt a Vehicle for conveying a morbifical Tincture into the Child's Body These premises if duly weigh'd will furnish us with a distinct Idea of the Causes of Childrens Diseases The Excrements retained and vicious Milk or Pap receiv'd into the Stomac degenerat into an acid Crudity which if imprison'd in a viscid Vehicle displays its force within and if diluted with a thinner Serum breaks out upon the Skin in various Eruptions From this Source it were easy to derive all the particular Diseases of Children their violent Gripings and voiding of discolor'd Excrements the generation of Wind and distention of the Belly Vomiting and Inappetency Hiccough Watchings Convulsions and the numberless Train of cuticular Eruptions or aches on the Skin occasion'd partly by the Efflux of a ferous acid and partly by a want of due transpiration which obliges it to stagnat in the out parts Now forasmuch as all these Diseases of Children are deriv'd from one Cause and consequently demand the same Method of Cure 't will be needless to trace every distinct Symptom apart and therefore we shall content our selves with a general Account of the Method of Cure And indeed if the foregoing Hypothesis be duly considered and understood 't will be an obvious Consequence that the Basis of the Cure falls upon Alcalies or such Medicines as discuss a viscid Crudity and imbibe an acid These are first the volatil Alkalies especially the Spirit of Sal Armoniac succinat which tho dreaded by some is recommended by experience as an incomparable Medicine for Children 'T is given in the Mother's Milk or in Mint or Fennel-water To this Class we may join oily Aromatics as Aniseed given in Pouder to half a Dram Castor Myrrh and Elixir Proprietatis prepar'd without Acids In the second Rank we place the fix'd absorbent Alcalies viz. Coral Crabs-eyes Pearl Sea Horse-teeth Ivory Bezoar-stone To which we may add the Tincture of Tartar or that of the Dross of the Regulus of Antimony and Venice Triacle or Mithridate given to two Grains stronger Narcotics and more generous Medicines being improper As for example Take of prepar'd Crabs-eyes half a Dram Hartshorn prepar'd without fire half a Dram prepar'd red Coral half a Scruple choice Myrrh six or nine Grains Venice Triacle three or four Grains distill'd Oil of Anise three or six Drops Make a Pouder Or Take of Hartshorn prepar'd without Fire a Scruple Crabs-eyes and red Coral of each half a Scruple volatil Salt of Hartshorn six Grains Venice Triacle four Grains choice Myrrh three Grains Make a Pouder of which give a convenient quantity in Milk or Pap. Take of elder-flower-Elder-flower-water two Ounces Spirit of Sal Armoniac fifteen Drops Hartshorn prepar'd without Fire the Jaw-bone of a Pike and prepar'd Unicorn of each half a Scruple Syrup of Poppies two Drams Make a Potion to be given by little Spoonfuls Now the acid Crudity being thus subdu'd and prepar'd it remains only to make Provision for its Evacuation first by Clysters of the Decoction of Chamomil-flowers mix'd with Salt of Tartar Hony of Rue and Oil of Anise or those of Milk with Turpentin dissolv'd by the Yelk of an Egg or in a difficult Case thus Take of the Decoction of Carminative Ingredients with Salt of Tartar two Ounces Sala's Emetic Syrup two Drams Hony of Roses two Drams Make a Clyster If a viscid Slime stuff the Breast we may exhibit for a Potion three Drams of Hyssop Water half a Dram of the Syrup of Tobacco and a Scruple of Sala's Emetic Syrup mix'd or half an Ounce of Mint-water with half a Dram of the Emetic Syrup As for Purgatives take what follows Take of the Solutive Syrup of Roses two Drams prepar'd Crabs-eyes half a Dram prepar'd red Coral twelve Grains With a few Drops of the Spirit of Anis make a Mixture Or Take of the Pouder of Jalap six Grains Tartar vitriolat half a Scruple Make a Pouder Manna given to two or four Drams in Breast-milk or Pap is also a good Laxative But above all sweet Mercury is the most effectual Correcter and Evacuater of acid viscous Humours especially upon the approach of the Small Pox or Measles 'T is given
Example of a late Instance of that Nature in Paris 5. The Wounds of the Breast In curing of which we ought to mind these Cautions 1. That if the Wound be lower than the seventh Rib it belongs to the Belly and not to the Breast 2. 'T will be needful to use Tents for the Wounds of the Breast but they ought not to be put in during the time of Inspiration lest they be suck'd in and besides they ought to have large Heads to prevent their Ingress 3. Internally Dieuretics are very proper by reason that matter in the Breast has ofttimes a tendency to pass by Urine 4. Antipleuritical Medicines will be also very convenient for preventing the Evils that may insue 6. Wounds of the Head In all which the Belly ought to be kept open If they 're only superficial let a Plaister of Tacamahac and the Plaister of Betony be applied If the Scull be injur'd apply the Pouders of the Flower-de-luce Aloes and Myrrh mix'd with Spirit of Wine or distill'd Oil of Turpentin If the Meninges and Scull be cut quite through we must stop the internal Bleeding by the Pouders of Aloes Frankincense and Bole Armenic mix'd with the Whites of Eggs and put into the Wound Clouts impregnated with the Oil of Turpentin or Balsam Capaivi Some apply the Oil of Roses but that and all fat viscid Ingredients are absolutely pernicious As for Bruises of the Head if they are without Wounds and are not likely to be discuss'd we must promote their Suppuration and open 'em very quickly lest the stagnating matter should injure the Scull If they are accompany'd by Wounds but such as do not injure the Cranium we apply a Digestive of Turpentin Gum Elemi Fat of Beavers and that of Hogs If the Scull be hurt by Bruises they cause either a Fracture or a Fissure or Depression of the Bone of which more anon We shall conclude this Chapter of Wounds with a few of their most remarkable Symptoms 1. Inflammations of Wounds are cur'd by applying Lime-water or the Juice of River-Crabs with Camphyr and Sugar of Lead 2. An Erysipelas by applying Venice Triacle and Salt of Wormwood dissolv'd in Spirit of Wine 3. Luxuriant over-growing Flesh caus'd by the spongyness and flagginess of the Part is remov'd by applying burnt Allum Crocus Metallorum the Ointment Aegyptiacum Platerus's Green Water or rather the Pouder of the Crystals of Silver dissolv'd in Spirit of Nitre 4. The Pain which generally attends Wounds of nervous parts is mitigated by applying a Mixture of the Oil of Earthworms distill'd Oil of Lavender and that of Amber 5. A Synovia or Efflux of the nutritious Juice of the wounded Joints is cur'd by applying Clouts soak'd in the Water distill'd from River-Crabs or in a Virgin 's first Menstrual Blood or a Cataplasm of Hog's Dung boil'd with the Blood of the Wound or the Moss of a dead Man's Scull or Wurzius's brown Ointment or in the room of 'em all the following Pouder viz. Take of the Pouder of Oyster-shells an Ounce Calaminar-stone Cuttle-bones and Jaw-bones of Pikes of each two Drams prepar'd Spodium and seal'd-Earth or Allum of each a Dram and a half Mix and make a Pouder 6. Convulsions of wounded parts are cur'd internally as an Epilepsy and externally by applying the Balsam of Peru with the distill'd Oil of Amber and if a Nerve be prick'd treating it as above or if it be imperfectly cut by cutting it or the Tendon quite through and so saving the Person 's Life tho at the expence of the Sense of that Part. 7. The Feavers that attend Wounds are for the most part usher'd in by extraordinary Heat Redness of the Eyes unwonted pain and frequent Flushing they 're cur'd by Sudorifics such as Crabs-eyes Diaphoretic Antimony Coral and Sal Armoniac mix'd with Nitre and the Juice of Citrons CHAP. III. Of Vlcers ULcers are the Corrosion of the Fibres occasion'd by a sharp acid Ferment flowing from the corrupted Nourishment of the Part or the vicious Blood and Lymph The Acidity of this corrosive Ferment is sufficiently made out by the acid Smell of Plaisters after they 've been applied to Ulcers and the unfitness of Alcalin Caustics to corrode as being more apt to mortify In nervous parts whose nutritious Juice is not laden with such a strong volatil Salt as that of the sanguine and in glandulous places where the Lymph do's naturally incline to Acidity Ulcers are more troublesom and dangerous than elsewhere In Persons whose Blood is degenerat from its volatil State and become acid Ulcers are very obstinat and scarce curable without the Crasis of the Blood be retriev'd If an Ulcer be clos'd before the malignant Ferment be quite drain'd 't will either relapse in the same place or corrupt the adjacent Bones or display its Energy in another part of the Body If they be much exposed to the Air their Lips become hard and callous and sometimes dry If they 're much discolour'd they signify a Gangrene If they continue long they cause Consumptions Feavers and Ulcers of the Lungs If the Matter that issues from 'em be bloody thin sharp yellow or stinking it is not so favourable as when 't is white and thick When Ulcers become dry unaccountably and of a sudden they portend imminent Death Ulcers are cur'd by volatil Acalies and fix'd Absorbents which mortify the prevailing Acid. The external Remedies are of three sorts 1. Digesting 2. Cleansing and 3. Healing Those of a digesting Force are the more temperat Alkalies such as Turpentin Yelks of Eggs Mastic Oil of St. John's-wort Myrrh c. and are us'd for qualifying the sharp bloody matter and working it into a thick Consistence call'd Pus For the prevailing Acid converts the nutritious Juice of the part into a sharp thin matter which ought to be qualify'd by an Alcali in order to become thick but so as not to destroy all the force of the Acid which entitles it to whitish Colour When the matter is thus prepar'd we proceed to cleansing Remedies that is sharper Alkalies that destroy the Acid more powerfully and hinder the Conversion of the nutritious Juice into corrupt matter Their cleansing Virtue is only accidental and less to be regarded than that which directly stifles the Causes Of this Nature are the Decoctions of vulnerary Plants in Lime-water or Cataplasms of the bruis'd Leaves of vulnerary Plants which are infinitely more useful than all the Oils Ointments and Plaisters of the Shops the last being of no use but for defending the Wound from Air and Cold. Take of Tobacco-leaves two Handfuls Wormwood-tops and the Herb Speedwell of each a handful Roots of round-rooted Birthwort an Ounce Juniper-berries half an Ounce Crude Allum from three to six Drams Boil them in black-smith's-Black-Smith's-water strain the Liquor to be injected into the Ulcer adding at every Injection a convenient quantity of the Spirit of Wine Take of Lime-water a Pound Sweet Mercury two Drams Spirit of Venice Triacle camphoris'd an Ounce